Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 10164 888021 854435 2026-07-27T09:15:02Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mukala mai kyau}}{{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar [[ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Arsenal''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] da ke zaune a Islington, Arewacin London, Ingila. Suna fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], matakin farko na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida, Arsenal ta lashe lambobin league 13 (ciki har da lambar yabo guda ɗaya da ba a ci ba), rikodin Kofin FA 14, Kofin League 2, 17 FA Community Shields da kuma Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. A cikin Kwallon ƙafa na Turai, sun lashe kofin Turai guda ɗaya da kuma kofin Inter-Cities Fairs guda ɗaya. Dangane da kyaututtuka da aka samu, ita ce kulob na uku mafi nasara a kwallon kafa na Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal FC – history, facts and records |url=https://www.footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925230002/https://footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=footballhistory.org}}</ref> Arsenal ita ce kulob din farko daga kudancin Ingila da ta shiga gasar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1893, a hukumance ta shiga kungiyar farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Arsenal tana ɗaukar matsayi mafi tsawo a cikin rukunin farko (sama da shekaru 105 da ƙidaya) kuma ta kammala karni na 20 tare da matsayi mafi girma na kowane kulob.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a tarihin kwallon kafa na Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1930, Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun League biyar da kofin FA guda biyu, tare da wani kofin FA da wasu kofin biyu da suka zo bayan yakin. A cikin shekara ta 1970-zuwa ciki shekara ta 1971, ta lashe gasar League da FA Cup sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1989 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2005, kulob din ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai biyar da kofin FA guda biyar, ciki har da karin sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1998 da 2017, Arsenal ta cancanci [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] don rikodin kwallon kafa na Ingila na shekaru goma sha tara a jere.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dawson |first=Alan |title=Here's how much money Arsenal has lost after failing to qualify for the Champions League |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417140419/https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1886, ma'aikatan makamai a Royal Arsenal a Woolwich sun kafa kulob din a matsayin Dial Square . A shekara ta 1913, kulob din ya it birnin zuwa [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury, ya zama makwabta na kusa da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], don haka ya haifar da wasan derby na Arewacin London. Herbert Chapman ya lashe kulob din azurfa na farko, kuma abin da ya bari ya ba da damar yin amfani da ganima a cikin shekarun 1930. Ya taimaka wajen gabatar da tsarin WM, fitilu, da Lambobin rigar; <ref name="Herbert Chapman Hall of Fame">{{Cite web |title=Herbert Chapman |url=http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418113836/http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |archive-date=18 April 2016 |access-date=20 March 2016 |publisher=National Football Museum}}</ref> ya kuma kara fararen hannayen hannu da ja mai haske ga rigar kulob din. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711145624/http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=11 July 2020 |access-date=11 July 2020 |website= |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> Arsène Wenger shine kocin kulob din da ya fi dadewa kuma ya lashe mafi yawan kyaututtuka. Ya lashe kofin FA guda bakwai, kuma tawagarsa ta uku kuma ta karshe da ta lashe lambar yabo ta kafa rikodin Ingila don mafi tsawo acikin wasanni 49 tsakanin shekara ta 2003 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2004, yana karɓar laƙabi The Invincibles . Acikin shekara ta 2006, kulob din ya koma Filin wasa na Emirates da ke kusa. Tare da kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na £ 616.6m a cikin kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2023-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-28 |title=Financial Results |url=https://www.arsenal.com/the-club/corporate-info/arsenal-holdings-financial-results |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Financial Results |language=en}}</ref> ''Forbes'' ta kiyasta Arsenal ta kai dala biliyan 3.4, yana mai da ita kulob din kwallon kafa na takwas mafi daraja a duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal on the Forbes Soccer Team Valuations List |url=https://www.forbes.com/teams/arsenal/ |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> yayin da kuma kasancewa daya daga cikin kungiyoyin wasanni da aka fi bi a duniya a kan [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]]. Taken kulob din shine ''Victoria Concordia Crescit'', Latin don "Victory Through Harmony". == Tarihi == === 1886-1912: Dial Square zuwa Royal Arsenal === [[Fayil:Arsenal_1888_squad_photo.jpg|thumb|Royal Arsenal tawaga ne a cikin shekara ta 1888. Kyaftin din asali David Danskin yana zaune a hannun dama na benci.]] Acikin watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1886, dan kasar Scotland David Danskin da abokan aikin makamai goma sha biyar a Woolwich sun kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dial Square, mai suna bayan wani bita a tsakiyar Royal Arsenal. Kowane memba ya ba da gudummawa shida, kuma Danskin ya kara shillings uku don taimakawa wajen kafa kulob din.<ref name="dialsquare">{{Cite web |title='Royal Arsenal' formed in Woolwich |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725142641/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=2 November 2018 |website=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [bayanin 1] Dial Square ta buga wasan farko a ranar 11 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1886 a kan Eastern Wanderers kuma ta ci 6-0. An sake sunan kulob din Royal Arsenal acikin watan Janairun shekara ta 1887,<ref name="Royal Arsenal name">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=13 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Royal Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501065626/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-date=1 May 2015 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> kuma gidansa na farko shine Plumstead Common, kodayake sun shafe mafi yawan lokutan su suna wasa a Manor Ground.{{Sfn|Masters|1995}} Kyaututtuka na farko da suka samu sune Kent Senior Cup da London Charity Cup acikin shekara ta 1889-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1890 da London Senior Cup acikin shekara ta 1890-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1891; waɗannan su ne kawai kyaututtuka da Arsenal ta samu a lokacin da suke a Kudu maso Gabashin London.<ref name="FirstCountyCup">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=7 March 2012 |title=121 Years ago today – Royal Arsenal's last trophy " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605041507/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1891, Royal Arsenal ya zama kulob din farko na London da ya zama kwararre.<ref name="TurnProfessional">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=9 May 2017 |title=Royal Arsenal FC Turn Professional – The Truth |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923114343/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |access-date=23 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> An sake sunan Royal Arsenal a karo na biyu bayan ya zama kamfani mai iyaka a cikin shekara ta 1893. Sun yi rajistar sabon sunansu, Woolwich Arsenal, tare da Kungiyar kwallon kafa lokacin da kulob din ya hau daga baya a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly I |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=20 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Woolwich Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205024313/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> : 5-21 Woolwich Arsenal ita ce ta farko a kudancin kungiyar kwallon kafa, ta fara ne a rukuni na biyu kuma ta kai rukuni na farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Rashin halartar taron, saboda matsalolin kudi tsakanin ma'aikatan makamai da isowar kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da suka fi dacewa a wasu wurare a cikin birni, ya jagoranci kulob din kusa da fatarar kuɗi acikin shekara ta 1910. <ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Sally |date=December 2007 |title=Woolwich Arsenal 1910 – the arrival of Hall and Norris |url=http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410074122/http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-date=10 April 2016 |access-date=11 July 2016 |website=wrightanddavis.co.uk}}</ref> : 112-149 'Yan kasuwa Henry Norris da William Hall sun shiga cikin kulob din, kuma sun nemi su motsa su zuwa wani wuri.<ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=12 April 2017 |title=Did Henry Norris Really Buy Arsenal? |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422072349/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=24 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> === 1912-1925: Bankin Ingila kulob din === Acikin shekara ta 1913, ba da daɗewa ba bayan sake komawa zuwa Sashe na Biyu, kulob din ya koma haye kogi zuwa sabon [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury.<ref name="Kay">{{Cite journal |last=Kay |first=Joyce |year=2008 |title=It Wasn't Just Emily Davison! Sport, Suffrage and Society in Edwardian Britain |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360802212271 |url-status=live |journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport |volume=25 |issue=10 |pages=1343–1346 |doi=10.1080/09523360802212271 |issn=0952-3367 |s2cid=154063364 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917130504/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09523360802212271 |archive-date=17 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2021 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Club moves from Woolwich to Highbury |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927195634/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |archive-date=27 September 2021 |access-date=27 September 2021 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1919, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta kada kuri'a don inganta Arsenal, maimakon masu adawa da gida [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], a cikin sabon rukunin farko, duk da kammala na biyar a cikin rukunin na biyu na karshe kafin yakin da akayi acikin shekara ta 1914-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1915. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Arsenal ta fara sauke "The" a cikin takardun hukuma, a hankali ta sauya sunanta a karo na karshe zuwa Arsenal, kamar yadda aka fi sani a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=30 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Arsenal F.C. |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806204052/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-date=6 August 2015 |access-date=12 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> [[Fayil:Herbert_Chapman_bust_20050922.jpg|right|thumb|Wani tagulla na Herbert Chapman yana tsaye a cikin Filin wasa na Emirates.]] === 1925-1934: Gunners na Herbert Chapman === Yanayin Arsenal da kuma kyautar albashin da aka bayar ya ja hankalin tauraruwar Huddersfield Town Herbert Chapman acikin shekarar 1925. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, Chapman ya gina sabon Arsenal na juyin juya hali. Da farko, ya nada sabon mai horar da shi, Tom Whittaker wanda wata rana zai tashi ya zama sanannen manajan Arsenal da kansa.{{Sfn|Whittaker|Peskett|1957}} Tare da taimakon mai kunnawa Charlie Buchan, ya aiwatar da tsarin WM wanda zai zama tushen tushe ga kayan aikinsa.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Charlie Buchan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last3=Jonathan Wilson (writer)}}</ref> Ya kuma kama matasa masu basira kamar Cliff Bastin da Eddie Hapgood, yayin da yake ba da babbar kudin shiga ta Highbury a kan taurari kamar David Jack da Alex James. === 1934-1947: Shaw, Allison da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === Mutuwar Chapman tana nufin aikin ya bar wa abokan aikinsa Joe Shaw da George Allison, tare da dukansu sun tabbatar da kasancewa masu basira da cikakkun masu kula da ƙungiyar Chapman ta Arsenal, suna ganin hat-trick na nasarar league tare da lakabi na cikin shekara ta 1933-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1934,sannan acikin shekara ta 1934-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1935, da kuma acikin shekara ta kofin fA hakan tafaru ne acikin shekara ta 1937-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1938, sannan kuma sun ci gaba lashe Kofin FA na cikin shekara ta 1936. <ref>{{Cite webda |title=Joe Shaw |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722210145/http://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |archive-date=22 July 2017 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=George Allison |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128085228/https://www.spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> === 1947-1962: Gunners na Tom Whittaker === Duk da wannan lokacin tashin hankali da rikici, Arsenal ta dawo don lashe gasar a karo na biyu bayan yakin da akayi acikin shekara ta 1947-zuwa cikin shakara ta 1948. Wannan shine kakar wasa ta farko ta Tom Whittaker a matsayin kocin, kuma yana nufin kulob din ya daidaita da rikodin zakaran Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref> Whittaker, duk da halin da yake da shi na tawali'u da tawali'unsa, ana kiransa "ƙwaƙwalwa" a bayan sanannen kungiyar Arsenal ta Chapman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Whittaker |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422190134/https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |archive-date=22 April 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2015 |title=How did Tom Whittaker get Chapman to believe in him, and other anniversaries – The History of Arsenal |url=https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923022652/https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tara ƙungiyar Arsenal mai cin nasara kuma mai ƙwarewa sosai duk da ƙarancin albarkatu, tare da salon wuta da faɗaɗa wanda ya haifar da babbar murya a lokacin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> === 1962-1984: Billy Wright, Bertie Mee da Terry Neill === [[Fayil:Alan_Ball_and_Bertie_Mee.png|thumb|Alan Ball (hagu) da Bertie Mee (wanda ya jagoranci Arsenal zuwa sau biyu na farko acikin shekara ta 1971), wanda aka zana acikin shekara ta 1972]] Arsenal ba za ta lashe League ko FA Cup ba har tsawon shekaru 18. Kungiyar '53 Champions ta tsufa, kuma kulob din ya kasa jawo hankalin masu karfi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post-War Arsenal&nbsp;– Overview |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302080424/http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |archive-date=2 March 2009 |access-date=27 November 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Kodayake Arsenal sun kasance masu gasa a cikin waɗannan shekarun, dukiyarsu ta ragu; kulob din ya shafe mafi yawan shekarun cikin shekara ta 1950 da 1960 a tsakiyar tebur.{{Sfn|Sowman|Wilson|2016}} Ko da tsohon kyaftin din Ingila Billy Wright bai iya kawo kulob din wani nasara ba a matsayin kocin, a cikin wani lokaci tsakanin shekara ta 1962 dakuma cikin shakara ta 1966. === 1984-1996: Arsenal na George Graham === [[Fayil:Tony_Adams_Statue.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton [[Tony Adams]] a waje da Filin wasa na Emirates]] Ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara sau biyu na Mee, George Graham, ya dawo a matsayin kocin a 1986, tare da Arsenal ta lashe kofin League na farko acikin shekara ta 1987, kakar farko ta Graham a matsayin mai kula. Sabbin sa hannu Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon da Steve Bould sun shiga kulob din acikin shekarar 1988 don kammala "mashahurin Back Four", karkashin jagorancin dan wasan gida [[Tony Adams]]. [bayanin 3] Ka'idar Graham na ba da fifiko ga ƙwarewar tsaro da alama ta yi karo da al'adun gargajiya na kulob din a kusa da kwallon kafa, kuma mutane da yawa suna da shakku ko zai yi aiki tare da matasa a kulob din din a wannan lokacin; duk da haka, hanyoyinsa da sauri sun sami addini bayan nasarorin farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2017 |title=Graham's Glory Years |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611174653/https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |archive-date=11 June 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Graham's Glory Years}}</ref> === 1996-2018: Shekaru na Arsene Wenger === [[Fayil:GoldInvinciblesTrophy.jpg|alt=|thumb|Bayan kammala kakar Premier League guda daya da ba a ci nasara ba, an ba da kyautar zinare ta musamman ga Arsenal.]] Kungiyar ta canza a lokacin mulkin kocin Faransa Arsène Wenger, wanda aka nada a watan Oktoban shekara ta 1996. Harin kwallon kafa, sake fasalin abinci da ayyukan motsa jiki, da kuma ƙwararrun 'yan kallo [bayanin 5] sun bayyana mulkinsa. Tattara manyan 'yan wasa daga [[Faransa|ƙasarsu]] Wenger, kamar [[Patrick Vieira]] da [[Thierry Henry]], Arsenal ta lashe gasar League da Kofin sau biyu ne acikin shekara ta 1997-98 da na uku acikin shekara ta 2001-02. Bugu da kari, kulob din ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 1999-zuwa ciki shekara ta 2000, sun ci nasara a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 2003 da 2005, kuma sun lashe gasar Firimiya a 2003-04 ba tare da rasa wasa daya ba, nasarar da ta ba kungiyar sunan laƙabi "The Invincibles". Wannan nasarar ta zo ne a cikin wasanni 49 da ba a ci nasara ba daga 7 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2003 zuwa ranar 24 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2004, rikodin ƙasa. === 2018-yanzu: Juyin halitta na bayan Wenger === Bayan gudanar da gyare-gyare a cikin tsarin aiki na kulob din don ya dace da tashiwar Wenger, an kira Mutanen Espanya [[Unai Emery]] a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din a ranar 23 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2018. Ya zama 'kocin kocin' na farko da kuma kocin na biyu daga wajen Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unai Emery announced as new Arsenal head coach |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041448/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |archive-date=26 May 2018 |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2023 |title=Welcome Unai |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523102932/https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |archive-date=23 May 2018 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta farko ta Emery, Arsenal ta kammala ta biyar a gasar Firimiya kuma a matsayin ta biyu a gasar Europa League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League Tables 2018/19 |url=https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217125722/https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=Premier League}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2019 |title=Chelsea win the 2019 UEFA Europa League |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0251-0e9ce2d466b4-6403225af104-1000--chelsea-win-the-2019-uefa-europa-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215024306/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2604835.html |archive-date=15 December 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2019, an sallami Emery a matsayin kocin kuma tsohon dan wasa da mataimakin kocin tawagar farko [[Freddie Ljungberg]] an nada shi a matsayin koci na wucin gadi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=Arsenal sack Emery after worst run in 27 years |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129155717/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |archive-date=29 November 2019 |access-date=29 November 2019 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, Arsenal ta nada tsohon kyaftin din kulob din [[Mikel Arteta]] a matsayin sabon kocin. Arsenal ta gama acikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin shakara ta 2020 a matsayi na takwas, mafi ƙasƙanci tun daga cikin shakara ta 1994-zuwa cikin shakara ta 1995, amma ya doke Chelsea 2-1-1 don samun nasarar cin Kofin FA na 14 . Bayan kakar, an canza taken Arteta daga kocin zuwa manajan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020 |title=Arsenal change Arteta role as part of restructure |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114085210/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2021, an sanar da Arsenal a matsayin kulob din da ya kafa gasar Turai mai suna The Super League; sun janye daga gasar kwana biyu bayan haka a cikin kuskuren duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Super League |url=https://thesuperleague.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418235123/https://www.thesuperleague.com/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=thesuperleague.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta gama kakar ne acikin shekara ta 2020-har zuwa cikin shakara ta 2021 a matsayi na takwas kuma, ba ta cancanci gasar Turai ba a karo na farko cikin shekaru 26.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title=Arsenal fails to qualify for Europe for 1st time in 25 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209191234/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Acikin kakar bayan (2021-22), Arteta ta tara ƙaramin rukuni a gasar Firimiya tare da matsakaicin shekaru 24 da kwanaki 308 - fiye da shekara guda ƙarami fiye da tawagar ta gaba.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |url=https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026143444/https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Adam |date=24 May 2022 |title=Premier League: Top trends revealed for the 2021/22 season |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128184759/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Sun gama a matsayi na biyar a gasar Firimiya a wannan shekarar, kuma sun cancanci gasar UEFA === Masu samar da kayan aiki da masu tallafawa rigar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Kayan Arsenal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527155718/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> !Lokacin !Mai ƙera kayan aiki !Mai tallafawa Shirt (kashin kai) !Mai tallafawa Shirt (wandan hannu) |- |1886–1930 |Ba a san shi ba | rowspan="3" |Babu | rowspan="10" |Babu |- |1930–1970 |Bukta |- |1971–1981 | rowspan="2" |Umbro |- |1981–1986 | rowspan="3" |JVC |- |1986–1994 |[[Adidas]] |- |1994–1999 | rowspan="4" |Nike |- |1999–2002 |Dreamcast Sega<br /> |- |2002–2006 |O2 |- |2006–2014 | rowspan="5" |[[Emirates]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emirates and Arsenal Renew Sponsorship Deal |url=https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714222642/https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=www.emirates.com}}</ref> |- |2014–2018 | rowspan="2" |Puma |- |2018–2019 | rowspan="2 " |Ziyarar Rwanda<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal partner with 'Visit Rwanda' |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802014646/https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2019–2026 | rowspan="3" |[[Adidas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adidas and Arsenal launch new home kit |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701174645/https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |archive-date=1 July 2019 |access-date=1 July 2019 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2026– |Deel, Inc. |- |} == Filin wasa == [[Fayil:Manor_Ground,_Woolwich_Arsenal_vs._Everton.jpg|right|thumb|Manor Ground, Woolwich Arsenal vs. [[Everton FC|Everton]]]] Kafin ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, Arsenal ta taka leda a takaice a Plumstead Common, sannan a Manor Ground a Plumste, sannan ya shafe shekaru uku tsakanin 1890 da 1893 a kusa da Invicta Ground. Bayan shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya koma Manor Ground kuma ya shigar da dakuna da terrace, yana inganta shi daga filin wasa kawai. Arsenal ta ci gaba da buga wasanninsu na gida a can na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa (tare da banbanci biyu a kakar 1894-95), har zuwa lokacin da suka koma arewacin London a 1913. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Simon Inglis}}</ref> An fi sani da Highbury, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] shine gidan kulob din daga Satumba 1913 har zuwa Mayu 2006. Mashahurin masanin ƙwallon ƙafa Archibald Leitch ne ya tsara filin wasan na asali, kuma yana da ƙirar da ta saba da yawancin filin ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa a Burtaniya a lokacin, tare da ɗaki ɗaya da aka rufe da bankunan iska guda uku.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}</ref> An ba da cikakken filin wasan babban gyare-gyare a cikin shekarun 1930: an gina sabon Art Deco West da East, an buɗe shi a cikin 1932 da 1936 bi da bi, kuma an kara rufin zuwa filin Arewacin Bank, wanda aka jefa bam a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma ba a dawo da shi ba har zuwa 1954. <ref name="conservation_plan" /> Highbury na iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 60,000 a mafi girma, kuma yana da damar 57,000 har zuwa farkon shekarun 1990. Rahoton Taylor da ka'idojin Premier League sun tilasta wa Arsenal ta canza Highbury zuwa filin wasa mai cike da kujeru a lokacin kakar 1993-94, don haka rage damar zuwa masu kallo 38,419 da ke zaune.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highbury |url=http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223345/http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |archive-date=11 January 2008 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Dole ne a kara rage wannan damar a lokacin wasannin [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] don karɓar ƙarin allon talla, don haka don lokutan biyu, daga 1998 zuwa 2000, Arsenal ta buga wasannin gida na gasar zakaruna a Wembley, wanda zai iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 70,000. [[Fayil:Arsenal_Stadium_interior_North_Bank.jpg|alt=A grandstand at a sports stadium. The seats are predominantly red.|right|thumb|Gidan Arewacin Bank, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]], Highbury]] An ƙuntata fadada Highbury saboda an sanya Gabashin Gabas a matsayin ginin da aka jera na Grade II kuma sauran uku suna kusa da kadarorin zama.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf "A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Wadannan iyakoki sun hana kulob din kara yawan kudaden shiga a cikin shekarun 1990 da shekaru goma na farko na karni na 21, suna sanya su cikin haɗarin barin su a baya a cikin bunkasar kwallon kafa na wannan lokacin. Bayan la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, a cikin 2000 Arsenal ta ba da shawarar gina sabon filin wasa mai iyawa 60,361 a Ashburton Grove, tun lokacin da ake Filin wasa na Emirates, kimanin mita 500 kudu maso yammacin Highbury. Da farko an jinkirta aikin ne saboda jan tef da hauhawar farashi, kuma an kammala ginin a watan Yulin 2006, a lokacin da za a fara kakar 2006-07. An sanya sunan filin wasan ne bayan masu tallafawa, kamfanin jirgin sama na Emirates, wanda kulob din ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tallafawa mafi girma a tarihin Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila, wanda ya kai kimanin fam miliyan 100. Wasu magoya baya sun kira filin Ashburton Grove, ko Grove, saboda ba su yarda da tallafin kamfanoni na sunayen filin wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawes |first=Brian |year=2006 |title=The 'E' Word |url=http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008060533/http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |archive-date=8 October 2006 |access-date=11 August 2008 |website=Arsenal World |publisher=Footymad}}</ref> Za a san filin wasan a hukumance da filin wasa na Emirates har zuwa akalla 2028, kuma kamfanin jirgin sama zai zama mai tallafawa kulob din har zuwa akasin haka 2024. Tun daga farkon kakar 2010-11 zuwa gaba, an san wuraren wasan a matsayin Bankin Arewa, Gabashin Gabas, Yammacin Yamma da ƙarshen Agogo. Matsayin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa yanzu yana tsaye a 60,704.<ref name="cap2021">{{Cite web |title=Premier League Handbook 2020/21 |url=https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412002820/https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=Premier League |page=4}}</ref>&nbsp;{{Wide image|Emirates Stadium - East stand Club Level.jpg|1367px|A [[panorama]] of the [[Emirates Stadium]] before a match}} == 'Yan wasa == === Kungiyar farko === {{Updated|24 January 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arsenal.com/men/players |title=Squad: Men |publisher=Arsenal F.C. |access-date=1 September 2025}}{{cbignore}}</ref>  == Kididdiga da rikodin == [[Fayil:Thierry_Henry_applauding_2012.jpg|thumb|[[Thierry Henry]] shine mai zira kwallaye na Arsenal, tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa.]] Arsenal ta ƙwallon ƙafa 13 League Championship ita ce na uku mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙwallon Ingila, bayan Liverpool (20) da Manchester United (20), <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=28 August 2009 |title=England&nbsp;– List of Champions |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730154323/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> kuma su ne kulob na farko da ya kai na bakwai da na takwas League Championship. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2020, suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi bakwai, sauran su ne Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], Manchester City, Leicester City da Liverpool, waɗanda suka lashe gasar Firimiya tun lokacin da aka kafa ta acikin shekarar 1992. <ref name=":8" /> Suna riƙe da mafi yawan kyaututtuka na FA Cup, tare da 14.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=12 June 2009 |title=England FA Challenge Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engcuphist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113115049/http://rsssf.com/tablese/engcuphist.html |archive-date=13 January 2010 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Kungiyar tana ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi shida kawai da suka lashe kofin FA Sau biyu a jere, a 2002 da 2003, da 2014 da 2015.<ref name=":7" /> Arsenal ta samu nasarar League da FA Cup "Doubles" sau uku (acikin shekara ta 1971, 1998 da 2002), wani abin da Manchester United ta samu a baya (a 1994, 1996 da 1999). <ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=https://www.fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106003337/http://fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |archive-date=6 November 2009 |access-date=23 October 2009 |website=Football Club History Database |publisher=Richard Rundle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stokkermans |first=Karel |date=24 September 2009 |title=Doing the Double: Countrywise Records |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126184235/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |archive-date=26 November 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Sun kasance rukuni na farko a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila don kammala FA Cup da League Cup sau biyu, a 1993. Arsenal kuma ita ce kulob din farko na London da ta kai wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA, acikin shekara ta 2006, inda ta sha kashi 2-1 a [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal Football Club |url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913103452/http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |archive-date=13 September 2008 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> Arsenal tana da daya daga cikin mafi kyawun rikodin jirgin sama a tarihi, bayan sun gama ƙasa da goma sha huɗu sau bakwai kawai. Sun lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, kuma sun tara maki na biyu mafi yawa, <ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPietarinen2017">Pietarinen, Heikki (24 August 2017). </cite></ref> ko an lissafa su da maki biyu a kowace nasara <ref name="All Time Table">{{Cite web |title=English Premier League : Full All Time Table |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320225558/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |archive-date=20 March 2017 |access-date=21 January 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> ko kuma da darajar maki na zamani. Sun kasance a cikin saman jirgin sama na mafi yawan lokutan jere (98 kamar yadda 2023-24). <ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref><ref name="All-time Arsenal">{{Cite web |last=James |first=Josh |date=18 June 2013 |title=All-time Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622042610/https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seasons Spent in the Top Flight of English Football by Clubs from 1888–89 to 2023–24 |url=https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209052735/https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=My Football Facts}}</ref> Har ila yau, Arsenal tana da matsayi mafi girma a cikin karni na 20, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 8.5. Arsenal tana riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo na wasannin League da ba a ci ba (49 tsakanin Mayu 2003 da Oktoba 2004). Wannan ya hada da dukkan wasannin 38 na nasarar da suka samu a kakar 2003-04, lokacin da Arsenal ta zama kulob na biyu da ta kammala yakin neman zabe ba tare da an ci nasara ba, bayan Preston North End (wanda ya buga wasanni 22 kawai) a 1888-89.<ref name="49 Unbeaten">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title=49 Unbeaten |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010642/https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Har ila yau, suna riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo a saman jirgin sama.<ref name="EPL Records">{{Cite web |title=Records |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107021729/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |archive-date=7 November 2011 |access-date=22 March 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta kafa rikodin gasar zakarun Turai a lokacin kakar 2005-06 ta hanyar buga wasanni goma ba tare da ba da kwallo ba, ta doke mafi kyawun bakwai da AC Milan ta kafa. Sun tafi jimlar rikodin minti 995 ba tare da barin abokin hamayyar ya ci kwallo ba; tseren ya ƙare a wasan karshe, lokacin da [[Samuel Eto'o]] ya zira kwallaye 76 na Barcelona.&nbsp; David O'Leary yana da rikodin bayyanar Arsenal, bayan ya buga wasanni 722 na farko tsakanin 1975 da 1993. Rabin tsakiya kuma tsohon kyaftin din [[Tony Adams]] ya zo na biyu, bayan ya buga sau 669. David Seaman ne ke riƙe da rikodin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]], tare da bayyanar 564. <ref name="clubrecords">{{Cite web |title=Club Records |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905054109/http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [[Thierry Henry]] shine babban mai zira kwallaye a kulob din tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa tsakanin 1999 da 2012; ya wuce jimlar Ian Wright na 185 a watan Oktoba 2005. Rubuce-rubucen Wright sun tsaya tun watan Satumbar 1997, lokacin da ya wuce jimlar kwallaye 178 da mai tsaron gida Cliff Bastin ya kafa a shekarar 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Rupert |title=Arsenal vs Bolton. 13/0<!-- no format change -->9/97 |url=http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008220109/http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Arseweb}}</ref> Henry kuma yana da rikodin kulob din don burin da aka zira a League, tare da 175, rikodin da Bastin ya rike har zuwa Fabrairu 2006. <ref name="henry" /> Declan Rice yana riƙe da farashin sa hannu na Arsenal bayan an kammala yarjejeniya da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a watan Yulin 2023, don £ 100 miliyan na farko. Wannan ya wuce tsohon rikodin na fam miliyan 72 ga [[Nicolas Pépé|Nicolas Pepe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2023 |title=Declan Rice: Arsenal sign England midfielder from West Ham in club-record £105m deal |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/12913870/declan-rice-arsenal-sign-england-midfielder-from-west-ham-in-club-record-lb105m-deal |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> == Daraja == Arsenal ta lashe kyautar azurfa ta farko a matsayin Royal Arsenal a shekara ta 1890. Kofin Kent Junior, wanda Royal Arsenal ta lashe, shine Kofin FA na kulob din, yayin da kofin farko ya zo makonni uku bayan haka lokacin da suka lashe kofin Kent Senior . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=The History of Arsenal (AISA Arsenal History Society)}}</ref><ref name="aftlu">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |title=Arsenal first team line ups |url=http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715102949/http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |archive-date=15 July 2016 |access-date=15 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> Babban girmamawa na farko na kasa ya zo ne a 1930, lokacin da suka lashe Kofin FA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2007 |title=GGM 36: Arsenal win their first major trophy |url=http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185120/http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Kungiyar ta ci gaba da samun nasara a cikin shekarun 1930, inda ta lashe kofin FA da kuma gasar kwallon kafa ta farko guda biyar. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 "125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1936–1940 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930230223/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun farko da kofin sau biyu acikin kakar 1970-71 kuma sau biyu ta sake maimaita wannan, a 1997-98 da 2001-02, tare da lashe kofin sau uku na FA Cup da League Cup a 1992-93. Shekarar 2003-04 ita ce kawai kakar wasanni 38 da ba a ci nasara ba a tarihin kwallon kafa na Ingila. An ba da izinin zinare na musamman na gasar Firimiya kuma an gabatar da shi ga kulob din a kakar wasa mai zuwa. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" |+Kyautar Arsenal FC ! style="width: 1%;" |Irin wannan ! style="width: 5%;" |Gasar ! style="width: 1%;" |Takardun sarauta ! style="width: 21%;" |Lokaci |- | rowspan="5" scope="rowgroup" |'''A cikin gida''' ! scope="row" |Sashe na Farko / Premier League{{Efn|Upon its formation in 1992, the [[Premier League]] became the top tier of [[Football in England|English football]]; the [[English Football League|Football League]] [[Football League First Division|First]] and [[Football League Second Division|Second Divisions]] then became the second and third tiers, respectively. From 2004, the First Division became the [[EFL Championship|Championship]] and the Second Division became [[EFL League One|League One]].}} |13 | align="left" |1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin FA | style="background-color:gold" |'''14''' | align="left" |1929–30, 1935–36, 1949–50, 1970–71, 1978–79, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2019–20 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin EFL{{Efn|Until 2016, the unsponsored name of the EFL Cup was the Football League Cup.}} |2 | align="left" |1986–87, 1992–93 |- ! scope="row" |Garkuwar Jama'a ta FA{{Efn|Until 2002, the FA Community Shield was known as the FA Charity Shield.}} |17 | align="left" |1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1991, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2023 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa | style="background-color:gold" |'''1''' | align="left" |1988 |- | rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup" |'''Yankin nahiyar''' ! scope="row" |Kofin Masu Gasar Cin Kofin UEFA |1 | align="left" |1993–94 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci |1 | align="left" |1969–70 |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> i0wl6s6c4h73hnmq1z0p2qc3waaw5ym 888025 888021 2026-07-27T09:17:40Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888025 wikitext text/x-wiki Ề{{Mukala mai kyau}}{{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar [[ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Arsenal''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙwararrun [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] da ke zaune a Islington, Arewacin London, Ingila. Suna fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], matakin farko na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida, Arsenal ta lashe lambobin league 13 (ciki har da lambar yabo guda ɗaya da ba a ci ba), rikodin Kofin FA 14, Kofin League 2, 17 FA Community Shields da kuma Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. A cikin Kwallon ƙafa na Turai, sun lashe kofin Turai guda ɗaya da kuma kofin Inter-Cities Fairs guda ɗaya. Dangane da kyaututtuka da aka samu, ita ce kulob na uku mafi nasara a kwallon kafa na Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal FC – history, facts and records |url=https://www.footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925230002/https://footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=footballhistory.org}}</ref> Arsenal ita ce kulob din farko daga kudancin Ingila da ta shiga gasar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1893, a hukumance ta shiga ƙungiyar farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Arsenal tana ɗaukar matsayi mafi tsawo a cikin rukunin farko (sama da shekaru 105 da ƙidaya) kuma ta kammala karni na 20 tare da matsayi mafi girma na kowane kulob.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a tarihin kwallon kafa na Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1930, Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun League biyar da kofin FA guda biyu, tare da wani kofin FA da wasu kofin biyu da suka zo bayan yakin. A cikin shekara ta 1970-zuwa ciki shekara ta 1971, ta lashe gasar League da FA Cup sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1989 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2005, kulob din ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai biyar da kofin FA guda biyar, ciki har da karin sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1998 da 2017, Arsenal ta cancanci [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] don rikodin kwallon kafa na Ingila na shekaru goma sha tara a jere.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dawson |first=Alan |title=Here's how much money Arsenal has lost after failing to qualify for the Champions League |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417140419/https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1886, ma'aikatan makamai a Royal Arsenal a Woolwich sun kafa kulob din a matsayin Dial Square . A shekara ta 1913, kulob din ya it birnin zuwa [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury, ya zama makwabta na kusa da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], don haka ya haifar da wasan derby na Arewacin London. Herbert Chapman ya lashe kulob din azurfa na farko, kuma abin da ya bari ya ba da damar yin amfani da ganima a cikin shekarun 1930. Ya taimaka wajen gabatar da tsarin WM, fitilu, da Lambobin rigar; <ref name="Herbert Chapman Hall of Fame">{{Cite web |title=Herbert Chapman |url=http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418113836/http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |archive-date=18 April 2016 |access-date=20 March 2016 |publisher=National Football Museum}}</ref> ya kuma kara fararen hannayen hannu da ja mai haske ga rigar kulob din. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711145624/http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=11 July 2020 |access-date=11 July 2020 |website= |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> Arsène Wenger shine kocin kulob din da ya fi dadewa kuma ya lashe mafi yawan kyaututtuka. Ya lashe kofin FA guda bakwai, kuma tawagarsa ta uku kuma ta karshe da ta lashe lambar yabo ta kafa rikodin Ingila don mafi tsawo acikin wasanni 49 tsakanin shekara ta 2003 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2004, yana karɓar laƙabi The Invincibles . Acikin shekara ta 2006, kulob din ya koma Filin wasa na Emirates da ke kusa. Tare da kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na £ 616.6m a cikin kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2023-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-28 |title=Financial Results |url=https://www.arsenal.com/the-club/corporate-info/arsenal-holdings-financial-results |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Financial Results |language=en}}</ref> ''Forbes'' ta kiyasta Arsenal ta kai dala biliyan 3.4, yana mai da ita kulob din kwallon kafa na takwas mafi daraja a duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal on the Forbes Soccer Team Valuations List |url=https://www.forbes.com/teams/arsenal/ |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> yayin da kuma kasancewa daya daga cikin kungiyoyin wasanni da aka fi bi a duniya a kan [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]]. Taken kulob din shine ''Victoria Concordia Crescit'', Latin don "Victory Through Harmony". == Tarihi == === 1886-1912: Dial Square zuwa Royal Arsenal === [[Fayil:Arsenal_1888_squad_photo.jpg|thumb|Royal Arsenal tawaga ne a cikin shekara ta 1888. Kyaftin din asali David Danskin yana zaune a hannun dama na benci.]] Acikin watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1886, dan kasar Scotland David Danskin da abokan aikin makamai goma sha biyar a Woolwich sun kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dial Square, mai suna bayan wani bita a tsakiyar Royal Arsenal. Kowane memba ya ba da gudummawa shida, kuma Danskin ya kara shillings uku don taimakawa wajen kafa kulob din.<ref name="dialsquare">{{Cite web |title='Royal Arsenal' formed in Woolwich |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725142641/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=2 November 2018 |website=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [bayanin 1] Dial Square ta buga wasan farko a ranar 11 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1886 a kan Eastern Wanderers kuma ta ci 6-0. An sake sunan kulob din Royal Arsenal acikin watan Janairun shekara ta 1887,<ref name="Royal Arsenal name">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=13 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Royal Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501065626/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-date=1 May 2015 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> kuma gidansa na farko shine Plumstead Common, kodayake sun shafe mafi yawan lokutan su suna wasa a Manor Ground.{{Sfn|Masters|1995}} Kyaututtuka na farko da suka samu sune Kent Senior Cup da London Charity Cup acikin shekara ta 1889-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1890 da London Senior Cup acikin shekara ta 1890-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1891; waɗannan su ne kawai kyaututtuka da Arsenal ta samu a lokacin da suke a Kudu maso Gabashin London.<ref name="FirstCountyCup">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=7 March 2012 |title=121 Years ago today – Royal Arsenal's last trophy " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605041507/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1891, Royal Arsenal ya zama kulob din farko na London da ya zama kwararre.<ref name="TurnProfessional">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=9 May 2017 |title=Royal Arsenal FC Turn Professional – The Truth |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923114343/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |access-date=23 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> An sake sunan Royal Arsenal a karo na biyu bayan ya zama kamfani mai iyaka a cikin shekara ta 1893. Sun yi rajistar sabon sunansu, Woolwich Arsenal, tare da Kungiyar kwallon kafa lokacin da kulob din ya hau daga baya a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly I |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=20 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Woolwich Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205024313/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> : 5-21 Woolwich Arsenal ita ce ta farko a kudancin kungiyar kwallon kafa, ta fara ne a rukuni na biyu kuma ta kai rukuni na farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Rashin halartar taron, saboda matsalolin kudi tsakanin ma'aikatan makamai da isowar kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da suka fi dacewa a wasu wurare a cikin birni, ya jagoranci kulob din kusa da fatarar kuɗi acikin shekara ta 1910. <ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Sally |date=December 2007 |title=Woolwich Arsenal 1910 – the arrival of Hall and Norris |url=http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410074122/http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-date=10 April 2016 |access-date=11 July 2016 |website=wrightanddavis.co.uk}}</ref> : 112-149 'Yan kasuwa Henry Norris da William Hall sun shiga cikin kulob din, kuma sun nemi su motsa su zuwa wani wuri.<ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=12 April 2017 |title=Did Henry Norris Really Buy Arsenal? |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422072349/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=24 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> ===A shekara 1912 zuwa 1925: Bankin Ingila kulob din === Acikin shekara ta 1913, ba da daɗewa ba bayan sake komawa zuwa Sashe na Biyu, kulob din ya koma haye kogi zuwa sabon [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury.<ref name="Kay">{{Cite journal |last=Kay |first=Joyce |year=2008 |title=It Wasn't Just Emily Davison! Sport, Suffrage and Society in Edwardian Britain |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360802212271 |url-status=live |journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport |volume=25 |issue=10 |pages=1343–1346 |doi=10.1080/09523360802212271 |issn=0952-3367 |s2cid=154063364 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917130504/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09523360802212271 |archive-date=17 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2021 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Club moves from Woolwich to Highbury |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927195634/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |archive-date=27 September 2021 |access-date=27 September 2021 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1919, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta kada kuri'a don inganta Arsenal, maimakon masu adawa da gida [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], a cikin sabon rukunin farko, duk da kammala na biyar a cikin rukunin na biyu na karshe kafin yakin da akayi acikin shekara ta 1914-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1915. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Arsenal ta fara sauke "The" a cikin takardun hukuma, a hankali ta sauya sunanta a karo na karshe zuwa Arsenal, kamar yadda aka fi sani a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=30 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Arsenal F.C. |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806204052/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-date=6 August 2015 |access-date=12 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> [[Fayil:Herbert_Chapman_bust_20050922.jpg|right|thumb|Wani tagulla na Herbert Chapman yana tsaye a cikin Filin wasa na Emirates.]] === 1925-1934: Gunners na Herbert Chapman === Yanayin Arsenal da kuma kyautar albashin da aka bayar ya ja hankalin tauraruwar Huddersfield Town Herbert Chapman acikin shekarar 1925. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, Chapman ya gina sabon Arsenal na juyin juya hali. Da farko, ya nada sabon mai horar da shi, Tom Whittaker wanda wata rana zai tashi ya zama sanannen manajan Arsenal da kansa.{{Sfn|Whittaker|Peskett|1957}} Tare da taimakon mai kunnawa Charlie Buchan, ya aiwatar da tsarin WM wanda zai zama tushen tushe ga kayan aikinsa.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Charlie Buchan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last3=Jonathan Wilson (writer)}}</ref> Ya kuma kama matasa masu basira kamar Cliff Bastin da Eddie Hapgood, yayin da yake ba da babbar kudin shiga ta Highbury a kan taurari kamar David Jack da Alex James. === 1934-1947: Shaw, Allison da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === Mutuwar Chapman tana nufin aikin ya bar wa abokan aikinsa Joe Shaw da George Allison, tare da dukansu sun tabbatar da kasancewa masu basira da cikakkun masu kula da ƙungiyar Chapman ta Arsenal, suna ganin hat-trick na nasarar league tare da lakabi na cikin shekara ta 1933-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1934,sannan acikin shekara ta 1934-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1935, da kuma acikin shekara ta kofin fA hakan tafaru ne acikin shekara ta 1937-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1938, sannan kuma sun ci gaba lashe Kofin FA na cikin shekara ta 1936. <ref>{{Cite webda |title=Joe Shaw |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722210145/http://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |archive-date=22 July 2017 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=George Allison |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128085228/https://www.spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> === 1947-1962: Gunners na Tom Whittaker === Duk da wannan lokacin tashin hankali da rikici, Arsenal ta dawo don lashe gasar a karo na biyu bayan yakin da akayi acikin shekara ta 1947-zuwa cikin shakara ta 1948. Wannan shine kakar wasa ta farko ta Tom Whittaker a matsayin kocin, kuma yana nufin kulob din ya daidaita da rikodin zakaran Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref> Whittaker, duk da halin da yake da shi na tawali'u da tawali'unsa, ana kiransa "ƙwaƙwalwa" a bayan sanannen kungiyar Arsenal ta Chapman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Whittaker |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422190134/https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |archive-date=22 April 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2015 |title=How did Tom Whittaker get Chapman to believe in him, and other anniversaries – The History of Arsenal |url=https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923022652/https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tara ƙungiyar Arsenal mai cin nasara kuma mai ƙwarewa sosai duk da ƙarancin albarkatu, tare da salon wuta da faɗaɗa wanda ya haifar da babbar murya a lokacin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> === 1962-1984: Billy Wright, Bertie Mee da Terry Neill === [[Fayil:Alan_Ball_and_Bertie_Mee.png|thumb|Alan Ball (hagu) da Bertie Mee (wanda ya jagoranci Arsenal zuwa sau biyu na farko acikin shekara ta 1971), wanda aka zana acikin shekara ta 1972]] Arsenal ba za ta lashe League ko FA Cup ba har tsawon shekaru 18. Kungiyar '53 Champions ta tsufa, kuma kulob din ya kasa jawo hankalin masu karfi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post-War Arsenal&nbsp;– Overview |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302080424/http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |archive-date=2 March 2009 |access-date=27 November 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Kodayake Arsenal sun kasance masu gasa a cikin waɗannan shekarun, dukiyarsu ta ragu; kulob din ya shafe mafi yawan shekarun cikin shekara ta 1950 da 1960 a tsakiyar tebur.{{Sfn|Sowman|Wilson|2016}} Ko da tsohon kyaftin din Ingila Billy Wright bai iya kawo kulob din wani nasara ba a matsayin kocin, a cikin wani lokaci tsakanin shekara ta 1962 dakuma cikin shakara ta 1966. === 1984-1996: Arsenal na George Graham === [[Fayil:Tony_Adams_Statue.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton [[Tony Adams]] a waje da Filin wasa na Emirates]] Ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara sau biyu na Mee, George Graham, ya dawo a matsayin kocin a 1986, tare da Arsenal ta lashe kofin League na farko acikin shekara ta 1987, kakar farko ta Graham a matsayin mai kula. Sabbin sa hannu Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon da Steve Bould sun shiga kulob din acikin shekarar 1988 don kammala "mashahurin Back Four", karkashin jagorancin dan wasan gida [[Tony Adams]]. [bayanin 3] Ka'idar Graham na ba da fifiko ga ƙwarewar tsaro da alama ta yi karo da al'adun gargajiya na kulob din a kusa da kwallon kafa, kuma mutane da yawa suna da shakku ko zai yi aiki tare da matasa a kulob din din a wannan lokacin; duk da haka, hanyoyinsa da sauri sun sami addini bayan nasarorin farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2017 |title=Graham's Glory Years |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611174653/https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |archive-date=11 June 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Graham's Glory Years}}</ref> === 1996-2018: Shekaru na Arsene Wenger === [[Fayil:GoldInvinciblesTrophy.jpg|alt=|thumb|Bayan kammala kakar Premier League guda daya da ba a ci nasara ba, an ba da kyautar zinare ta musamman ga Arsenal.]] Kungiyar ta canza a lokacin mulkin kocin Faransa Arsène Wenger, wanda aka nada a watan Oktoban shekara ta 1996. Harin kwallon kafa, sake fasalin abinci da ayyukan motsa jiki, da kuma ƙwararrun 'yan kallo [bayanin 5] sun bayyana mulkinsa. Tattara manyan 'yan wasa daga [[Faransa|ƙasarsu]] Wenger, kamar [[Patrick Vieira]] da [[Thierry Henry]], Arsenal ta lashe gasar League da Kofin sau biyu ne acikin shekara ta 1997-98 da na uku acikin shekara ta 2001-02. Bugu da kari, kulob din ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 1999-zuwa ciki shekara ta 2000, sun ci nasara a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 2003 da 2005, kuma sun lashe gasar Firimiya a 2003-04 ba tare da rasa wasa daya ba, nasarar da ta ba kungiyar sunan laƙabi "The Invincibles". Wannan nasarar ta zo ne a cikin wasanni 49 da ba a ci nasara ba daga 7 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2003 zuwa ranar 24 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2004, rikodin ƙasa. === 2018-yanzu: Juyin halitta na bayan Wenger === Bayan gudanar da gyare-gyare a cikin tsarin aiki na kulob din don ya dace da tashiwar Wenger, an kira Mutanen Espanya [[Unai Emery]] a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din a ranar 23 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2018. Ya zama 'kocin kocin' na farko da kuma kocin na biyu daga wajen Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unai Emery announced as new Arsenal head coach |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041448/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |archive-date=26 May 2018 |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2023 |title=Welcome Unai |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523102932/https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |archive-date=23 May 2018 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta farko ta Emery, Arsenal ta kammala ta biyar a gasar Firimiya kuma a matsayin ta biyu a gasar Europa League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League Tables 2018/19 |url=https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217125722/https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=Premier League}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2019 |title=Chelsea win the 2019 UEFA Europa League |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0251-0e9ce2d466b4-6403225af104-1000--chelsea-win-the-2019-uefa-europa-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215024306/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2604835.html |archive-date=15 December 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2019, an sallami Emery a matsayin kocin kuma tsohon dan wasa da mataimakin kocin tawagar farko [[Freddie Ljungberg]] an nada shi a matsayin koci na wucin gadi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=Arsenal sack Emery after worst run in 27 years |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129155717/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |archive-date=29 November 2019 |access-date=29 November 2019 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, Arsenal ta nada tsohon kyaftin din kulob din [[Mikel Arteta]] a matsayin sabon kocin. Arsenal ta gama acikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin shakara ta 2020 a matsayi na takwas, mafi ƙasƙanci tun daga cikin shakara ta 1994-zuwa cikin shakara ta 1995, amma ya doke Chelsea 2-1-1 don samun nasarar cin Kofin FA na 14 . Bayan kakar, an canza taken Arteta daga kocin zuwa manajan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020 |title=Arsenal change Arteta role as part of restructure |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114085210/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2021, an sanar da Arsenal a matsayin kulob din da ya kafa gasar Turai mai suna The Super League; sun janye daga gasar kwana biyu bayan haka a cikin kuskuren duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Super League |url=https://thesuperleague.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418235123/https://www.thesuperleague.com/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=thesuperleague.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta gama kakar ne acikin shekara ta 2020-har zuwa cikin shakara ta 2021 a matsayi na takwas kuma, ba ta cancanci gasar Turai ba a karo na farko cikin shekaru 26.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title=Arsenal fails to qualify for Europe for 1st time in 25 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209191234/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Acikin kakar bayan (2021-22), Arteta ta tara ƙaramin rukuni a gasar Firimiya tare da matsakaicin shekaru 24 da kwanaki 308 - fiye da shekara guda ƙarami fiye da tawagar ta gaba.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |url=https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026143444/https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Adam |date=24 May 2022 |title=Premier League: Top trends revealed for the 2021/22 season |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128184759/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Sun gama a matsayi na biyar a gasar Firimiya a wannan shekarar, kuma sun cancanci gasar UEFA === Masu samar da kayan aiki da masu tallafawa rigar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Kayan Arsenal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527155718/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> !Lokacin !Mai ƙera kayan aiki !Mai tallafawa Shirt (kashin kai) !Mai tallafawa Shirt (wandan hannu) |- |1886–1930 |Ba a san shi ba | rowspan="3" |Babu | rowspan="10" |Babu |- |1930–1970 |Bukta |- |1971–1981 | rowspan="2" |Umbro |- |1981–1986 | rowspan="3" |JVC |- |1986–1994 |[[Adidas]] |- |1994–1999 | rowspan="4" |Nike |- |1999–2002 |Dreamcast Sega<br /> |- |2002–2006 |O2 |- |2006–2014 | rowspan="5" |[[Emirates]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emirates and Arsenal Renew Sponsorship Deal |url=https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714222642/https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=www.emirates.com}}</ref> |- |2014–2018 | rowspan="2" |Puma |- |2018–2019 | rowspan="2 " |Ziyarar Rwanda<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal partner with 'Visit Rwanda' |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802014646/https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2019–2026 | rowspan="3" |[[Adidas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adidas and Arsenal launch new home kit |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701174645/https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |archive-date=1 July 2019 |access-date=1 July 2019 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2026– |Deel, Inc. |- |} == Filin wasa == [[Fayil:Manor_Ground,_Woolwich_Arsenal_vs._Everton.jpg|right|thumb|Manor Ground, Woolwich Arsenal vs. [[Everton FC|Everton]]]] Kafin ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, Arsenal ta taka leda a takaice a Plumstead Common, sannan a Manor Ground a Plumste, sannan ya shafe shekaru uku tsakanin 1890 da 1893 a kusa da Invicta Ground. Bayan shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya koma Manor Ground kuma ya shigar da dakuna da terrace, yana inganta shi daga filin wasa kawai. Arsenal ta ci gaba da buga wasanninsu na gida a can na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa (tare da banbanci biyu a kakar 1894-95), har zuwa lokacin da suka koma arewacin London a 1913. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Simon Inglis}}</ref> An fi sani da Highbury, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] shine gidan kulob din daga Satumba 1913 har zuwa Mayu 2006. Mashahurin masanin ƙwallon ƙafa Archibald Leitch ne ya tsara filin wasan na asali, kuma yana da ƙirar da ta saba da yawancin filin ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa a Burtaniya a lokacin, tare da ɗaki ɗaya da aka rufe da bankunan iska guda uku.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}</ref> An ba da cikakken filin wasan babban gyare-gyare a cikin shekarun 1930: an gina sabon Art Deco West da East, an buɗe shi a cikin 1932 da 1936 bi da bi, kuma an kara rufin zuwa filin Arewacin Bank, wanda aka jefa bam a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma ba a dawo da shi ba har zuwa 1954. <ref name="conservation_plan" /> Highbury na iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 60,000 a mafi girma, kuma yana da damar 57,000 har zuwa farkon shekarun 1990. Rahoton Taylor da ka'idojin Premier League sun tilasta wa Arsenal ta canza Highbury zuwa filin wasa mai cike da kujeru a lokacin kakar 1993-94, don haka rage damar zuwa masu kallo 38,419 da ke zaune.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highbury |url=http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223345/http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |archive-date=11 January 2008 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Dole ne a kara rage wannan damar a lokacin wasannin [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] don karɓar ƙarin allon talla, don haka don lokutan biyu, daga 1998 zuwa 2000, Arsenal ta buga wasannin gida na gasar zakaruna a Wembley, wanda zai iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 70,000. [[Fayil:Arsenal_Stadium_interior_North_Bank.jpg|alt=A grandstand at a sports stadium. The seats are predominantly red.|right|thumb|Gidan Arewacin Bank, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]], Highbury]] An ƙuntata fadada Highbury saboda an sanya Gabashin Gabas a matsayin ginin da aka jera na Grade II kuma sauran uku suna kusa da kadarorin zama.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf "A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Wadannan iyakoki sun hana kulob din kara yawan kudaden shiga a cikin shekarun 1990 da shekaru goma na farko na karni na 21, suna sanya su cikin haɗarin barin su a baya a cikin bunkasar kwallon kafa na wannan lokacin. Bayan la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, a cikin 2000 Arsenal ta ba da shawarar gina sabon filin wasa mai iyawa 60,361 a Ashburton Grove, tun lokacin da ake Filin wasa na Emirates, kimanin mita 500 kudu maso yammacin Highbury. Da farko an jinkirta aikin ne saboda jan tef da hauhawar farashi, kuma an kammala ginin a watan Yulin 2006, a lokacin da za a fara kakar 2006-07. An sanya sunan filin wasan ne bayan masu tallafawa, kamfanin jirgin sama na Emirates, wanda kulob din ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tallafawa mafi girma a tarihin Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila, wanda ya kai kimanin fam miliyan 100. Wasu magoya baya sun kira filin Ashburton Grove, ko Grove, saboda ba su yarda da tallafin kamfanoni na sunayen filin wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawes |first=Brian |year=2006 |title=The 'E' Word |url=http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008060533/http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |archive-date=8 October 2006 |access-date=11 August 2008 |website=Arsenal World |publisher=Footymad}}</ref> Za a san filin wasan a hukumance da filin wasa na Emirates har zuwa akalla 2028, kuma kamfanin jirgin sama zai zama mai tallafawa kulob din har zuwa akasin haka 2024. Tun daga farkon kakar 2010-11 zuwa gaba, an san wuraren wasan a matsayin Bankin Arewa, Gabashin Gabas, Yammacin Yamma da ƙarshen Agogo. Matsayin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa yanzu yana tsaye a 60,704.<ref name="cap2021">{{Cite web |title=Premier League Handbook 2020/21 |url=https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412002820/https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=Premier League |page=4}}</ref>&nbsp;{{Wide image|Emirates Stadium - East stand Club Level.jpg|1367px|A [[panorama]] of the [[Emirates Stadium]] before a match}} == 'Yan wasa == === Kungiyar farko === {{Updated|24 January 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arsenal.com/men/players |title=Squad: Men |publisher=Arsenal F.C. |access-date=1 September 2025}}{{cbignore}}</ref>  == Kididdiga da rikodin == [[Fayil:Thierry_Henry_applauding_2012.jpg|thumb|[[Thierry Henry]] shine mai zira kwallaye na Arsenal, tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa.]] Arsenal ta ƙwallon ƙafa 13 League Championship ita ce na uku mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙwallon Ingila, bayan Liverpool (20) da Manchester United (20), <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=28 August 2009 |title=England&nbsp;– List of Champions |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730154323/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> kuma su ne kulob na farko da ya kai na bakwai da na takwas League Championship. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2020, suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi bakwai, sauran su ne Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], Manchester City, Leicester City da Liverpool, waɗanda suka lashe gasar Firimiya tun lokacin da aka kafa ta acikin shekarar 1992. <ref name=":8" /> Suna riƙe da mafi yawan kyaututtuka na FA Cup, tare da 14.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=12 June 2009 |title=England FA Challenge Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engcuphist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113115049/http://rsssf.com/tablese/engcuphist.html |archive-date=13 January 2010 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Kungiyar tana ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi shida kawai da suka lashe kofin FA Sau biyu a jere, a 2002 da 2003, da 2014 da 2015.<ref name=":7" /> Arsenal ta samu nasarar League da FA Cup "Doubles" sau uku (acikin shekara ta 1971, 1998 da 2002), wani abin da Manchester United ta samu a baya (a 1994, 1996 da 1999). <ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=https://www.fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106003337/http://fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |archive-date=6 November 2009 |access-date=23 October 2009 |website=Football Club History Database |publisher=Richard Rundle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stokkermans |first=Karel |date=24 September 2009 |title=Doing the Double: Countrywise Records |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126184235/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |archive-date=26 November 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Sun kasance rukuni na farko a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila don kammala FA Cup da League Cup sau biyu, a 1993. Arsenal kuma ita ce kulob din farko na London da ta kai wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA, acikin shekara ta 2006, inda ta sha kashi 2-1 a [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal Football Club |url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913103452/http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |archive-date=13 September 2008 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> Arsenal tana da daya daga cikin mafi kyawun rikodin jirgin sama a tarihi, bayan sun gama ƙasa da goma sha huɗu sau bakwai kawai. Sun lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, kuma sun tara maki na biyu mafi yawa, <ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPietarinen2017">Pietarinen, Heikki (24 August 2017). </cite></ref> ko an lissafa su da maki biyu a kowace nasara <ref name="All Time Table">{{Cite web |title=English Premier League : Full All Time Table |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320225558/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |archive-date=20 March 2017 |access-date=21 January 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> ko kuma da darajar maki na zamani. Sun kasance a cikin saman jirgin sama na mafi yawan lokutan jere (98 kamar yadda 2023-24). <ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref><ref name="All-time Arsenal">{{Cite web |last=James |first=Josh |date=18 June 2013 |title=All-time Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622042610/https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seasons Spent in the Top Flight of English Football by Clubs from 1888–89 to 2023–24 |url=https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209052735/https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=My Football Facts}}</ref> Har ila yau, Arsenal tana da matsayi mafi girma a cikin karni na 20, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 8.5. Arsenal tana riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo na wasannin League da ba a ci ba (49 tsakanin Mayu 2003 da Oktoba 2004). Wannan ya hada da dukkan wasannin 38 na nasarar da suka samu a kakar 2003-04, lokacin da Arsenal ta zama kulob na biyu da ta kammala yakin neman zabe ba tare da an ci nasara ba, bayan Preston North End (wanda ya buga wasanni 22 kawai) a 1888-89.<ref name="49 Unbeaten">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title=49 Unbeaten |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010642/https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Har ila yau, suna riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo a saman jirgin sama.<ref name="EPL Records">{{Cite web |title=Records |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107021729/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |archive-date=7 November 2011 |access-date=22 March 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta kafa rikodin gasar zakarun Turai a lokacin kakar 2005-06 ta hanyar buga wasanni goma ba tare da ba da kwallo ba, ta doke mafi kyawun bakwai da AC Milan ta kafa. Sun tafi jimlar rikodin minti 995 ba tare da barin abokin hamayyar ya ci kwallo ba; tseren ya ƙare a wasan karshe, lokacin da [[Samuel Eto'o]] ya zira kwallaye 76 na Barcelona.&nbsp; David O'Leary yana da rikodin bayyanar Arsenal, bayan ya buga wasanni 722 na farko tsakanin 1975 da 1993. Rabin tsakiya kuma tsohon kyaftin din [[Tony Adams]] ya zo na biyu, bayan ya buga sau 669. David Seaman ne ke riƙe da rikodin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]], tare da bayyanar 564. <ref name="clubrecords">{{Cite web |title=Club Records |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905054109/http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [[Thierry Henry]] shine babban mai zira kwallaye a kulob din tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa tsakanin 1999 da 2012; ya wuce jimlar Ian Wright na 185 a watan Oktoba 2005. Rubuce-rubucen Wright sun tsaya tun watan Satumbar 1997, lokacin da ya wuce jimlar kwallaye 178 da mai tsaron gida Cliff Bastin ya kafa a shekarar 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Rupert |title=Arsenal vs Bolton. 13/0<!-- no format change -->9/97 |url=http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008220109/http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Arseweb}}</ref> Henry kuma yana da rikodin kulob din don burin da aka zira a League, tare da 175, rikodin da Bastin ya rike har zuwa Fabrairu 2006. <ref name="henry" /> Declan Rice yana riƙe da farashin sa hannu na Arsenal bayan an kammala yarjejeniya da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a watan Yulin 2023, don £ 100 miliyan na farko. Wannan ya wuce tsohon rikodin na fam miliyan 72 ga [[Nicolas Pépé|Nicolas Pepe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2023 |title=Declan Rice: Arsenal sign England midfielder from West Ham in club-record £105m deal |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/12913870/declan-rice-arsenal-sign-england-midfielder-from-west-ham-in-club-record-lb105m-deal |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> == Daraja == Arsenal ta lashe kyautar azurfa ta farko a matsayin Royal Arsenal a shekara ta 1890. Kofin Kent Junior, wanda Royal Arsenal ta lashe, shine Kofin FA na kulob din, yayin da kofin farko ya zo makonni uku bayan haka lokacin da suka lashe kofin Kent Senior . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=The History of Arsenal (AISA Arsenal History Society)}}</ref><ref name="aftlu">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |title=Arsenal first team line ups |url=http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715102949/http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |archive-date=15 July 2016 |access-date=15 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> Babban girmamawa na farko na kasa ya zo ne a 1930, lokacin da suka lashe Kofin FA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2007 |title=GGM 36: Arsenal win their first major trophy |url=http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185120/http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Kungiyar ta ci gaba da samun nasara a cikin shekarun 1930, inda ta lashe kofin FA da kuma gasar kwallon kafa ta farko guda biyar. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 "125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1936–1940 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930230223/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun farko da kofin sau biyu acikin kakar 1970-71 kuma sau biyu ta sake maimaita wannan, a 1997-98 da 2001-02, tare da lashe kofin sau uku na FA Cup da League Cup a 1992-93. Shekarar 2003-04 ita ce kawai kakar wasanni 38 da ba a ci nasara ba a tarihin kwallon kafa na Ingila. An ba da izinin zinare na musamman na gasar Firimiya kuma an gabatar da shi ga kulob din a kakar wasa mai zuwa. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" |+Kyautar Arsenal FC ! style="width: 1%;" |Irin wannan ! style="width: 5%;" |Gasar ! style="width: 1%;" |Takardun sarauta ! style="width: 21%;" |Lokaci |- | rowspan="5" scope="rowgroup" |'''A cikin gida''' ! scope="row" |Sashe na Farko / Premier League{{Efn|Upon its formation in 1992, the [[Premier League]] became the top tier of [[Football in England|English football]]; the [[English Football League|Football League]] [[Football League First Division|First]] and [[Football League Second Division|Second Divisions]] then became the second and third tiers, respectively. From 2004, the First Division became the [[EFL Championship|Championship]] and the Second Division became [[EFL League One|League One]].}} |13 | align="left" |1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin FA | style="background-color:gold" |'''14''' | align="left" |1929–30, 1935–36, 1949–50, 1970–71, 1978–79, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2019–20 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin EFL{{Efn|Until 2016, the unsponsored name of the EFL Cup was the Football League Cup.}} |2 | align="left" |1986–87, 1992–93 |- ! scope="row" |Garkuwar Jama'a ta FA{{Efn|Until 2002, the FA Community Shield was known as the FA Charity Shield.}} |17 | align="left" |1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1991, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2023 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa | style="background-color:gold" |'''1''' | align="left" |1988 |- | rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup" |'''Yankin nahiyar''' ! scope="row" |Kofin Masu Gasar Cin Kofin UEFA |1 | align="left" |1993–94 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci |1 | align="left" |1969–70 |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> np9amkgwu0rxf2fvgimj1anptmn7aqf 888030 888025 2026-07-27T09:25:33Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888030 wikitext text/x-wiki Ề{{Mukala mai kyau}}{{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar [[ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Arsenal''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙwararrun [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] da ke zaune a Islington, Arewacin London, Ingila. Suna fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], matakin farko na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida, Arsenal ta lashe lambobin league 13 (ciki har da lambar yabo guda ɗaya da ba a ci ba), rikodin Kofin FA 14, Kofin League 2, 17 FA Community Shields da kuma Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. A cikin Kwallon ƙafa na Turai, sun lashe kofin Turai guda ɗaya da kuma kofin Inter-Cities Fairs guda ɗaya. Dangane da kyaututtuka da aka samu, ita ce kulob na uku mafi nasara a kwallon kafa na Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal FC – history, facts and records |url=https://www.footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925230002/https://footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=footballhistory.org}}</ref> Arsenal ita ce kulob din farko daga kudancin Ingila da ta shiga gasar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1893, a hukumance ta shiga ƙungiyar farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Arsenal tana ɗaukar matsayi mafi tsawo a cikin rukunin farko (sama da shekaru 105 da ƙidaya) kuma ta kammala ƙarni na 20 tare da matsayi mafi girma na kowane kulob.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a tarihin kwallon kafa na Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1930, Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun League biyar da kofin FA guda biyu, tare da wani kofin FA da wasu kofin biyu da suka zo bayan yakin. A cikin shekara ta 1970-zuwa ciki shekara ta 1971, ta lashe gasar League da FA Cup sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1989 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2005, kulob din ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai biyar da kofin FA guda biyar, ciki har da karin sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1998 da 2017, Arsenal ta cancanci [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] don rikodin kwallon kafa na Ingila na shekaru goma sha tara a jere.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dawson |first=Alan |title=Here's how much money Arsenal has lost after failing to qualify for the Champions League |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417140419/https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1886, ma'aikatan makamai a Royal Arsenal a Woolwich sun kafa kulob din a matsayin Dial Square . A shekara ta 1913, kulob din ya it birnin zuwa [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury, ya zama makwabta na kusa da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], don haka ya haifar da wasan derby na Arewacin London. Herbert Chapman ya lashe kulob din azurfa na farko, kuma abin da ya bari ya ba da damar yin amfani da ganima a cikin shekarun 1930. Ya taimaka wajen gabatar da tsarin WM, fitilu, da Lambobin rigar; <ref name="Herbert Chapman Hall of Fame">{{Cite web |title=Herbert Chapman |url=http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418113836/http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |archive-date=18 April 2016 |access-date=20 March 2016 |publisher=National Football Museum}}</ref> ya kuma kara fararen hannayen hannu da ja mai haske ga rigar kulob din. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711145624/http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=11 July 2020 |access-date=11 July 2020 |website= |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> Arsène Wenger shine kocin kulob din da ya fi dadewa kuma ya lashe mafi yawan kyaututtuka. Ya lashe kofin FA guda bakwai, kuma tawagarsa ta uku kuma ta karshe da ta lashe lambar yabo ta kafa rikodin Ingila don mafi tsawo acikin wasanni 49 tsakanin shekara ta 2003 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2004, yana karɓar laƙabi The Invincibles . Acikin shekara ta 2006, kulob din ya koma Filin wasa na Emirates da ke kusa. Tare da kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na £ 616.6m a cikin kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2023-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-28 |title=Financial Results |url=https://www.arsenal.com/the-club/corporate-info/arsenal-holdings-financial-results |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Financial Results |language=en}}</ref> ''Forbes'' ta kiyasta Arsenal ta kai dala biliyan 3.4, yana mai da ita kulob din kwallon kafa na takwas mafi daraja a duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal on the Forbes Soccer Team Valuations List |url=https://www.forbes.com/teams/arsenal/ |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> yayin da kuma kasancewa daya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin wasanni da aka fi bi a duniya a kan [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]]. Taken kulob din shine ''Victoria Concordia Crescit'', Latin don "Victory Through Harmony". == Tarihi == === 1886-1912: Dial Square zuwa Royal Arsenal === [[Fayil:Arsenal_1888_squad_photo.jpg|thumb|Royal Arsenal tawaga ne a cikin shekara ta 1888. Kyaftin din asali David Danskin yana zaune a hannun dama na benci.]] Acikin watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1886, dan kasar Scotland David Danskin da abokan aikin makamai goma sha biyar a Woolwich sun kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dial Square, mai suna bayan wani bita a tsakiyar Royal Arsenal. Kowane memba ya ba da gudummawa shida, kuma Danskin ya kara shillings uku don taimakawa wajen kafa kulob din.<ref name="dialsquare">{{Cite web |title='Royal Arsenal' formed in Woolwich |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725142641/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=2 November 2018 |website=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [bayanin 1] Dial Square ta buga wasan farko a ranar 11 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1886 a kan Eastern Wanderers kuma ta ci 6-0. An sake sunan kulob din Royal Arsenal acikin watan Janairun shekara ta 1887,<ref name="Royal Arsenal name">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=13 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Royal Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501065626/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-date=1 May 2015 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> kuma gidansa na farko shi ne Plumstead Common, kodayake sun shafe mafi yawan lokutan su suna wasa a Manor Ground.{{Sfn|Masters|1995}} Kyaututtuka na farko da suka samu sune Kent Senior Cup da London Charity Cup acikin shekara ta 1889-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1890 da London Senior Cup acikin shekara ta 1890-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1891; waɗannan su ne kawai kyaututtuka da Arsenal ta samu a lokacin da suke a Kudu maso Gabashin London.<ref name="FirstCountyCup">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=7 March 2012 |title=121 Years ago today – Royal Arsenal's last trophy " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605041507/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1891, Royal Arsenal ya zama kulob din farko na London da ya zama kwararre.<ref name="TurnProfessional">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=9 May 2017 |title=Royal Arsenal FC Turn Professional – The Truth |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923114343/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |access-date=23 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> An sake sunan Royal Arsenal a karo na biyu bayan ya zama kamfani mai iyaka a cikin shekara ta 1893. Sun yi rajistar sabon sunansu, Woolwich Arsenal, tare da Kungiyar kwallon kafa lokacin da kulob din ya hau daga baya a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly I |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=20 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Woolwich Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205024313/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> : 5-21 Woolwich Arsenal ita ce ta farko a kudancin kungiyar kwallon kafa, ta fara ne a rukuni na biyu kuma ta kai rukuni na farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Rashin halartar taron, saboda matsalolin kudi tsakanin ma'aikatan makamai da isowar kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da suka fi dacewa a wasu wurare a cikin birni, ya jagoranci kulob din kusa da fatarar kuɗi acikin shekara ta 1910. <ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Sally |date=December 2007 |title=Woolwich Arsenal 1910 – the arrival of Hall and Norris |url=http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410074122/http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-date=10 April 2016 |access-date=11 July 2016 |website=wrightanddavis.co.uk}}</ref> : 112-149 'Yan kasuwa Henry Norris da William Hall sun shiga cikin kulob din, kuma sun nemi su motsa su zuwa wani wuri.<ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=12 April 2017 |title=Did Henry Norris Really Buy Arsenal? |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422072349/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=24 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> ===A shekara 1912 zuwa 1925: Bankin Ingila kulob din === Acikin shekara ta 1913, ba da daɗewa ba bayan sake komawa zuwa Sashe na Biyu, kulob din ya koma haye kogi zuwa sabon [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury.<ref name="Kay">{{Cite journal |last=Kay |first=Joyce |year=2008 |title=It Wasn't Just Emily Davison! Sport, Suffrage and Society in Edwardian Britain |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360802212271 |url-status=live |journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport |volume=25 |issue=10 |pages=1343–1346 |doi=10.1080/09523360802212271 |issn=0952-3367 |s2cid=154063364 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917130504/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09523360802212271 |archive-date=17 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2021 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Club moves from Woolwich to Highbury |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927195634/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |archive-date=27 September 2021 |access-date=27 September 2021 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1919, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta kada kuri'a don inganta Arsenal, maimakon masu adawa da gida [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], a cikin sabon rukunin farko, duk da kammala na biyar a cikin rukunin na biyu na karshe kafin yakin da akayi acikin shekara ta 1914-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1915. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Arsenal ta fara sauke "The" a cikin takardun hukuma, a hankali ta sauya sunanta a karo na karshe zuwa Arsenal, kamar yadda aka fi sani a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=30 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Arsenal F.C. |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806204052/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-date=6 August 2015 |access-date=12 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> [[Fayil:Herbert_Chapman_bust_20050922.jpg|right|thumb|Wani tagulla na Herbert Chapman yana tsaye a cikin Filin wasa na Emirates.]] === 1925-1934: Gunners na Herbert Chapman === Yanayin Arsenal da kuma kyautar albashin da aka bayar ya ja hankalin tauraruwar Huddersfield Town Herbert Chapman acikin shekarar 1925. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, Chapman ya gina sabon Arsenal na juyin juya hali. Da farko, ya nada sabon mai horar da shi, Tom Whittaker wanda wata rana zai tashi ya zama sanannen manajan Arsenal da kansa.{{Sfn|Whittaker|Peskett|1957}} Tare da taimakon mai kunnawa Charlie Buchan, ya aiwatar da tsarin WM wanda zai zama tushen tushe ga kayan aikinsa.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Charlie Buchan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last3=Jonathan Wilson (writer)}}</ref> Ya kuma kama matasa masu basira kamar Cliff Bastin da Eddie Hapgood, yayin da yake ba da babbar kudin shiga ta Highbury a kan taurari kamar David Jack da Alex James. === 1934-1947: Shaw, Allison da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === Mutuwar Chapman tana nufin aikin ya bar wa abokan aikinsa Joe Shaw da George Allison, tare da dukansu sun tabbatar da kasancewa masu basira da cikakkun masu kula da ƙungiyar Chapman ta Arsenal, suna ganin hat-trick na nasarar league tare da lakabi na cikin shekara ta 1933-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1934,sannan acikin shekara ta 1934-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1935, da kuma acikin shekara ta kofin fA hakan tafaru ne acikin shekara ta 1937-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1938, sannan kuma sun ci gaba lashe Kofin FA na cikin shekara ta 1936. <ref>{{Cite webda |title=Joe Shaw |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722210145/http://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |archive-date=22 July 2017 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=George Allison |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128085228/https://www.spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> === 1947-1962: Gunners na Tom Whittaker === Duk da wannan lokacin tashin hankali da rikici, Arsenal ta dawo don lashe gasar a karo na biyu bayan yakin da akayi acikin shekara ta 1947-zuwa cikin shakara ta 1948. Wannan shine kakar wasa ta farko ta Tom Whittaker a matsayin kocin, kuma yana nufin kulob din ya daidaita da rikodin zakaran Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref> Whittaker, duk da halin da yake da shi na tawali'u da tawali'unsa, ana kiransa "ƙwaƙwalwa" a bayan sanannen kungiyar Arsenal ta Chapman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Whittaker |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422190134/https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |archive-date=22 April 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2015 |title=How did Tom Whittaker get Chapman to believe in him, and other anniversaries – The History of Arsenal |url=https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923022652/https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tara ƙungiyar Arsenal mai cin nasara kuma mai ƙwarewa sosai duk da ƙarancin albarkatu, tare da salon wuta da faɗaɗa wanda ya haifar da babbar murya a lokacin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> === 1962-1984: Billy Wright, Bertie Mee da Terry Neill === [[Fayil:Alan_Ball_and_Bertie_Mee.png|thumb|Alan Ball (hagu) da Bertie Mee (wanda ya jagoranci Arsenal zuwa sau biyu na farko acikin shekara ta 1971), wanda aka zana acikin shekara ta 1972]] Arsenal ba za ta lashe League ko FA Cup ba har tsawon shekaru 18. Kungiyar '53 Champions ta tsufa, kuma kulob din ya kasa jawo hankalin masu karfi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post-War Arsenal&nbsp;– Overview |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302080424/http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |archive-date=2 March 2009 |access-date=27 November 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Kodayake Arsenal sun kasance masu gasa a cikin waɗannan shekarun, dukiyarsu ta ragu; kulob din ya shafe mafi yawan shekarun cikin shekara ta 1950 da 1960 a tsakiyar tebur.{{Sfn|Sowman|Wilson|2016}} Ko da tsohon kyaftin din Ingila Billy Wright bai iya kawo kulob din wani nasara ba a matsayin kocin, a cikin wani lokaci tsakanin shekara ta 1962 dakuma cikin shakara ta 1966. === 1984-1996: Arsenal na George Graham === [[Fayil:Tony_Adams_Statue.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton [[Tony Adams]] a waje da Filin wasa na Emirates]] Ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara sau biyu na Mee, George Graham, ya dawo a matsayin kocin a 1986, tare da Arsenal ta lashe kofin League na farko acikin shekara ta 1987, kakar farko ta Graham a matsayin mai kula. Sabbin sa hannu Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon da Steve Bould sun shiga kulob din acikin shekarar 1988 don kammala "mashahurin Back Four", karkashin jagorancin dan wasan gida [[Tony Adams]]. [bayanin 3] Ka'idar Graham na ba da fifiko ga ƙwarewar tsaro da alama ta yi karo da al'adun gargajiya na kulob din a kusa da kwallon kafa, kuma mutane da yawa suna da shakku ko zai yi aiki tare da matasa a kulob din din a wannan lokacin; duk da haka, hanyoyinsa da sauri sun sami addini bayan nasarorin farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2017 |title=Graham's Glory Years |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611174653/https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |archive-date=11 June 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Graham's Glory Years}}</ref> === 1996-2018: Shekaru na Arsene Wenger === [[Fayil:GoldInvinciblesTrophy.jpg|alt=|thumb|Bayan kammala kakar Premier League guda daya da ba a ci nasara ba, an ba da kyautar zinare ta musamman ga Arsenal.]] Kungiyar ta canza a lokacin mulkin kocin Faransa Arsène Wenger, wanda aka nada a watan Oktoban shekara ta 1996. Harin kwallon kafa, sake fasalin abinci da ayyukan motsa jiki, da kuma ƙwararrun 'yan kallo [bayanin 5] sun bayyana mulkinsa. Tattara manyan 'yan wasa daga [[Faransa|ƙasarsu]] Wenger, kamar [[Patrick Vieira]] da [[Thierry Henry]], Arsenal ta lashe gasar League da Kofin sau biyu ne acikin shekara ta 1997-98 da na uku acikin shekara ta 2001-02. Bugu da kari, kulob din ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 1999-zuwa ciki shekara ta 2000, sun ci nasara a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 2003 da 2005, kuma sun lashe gasar Firimiya a 2003-04 ba tare da rasa wasa daya ba, nasarar da ta ba kungiyar sunan laƙabi "The Invincibles". Wannan nasarar ta zo ne a cikin wasanni 49 da ba a ci nasara ba daga 7 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2003 zuwa ranar 24 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2004, rikodin ƙasa. === 2018-yanzu: Juyin halitta na bayan Wenger === Bayan gudanar da gyare-gyare a cikin tsarin aiki na kulob din don ya dace da tashiwar Wenger, an kira Mutanen Espanya [[Unai Emery]] a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din a ranar 23 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2018. Ya zama 'kocin kocin' na farko da kuma kocin na biyu daga wajen Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unai Emery announced as new Arsenal head coach |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041448/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |archive-date=26 May 2018 |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2023 |title=Welcome Unai |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523102932/https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |archive-date=23 May 2018 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta farko ta Emery, Arsenal ta kammala ta biyar a gasar Firimiya kuma a matsayin ta biyu a gasar Europa League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League Tables 2018/19 |url=https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217125722/https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=Premier League}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2019 |title=Chelsea win the 2019 UEFA Europa League |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0251-0e9ce2d466b4-6403225af104-1000--chelsea-win-the-2019-uefa-europa-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215024306/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2604835.html |archive-date=15 December 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2019, an sallami Emery a matsayin kocin kuma tsohon dan wasa da mataimakin kocin tawagar farko [[Freddie Ljungberg]] an nada shi a matsayin koci na wucin gadi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=Arsenal sack Emery after worst run in 27 years |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129155717/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |archive-date=29 November 2019 |access-date=29 November 2019 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, Arsenal ta nada tsohon kyaftin din kulob din [[Mikel Arteta]] a matsayin sabon kocin. Arsenal ta gama acikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin shakara ta 2020 a matsayi na takwas, mafi ƙasƙanci tun daga cikin shakara ta 1994-zuwa cikin shakara ta 1995, amma ya doke Chelsea 2-1-1 don samun nasarar cin Kofin FA na 14 . Bayan kakar, an canza taken Arteta daga kocin zuwa manajan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020 |title=Arsenal change Arteta role as part of restructure |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114085210/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2021, an sanar da Arsenal a matsayin kulob din da ya kafa gasar Turai mai suna The Super League; sun janye daga gasar kwana biyu bayan haka a cikin kuskuren duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Super League |url=https://thesuperleague.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418235123/https://www.thesuperleague.com/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=thesuperleague.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta gama kakar ne acikin shekara ta 2020-har zuwa cikin shakara ta 2021 a matsayi na takwas kuma, ba ta cancanci gasar Turai ba a karo na farko cikin shekaru 26.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title=Arsenal fails to qualify for Europe for 1st time in 25 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209191234/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Acikin kakar bayan (2021-22), Arteta ta tara ƙaramin rukuni a gasar Firimiya tare da matsakaicin shekaru 24 da kwanaki 308 - fiye da shekara guda ƙarami fiye da tawagar ta gaba.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |url=https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026143444/https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Adam |date=24 May 2022 |title=Premier League: Top trends revealed for the 2021/22 season |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128184759/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Sun gama a matsayi na biyar a gasar Firimiya a wannan shekarar, kuma sun cancanci gasar UEFA === Masu samar da kayan aiki da masu tallafawa rigar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Kayan Arsenal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527155718/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> !Lokacin !Mai ƙera kayan aiki !Mai tallafawa Shirt (kashin kai) !Mai tallafawa Shirt (wandan hannu) |- |1886–1930 |Ba a san shi ba | rowspan="3" |Babu | rowspan="10" |Babu |- |1930–1970 |Bukta |- |1971–1981 | rowspan="2" |Umbro |- |1981–1986 | rowspan="3" |JVC |- |1986–1994 |[[Adidas]] |- |1994–1999 | rowspan="4" |Nike |- |1999–2002 |Dreamcast Sega<br /> |- |2002–2006 |O2 |- |2006–2014 | rowspan="5" |[[Emirates]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emirates and Arsenal Renew Sponsorship Deal |url=https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714222642/https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=www.emirates.com}}</ref> |- |2014–2018 | rowspan="2" |Puma |- |2018–2019 | rowspan="2 " |Ziyarar Rwanda<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal partner with 'Visit Rwanda' |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802014646/https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2019–2026 | rowspan="3" |[[Adidas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adidas and Arsenal launch new home kit |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701174645/https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |archive-date=1 July 2019 |access-date=1 July 2019 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2026– |Deel, Inc. |- |} == Filin wasa == [[Fayil:Manor_Ground,_Woolwich_Arsenal_vs._Everton.jpg|right|thumb|Manor Ground, Woolwich Arsenal vs. [[Everton FC|Everton]]]] Kafin ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, Arsenal ta taka leda a takaice a Plumstead Common, sannan a Manor Ground a Plumste, sannan ya shafe shekaru uku tsakanin 1890 da 1893 a kusa da Invicta Ground. Bayan shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya koma Manor Ground kuma ya shigar da dakuna da terrace, yana inganta shi daga filin wasa kawai. Arsenal ta ci gaba da buga wasanninsu na gida a can na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa (tare da banbanci biyu a kakar 1894-95), har zuwa lokacin da suka koma arewacin London a 1913. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Simon Inglis}}</ref> An fi sani da Highbury, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] shine gidan kulob din daga Satumba 1913 har zuwa Mayu 2006. Mashahurin masanin ƙwallon ƙafa Archibald Leitch ne ya tsara filin wasan na asali, kuma yana da ƙirar da ta saba da yawancin filin ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa a Burtaniya a lokacin, tare da ɗaki ɗaya da aka rufe da bankunan iska guda uku.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}</ref> An ba da cikakken filin wasan babban gyare-gyare a cikin shekarun 1930: an gina sabon Art Deco West da East, an buɗe shi a cikin 1932 da 1936 bi da bi, kuma an kara rufin zuwa filin Arewacin Bank, wanda aka jefa bam a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma ba a dawo da shi ba har zuwa 1954. <ref name="conservation_plan" /> Highbury na iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 60,000 a mafi girma, kuma yana da damar 57,000 har zuwa farkon shekarun 1990. Rahoton Taylor da ka'idojin Premier League sun tilasta wa Arsenal ta canza Highbury zuwa filin wasa mai cike da kujeru a lokacin kakar 1993-94, don haka rage damar zuwa masu kallo 38,419 da ke zaune.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highbury |url=http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223345/http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |archive-date=11 January 2008 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Dole ne a kara rage wannan damar a lokacin wasannin [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] don karɓar ƙarin allon talla, don haka don lokutan biyu, daga 1998 zuwa 2000, Arsenal ta buga wasannin gida na gasar zakaruna a Wembley, wanda zai iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 70,000. [[Fayil:Arsenal_Stadium_interior_North_Bank.jpg|alt=A grandstand at a sports stadium. The seats are predominantly red.|right|thumb|Gidan Arewacin Bank, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]], Highbury]] An ƙuntata fadada Highbury saboda an sanya Gabashin Gabas a matsayin ginin da aka jera na Grade II kuma sauran uku suna kusa da kadarorin zama.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf "A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Wadannan iyakoki sun hana kulob din kara yawan kudaden shiga a cikin shekarun 1990 da shekaru goma na farko na karni na 21, suna sanya su cikin haɗarin barin su a baya a cikin bunkasar kwallon kafa na wannan lokacin. Bayan la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, a cikin 2000 Arsenal ta ba da shawarar gina sabon filin wasa mai iyawa 60,361 a Ashburton Grove, tun lokacin da ake Filin wasa na Emirates, kimanin mita 500 kudu maso yammacin Highbury. Da farko an jinkirta aikin ne saboda jan tef da hauhawar farashi, kuma an kammala ginin a watan Yulin 2006, a lokacin da za a fara kakar 2006-07. An sanya sunan filin wasan ne bayan masu tallafawa, kamfanin jirgin sama na Emirates, wanda kulob din ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tallafawa mafi girma a tarihin Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila, wanda ya kai kimanin fam miliyan 100. Wasu magoya baya sun kira filin Ashburton Grove, ko Grove, saboda ba su yarda da tallafin kamfanoni na sunayen filin wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawes |first=Brian |year=2006 |title=The 'E' Word |url=http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008060533/http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |archive-date=8 October 2006 |access-date=11 August 2008 |website=Arsenal World |publisher=Footymad}}</ref> Za a san filin wasan a hukumance da filin wasa na Emirates har zuwa akalla 2028, kuma kamfanin jirgin sama zai zama mai tallafawa kulob din har zuwa akasin haka 2024. Tun daga farkon kakar 2010-11 zuwa gaba, an san wuraren wasan a matsayin Bankin Arewa, Gabashin Gabas, Yammacin Yamma da ƙarshen Agogo. Matsayin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa yanzu yana tsaye a 60,704.<ref name="cap2021">{{Cite web |title=Premier League Handbook 2020/21 |url=https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412002820/https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=Premier League |page=4}}</ref>&nbsp;{{Wide image|Emirates Stadium - East stand Club Level.jpg|1367px|A [[panorama]] of the [[Emirates Stadium]] before a match}} == 'Yan wasa == === Kungiyar farko === {{Updated|24 January 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arsenal.com/men/players |title=Squad: Men |publisher=Arsenal F.C. |access-date=1 September 2025}}{{cbignore}}</ref>  == Kididdiga da rikodin == [[Fayil:Thierry_Henry_applauding_2012.jpg|thumb|[[Thierry Henry]] shine mai zira kwallaye na Arsenal, tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa.]] Arsenal ta ƙwallon ƙafa 13 League Championship ita ce na uku mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙwallon Ingila, bayan Liverpool (20) da Manchester United (20), <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=28 August 2009 |title=England&nbsp;– List of Champions |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730154323/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> kuma su ne kulob na farko da ya kai na bakwai da na takwas League Championship. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2020, suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi bakwai, sauran su ne Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], Manchester City, Leicester City da Liverpool, waɗanda suka lashe gasar Firimiya tun lokacin da aka kafa ta acikin shekarar 1992. <ref name=":8" /> Suna riƙe da mafi yawan kyaututtuka na FA Cup, tare da 14.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=12 June 2009 |title=England FA Challenge Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engcuphist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113115049/http://rsssf.com/tablese/engcuphist.html |archive-date=13 January 2010 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Kungiyar tana ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi shida kawai da suka lashe kofin FA Sau biyu a jere, a 2002 da 2003, da 2014 da 2015.<ref name=":7" /> Arsenal ta samu nasarar League da FA Cup "Doubles" sau uku (acikin shekara ta 1971, 1998 da 2002), wani abin da Manchester United ta samu a baya (a 1994, 1996 da 1999). <ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=https://www.fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106003337/http://fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |archive-date=6 November 2009 |access-date=23 October 2009 |website=Football Club History Database |publisher=Richard Rundle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stokkermans |first=Karel |date=24 September 2009 |title=Doing the Double: Countrywise Records |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126184235/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |archive-date=26 November 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Sun kasance rukuni na farko a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila don kammala FA Cup da League Cup sau biyu, a 1993. Arsenal kuma ita ce kulob din farko na London da ta kai wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA, acikin shekara ta 2006, inda ta sha kashi 2-1 a [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal Football Club |url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913103452/http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |archive-date=13 September 2008 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> Arsenal tana da daya daga cikin mafi kyawun rikodin jirgin sama a tarihi, bayan sun gama ƙasa da goma sha huɗu sau bakwai kawai. Sun lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, kuma sun tara maki na biyu mafi yawa, <ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPietarinen2017">Pietarinen, Heikki (24 August 2017). </cite></ref> ko an lissafa su da maki biyu a kowace nasara <ref name="All Time Table">{{Cite web |title=English Premier League : Full All Time Table |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320225558/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |archive-date=20 March 2017 |access-date=21 January 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> ko kuma da darajar maki na zamani. Sun kasance a cikin saman jirgin sama na mafi yawan lokutan jere (98 kamar yadda 2023-24). <ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref><ref name="All-time Arsenal">{{Cite web |last=James |first=Josh |date=18 June 2013 |title=All-time Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622042610/https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seasons Spent in the Top Flight of English Football by Clubs from 1888–89 to 2023–24 |url=https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209052735/https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=My Football Facts}}</ref> Har ila yau, Arsenal tana da matsayi mafi girma a cikin karni na 20, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 8.5. Arsenal tana riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo na wasannin League da ba a ci ba (49 tsakanin Mayu 2003 da Oktoba 2004). Wannan ya hada da dukkan wasannin 38 na nasarar da suka samu a kakar 2003-04, lokacin da Arsenal ta zama kulob na biyu da ta kammala yakin neman zabe ba tare da an ci nasara ba, bayan Preston North End (wanda ya buga wasanni 22 kawai) a 1888-89.<ref name="49 Unbeaten">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title=49 Unbeaten |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010642/https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Har ila yau, suna riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo a saman jirgin sama.<ref name="EPL Records">{{Cite web |title=Records |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107021729/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |archive-date=7 November 2011 |access-date=22 March 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta kafa rikodin gasar zakarun Turai a lokacin kakar 2005-06 ta hanyar buga wasanni goma ba tare da ba da kwallo ba, ta doke mafi kyawun bakwai da AC Milan ta kafa. Sun tafi jimlar rikodin minti 995 ba tare da barin abokin hamayyar ya ci kwallo ba; tseren ya ƙare a wasan karshe, lokacin da [[Samuel Eto'o]] ya zira kwallaye 76 na Barcelona.&nbsp; David O'Leary yana da rikodin bayyanar Arsenal, bayan ya buga wasanni 722 na farko tsakanin 1975 da 1993. Rabin tsakiya kuma tsohon kyaftin din [[Tony Adams]] ya zo na biyu, bayan ya buga sau 669. David Seaman ne ke riƙe da rikodin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]], tare da bayyanar 564. <ref name="clubrecords">{{Cite web |title=Club Records |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905054109/http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [[Thierry Henry]] shine babban mai zira kwallaye a kulob din tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa tsakanin 1999 da 2012; ya wuce jimlar Ian Wright na 185 a watan Oktoba 2005. Rubuce-rubucen Wright sun tsaya tun watan Satumbar 1997, lokacin da ya wuce jimlar kwallaye 178 da mai tsaron gida Cliff Bastin ya kafa a shekarar 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Rupert |title=Arsenal vs Bolton. 13/0<!-- no format change -->9/97 |url=http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008220109/http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Arseweb}}</ref> Henry kuma yana da rikodin kulob din don burin da aka zira a League, tare da 175, rikodin da Bastin ya rike har zuwa Fabrairu 2006. <ref name="henry" /> Declan Rice yana riƙe da farashin sa hannu na Arsenal bayan an kammala yarjejeniya da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a watan Yulin 2023, don £ 100 miliyan na farko. Wannan ya wuce tsohon rikodin na fam miliyan 72 ga [[Nicolas Pépé|Nicolas Pepe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2023 |title=Declan Rice: Arsenal sign England midfielder from West Ham in club-record £105m deal |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/12913870/declan-rice-arsenal-sign-england-midfielder-from-west-ham-in-club-record-lb105m-deal |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> == Daraja == Arsenal ta lashe kyautar azurfa ta farko a matsayin Royal Arsenal a shekara ta 1890. Kofin Kent Junior, wanda Royal Arsenal ta lashe, shine Kofin FA na kulob din, yayin da kofin farko ya zo makonni uku bayan haka lokacin da suka lashe kofin Kent Senior . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=The History of Arsenal (AISA Arsenal History Society)}}</ref><ref name="aftlu">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |title=Arsenal first team line ups |url=http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715102949/http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |archive-date=15 July 2016 |access-date=15 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> Babban girmamawa na farko na kasa ya zo ne a 1930, lokacin da suka lashe Kofin FA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2007 |title=GGM 36: Arsenal win their first major trophy |url=http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185120/http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Kungiyar ta ci gaba da samun nasara a cikin shekarun 1930, inda ta lashe kofin FA da kuma gasar kwallon kafa ta farko guda biyar. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 "125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1936–1940 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930230223/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun farko da kofin sau biyu acikin kakar 1970-71 kuma sau biyu ta sake maimaita wannan, a 1997-98 da 2001-02, tare da lashe kofin sau uku na FA Cup da League Cup a 1992-93. Shekarar 2003-04 ita ce kawai kakar wasanni 38 da ba a ci nasara ba a tarihin kwallon kafa na Ingila. An ba da izinin zinare na musamman na gasar Firimiya kuma an gabatar da shi ga kulob din a kakar wasa mai zuwa. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" |+Kyautar Arsenal FC ! style="width: 1%;" |Irin wannan ! style="width: 5%;" |Gasar ! style="width: 1%;" |Takardun sarauta ! style="width: 21%;" |Lokaci |- | rowspan="5" scope="rowgroup" |'''A cikin gida''' ! scope="row" |Sashe na Farko / Premier League{{Efn|Upon its formation in 1992, the [[Premier League]] became the top tier of [[Football in England|English football]]; the [[English Football League|Football League]] [[Football League First Division|First]] and [[Football League Second Division|Second Divisions]] then became the second and third tiers, respectively. From 2004, the First Division became the [[EFL Championship|Championship]] and the Second Division became [[EFL League One|League One]].}} |13 | align="left" |1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin FA | style="background-color:gold" |'''14''' | align="left" |1929–30, 1935–36, 1949–50, 1970–71, 1978–79, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2019–20 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin EFL{{Efn|Until 2016, the unsponsored name of the EFL Cup was the Football League Cup.}} |2 | align="left" |1986–87, 1992–93 |- ! scope="row" |Garkuwar Jama'a ta FA{{Efn|Until 2002, the FA Community Shield was known as the FA Charity Shield.}} |17 | align="left" |1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1991, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2023 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa | style="background-color:gold" |'''1''' | align="left" |1988 |- | rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup" |'''Yankin nahiyar''' ! scope="row" |Kofin Masu Gasar Cin Kofin UEFA |1 | align="left" |1993–94 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci |1 | align="left" |1969–70 |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> cezbztbc53fmfgahd3jto6rbtmzdnif 888043 888030 2026-07-27T09:50:20Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888043 wikitext text/x-wiki Ề{{Mukala mai kyau}}{{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar [[ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Arsenal''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙwararrun [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] da ke zaune a Islington, Arewacin London, Ingila. Suna fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], matakin farko na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida, Arsenal ta lashe lambobin league 13 (ciki har da lambar yabo guda ɗaya da ba a ci ba), rikodin Kofin FA 14, Kofin League 2, 17 FA Community Shields da kuma Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. A cikin Kwallon ƙafa na Turai, sun lashe kofin Turai guda ɗaya da kuma kofin Inter-Cities Fairs guda ɗaya. Dangane da kyaututtuka da aka samu, ita ce kulob na uku mafi nasara a kwallon kafa na Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal FC – history, facts and records |url=https://www.footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925230002/https://footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=footballhistory.org}}</ref> Arsenal ita ce kulob din farko daga kudancin Ingila da ta shiga gasar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1893, a hukumance ta shiga ƙungiyar farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Arsenal tana ɗaukar matsayi mafi tsawo a cikin rukunin farko (sama da shekaru 105 da ƙidaya) kuma ta kammala ƙarni na 20 tare da matsayi mafi girma na kowane kulob.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a tarihin kwallon ƙafa na Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1930, Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun League biyar da kofin FA guda biyu, tare da wani kofin FA da wasu kofin biyu da suka zo bayan yakin. A cikin shekara ta 1970-zuwa ciki shekara ta 1971, ta lashe gasar League da FA Cup sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1989 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2005, kulob din ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai biyar da kofin FA guda biyar, ciki har da karin sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1998 da 2017, Arsenal ta cancanci [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] don rikodin kwallon kafa na Ingila na shekaru goma sha tara a jere.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dawson |first=Alan |title=Here's how much money Arsenal has lost after failing to qualify for the Champions League |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417140419/https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1886, ma'aikatan makamai a Royal Arsenal a Woolwich sun kafa kulob din a matsayin Dial Square . A shekara ta 1913, kulob din ya it birnin zuwa [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury, ya zama makwabta na kusa da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], don haka ya haifar da wasan derby na Arewacin London. Herbert Chapman ya lashe kulob din azurfa na farko, kuma abin da ya bari ya ba da damar yin amfani da ganima a cikin shekarun 1930. Ya taimaka wajen gabatar da tsarin WM, fitilu, da Lambobin rigar; <ref name="Herbert Chapman Hall of Fame">{{Cite web |title=Herbert Chapman |url=http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418113836/http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |archive-date=18 April 2016 |access-date=20 March 2016 |publisher=National Football Museum}}</ref> ya kuma kara fararen hannayen hannu da ja mai haske ga rigar kulob din. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711145624/http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=11 July 2020 |access-date=11 July 2020 |website= |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> Arsène Wenger shine kocin kulob din da ya fi dadewa kuma ya lashe mafi yawan kyaututtuka. Ya lashe kofin FA guda bakwai, kuma tawagarsa ta uku kuma ta karshe da ta lashe lambar yabo ta kafa rikodin Ingila don mafi tsawo acikin wasanni 49 tsakanin shekara ta 2003 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2004, yana karɓar laƙabi The Invincibles . Acikin shekara ta 2006, kulob din ya koma Filin wasa na Emirates da ke kusa. Tare da kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na £ 616.6m a cikin kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2023-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-28 |title=Financial Results |url=https://www.arsenal.com/the-club/corporate-info/arsenal-holdings-financial-results |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Financial Results |language=en}}</ref> ''Forbes'' ta kiyasta Arsenal ta kai dala biliyan 3.4, yana mai da ita kulob din kwallon kafa na takwas mafi daraja a duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal on the Forbes Soccer Team Valuations List |url=https://www.forbes.com/teams/arsenal/ |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> yayin da kuma kasancewa daya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin wasanni da aka fi bi a duniya a kan [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]]. Taken kulob din shine ''Victoria Concordia Crescit'', Latin don "Victory Through Harmony". == Tarihi == === 1886-1912: Dial Square zuwa Royal Arsenal === [[Fayil:Arsenal_1888_squad_photo.jpg|thumb|Royal Arsenal tawaga ne a cikin shekara ta 1888. Kyaftin din asali David Danskin yana zaune a hannun dama na benci.]] Acikin watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1886, dan kasar Scotland David Danskin da abokan aikin makamai goma sha biyar a Woolwich sun kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dial Square, mai suna bayan wani bita a tsakiyar Royal Arsenal. Kowane memba ya ba da gudummawa shida, kuma Danskin ya kara shillings uku don taimakawa wajen kafa kulob din.<ref name="dialsquare">{{Cite web |title='Royal Arsenal' formed in Woolwich |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725142641/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=2 November 2018 |website=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [bayanin 1] Dial Square ta buga wasan farko a ranar 11 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1886 a kan Eastern Wanderers kuma ta ci 6-0. An sake sunan kulob din Royal Arsenal acikin watan Janairun shekara ta 1887,<ref name="Royal Arsenal name">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=13 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Royal Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501065626/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-date=1 May 2015 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> kuma gidansa na farko shi ne Plumstead Common, kodayake sun shafe mafi yawan lokutan su suna wasa a Manor Ground.{{Sfn|Masters|1995}} Kyaututtuka na farko da suka samu sune Kent Senior Cup da London Charity Cup acikin shekara ta 1889-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1890 da London Senior Cup acikin shekara ta 1890-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1891; waɗannan su ne kawai kyaututtuka da Arsenal ta samu a lokacin da suke a Kudu maso Gabashin London.<ref name="FirstCountyCup">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=7 March 2012 |title=121 Years ago today – Royal Arsenal's last trophy " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605041507/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1891, Royal Arsenal ya zama kulob din farko na London da ya zama kwararre.<ref name="TurnProfessional">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=9 May 2017 |title=Royal Arsenal FC Turn Professional – The Truth |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923114343/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |access-date=23 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> An sake sunan Royal Arsenal a karo na biyu bayan ya zama kamfani mai iyaka a cikin shekara ta 1893. Sun yi rajistar sabon sunansu, Woolwich Arsenal, tare da Kungiyar kwallon kafa lokacin da kulob din ya hau daga baya a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly I |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=20 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Woolwich Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205024313/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> : 5-21 Woolwich Arsenal ita ce ta farko a kudancin kungiyar kwallon kafa, ta fara ne a rukuni na biyu kuma ta kai rukuni na farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Rashin halartar taron, saboda matsalolin kudi tsakanin ma'aikatan makamai da isowar kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da suka fi dacewa a wasu wurare a cikin birni, ya jagoranci kulob din kusa da fatarar kuɗi acikin shekara ta 1910. <ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Sally |date=December 2007 |title=Woolwich Arsenal 1910 – the arrival of Hall and Norris |url=http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410074122/http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-date=10 April 2016 |access-date=11 July 2016 |website=wrightanddavis.co.uk}}</ref> : 112-149 'Yan kasuwa Henry Norris da William Hall sun shiga cikin kulob din, kuma sun nemi su motsa su zuwa wani wuri.<ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=12 April 2017 |title=Did Henry Norris Really Buy Arsenal? |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422072349/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=24 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> ===A shekara 1912 zuwa 1925: Bankin Ingila kulob din === Acikin shekara ta 1913, ba da daɗewa ba bayan sake komawa zuwa Sashe na Biyu, kulob din ya koma haye kogi zuwa sabon [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury.<ref name="Kay">{{Cite journal |last=Kay |first=Joyce |year=2008 |title=It Wasn't Just Emily Davison! Sport, Suffrage and Society in Edwardian Britain |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360802212271 |url-status=live |journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport |volume=25 |issue=10 |pages=1343–1346 |doi=10.1080/09523360802212271 |issn=0952-3367 |s2cid=154063364 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917130504/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09523360802212271 |archive-date=17 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2021 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Club moves from Woolwich to Highbury |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927195634/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |archive-date=27 September 2021 |access-date=27 September 2021 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1919, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta kada kuri'a don inganta Arsenal, maimakon masu adawa da gida [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], a cikin sabon rukunin farko, duk da kammala na biyar a cikin rukunin na biyu na karshe kafin yakin da akayi acikin shekara ta 1914-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1915. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Arsenal ta fara sauke "The" a cikin takardun hukuma, a hankali ta sauya sunanta a karo na karshe zuwa Arsenal, kamar yadda aka fi sani a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=30 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Arsenal F.C. |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806204052/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-date=6 August 2015 |access-date=12 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> [[Fayil:Herbert_Chapman_bust_20050922.jpg|right|thumb|Wani tagulla na Herbert Chapman yana tsaye a cikin Filin wasa na Emirates.]] === 1925-1934: Gunners na Herbert Chapman === Yanayin Arsenal da kuma kyautar albashin da aka bayar ya ja hankalin tauraruwar Huddersfield Town Herbert Chapman acikin shekarar 1925. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, Chapman ya gina sabon Arsenal na juyin juya hali. Da farko, ya nada sabon mai horar da shi, Tom Whittaker wanda wata rana zai tashi ya zama sanannen manajan Arsenal da kansa.{{Sfn|Whittaker|Peskett|1957}} Tare da taimakon mai kunnawa Charlie Buchan, ya aiwatar da tsarin WM wanda zai zama tushen tushe ga kayan aikinsa.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Charlie Buchan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last3=Jonathan Wilson (writer)}}</ref> Ya kuma kama matasa masu basira kamar Cliff Bastin da Eddie Hapgood, yayin da yake ba da babbar kudin shiga ta Highbury a kan taurari kamar David Jack da Alex James. === 1934-1947: Shaw, Allison da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === Mutuwar Chapman tana nufin aikin ya bar wa abokan aikinsa Joe Shaw da George Allison, tare da dukansu sun tabbatar da kasancewa masu basira da cikakkun masu kula da ƙungiyar Chapman ta Arsenal, suna ganin hat-trick na nasarar league tare da lakabi na cikin shekara ta 1933-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1934,sannan acikin shekara ta 1934-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1935, da kuma acikin shekara ta kofin fA hakan tafaru ne acikin shekara ta 1937-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1938, sannan kuma sun ci gaba lashe Kofin FA na cikin shekara ta 1936. <ref>{{Cite webda |title=Joe Shaw |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722210145/http://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |archive-date=22 July 2017 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=George Allison |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128085228/https://www.spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> === 1947-1962: Gunners na Tom Whittaker === Duk da wannan lokacin tashin hankali da rikici, Arsenal ta dawo don lashe gasar a karo na biyu bayan yakin da akayi acikin shekara ta 1947-zuwa cikin shakara ta 1948. Wannan shine kakar wasa ta farko ta Tom Whittaker a matsayin kocin, kuma yana nufin kulob din ya daidaita da rikodin zakaran Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref> Whittaker, duk da halin da yake da shi na tawali'u da tawali'unsa, ana kiransa "ƙwaƙwalwa" a bayan sanannen kungiyar Arsenal ta Chapman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Whittaker |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422190134/https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |archive-date=22 April 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2015 |title=How did Tom Whittaker get Chapman to believe in him, and other anniversaries – The History of Arsenal |url=https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923022652/https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tara ƙungiyar Arsenal mai cin nasara kuma mai ƙwarewa sosai duk da ƙarancin albarkatu, tare da salon wuta da faɗaɗa wanda ya haifar da babbar murya a lokacin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> === 1962-1984: Billy Wright, Bertie Mee da Terry Neill === [[Fayil:Alan_Ball_and_Bertie_Mee.png|thumb|Alan Ball (hagu) da Bertie Mee (wanda ya jagoranci Arsenal zuwa sau biyu na farko acikin shekara ta 1971), wanda aka zana acikin shekara ta 1972]] Arsenal ba za ta lashe League ko FA Cup ba har tsawon shekaru 18. Kungiyar '53 Champions ta tsufa, kuma kulob din ya kasa jawo hankalin masu karfi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post-War Arsenal&nbsp;– Overview |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302080424/http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |archive-date=2 March 2009 |access-date=27 November 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Kodayake Arsenal sun kasance masu gasa a cikin waɗannan shekarun, dukiyarsu ta ragu; kulob din ya shafe mafi yawan shekarun cikin shekara ta 1950 da 1960 a tsakiyar tebur.{{Sfn|Sowman|Wilson|2016}} Ko da tsohon kyaftin din Ingila Billy Wright bai iya kawo kulob din wani nasara ba a matsayin kocin, a cikin wani lokaci tsakanin shekara ta 1962 dakuma cikin shakara ta 1966. === 1984-1996: Arsenal na George Graham === [[Fayil:Tony_Adams_Statue.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton [[Tony Adams]] a waje da Filin wasa na Emirates]] Ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara sau biyu na Mee, George Graham, ya dawo a matsayin kocin a 1986, tare da Arsenal ta lashe kofin League na farko acikin shekara ta 1987, kakar farko ta Graham a matsayin mai kula. Sabbin sa hannu Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon da Steve Bould sun shiga kulob din acikin shekarar 1988 don kammala "mashahurin Back Four", karkashin jagorancin dan wasan gida [[Tony Adams]]. [bayanin 3] Ka'idar Graham na ba da fifiko ga ƙwarewar tsaro da alama ta yi karo da al'adun gargajiya na kulob din a kusa da kwallon kafa, kuma mutane da yawa suna da shakku ko zai yi aiki tare da matasa a kulob din din a wannan lokacin; duk da haka, hanyoyinsa da sauri sun sami addini bayan nasarorin farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2017 |title=Graham's Glory Years |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611174653/https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |archive-date=11 June 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Graham's Glory Years}}</ref> === 1996-2018: Shekaru na Arsene Wenger === [[Fayil:GoldInvinciblesTrophy.jpg|alt=|thumb|Bayan kammala kakar Premier League guda daya da ba a ci nasara ba, an ba da kyautar zinare ta musamman ga Arsenal.]] Kungiyar ta canza a lokacin mulkin kocin Faransa Arsène Wenger, wanda aka nada a watan Oktoban shekara ta 1996. Harin kwallon kafa, sake fasalin abinci da ayyukan motsa jiki, da kuma ƙwararrun 'yan kallo [bayanin 5] sun bayyana mulkinsa. Tattara manyan 'yan wasa daga [[Faransa|ƙasarsu]] Wenger, kamar [[Patrick Vieira]] da [[Thierry Henry]], Arsenal ta lashe gasar League da Kofin sau biyu ne acikin shekara ta 1997-98 da na uku acikin shekara ta 2001-02. Bugu da kari, kulob din ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 1999-zuwa ciki shekara ta 2000, sun ci nasara a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 2003 da 2005, kuma sun lashe gasar Firimiya a 2003-04 ba tare da rasa wasa daya ba, nasarar da ta ba kungiyar sunan laƙabi "The Invincibles". Wannan nasarar ta zo ne a cikin wasanni 49 da ba a ci nasara ba daga 7 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2003 zuwa ranar 24 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2004, rikodin ƙasa. === 2018-yanzu: Juyin halitta na bayan Wenger === Bayan gudanar da gyare-gyare a cikin tsarin aiki na kulob din don ya dace da tashiwar Wenger, an kira Mutanen Espanya [[Unai Emery]] a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din a ranar 23 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2018. Ya zama 'kocin kocin' na farko da kuma kocin na biyu daga wajen Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unai Emery announced as new Arsenal head coach |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041448/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |archive-date=26 May 2018 |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2023 |title=Welcome Unai |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523102932/https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |archive-date=23 May 2018 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta farko ta Emery, Arsenal ta kammala ta biyar a gasar Firimiya kuma a matsayin ta biyu a gasar Europa League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League Tables 2018/19 |url=https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217125722/https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=Premier League}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2019 |title=Chelsea win the 2019 UEFA Europa League |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0251-0e9ce2d466b4-6403225af104-1000--chelsea-win-the-2019-uefa-europa-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215024306/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2604835.html |archive-date=15 December 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2019, an sallami Emery a matsayin kocin kuma tsohon dan wasa da mataimakin kocin tawagar farko [[Freddie Ljungberg]] an nada shi a matsayin koci na wucin gadi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=Arsenal sack Emery after worst run in 27 years |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129155717/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |archive-date=29 November 2019 |access-date=29 November 2019 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, Arsenal ta nada tsohon kyaftin din kulob din [[Mikel Arteta]] a matsayin sabon kocin. Arsenal ta gama acikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin shakara ta 2020 a matsayi na takwas, mafi ƙasƙanci tun daga cikin shakara ta 1994-zuwa cikin shakara ta 1995, amma ya doke Chelsea 2-1-1 don samun nasarar cin Kofin FA na 14 . Bayan kakar, an canza taken Arteta daga kocin zuwa manajan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020 |title=Arsenal change Arteta role as part of restructure |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114085210/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2021, an sanar da Arsenal a matsayin kulob din da ya kafa gasar Turai mai suna The Super League; sun janye daga gasar kwana biyu bayan haka a cikin kuskuren duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Super League |url=https://thesuperleague.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418235123/https://www.thesuperleague.com/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=thesuperleague.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta gama kakar ne acikin shekara ta 2020-har zuwa cikin shakara ta 2021 a matsayi na takwas kuma, ba ta cancanci gasar Turai ba a karo na farko cikin shekaru 26.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title=Arsenal fails to qualify for Europe for 1st time in 25 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209191234/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Acikin kakar bayan (2021-22), Arteta ta tara ƙaramin rukuni a gasar Firimiya tare da matsakaicin shekaru 24 da kwanaki 308 - fiye da shekara guda ƙarami fiye da tawagar ta gaba.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |url=https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026143444/https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Adam |date=24 May 2022 |title=Premier League: Top trends revealed for the 2021/22 season |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128184759/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Sun gama a matsayi na biyar a gasar Firimiya a wannan shekarar, kuma sun cancanci gasar UEFA === Masu samar da kayan aiki da masu tallafawa rigar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Kayan Arsenal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527155718/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> !Lokacin !Mai ƙera kayan aiki !Mai tallafawa Shirt (kashin kai) !Mai tallafawa Shirt (wandan hannu) |- |1886–1930 |Ba a san shi ba | rowspan="3" |Babu | rowspan="10" |Babu |- |1930–1970 |Bukta |- |1971–1981 | rowspan="2" |Umbro |- |1981–1986 | rowspan="3" |JVC |- |1986–1994 |[[Adidas]] |- |1994–1999 | rowspan="4" |Nike |- |1999–2002 |Dreamcast Sega<br /> |- |2002–2006 |O2 |- |2006–2014 | rowspan="5" |[[Emirates]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emirates and Arsenal Renew Sponsorship Deal |url=https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714222642/https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=www.emirates.com}}</ref> |- |2014–2018 | rowspan="2" |Puma |- |2018–2019 | rowspan="2 " |Ziyarar Rwanda<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal partner with 'Visit Rwanda' |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802014646/https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2019–2026 | rowspan="3" |[[Adidas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adidas and Arsenal launch new home kit |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701174645/https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |archive-date=1 July 2019 |access-date=1 July 2019 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2026– |Deel, Inc. |- |} == Filin wasa == [[Fayil:Manor_Ground,_Woolwich_Arsenal_vs._Everton.jpg|right|thumb|Manor Ground, Woolwich Arsenal vs. [[Everton FC|Everton]]]] Kafin ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, Arsenal ta taka leda a takaice a Plumstead Common, sannan a Manor Ground a Plumste, sannan ya shafe shekaru uku tsakanin 1890 da 1893 a kusa da Invicta Ground. Bayan shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya koma Manor Ground kuma ya shigar da dakuna da terrace, yana inganta shi daga filin wasa kawai. Arsenal ta ci gaba da buga wasanninsu na gida a can na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa (tare da banbanci biyu a kakar 1894-95), har zuwa lokacin da suka koma arewacin London a 1913. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Simon Inglis}}</ref> An fi sani da Highbury, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] shine gidan kulob din daga Satumba 1913 har zuwa Mayu 2006. Mashahurin masanin ƙwallon ƙafa Archibald Leitch ne ya tsara filin wasan na asali, kuma yana da ƙirar da ta saba da yawancin filin ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa a Burtaniya a lokacin, tare da ɗaki ɗaya da aka rufe da bankunan iska guda uku.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}</ref> An ba da cikakken filin wasan babban gyare-gyare a cikin shekarun 1930: an gina sabon Art Deco West da East, an buɗe shi a cikin 1932 da 1936 bi da bi, kuma an kara rufin zuwa filin Arewacin Bank, wanda aka jefa bam a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma ba a dawo da shi ba har zuwa 1954. <ref name="conservation_plan" /> Highbury na iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 60,000 a mafi girma, kuma yana da damar 57,000 har zuwa farkon shekarun 1990. Rahoton Taylor da ka'idojin Premier League sun tilasta wa Arsenal ta canza Highbury zuwa filin wasa mai cike da kujeru a lokacin kakar 1993-94, don haka rage damar zuwa masu kallo 38,419 da ke zaune.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highbury |url=http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223345/http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |archive-date=11 January 2008 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Dole ne a kara rage wannan damar a lokacin wasannin [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] don karɓar ƙarin allon talla, don haka don lokutan biyu, daga 1998 zuwa 2000, Arsenal ta buga wasannin gida na gasar zakaruna a Wembley, wanda zai iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 70,000. [[Fayil:Arsenal_Stadium_interior_North_Bank.jpg|alt=A grandstand at a sports stadium. The seats are predominantly red.|right|thumb|Gidan Arewacin Bank, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]], Highbury]] An ƙuntata fadada Highbury saboda an sanya Gabashin Gabas a matsayin ginin da aka jera na Grade II kuma sauran uku suna kusa da kadarorin zama.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf "A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Wadannan iyakoki sun hana kulob din kara yawan kudaden shiga a cikin shekarun 1990 da shekaru goma na farko na karni na 21, suna sanya su cikin haɗarin barin su a baya a cikin bunkasar kwallon kafa na wannan lokacin. Bayan la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, a cikin 2000 Arsenal ta ba da shawarar gina sabon filin wasa mai iyawa 60,361 a Ashburton Grove, tun lokacin da ake Filin wasa na Emirates, kimanin mita 500 kudu maso yammacin Highbury. Da farko an jinkirta aikin ne saboda jan tef da hauhawar farashi, kuma an kammala ginin a watan Yulin 2006, a lokacin da za a fara kakar 2006-07. An sanya sunan filin wasan ne bayan masu tallafawa, kamfanin jirgin sama na Emirates, wanda kulob din ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tallafawa mafi girma a tarihin Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila, wanda ya kai kimanin fam miliyan 100. Wasu magoya baya sun kira filin Ashburton Grove, ko Grove, saboda ba su yarda da tallafin kamfanoni na sunayen filin wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawes |first=Brian |year=2006 |title=The 'E' Word |url=http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008060533/http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |archive-date=8 October 2006 |access-date=11 August 2008 |website=Arsenal World |publisher=Footymad}}</ref> Za a san filin wasan a hukumance da filin wasa na Emirates har zuwa akalla 2028, kuma kamfanin jirgin sama zai zama mai tallafawa kulob din har zuwa akasin haka 2024. Tun daga farkon kakar 2010-11 zuwa gaba, an san wuraren wasan a matsayin Bankin Arewa, Gabashin Gabas, Yammacin Yamma da ƙarshen Agogo. Matsayin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa yanzu yana tsaye a 60,704.<ref name="cap2021">{{Cite web |title=Premier League Handbook 2020/21 |url=https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412002820/https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=Premier League |page=4}}</ref>&nbsp;{{Wide image|Emirates Stadium - East stand Club Level.jpg|1367px|A [[panorama]] of the [[Emirates Stadium]] before a match}} == 'Yan wasa == === Kungiyar farko === {{Updated|24 January 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arsenal.com/men/players |title=Squad: Men |publisher=Arsenal F.C. |access-date=1 September 2025}}{{cbignore}}</ref>  == Kididdiga da rikodin == [[Fayil:Thierry_Henry_applauding_2012.jpg|thumb|[[Thierry Henry]] shine mai zira kwallaye na Arsenal, tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa.]] Arsenal ta ƙwallon ƙafa 13 League Championship ita ce na uku mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙwallon Ingila, bayan Liverpool (20) da Manchester United (20), <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=28 August 2009 |title=England&nbsp;– List of Champions |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730154323/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> kuma su ne kulob na farko da ya kai na bakwai da na takwas League Championship. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2020, suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi bakwai, sauran su ne Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], Manchester City, Leicester City da Liverpool, waɗanda suka lashe gasar Firimiya tun lokacin da aka kafa ta acikin shekarar 1992. <ref name=":8" /> Suna riƙe da mafi yawan kyaututtuka na FA Cup, tare da 14.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=12 June 2009 |title=England FA Challenge Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engcuphist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113115049/http://rsssf.com/tablese/engcuphist.html |archive-date=13 January 2010 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Kungiyar tana ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi shida kawai da suka lashe kofin FA Sau biyu a jere, a 2002 da 2003, da 2014 da 2015.<ref name=":7" /> Arsenal ta samu nasarar League da FA Cup "Doubles" sau uku (acikin shekara ta 1971, 1998 da 2002), wani abin da Manchester United ta samu a baya (a 1994, 1996 da 1999). <ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=https://www.fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106003337/http://fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |archive-date=6 November 2009 |access-date=23 October 2009 |website=Football Club History Database |publisher=Richard Rundle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stokkermans |first=Karel |date=24 September 2009 |title=Doing the Double: Countrywise Records |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126184235/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |archive-date=26 November 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Sun kasance rukuni na farko a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila don kammala FA Cup da League Cup sau biyu, a 1993. Arsenal kuma ita ce kulob din farko na London da ta kai wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA, acikin shekara ta 2006, inda ta sha kashi 2-1 a [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal Football Club |url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913103452/http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |archive-date=13 September 2008 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> Arsenal tana da daya daga cikin mafi kyawun rikodin jirgin sama a tarihi, bayan sun gama ƙasa da goma sha huɗu sau bakwai kawai. Sun lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, kuma sun tara maki na biyu mafi yawa, <ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPietarinen2017">Pietarinen, Heikki (24 August 2017). </cite></ref> ko an lissafa su da maki biyu a kowace nasara <ref name="All Time Table">{{Cite web |title=English Premier League : Full All Time Table |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320225558/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |archive-date=20 March 2017 |access-date=21 January 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> ko kuma da darajar maki na zamani. Sun kasance a cikin saman jirgin sama na mafi yawan lokutan jere (98 kamar yadda 2023-24). <ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref><ref name="All-time Arsenal">{{Cite web |last=James |first=Josh |date=18 June 2013 |title=All-time Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622042610/https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seasons Spent in the Top Flight of English Football by Clubs from 1888–89 to 2023–24 |url=https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209052735/https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=My Football Facts}}</ref> Har ila yau, Arsenal tana da matsayi mafi girma a cikin karni na 20, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 8.5. Arsenal tana riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo na wasannin League da ba a ci ba (49 tsakanin Mayu 2003 da Oktoba 2004). Wannan ya hada da dukkan wasannin 38 na nasarar da suka samu a kakar 2003-04, lokacin da Arsenal ta zama kulob na biyu da ta kammala yakin neman zabe ba tare da an ci nasara ba, bayan Preston North End (wanda ya buga wasanni 22 kawai) a 1888-89.<ref name="49 Unbeaten">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title=49 Unbeaten |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010642/https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Har ila yau, suna riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo a saman jirgin sama.<ref name="EPL Records">{{Cite web |title=Records |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107021729/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |archive-date=7 November 2011 |access-date=22 March 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta kafa rikodin gasar zakarun Turai a lokacin kakar 2005-06 ta hanyar buga wasanni goma ba tare da ba da kwallo ba, ta doke mafi kyawun bakwai da AC Milan ta kafa. Sun tafi jimlar rikodin minti 995 ba tare da barin abokin hamayyar ya ci kwallo ba; tseren ya ƙare a wasan karshe, lokacin da [[Samuel Eto'o]] ya zira kwallaye 76 na Barcelona.&nbsp; David O'Leary yana da rikodin bayyanar Arsenal, bayan ya buga wasanni 722 na farko tsakanin 1975 da 1993. Rabin tsakiya kuma tsohon kyaftin din [[Tony Adams]] ya zo na biyu, bayan ya buga sau 669. David Seaman ne ke riƙe da rikodin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]], tare da bayyanar 564. <ref name="clubrecords">{{Cite web |title=Club Records |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905054109/http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [[Thierry Henry]] shine babban mai zira kwallaye a kulob din tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa tsakanin 1999 da 2012; ya wuce jimlar Ian Wright na 185 a watan Oktoba 2005. Rubuce-rubucen Wright sun tsaya tun watan Satumbar 1997, lokacin da ya wuce jimlar kwallaye 178 da mai tsaron gida Cliff Bastin ya kafa a shekarar 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Rupert |title=Arsenal vs Bolton. 13/0<!-- no format change -->9/97 |url=http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008220109/http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Arseweb}}</ref> Henry kuma yana da rikodin kulob din don burin da aka zira a League, tare da 175, rikodin da Bastin ya rike har zuwa Fabrairu 2006. <ref name="henry" /> Declan Rice yana riƙe da farashin sa hannu na Arsenal bayan an kammala yarjejeniya da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a watan Yulin 2023, don £ 100 miliyan na farko. Wannan ya wuce tsohon rikodin na fam miliyan 72 ga [[Nicolas Pépé|Nicolas Pepe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2023 |title=Declan Rice: Arsenal sign England midfielder from West Ham in club-record £105m deal |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/12913870/declan-rice-arsenal-sign-england-midfielder-from-west-ham-in-club-record-lb105m-deal |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> == Daraja == Arsenal ta lashe kyautar azurfa ta farko a matsayin Royal Arsenal a shekara ta 1890. Kofin Kent Junior, wanda Royal Arsenal ta lashe, shine Kofin FA na kulob din, yayin da kofin farko ya zo makonni uku bayan haka lokacin da suka lashe kofin Kent Senior . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=The History of Arsenal (AISA Arsenal History Society)}}</ref><ref name="aftlu">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |title=Arsenal first team line ups |url=http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715102949/http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |archive-date=15 July 2016 |access-date=15 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> Babban girmamawa na farko na kasa ya zo ne a 1930, lokacin da suka lashe Kofin FA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2007 |title=GGM 36: Arsenal win their first major trophy |url=http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185120/http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Kungiyar ta ci gaba da samun nasara a cikin shekarun 1930, inda ta lashe kofin FA da kuma gasar kwallon kafa ta farko guda biyar. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 "125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1936–1940 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930230223/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun farko da kofin sau biyu acikin kakar 1970-71 kuma sau biyu ta sake maimaita wannan, a 1997-98 da 2001-02, tare da lashe kofin sau uku na FA Cup da League Cup a 1992-93. Shekarar 2003-04 ita ce kawai kakar wasanni 38 da ba a ci nasara ba a tarihin kwallon kafa na Ingila. An ba da izinin zinare na musamman na gasar Firimiya kuma an gabatar da shi ga kulob din a kakar wasa mai zuwa. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" |+Kyautar Arsenal FC ! style="width: 1%;" |Irin wannan ! style="width: 5%;" |Gasar ! style="width: 1%;" |Takardun sarauta ! style="width: 21%;" |Lokaci |- | rowspan="5" scope="rowgroup" |'''A cikin gida''' ! scope="row" |Sashe na Farko / Premier League{{Efn|Upon its formation in 1992, the [[Premier League]] became the top tier of [[Football in England|English football]]; the [[English Football League|Football League]] [[Football League First Division|First]] and [[Football League Second Division|Second Divisions]] then became the second and third tiers, respectively. From 2004, the First Division became the [[EFL Championship|Championship]] and the Second Division became [[EFL League One|League One]].}} |13 | align="left" |1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin FA | style="background-color:gold" |'''14''' | align="left" |1929–30, 1935–36, 1949–50, 1970–71, 1978–79, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2019–20 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin EFL{{Efn|Until 2016, the unsponsored name of the EFL Cup was the Football League Cup.}} |2 | align="left" |1986–87, 1992–93 |- ! scope="row" |Garkuwar Jama'a ta FA{{Efn|Until 2002, the FA Community Shield was known as the FA Charity Shield.}} |17 | align="left" |1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1991, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2023 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa | style="background-color:gold" |'''1''' | align="left" |1988 |- | rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup" |'''Yankin nahiyar''' ! scope="row" |Kofin Masu Gasar Cin Kofin UEFA |1 | align="left" |1993–94 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci |1 | align="left" |1969–70 |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> b9o7p9rsjhj5h63chrkqb5e79q0za2c 0 10167 887820 886785 2026-07-26T17:06:53Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 887820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 27.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 16.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 12.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 13.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 24.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 04.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (c Kumar, Infosys) 22.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 03.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester external view.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 04.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 10.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester Stadium Wikivoyage banner.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 27.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arsenal vs Manchester City (2013).jpg|thumb]] '''Manchester City Football Club''' akan takaita sunan zuwa '''Man City''', ya kasance ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƴan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wato taka leda dake zaune a garin [[Manchester]], England, UK, suna fafatawa a gasar [[Premier League]], babban gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar England. Manchester City ta fara amfani da kayan sawan ta na gida mai launin girgije tun acikin shekarar ta 1894, kuma shi ne kakar ƙungiyar na farko da ta fara amfani da sunan ta na yanzu. Kulob ɗin ta lashe kofin league guda goma (wanda huɗu daga ciki a jere ta lashe su acikin shekara ta 2020-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024 wanda hakan yasa ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta yi irin haka a tarihi) da lashe Kofin FA bakwai, da EFL takwas, FA Community Shield shida, Gasar UEFA Champions league ɗaya, da kuma European Cup Winners'Cup guda ɗaya. ==Tarihi== An kafa ƙungiyar acikin shekara ta alif ɗari takwas da tamanin (1880), ta shiga cikin gasar English Football League acikin shekara ta 1899,ta lashe babbar gasar na farko da Kofin FA|Kofin [[FIFA|fiFA]] a cikin shekara ta 1904 FA Cup Final shekara ta 1904. Sun samu nasarori a karshen shekara ta 1960s, inda suka lashe kofin League, fiFA Cup da League Cup a karkashin horarwar Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison. Bayan rashin nasarar ta shekarar 1981 FA Cup Final, kulob ɗin ta faɗa cikin rashin tagomashi,da samun Promotion and relegation|relegation har zuwa rukuni na uku a English football league system|English football. [[File:City of Manchester Stadium 2.jpg|thumb|Babban filin wasa na Manchester City ]] [[File:Josep Guardiola 2023-10-04 Fußball, Männer, UEFA Champions League, RB Leipzig - Manchester City FC 1DX 2797 (cropped).jpg|thumb|kocin Manchester City. Pep Guardiola.]] [[File:David Silva shaved Man City 2017 (36471171422) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Captain din Manchester city. David Silva]] Bayan dawowar su cikin gasar Premier League a shekara ta 2000s, An saida kulob din Manchester City acikin shekara ta 2008, wanda Abu Dhabi United Group suka saya a £210&nbsp;million, da samun sa jari da dama. Kulob ta samu nasarar lashe gasa da dama a tsakanin shekarun 2010s, kuma suka zama Kulob ta farko da ta samu kaiwa maki Premier League records and statistics#Points|100 points a kakar gasar [[premier league]]. Kudin shigar kulub din Manchester City shine na biyar a Deloitte Football Money League|fifth highest a duniya a tsakanin shekara ta 2017–har zuwa zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 na kakar gasa, wanda yakai €527.7&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/sports-business-group/articles/deloitte-football-money-league.html|title=Deloitte Football Money League 2018|date=23 January 2018|accessdate=23 January 2018|publisher=Deloitte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8/#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |title=UK Business Insider |access-date=2019-01-26 |archive-date=2018-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118041429/http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> acikin shekara ta 2018, kulub din ita ce na Biyar a Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs|fifth most valuable a duniya da kudin da suka kai $2.47&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2018/06/12/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2018/#3dddb7c845c8|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2018|last=Ozanian|first=Mike|work=Forbes}}</ref>. [[File:2011 FA Cup Final Victory Parade (4).jpg|thumb|kungiyar Manchester City kenan a lokacin murnar lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 2011]] Kulub din nada babban hamayya sosai tsakanin ta da takwarar ta [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a wasa tsakanin su da ake kira da Manchester Derby. ===Shekarun farko da nasarorin farko=== City ta sami karramawar farko ta hanyar cin nasara a rukuni na biyu acikin shekara ta 1899, tare da samun ci gaba zuwa matsayi mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingilishi, Rukunin Farko. Sun ci gaba da neman babbar karramawarsu ta farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1904, inda suka doke Bolton Wanderers 1–0 a Crystal Palace don lashe kofin FA; 'Yan wasan Blues sun yi rashin nasara a gasar League da Cup sau biyu a waccan kakar bayan sun kammala gasar zakarun Turai, amma duk da haka sun zama kulob na farko a Manchester da suka samu babbar daraja.Acikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan nasarar cin kofin FA, kulob din ya fuskanci zarge zarge na rashin bin ƙa'ida, wanda ya kai ga dakatar da 'yan wasa goma sha bakwai acikin shekara ta 1906, ciki har da kyaftin Billy Meredith, wanda daga baya ya wuce garin zuwa Manchester United. Wuta a hanyar Hyde ta lalata babbar tashar acikin shekara ta 1920, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1923 ƙungiyar ta koma sabon filin wasansu da aka gina a Maine Road a cikin Moss Side. A cikin shekarar 1930, Manchester City ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin FA sau biyu a jere, inda ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Everton acikin shekara ta 1933, kafin ta ci kofin da ta doke Portsmouth acikin shekara ta 1934. A lokacin gudu na cikin shekara ta 1934, kulob din ya karya tarihin zuwa gida mafi girma na kowane kulob a kwallon kafa ta Ingila. tarihi, yayin da magoya bayan 84,569 suka cika titin Maine a gasar cin kofin FA zagaye na shida da Stoke City - tarihin da ya tsaya har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016. Kungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko a karon farko a cikin shekara ta 1937, amma an sake fitar da ita a kakar wasa ta gaba, duk da zura kwallaye a raga. fiye da kowace kungiya a rukunin. Shekaru 20 bayan haka, wata ƙungiyar Birni ta yi wahayi zuwa ga tsarin dabara da aka sani da Revie Plan ta sake kai wasan karshe a gasar cin kofin FA a jere, acikin shekara shekara ta 1955 da kuma cikin shekara ta 1956; kamar yadda a cikin shekara ta 1930s, suka yi rashin nasara na farko, a Newcastle United, kuma suka ci na biyu. Wasan karshe da tayi acikin shekara ta 1956, wanda Blues ta doke [[Birmingham]] City daci 3–1, ya ga golan City Bert Trautmann ya ci gaba da taka leda bayan karya wuyansa da rashin sani. ===Zamanin tauraro na farko da kalubalen da suka biyo baya=== Bayan an koma mataki na biyu a cikin 1963, nan gaba ta yi kamar ba ta da kyau tare da ƙarancin halartan gida na 8,015 da Swindon Town a cikin watan Janairun shekara shekara ta 1965. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 1965, an nada ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison . Acikin kakar wasa ta farko a karkashin Mercer, Manchester City ta lashe kambun Division na Biyu kuma ta sanya hannu mai mahimmanci a Mike Summerbee da Colin Bell. Bayan shekaru biyu, a cikin shekara ta 1967–zuwa cikin shekara ta 1968, City ta yi nasarar lashe kofin gasar a karo na biyu, inda ta doke makwabciyarta Manchester United a gasar a ranar karshe ta kakar wasan da ci 4-3 a Newcastle United. Karin kofuna sun biyo baya: City ta lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 1969 kuma bayan shekara guda ta yi nasara a gasar cin kofin Turai, inda ta doke Górnik Zabrze daci2–1 acikin shekara ta 1970 na wasan karshe. Wannan ita ce karramawar da kulob din ya samu a Turai har zuwa nasarar da suka samu a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023. Har ila yau, Blues ta lashe gasar cin kofin League a waccan shekarar, inda ta zama tawagar Ingila ta biyu da ta lashe kofin Turai da kofin gida a kakar wasa guda. Kulob din ya ci gaba da kalubalantar daukaka a cikin shekarun 1970s, inda ya kammala maki daya a bayan zakarun gasar a lokuta biyu kuma ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin League na cikin shekara ta 1974. Daya daga cikin wasannin na wannan lokacin da magoya bayan Manchester City ke tunawa da su shi ne wasan karshe na kakar shekara ta 1973-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1974 da abokan hamayyarta na Manchester United, wadanda ke bukatar yin nasara don samun wani begen gujewa faduwa. Tsohon dan wasan United Denis Law ya zura kwallo da diddige don bai wa City nasara da ci 1-0 a Old Trafford da kuma tabbatar da faduwa daga abokan hamayyarsu. Kofin karshe na lokacin da ya fi samun nasara a kungiyar a karni na 20 an ci shi ne acikin shekarar 1976, lokacin da aka doke Newcastle United da ci 2-1 a wasan karshe na cin kofin League. Wani dogon lokaci na biyo bayan nasarar shekarun 1960 har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1970. Malcolm Allison ya koma kulob din ya zama koci karo na biyu acikin shekarar 1979, amma ya yi almubazzaranci da makudan kudade kan sa hannu da dama da ba su yi nasara ba, irin su Steve Daley. Bayan haka, wasu manajoji sun biyo baya - bakwai a cikin 1980s kadai. Karkashin John Bond, City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA na 1981 amma ta sha kashi a karawar da Tottenham Hotspur ta yi. Sau biyu kulob din ya yi fice daga matakin farko a cikin shekarun 1980 (a cikin shekara ta 1983 dakuma cikin shekara ta 1987), amma kuma ya koma mataki na farko acikin shekara ta 1989 kuma ya kare a matsayi na biyar acikin shekara ta 1991 da 1992 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Peter Reid. Koyaya, wannan ɗan hutu ne kawai, kuma bayan tafiyar Reid dukiyar Manchester City ta ci gaba da dusashewa. City ta kasance masu kafa ƙungiyar Premier League bayan ƙirƙirar ta a cikin shekara ta 1992, amma bayan da ta kare a matsayi na tara a kakar wasan farko, sun yi fama da gwagwarmaya na shekaru uku kafin a sake su acikin shekara ta 1996. mafi ƙasƙanci a tarihin su, zama na biyu da suka lashe kofin Turai da aka sake komawa gasar rukuni-rukuni na ƙasarsu bayan 1. FC Magdeburg ta [[Jamus]]. ===Farfadowa ta biyu=== Bayan da aka tashi daga gasar, kulob din ya fuskanci tashe-tashen hankula a waje, tare da sabon shugaban David Bernstein ya gabatar da ingantaccen tsarin kasafin kudi. Karkashin kociyan Joe Royle, City ta sami daukaka a yunkurin farko, wanda aka samu ta hanyar ban mamaki a wasan karshe na rukuni na biyu da Gillingham. Matsayin ci gaba na biyu a jere ya ga City ta koma mataki na gaba, amma wannan ya zama mataki mai nisa ga ƙungiyar da ke murmurewa, kuma a cikin shekara ta 2001 An sake komawa City sau ɗaya. Kevin Keegan ya maye gurbin Royle a matsayin koci a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta ƙarshe, kuma ya samu koma baya nan da nan zuwa babban rukuni yayin da ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko ta 2001-zuwa cikinn shekara ta 2002, ta karya tarihin ƙungiyar na yawan maki da aka zura a raga a kakar wasa ɗaya a gasar. tsari.Acikin Kakar wasw ta cikin shekar ta 2002–zuwa cikin 03 ita ce ta ƙarshe a Maine Road kuma ta haɗa da 3-1 derby nasara akan abokan hammayarsu Manchester United, wanda ya kawo karshen shekara 13 da aka yi ba tare da nasara ba. Bugu da ƙari, City ta cancanci shiga gasar Turai a karon farko cikin shekaru 25 ta hanyar UEFA fair play ranking. A karshen kakar wasa ta 2003–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2004, kulob din ya koma sabon City na filin wasa na Manchester. Shekaru hudu na farko a filin wasa duk sun haifar da kammala tsakiyar tebur. Tsohon manajan Ingila Sven-Göran Eriksson ya zama kociyan kungiyar na kasashen waje na farko lokacin da aka nada shi a shekarar 2007. Bayan fara wasa mai kyau, wasan kwaikwayo ya dusashe a rabin na biyu na kakar wasa, kuma an kori Eriksson a ranar 2 ga Yunin shekara ta 2008; Mark Hughes ya maye gurbinsa bayan kwana biyu. Acikin shekara ta 2008, Manchester City ta kasance cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin kuɗi. Thaksin Shinawatra ya karbi ragamar kulab din a shekarar da ta gabata, amma fafutukar siyasarsa ta ga kadarorinsa sun daskare. Sannan, a cikin Agustan shekara ta 2008, Ƙungiyar Abu Dhabi United ta sayi Birni. Taken ya biyo bayan yunƙurin neman manyan ‘yan wasa; Kulob din ya karya tarihin sayan 'yan wasa na Biritaniya ta hanyar siyan Robinho dan kasar [[Brazil]] daga Real Madrid kan fan miliyan 32.5. Ba a samu wani gagarumin ci gaba ba idan aka kwatanta da kakar da ta gabata duk da kwararar kudi duk da haka, kungiyar ta kare a mataki na goma, duk da cewa ta yi rawar gani ta kai wasan daf da na kusa da karshe a gasar cin kofin UEFA. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 2009, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki kashe kuɗin canja wuri zuwa matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba, tare da kashe sama da fam miliyan 100 akan 'yan wasa Gareth Barry, Roque Santa Cruz, Kolo Touré, Emmanuel Adebayor, Carlos Tevez, da Joleon Lescott. A cikin Disamban shekara ta 2009, Mark Hughes - wanda aka ɗauke shi aiki jim kaɗan kafin canjin ikon mallakar amma tun asali sabuwar hukumar ta riƙe shi - Roberto Mancini ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin manaja. City ta kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na biyar a gasar Premier, da kyar ta rasa gurbin shiga gasar zakarun Turai amma ta cancanci shiga gasar UEFA Europa League. ===Zaman tauraro na biyu da zuwan Pep Guardiola=== Ci gaba da saka hannun jari a cikin 'yan wasa ya biyo baya a lokuta masu zuwa, kuma sakamakon ya fara daidai da haɓakar ingancin ɗan wasa. City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA acikin shekarar 2011, babban wasan karshe na farko cikin sama da shekaru 30, bayan da ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United a wasan kusa da na karshe, karo na farko da ta fitar da abokiyar karawarta daga gasar cin kofin tun cikin shekara 1975. Blues ta doke Stoke. City 1–0 a wasan karshe, inda ta samu nasarar cin kofin FA karo na biyar da kuma babban kofi na farko da kungiyar ta lashe tun bayan lashe kofin League na 1976. A ranar karshe ta kakar ta shekara ta 2010-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2011, City ta doke [[Arsenal F.C.]] a matsayi na uku, ta yadda ta samu cancantar shiga gasar zakarun Turai kai tsaye a group stage. An ci gaba da yin wasanni masu ƙarfi da kuma cimma nasarori a kakar wasan shekara ta 2011–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2012, gami da nasarar da suka yi da Tottenham da ci 5–1 a White Hart Lane da kuma nasarar da ta yi daidai da 6–1 a kan Manchester United a Old Trafford, amma rashin kyawun tsari a rabin na biyu kakar wasan dai ya bar City a matsayi na biyu da maki takwas tsakaninta da United saura wasanni shida kacal a buga. A wannan lokacin, United ta yi rashin nasara a kan ta, inda ta yi kasa da maki takwas a cikin wasanni hudu, yayin da City ta fara samun nasara a jere, wanda ya sa kungiyoyin biyu suka tashi da maki daya saura wasanni biyu. Duk da Buluwa kawai suna bukatar nasara a gida da Queens Park Rangers, kungiya a yankin relegation, sun fadi a baya da ci 1-2 a karshen lokacin al'ada. Duk da haka, kwallaye biyu da aka zura a lokacin rauni – na biyu da Sergio Agüero ya zura a cikin minti na hudu da aka kara - ya daidaita kambin da City ta samu, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama kungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Premier da maki kadai. A kakar wasa ta gaba, City ta kasa yin kwafin nasarar da ta samu a shekarar da ta gabata. Bayan kammala gasar ta biyu a gasar, maki goma sha daya a bayan Manchester United, da rashin nasara a gasar cin kofin FA 0–1 a hannun Wigan Athletic da ta koma mataki na daya, an kori Mancini. Manajan Chilean Manuel Pellegrini ne ya maye gurbinsa. Acikin shekarar farko ta Pellegrini, City ta lashe kofin League kuma ta sake samun kofin Premier a ranar wasan karshe na kakar wasa. Tsarin gasar kungiyar sannan sannu a hankali ya ragu cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, yayin da Blues din ta kare a matsayi na biyu acikin shekara ta 2014–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015 sannan ta koma ta hudu a cikin shekara ta 2015–har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016, kodayake kakar 2015–dakuma 2016 za ta ga City ta lashe wani kofin gasar Gasar Zakarun Turai na kusa da na karshe a karon farko. Pep Guardiola, tsohon kocin Barcelona da Bayern Munich, an tabbatar da zama sabon kocin Manchester City a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 2016, tare da sanar da sanarwar watanni da yawa kafin Manuel Pellegrini ya bar mukaminsa. Kakar farko ta Guardiola a Manchester za ta kawo karshen gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai, inda Blues ke matsayi na uku a kan teburin gasar, amma kakar wasan da ta biyo baya ta samu nasara sosai, yayin da City ta lashe kofin Premier da maki mafi girma a tarihi tare da karya wasu kungiyoyi da na Ingila da dama. rubuce-rubuce a kan hanya. Wannan zai zama farkon nasarar da Manchester City ta samu a karkashin Guardiola. Tsakanin wasannin shekara ta 2017-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 na gasar Premier, City ta lashe kofunan lig biyar cikin shida, inda ta zo ta biyu a bayan Liverpool a kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin ta 2020. Guardiola ya kuma jagoranci Blues zuwa gasar cin kofin gida, wanda aka haskaka ta nasarar cin Kofin League guda hudu a jere a 2018-2021. A lokacin kakar 2018-2019, City ta kammala babban gasar cikin gida da ba a taɓa gani ba na taken maza na Ingilishi. Baya ga lashe dukkanin manyan gasa uku na gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, sun kuma lashe Garkuwar Jama'a, wanda shi ne karon farko da kowace kungiya ta taba rike dukkan kofunan kwallon kafa hudu na Ingila a lokaci guda. A matakin nahiyar, kulob din ya samu ci gaba a cikin 2020-21, inda ya kai wasan karshe na Gasar Zakarun Turai na farko. A cikin duk wani al'amari na Turanci, City ta yi rashin nasara 0-1 a Chelsea a Estádio do Dragão a [[Porto]].<ref>http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/football/the-resources-and-power-of-sheikh-mansoor-makes-this-deal-a-seismic-moment-for-the-aleague/story-fni2wcjl-1226808309758</ref> Kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2022-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 ta zama mafi girma a tarihin ƙungiyar, yayin da Manchester City ta lashe kofin Premier karo na uku a jere, da gasar cin kofin FA da abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United, da kuma kofin gasar zakarun Turai na farko a filin wasa na Olympics na Atatürk da ke Istanbul Inter [[Milano|Milan]], ta haka ne ke haɗa wani abu mai wuyar gaske - wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na nahiyar. Hanyar cin kofin zakarun Turai ya hada da nasarar da Bayern Munich ta yi a Turai, wadda ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, da kuma Real Madrid, wadda ta sha kashi a hannun City da ci 1-5.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070205055003/http://www.plusmarketsgroup.com/details.shtml?ISIN=GB0005599336</ref> Zamanin Manchester City na ci gaba da fafatawa a gasa ya zo daidai da tuhume-tuhume da kuma a lokuta da dama da aka samu na keta dokokin Financial Fair Play (FFP) da dokokin Premier League. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Manchester City ta kasance batun yarjejeniyar sasantawa da UEFA wanda, a cikin matakai da yawa, an sanya iyaka kan adadin 'yan wasan da za su iya yin rajista a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan wasan na UEFA da kuma adadin da za a iya kashewa. a kan canja wuri da kuɗin fa'idar ma'aikata, an kuma bayar da tarar.<ref>https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/10-things-you-need-know-about-manchester-clubs-humble-beginnings</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2017, Premier League ta ci tarar Manchester City tare da dakatar da siyan wasu 'yan wasa na makarantar shekaru biyu bayan da aka same su da karya dokokin ci gaban matasa. Acikin shekarar 2020, Kotun sauraron kararrakin wasanni (CAS) ta yanke hukuncin cewa wasu takunkumin da UEFA ta sanyawa kulob din bai dace ba, wanda hakan ya yi watsi da dakatarwar da City ta yi na tsawon shekaru biyu a Turai, amma duk da haka ta gano cewa kulob din ya keta ka'idojin UEFA ta hanyar rashin bayar da hadin kai da kuma kawo cikas ga kungiyar. bincike, kuma saboda wannan "tsanani mai tsanani" ya ci tarar kulob din. A cikin shekara ta 2023, Premier League ta ba da sanarwar nata binciken zargin da ake yi wa Manchester City, inda take tuhumar kungiyar da keta dokokin FFP har 115 har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2017-18. ===Tarihin gasar=== *1892–1899 Division 2 (L2) *1899–1902 Division 1 (L1) *1902–1903 Division 2 (L2) *1903–1909 Division 1 (L1) *1909–1910 Division 2 (L2) *1910–1926 Division 1 (L1) *1926–1928 Division 2 (L2) *1928–1938 Division 1 (L1) *1938–1947 Division 2 (L2) *1947–1950 Division 1 (L1) *1950–1951 Division 2 (L2) *1951–1963 Division 1 (L1) *1963–1966 Division 2 (L2) *1966–1983 Division 1 (L1) *1983–1985 Division 2 (L2) *1985–1987 Division 1 (L1) *1987–1989 Division 2 (L2) *1989–1992 Division 1 (L1) *1992–1996 Premier League (L1) *1996–1998 Division 1 (L2) *1998–1999 Division 2 (L3) *1999–2000 Division 1 (2) *2000–2001 Premier League (L1) *2001–2002 Division 1 (L2) *2002– Premier League (L1) ==Launuka da kuma Alamun Kulob== Launukan gidan Manchester City shuɗi ne da fari. Launukan kit na gargajiya sun kasance ko dai maroon ko (daga shekarun 1960) ja da baki; duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an yi amfani da launuka da dama. Ba a san asalin launukan gidan kulob din ba, amma akwai alamun cewa kulob din ya sanya shudi tun cikin shekara ta 1892 ko kuma baya. Wani ɗan littafi mai suna Shahararrun Kungiyoyin Kwallon Kafa - Manchester City wanda aka buga a shekarun 1940 ya nuna cewa West Gorton (St. Marks) tun asali tana wasa da ja da baki, kuma rahotanni daga 1884 sun bayyana ƙungiyar sanye da baƙaƙen riga mai ɗauke da farar giciye, wanda ke nuna asalin ƙungiyar kamar haka. gefen coci. Yin amfani da launin ja da baƙar fata ba safai ba har yanzu ya fito ne daga imanin tsohon mataimakin manajan Malcolm Allison cewa ɗaukar launukan AC Milan zai ƙarfafa City ga ɗaukaka. Alamar Allison da alama yana aiki, tare da City ta lashe gasar cin kofin FA 1969, da 1970 kofin cin Kofin Jikiriku a 1970 yayin da ake adawa da Kungiyar Sky Blue. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:City, Manchester}} [[Category: Kungiyoyi kwallon kafa]] kehkiovch7xcxr5j6x6srcp3dz8kb4y 887821 887820 2026-07-26T17:10:36Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 887821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 27.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 16.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 12.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 13.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 24.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 04.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (c Kumar, Infosys) 22.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 03.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester external view.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 04.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 10.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester Stadium Wikivoyage banner.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 27.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arsenal vs Manchester City (2013).jpg|thumb]] '''Manchester City Football Club''' akan takaita sunan zuwa '''Man City''', ya kasance ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƴan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wato taka leda dake zaune a garin [[Manchester]], England, UK, suna fafatawa a gasar [[Premier League]], babban gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar England. Manchester City ta fara amfani da kayan sawan ta na gida mai launin girgije tun acikin shekarar ta 1894, kuma shi ne kakar ƙungiyar na farko da ta fara amfani da sunan ta na yanzu. Kulob ɗin ta lashe kofin league guda goma (wanda huɗu daga ciki a jere ta lashe su acikin shekara ta 2020-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024 wanda hakan yasa ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta yi irin haka a tarihi) da lashe Kofin FA bakwai, da EFL takwas, FA Community Shield shida, Gasar UEFA Champions league ɗaya, da kuma European Cup Winners'Cup guda ɗaya. ==Tarihi== An kafa ƙungiyar acikin shekara ta alif ɗari takwas da tamanin (1880), ta shiga cikin gasar English Football League acikin shekara ta 1899,ta lashe babbar gasar na farko da Kofin FA|Kofin [[FIFA|fiFA]] a cikin shekara ta 1904 FA Cup Final shekara ta 1904. Sun samu nasarori a karshen shekara ta 1960s, inda suka lashe kofin League, fiFA Cup da League Cup a karkashin horarwar Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison. Bayan rashin nasarar ta shekarar 1981 FA Cup Final, kulob ɗin ta faɗa cikin rashin tagomashi,da samun Promotion and relegation|relegation har zuwa rukuni na uku a English football league system|English football. [[File:City of Manchester Stadium 2.jpg|thumb|Babban filin wasa na Manchester City ]] [[File:Josep Guardiola 2023-10-04 Fußball, Männer, UEFA Champions League, RB Leipzig - Manchester City FC 1DX 2797 (cropped).jpg|thumb|kocin Manchester City. Pep Guardiola.]] [[File:David Silva shaved Man City 2017 (36471171422) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Captain din Manchester city. David Silva]] Bayan dawowar su cikin gasar Premier League a shekara ta 2000s, An saida kulob din Manchester City acikin shekara ta 2008, wanda Abu Dhabi United Group suka saya a £210&nbsp;million, da samun sa jari da dama. Kulob ta samu nasarar lashe gasa da dama a tsakanin shekarun 2010s, kuma suka zama Kulob ta farko da ta samu kaiwa maki Premier League records and statistics#Points|100 points a kakar gasar [[premier league]]. Kudin shigar kulub din Manchester City shine na biyar a Deloitte Football Money League|fifth highest a duniya a tsakanin shekara ta 2017–har zuwa zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 na kakar gasa, wanda yakai €527.7&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/sports-business-group/articles/deloitte-football-money-league.html|title=Deloitte Football Money League 2018|date=23 January 2018|accessdate=23 January 2018|publisher=Deloitte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8/#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |title=UK Business Insider |access-date=2019-01-26 |archive-date=2018-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118041429/http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> acikin shekara ta 2018, kulub din ita ce na Biyar a Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs|fifth most valuable a duniya da kudin da suka kai $2.47&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2018/06/12/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2018/#3dddb7c845c8|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2018|last=Ozanian|first=Mike|work=Forbes}}</ref>. [[File:2011 FA Cup Final Victory Parade (4).jpg|thumb|kungiyar Manchester City kenan a lokacin murnar lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 2011]] Kulub din nada babban hamayya sosai tsakanin ta da takwarar ta [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a wasa tsakanin su da ake kira da Manchester Derby. ===Shekarun farko da nasarorin farko=== City ta sami karramawar farko ta hanyar cin nasara a rukuni na biyu acikin shekara ta 1899, tare da samun ci gaba zuwa matsayi mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingilishi, Rukunin Farko. Sun ci gaba da neman babbar karramawarsu ta farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1904, inda suka doke Bolton Wanderers 1–0 a Crystal Palace don lashe kofin FA; 'Yan wasan Blues sun yi rashin nasara a gasar League da Cup sau biyu a waccan kakar bayan sun kammala gasar zakarun Turai, amma duk da haka sun zama kulob na farko a Manchester da suka samu babbar daraja.Acikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan nasarar cin kofin FA, kulob din ya fuskanci zarge zarge na rashin bin ƙa'ida, wanda ya kai ga dakatar da 'yan wasa goma sha bakwai acikin shekara ta 1906, ciki har da kyaftin Billy Meredith, wanda daga baya ya wuce garin zuwa Manchester United. Wuta a hanyar Hyde ta lalata babbar tashar acikin shekara ta 1920, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1923 ƙungiyar ta koma sabon filin wasansu da aka gina a Maine Road a cikin Moss Side. A cikin shekarar 1930, Manchester City ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin FA sau biyu a jere, inda ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Everton acikin shekara ta 1933, kafin ta ci kofin da ta doke Portsmouth acikin shekara ta 1934. A lokacin gudu na cikin shekara ta 1934, kulob din ya karya tarihin zuwa gida mafi girma na kowane kulob a kwallon kafa ta Ingila. tarihi, yayin da magoya bayan 84,569 suka cika titin Maine a gasar cin kofin FA zagaye na shida da Stoke City - tarihin da ya tsaya har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016. Kungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko a karon farko a cikin shekara ta 1937, amma an sake fitar da ita a kakar wasa ta gaba, duk da zura kwallaye a raga. fiye da kowace kungiya a rukunin. Shekaru 20 bayan haka, wata ƙungiyar Birni ta yi wahayi zuwa ga tsarin dabara da aka sani da Revie Plan ta sake kai wasan karshe a gasar cin kofin FA a jere, acikin shekara shekara ta 1955 da kuma cikin shekara ta 1956; kamar yadda a cikin shekara ta 1930s, suka yi rashin nasara na farko, a Newcastle United, kuma suka ci na biyu. Wasan karshe da tayi acikin shekara ta 1956, wanda Blues ta doke [[Birmingham]] City daci 3–1, ya ga golan City Bert Trautmann ya ci gaba da taka leda bayan karya wuyansa da rashin sani. ===Zamanin tauraro na farko da kalubalen da suka biyo baya=== Bayan an koma mataki na biyu a cikin 1963, nan gaba ta yi kamar ba ta da kyau tare da ƙarancin halartan gida na 8,015 da Swindon Town a cikin watan Janairun shekara shekara ta 1965. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 1965, an nada ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison . Acikin kakar wasa ta farko a karkashin Mercer, Manchester City ta lashe kambun Division na Biyu kuma ta sanya hannu mai mahimmanci a Mike Summerbee da Colin Bell. Bayan shekaru biyu, a cikin shekara ta 1967–zuwa cikin shekara ta 1968, City ta yi nasarar lashe kofin gasar a karo na biyu, inda ta doke makwabciyarta Manchester United a gasar a ranar karshe ta kakar wasan da ci 4-3 a Newcastle United. Karin kofuna sun biyo baya: City ta lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 1969 kuma bayan shekara guda ta yi nasara a gasar cin kofin Turai, inda ta doke Górnik Zabrze daci 2–1 acikin shekara ta 1970 na wasan karshe. Wannan ita ce karramawar da kulob din ya samu a Turai har zuwa nasarar da suka samu a gasar zakarun Turai ta cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023. Har ila yau, Blues ta lashe gasar cin kofin League a waccan shekarar, inda ta zama tawagar Ingila ta biyu da ta lashe kofin Turai da kofin gida a kakar wasa guda. Kulob din ya ci gaba da kalubalantar daukaka a cikin shekarun 1970s, inda ya kammala maki daya a bayan zakarun gasar a lokuta biyu kuma ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin League na cikin shekara ta 1974. Daya daga cikin wasannin na wannan lokacin da magoya bayan Manchester City ke tunawa da su shi ne wasan karshe na kakar shekara ta 1973-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1974 da abokan hamayyarta na Manchester United, wadanda ke bukatar yin nasara don samun wani begen gujewa faduwa. Tsohon dan wasan United Denis Law ya zura kwallo da diddige don bai wa City nasara da ci 1-0 a Old Trafford da kuma tabbatar da faduwa daga abokan hamayyarsu. Kofin karshe na lokacin da ya fi samun nasara a kungiyar a karni na 20 an ci shi ne acikin shekarar 1976, lokacin da aka doke Newcastle United da ci 2-1 a wasan karshe na cin kofin League. Wani dogon lokaci na biyo bayan nasarar shekarun 1960 har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1970. Malcolm Allison ya koma kulob din ya zama koci karo na biyu acikin shekarar 1979, amma ya yi almubazzaranci da makudan kudade kan sa hannu da dama da ba su yi nasara ba, irin su Steve Daley. Bayan haka, wasu manajoji sun biyo baya - bakwai a cikin 1980s kadai. Karkashin John Bond, City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA na 1981 amma ta sha kashi a karawar da Tottenham Hotspur ta yi. Sau biyu kulob din ya yi fice daga matakin farko a cikin shekarun 1980 (a cikin shekara ta 1983 dakuma cikin shekara ta 1987), amma kuma ya koma mataki na farko acikin shekara ta 1989 kuma ya kare a matsayi na biyar acikin shekara ta 1991 da 1992 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Peter Reid. Koyaya, wannan ɗan hutu ne kawai, kuma bayan tafiyar Reid dukiyar Manchester City ta ci gaba da dusashewa. City ta kasance masu kafa ƙungiyar Premier League bayan ƙirƙirar ta a cikin shekara ta 1992, amma bayan da ta kare a matsayi na tara a kakar wasan farko, sun yi fama da gwagwarmaya na shekaru uku kafin a sake su acikin shekara ta 1996. mafi ƙasƙanci a tarihin su, zama na biyu da suka lashe kofin Turai da aka sake komawa gasar rukuni-rukuni na ƙasarsu bayan 1. FC Magdeburg ta [[Jamus]]. ===Farfadowa ta biyu=== Bayan da aka tashi daga gasar, kulob din ya fuskanci tashe-tashen hankula a waje, tare da sabon shugaban David Bernstein ya gabatar da ingantaccen tsarin kasafin kudi. Karkashin kociyan Joe Royle, City ta sami daukaka a yunkurin farko, wanda aka samu ta hanyar ban mamaki a wasan karshe na rukuni na biyu da Gillingham. Matsayin ci gaba na biyu a jere ya ga City ta koma mataki na gaba, amma wannan ya zama mataki mai nisa ga ƙungiyar da ke murmurewa, kuma a cikin shekara ta 2001 An sake komawa City sau ɗaya. Kevin Keegan ya maye gurbin Royle a matsayin koci a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta ƙarshe, kuma ya samu koma baya nan da nan zuwa babban rukuni yayin da ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko ta 2001-zuwa cikinn shekara ta 2002, ta karya tarihin ƙungiyar na yawan maki da aka zura a raga a kakar wasa ɗaya a gasar. tsari.Acikin Kakar wasw ta cikin shekar ta 2002–zuwa cikin 03 ita ce ta ƙarshe a Maine Road kuma ta haɗa da 3-1 derby nasara akan abokan hammayarsu Manchester United, wanda ya kawo karshen shekara 13 da aka yi ba tare da nasara ba. Bugu da ƙari, City ta cancanci shiga gasar Turai a karon farko cikin shekaru 25 ta hanyar UEFA fair play ranking. A karshen kakar wasa ta 2003–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2004, kulob din ya koma sabon City na filin wasa na Manchester. Shekaru hudu na farko a filin wasa duk sun haifar da kammala tsakiyar tebur. Tsohon manajan Ingila Sven-Göran Eriksson ya zama kociyan kungiyar na kasashen waje na farko lokacin da aka nada shi a shekarar 2007. Bayan fara wasa mai kyau, wasan kwaikwayo ya dusashe a rabin na biyu na kakar wasa, kuma an kori Eriksson a ranar 2 ga Yunin shekara ta 2008; Mark Hughes ya maye gurbinsa bayan kwana biyu. Acikin shekara ta 2008, Manchester City ta kasance cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin kuɗi. Thaksin Shinawatra ya karbi ragamar kulab din a shekarar da ta gabata, amma fafutukar siyasarsa ta ga kadarorinsa sun daskare. Sannan, a cikin Agustan shekara ta 2008, Ƙungiyar Abu Dhabi United ta sayi Birni. Taken ya biyo bayan yunƙurin neman manyan ‘yan wasa; Kulob din ya karya tarihin sayan 'yan wasa na Biritaniya ta hanyar siyan Robinho dan kasar [[Brazil]] daga Real Madrid kan fan miliyan 32.5. Ba a samu wani gagarumin ci gaba ba idan aka kwatanta da kakar da ta gabata duk da kwararar kudi duk da haka, kungiyar ta kare a mataki na goma, duk da cewa ta yi rawar gani ta kai wasan daf da na kusa da karshe a gasar cin kofin UEFA. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 2009, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki kashe kuɗin canja wuri zuwa matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba, tare da kashe sama da fam miliyan 100 akan 'yan wasa Gareth Barry, Roque Santa Cruz, Kolo Touré, Emmanuel Adebayor, Carlos Tevez, da Joleon Lescott. A cikin Disamban shekara ta 2009, Mark Hughes - wanda aka ɗauke shi aiki jim kaɗan kafin canjin ikon mallakar amma tun asali sabuwar hukumar ta riƙe shi - Roberto Mancini ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin manaja. City ta kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na biyar a gasar Premier, da kyar ta rasa gurbin shiga gasar zakarun Turai amma ta cancanci shiga gasar UEFA Europa League. ===Zaman tauraro na biyu da zuwan Pep Guardiola=== Ci gaba da saka hannun jari a cikin 'yan wasa ya biyo baya a lokuta masu zuwa, kuma sakamakon ya fara daidai da haɓakar ingancin ɗan wasa. City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA acikin shekarar 2011, babban wasan karshe na farko cikin sama da shekaru 30, bayan da ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United a wasan kusa da na karshe, karo na farko da ta fitar da abokiyar karawarta daga gasar cin kofin tun cikin shekara 1975. Blues ta doke Stoke. City 1–0 a wasan karshe, inda ta samu nasarar cin kofin FA karo na biyar da kuma babban kofi na farko da kungiyar ta lashe tun bayan lashe kofin League na 1976. A ranar karshe ta kakar ta shekara ta 2010-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2011, City ta doke [[Arsenal F.C.]] a matsayi na uku, ta yadda ta samu cancantar shiga gasar zakarun Turai kai tsaye a group stage. An ci gaba da yin wasanni masu ƙarfi da kuma cimma nasarori a kakar wasan shekara ta 2011–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2012, gami da nasarar da suka yi da Tottenham da ci 5–1 a White Hart Lane da kuma nasarar da ta yi daidai da 6–1 a kan Manchester United a Old Trafford, amma rashin kyawun tsari a rabin na biyu kakar wasan dai ya bar City a matsayi na biyu da maki takwas tsakaninta da United saura wasanni shida kacal a buga. A wannan lokacin, United ta yi rashin nasara a kan ta, inda ta yi kasa da maki takwas a cikin wasanni hudu, yayin da City ta fara samun nasara a jere, wanda ya sa kungiyoyin biyu suka tashi da maki daya saura wasanni biyu. Duk da Buluwa kawai suna bukatar nasara a gida da Queens Park Rangers, kungiya a yankin relegation, sun fadi a baya da ci 1-2 a karshen lokacin al'ada. Duk da haka, kwallaye biyu da aka zura a lokacin rauni – na biyu da Sergio Agüero ya zura a cikin minti na hudu da aka kara - ya daidaita kambin da City ta samu, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama kungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Premier da maki kadai. A kakar wasa ta gaba, City ta kasa yin kwafin nasarar da ta samu a shekarar da ta gabata. Bayan kammala gasar ta biyu a gasar, maki goma sha daya a bayan Manchester United, da rashin nasara a gasar cin kofin FA 0–1 a hannun Wigan Athletic da ta koma mataki na daya, an kori Mancini. Manajan Chilean Manuel Pellegrini ne ya maye gurbinsa. Acikin shekarar farko ta Pellegrini, City ta lashe kofin League kuma ta sake samun kofin Premier a ranar wasan karshe na kakar wasa. Tsarin gasar kungiyar sannan sannu a hankali ya ragu cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, yayin da Blues din ta kare a matsayi na biyu acikin shekara ta 2014–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015 sannan ta koma ta hudu a cikin shekara ta 2015–har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016, kodayake kakar 2015–dakuma 2016 za ta ga City ta lashe wani kofin gasar Gasar Zakarun Turai na kusa da na karshe a karon farko. Pep Guardiola, tsohon kocin Barcelona da Bayern Munich, an tabbatar da zama sabon kocin Manchester City a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 2016, tare da sanar da sanarwar watanni da yawa kafin Manuel Pellegrini ya bar mukaminsa. Kakar farko ta Guardiola a Manchester za ta kawo karshen gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai, inda Blues ke matsayi na uku a kan teburin gasar, amma kakar wasan da ta biyo baya ta samu nasara sosai, yayin da City ta lashe kofin Premier da maki mafi girma a tarihi tare da karya wasu kungiyoyi da na Ingila da dama. rubuce-rubuce a kan hanya. Wannan zai zama farkon nasarar da Manchester City ta samu a karkashin Guardiola. Tsakanin wasannin shekara ta 2017-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 na gasar Premier, City ta lashe kofunan lig biyar cikin shida, inda ta zo ta biyu a bayan Liverpool a kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin ta 2020. Guardiola ya kuma jagoranci Blues zuwa gasar cin kofin gida, wanda aka haskaka ta nasarar cin Kofin League guda hudu a jere a 2018-2021. A lokacin kakar 2018-2019, City ta kammala babban gasar cikin gida da ba a taɓa gani ba na taken maza na Ingilishi. Baya ga lashe dukkanin manyan gasa uku na gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, sun kuma lashe Garkuwar Jama'a, wanda shi ne karon farko da kowace kungiya ta taba rike dukkan kofunan kwallon kafa hudu na Ingila a lokaci guda. A matakin nahiyar, kulob din ya samu ci gaba a cikin 2020-21, inda ya kai wasan karshe na Gasar Zakarun Turai na farko. A cikin duk wani al'amari na Turanci, City ta yi rashin nasara 0-1 a Chelsea a Estádio do Dragão a [[Porto]].<ref>http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/football/the-resources-and-power-of-sheikh-mansoor-makes-this-deal-a-seismic-moment-for-the-aleague/story-fni2wcjl-1226808309758</ref> Kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2022-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 ta zama mafi girma a tarihin ƙungiyar, yayin da Manchester City ta lashe kofin Premier karo na uku a jere, da gasar cin kofin FA da abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United, da kuma kofin gasar zakarun Turai na farko a filin wasa na Olympics na Atatürk da ke Istanbul Inter [[Milano|Milan]], ta haka ne ke haɗa wani abu mai wuyar gaske - wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na nahiyar. Hanyar cin kofin zakarun Turai ya hada da nasarar da Bayern Munich ta yi a Turai, wadda ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, da kuma Real Madrid, wadda ta sha kashi a hannun City da ci 1-5.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070205055003/http://www.plusmarketsgroup.com/details.shtml?ISIN=GB0005599336</ref> Zamanin Manchester City na ci gaba da fafatawa a gasa ya zo daidai da tuhume-tuhume da kuma a lokuta da dama da aka samu na keta dokokin Financial Fair Play (FFP) da dokokin Premier League. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Manchester City ta kasance batun yarjejeniyar sasantawa da UEFA wanda, a cikin matakai da yawa, an sanya iyaka kan adadin 'yan wasan da za su iya yin rajista a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan wasan na UEFA da kuma adadin da za a iya kashewa. a kan canja wuri da kuɗin fa'idar ma'aikata, an kuma bayar da tarar.<ref>https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/10-things-you-need-know-about-manchester-clubs-humble-beginnings</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2017, Premier League ta ci tarar Manchester City tare da dakatar da siyan wasu 'yan wasa na makarantar shekaru biyu bayan da aka same su da karya dokokin ci gaban matasa. Acikin shekarar 2020, Kotun sauraron kararrakin wasanni (CAS) ta yanke hukuncin cewa wasu takunkumin da UEFA ta sanyawa kulob din bai dace ba, wanda hakan ya yi watsi da dakatarwar da City ta yi na tsawon shekaru biyu a Turai, amma duk da haka ta gano cewa kulob din ya keta ka'idojin UEFA ta hanyar rashin bayar da hadin kai da kuma kawo cikas ga kungiyar. bincike, kuma saboda wannan "tsanani mai tsanani" ya ci tarar kulob din. A cikin shekara ta 2023, Premier League ta ba da sanarwar nata binciken zargin da ake yi wa Manchester City, inda take tuhumar kungiyar da keta dokokin FFP har 115 har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2017-18. ===Tarihin gasar=== *1892–1899 Division 2 (L2) *1899–1902 Division 1 (L1) *1902–1903 Division 2 (L2) *1903–1909 Division 1 (L1) *1909–1910 Division 2 (L2) *1910–1926 Division 1 (L1) *1926–1928 Division 2 (L2) *1928–1938 Division 1 (L1) *1938–1947 Division 2 (L2) *1947–1950 Division 1 (L1) *1950–1951 Division 2 (L2) *1951–1963 Division 1 (L1) *1963–1966 Division 2 (L2) *1966–1983 Division 1 (L1) *1983–1985 Division 2 (L2) *1985–1987 Division 1 (L1) *1987–1989 Division 2 (L2) *1989–1992 Division 1 (L1) *1992–1996 Premier League (L1) *1996–1998 Division 1 (L2) *1998–1999 Division 2 (L3) *1999–2000 Division 1 (2) *2000–2001 Premier League (L1) *2001–2002 Division 1 (L2) *2002– Premier League (L1) ==Launuka da kuma Alamun Kulob== Launukan gidan Manchester City shuɗi ne da fari. Launukan kit na gargajiya sun kasance ko dai maroon ko (daga shekarun 1960) ja da baki; duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an yi amfani da launuka da dama. Ba a san asalin launukan gidan kulob din ba, amma akwai alamun cewa kulob din ya sanya shudi tun cikin shekara ta 1892 ko kuma baya. Wani ɗan littafi mai suna Shahararrun Kungiyoyin Kwallon Kafa - Manchester City wanda aka buga a shekarun 1940 ya nuna cewa West Gorton (St. Marks) tun asali tana wasa da ja da baki, kuma rahotanni daga 1884 sun bayyana ƙungiyar sanye da baƙaƙen riga mai ɗauke da farar giciye, wanda ke nuna asalin ƙungiyar kamar haka. gefen coci. Yin amfani da launin ja da baƙar fata ba safai ba har yanzu ya fito ne daga imanin tsohon mataimakin manajan Malcolm Allison cewa ɗaukar launukan AC Milan zai ƙarfafa City ga ɗaukaka. Alamar Allison da alama yana aiki, tare da City ta lashe gasar cin kofin FA 1969, da 1970 kofin cin Kofin Jikiriku a 1970 yayin da ake adawa da Kungiyar Sky Blue. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:City, Manchester}} [[Category: Kungiyoyi kwallon kafa]] 2pi14e5nep11q9tmhueho6f0hijoosb 887822 887821 2026-07-26T17:12:28Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 887822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 27.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 16.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 12.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 13.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 24.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 04.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (c Kumar, Infosys) 22.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 03.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester City FC trophies displayed at the Renzo Barbera Stadium 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester external view.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Manchester United FC - Manchester City FC, 25 October 2015 - 04.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 10.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:City of Manchester Stadium Wikivoyage banner.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Etihad Stadium, Manchester City Football Club (Ank Kumar, Infosys) 27.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arsenal vs Manchester City (2013).jpg|thumb]] '''Manchester City Football Club''' akan takaita sunan zuwa '''Man City''', ya kasance ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƴan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wato taka leda dake zaune a garin [[Manchester]], England, UK, suna fafatawa a gasar [[Premier League]], babban gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar England. Manchester City ta fara amfani da kayan sawan ta na gida mai launin girgije tun acikin shekarar ta 1894, kuma shi ne kakar ƙungiyar na farko da ta fara amfani da sunan ta na yanzu. Kulob ɗin ta lashe kofin league guda goma (wanda huɗu daga ciki a jere ta lashe su acikin shekara ta 2020-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024 wanda hakan yasa ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta yi irin haka a tarihi) da lashe Kofin FA bakwai, da EFL takwas, FA Community Shield shida, Gasar UEFA Champions league ɗaya, da kuma European Cup Winners'Cup guda ɗaya. ==Tarihi== An kafa ƙungiyar acikin shekara ta alif ɗari takwas da tamanin (1880), ta shiga cikin gasar English Football League acikin shekara ta 1899,ta lashe babbar gasar na farko da Kofin FA|Kofin [[FIFA|fiFA]] a cikin shekara ta 1904 FA Cup Final shekara ta 1904. Sun samu nasarori a karshen shekara ta 1960s, inda suka lashe kofin League, fiFA Cup da League Cup a karkashin horarwar Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison. Bayan rashin nasarar ta shekarar 1981 FA Cup Final, kulob ɗin ta faɗa cikin rashin tagomashi,da samun Promotion and relegation|relegation har zuwa rukuni na uku a English football league system|English football. [[File:City of Manchester Stadium 2.jpg|thumb|Babban filin wasa na Manchester City ]] [[File:Josep Guardiola 2023-10-04 Fußball, Männer, UEFA Champions League, RB Leipzig - Manchester City FC 1DX 2797 (cropped).jpg|thumb|kocin Manchester City. Pep Guardiola.]] [[File:David Silva shaved Man City 2017 (36471171422) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Captain din Manchester city. David Silva]] Bayan dawowar su cikin gasar Premier League a shekara ta 2000s, An saida kulob din Manchester City acikin shekara ta 2008, wanda Abu Dhabi United Group suka saya a £210&nbsp;million, da samun sa jari da dama. Kulob ta samu nasarar lashe gasa da dama a tsakanin shekarun 2010s, kuma suka zama Kulob ta farko da ta samu kaiwa maki Premier League records and statistics#Points|100 points a kakar gasar [[premier league]]. Kudin shigar kulub din Manchester City shine na biyar a Deloitte Football Money League|fifth highest a duniya a tsakanin shekara ta 2017–har zuwa zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 na kakar gasa, wanda yakai €527.7&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/sports-business-group/articles/deloitte-football-money-league.html|title=Deloitte Football Money League 2018|date=23 January 2018|accessdate=23 January 2018|publisher=Deloitte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8/#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |title=UK Business Insider |access-date=2019-01-26 |archive-date=2018-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118041429/http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-20-most-popular-rich-list-football-teams-on-social-media-2018-8#10-manchester-city-493-million-followers-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> acikin shekara ta 2018, kulub din ita ce na Biyar a Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs|fifth most valuable a duniya da kudin da suka kai $2.47&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2018/06/12/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2018/#3dddb7c845c8|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2018|last=Ozanian|first=Mike|work=Forbes}}</ref>. [[File:2011 FA Cup Final Victory Parade (4).jpg|thumb|kungiyar Manchester City kenan a lokacin murnar lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 2011]] Kulub din nada babban hamayya sosai tsakanin ta da takwarar ta [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a wasa tsakanin su da ake kira da Manchester Derby. ===Shekarun farko da nasarorin farko=== City ta sami karramawar farko ta hanyar cin nasara a rukuni na biyu acikin shekara ta 1899, tare da samun ci gaba zuwa matsayi mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingilishi, Rukunin Farko. Sun ci gaba da neman babbar karramawarsu ta farko a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1904, inda suka doke Bolton Wanderers 1–0 a Crystal Palace don lashe kofin FA; 'Yan wasan Blues sun yi rashin nasara a gasar League da Cup sau biyu a waccan kakar bayan sun kammala gasar zakarun Turai, amma duk da haka sun zama kulob na farko a Manchester da suka samu babbar daraja.Acikin shekarun da suka biyo bayan nasarar cin kofin FA, kulob din ya fuskanci zarge zarge na rashin bin ƙa'ida, wanda ya kai ga dakatar da 'yan wasa goma sha bakwai acikin shekara ta 1906, ciki har da kyaftin Billy Meredith, wanda daga baya ya wuce garin zuwa Manchester United. Wuta a hanyar Hyde ta lalata babbar tashar acikin shekara ta 1920, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1923 ƙungiyar ta koma sabon filin wasansu da aka gina a Maine Road a cikin Moss Side. A cikin shekarar 1930, Manchester City ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin FA sau biyu a jere, inda ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Everton acikin shekara ta 1933, kafin ta ci kofin da ta doke Portsmouth acikin shekara ta 1934. A lokacin gudu na cikin shekara ta 1934, kulob din ya karya tarihin zuwa gida mafi girma na kowane kulob a kwallon kafa ta Ingila. tarihi, yayin da magoya bayan 84,569 suka cika titin Maine a gasar cin kofin FA zagaye na shida da Stoke City - tarihin da ya tsaya har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016. Kungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko a karon farko a cikin shekara ta 1937, amma an sake fitar da ita a kakar wasa ta gaba, duk da zura kwallaye a raga. fiye da kowace kungiya a rukunin. Shekaru 20 bayan haka, wata ƙungiyar Birni ta yi wahayi zuwa ga tsarin dabara da aka sani da Revie Plan ta sake kai wasan karshe a gasar cin kofin FA a jere, acikin shekara shekara ta 1955 da kuma cikin shekara ta 1956; kamar yadda a cikin shekara ta 1930s, suka yi rashin nasara na farko, a Newcastle United, kuma suka ci na biyu. Wasan karshe da tayi acikin shekara ta 1956, wanda Blues ta doke [[Birmingham]] City daci 3–1, ya ga golan City Bert Trautmann ya ci gaba da taka leda bayan karya wuyansa da rashin sani. ===Zamanin tauraro na farko da kalubalen da suka biyo baya=== Bayan an koma mataki na biyu a cikin 1963, nan gaba ta yi kamar ba ta da kyau tare da ƙarancin halartan gida na 8,015 da Swindon Town a cikin watan Janairun shekara shekara ta 1965. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 1965, an nada ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta Joe Mercer da Malcolm Allison . Acikin kakar wasa ta farko a karkashin Mercer, Manchester City ta lashe kambun Division na Biyu kuma ta sanya hannu mai mahimmanci a Mike Summerbee da Colin Bell. Bayan shekaru biyu, a cikin shekara ta 1967–zuwa cikin shekara ta 1968, City ta yi nasarar lashe kofin gasar a karo na biyu, inda ta doke makwabciyarta Manchester United a gasar a ranar karshe ta kakar wasan da ci 4-3 a Newcastle United. Karin kofuna sun biyo baya: City ta lashe kofin FA acikin shekara ta 1969 kuma bayan shekara guda ta yi nasara a gasar cin kofin Turai, inda ta doke Górnik Zabrze daci 2–1 acikin shekara ta 1970 na wasan karshe. Wannan ita ce karramawar da kulob din ya samu a Turai har zuwa nasarar da suka samu a gasar zakarun Turai ta cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023. Har ila yau, Blues ta lashe gasar cin kofin League a waccan shekarar, inda ta zama tawagar Ingila ta biyu da ta lashe kofin Turai da kofin gida a kakar wasa guda. Kulob din ya ci gaba da kalubalantar daukaka a cikin shekarun 1970s, inda ya kammala maki daya a bayan zakarun gasar a lokuta biyu kuma ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin League na cikin shekara ta 1974. Daya daga cikin wasannin na wannan lokacin da magoya bayan Manchester City ke tunawa da su shi ne wasan karshe na kakar shekara ta 1973-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1974 da abokan hamayyarta na Manchester United, wadanda ke bukatar yin nasara don samun wani begen gujewa faduwa. Tsohon dan wasan United Denis Law ya zura kwallo da diddige don bai wa City nasara da ci 1-0 a Old Trafford da kuma tabbatar da faduwa daga abokan hamayyarsu. Kofin karshe na lokacin da ya fi samun nasara a kungiyar a karni na 20 an ci shi ne acikin shekarar 1976, lokacin da aka doke Newcastle United da ci 2-1 a wasan karshe na cin kofin League. Wani dogon lokaci na biyo bayan nasarar shekarun 1960 har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1970. Malcolm Allison ya koma kulob din ya zama koci karo na biyu acikin shekarar 1979, amma ya yi almubazzaranci da makudan kudade kan sa hannu da dama da ba su yi nasara ba, irin su Steve Daley. Bayan haka, wasu manajoji sun biyo baya - bakwai a cikin 1980s kadai. Karkashin John Bond, City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA na 1981 amma ta sha kashi a karawar da Tottenham Hotspur ta yi. Sau biyu kulob din ya yi fice daga matakin farko a cikin shekarun 1980 (a cikin shekara ta 1983 dakuma cikin shekara ta 1987), amma kuma ya koma mataki na farko acikin shekara ta 1989 kuma ya kare a matsayi na biyar acikin shekara ta 1991 da 1992 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Peter Reid. Koyaya, wannan ɗan hutu ne kawai, kuma bayan tafiyar Reid dukiyar Manchester City ta ci gaba da dusashewa. City ta kasance masu kafa ƙungiyar Premier League bayan ƙirƙirar ta a cikin shekara ta 1992, amma bayan da ta kare a matsayi na tara a kakar wasan farko, sun yi fama da gwagwarmaya na shekaru uku kafin a sake su acikin shekara ta 1996. mafi ƙasƙanci a tarihin su, zama na biyu da suka lashe kofin Turai da aka sake komawa gasar rukuni-rukuni na ƙasarsu bayan 1. FC Magdeburg ta [[Jamus]]. ===Farfadowa ta biyu=== Bayan da aka tashi daga gasar, kulob din ya fuskanci tashe-tashen hankula a waje, tare da sabon shugaban David Bernstein ya gabatar da ingantaccen tsarin kasafin kudi. Karkashin kociyan Joe Royle, City ta sami daukaka a yunkurin farko, wanda aka samu ta hanyar ban mamaki a wasan karshe na rukuni na biyu da Gillingham. Matsayin ci gaba na biyu a jere ya ga City ta koma mataki na gaba, amma wannan ya zama mataki mai nisa ga ƙungiyar da ke murmurewa, kuma a cikin shekara ta 2001 An sake komawa City sau ɗaya. Kevin Keegan ya maye gurbin Royle a matsayin koci a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta ƙarshe, kuma ya samu koma baya nan da nan zuwa babban rukuni yayin da ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar rukunin farko ta 2001-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2002, ta karya tarihin ƙungiyar na yawan maki da aka zura a raga a kakar wasa ɗaya a gasar. tsari.Acikin Kakar wasw ta cikin shekar ta 2002–zuwa cikin 03 ita ce ta ƙarshe a Maine Road kuma ta haɗa da 3-1 derby nasara akan abokan hammayarsu Manchester United, wanda ya kawo karshen shekara 13 da aka yi ba tare da nasara ba. Bugu da ƙari, City ta cancanci shiga gasar Turai a karon farko cikin shekaru 25 ta hanyar UEFA fair play ranking. A karshen kakar wasa ta 2003–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2004, kulob din ya koma sabon City na filin wasa na Manchester. Shekaru hudu na farko a filin wasa duk sun haifar da kammala tsakiyar tebur. Tsohon manajan Ingila Sven-Göran Eriksson ya zama kociyan kungiyar na kasashen waje na farko lokacin da aka nada shi a shekarar 2007. Bayan fara wasa mai kyau, wasan kwaikwayo ya dusashe a rabin na biyu na kakar wasa, kuma an kori Eriksson a ranar 2 ga Yunin shekara ta 2008; Mark Hughes ya maye gurbinsa bayan kwana biyu. Acikin shekara ta 2008, Manchester City ta kasance cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin kuɗi. Thaksin Shinawatra ya karbi ragamar kulab din a shekarar da ta gabata, amma fafutukar siyasarsa ta ga kadarorinsa sun daskare. Sannan, a cikin Agustan shekara ta 2008, Ƙungiyar Abu Dhabi United ta sayi Birni. Taken ya biyo bayan yunƙurin neman manyan ‘yan wasa; Kulob din ya karya tarihin sayan 'yan wasa na Biritaniya ta hanyar siyan Robinho dan kasar [[Brazil]] daga Real Madrid kan fan miliyan 32.5. Ba a samu wani gagarumin ci gaba ba idan aka kwatanta da kakar da ta gabata duk da kwararar kudi duk da haka, kungiyar ta kare a mataki na goma, duk da cewa ta yi rawar gani ta kai wasan daf da na kusa da karshe a gasar cin kofin UEFA. A lokacin bazara na cikin shekara ta 2009, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki kashe kuɗin canja wuri zuwa matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba, tare da kashe sama da fam miliyan 100 akan 'yan wasa Gareth Barry, Roque Santa Cruz, Kolo Touré, Emmanuel Adebayor, Carlos Tevez, da Joleon Lescott. A cikin Disamban shekara ta 2009, Mark Hughes - wanda aka ɗauke shi aiki jim kaɗan kafin canjin ikon mallakar amma tun asali sabuwar hukumar ta riƙe shi - Roberto Mancini ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin manaja. City ta kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na biyar a gasar Premier, da kyar ta rasa gurbin shiga gasar zakarun Turai amma ta cancanci shiga gasar UEFA Europa League. ===Zaman tauraro na biyu da zuwan Pep Guardiola=== Ci gaba da saka hannun jari a cikin 'yan wasa ya biyo baya a lokuta masu zuwa, kuma sakamakon ya fara daidai da haɓakar ingancin ɗan wasa. City ta kai wasan karshe na cin kofin FA acikin shekarar 2011, babban wasan karshe na farko cikin sama da shekaru 30, bayan da ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United a wasan kusa da na karshe, karo na farko da ta fitar da abokiyar karawarta daga gasar cin kofin tun cikin shekara 1975. Blues ta doke Stoke. City 1–0 a wasan karshe, inda ta samu nasarar cin kofin FA karo na biyar da kuma babban kofi na farko da kungiyar ta lashe tun bayan lashe kofin League na 1976. A ranar karshe ta kakar ta shekara ta 2010-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2011, City ta doke [[Arsenal F.C.]] a matsayi na uku, ta yadda ta samu cancantar shiga gasar zakarun Turai kai tsaye a group stage. An ci gaba da yin wasanni masu ƙarfi da kuma cimma nasarori a kakar wasan shekara ta 2011–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2012, gami da nasarar da suka yi da Tottenham da ci 5–1 a White Hart Lane da kuma nasarar da ta yi daidai da 6–1 a kan Manchester United a Old Trafford, amma rashin kyawun tsari a rabin na biyu kakar wasan dai ya bar City a matsayi na biyu da maki takwas tsakaninta da United saura wasanni shida kacal a buga. A wannan lokacin, United ta yi rashin nasara a kan ta, inda ta yi kasa da maki takwas a cikin wasanni hudu, yayin da City ta fara samun nasara a jere, wanda ya sa kungiyoyin biyu suka tashi da maki daya saura wasanni biyu. Duk da Buluwa kawai suna bukatar nasara a gida da Queens Park Rangers, kungiya a yankin relegation, sun fadi a baya da ci 1-2 a karshen lokacin al'ada. Duk da haka, kwallaye biyu da aka zura a lokacin rauni – na biyu da Sergio Agüero ya zura a cikin minti na hudu da aka kara - ya daidaita kambin da City ta samu, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama kungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Premier da maki kadai. A kakar wasa ta gaba, City ta kasa yin kwafin nasarar da ta samu a shekarar da ta gabata. Bayan kammala gasar ta biyu a gasar, maki goma sha daya a bayan Manchester United, da rashin nasara a gasar cin kofin FA 0–1 a hannun Wigan Athletic da ta koma mataki na daya, an kori Mancini. Manajan Chilean Manuel Pellegrini ne ya maye gurbinsa. Acikin shekarar farko ta Pellegrini, City ta lashe kofin League kuma ta sake samun kofin Premier a ranar wasan karshe na kakar wasa. Tsarin gasar kungiyar sannan sannu a hankali ya ragu cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, yayin da Blues din ta kare a matsayi na biyu acikin shekara ta 2014–zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015 sannan ta koma ta hudu a cikin shekara ta 2015–har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2016, kodayake kakar 2015–dakuma 2016 za ta ga City ta lashe wani kofin gasar Gasar Zakarun Turai na kusa da na karshe a karon farko. Pep Guardiola, tsohon kocin Barcelona da Bayern Munich, an tabbatar da zama sabon kocin Manchester City a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 2016, tare da sanar da sanarwar watanni da yawa kafin Manuel Pellegrini ya bar mukaminsa. Kakar farko ta Guardiola a Manchester za ta kawo karshen gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai, inda Blues ke matsayi na uku a kan teburin gasar, amma kakar wasan da ta biyo baya ta samu nasara sosai, yayin da City ta lashe kofin Premier da maki mafi girma a tarihi tare da karya wasu kungiyoyi da na Ingila da dama. rubuce-rubuce a kan hanya. Wannan zai zama farkon nasarar da Manchester City ta samu a karkashin Guardiola. Tsakanin wasannin shekara ta 2017-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2018 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 na gasar Premier, City ta lashe kofunan lig biyar cikin shida, inda ta zo ta biyu a bayan Liverpool a kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin ta 2020. Guardiola ya kuma jagoranci Blues zuwa gasar cin kofin gida, wanda aka haskaka ta nasarar cin Kofin League guda hudu a jere a 2018-2021. A lokacin kakar 2018-2019, City ta kammala babban gasar cikin gida da ba a taɓa gani ba na taken maza na Ingilishi. Baya ga lashe dukkanin manyan gasa uku na gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, sun kuma lashe Garkuwar Jama'a, wanda shi ne karon farko da kowace kungiya ta taba rike dukkan kofunan kwallon kafa hudu na Ingila a lokaci guda. A matakin nahiyar, kulob din ya samu ci gaba a cikin 2020-21, inda ya kai wasan karshe na Gasar Zakarun Turai na farko. A cikin duk wani al'amari na Turanci, City ta yi rashin nasara 0-1 a Chelsea a Estádio do Dragão a [[Porto]].<ref>http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/football/the-resources-and-power-of-sheikh-mansoor-makes-this-deal-a-seismic-moment-for-the-aleague/story-fni2wcjl-1226808309758</ref> Kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2022-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023 ta zama mafi girma a tarihin ƙungiyar, yayin da Manchester City ta lashe kofin Premier karo na uku a jere, da gasar cin kofin FA da abokiyar hamayyarta Manchester United, da kuma kofin gasar zakarun Turai na farko a filin wasa na Olympics na Atatürk da ke Istanbul Inter [[Milano|Milan]], ta haka ne ke haɗa wani abu mai wuyar gaske - wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na nahiyar. Hanyar cin kofin zakarun Turai ya hada da nasarar da Bayern Munich ta yi a Turai, wadda ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, da kuma Real Madrid, wadda ta sha kashi a hannun City da ci 1-5.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070205055003/http://www.plusmarketsgroup.com/details.shtml?ISIN=GB0005599336</ref> Zamanin Manchester City na ci gaba da fafatawa a gasa ya zo daidai da tuhume-tuhume da kuma a lokuta da dama da aka samu na keta dokokin Financial Fair Play (FFP) da dokokin Premier League. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Manchester City ta kasance batun yarjejeniyar sasantawa da UEFA wanda, a cikin matakai da yawa, an sanya iyaka kan adadin 'yan wasan da za su iya yin rajista a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan wasan na UEFA da kuma adadin da za a iya kashewa. a kan canja wuri da kuɗin fa'idar ma'aikata, an kuma bayar da tarar.<ref>https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/10-things-you-need-know-about-manchester-clubs-humble-beginnings</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2017, Premier League ta ci tarar Manchester City tare da dakatar da siyan wasu 'yan wasa na makarantar shekaru biyu bayan da aka same su da karya dokokin ci gaban matasa. Acikin shekarar 2020, Kotun sauraron kararrakin wasanni (CAS) ta yanke hukuncin cewa wasu takunkumin da UEFA ta sanyawa kulob din bai dace ba, wanda hakan ya yi watsi da dakatarwar da City ta yi na tsawon shekaru biyu a Turai, amma duk da haka ta gano cewa kulob din ya keta ka'idojin UEFA ta hanyar rashin bayar da hadin kai da kuma kawo cikas ga kungiyar. bincike, kuma saboda wannan "tsanani mai tsanani" ya ci tarar kulob din. A cikin shekara ta 2023, Premier League ta ba da sanarwar nata binciken zargin da ake yi wa Manchester City, inda take tuhumar kungiyar da keta dokokin FFP har 115 har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2017-18. ===Tarihin gasar=== *1892–1899 Division 2 (L2) *1899–1902 Division 1 (L1) *1902–1903 Division 2 (L2) *1903–1909 Division 1 (L1) *1909–1910 Division 2 (L2) *1910–1926 Division 1 (L1) *1926–1928 Division 2 (L2) *1928–1938 Division 1 (L1) *1938–1947 Division 2 (L2) *1947–1950 Division 1 (L1) *1950–1951 Division 2 (L2) *1951–1963 Division 1 (L1) *1963–1966 Division 2 (L2) *1966–1983 Division 1 (L1) *1983–1985 Division 2 (L2) *1985–1987 Division 1 (L1) *1987–1989 Division 2 (L2) *1989–1992 Division 1 (L1) *1992–1996 Premier League (L1) *1996–1998 Division 1 (L2) *1998–1999 Division 2 (L3) *1999–2000 Division 1 (2) *2000–2001 Premier League (L1) *2001–2002 Division 1 (L2) *2002– Premier League (L1) ==Launuka da kuma Alamun Kulob== Launukan gidan Manchester City shuɗi ne da fari. Launukan kit na gargajiya sun kasance ko dai maroon ko (daga shekarun 1960) ja da baki; duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an yi amfani da launuka da dama. Ba a san asalin launukan gidan kulob din ba, amma akwai alamun cewa kulob din ya sanya shudi tun cikin shekara ta 1892 ko kuma baya. Wani ɗan littafi mai suna Shahararrun Kungiyoyin Kwallon Kafa - Manchester City wanda aka buga a shekarun 1940 ya nuna cewa West Gorton (St. Marks) tun asali tana wasa da ja da baki, kuma rahotanni daga 1884 sun bayyana ƙungiyar sanye da baƙaƙen riga mai ɗauke da farar giciye, wanda ke nuna asalin ƙungiyar kamar haka. gefen coci. Yin amfani da launin ja da baƙar fata ba safai ba har yanzu ya fito ne daga imanin tsohon mataimakin manajan Malcolm Allison cewa ɗaukar launukan AC Milan zai ƙarfafa City ga ɗaukaka. Alamar Allison da alama yana aiki, tare da City ta lashe gasar cin kofin FA 1969, da 1970 kofin cin Kofin Jikiriku a 1970 yayin da ake adawa da Kungiyar Sky Blue. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:City, Manchester}} [[Category: Kungiyoyi kwallon kafa]] cvcj7rhhh1gf1yfa6e05v5bi9j7g86a 0 16004 888014 719247 2026-07-27T09:11:41Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Remi-Fani-Kayode.jpg|thumb|hoton Remi]] Cif '''Victor Babaremilekun Adetokunboh Fani-Kayode''', QC, SAN, CON (1921–1995) ya kasance babban ɗan siyasar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nijeriya]], mai kishin ƙasa, [[Ɗan siyasa|ɗan]] kishin ƙasa, [[Ɗan siyasa|ɗan ƙasa]] kuma lauya. An zaɓe shi a matsayin mataimakin firaminista na Yankin Yammacin Najeriya acikin shekarar 1963 <ref name="modernghana.com"/> <ref name="vanguardngr.com"/> kuma ya taka rawa a tarihin shari'ar Najeriya da siyasa daga karshen shekarar 1940 har zuwa shekara ta 1995.<ref name="modernghana.com2">Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html "Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction"], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FANI-KAYODE, (Chief) Victor Babaremilekun Adetokunboh(late)|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/fani-kayode-chief-remi-ade/|last=Admin|date=2017-01-25|website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/1620/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-fiction.html|access-date=2020-05-30|website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> == Asalin iyali da rawar da suka taka a tarihin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Remilekun-Fani-Kayode.jpg|thumb|Remi Fani-Kayode]] Fani-Kayode ya fito ne daga fitattun kuma [[Yarbawa|yayan Ibo yan]] asalin kabilar Ife daga kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Kakansa, Rev. Emmanuel Adedapo Kayode, Firist ne na Anglican wanda ya sami digiri na biyu na Kwalejin Fasaha a Kwalejin Fourah Bay, wanda a wancan lokacin wani bangare ne na Jami'ar Durham . Wannan ya faru a cikin shekarar 1885. Mahaifinsa, Victor Adedapo Kayode, ya karanci aikin lauya kuma ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Selwyn, Cambridge a shekarar 1921, an kira shi zuwa Masallacin Tsakiya a shekarar 1922, sannan ya ci gaba da zama fitaccen lauya sannan kuma ya yi hukunci a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] <ref>{{Cite web|last=rp441|date=2017-07-21|title=Downing's Early Black Cantabs|url=https://www.dow.cam.ac.uk/about/downing-college-archive/archives-college-history/downings-early-black-cantabs|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Downing College Cambridge|language=en}}</ref>.Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Mrs. Aurora Kayode, née Fanimokun, wacce ta kasance ofa ga mai martaba Rev. Joseph Fanimokun, shi ma firist ne na darikar Anglican . Ya kuma sami digirinsa na biyu na kwalejin Fourah Bay College sannan daga baya ya ci gaba da zama Shugaban makarantar sanannen CMS Grammar School a Legas, yana aiki daga shekarar 1896 zuwa cikin shekara ta 1914. <ref name="modernghana.com"/> Wannan makarantar mishan ce wacce Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther ya kafa . <ref>Andrew F. Walls, "Samuel Ajayi Crowther(1807–1891) Foremost African Christian of the Nineteenth Century".</ref> A watan Yulin na shekarar 1958, ya yi nasarar gabatar da kudirin neman ‘yancin Nijeriya a Majalisar Tarayya da ke Legas. Ya yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a sami 'yanci a ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1960 <ref name="books.google.com.ng">"Power in an Emergent African Nation" by Richard L. Sklar,, ''Google Books'', p. 269.</ref> <ref name="motion">[http://allafrica.com/stories/201009270537.html "The Truth About the Motion for Independence"],'AllAfrica.com'', 27 September 2010.''</ref> (mintuna na Hansard, shekarar 1958; Richard Sklar's "Jam'iyyun siyasar Najeriya: Powerarfi a cikin Nationasashen Afirka na gaggawa", World Press, p.&nbsp;269; shafi na.&nbsp;269; Fushin Farfesa Onabamiro na "Haskakawa a Tarihin Nijeriya", p.&nbsp;140). A cikin shekarar 1959, an sake yin wani motsi wanda aka tura a Majalisar Dokokin Nijeriya suna neman a ɗan yi wa Fani-Kayode garambawul na watan Yulin,shekara ta 1958. Wannan sabon kudirin, wanda Sir [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ya gabatar]], ya nemi a sanya ranar 2 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1960 don samun ‘yanci, wanda tuni Majalisar ta karba kuma ta amince da shi kuma wanda hukumomin mulkin mallaka na [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] suka amince da shi, ya kamata a sauya shi daga 2 ga watan Afrilu na waccan shekarar zuwa 1 ga watan Oktoba a maimakon haka. Wannan kudirin gyaran ne daga baya majalisar ta zartar kuma ta amince da shi kuma Turawan Ingila suka amince da shi, kuma ta haka ne aka kawo ranar samun 'yancin kan Najeriya, 1 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1960,<ref name="motion2">[http://allafrica.com/stories/201009270537.html "The Truth About the Motion for Independence"],'AllAfrica.com'', 27 September 2010.''</ref> == Ilimi da rayuwar sana'a == Remilekun Fani-Kayode ya kammala a King's College, Lagos, ya tafi Downing College a Jami'ar Cambridge, a 1941. Sannan ya yi jarrabawar lauyan Burtaniya kuma ya zo na farko a cikin shekarar sa ga duka Commonungiyar Commonasashe ta Burtaniya . <ref name="modernghana.com">Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html "Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction"], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009</ref> An kira shi zuwa Barikin Birtaniyya a Masallacin Tsakiya a cikin 1945, sannan aka ci gaba da nada shi Sarauniyar Lauya acikin shekarar 1960 (shi ne ɗan Najeriya na uku kuma mafi ƙarancin shekaru da aka taɓa yi wa QC). Daga baya, ya zama Babban mai ba da shawara na Nijeriya <ref name="modernghana.com3">Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html "Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction"], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009</ref>a cikin shekara ta 1977 (shi ne ɗan Najeriya na uku da aka yi wa SAN). Ya kafa kamfanin lauya na farko dan asalin Najeriya a cikin shekara ta 1948 tare da Cif Frederick Rotimi Williams da Cif Bode Thomas, lauyoyi biyu da aka horar a Cambridge da Jami'ar London, bi da bi. <ref name="modernghana.com"/> <ref name="vanguardngr.com"/> Ana kiran kamfanin lauyoyin da suka kafa "Thomas, Williams da Kayode". <ref name="nigerdeltacongress.com">Femi Fani-Kayode,[http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/iarticles/in_remembrance_of_fani_power.htm "In remembrance of Fani Power"], ''NigerDeltaCongress.com''</ref> A shekarar 1970, ya kafa wani kamfanin lauyoyi da ake kira "Fani-Kayode da Sowemimo" tare da tsohon abokinsa, Cif Sobo Sowemimo SAN,<ref name="nigerdeltacongress.com2">Femi Fani-Kayode,[http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/iarticles/in_remembrance_of_fani_power.htm "In remembrance of Fani Power"], ''NigerDeltaCongress.com''</ref> == Harkar siyasa == [[File:Remi-Fani-Kayode.jpg|left|thumb| Cif Remilekun Fani-Kayode]] Cif Remilekun Fani-Kayode ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gwagwarmayar Samun Independancin Nijeriya. A cikin shekarar 1952 shi, tare da Rotimi Williams, Bode Thomas da wasu mutane, hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun tsare su saboda rawar da suka taka da kuma rawar da ya taka a gwagwarmaya da Turawan Ingila. <ref name="vanguardngr.com">Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ "Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa"], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.</ref> An zabe shi shugaban kungiyar matasa ta Action Group acikin shekarar 1954. Ya kafa reshen matasa ga jam'iyyar wadanda ke sanye da "bakar riga" kuma ya yi amfani da "sauro" a matsayin alamarsu don nuna kyamar mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya.<ref name="vanguardngr.com2">Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ "Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa"], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.</ref> Sa'an nan, a shekarar 1954, da [[Oba|Oloye]] Fani-Kayode an zabe cikin Tarayya majalisar dokokin a kan dandamali na Cif [[Obafemi Awolowo]] 's Action Group, kuma ya ci gaba da yaki domin Najeriya ta Independence daga can. <ref name="vanguardngr.com"/> Ya kuma kasance Mataimakin Sakatare na Tarayya na Kungiyar Rukuni kuma a cikin wannan girmamawa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, tare da Sakataren Tarayya, Cif Ayo Rosiji, a cikin kungiya da tafiyar da kungiyar Action Group . Shi, tare da Cif Awolowo, SO Ighodaro, EO Eyo, Adeyemi Lawson da SG Ikoku, sun wakilci Action Group a taron Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na London na shekarar 1957. <ref name="books.google.com.ng">"Power in an Emergent African Nation" by Richard L. Sklar,, ''Google Books'', p. 269.</ref> <ref>Emmanuel Ajibulu,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html "Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction"], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009.</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1957, ya jagoranci tawagar Lauyoyin Action Group wadanda suka wakilci kuma suka yi gwagwarmaya don mutanen tsirarun Arewa a Hukumar 'yan tsiraru ta Willinks a kokarinsu na kirkirar yankin bel na tsakiya wanda da an sassaka shi daga tsohuwar [[Arewacin Najeriya|Yankin Arewa na Najeriya]] . <ref name="books.google.com.ng">"Power in an Emergent African Nation" by Richard L. Sklar,, ''Google Books'', p. 269.</ref> A watan Yulin 1958, ya gabatar da kudirin neman ‘yancin Najeriya a Majalisar Tarayya <ref name="vanguardngr.com"/> <ref>Power in an Emergent African Nation" by Richard L. Sklar,, ''Google Books'', Page 269</ref> <ref>Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html "Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction"], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009.</ref> (mintuna na Hansard, 1958; shafi na 5).&nbsp;269; Farfesa Onabamiro "Ra'ayoyin Tarihin Najeriya", p.&nbsp;140). Acikin shekarar 1959, Remilekun Fani-Kayode ya yi murabus daga kungiyar Action Group ya kuma shiga Majalisar kasa ta Najeriya da Kamaru, jam’iyyar adawa. A shekarar 1960, aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban NCNC a Majalisar Yammaci. <ref name="vanguardngr.com"/> A shekarar 1963, an zabe shi Mataimakin Firayim Minista na tsohon Yankin Yammacin Najeriya a karkashin Cif Samuel Akintola a karkashin inuwar Jam’iyyar National Democratic Party ta Najeriya .<ref name="vanguardngr.com3">Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ "Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa"], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.</ref><ref name="books.google.com.ng2">"Power in an Emergent African Nation" by Richard L. Sklar, , ''Google Books'', p. 269.</ref>An kuma nada shi Ministan Harkokin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] na Yankin Yamma a wannan shekarar.<ref name="vanguardngr.com4">Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ "Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa"], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.</ref> Da sanyin safiyar ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1966, Manjo Kaduna Nzeogwu, wani hafsan Sojan Najeriya na cire Ibo, ya yi yunƙurin aiwatar da juyin mulkin soja na farko a tarihin Nijeriya. Yunkurin, duk da cewa daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, ya haifar da zubar da jini da yawa kuma an kashe manya-manyan membobin jam'iyyar da ke mulki, sojoji da gwamnatin wannan lokacin ta hanyar kisan gilla. Da sanyin safiyar yau ne masu juyin mulkin, karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Emmanuel Nwobosi, suka kai hari tare da mamaye gidan Chief Remi Fani-Kayode, Mataimakin Firayim Minista na Yankin Yamma. Fani-Kayode ya gallaza wa Fani-Kayode a gaban danginsa gaba daya kuma a gaban dansa, Femi Fani-Kayode, wanda zai zama Ministan Sufurin Jiragen Sama na Najeriya shekaru 40 bayan haka <ref>Nowa Omoigui ,[http://dawodu.com/omoigui64.htm "Flashback To History: Yakubu Gowon And Fani-Kayode"],''Dawodu.com'', January 2006.</ref> <ref>Toyin Fani-Kayode,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/12/02/fani-kayode-to-owei-lakemfa-by-toyin-fani-kayode/ "Fani-Kayode to Owei Lakemfa"], ''Vanguard'', 2 December 2009</ref> . <ref name="sleepless nights">[http://www.pointblanknews.com/os2240.html "Soyinka, Umar gave OBJ sleepless nights -Fani Kayode"], ''Point Blank News'', 4 October 2009.</ref> Daga nan sai suka tura shi zuwa wani wurin da ba a sani ba. Bayan barin gidan Fani-Kayode masu sauya sheka, tare da Fani-Kayode a hannunsu, sun tafi gidan [[Ibadan]] na Cif SL Akintola, wanda ya kasance Firayim Minista na Yammacin Yankin. Sun shiga gidansa kuma suka kashe shi a gaban danginsa duka. Sun kuma raunata jikan nasa da surukarsa. Cif Fani-Kayode ya ga yadda 'yan sara suka suka kashe abokinsa SL Akintola, kuma daga can aka dauke shi zuwa canton soja da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] inda shi ma aka shirya za su kashe shi. Koyaya, sa'a gareshi, lokacin da ya isa canton sojoji na [[Ikeja]] a [[Lagos (birni)|Lagas]], sojojin masu biyayya karkashin ikon Laftanar Kanal sun sami ƙarfi, suka mamaye su. [[Yakubu Gowon]] (wanda daga baya ya zama Shugaban Kasar). Fani-Kayode ya sami 'yanci daga masu biyayya kuma sun ajiye shi a cikin gida mai aminci har sai an dawo da doka da oda a kasar. Dakarun da ke da aminci sun dakatar da yunƙurin juyin mulkin kuma an kashe duk shugabanninsa ko an kama su kuma an tsare su. Daga cikin manyan jami'an gwamnati da manyan hafsoshin soja da aka kai wa hari a gidajensu kuma wadanda masu tayar da kayar baya da masu yunkurin juyin mulki suka kama a wannan daren, ciki har da Sir [[Ahmadu Bello]] (Firayim Ministan yankin Arewa), Sir [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] (Firayim Ministan Ministan), Cif Okotie-Eboh (Ministan Kudi), Janar Maimalari (Babban hafsan sojan kasa), Birgediya Ademulegun (Kwamandan Garrison na Arewa) da sauransu da yawa, Cif Remi Fani-Kayode, tare da Sir [[Kashim Ibrahim]] ( Gwamnan yankin Arewa) su kadai ne ba a kashe ba. Sakamakon haka, Janar [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] ya karbi mulki daga ragowar gwamnatin [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Tafawa Balewa]] a ranar 16 ga watan Janairu, washegari bayan nasarar da aka samu na dakile tawayen Manjo Nzeogwu da kuma yunkurin juyin mulki. Sannan ya hau kujerar Shugaban kasa na Tarayyar Najeriya kuma Babban Kwamandan askarawan Najeriya. Koyaya, bayan 'yan watanni shi da kansa aka hambarar da shi a wani juyin mulkin arewa mai nasara wanda aka aiwatar a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1966, wanda kuma Laftanar Kanal ya jagoranta. [[Murtala Mohammed]] da Laftana Kanar [[Yakubu Gowon]] (kamar yadda suke a da). A lokacin juyin mulkin, an kame Janar [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] a cikin [[Ibadan|garin Ibadan]], tare da mai masaukinsa Janar Adekunle Fajuyi, da wasu sojojin arewa karkashin jagorancin Manjo Theophilus Danjuma (kamar yadda yake a da). Daga nan aka sa duka mutanen biyu aka tafi da su zuwa wani gefen gefen daji inda aka cire su duka biyu aka harbe su. Irin wannan mummunan halin ne na juyin mulkin “ramuwar gayya” na arewa da aka yi a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1966, wanda aka kashe ƙasa da hafsoshin sojojin Ibo 300 da ba-kwamishina. Wannan ya faru ne saboda cewa, a cikin wasu korafe-korafen, jami'an na arewa suna da ra'ayin cewa Janar [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi|Aguiyi-Ironsi]] ya yi sassauci da Manjo Nzeogwu da sauran abokan aikin sa bayan yunkurin juyin mulkin Ibo na 15 da yawancin arewa ( [[Hausawa|Hausa]] - [[Fulani]] ) da shugabannin siyasa na yamma (Yarabawa) da manyan hafsoshin soja an yi musu kisan gilla. Zargin da jami'an 'yan arewa suka yi na cewa akwai wani irin hadin baki da fahimtar juna tsakanin kungiyar Nzeogwu da Janar Aguiyi-Ironsi wanda ya kara ruruta wutar ganin cewa shi kansa Aguiyi-Ironsi dan kabilar Ibo ne. Shekaru 40 bayan kisan nasa, dan Aguiyi-Ironsi, Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi, ya zama Ministan Tsaron Najeriya kuma ya karbi wannan matsayin daga hannun Janar Theophilus Danjuma, mutumin da ya kashe mahaifinsa shekaru 40 da suka gabata. Mutane da yawa sun faɗi cewa ɓarnar ɓarnatar da hafsa hafsoshin arewa ya yi a watan Yulin shekara ta 1966, wanda ya ga kisan Janar [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi|Aguiyi-Ironsi]] da sauran manyan hafsoshi da yawa daga hakar Ibo wanda kuma daga baya ya haifar da [[Ɗan Nijeriya|yakin basasar Najeriya da]] kanta, an dasa shi a kan wannan ƙaddarar daren 15 ga Janairu ta zubar da jinin Manjo Nzeogwu da mutanensa, wadanda akasarinsu 'yan Ibo ne. <ref>[[Max Siollun]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=t5Q78sVbLakC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=death+of+remi+fani-kayode&source=bl&ots=PCF5iiDZdf&sig=plkfq3goC-uiqFNF1JGHEhaDKaE&hl=en&ei=2vh3S9TpBJS7jAej74WbCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CBsQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Oil, politics and violence: Nigeria's military coup culture (1966–1976)''], Google Books, p. 46.</ref> <ref>Dr. Nowa Omoigui,[http://www.citizensfornigeria.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=45 "Northern Nigerian Military Counter-Rebellion July, 1966"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804013943/http://www.citizensfornigeria.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=45 |date=2018-08-04 }},''Citizens for Nigeria''</ref> <ref>Max Siollun,[http://www.kwenu.com/publications/siollun/2009/ohsee_nigeria_coup_culture.htm "Nigeria’s Military Coup Culture (1966–1976) – “The Best Book on the Period So Far”"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003202453/http://www.kwenu.com/publications/siollun/2009/ohsee_nigeria_coup_culture.htm |date=2013-10-03 }}, ''June 2009''</ref> <ref>Nowa Omogui,[http://www.omoigui.com/nigerian_military_coups/ "Operation 'Aure': Northern Nigerian Military Counter-Rebellion July, 1966"], ''omoigui.com''</ref> Bayan juyin mulki na farko da aka taba yunkurin yi a Najeriya a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1966, Remilekun Fani-Kayode da wasu manyan mutane da dama duk gwamnatin soja ta Janar [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi|Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ta tsare]] . <ref name="vanguardngr.com"/> Daga baya aka sake su a watan Yulin shekarar 1966, bayan tayar da kayar baya ta arewa, karkashin jagorancin Laftanar Kanar. Murtala Muhammed da Manjo Theophilus Danjuma. Bayan Laftanar Col. [[Yakubu Gowon]] ya zama Shugaban Kasar, Remilekun Fani-Kayode ya bar Najeriya tare da danginsa gaba daya ya koma garin Brighton da ke gabar teku a kudu maso gabashin Ingila.<ref name="sleepless nights2">[http://www.pointblanknews.com/os2240.html "Soyinka, Umar gave OBJ sleepless nights -Fani Kayode"], ''Point Blank News'', 4 October 2009.</ref><ref>[http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/22011/1/Obasanjo-Atiku-and-I-by-Fani-Kayode/Page1.html "Obasanjo, Atiku and I, by Fani-Kayode"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726120211/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/22011/1/Obasanjo-Atiku-and-I-by-Fani-Kayode/Page1.html|date=26 July 2011}}, ''The Nation'', By Our Reporter, 16 October 2009.</ref>Sun zauna a gida suka zauna can gudun hijira shekaru da yawa. A shekarar 1978, yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka assasa kuma suka assasa National Party of Nigeria . A shekarar 1979, an zabe shi a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jam’iyyar na kasa kuma saboda irin gudummawar da yake bayarwa ga ci gaban kasa, Shugaba [[Shehu Shagari]] ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Kwamandan Umarnin Nijar . <ref name="modernghana.com"/> Daga shekarar 1990 zuwa shekarar 1994, ya kasance memba na dattawan kungiyar dattawa ta National Republican Convention (NRC), daya daga cikin jam’iyyun siyasa biyu da gwamnatin soja ta Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida|Ibrahim Babangida ta kafa]] a lokacin jamhuriya ta uku ta Najeriya. <ref name="nigerdeltacongress.com"/> Bayan soke zaben shugaban kasa na Cif [[Moshood Abiola]] a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1993, Cif Remilekun Fani-Kayode na daya daga cikin wadanda suka yi rubuce-rubuce a fili kuma suka yi magana sosai game da sokewar. Har ma ya je kotu kan batun. A shekarar 1994, gwamnatin Janar [[Sani Abacha|Sanni Abacha ta]] nada shi cikin kwamitin binciken Kayode Eso wanda ya gudanar da bincike yadda ya kamata tare da taimakawa tsabtar bangaren shari'ar Najeriya tare da kawar da ita daga gurbatattun alkalai. <ref name="modernghana.com"/> == Iyali == [[File:Remi-Adia.jpg|right|thumb| Cif Remilekun Fani-Kayode da matarsa Cif (Mrs. ) Adia Fani-Kayode a shekarar 1975]] Cif Remilekun Fani-Kayode ya auri Cif (Mrs) Adia Adunni Fani-Kayode. Su biyun suna da yara biyar: Akinola Adedapo Fani-Kayode, Rotimi Fani-Kayode, Femi Fani-Kayode, Mrs. Toyin Bajela da Mrs. Tolu Fanning. Cif Remilekun Fani-Kayode ya kuma haifi wasu yara hudu: Mrs. Aina Ogunbe, Mrs. Remi Nana Akuffo-Addo, Tokunbo Fani-Kayode da Ladipo Fani-Kayode. <ref name="modernghana.com"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] osi2t9wzlbk2p9it0o04rrjj2o32m95 0 18424 888026 787570 2026-07-27T09:18:01Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Mercedes-Benz A 180 Progressive (W 177) – f 16032019.jpg|300px|right|thumbnail|Mercedes-Benz A 180]] [[File:Mercedes-benz w204.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Mercedes-benz_w204]] [[Fayil:AMG Mercedes-Benz C204 (DTM).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:DTM Mercedes W204 Lauda09 amk.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Mercedes-Benz Museum 201312 08 blue hour.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Mercedes-Benz prototypes amk1.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Münster, Beresa, Mercedes-Benz C-Klasse Cabrio -- 2018 -- 1757.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Concesionario de Mercedes-Benz, Múnich, Alemania, 2013-03-30, DD 27.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Mercedes-Benz A 200, GIMS 2018, Le Grand-Saconnex (1X7A0529).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:DTM Mercedes W204 DiResta09 amk.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Mercedes-Benz 220 S Cabriolet (W 180 II) ADAC Deutschland Klassik 2018 6280276.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Mercedes-Benz W115 220D (1973).jpg|thumb]] '''Mercedes-Benz''' (Furuci da Jamusanci: [mɛʁˈtseːdəs ˈbɛnts] ) <ref>Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) [First published 1962]. Das Aussprachewörterbuch [The Pronunciation Dictionary] (in German) (7th ed.). Berlin: Dudenverlag. p. 595. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Krech, Eva-Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz Christian (2009). Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch [German Pronunciation Dictionary] (in German). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 738. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6</nowiki>. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.</ref>samfurin ne na [[Mota|motoci]], manyan motoci, [[Bus|bas]] da masu koyarwa daga kamfanin Daimler AG na [[Jamus]]. A baya ana kiran kamfanin da sunan '''kamfanin Daimler-Benz''' kuma har yanzu ana kiransa wani lokaci kawai "Mercedes." Mercedes-Benz ita ce mafi tsufa a duniya da ta kera motoci kuma motocin da suke ƙerawa suna da kudi da yawa. Alamar Mercedes-Benz ta shahara sosai.<ref>"Daimler launches new corporate structure". www.daimler.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.</ref> Tauraruwa ce mai nuna uku-uku a cikin da'irar kuma ɗayan maza ne suka tsara shi, Gottlieb Daimler. Abubuwa uku na tauraron suna tsaye ne don ƙasa, iska da ruwa saboda ba a amfani da injunan Daimler ba kawai a cikin motoci da manyan motoci ba amma a cikin jiragen sama da jiragen ruwa. An fara amfani da alamar a cikin shekarar 1909. Motocin Mercedes-Benz wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na tarihin motar da ke da "farko". Su ne suka fara kera mota mai amfani da dizal a cikin shekarun 1930, na farko da suka fara kera mota tare da allurar mai a cikin shekarun 1950 kuma su ne na farko da suka bayar da birki a cikin <ref>Taylor, Edward; Tajitsu, Naomi; Hummel, Tassilo; Frost, Laurence (11 January 2019). "Volkswagen delivered 10.8 million vehicles in 2018, eyes world No.1 spot". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2019.</ref>shekarun 1970s . Motocin Mercedes-Benz suma sun kasance masu mahimmanci a tarihin tseren mota.<ref>"Best Global Brands – 2014 Rankings". Interbrand. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.</ref> == Kwanakin farko == Benz Patent-Motorwagen ita ce motar da kamfanin ya samar ta farko, wadda Rheinische Gasmotorenfabrik Benz da Cie suka gina (wanda aka sani yau da suna Mercedes-Benz). Yana ne sau da yawa dauke na farko real fetur -arfafa mota. Zuwa 1901, motocin sun zama sanannu a wurin masu hannu da shuni, galibi saboda kokarin Emil Jellineck. == Samfur == ==== Misali ==== * A-Class - Hatchback / Sedan * B-Class - Mota Mai Manufa Da yawa (MPV) * C-Class - Sedan / Saloon, Estate, Coupé da Cabriolet * CLA - 4-Door Coupé da Estate * CLS - Coupé 4-Door da Estate * E-Class - Sedan / Saloon, Estate, Coupé da Cabriolet * G-Class - Mota mai Amfani da Wasanni (SUV) * GLA - Motar Kayan Wuta (SUV) * GLB - crossover * GLC - Motar Kayan Wuta (SUV) * GLE - Motar Kayan Wuta (SUV) * GLS - Motar Kayan Wuta (SUV) * S-Class - Sedan / Saloon, Coupé & Cabriolet * SL - Babban ɗan kasuwa * SLC - Hanyar hanya * V-Class - Mota Mai Manufa Da yawa (MPV) / Van * AMG GT - Motar wasanni * AMG GT4 - Wasanni Sedan / Saloon * X-Class - Motar Kamala * EQC - Abin hawa na lantarki * EQV - Motar Jirgin Sama ==== Maɗaukai ==== Mercedes-Benz ya gina kebabbun motocin alfarma irin su Citan, Vito, da Sprinter ==== Manyan motoci ==== Motocin Mercedes-Benz da Daimler Trucks suka gina manyan motoci tare, Suna kera motocin safa, manyan motoci, Vito da Sprinter van.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2013}} <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> ==== Bas Bas ==== Mercedes-Benz ta fara [[Bus|kera motocin bas]] daga shekarar 1895 a Mannheim da ke Jamus. Mercedes-Benz ta samar da manyan motocin bas da koci-koci. == Hotuna == {{Multiple image |perrow = 2 | align = right | direction = horizontal| width = 170 | image1 = 1885Benz.jpg | caption1 = Benz Patent-Motorwagen | image2 = 2018 Mercedes-Benz A200 AMG Line Premium+ 1.3 Front.jpg | caption2 = [[Mercedes-Benz A-Class]] (Subcompact executive hatchbacks and sedans) | image3 = 2019 Mercedes-Benz C220 AMG Line Premium Diesel Estate 2.0 Front.jpg | caption3 = [[Mercedes-Benz C-Class]] ([[Compact executive car]]) | image4 = 2019 Mercedes-Benz E220d SE Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg | caption4 = [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class]] ([[Executive car]]) | image5 = 2020 Mercedes-Benz GLE 350 4Matic front 6.16.19.jpg | caption5 = [[Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class]] ([[Mid-size]] [[luxury SUV]]) | image6 = 2018 Mercedes-Benz X250 Power D 4MATIC Automatic 2.3 Front.jpg | caption6 = [[Mercedes-Benz X-Class]] (luxury pickup truck) | image7 = 2017 Mercedes-Benz Vito 111 CDi 1.6.jpg|2017 | caption7 = Mercedes-Benz Vito | image8 = 2013 Mercedes-Benz Citan 109 CDi BlueEFFICIENCY 1.5.jpg|2013 | caption8 = Mercedes-Benz Citan | image9 = 2018 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 314 CDi 2.1 Front.jpg | caption9 = 2018 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter | image10 = S404-300TDI-erg-chebbi (cropped).jpg | caption10 = [[Unimog]], A multi-purpose vehicle made by Mercedes-Benz | image11 = Mercedes Citaro C2 n°462 Université STRAN.jpg | caption11 = [[Merdedes-Benz Citaro]] }} == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.mercedes-benz.com/ Shafin gida na Mercedes Benz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312111137/http://www5.mercedes-benz.com/ |date=2012-03-12 }} [[Category:Kamfanoni]] [[Category:Masana'antu]] <references /> ahjgn6rip839cc8xhlwsvuw3mhygjaz 4 21908 887912 887308 2026-07-26T21:27:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 887912 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Obamadaledingel|Obamadaledingel]] |[[Special:Contributions/Obamadaledingel|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Yuli 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Desi language publisher co|Desi language publisher co]] |[[Special:Contributions/Desi language publisher co|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 21 ga Yuli 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Spartacus98|Spartacus98]] |[[Special:Contributions/Spartacus98|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Mukeey080|Mukeey080]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mukeey080|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Fastfoodfanatic|Fastfoodfanatic]] |[[Special:Contributions/Fastfoodfanatic|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |6 |[[User:JKoerner (WMF)|JKoerner (WMF)]] |[[Special:Contributions/JKoerner (WMF)|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Tifhy rappe|Tifhy rappe]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tifhy rappe|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Bruvadre300|Bruvadre300]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bruvadre300|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Sasazra|Sasazra]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sasazra|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |10 |[[User:AHRafindadi|AHRafindadi]] |[[Special:Contributions/AHRafindadi|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |11 |[[User:User758493|User758493]] |[[Special:Contributions/User758493|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Ajron Bach|Ajron Bach]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ajron Bach|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |13 |[[User:Maria Kyureghyan|Maria Kyureghyan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Maria Kyureghyan|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |14 |[[User:Valentin JJ.|Valentin JJ.]] |[[Special:Contributions/Valentin JJ.|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Shahinyan11|Shahinyan11]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shahinyan11|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |16 |[[User:Sorting.I|Sorting.I]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sorting.I|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |17 |[[User:A.haydarr Ibrahim ukk|A.haydarr Ibrahim ukk]] |[[Special:Contributions/A.haydarr Ibrahim ukk|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |18 |[[User:Ellen Poghosyan|Ellen Poghosyan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ellen Poghosyan|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Abu.Mussadiq|Abu.Mussadiq]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abu.Mussadiq|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |20 |[[User:Robin Doleček|Robin Doleček]] |[[Special:Contributions/Robin Doleček|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |21 |[[User:Amiru umar|Amiru umar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Amiru umar|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 22 ga Yuli 2026 |- |22 |[[User:MiguelMadeira|MiguelMadeira]] |[[Special:Contributions/MiguelMadeira|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |23 |[[User:Operador de caixa|Operador de caixa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Operador de caixa|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |24 |[[User:Yoonoos.tj|Yoonoos.tj]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yoonoos.tj|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |25 |[[User:Riderofzion|Riderofzion]] |[[Special:Contributions/Riderofzion|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |26 |[[User:Goneoffyoghurt|Goneoffyoghurt]] |[[Special:Contributions/Goneoffyoghurt|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |27 |[[User:MiraAstana|MiraAstana]] |[[Special:Contributions/MiraAstana|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |28 |[[User:D71STSI|D71STSI]] |[[Special:Contributions/D71STSI|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |29 |[[User:ClerkBot|ClerkBot]] |[[Special:Contributions/ClerkBot|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |30 |[[User:Saadkhan504|Saadkhan504]] |[[Special:Contributions/Saadkhan504|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |31 |[[User:Musty081|Musty081]] |[[Special:Contributions/Musty081|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |32 |[[User:Ymusty07|Ymusty07]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ymusty07|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |33 |[[User:Imamu Muhammad bala|Imamu Muhammad bala]] |[[Special:Contributions/Imamu Muhammad bala|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |34 |[[User:Y-barton|Y-barton]] |[[Special:Contributions/Y-barton|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |35 |[[User:Mr khaleefah|Mr khaleefah]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mr khaleefah|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |36 |[[User:AhmetHakan2001|AhmetHakan2001]] |[[Special:Contributions/AhmetHakan2001|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |37 |[[User:Shortsit|Shortsit]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shortsit|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |38 |[[User:Zlutdi4gn0s|Zlutdi4gn0s]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zlutdi4gn0s|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |39 |[[User:FrozenCourgette|FrozenCourgette]] |[[Special:Contributions/FrozenCourgette|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |40 |[[User:Poiutredsaa|Poiutredsaa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Poiutredsaa|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 23 ga Yuli 2026 |- |41 |[[User:2wTired|2wTired]] |[[Special:Contributions/2wTired|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 24 ga Yuli 2026 |- |42 |[[User:Mtlh01p|Mtlh01p]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mtlh01p|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 24 ga Yuli 2026 |- |43 |[[User:Cuchullain|Cuchullain]] |[[Special:Contributions/Cuchullain|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 24 ga Yuli 2026 |- |44 |[[User:Saxxxxxy|Saxxxxxy]] |[[Special:Contributions/Saxxxxxy|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 24 ga Yuli 2026 |- |45 |[[User:Gulyastorm|Gulyastorm]] |[[Special:Contributions/Gulyastorm|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 24 ga Yuli 2026 |- |46 |[[User:Danazumi|Danazumi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Danazumi|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 24 ga Yuli 2026 |- |47 |[[User:Crab bisque|Crab bisque]] |[[Special:Contributions/Crab bisque|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 24 ga Yuli 2026 |- |48 |[[User:OrdiskFamiljebok|OrdiskFamiljebok]] |[[Special:Contributions/OrdiskFamiljebok|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 24 ga Yuli 2026 |- |49 |[[User:Rhlakun|Rhlakun]] |[[Special:Contributions/Rhlakun|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 24 ga Yuli 2026 |- |50 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|[[Special:Contributions/MoQabot|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |67 |[[User:LOve Institute For Strategic Studies and International Politics|LOve Institute For Strategic Studies and International Politics]] |[[Special:Contributions/LOve Institute For Strategic Studies and International Politics|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |68 |[[User:Papediarraafr|Papediarraafr]] |[[Special:Contributions/Papediarraafr|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |69 |[[User:Linx002|Linx002]] |[[Special:Contributions/Linx002|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |70 |[[User:FrankGersdorff|FrankGersdorff]] |[[Special:Contributions/FrankGersdorff|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |71 |[[User:FarhanZXT|FarhanZXT]] |[[Special:Contributions/FarhanZXT|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |72 |[[User:Δοκτορ Κτο|Δοκτορ Κτο]] |[[Special:Contributions/Δοκτορ Κτο|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |73 |[[User:Sarah Layton|Sarah Layton]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sarah Layton|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |74 |[[User:Legrand11211|Legrand11211]] |[[Special:Contributions/Legrand11211|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |75 |[[User:Usman Dahiru Musa|Usman Dahiru Musa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Usman Dahiru Musa|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |76 |[[User:Danhajiya luxury collection|Danhajiya luxury collection]] |[[Special:Contributions/Danhajiya luxury collection|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |77 |[[User:Rafalmaitham|Rafalmaitham]] |[[Special:Contributions/Rafalmaitham|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |78 |[[User:EmergentAnarchy|EmergentAnarchy]] |[[Special:Contributions/EmergentAnarchy|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |79 |[[User:Chitwan27|Chitwan27]] |[[Special:Contributions/Chitwan27|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 25 ga Yuli 2026 |- |80 |[[User:Pineapple fez|Pineapple fez]] |[[Special:Contributions/Pineapple fez|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |81 |[[User:Jedgold|Jedgold]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jedgold|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |82 |[[User:수민이|수민이]] |[[Special:Contributions/수민이|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |83 |[[User:ThatGuy30722|ThatGuy30722]] |[[Special:Contributions/ThatGuy30722|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |84 |[[User:Chaing Kia shek|Chaing Kia shek]] |[[Special:Contributions/Chaing Kia shek|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |85 |[[User:Henry Manase|Henry Manase]] |[[Special:Contributions/Henry Manase|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |86 |[[User:Dgreusard|Dgreusard]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dgreusard|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |87 |[[User:Dave199727|Dave199727]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dave199727|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |88 |[[User:Sisoko3453|Sisoko3453]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sisoko3453|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |89 |[[User:Morwen|Morwen]] |[[Special:Contributions/Morwen|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |90 |[[User:Mtaylor848|Mtaylor848]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mtaylor848|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |91 |[[User:SalemMannequinn|SalemMannequinn]] |[[Special:Contributions/SalemMannequinn|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |92 |[[User:Fork99|Fork99]] |[[Special:Contributions/Fork99|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |93 |[[User:Kırmızı süleyman|Kırmızı süleyman]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kırmızı süleyman|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |94 |[[User:Tocdor|Tocdor]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tocdor|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |95 |[[User:Quarek Name|Quarek Name]] |[[Special:Contributions/Quarek Name|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |96 |[[User:U,sarakee|U,sarakee]] |[[Special:Contributions/U,sarakee|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |97 |[[User:Martinsky49|Martinsky49]] |[[Special:Contributions/Martinsky49|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |98 |[[User:Lotenzok76|Lotenzok76]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lotenzok76|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |99 |[[User:LilitSah|LilitSah]] |[[Special:Contributions/LilitSah|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |100 |[[User:1timeuse75|1timeuse75]] |[[Special:Contributions/1timeuse75|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |101 |[[User:Tonton09|Tonton09]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tonton09|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |102 |[[User:UserAndEditor|UserAndEditor]] |[[Special:Contributions/UserAndEditor|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |} 2rx09q4atzoo31awm84iwiwhwg4koq5 0 24879 887725 664787 2026-07-26T14:06:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ntini_bowls.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px| Tsarin asali: bowler (Afirka ta Kudu) vs batsman (Australia)]] [[File:Lords_test_match.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Lura mai kula da wicket a hagu. Ingila vs New Zealand a Lords, gidan wasan kurket]] [[File:StateLibQld_1_233104_Autographed_photograph_of_the_English_batsmen,_Jack_Hobbs_and_Herbert_Sutcliffe,_1928.jpg|right|thumb|255x255px| Hobbs da Sutcliffe suna tafiya don doke Australia, [[Brisbane]] 1928]] [[File:Ranjitsinh.jpeg|right|thumb|258x258px| Ranji (Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji, Maharaja Jam Sahib na Nawanagar) shine babban dan wasan Indiya na farko. Ya buga wa Ingila wasa a shekarar 1896 - 1902, kuma ya kasance jami'i a Sojan Burtaniya a [[Yakin Duniya na I|Yakin Duniya na daya]]]] [[File:Donald_Bradman_australian_cricket_player_pic.JPG|right|thumb|247x247px| Babban Don Bradman (Ostiraliya) a aikace, 1930s/1940s. Matsakaicin batirin sa shine mafi kyawun koyaushe]] [[Fayil:Southern Stars vs West Indies women's cricket (15705262885).jpg|thumb|wasan]] '''Kurket(Cricket)''' wasa ne wanda ake buga shi tsakanin kungiyoyi biyu na Yan wasa goma sha daya kowanne. Wata kungiya, wacce ke bugun, tana kokarin zira kwallon, yayin da dayan kungiyar ke yin kokarin, hana hakan. Ana zura kwallon ta hanyar buga kwallon, wanda dan wasa daga kungiyar masu jefa kuri'a ya jefa shi ga dan wasa daga kungiyar batting, ta kan iyaka , Wickets sune kananan kungiyoyi uku, katako wadanda ke kowane karshen dan gajeren ciyawa da ake kira 'farar', wanda tsawonsa yadi 22 ne. Filin yana cikin babban ciyawar ciyawa da ake kira 'yankin wasa'. Yankin wasan shine da'irar yadi 30 a cikin filin wasan kurket ko filin wasa. <ref>[http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/ MCC – the official Laws of Cricket] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311210212/http://www.lords.org/laws-and-spirit/laws-of-cricket/laws/ |date=2013-03-11 }} Retrieved 25 July 2009</ref> Lokacin da dan wasa ya fita, abokin wasa zai maye gurbinsu a filin. Lokacin da wata tawagar ba yana da isasshen " ba-fita " 'yan wasa bar su ci, to, da sauran tawagar samun damar kokarin score. A cikin gajerun wasannin wasan kurket, wata kungiya ma na iya dakatar da yin wanka lokacin da aka jefa kwallon ga 'yan wasan su sau da yawa. Bayan kungiyoyin biyu sun sami isasshen damar zira kwallon, kungiyar da ta fi gudu tana samun nasara. Wasan ya fara ne a Ingila a Karni na 16. Tabbataccen tabbaci na farko game da wasan yana cikin shari'ar kotu ta 1598. <ref name="FLTL">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110629140053/http://www.jl.sl.btinternet.co.uk/stampsite/cricket/ladstolords/1300.html#1597John Leach, ''From lads to Lord's'']</ref> Kotu a Guildford ta ji wani mai binciken coroner, John Derrick, cewa lokacin da yake masani a "Makarantar Kyauta a Guildford", shekaru hamsin da suka gabata, "shi da ire -iren abokan sa sun gudu da wasa [a kan ƙasa ta kowa] a wasan kurket da sauran ƴan wasa ". <ref>Underdown, David 2000. ''Start of play''. Allen Lane, p.3</ref> <ref name="HSA">Altham H.S. 1962. ''A history of cricket'', vol 1, George Allen & Unwin, p.21</ref> Daga baya, wasan ya bazu zuwa Kasashen daular Burtaniya a Karni na 19 da 20. A yau, sanannen wasa ne a Ingila, [[Asturaliya|Australia]], [[Indiya]], [[Pakistan]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], [[Sabuwar Zelandiya|New Zealand]], [[Karibiyan|West Indies]] da wasu kasashe da yawa kamar [[Afghanistan]], [[Ayilan (kasa)|Ireland]], [[Kenya]], Scotland, [[Holand|Netherlands]], da [[Zimbabwe]] . == Dokokin wasan kurket == Akwai kungiyoyi biyu: Ko wacce kungiya tana da 'yan wasa 11 a filin wasa. Kungiyar da ke buga wasan tana da 'yan wasa biyu, daya a kowane karshen filin (wanda kuma wani lokacin ake kira wicket). * Sauran tawagar masu bugun daga jiki ba sa cikin fili. * Ana samun gudu bayan an dora kwallon, galibi ta hanyar buga kwal da gudu, ko ta bugun kwal zuwa ko kan iyaka. Kyaftin din kungiya yake zabeni dan wasa daga tawagarsa; sauran 'yan wasan ana kiransu da' 'yan wasa' '. * Mai wasan yana kokarin nufin kwallon a wicket, wanda ya kunshi sanduna uku (da ake kira kututture) makale a cikin kasa, tare da kananan sanduna biyu (da ake kira beli. daidaita su. * Ofaya daga cikin 'yan wasan, wanda ake kira' mai kula da wicket ', yana tsaye a bayan wicket don kama kwallon idan dan kwal ya rasa wicket. * Sauran 'yan wasan za su iya bi kwallon bayan mai jemagu ya buge ta. Mai wasan kwallon yana gudu zuwa wicket dinsa, kuma kwano zuwa ga mai jemage a dayan wicket. * Ba yan jefa Kwallon. Ya dora kwallon tare da "madaidaicin hannu" (an Kara bayyana shi cikin ka'idodi da jagora ga alkalai). Idan ya lankwasa hannunsa, sauran kungiyoyin za a ba su gudu guda kuma dole ne ya sake kwallon. * An 'over' shine kwallaye shida, ma'ana yana yin kwano shida. Sannan wani dan wasa ya zama dan wasan kwallon gaba, da kwano daga dayan karshen, da sauransu. Haka kwanon ba zai iya kwano biyu sama da daya bayan daya ba. Mai jemage yana kokarin kare wicket din daga bugun kwallon. Yana yin wannan da jemage. Lokacin da ya bugi kwallon da jemage, yana iya gudu zuwa dayan wicket din. * Don ci nasara: ** Dole masu jemagu biyu su gudu daga wicket din su zuwa wancan wicket din kafin su Kare. Anyi bayani a kasa. Masu jemagu na iya yin gudu tsakanin wicket sau da yawa yadda suke so, tare da bugun gudu daya a duk lokacin da suka yi hakan. ** Idan kwallon ta fita daga filin bayan an buga shi ba tare da ta yi tsalle ba, ana zira kwallaye shida. *** Idan kwallon ta mirgina ko ta buge, ko batter din ya buge shi, yana kidaya a matsayin gudu hudu. Akwai hanyoyi daban -daban da mai jemagu zai iya fita. Hanyoyin da aka fi sani sune: * Mai jemagu ya rasa kwallon kuma kwallon ya bugi wicket: wanda ake kira kwankwasawa, ko kuma “an dage shi”. ** Kwallan ya buge jikin mai jemagu lokacin da zai buga wickeƙ in ba haka ba. Ana kiranta LBW (kafa kafin wicket). Yadda ake amfani da wannan doka yana da rikitarwa; wannan shine kawai ra'ayin gaba daya. * Wani mai kula da filayen yana kama kwal bayan mai jemagu ya buge shi, kuma kafin ta yi tsalle ko ta fita daga filin: da ake kira kama. * Yayin da masu jemagu ke gudana, mai kula da filayen zai iya jefa kwallon a wicket. Idan masu jemagu ba za su iya gama tseren cikin lokaci ba, kuma kwallon ta bugi wicket ɗin, mai jemagu yana kusa da wicket din da aka buga ya fita: ana kiran wannan da gudu. Lokacin da mai jemagu ya fita, wani yana zuwa filin don maye gurbinsa. Inning sun Kare lokacin da aka dauki wickets goma (watau goma daga cikin jemagu goma sha daya sun fita). Bayan wannan, kungiyar da ta kasance 'filin wasan' ta zama kungiyar 'batting'. Yanzu dole ne su zira kwallaye fiye da sauran kungiyar da ta ci. Idan sun ci Karin gudu kafin a ci wickets goma, za su ci nasara. Idan ba su yi ba, dayan kungiyar ta yi nasara. A cikin wasan kwana daya, kowane gefe yana da innings guda daya, kuma innings an iyakance shi zuwa wani adadi mai yawa. A cikin tsarukan tsayi kowane gefe yana da innings guda biyu, kuma babu takamaiman iyaka ga adadin wuce gona da iri a cikin innings. == Inda ake buga wasan kurket == Kurket ya shahara a kasashe da yawa, galibi a cikin Kasashen Commonwealth. Kasashen da aka fi shahara da wasan kurket suna fafatawa a wasannin duniya (wasanni tsakanin kasashe) wadanda ke daukar kwanaki 5, wadanda ake kira wasannin gwaji . Waɗannan kasashe sune Ingila, Australia, West Indies, Afirka ta Kudu, New Zealand, India, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, Ireland, Afghanistan da Sri Lanka. West Indies rukuni ne na [[Karibiyan|Kasashen Caribbean da]] ke wasa tare a matsayin kungiya. Wasu kasashe da yawa suna da karamin matsayi. Kungiyoyin Ingila da Ostiraliya ne suka kirkira ra'ayin wasan gwajin a Karni na 19. Ireland da Afghanistan sune sabbin kungiyoyin da zasu iya yin wasan cricket na gwaji. Ana kuma buga wasan kurket a [[Kenya]], [[Kanada]], [[Bermuda]], Scotland, Holland da Namibia; kungiyoyin kasa na wadancan kasashen na iya yin wasannin kasa da kasa na kwana daya, amma kada ku buga wasannin gwaji. [[File:Cricket_field_parts.svg|right|thumb|220x220px| Daidaitaccen filin wasan kurket, wanda ke nuna alamar wasan cricket (launin ruwan kasa), kusa-infield (koren haske) tsakanin 15&nbsp;yadi (13.7&nbsp;m) na daukan hankali batsman, a cikin fili (matsakaici kore) a ciki da fari 30&nbsp;yadi (27.4&nbsp;m.]] [[File:Cricket_pitch.svg|right|thumb|200x200px| Girman filin wasan Kurtet]] == Filin == Filin wasan kurket shine inda ake buga wasan kurket. Yana da madauwari mai siffar ciyawa. Babu tsayayyen girma ga filin. Its diamita yawanci bambanta tsakanin 450&nbsp; kafa (137&nbsp;m) zuwa 500&nbsp; kafa (100&nbsp;m). == Daban-daban na wasan kurket == === Gwajin gwaji === Wasannin gwaji sune manyan wasannin duniya da aka buga tsakanin kasashe. Babban mahimmancin gwajin wasan kurket shine gwada matasa Yan wasa. Kasashen da aka ba su izinin buga wasannin gwaji ICC ta amince da su: Majalisar Cricket ta Duniya. An jera kasashe goma a kasa, tare da 'West Indies', 'Ingila' don kidaya wannan manufar a matsayin kasa. Gwaje -gwajen suna daukar tsawon kwanaki biyar (Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mutane da yawa ma ke kiransa "wasan kurket na kwana 5.") Kuma har yanzu yana iya Kare a wasan da aka zana. : shine mafi tsayin tsarin wasan kurket. Gwajin Al'umma na Gwaji ''don kwanakin farko'' : <ref>Barclays 1986. Swanton E.W. (ed) ''Barclays World of Cricket''. London: Willow Books. ISBN 0-00-218193-2. </ref> * Ingila * Ostiraliya * Afirka ta Kudu * West Indies * New Zealand * Indiya * Pakistan * Sri Lanka * Zimbabwe * Bangladesh * Afghanistan * Ireland === Tsarin lig na kasa === An kira larduna a Ingila, da jihohi a Ostiraliya da tsibirai a cikin West Indies. Wadannan wasannin kwana uku ne ko hudu. === Wasan kurket mai iyaka === [[File:Cricket_-_Wickets.svg|right|thumb|236x236px| A hangen zaman na wasan kurket farar daga bowler ta karshen. Mai wasan kwallon yana gudana a gefe daya na wicket a karshen dan wasan, ko dai 'akan' wicket ko 'zagaye' wicket.]] A cikin wadannan wasannin, an kaddara tsawon ta yawan adadin, kuma kowane gefe yana da innings daya kawai. Ana amfani da wata dabara ta musamman, da aka sani da 'Duckworth – Lewis method' idan ruwan sama ya rage lokacin wasa. Yana lissafin makasudin kima ga kungiyar da ke buga na biyu a cikin takaitaccen wasan da aka katse ta yanayi ko wani yanayi. ==== Wata rana Kasashen duniya (ODI50) ==== ODIs galibi ana iyakance su zuwa 50 batting ga kowane gefe kuma kowane dan kwano na iya kwano har zuwa matsakaicin 10. Mafi girman kwallon kungiyar shine Ingila 481-6 akan Australia a watan Yuni 19, 2018. Mafi girman maki mutum shine 264 a kashe kwallaye 173 da Root Sharma ya yiwa Indiya akan Sri Lanka. ==== Wasan kurket na ashirin (Cricket T20) ==== Wasan [https://skyblogs.in/ cricket na ashirin yana da sama da 20 a kowane gefe kuma kowane dan wasan kwallon kafa na] iya yin har zuwa matsakaicin 4 ba kamar 10 ba a wasan ODI. Babban kimar kungiyar shine 263/5 ta Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) akan Pune Warriors India (PWI) a cikin kakar IPL ta 2013. Mafi girman kimar mutum shine 175* kashe kwallaye 69 ta Chris Gayle don RCB a daidai wannan wasa. == Matsakaici == A cikin wasan kirket akwai matsakaici iri biyu na musamman, ana amfani da su don auna yadda dan wasa yake da kyau: * A batsman '''matsakaicin battin''' shi ne yawan runs ya ya zira a wani lokaci (kamar a shekara ko dukan aiki), raba da adadin da sau ya aka samu daga a daidai wannan lokacin. Kyakkyawan jemage yana da matsakaicin batting. Matsakaicin matsakaicin T20 ga mai jemagu wanda ya taka aqalla innings 20 shine 70.66 ta Chris Harris. * A bowler '''matsakaicim bowling''' shi ne yawan runs cewa an zira yayin da ya bowling, a wani lokaci, raba da adadin na batsmen ya samu fitar a daidai wannan lokacin. Kyakkyawan ɗan kwano yana da matsakaicin kwallon kafa. Matsakaicin kwallon T20 mafi kankanta don dan kwallon da ya kalla kwallon kalla 500 shine Mushtaq Ahmed tare da 13.80. Akwai saiti daban na matsakaita ga kowane nau'in wasan kurket da aka lissafa a sama. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Sauran gidajen yanar gizo == * [https://skyblogs.in/ Sabunta Cricket Live] * https://cricwick.net/ * https://sportstrends.tv/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920101730/http://sportstrends.tv/ |date=2021-09-20 }} * https://cricketcompanion.in/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611052921/https://cricketcompanion.in/ |date=2022-06-11 }} * [http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ABOUT_CRICKET/EXPLANATION/CRICKET_EXPLAINED_AMERICAN.html An bayyana Cricket (ra'ayi na Amurka)] * [http://www.cricinfo.com Cricinfo] * [http://www.icc-cricket.com/ Majalisar Cricket ta Duniya] * Archived [https://sportsadvice.decathlon.in/advice-alias/cricket-rules-and-scoring-tp_16629 Dokokin Cricket] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704095736/https://sportsadvice.decathlon.in/advice-alias/cricket-rules-and-scoring-tp_16629 |date=2019-07-04 }} * [https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket Dokokin Cricket da ƙa'idodi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920134819/https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket |date=2021-09-20 }} [[Category:Wasa]] [[Category:Kurket]] [[Category:Wasanni]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6xoqrr2qx3ukro9s7pj4degd41kaeqt 0 25459 887856 861267 2026-07-26T19:18:31Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ha na''' iya nufin to: == Hukumomi da kungiyoyi == * Hukumar lafiya * Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur * Rashin Gida Australia, kungiya mafi kankanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka * 'Yan luwadi Ba'a san su ba, shirin tsohon Dan luwadi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba aso * Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong == Zane Zane, Nishadi, Da kafofin Watsa Labarai == * <nowiki><i id="mwFw">Ha</i></nowiki> (Doseone album), 2005 * <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Ha</i></nowiki> (Talvin Singh album), 2002 * <nowiki><i id="mwHQ">Ha!</i></nowiki> (Kill Joke album), 1982 * "Ha" (waƙa), ta Juvenile * Ha! (Tashar TV), tashar talabijin ta Amurka mai ban dariya * ''kamar Arbeiderblad'', jaridar Norway * ''Human Action'', littafi ne daga masanin tattalin arzikin Austriya Ludwig von Mises * Kamfanin Jim Henson, wanda aka fi sani da ha! == Harsuna da haruffa == * Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), wasika a cikin Harshen Javanese * Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic * <big>ه</big> ( hāʾ ), <big>ح</big> ( ḥāʾ ), ko <big>خ</big> ( ḫāʾ ), haruffan Larabci * Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka * [[Harshen Hausa|Yaren Hausa]], lambar ISO 639-1 HA == Wurare == * Ha, Bhutan * Ha, Norway * Ha Gorge, Girka * Yankin lambar HA, kungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin birnin London * Henan, lardin China (Guobiao taƙaice HA) == Kimiyya Da Fasaha == === Kimiyya === * Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium * Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate * Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai === Magani === * Hyperandrogenic anovulation, wanda kuma ake kira polycystic ovary syndrome * Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria) * Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura * Gwajin Hemagglutination, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta === Sauran Amfani A kimiyya Da Fasaha === * ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan trigonometric a lissafi * Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi * Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki * Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki * Babban samuwa, kirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis * Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, daya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaita daidaiton daidaitawa * H _a, ko madadin hasashe, a cikin gwajin kididdiga == Sunayen sunaye == * Ha (sunan mahaifi na kasar Sin) ([[wiktionary:哈|哈]]), wanda aka samo a cikin ''Sunayen Sunaye Dari'' * Ha (sunan mahaifi na Koriya) ( [[wiktionary:하|하]], 河 ko 夏) * Sunan Hà, Vietnamese * Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko * Xia (sunan mahaifi) ([[wiktionary:夏|夏]]), wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation == Sufuri == * British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin) * Kamfanin jirgin saman Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA) * Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila == Sauran Amfani == * Ha (mythology) * Ha, Daya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha * Ha Mutane, Mutanen Tanzaniya * Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa Na Amurka == Duba kuma == * Hai (disambiguation) * Haha (rashin fahimta) * Yana da (disambiguation). 97dgq16rikssle9vgfe0t65y9ajtjsa 887857 887856 2026-07-26T19:19:09Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ha na''' iya nufin to: == Hukumomi da kungiyoyi == * Hukumar lafiya * Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur * Rashin Gida Australia, kungiya mafi kankanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka * 'Yan luwadi Ba'a san su ba, shirin tsohon Dan luwadi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba aso * Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong == Zane Zane, Nishadi, Da kafofin Watsa Labarai == * <nowiki><i id="mwFw">Ha</i></nowiki> (Doseone album), 2005 * <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Ha</i></nowiki> (Talvin Singh album), 2002 * <nowiki><i id="mwHQ">Ha!</i></nowiki> (Kill Joke album), 1982 * "Ha" (waƙa), ta Juvenile * Ha! (Tashar TV), tashar talabijin ta Amurka mai ban dariya * ''kamar Arbeiderblad'', jaridar Norway * ''Human Action'', littafi ne daga masanin tattalin arzikin Austriya Ludwig von Mises * Kamfanin Jim Henson, wanda aka fi sani da ha! == Harsuna da haruffa == * Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), wasiƙa a cikin Harshen Javanese * Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic * <big>ه</big> ( hāʾ ), <big>ح</big> ( ḥāʾ ), ko <big>خ</big> ( ḫāʾ ), haruffan Larabci * Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka * [[Harshen Hausa|Yaren Hausa]], lambar ISO 639-1 HA == Wurare == * Ha, Bhutan * Ha, Norway * Ha Gorge, Girka * Yankin lambar HA, kungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin birnin London * Henan, lardin Chaina (Guobiao taƙaice HA) == Kimiyya Da Fasaha == === Kimiyya === * Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium * Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate * Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai === Magani === * Hyperandrogenic anovulation, wanda kuma ake kira polycystic ovary syndrome * Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria) * Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura * Gwajin Hemagglutination, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta === Sauran Amfani A kimiyya Da Fasaha === * ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan trigonometric a lissafi * Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi * Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki * Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki * Babban samuwa, kirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis * Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, daya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaita daidaiton daidaitawa * H _a, ko madadin hasashe, a cikin gwajin kididdiga == Sunayen sunaye == * Ha (sunan mahaifi na kasar Sin) ([[wiktionary:哈|哈]]), wanda aka samo a cikin ''Sunayen Sunaye Dari'' * Ha (sunan mahaifi na Koriya) ( [[wiktionary:하|하]], 河 ko 夏) * Sunan Hà, Vietnamese * Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko * Xia (sunan mahaifi) ([[wiktionary:夏|夏]]), wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation == Sufuri == * British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin) * Kamfanin jirgin saman Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA) * Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila == Sauran Amfani == * Ha (mythology) * Ha, Daya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha * Ha Mutane, Mutanen Tanzaniya * Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa Na Amurka == Duba kuma == * Hai (disambiguation) * Haha (rashin fahimta) * Yana da (disambiguation). nilc8w1r5nnut6z0i5llji7dlgvz7pm 887858 887857 2026-07-26T19:20:12Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ha na''' iya nufin to: == Hukumomi da kungiyoyi == * Hukumar lafiya * Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur * Rashin Gida Australia, kungiya mafi kankanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka * 'Yan luwadi Ba'a san su ba, shirin tsohon Dan luwadi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba aso * Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong == Zane Zane, Nishadi, Da kafofin Watsa Labarai == * <nowiki><i id="mwFw">Ha</i></nowiki> (Doseone album), 2005 * <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Ha</i></nowiki> (Talvin Singh album), 2002 * <nowiki><i id="mwHQ">Ha!</i></nowiki> (Kill Joke album), 1982 * "Ha" (waƙa), ta Juvenile * Ha! (Tashar TV), tashar talabijin ta Amurka mai ban dariya * ''kamar Arbeiderblad'', jaridar Norway * ''Human Action'', littafi ne daga masanin tattalin arzikin Austriya Ludwig von Mises * Kamfanin Jim Henson, wanda aka fi sani da ha! == Harsuna da haruffa == * Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), wasiƙa a cikin Harshen Javanese * Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic * <big>ه</big> ( hāʾ ), <big>ح</big> ( ḥāʾ ), ko <big>خ</big> ( ḫāʾ ), haruffan Larabci * Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka * [[Harshen Hausa|Yaren Hausa]], lambar ISO 639-1 HA == Wurare == * Ha, Bhutan * Ha, Norway * Ha Gorge, Girka * Yankin lambar HA, kungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin birnin London * Henan, lardin Chaina (Guobiao taƙaice HA) == Kimiyya Da Fasaha == === Kimiyya === * Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium * Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate * Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai === Magani === * Hyperandrogenic anovulation, wanda kuma ake kira polycystic ovary syndrome * Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria) * Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura * Gwajin Hemagglutination, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta === Sauran Amfani A kimiyya Da Fasaha === * ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan trigonometric a lissafi * Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi * Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki * Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki * Babban samuwa, kirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis * Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, daya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaiton daidaitawa * H _a, ko madadin hasashe, a cikin gwajin ƙididdiga == Sunayen sunaye == * Ha (sunan mahaifi na kasar Sin) ([[wiktionary:哈|哈]]), wanda aka samo a cikin ''Sunayen Sunaye Dari'' * Ha (sunan mahaifi na Koriya) ( [[wiktionary:하|하]], 河 ko 夏) * Sunan Hà, Vietnamese * Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko * Xia (sunan mahaifi) ([[wiktionary:夏|夏]]), wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation == Sufuri == * British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin) * Kamfanin jirgin saman Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA) * Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila == Sauran Amfani == * Ha (mythology) * Ha, Daya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha * Ha Mutane, Mutanen Tanzaniya * Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa Na Amurka == Duba kuma == * Hai (disambiguation) * Haha (rashin fahimta) * Yana da (disambiguation). 3w5tpblt4aci674ui1k14jhwm3elvqx 887859 887858 2026-07-26T19:21:05Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ha na''' iya nufin to: == Hukumomi da kungiyoyi == * Hukumar lafiya * Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur * Rashin Gida Australia, kungiya mafi kankanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka * 'Yan luwadi Ba'a san su ba, shirin tsohon Dan luwadi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba aso * Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong == Zane Zane, Nishadi, Da kafofin Watsa Labarai == * <nowiki><i id="mwFw">Ha</i></nowiki> (Doseone album), 2005 * <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Ha</i></nowiki> (Talvin Singh album), 2002 * <nowiki><i id="mwHQ">Ha!</i></nowiki> (Kill Joke album), 1982 * "Ha" (waƙa), ta Juvenile * Ha! (Tashar TV), tashar talabijin ta Amurka mai ban dariya * ''kamar Arbeiderblad'', jaridar Norway * ''Human Action'', littafi ne daga masanin tattalin arzikin Austriya Ludwig von Mises * Kamfanin Jim Henson, wanda aka fi sani da ha! == Harsuna da haruffa == * Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), wasiƙa a cikin Harshen Javanese * Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic * <big>ه</big> ( hāʾ ), <big>ح</big> ( ḥāʾ ), ko <big>خ</big> ( ḫāʾ ), haruffan Larabci * Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka * [[Harshen Hausa|Yaren Hausa]], lambar ISO 639-1 HA == Wurare == * Ha, Bhutan * Ha, Norway * Ha Gorge, Girka * Yankin lambar HA, kungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin birnin London * Henan, lardin Chaina (Guobiao taƙaice HA) == Kimiyya Da Fasaha == === Kimiyya === * Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium * Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate * Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai === Magani === * Hyperandrogenic anovulation, wanda kuma ake kira polycystic ovary syndrome * Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria) * Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura * Gwajin Hemagglutination, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta === Sauran Amfani A kimiyya Da Fasaha === * ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan trigonometric a lissafi * Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi * Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki * Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki * Babban samuwa, ƙirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis * Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, daya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaiton daidaitawa * H _a, ko madadin hasashe, a cikin gwajin ƙididdiga == Sunayen sunaye == * Ha (sunan mahaifi na ƙasar Sin) ([[wiktionary:哈|哈]]), wanda aka samo a cikin ''Sunayen Sunaye Dari'' * Ha (sunan mahaifi na Koriya) ( [[wiktionary:하|하]], 河 ko 夏) * Sunan Hà, Vietnamese * Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko * Xia (sunan mahaifi) ([[wiktionary:夏|夏]]), wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation == Sufuri == * British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin) * Kamfanin jirgin saman Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA) * Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila == Sauran Amfani == * Ha (mythology) * Ha, Daya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha * Ha Mutane, Mutanen Tanzaniya * Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa Na Amurka == Duba kuma == * Hai (disambiguation) * Haha (rashin fahimta) * Yana da (disambiguation). bn9ihdb54aazmaorokhhdm8kgsd7v8b 887860 887859 2026-07-26T19:21:59Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ha na''' iya nufin to: == Hukumomi da kungiyoyi == * Hukumar lafiya * Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur * Rashin Gida Australia, kungiya mafi kankanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka * 'Yan luwadi Ba'a san su ba, shirin tsohon Dan luwadi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba aso * Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong == Zane Zane, Nishadi, Da kafofin Watsa Labarai == * <nowiki><i id="mwFw">Ha</i></nowiki> (Doseone album), 2005 * <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Ha</i></nowiki> (Talvin Singh album), 2002 * <nowiki><i id="mwHQ">Ha!</i></nowiki> (Kill Joke album), 1982 * "Ha" (waƙa), ta Juvenile * Ha! (Tashar TV), tashar talabijin ta Amurka mai ban dariya * ''kamar Arbeiderblad'', jaridar Norway * ''Human Action'', littafi ne daga masanin tattalin arzikin Austriya Ludwig von Mises * Kamfanin Jim Henson, wanda aka fi sani da ha! == Harsuna da haruffa == * Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), wasiƙa a cikin Harshen Javanese * Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic * <big>ه</big> ( hāʾ ), <big>ح</big> ( ḥāʾ ), ko <big>خ</big> ( ḫāʾ ), haruffan Larabci * Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka * [[Harshen Hausa|Yaren Hausa]], lambar ISO 639-1 HA == Wurare == * Ha, Bhutan * Ha, Norway * Ha Gorge, Girka * Yankin lambar HA, kungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin birnin London * Henan, lardin Chaina (Guobiao taƙaice HA) == Kimiyya Da Fasaha == === Kimiyya === * Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium * Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate * Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai === Magani === * Hyperandrogenic anovulation, wanda kuma ake kira polycystic ovary syndrome * Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria) * Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura * Gwajin Hemagglutination, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta === Sauran Amfani A kimiyya Da Fasaha === * ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan trigonometric a lissafi * Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi * Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki * Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki * Babban samuwa, ƙirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis * Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, daya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaiton daidaitawa * H _a, ko madadin hasashe, a cikin gwajin ƙididdiga == Sunayen sunaye == * Ha (sunan mahaifi na ƙasar Sin chaina) ([[wiktionary:哈|哈]]), wanda aka samo a cikin ''Sunayen Sunaye ɗari'' * Ha (sunan mahaifi na Koriya) ( [[wiktionary:하|하]], 河 ko 夏) * Sunan Hà, Vietnamese * Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko * Xia (sunan mahaifi) ([[wiktionary:夏|夏]]), wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation == Sufuri == * British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin) * Kamfanin jirgin saman Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA) * Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila == Sauran Amfani == * Ha (mythology) * Ha, Daya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha * Ha Mutane, Mutanen Tanzaniya * Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa Na Amurka == Duba kuma == * Hai (disambiguation) * Haha (rashin fahimta) * Yana da (disambiguation). nsqg695n6o3cteqo67fk1vnxrk37m1z 887861 887860 2026-07-26T19:23:37Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ha na''' iya nufin to: == Hukumomi da kungiyoyi == * Hukumar lafiya * Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur * Rashin Gida Australia, ƙungiya mafi kankanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka * 'Yan luwadi Ba'a san su ba, shirin tsohon Dan luwadi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba aso * Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong == Zane Zane, Nishadi, Da kafofin Watsa Labarai == * <nowiki><i id="mwFw">Ha</i></nowiki> (Doseone album), 2005 * <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Ha</i></nowiki> (Talvin Singh album), 2002 * <nowiki><i id="mwHQ">Ha!</i></nowiki> (Kill Joke album), 1982 * "Ha" (waƙa), ta Juvenile * Ha! (Tashar TV), tashar talabijin ta Amurka mai ban dariya * ''kamar Arbeiderblad'', jaridar Norway * ''Human Action'', littafi ne daga masanin tattalin arzikin Austriya Ludwig von Mises * Kamfanin Jim Henson, wanda aka fi sani da ha! == Harsuna da haruffa == * Ha (Javanese) (ꦲ), wasiƙa a cikin Harshen Javanese * Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic * <big>ه</big> ( hāʾ ), <big>ح</big> ( ḥāʾ ), ko <big>خ</big> ( ḫāʾ ), haruffan Larabci * Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka * [[Harshen Hausa|Yaren Hausa]], lambar ISO 639-1 HA == Wurare == * Ha, Bhutan * Ha, Norway * Ha Gorge, Girka * Yankin lambar HA, ƙungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin birnin London * Henan, lardin Chaina (Guobiao taƙaice HA) == Kimiyya Da Fasaha == === Kimiyya === * Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium * Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate * Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai === Magani === * Hyperandrogenic anovulation, wanda kuma ake kira polycystic ovary syndrome * Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria) * Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura * Gwajin Hemagglutination, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta === Sauran Amfani A kimiyya Da Fasaha === * ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan trigonometric a lissafi * Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi * Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki * Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki * Babban samuwa, ƙirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis * Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, daya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaiton daidaitawa * H _a, ko madadin hasashe, a cikin gwajin ƙididdiga == Sunayen sunaye == * Ha (sunan mahaifi na ƙasar Sin chaina) ([[wiktionary:哈|哈]]), wanda aka samo a cikin ''Sunayen Sunaye ɗari'' * Ha (sunan mahaifi na Koriya) ( [[wiktionary:하|하]], 河 ko 夏) * Sunan Hà, Vietnamese * Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko * Xia (sunan mahaifi) ([[wiktionary:夏|夏]]), wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha in Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese pronunciation == Sufuri == * British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin) * Kamfanin jirgin saman Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA) * Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila == Sauran Amfani == * Ha (mythology) * Ha, Daya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha * Ha Mutane, Mutanen Tanzaniya * Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa Na Amurka == Duba kuma == * Hai (disambiguation) * Haha (rashin fahimta) * Yana da (disambiguation). 5f6uy78xoez01iwmx8nexi9dxawjyso 0 25595 887946 878632 2026-07-27T03:38:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:WW Chicago 2012 - Lesley-Ann Brandt 03 (7785753568).jpg|thumb|lesley ann]] [[Fayil:WW Chicago 2012 - Lesley-Ann Brandt 01 (7785752414).jpg|thumb|Lesley ann]] '''Lesley-Ann Brandt''' (an haife ta 2 Disamba 1981) yar wasan kwaikwayo [[Afirka ta Kudu|ce ta Afirka ta Kudu.]] Brandt ta yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye -shiryen talabijin na ƙasar New Zealand. Ta taka rawa a matsayin kuyanga (Naevia) a cikin shirin fim mai dogon Zango wato ''[[Spartacus: Blood and Sand]]'' Wanda duniya ta fara sanin ta akai. Tun daga Janairu 2016, ta taka rawa a matsayin Mazikeen a shiri mai dogon Zango na ƙafar talabijin mai suna ''Lucifer.'' == Rayuwar farko == An haife ta a [[Cape Town]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], Brandt shine Cape Colored na Indiya, Jamusanci, Dutch, da zuriyar Spain.<ref>{{cite web |title=Actress Lesley Ann Brandt from the show 'Lucifer' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUHfdDSm-1s |website=YouTube |access-date=8 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/LesleyAnnBrandt/status/191022911103053824|title=📎Lesley-Ann Brandt on Twitter|publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> Ta kasance mai magana da harshen [[Afrikaans|Afirkaans sosai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lesleyannbrandt.ausxip.com/bio.html|title=Official Lesley-Ann Brandt Fan Site - Biography|publisher=lesleyannbrandt.ausxip.com|access-date=10 November 2010}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kuma ta lissafo yoga, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, da ƙwallon kwando a cikin abubuwan da take so. A Afirka ta Kudu, ta buga wasan hockey na gasa. [[File:Lesley-Ann Brandt by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|Lesley-Ann Brandt]] A cikin 1999, Brandt ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Auckland]], [[Sabuwar Zelandiya|New Zealand]], tare da iyayenta da kaninta Brian Brandt. Brandt ta fara aiki saye da siyarwar a cikin Auckland.<ref name="AUSXIP">{{cite web|url=http://spartacus.ausxip.com/cast/lesley-ann_brandt/|title=AUSXIP Interviews Spartacus Actress Lesley-Ann Brandt|publisher=talkingxena.yuku.com|date=6 December 2009|access-date=9 November 2010|archive-date=23 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010336/http://spartacus.ausxip.com/cast/lesley-ann_brandt/|url-status=dead}}</ref> kafin ta sami aiki a matsayin ƙwararriyar mai ba da shawara ta (information technology).<ref name="starz">{{cite web |url=http://www.starz.com/pressroomstatic/tcasummer2010/pdf/CAST%20BIOS_Spartacus%20Gods%20of%20the%20Arena.pdf |title=Cast Bios: Lesley-Ann Brandt (Naevia) |access-date=22 November 2010 |publisher=starz.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717233757/http://www.starz.com/pressroomstatic/tcasummer2010/pdf/CAST%20BIOS_Spartacus%20Gods%20of%20the%20Arena.pdf |archive-date=17 July 2011 }}</ref><ref name="screenrave">{{cite web|url=http://screenrave.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=709&Itemid=204|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt - Plays Naevia on Spartacus|last=Suggs|first=Bob|date=1 January 2010|access-date=9 November 2010|publisher=Screen Rave|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716022359/http://screenrave.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=709&Itemid=204|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref> Bayan wasu ayyukan yin tallan kayan kawa, an saka ta cikin waɗansu tallace -tallacen talabijin na New Zealand.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt on her role in Netflix series Lucifer|url=https://www.iol.co.za/weekend-argus/lesley-ann-brandt-on-her-role-in-netflix-series-lucifer-22557495|first=Luke|last=Folb|date=6 May 2019|publisher=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|IOL]]|access-date=19 May 2019}}</ref> Ta ƙaranci wasan kwaikwayo kuma an horar da ita a cikin fasahar Meisner a 2008. == Sana'a == Babban rawar da Brandt ya taka muhimmiyar rawa shine a cikin jerin talabijin na New Zealand na ''diflomasiyya na diflomasiyya''. Brandt ya fito a matsayin baƙo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu na New Zealand, ''Shortland Street'', kuma ''Wannan Ba Rayuwata bane'', jerin almara na kimiyya wanda aka saita a cikin 2020s a cikin garin almara na Waimoana.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment-reviews/news/article.cfm?c_id=1502967&objectid=10662169|title=TV Review: 'This Is Not My Life'|first=Russell|last=Baillie|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=30 July 2010|access-date=22 November 2010|archive-date=18 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118072907/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment-reviews/news/article.cfm?c_id=1502967&objectid=10662169|url-status=dead}}</ref> Brandt ta fito a matsayin kuyanga Naevia a zangon farkon na shirin ''[[Spartacus: Blood and Sand]]'' da ministocin prequel ''[[Spartacus: Gods of the Arena]]''. Da farko ta fara duba yiwuwar taka rawa a matsayin Sura amma daraktan simintin ya ba da shawarar ta duba aikin Naevia a maimakon haka.<ref name="KKM">{{cite web|url=http://www.actors.co.nz/people/downloadReport.aspx?anybodyId=89673|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt|date=23 November 2010|publisher=Karen Kay Management|access-date=22 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527030124/http://www.actors.co.nz/people/downloadReport.aspx?anybodyId=89673|archive-date=27 May 2010}}</ref> Brandt ba ta dawo ba domin cigaba da ɗaukar shirin''Spartacus'' na gaba ba, sakamakon mutuwar [[Andy Whitfield]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citypress.co.za/entertainment/burning-up-hollywood/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-06-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129042337/http://www.citypress.co.za/entertainment/burning-up-hollywood/ |archive-date=2014-11-29 }}</ref> [[File:LAB (19593687801).jpg|thumb|Lesley-Ann Brandt]] Manajan ta Steven Jensen ya gaya wa TheWrap, "Tana son komawa, amma da gaske ba su sami lambar da muke nema ba." Ya ce za ta sake yin tunani "idan sun tashi tsaye". STARZ ba ta da sharhi. A ƙarshe Cynthia Addai-Robinson ya maye gurbin Brandt a matsayin Naevia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/tv/column-post/lesley-ann-brandt-would-stay-spartacus-price-24836/|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt Would Stay With 'Spartacus'—for a Price|date=17 February 2011|access-date=12 October 2022|archive-date=8 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108034705/https://www.thewrap.com/tv/column-post/lesley-ann-brandt-would-stay-spartacus-price-24836/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Brandt ta taka rawar gani a cikin fim ɗin New Zealand ''The Hopes & Dreams of Gazza Snell''. Fim din, game da wanda hatsarin tseren kart ya rutsa da shi, an yi fim da shi a Howick, wani yanki na Gabashin Auckland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nzfilm.co.nz/NewsAndMedia/NewsAndPressReleases/News/HOPES___DREAMS__NEW_FILM_ATTRACTS_STRONG_CAST.aspx|title=Hopes and Dreams: New film attracts strong cast|date=16 November 2009|publisher=[[New Zealand Film Commission]]|access-date=9 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805131052/http://www.nzfilm.co.nz/NewsAndMedia/NewsAndPressReleases/News/HOPES___DREAMS__NEW_FILM_ATTRACTS_STRONG_CAST.aspx|archive-date=5 August 2010}}</ref> Baƙon Brandt ya yi tauraro a cikin ''[[CSI: NY]]'' Smooth Criminal" da "Food for Thought". An nuna Brandt a cikin fim ''InSight'' inda ta ke yin aikin jinya Valerie Khoury. A watan Mayu 2010, baƙon Brandt ta fito a cikin ''[[Legend of the Seeker|Legend of the Seeke]]'', wani aikin Rob Tapert/ Sam Raimi da aka yi fim a New Zealand. Ta bayyana a wasan karshe na kakar wasa ta 2 "Hawaye" a cikin rawar Sister Thea. A cikin 2011, baƙuwar ta bayyana a cikin ''Memphis Beat na'' TNT, wanda ya biyo bayan matsayin jagora a matsayin Cassie a cikin mafi girman sifa ta asali ta Syfy ''don 2011, Zombie Apocalypse'', wanda kuma ya haskaka Ving Rhames da Taryn Manning. Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin fasalin ''Drift'' tare da Sam Worthington da Xavier Samuel, da ''Duke'' da ''CSI: NY'' star Carmine Giovinazzo. A cikin shekarar 2013, ta taka rawar a zango na ukku na shirin ''Ladies Single'' kamar Naomi Cox.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Schillaci|first1=Sophie|title='Single Ladies' Season Three: These Rookies Are Shaking Things Up|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1720381/single-ladies-season-3-dish-up-drama/|website=MTV|access-date=13 January 2014|archive-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308044015/http://www.mtv.com/news/1720381/single-ladies-season-3-dish-up-drama/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2014, baƙo ta yi tauraro a matsayin Larissa Diaz/Copperhead akan ''Gotham'',<ref>{{cite web|last1=Maglio|first1=Tony|title='Gotham's' Copperhead Debuts on Fox's Fall Finale|url=https://www.thewrap.com/gothams-copperhead-debuts-on-foxs-fall-finale-exclusive-photos/|website=The Wrap|date=24 November 2014}}</ref> kuma ta bayyana azaman maimaita Lamia a cikin ''The Librarians''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Andreeva|first1=Nellie|title=TNT Eyes 'The Librarian' Series; Noah Wyle, Bob Newhart & Jane Curtin May Return|url=https://deadline.com/2014/02/tnt-eyes-the-librarian-series-noah-wyle-bob-newhart-jane-curtin-may-return-686831/|website=Deadline|access-date=20 February 2014}}</ref> ==Kyauta== A cikin 2015, ta sami nasarar Maze a cikin jerin talabijin na FOX ''Lucifer''. Ta maye gurbin ƴar wasan kwaikwayo Lina Esco wacce aka sake ta bayan karanta teburin farko. An ba da rahoton Brandt ya gwada matsayin kuma an sake yin la'akari da shi bayan an saki Esco.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Andreeva|first1=Nellie|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt Joins 'Lucifer' Fox Pilot In Recasting|url=https://deadline.com/2015/03/lesley-ann-brandt-lucifer-fox-pilot-recasting-1201394166/|website=Deadline|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref> ==Rayuwar sirri== Brandt tana zaune ne a Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lesley-annbrandt.com/biography/|title=Biography|year=2012|publisher=Lesley-Ann Brandt Official Website|access-date=28 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816034139/http://lesley-annbrandt.com/biography/|archive-date=16 August 2012}}</ref> ===Aure=== Brandt ta auri saurayinta na tsawon shekaru shida, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Chris Payne Gilbert]], a 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brides.com/blogs/aisle-say/2016/01/lucifer-actress-lesley-ann-brandt-vermont-wedding-christina-florada-photography.html|title=Actress Lesley Ann Brandt's Vermont Wedding|publisher=Brides.com|author=Rello, Gabriella|date=January 25, 2016|access-date=April 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716120032/http://www.brides.com/blogs/aisle-say/2016/01/lucifer-actress-lesley-ann-brandt-vermont-wedding-christina-florada-photography.html|archive-date=July 16, 2016|url-status=dead}}.</ref> ɗan farko na ma'auratan shi ne Kingston Payne Brandt-Gilbert, an haife shi a watan Yulin 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.com/babies/lesley-ann-brandt-chris-payne-gilbert-welcome-son-kingston-payne/|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt and Chris Payne Gilbert Welcome Son Kingston Payne|work=People|author=Juneau, Jen|date=July 21, 2017 |access-date=September 23, 2017}}</ref> == Fina-finai == [[File:Lesley-Ann_Brandt_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg|right|thumb| Brandt a 2017 WonderCon, don inganta ''Lucifer'' .]] === Fim === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Taken ! Matsayi ! Bayanan kula |- | 2010 | ''Fatan & Mafarkin Gazza Snell'' | Sharon | |- | 2011 | ''InSight'' | Valerie Khuury | |- | 2012 | ''Kyakkyawar Ruhi'' | Angela Barry | |- | 2013 | ''Gwagwarmaya'' | Lani | |- | 2011 | ''Duke'' | Violet | |- | 2015 | ''Magunguna masu rage radadin ciwo'' | Ciki | |- | 2019 | ''Kullewar zuciya'' | Tara Sharpe | |- |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Taken ! Matsayi ! Bayanan kula |- | 2009 | ''Rigakafin diflomasiyya'' | Leilani Fa'auigaese | 13 aukuwa |- | 2010 | ''Spartacus: Jini da yashi'' | Naevia | 11 aukuwa |- | 2010 | ''Labarin Mai Neman'' | 'Yar'uwa Thea | Episode: "Hawaye" |- | 2010 | ''Wannan Ba Rayuwata Bace'' | Wakilin Filin Hine / WAI | 2 aukuwa |- | 2011 | ''Chuck'' | Fatima Tazi | Episode: " Chuck Versus da lalata ba zai yiwu ba " |- | 2011 | ''Spartacus: Alloli na Arena'' | Naevia | 6 aukuwa |- | 2011 | ''CSI: NY'' | Camille Jordanson da | 2 aukuwa |- | 2011 | ''Memphis Beat'' | Adriana | Episode: " Abubuwan da muke ɗauka " |- | 2011 | ''Apocalypse na Zombie'' | Cassie | Fim din talabijin |- | 2014 | ''Kasancewa Mary Jane'' | Tamiko Roberts | Episode: "Daren Mata a ciki" |- | 2014 | ''Mata Masu Kisa'' | Amber Flynn | Episode: "A ciki da waje" |- | 2014 | ''Matan aure'' | Naomi Cox | 11 aukuwa |- | 2014 | ''Gotham'' | Larissa Diaz/Copperhead | Episode: "Lovecraft" |- | 2014 | ''Laburare'' | Lamiya | 5 aukuwa |- | 2016–2021 | ''Lucifer'' | Mazikeen<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Lillith | Babban Cast (Lokacin 1-6)<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Lilith (Lokacin 5, Episode 4 kawai) |- |} === Bidiyoyin kiɗa === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! class="unsortable" | Year ! class="unsortable" | Band ! class="unsortable" | Title ! class="unsortable" | Character ! class="unsortable" | Director |- |2007 |[[Battle Circus (band)|Battle Circus]] |"Love in a Fallout Shelter"<ref name="KK">{{cite web|url=http://www.actors.co.nz/people/viewAnybody.aspx?AnybodyID=89673|title=Lesley-Ann Brandt - Music Video|publisher=Karen Kay Management Limited|access-date=22 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527011605/http://www.actors.co.nz/people/viewAnybody.aspx?anybodyId=89673|archive-date=27 May 2010}}</ref> |Lead Female |Anton Steel |- |2007 |[[Nesian Mystik]] |"R.S.V.P."<ref name="KK"/> |Lead Female |Luke Sharpe |} ===Podcasts=== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Date !Title |- |Nov. 5, 2019 |''That One Audition with Alyshia Ochse''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alyshiaochse.libsyn.com/098-lesley-ann-brandt-punch-above-your-weight|title = That One Audition with Alyshia Ochse: 098: Lesley-Ann Brandt — Punch Above Your Weight}}</ref> |- |July 15, 2019 |''LipRoll''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iheart.com/podcast/256-liproll-43079360/episode/lesley-ann-brandt-actress-maze-on-netflixs-46944483/|title = Lesley-Ann Brandt (Actress, "Maze") on Netflix's Lucifer - LipRoll}}</ref> |- |July 11, 2019 |''Out in Left Field with Dana Goldberg''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sexyliberal.com/lucifer-star-lesley-ann-brandt-goes-out-in-left-field/|title=Lucifer Star Lesley-Ann Brandt Goes Out in Left Field&#124;Stephanie Miller's Sexy Liberal Podcast Network}}</ref> |- |May 23, 2019 |''Fan Wonderland''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/anchor-podcasts/fan-wonderland/e/61001746|title = Fan Wonderland - Episode {{sic|Fourty|hide=y}} Three: All Hell Breaks Loose with Lesley-Ann Brandt on Stitcher}}</ref> |- |2019 |''Mama Said''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.podcastone.com/episode/Taking-Leave-for-Both-Mommy-and-Daddy-with-Lesley-Ann-Brandt|title=PodcastOne: Taking Leave for Both Mommy and Daddy with Lesley-Ann Brandt|access-date=2022-10-12|archive-date=2020-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026012103/https://www.podcastone.com/episode/Taking-Leave-for-Both-Mommy-and-Daddy-with-Lesley-Ann-Brandt|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2019 |''Build & Chill with The TVC''<ref>https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lesley-ann-brandt-lucifer-gotham-liproll-crew/id1471072361?i=1000444753941{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |January 22, 2016 |''Down and Nerdy''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://podbay.fm/podcast/975437148/e/1453441708|title=Episode 96 - an Interview with Lesley-Ann Brandt from FOX's Lucifer from Down and Nerdy Podcast &#124; Podcast Episode on Podbay}}</ref> |- |} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.lesley-annbrandt.com/}} * Lesley Ann Brandt </img> * {{IMDb name|2788229}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110830194103/http://thebringerofrain.net/interview/lesleyannbrandt/ Lesley -Ann Brandt ta amsa tambayoyin fan - Fabrairu 2011] ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mata yan fim]] [[Category:Mutanen Afirka]] [[Category:Mutanen Afirka ta Kudu]] 1p817iilytt1ez41ifwyoyjv6lm9tkk 0 27320 887823 885563 2026-07-26T17:13:33Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339073560|Mother of George]]" 887823 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Fim din ya fito ne daga Patrick S. Cunningham <ref name="hollywoodreporter" /> da Rhea Scott . Wani hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2013">McCarthy, Todd (19 January 2013). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 "Mother of George: Sundance Review"]. ''The Hollywood Reporter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013.<ref name="Maryland-2013">{{Cite web |title=Mother of George |url=http://md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072424/http://www.md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2013-08-31 |publisher=Maryland Film Festival}}</ref> Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Oscilloscope Acquires Andrew Dosonmu's Mother of George |url=https://deadline.com/2013/01/sundance-oscilloscope-acquires-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george-413717/ |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' k4yx7i9loncnviobz6nk9k6sp6v3min 887824 887823 2026-07-26T17:14:22Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Fim din ya fito ne daga Patrick S. Cunningham <ref name="hollywoodreporter" /> da Rhea Scott . Wani hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2013">McCarthy, Todd (19 January 2013). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 "Mother of George: Sundance Review"]. ''The Hollywood Reporter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013.<ref name="Maryland-2013">{{Cite web |title=Mother of George |url=http://md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072424/http://www.md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2013-08-31 |publisher=Maryland Film Festival}}</ref> Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Oscilloscope Acquires Andrew Dosonmu's Mother of George |url=https://deadline.com/2013/01/sundance-oscilloscope-acquires-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george-413717/ |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' npx5wjolnkw087fcjie6c4zv52xut80 887825 887824 2026-07-26T17:15:16Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2013">McCarthy, Todd (19 January 2013). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 "Mother of George: Sundance Review"]. ''The Hollywood Reporter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013.<ref name="Maryland-2013">{{Cite web |title=Mother of George |url=http://md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072424/http://www.md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2013-08-31 |publisher=Maryland Film Festival}}</ref> Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Oscilloscope Acquires Andrew Dosonmu's Mother of George |url=https://deadline.com/2013/01/sundance-oscilloscope-acquires-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george-413717/ |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' t7eqnk903oz47ullqjhzjfa6m4o0qiy 887826 887825 2026-07-26T17:16:01Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2013">McCarthy, Todd (19 January 2013). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 "Mother of George: Sundance Review"]. ''The Hollywood Reporter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013.<ref name="Maryland-2013">{{Cite web |title=Mother of George |url=http://md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072424/http://www.md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2013-08-31 |publisher=Maryland Film Festival}}</ref> Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Oscilloscope Acquires Andrew Dosonmu's Mother of George |url=https://deadline.com/2013/01/sundance-oscilloscope-acquires-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george-413717/ |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' 5g8xntqhmbua3vl8sp8e3ns1dxxylnw 887827 887826 2026-07-26T17:16:25Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da kasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2013">McCarthy, Todd (19 January 2013). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 "Mother of George: Sundance Review"]. ''The Hollywood Reporter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013.<ref name="Maryland-2013">{{Cite web |title=Mother of George |url=http://md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072424/http://www.md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2013-08-31 |publisher=Maryland Film Festival}}</ref> Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Oscilloscope Acquires Andrew Dosonmu's Mother of George |url=https://deadline.com/2013/01/sundance-oscilloscope-acquires-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george-413717/ |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' ac4toxrzosyhm59kr1dvwnha3vc0qnz 887828 887827 2026-07-26T17:17:39Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2013">McCarthy, Todd (19 January 2013). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 "Mother of George: Sundance Review"]. ''The Hollywood Reporter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013.<ref name="Maryland-2013">{{Cite web |title=Mother of George |url=http://md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072424/http://www.md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2013-08-31 |publisher=Maryland Film Festival}}</ref> Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2013 |title=Oscilloscope Acquires Andrew Dosonmu's Mother of George |url=https://deadline.com/2013/01/sundance-oscilloscope-acquires-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george-413717/ |access-date=14 March 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' msy9p54nk4rlc2xm5qexg7m88ggscpp 887829 887828 2026-07-26T17:20:10Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2013">McCarthy, Todd (19 January 2013). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 "Mother of George: Sundance Review"]. ''The Hollywood Reporter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013.<ref name="Maryland-2013">{{Cite web |title=Mother of George |url=http://md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072424/http://www.md-filmfest.com/festival/film-guide/59 |archive-date=2013-06-07 |access-date=2013-08-31 |publisher=Maryland Film Festival}}</ref> Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' c9aj2h4s16mik36d4z1ofqmzdsp1zsc 887830 887829 2026-07-26T17:21:39Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2013">McCarthy, Todd (19 January 2013). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 "Mother of George: Sundance Review"]. ''The Hollywood Reporter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' 9rqaepw6e1u371qnypngb7u78285lkw 887831 887830 2026-07-26T17:24:47Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2013">McCarthy, Todd (19 January 2013). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 "Mother of George: Sundance Review" Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' 72n36nptauvtu2e7iolcu4ai58x0c3f 887832 887831 2026-07-26T17:25:23Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2013">McCarthy, Todd (19 January 2013). [https: Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' 813604i630wxnymng0vwipl2fo18k2w 887833 887832 2026-07-26T17:25:58Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date=5 March 2013 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-i Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' lanh4ekqgygsnex5jyf0h741zh84tsa 887834 887833 2026-07-26T17:26:25Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/mother-george/review/413982 |access-date= Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' ay0mximo6rm82cuwy1644svf4q8bw7h 887835 887834 2026-07-26T17:27:07Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter. Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' mwku5bpenaqf3kylf9qj1ck0bn01ett 887836 887835 2026-07-26T17:27:31Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January 2013 |title=Mother of George: Sundance Review Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' edwr34axwecliaof3f42f3fekne5k73 887837 887836 2026-07-26T17:27:57Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Todd |date=19 January Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' 4tem2d8fmdoxjtvlyei67cugvzfd9cg 887838 887837 2026-07-26T17:28:21Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. <ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{Cite web |last=Mc Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' mfbu87m8f4lppzat76mnd7achweo8t0 887839 887838 2026-07-26T17:30:56Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. <ref nam Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' qx7ajfmkett87h0unlwxlzpi2b9lngd 887840 887839 2026-07-26T17:31:30Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin hadin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' 1gs250bqvwpm4dp09b8dsdp9daps69n 887841 887840 2026-07-26T17:33:40Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. Mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin haɗin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' tsujwd4ynvggaocfih4tj2loe07tljl 887854 887841 2026-07-26T18:05:08Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 887854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox) '''''Uwar George''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na 2013 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta kuma yana ba da labarin sabon ma'aurata na Najeriya a Brooklyn waɗanda ke da kuma gudanar da ƙaramin gidan cin abinci yayin da suke gwagwarmaya da matsalolin haihuwa. Wani hadin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa na Najeriya da Amurka, ''Uwar George'' ta fara fitowa a gasar Dramatic ta Amurka a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2013. Mai ɗaukar hoto Bradford Young ya lashe kyautar Cinematography ta Sundance 2013: Dramatic ta Amurka saboda aikinsa a fim din, da kuma Ain't Them Bodies Saints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshire |first=Godfrey |author-link=Godfrey Cheshire |date=13 September 2013 |title=Mother of George |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mother-of-george-2013 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi ''Uwar George'' a matsayin fim na ƙarshe a bikin fina-finai na Maryland na 2013. Oscilloscope Laboratories ne suka sayi fim din don rarraba Amurka kuma an ba shi iyakantaccen fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2013. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da bikin auren ma'aurata 'yan Najeriya, Ayodele da Adenike Balogun . Adenike ta sami takalma na haihuwa daga surukarta, Mama Ayo kuma kodayake ma'auratan suna yin soyayya a daren farko na aurensu, Adenike tana ƙoƙari ta yi juna biyu. Duk da shan shayi wanda ya kamata ya taimaka tare da haihuwa, Adenike har yanzu ba ta iya ɗaukar ciki kuma tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga Mama Ayo. Ziyarar likitan ta nuna cewa Adenike na iya samun taimako a kan batun, amma Ayodele ya ki yin haɗin kai. Sade ta ambaci tallafi amma Adenike ta nace cewa tana so ta haifi yaron da kanta. Mama Ayo ta gabatar da wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa: Adenike na iya ɗaukar ɗa tare da ɗan'uwan Ayodele, Biyi. Biyi da farko ya ki shiga cikin makircin amma daga ƙarshe ya ba da gudummawa. Bayan wannan Adenike ta yi juna biyu. Ayodele ya yi imanin cewa shi ne mahaifin. Laifin ya zama da yawa ga Adenike, kuma a ƙarshe ta gaya wa mijinta gaskiya. Ayodele daga baya ya fita daga auren kuma ya fuskanci mahaifiyarsa. Adenike ya shiga cikin haihuwa, kuma fim din ya ƙare yayin da Ayodele ya haɗu da sauran a asibiti. == Masu ba da labari == * Isaach na Bankolé a matsayin Ayodele Balogun * Danai zai so farin ciki a matsayin Adenike Balogun * [[Bukky Ajayi]] a matsayin Ma Ayo Balogun * [[Tony Okungbowa]] a matsayin Biyi Balogun * Yaya DaCosta a matsayin Sade Bakere * Klarissa Jackson a matsayin Atibo * Ishmael Omolade a matsayin Dave * Roslyn Ruff a matsayin Dokta * Chinaza Uche a matsayin Frank * Florence Egbuchulam a matsayin Funke * Mutiyat Ade-Salu a matsayin Helen * Deen Badarou a matsayin Mista Lawal * Susan Heyward a matsayin Monica * [[Ebbe Bassey]] a matsayin Yinka * Babs Olusanmokun a matsayin Tunde * Hubert Point Du Jour a matsayin Tony == Karɓar baƙi == A kan ''Afirka Kasar ce'', Steffan Horowitz ya yaba da aikin kyamara, saiti, da makirci, kodayake rubutun ya sami wasu zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2025 |title=Review: Andrew Dosunmu's "Mother of George" |url=http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916150129/http://africasacountry.com/review-andrew-dosunmus-mother-of-george/ |archive-date=16 September 2013 |website=Africa's a Country}}</ref> An lissafa shi a matsayin ''[[New York Times]]'' Critics" Pick . [2]''.'' iolf7m7aawwwx07hoiqcp5an0n6h24f 0 27433 887819 862778 2026-07-26T16:56:05Z Kaddi123 38060 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347133905|The White Handkerchief]]" 887819 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> By kaddi The White Handkerchief wani ɗan gajeren fim ne na Najeriya na 1998 wanda [[Tunde Kelani]] ya samar kuma ya ba da umarni tare da Yemi Komolafe, [[Yemi Shodimu]], da [[Khabirat Kafidipe]] ,An daidaita fim din daga The Virgin, littafi na farko na [[Bayo Adebowale]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Continual Re-enchantment: Tunde Kelani's Village Films and the Spectres of Early African Cinema |url=http://framescinemajournal.com/article/continual-re-enchantment-tunde-kelanis-village-films-and-the-spectres-of-early-african-cinema/ |access-date=5 April 2015 |website=framescinemajournal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Best of Nigeria's literary adaptations into movies |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/entertainment/item/14063-best-of-nigeria-s-literary-adaptations-into-movies/14063-best-of-nigeria-s-literary-adaptations-into-movies |access-date=5 April 2015 |website=tribune.com.ng}}</ref> == Takaitaccen Bayani == Fim din ya ba da labarin wata yarinya yarinya mai suna Awero, wacce [[Sola Asedeko]] ta taka, wacce ta rasa budurcinta sakamakon fyade kafin ta sadu da abin ƙaunarta ta, yarinta,mai suna Odejimi, wanda ta yanke shawarar aure. Dole ne Odejimi ya yi amfani da fararen takalma don tabbatar da jinin budurwa na Awero a daren bikin aurensu kamar yadda al'ada ta buƙaci. Odejimi ya yi takaici lokacin da ba a samar da jini ba, kuma wannan ya haifar da yaki tsakanin mazauna kauyen Awero da Odejimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=White Handkerchief |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/2012/white-handkerchief/ |access-date=5 April 2015 |website=African Film Festival Inc.}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Sola Asedeko]] * [[Idowu Philips]] * [[Khabirat Kafidipe]] * [[Yemi Shodimu]] a matsayin Odejimi * [[Akinwunmi Isola]] * [[Yemi Komolafe|Yemi Akomolafe]] a matsayin Awero * Yinka Akanbi a matsayin Lapade * Kemi Akanni a matsayin kawun Odejimi * Abiodun Aleja a matsayin Dauda * Moji Bamtefa a matsayin Uwar Awero * Lai Karounwi a matsayin Uba na Awero == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Dr 6vwo1k9j27dzlvto3kxdupzkbjkf0y8 0 29964 888022 787567 2026-07-27T09:15:53Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The '''Freedom Riders National Monument''' wani abin tunawa ne na Ƙasar Amurka a Anniston, Alabama wanda Shugaba [[Barack Obama|Barack Obama ya]] kafa a cikin Janairu shekarata 2017, don kiyayewa da tunawa da Ƴancin 'a lokacin [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama]] . Hukumar kula da wuraren shakatawa ta kasa ce ke gudanar da wannan abin tunawa. Ƙungiyar Ƴancin Riders National Monument na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tunawa na kasa guda uku da aka tsara ta hanyar shelar Shugaba Obama a ranar 12, ga Janairu, shekarar 2017. Na biyu shi ne abin tunawa na Ƙasar Haƙƙin Bil'adama na Birmingham kuma na uku, Gidan Tarihi na Zamani na Sake, an sake sanya shi azaman National Historical Park a ranar Maris 12, shekarata 2019. <ref name="Eversley">Melanie Eversley, [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/01/12/obama-designates-3-civil-rights-sites-national-monuments/96515606/ Obama designates 3 civil rights sites as national monuments], ''USA Today'' (January 12, 2017).</ref> == Shafukan. == Abin tunawa na Ƴancin Riders na Kasa ya ƙunshi wurare biyu, ɗaya a cikin garin Anniston kanta da ɗayan a wajen gari. === Tashar Bus ta Greyhound. === Wurin farko da aka sanya a matsayin wani ɓangare na abin tunawa na ƙasa shine tsohon wurin ajiyar bas na Greyhound a 1031, Gurnee Avenue a Anniston, inda, a ranar 14, ga Mayu, shekarata 1961, ƴan zanga-zanga suka kai hari ga hadaddiyar ƙungiyar fararen fata da baƙi 'Yanci Riders waɗanda suka nemi kawo ƙarshen wariyar launin fata . a cikin bas ɗin tsakanin jahohi. ’Yan zanga-zangar sun sare tayar motar bas din, suka yi jifa da duwatsu, suka karya tagogin bas din, sannan suka bi motar bayan ta tashi daga ma’ajiyar. <ref name="NPSRelease">[http://www.annistonal.gov/uploadedFiles/File/final-News-release-Freedom-Riders-National-Monument-event-on-May-13-2.pdf Freedom Riders National Monument Celebration Set for May 13: Interim Visitor Center now open at Anniston City] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016165647/http://www.annistonal.gov/uploadedFiles/File/final-News-release-Freedom-Riders-National-Monument-event-on-May-13-2.pdf |date=2020-10-16 }} (press release), National Park Service.</ref> <ref name="CF">[http://www.conservationfund.org/projects/freedom-riders-national-monument Freedom Riders National Monument], [[The Conservation Fund]] (last accessed April 28, 2017).</ref> A yau bangon ginin da ke kusa da tsohon ma'ajiyar ajiyar yana dauke da bangon da ke da alaƙa da bayanin abin da ya faru. An sanya irin wannan bangon bango kusa da tsohon tashar Trailways inda sauran 'Yan Riders na Freedom suka isa a 1961. Tsohon tashar Greyhound daga baya mallakin birnin Anniston ne kafin bayar da gudummawarsa ga gwamnatin Amurka. Yana ɗaya daga cikin shafuka tara waɗanda ke ɓangare na Anniston Civil Rights and Heritage Trail, <ref name="NPSRelease" /> kuma ana tunawa da shi tare da alamar tarihi, wanda aka gina a cikin shekarata 2016. Hukumar kula da wuraren shakatawa ta kasa, tare da haɗin gwiwar birnin Anniston, sun sanar da shirye-shiryen haɓaka ginin da buɗe shi ga jama'a, amma tun daga watan Mayu shekarata 2017, an rufe shi ga baƙi. === Wurin kona bas. === [[File:Burning_Bus_in_Alabama_-_Joe_Postiglione.jpg|right|thumb| Hoton Joe Postiglione na bas ɗin da ke kona]] Wuri na biyu da aka haɗa cikin sabon abin tunawa na ƙasa shine na bas ɗin da ke cin wuta, wanda ke wajen Anniston kusa da Old Birmingham Highway/ Hanyar Jiha 202, wasu {{Convert|6|mi|km}} nesa da tashar Greyhound. A nan ne motar bas din ta karye saboda tayoyin da ta tashi. ’Yan bangar da suka bi ta daga ma’ajiyar bas din, sun ci gaba da kai farmakin, inda suka jefa “wani dam din daurin wuta a cikin motar bas din da ta fashe bayan dakika kadan” lamarin da ya sa motar ta kone kurmus. <ref name="NPSRelease"/> Mutanen sun far wa fasinjojin ne yayin da suke kokarin guduwa. <ref name="CF"/> Mai daukar hoto mai zaman kansa Joseph "Little Joe" Postiglione ya dauki hoton bas din yayin da ta kone; Hoton da aka samu ya zama alamar motsin kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="NPSRelease" /> <ref>Joe Postiglione, ''[https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/objects/burning-bus-in-alabama Burning Bus in Alabama]'' (The LIFE Magazine Collection, 2005). [[International Center of Photography]].</ref> Alamar Tarihi ta Alabama, wacce aka gina a cikin shekarata 2007, a ƙarƙashin kulawar babin Theta Tau na Omega Psi Phi fraternity, alama ce ta wurin kona bas ɗin. <ref name="NPSRelease" /> An ba da sanarwar a cikin shekarata 2010, cewa an ba da gudummawar kadada biyar na ƙasar da ke kewaye da wurin da motar bas ɗin ta ƙone ga gundumar Calhoun don haɓaka wurin shakatawa; Shirye-shiryen farko sun yi kira ga shimfidar hanyar tafiya, tare da kafa allunan fassara a wurin. Abubuwan da za a iya yiwuwa a nan gaba sun haɗa da mutum-mutumi na Hank Thomas, wanda ya tsira daga lamarin, wanda mazaunin Janie Forsythe na kusa ya ba shi ruwa. Tun lokacin da aka nada abin tunawa na kasa, Ma'aikatar Parking ta Kasa, Calhoun County, da Kwamitin Tunawa da 'Yanci na Freedom Riders sun fara aiki tare don samar da wani shiri don fassara shafin; Alabama Power ya ba da kuɗi don ƙoƙarin a shekarata 2015. An kafa wata alamar da ke nuna kasancewar wurin shakatawa a nan gaba a cikin shekarata 2012. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an sanya shi a wurin an lalata shi, amma an yi gyare-gyare cikin sauri. Gidan da aka kona a yau yana kewaye da gidaje masu zaman kansu. == Tarihin abin tunawa. == Zayyana abin tunawa na kasa ya biyo bayan ziyarar da Sakatariyar Harkokin Cikin Gida Sally Jewell da Daraktan Sabis na Parks Jonathan Jarvis suka kai wurin a watan Oktoba 2016. <ref name="Cunningham">Ben Cunningham, [https://www.annistonstar.com/news/anniston/the-anniston-greyhound-terminal-a-building-s-route-through-time/article_08cfe1ac-9a35-11e6-9de9-e3f95b177f8b.html The Anniston Greyhound terminal: A building's route through time], ''Anniston Star'' (October 24, 2016).</ref> Shugabannin gida a Anniston da Calhoun County, <ref name="NPSRelease"/> waɗanda suka yi fafutuka don ƙirƙirar abin tunawa. <ref name="Cunningham" /> Sauran wadanda suka goyi bayan kafa ta sun hada da Sanata Richard Shelby ; Wakili Mike Rogers, wanda ya gabatar da wani doka don zayyana wuraren tarihi na Freedom Riders National Park a Yuli shekarar 2016; da gwamna Robert J. Bentley . An gudanar da bikin sadaukarwa a ranar 13, ga Mayu, shekarata 2017, a cikin garin Anniston, a ranar da ke gaban bikin cika shekaru 56, da aukuwar lamarin; Wasu masu sauraro sun yi tafiya daga nesa zuwa [[Denmark]] . Tsohon Rider Freedom Hank Thomas, wanda shi ne mutun na karshe da ya tsira daga konawar bas, ya yi jawabi. <ref>Pat Byington, [https://bhamnow.com/index.php/2017/05/14/freedom-riders-2/ Freedom Riders National Monument Dedicated (photos and video)], ''Bham Now'' (May 14, 2017).</ref> <ref>Eddie Burkhalter, [https://www.annistonstar.com/news/anniston/freedom-riders-visitors-from-around-the-world-celebrate-anniston-monument/article_3edb9ff8-3845-11e7-9890-57b6a70ee1da.html Freedom Riders, visitors from around the world celebrate Anniston monument], ''Anniston Star'' (May 14, 2017).</ref> Cibiyar baƙo ta wucin gadi, gami da tashar da baƙi za su iya siyan tambarin fasfo na National Parks, an kafa shi a yankin liyafar Anniston City Hall. A cikin shekarata 2017, Ma'aikatar Kula da Gandun Wuta ta Ƙasa ta nemi taimako daga jama'a game da tsarawa da fassarar Babban Monument na Ƙasa. Jami'an tarayya da na gida sun fara tsara tsare-tsare na yau da kullun na gudanarwa a ƙarshen shekarar 2017. A cikin Maris Na shekarata 2018, Majalisar Birnin Anniston ta ba da izini ga Jami'ar Jihar Jacksonville don gudanar da nazarin tasirin tattalin arziki don abin tunawa. <ref>Daniel Gaddy, [https://www.annistonstar.com/news/anniston/anniston-council-oks-economic-study-for-freedom-riders-monument/article_397cc25a-2ca8-11e8-a489-5b5411c70ee5.html Anniston council OKs economic study for Freedom Riders monument], ''Anniston Star'' (March 20, 2018).</ref> == Duba wasu abubuwan. == * Babban abin tunawa na 'Yancin Bil'adama na Birmingham. * Abin tunawa na Gida na Medgar da Myrlie Evers. * Ƙungiyoyin 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin shahararrun al'adun gargajiya. * Rajista na Kasa na Lissafin Wuraren Tarihi a cikin Calhoun County, Alabama. * Jerin abubuwan tarihi na ƙasa na Amurka. == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.nps.gov/frri/index.htm Shafin Sabis na Kasa na hukuma] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p08yhrt66v0nhpynv3lgi62irls7fnh 0 30242 887726 474806 2026-07-26T14:19:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Re-publica Detroit 2019 - d2 (48936351052).jpg|thumb|Kuukua Eshun]] '''Kuukua Eshun''' ita 'yar Ghana ce ba-Amurke daraktar fim, mai fasaha kuma marubuci. Kuukua tana wayar da kan al'amuran zamantakewa da lafiyar kwakwalwa ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce da fina-finai.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KuuKua|url=https://avalidreview.com/kuukua/|access-date=2020-06-23|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626170455/https://avalidreview.com/kuukua/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kuukua Eshun: Let’s Talk About Mental Health Within The African Community|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/13662/kuukua-eshun-lets-talk-about-mental-health-withi.html|access-date=2020-06-23|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> Ita ce wacce ta kafa Boxedkids.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gyasi|first=Prince|title=Boxed Kids: Accra, Ghana|url=https://suitcasemag.com/articles/boxed-kids-ghana|access-date=2020-06-23|website=Suitcase Magazine|language=en}}</ref> == Aiki == Fim ɗin Kuukua na farko mai suna ''Artist, Act of Love'' ta kuma samu lambar yabo a bikin fina-finan mata na duniya don kyawun gani.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ababio|first=Jesse|date=2020-02-12|title=Ghanaian Short Film "Artist, Act Of Love" Wins Best Visual Effects At The Worldwide Women’s Film Festival|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/02/ghanaian-short-film-artist-act-of-love-wins-best-visual-effects-at-the-worldwide-womens-film-festival/|access-date=2020-06-23|website=Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627122330/https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/02/ghanaian-short-film-artist-act-of-love-wins-best-visual-effects-at-the-worldwide-womens-film-festival/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ita ce wacce ta kafa Skate Gal Club.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Frank|first=Alex|title=Take a Ride With Ghana’s First All-Girls Skate Crew|url=https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/surf-ghana-skate-gal-club-girls-women-skateboard-crew|access-date=2020-06-23|website=Vogue|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Take a Ride With Ghana’s First All-Girls Skate Crew|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ride-ghana-first-girls-skate-120000959.html|access-date=2020-06-23|website=finance.yahoo.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gbadamosi|first=Thomas Cristofoletti,Nosmot|date=2020-02-10|title=People Assumed Women in Ghana Wouldn’t Skate. Then One Crew Changed Everything|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/4ag3pg/skate-gal-club-ghana-gender-equality-metoo-assault-survivors|access-date=2020-06-23|website=Vice|language=en}}</ref> Kuukua ta yi imani da dai-daiton jinsi wanda ya sa ta yi zanga-zanga da yawa a kan titunan Accra. Ta kuma haɗa kai da UNFPA Ghana don gudanar da taron warkarwa ga mata matasa da suka tsira daga cin zarafi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNFPA fights against Gender Violence through Walk and Vigil|url=https://ghananewsagency.org/social/unfpa-fights-against-gender-violence-through-walk-and-vigil-161200|access-date=2020-06-23|website=ghananewsagency.org|archive-date=2020-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626064519/https://ghananewsagency.org/social/unfpa-fights-against-gender-violence-through-walk-and-vigil-161200|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-14|title=UNFPA fights against Gender Violence through walk and vigil|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/unfpa-fights-against-gender-violence-through-walk-and-vigil/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627064405/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/unfpa-fights-against-gender-violence-through-walk-and-vigil/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kuukua kwanan nan tayi aiki da mawaƙin Najeriya [[Wizkid]] inda kuma ta shirya masa wani wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Segbefia|first=Sedem|date=2021-05-01|title=Kuukua Eshun, an extraordinary creative mind|url=https://thebftonline.com/01/05/2021/kuukua-eshun-an-extraordinary-creative-mind/|access-date=2021-11-09|website=The Business & Financial Times|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512233704/https://thebftonline.com/01/05/2021/kuukua-eshun-an-extraordinary-creative-mind/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kuukua ta kuma samu shirin fim dinta na baya-bayan nan mai suna "Unveiling" a Gidan Tarihi na Ostwall Im Dortmunder U da ke Jamus da kuma nunin sa a gidan kayan gargajiya har zuwa Maris ɗin shekarar 2022. Cibiyar ANO Institute of Arts & Knowledge ce ta ba da umarnin fim ɗin kuma Kuukua ta shirya kuma ta ba da umarni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Filmmaker Kuukua Eshun premieres 'Unveiling' in German Museum - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/filmmaker-kuukua-eshun-premieres-unveiling-in-german-museum/|access-date=2021-12-27|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Kuukua ta kuma ba da umarni ga ɗan gajeren fim ɗin Mawaƙin Najeriya Wizkid a cikin album ɗinsa na ''Made In Lagos'' mai suna ''Made In Lagos Deluxe Film'' wanda aka saki a watan Disamban Shekarar 2021. Ta shirya wannan ɗan gajeren fim tare da Wizkid.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Conteh|first=Mankaprr|date=2021-12-20|title=Wizkid Indulges in Beauty in 'Made in Lagos (Deluxe)' Short Film|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/wizkid-made-in-lagos-short-film-1274314/|access-date=2021-12-27|website=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-20|title=Wizkid Releases Brand-New Short Film For 'Made in Lagos'|url=https://grmdaily.com/wizkid-made-in-lagos-short-fulm/|access-date=2021-12-27|website=GRM Daily|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == * Ƙarshen Bikin Fina-Finai na Urbanworld don Nunin Ƙirƙirar Matasa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramos|first=Dino-Ray|date=2020-09-18|title=Urbanworld Film Festival Adds Spotlight Conversation On ‘All In: The Fight for Democracy’ And More Events To Bolster Civic Engagement|url=https://deadline.com/2020/09/urbanworld-film-festival-lineup-stacey-abrams-all-in-the-fight-for-democracy-1234579258/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] dh53xlmeyjnqs34vxm61ghbd11c55py 0 36438 888001 787554 2026-07-27T09:06:33Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar bas ta Ikeja''' na nan a [[Ikeja]] babban birnin [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]]. Tashar bas ɗin tana kan hanyar zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Lagos|filin jirgin sama]] bayan titin jirgin ƙasa na yanzu a cikin birni, da kuma kusa da asibitin koyarwa na jiha, ofishintura wasiku na Ikeja, duk a unguwar Computer Village.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Punchng|title=Punch report|url=http://punchng.com/photos-newly-built-ikeja-bus-terminal/}}</ref> Tashar na zaune a kan fili mai faɗin murabba'in mita dubu goma 10,000 mai dauke da tsarin sufuri na zamani (ITS),<ref>{{cite news|last1=Adekunle|title=Vanguard report|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/963211/}}</ref> cikakken tasha mai kwandishan, kotunan abinci, shaguna, gallery na ATM, WiFi kyauta, inuwa mai sarrafa lantarki da sauransu. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa, tashar Bus ta Ikeja tana da katafaren filin ajiye motoci don ajiye motoci da lodi, babbar hanyar tafiya ga fasinjoji, walƙiya a titi, dakunan hutawa, hasumiyar sarrafawa don lura da al'amura da kuma kore kore tare da isassun mafita.<ref>Punchng. "Punch report"</ref> [[Muhammadu Buhari|Shugaban kasa Muhammad Buhari]] [[Order of the Federal Republic|GCFR]] ne ya ƙaddamar da tashar bas din a ranar ishirin da tara 29 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha’takwas 2018. Manyan baki da dama da sun halarci taron wanda suka hada da gwamnan jihar [[Akinwunmi Ambode|Ambode]], tsohon gwamnan jihar [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] da dai sauransu. Tashar bas ta Ikeja na matsayin cibiyar duk ayyukan sufuri a yankin Ikeja wanda ke ba da adadin fasinjoji da yawa a kullun kuma yana ba da damar zuwa wurare da yawa kamar Oshodi, Ojota, Iyana-Ipaja, Maryland, Lekki, Ogba, CMS tsakanin mutane da yawa. sauran wurare. Gwamnatin jihar Legas ta kuduri aniyar samar da tsarin sufuri na babban birnin kasar tare da yawan jama'a kimanin miliyan ashirin domin ya kasance cikin tsari da tsari. == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> {{Lagos}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Tashohin bas a Najeriya]] [[Category:Jihar Legas]] ajdji6shz84nwy9y2eq57373chulltk 888003 888001 2026-07-27T09:06:55Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar bas ta Ikeja''' na nan a [[Ikeja]] babban birnin [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]]. Tashar bas ɗin tana kan hanyar zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Lagos|filin jirgin sama]] bayan titin jirgin ƙasa na yanzu a cikin birni, da kuma kusa da asibitin koyarwa na jiha, ofishintura wasiku na Ikeja, duk a unguwar Computer Village.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Punchng|title=Punch report|url=http://punchng.com/photos-newly-built-ikeja-bus-terminal/}}</ref> Tashar na zaune a kan fili mai faɗin murabba'in mita dubu goma 10,000 mai dauke da tsarin sufuri na zamani (ITS),<ref>{{cite news|last1=Adekunle|title=Vanguard report|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/963211/}}</ref> cikakken tasha mai kwandishan, kotunan abinci, shaguna, gallery na ATM, WiFi kyauta, inuwa mai sarrafa lantarki da sauransu. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa, tashar Bus ta Ikeja tana da katafaren filin ajiye motoci don ajiye motoci da lodi, babbar hanyar tafiya ga fasinjoji, walƙiya a titi, dakunan hutawa, hasumiyar sarrafawa don lura da al'amura da kuma kore kore tare da isassun mafita.<ref>Punchng. "Punch report"</ref> [[Muhammadu Buhari|Shugaban kasa Muhammad Buhari]] [[Order of the Federal Republic|GCFR]] ne ya ƙaddamar da tashar bas din a ranar ishirin da tara 29 ga watan Maris ɗin shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha’takwas 2018. Manyan baki da dama da sun halarci taron wanda suka haɗa da gwamnan jihar [[Akinwunmi Ambode|Ambode]], tsohon gwamnan jihar [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] da dai sauransu. Tashar bas ta Ikeja na matsayin cibiyar duk ayyukan sufuri a yankin Ikeja wanda ke ba da adadin fasinjoji da yawa a kullun kuma yana ba da damar zuwa wurare da yawa kamar Oshodi, Ojota, Iyana-Ipaja, Maryland, Lekki, Ogba, CMS tsakanin mutane da yawa. sauran wurare. Gwamnatin jihar Legas ta kuduri aniyar samar da tsarin sufuri na babban birnin ƙasar tare da yawan jama'a kimanin miliyan ashirin domin ya kasance cikin tsari da tsari. == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> {{Lagos}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Tashohin bas a Najeriya]] [[Category:Jihar Legas]] puw7u719g724nojkj7ekjz3e6bpk77s 0 36440 888012 787559 2026-07-27T09:10:55Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Crusaders School Bus, Chalmette, Louisiana.jpg|thumb|hotonotar makaranta]] '''Mafoluku Bus Terminal''' na nan a kusa da [[Filin jirgin saman Lagos|filin jirgin saman Murtala Muhammed dake]] Ikeja.Tashar Mafoluku tana ba da hanyar isa zuwa filin jirgin sama na Murtala Muhammed (MMIA) da titin shiga cikin gari daga filin jirgin[[,]] tashar kuma ƙofar ce wacce ke isa zuwa kewayen Mafoluku, Oshodi,da Estate Estate, ta samar da hanyar bas musamman zuwa Tashar bas taOshodi, [[Tashar Bas ta Ikeja|Tashar Bus ta Ikeja]], Mile 2 da sauran yankunan jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]].<ref>"Gov Sanwo-Olu inaugurates bus terminal in Mafoluku". ''Pulse Nigeria''. 27 May 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</ref> == Hada-hada == Gwamna [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] ya ce dukkan LAMATA da FAAN za su rika gudanar da ayyukan sufuri a ciki da wajen tashar Mafoluku. Yayin da LAMATA za ta yi jigilar fasinja zuwa Mile 2 da Oshodi, FAAN za ta gudanar da sufurin fasinja na cikin gida da na waje.<ref>"THE TRANSFORMATION OF LAGOS-AIRPORT ROAD". ''Lagos State Government''. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</ref> Tashar bas ta Mafoluku na ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin mota guda huɗu da gwamnatin jihar Legas ta samar a shekara ta 2017 da nufin samar da ingantattun ababen more rayuwa da za su taimaka wa shirin gyara motocin gwamnati. Ayyukan tashar bas an tsara su ne don samar da ingantattun ababen more rayuwa na sufuri na jama'a wanda ke da dadi kuma abin dogaro.<ref>"LAGOS BUS REFORM INITIATIVE NARRATIVE". ''Lagos State Government''. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</ref> == Gini == Hukumar kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ta Legas (LAMATA) tare da haɗin gwiwar hukumar kula da filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama na Najeriya (FAAN), masu kula da tashar ne suka gina tashar ta Mafoluku. An gina tashar motar ne a kan kasa mai fadin murabba'in mita 7,952, wanda FAAN ta samar. Ginin yana da kwalta mai ɗauke da manyan motoci guda 27 da ke sauka.<ref>"Sanwo-Olu Commissions New Oshodi Bus Terminal". ''THISDAYLIVE''. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021</ref> == Kayayyakin aiki == Tashar tana da kayan aiki, gami da tikitin wuraren zama, ɗakin sarrafawa, wurin cin abinci, jin daɗin jama'a, ofisoshin ma'aikatan wuraren kasuwanci, gidan ATM da sashen IT. Tashar ta kuma na da wurin gyaran bita inda za a kula da motocin bas, baya ga kayan wuta da na'urorin kiyaye ababen hawa.<ref>"Sanwo-Olu commissions new bus terminal at Mafoluku to improve intra-city transportation | Encomium Magazine". Retrieved 3 June 2021.</ref> == Kaddamarwa == Gwamnan [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]], [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu|Babajide Sanwo-Olu ne ya kaddamar da tashar bas ta Mafoluku]] a ranar 26 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2021, har wayau, Manajan Darakta na LAMATA, Mrs. Abimbola Akinajo da Manajan Darakta na FAAN, Captain Rabiu Yadudu, wanda Daraktar kudi, Mrs. Nike Aboderin.<ref>"Sanwo-Olu unveils MMA/Mafoluku bus terminal". ''The Sun Nigeria''. 28 May 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Lagos}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Gine-gine da wurare a Jihar Legas]] 8g73e3ewvmsxdzg7katkcefs1n13lgv 0 36441 888008 787557 2026-07-27T09:09:04Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888008 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Tashar Mota ta Oshodi''' tana a unguwar [[Oshodi-Isolo|Oshodi]] da ke Jihar Legas a Najeriya. Tashar motar dai tana tsakanin babban titin Legas zuwa Apapa da titin Agege. Tashar bas ta Oshodi ta kasu kashi uku da ake kira: Terminal 1, Terminal 2, da Terminal 3.<ref>"Unveiling multi-level Oshodi multi-terminals". ''The Nations Nigeria''. ADE etcYINKA ADERIBIGBE. 11 August 2020.</ref> == Gina == Wani kamfanin gine-gine mai suna Planet Projects Limited ne suka gina tashar bas ta Oshodi. An kuma kiyasta aikin gina tashar ya ci kimanin dala miliyan 70. An gina tashar ne don ɗaukar kimanin motocin bas ɗin jigilar jama'a 820.<ref>"Buhari inaugurates Oshodi transport interchange built to accommodate 820, mass transit buses". ''Vanguard Nigeria''. 24 April 2019.</ref> == Tashoshi da wurare == [[File:Busse_Lagos_BRT_vs_LBSL.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Busse_Lagos_BRT_vs_LBSL.jpg/220px-Busse_Lagos_BRT_vs_LBSL.jpg|alt=Public transportation in Lagos|left|thumb| Bas ɗin BRT (a sama) da bas ɗin LBSL (ƙasa)]] Tashar bas ta Oshodi ta kasu zuwa tashoshi uku da ake kira: Terminal 1, Terminal 2, da Terminal 3. Kowace rukuni ta ƙunshi murabba'in mita 30000 kuma ta haɗa da wurare da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da: wuraren saukar da kaya, wuraren siyan tikiti, wurin tuƙi, wuraren ajiye motoci, dakunan wanka da sauran su.<ref>"$70 million Oshodi interchange has been successful, say officials". ''The Guardian''. Adaku Onyenucheya. 8 June 2020.</ref> Tashar bas ta Oshodi ta fara aiki ne a watan Mayun 2019 kamar yadda ɗan kwangilar da ke kula da aikin ya sanar.<ref>"Oshodi transport interchange to start operation May 2 – Contractor". ''Vanguard Nigeria''. 23 April 2019.</ref> Terminal 1 na zirga-zirgar tsakanin jihohi ne, kuma an tsara shi ne don wuraren da ya shafi kudu maso yamma, kudu maso gabas, FCT, da jihohin Arewa.<ref>"Oshodi interchange: Lagos flags off inter-state commercial operation". ''The Nations Nigeria''. Adeyinka Aderibigbe. September 2020.</ref> Terminal na biyu don hanyoyin tsaka-tsaki ne. Ikeja, Agege, Iyana Ipaja, egbeda, Abule Egba da dai sauransu. Terminal 3 yana ɗaukan hanya kamar Mile 2/Festac, Airport road, Bariga/New Garage, Tincan, Orile, Apapa/Wharf, ejigbo, Ajegunle/Boundary, Ojodu/Berger, Gbagada/Anthony, Eko Ijumota, Iyana Isolo/Jakande Gate/ Itire, Ojota/Ketu/Mile 12, Adeniji, Eko Hotel.<ref>"Oshodi transport interchange". ''The Sun News''. 11 May 2019.</ref> == Ƙaddamarwa == [[File:Cowryterminal.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Cowryterminal.jpg/220px-Cowryterminal.jpg|left|thumb| Tashar tashar sufurin jama'a]] Shugaban ƙasa [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ne ya ƙaddamar da tashar bas ɗin ta Oshodi a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2019, tare da tsohon gwamnan jihar Legas, [[Akinwunmi Ambode]], Gwamna mai ci, [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu|Babajide Sanwoolu]], [[Abiola Ajimobi]], [[Ibikunle Amosun]] da sauransu.<ref>"Buhari commissions projects in Lagos". ''Premium Times''. Olamide Fadipe. 24 April 2019.</ref> == Abin lura == [[File:Chess-scene-at-Oshodi.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Chess-scene-at-Oshodi.jpg/220px-Chess-scene-at-Oshodi.jpg|alt=Young chess players at Oshodi, homeless children|thumb| Yanayin Chess a Oshodi]] Tare da titin jirgin ƙasa na Oshodi, matasa daga yankunan talakawa suna wasan dara. A watan Disambar 2021, Fawaz Adeoye mai shekaru 19 da haihuwa ya lashe gasar gundumar 'yan watanni bayan an fara gabatar da shi a wasan.<ref>"Meet Homeless 19-year-old Fawaz Adeoye Who Emerged Oshodi Chess in Slum Champion". ''[[YouTube]]''.</ref><ref>"He Transformed the Most Dangerous Place in Lagos, Nigeria". ''[[YouTube]]''.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Lagos}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Gine-gine da wurare a Jihar Legas]] nb0jcngmjkkq8q2tdbf0tssyaiyulg7 0 36566 888005 787555 2026-07-27T09:07:39Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tashar Bas ta Oyingbo na nan a kan titin Oyingbo, [[Lagos Mainland]], Lagos State,. An gina tashar ne a tsakiyar yankin Oyingbo kuma tana da iyaka da Yaba, Iddo da Ijora/Costain axis.<ref name=":0">"Sanwo-Olu Commissions New Oshodi Bus Terminal". ''THISDAYLIVE''. 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2021-06-02.</ref> Tashar bas ɗin ta Oyingbo ita ce 'yar uwar tashoshin Bas na [[Tashar Bas ta Oshodi|Oshodi]] da [[Tashar Bas ta Ikeja|Ikeja]]. Motocin bas ɗin suna da iya kwandishan kuma sun dace sosai. Tashar motar bas ɗin na nan a tsakiyar kasuwar Oyingbo mai cike da cunkoso. Sauƙin shiga tsibirin Legas da sauran yankunan Mainland na Legas ta hanyar Bus shine fa'idar wurin da wannan tashar motar bas take. == Gina == Gwamna [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] ne ya ƙaddamar da ginin tashar bas ɗin ta Oyingbo a shekara ta a shekarar 2017 a wani sashe na shirin sake fasalin gwamnatin jihar Legas, zai kasance tashar mota mafi girma a jihar da zata iya yiwa mazauna jihar miliyan huɗu hidima.<ref>"Only midi-buses were burnt in Oyingbo Bus Terminal - Official". ''Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics''. 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2021-06-02.</ref> A shekara ta 2017 ne gwamnatin jihar Legas ta fitar da samfarin tasha ta Oyingbo BRT ga jama’a, kamar yadda samfurin ya nuna, tashar za ta iya daukar akalla Motocin BRT guda 50-60.<ref>"LAGOS BUS REFORM INITIATIVE NARRATIVE". ''Lagos State Government''. Retrieved 2021-06-02.</ref> An ƙaro motoci masu tsaka-tsakin girma (mai daukan Fasinja 40) a tashar bas wanda Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Legas, LAMATA da Lagos Bus Services Limited, LBSL, a daidai lokacin da ake shirin sake motocin 14-18 yellow mini bas mai daukan fasinja 40 da fasinja 80 High Capacity Bass don rage yawan motocin bas da ke bin hanyoyin jihar, inganta muhallin jihar ta hanyar rage fitar da iskar Carbon, inganta lokacin tafiya da kuma kunna Private Public Partnership (PPP). Hakan zai kuma karfafawa mutane da yawa kwarin gwiwar barin motocinsu a gida su yi amfani da bas din ta yadda za a rage cunkoson ababen hawa. Motocin LBSL jerin manyan motocin bas ne da ke aiki a cikin babban birnin Legas. Kamfanin Bus Services Limited (LBSL) ne ke tafiyar da motocin bas din. Kamfanin Bus Services Limited (LBSL) kamfani ne da gwamnatin Akinwumi Ambode ta kafa. An haɗa kamfanin a kan 1 ga Agustan shekarar 2016 a matsayin kayan sufuri, ayyuka, da kamfanin sabis na ba da shawara.<ref>"Lagos and the development of integrated transport system". ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. 2021-05-05. Retrieved 2021-06-02.</ref> == Abubuwan da suka faru == A yayin zanga-zangar [[End SARS|# ENDSARS]] na shekarar 2020, 'yan zanga-zanga sun kona sabuwar tashar Oyingbo Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) a Legas, inda suka lalata daruruwan sabbin motocin BRT. An bayyana cewa, wasu dimbin sabbin motocin bas na BRT da har yanzu ba a tura su zuwa hanyoyin ba amma da aka ajiye a tashar jirgin ƙasa da ke bayan layin dogo a garin Oyingbo, gobarar ta cinye su.<ref>"Hoodlums raze Oyingbo terminus of Lagos BRT | Premium Times Nigeria". 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2021-06-02.</ref> == Gine-gine == Wuraren da aka sanya a Tashar sun haɗa da babbar cibiyar sufuri da kasuwanci sun haɗa da wurin amsar tikiti, wurin shakatawa, wurin cin abinci, wifi kyauta, dakunan wanka na zamani, da sauransu. == Kaddamarwa == A kwanakin baya ne gwamnatin jihar Legas karkashin gwamnatin Gwamna [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] ta sanar da cewa nan ba da jimawa ba za ta kaddamar da tashar BRT a garin Oyingbo domin amfanin mutanen gari.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Lagos}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Gine-gine da wurare a Jihar Legas]] [[Category:Jihar Lagos]] dx9pazamfss4a1ohu50pp8twyv7eaat 888006 888005 2026-07-27T09:08:00Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tashar Bas ta Oyingbo na nan a kan titin Oyingbo, [[Lagos Mainland]], Lagos State,. An gina tashar ne a tsakiyar yankin Oyingbo kuma tana da iyaka da Yaba, Iddo da Ijora/Costain axis.<ref name=":0">"Sanwo-Olu Commissions New Oshodi Bus Terminal". ''THISDAYLIVE''. 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2021-06-02.</ref> Tashar bas ɗin ta Oyingbo ita ce 'yar uwar tashoshin Bas na [[Tashar Bas ta Oshodi|Oshodi]] da [[Tashar Bas ta Ikeja|Ikeja]]. Motocin bas ɗin suna da iya kwandishan kuma sun dace sosai. Tashar motar bas ɗin na nan a tsakiyar kasuwar Oyingbo mai cike da cunkoso. Sauƙin shiga tsibirin Legas da sauran yankunan Mainland na Legas ta hanyar Bus shine fa'idar wurin da wannan tashar motar bas take. == Gina == Gwamna [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] ne ya ƙaddamar da ginin tashar bas ɗin ta Oyingbo a shekara ta a shekarar 2017 a wani sashe na shirin sake fasalin gwamnatin jihar Legas, zai kasance tashar mota mafi girma a jihar da zata iya yiwa mazauna jihar miliyan huɗu hidima.<ref>"Only midi-buses were burnt in Oyingbo Bus Terminal - Official". ''Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics''. 2020-10-26. Retrieved 2021-06-02.</ref> A shekara ta 2017 ne gwamnatin jihar Legas ta fitar da samfarin tasha ta Oyingbo BRT ga jama’a, kamar yadda samfurin ya nuna, tashar za ta iya daukar akalla Motocin BRT guda 50-60.<ref>"LAGOS BUS REFORM INITIATIVE NARRATIVE". ''Lagos State Government''. Retrieved 2021-06-02.</ref> An ƙaro motoci masu tsaka-tsakin girma (mai daukan Fasinja 40) a tashar bas wanda Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Legas, LAMATA da Lagos Bus Services Limited, LBSL, a daidai lokacin da ake shirin sake motocin 14-18 yellow mini bas mai daukan fasinja 40 da fasinja 80 High Capacity Bass don rage yawan motocin bas da ke bin hanyoyin jihar, inganta muhallin jihar ta hanyar rage fitar da iskar Carbon, inganta lokacin tafiya da kuma kunna Private Public Partnership (PPP). Hakan zai kuma karfafawa mutane da yawa kwarin gwiwar barin motocinsu a gida su yi amfani da bas din ta yadda za a rage cunkoson ababen hawa. Motocin LBSL jerin manyan motocin bas ne da ke aiki a cikin babban birnin Legas. Kamfanin Bus Services Limited (LBSL) ne ke tafiyar da motocin bas din. Kamfanin Bus Services Limited (LBSL) kamfani ne da gwamnatin Akinwumi Ambode ta kafa. An haɗa kamfanin a kan 1 ga Agustan shekarar 2016 a matsayin kayan sufuri, ayyuka, da kamfanin sabis na ba da shawara.<ref>"Lagos and the development of integrated transport system". ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. 2021-05-05. Retrieved 2021-06-02.</ref> == Abubuwan da suka faru == A yayin zanga-zangar [[End SARS|# ENDSARS]] na shekarar 2020, 'yan zanga-zanga sun kona sabuwar tashar Oyingbo Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) a Legas, inda suka lalata daruruwan sabbin motocin BRT. An bayyana cewa, wasu dimbin sabbin motocin bas na BRT da har yanzu ba a tura su zuwa hanyoyin ba amma da aka ajiye a tashar jirgin ƙasa da ke bayan layin dogo a garin Oyingbo, gobarar ta cinye su.<ref>"Hoodlums raze Oyingbo terminus of Lagos BRT | Premium Times Nigeria". 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2021-06-02.</ref> == Gine-gine == Wuraren da aka sanya a Tashar sun haɗa da babbar cibiyar sufuri da kasuwanci sun haɗa da wurin amsar tikiti, wurin shakatawa, wurin cin abinci, wifi kyauta, dakunan wanka na zamani, da sauransu. == Ƙaddamar wa == A kwanakin baya ne gwamnatin jihar Legas karkashin gwamnatin Gwamna [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] ta sanar da cewa nan ba da jimawa ba za ta kaddamar da tashar BRT a garin Oyingbo domin amfanin mutanen gari.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Lagos}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Gine-gine da wurare a Jihar Legas]] [[Category:Jihar Lagos]] pep5mi3mtvyr8ilejw8wqyg388iz7oh 0 36651 888013 787560 2026-07-27T09:11:29Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tashar Bas ta Tafawa Balewa Square''' wacce kuma aka fi sani da Tashar ta '''TBS''' dake tsakiyar [[Lagos Island]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], Kudu maso Yamma, [[Najeriya]] . Tashar bas tana kan titin Massey Bamgbose 45/57, Legas Island. Tashar bas ta '''TBS''' ta haɗa da filin [[Tafawa Balewa Square|Tafawa Balew da]] aka gina a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in da biyu 1972 domin murnar samun ƴancin kai a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin1960. A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2016, gwamnatin [[Akinwunmi Ambode|Akinwumi Ambode]], tsohon gwamnan jihar Legas, ta kammala shirye-shiryen sake farfado da tashar don "kara inganta aikin babban birni na jihar". An ƙaddamar da sabon tashar a cikin 2017. == Hanyoyi == * TBS - CMS * TBS - Ikeja, Barracks * TBS - Ajah, Hanyar Lekki * TBS - Oshodi * TBS - Berger * TBS - Leventis * TBS - Fadeyi * TBS - Ikorodu == Manazarta == <references /> {{Lagos}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Gine-gine da wurare a Jihar Legas]] in5sbkbfx4bcp8mi2cprqe0k1rjxj9s 0 39803 888009 787558 2026-07-27T09:09:38Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:A. van Dyck - Hermann Knackfuß, 1897, 3. Auflage (IA avandyck00knac 0).pdf|thumb|Bas van erp]] [[Fayil:Bestuursleden van de Stichting Skepsis.jpg|thumb|hotonshi a taro]] '''Bas van Erp'''<ref>In isolation, ''van'' is pronounced <span lang="nl-Latn-fonipa" class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[[Taimako:IPA/Dutch|[vɑn]]]</span>.</ref> (2 Yulin shekarar 1979 - 3 Afrilun shekara ta 2016) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Holland. Ya lashe lambobin tagulla biyu a gasar wasannin nakasassu ta shekarar 2004; ɗaya a cikin taron na quad singles dayan kuma a cikin taron sau biyu na quad. Bayan wasannin shekarar 2004 ya kusa daina buga wasan tennis na guragu, saboda ya kamu da rashin lafiya. Lokacin da ya murmure ya yanke shawarar sake zuwa gasar Paralympic sau ɗaya. Ya yi gasa a wasannin nakasassu na bazara na shekarar 2008, kamar yadda a cikin 2004 a cikin taron 'yan wasan quad singles da taron quad ninki biyu amma bai sami lambar yabo ba. [[Fayil:Bestuursleden van de Stichting Skepsis.jpg|thumb|Bas van Erp a cikin mutane ]] A rayuwar yau da kullum ya kasance mai karɓar baƙi da kuma akawu. Ya mutu a gidansa a Liempde yana da shekaru 36.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omroepbrabant.nl/?news/247060612/Rolstoeltennisser+Bas+van+Erp,+bronzen-medaillewinnaar+in+Athene,+overleden.aspx|title=Rolstoeltennisser Bas van Erp, bronzen-medaillewinnaar in Athene, overleden|work=Omroep Brabant}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bd.nl/sport/rolstoeltennisser-bas-van-erp-36-uit-liempde-overleden-1.5894466|title=Rolstoeltennisser Bas van Erp (36) uit Liempde overleden|work=Brabants Dagblad (web)}}</ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == ; 2004 : taron na huɗu na nakasassu na bazara na 2004 wasan na nakasassu na lokacin rani na 2004 : Taron 2nd Singles 2004 Masters Tennis (Amersfoort) :; 2008 :: Biyu na farko taron 2008 Camozzi Wheelchair Tennis Double Masters (Bergamo) (tare da Johan Andersson (SWE)) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1979]] g2l4b5q0uhjhh5arnfshogpvnjodepn 0 40102 887997 838550 2026-07-27T09:03:02Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jam'iyyar '''National Party of Nigeria''' ('''NPN''') ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983).<ref>https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nigerian-party-politics/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Fayil:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Tambarin Nigeria]] ===== Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN ===== Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar ta 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na wanan lokaci [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] da Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirye shiryen kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuraɗiyya]], ƙungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar a kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattaunwa game da tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, 1978, aka kafa jam’iyya ta National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta kunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062804/https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar [[Joseph Tarka]], tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma [[Remi Fani-Kayode]], tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203231723/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya shiyyar don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta fidda sabon shugabanta, Augustus Akinloye, dan [[Yarbawa|kabilar Yarbawa]] kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da kuma Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaben dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223060450/https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Zabe ===== Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarkarun manyan zabuka guda biyu, na 1979 da na 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattawa]] da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan [[Inyamurai|al'ummar Igbo]], jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.<ref>https://studyhq.net/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Moshood Abiola]], wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban kasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. [[Adamu Ciroma]], tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo [[Peoples Democratic Party|a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party]]. == Tarihin zabe == === Zaben shugaban kasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !'''Zabe''' ! Dan takarar jam'iyya ! Abokiyar gudu ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 1979 | rowspan="2" | [[Shehu Shagari]] | rowspan="2" | [[Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme|Alex Ekwueme]] | 5,668,857 | 33.77% | '''Zabe'''</img> |- | 1983 | 12,081,471 | 47.5% | '''Zabe'''</img> |} === Zaben majalisar wakilai da na dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |'''Zabe''' ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar wakilai]] ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] |- ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi |- | 1979 | 5,325,680 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|168|449|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 168 |</img> 1st | 4,032,329 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|36|95|pro}} |</img> 36 |</img> 1st |- | 1983 | | |{{Composition bar|306|450|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 138 |</img> 1st | | |{{Composition bar|60|96|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 24 |</img> 1st |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Jam'iyyun Siyasa]] cdca6uh3ekhln15jjxd6hqjawjijlva 887998 887997 2026-07-27T09:03:53Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jam'iyyar '''National Party of Nigeria''' ('''NPN''') ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983).<ref>https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nigerian-party-politics/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Fayil:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Tambarin Nigeria]] ===== Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN ===== Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar ta 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na wanan lokaci [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] da Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirye shiryen kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuraɗiyya]], ƙungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar a kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a shekarar 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattaunwa game da tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1978, aka kafa jam’iyya ta National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta kunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062804/https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar [[Joseph Tarka]], tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma [[Remi Fani-Kayode]], tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203231723/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya shiyyar don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta fidda sabon shugabanta, Augustus Akinloye, dan [[Yarbawa|kabilar Yarbawa]] kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da kuma Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaben dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223060450/https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Zabe ===== Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarkarun manyan zabuka guda biyu, na 1979 da na 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattawa]] da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan [[Inyamurai|al'ummar Igbo]], jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.<ref>https://studyhq.net/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Moshood Abiola]], wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban kasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. [[Adamu Ciroma]], tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo [[Peoples Democratic Party|a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party]]. == Tarihin zabe == === Zaben shugaban kasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !'''Zabe''' ! Dan takarar jam'iyya ! Abokiyar gudu ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 1979 | rowspan="2" | [[Shehu Shagari]] | rowspan="2" | [[Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme|Alex Ekwueme]] | 5,668,857 | 33.77% | '''Zabe'''</img> |- | 1983 | 12,081,471 | 47.5% | '''Zabe'''</img> |} === Zaben majalisar wakilai da na dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |'''Zabe''' ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar wakilai]] ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] |- ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi |- | 1979 | 5,325,680 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|168|449|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 168 |</img> 1st | 4,032,329 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|36|95|pro}} |</img> 36 |</img> 1st |- | 1983 | | |{{Composition bar|306|450|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 138 |</img> 1st | | |{{Composition bar|60|96|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 24 |</img> 1st |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Jam'iyyun Siyasa]] i0e8bh6b573yx2dthuyykq353l30u87 887999 887998 2026-07-27T09:04:53Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jam'iyyar '''National Party of Nigeria''' ('''NPN''') ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983).<ref>https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nigerian-party-politics/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Fayil:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Tambarin Nigeria]] ===== Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN ===== Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar ta 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na wanan lokaci [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] da Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirye shiryen kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuraɗiyya]], ƙungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar a kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a shekarar 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattaunwa game da tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1978, aka kafa jam’iyya ta National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta ƙunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062804/https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar [[Joseph Tarka]], tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma [[Remi Fani-Kayode]], tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203231723/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya shiyyar don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta fidda sabon shugabanta, Augustus Akinloye, dan [[Yarbawa|kabilar Yarbawa]] kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da kuma Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaɓen dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223060450/https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Zabe ===== Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarkarun manyan zabuka guda biyu, na 1979 da na 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattawa]] da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan [[Inyamurai|al'ummar Igbo]], jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.<ref>https://studyhq.net/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Moshood Abiola]], wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban kasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. [[Adamu Ciroma]], tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo [[Peoples Democratic Party|a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party]]. == Tarihin zabe == === Zaben shugaban kasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !'''Zabe''' ! Dan takarar jam'iyya ! Abokiyar gudu ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 1979 | rowspan="2" | [[Shehu Shagari]] | rowspan="2" | [[Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme|Alex Ekwueme]] | 5,668,857 | 33.77% | '''Zabe'''</img> |- | 1983 | 12,081,471 | 47.5% | '''Zabe'''</img> |} === Zaben majalisar wakilai da na dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |'''Zabe''' ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar wakilai]] ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] |- ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi |- | 1979 | 5,325,680 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|168|449|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 168 |</img> 1st | 4,032,329 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|36|95|pro}} |</img> 36 |</img> 1st |- | 1983 | | |{{Composition bar|306|450|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 138 |</img> 1st | | |{{Composition bar|60|96|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 24 |</img> 1st |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Jam'iyyun Siyasa]] de7imvaspmmo036v54dqhl7hmy9pffw 888000 887999 2026-07-27T09:05:51Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jam'iyyar '''National Party of Nigeria''' ('''NPN''') ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983).<ref>https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nigerian-party-politics/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Fayil:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Tambarin Nigeria]] ===== Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN ===== Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar ta 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na wanan lokaci [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] da Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirye shiryen kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuraɗiyya]], ƙungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar a kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a shekarar 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattaunwa game da tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1978, aka kafa jam’iyya ta National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta ƙunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062804/https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar [[Joseph Tarka]], tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma [[Remi Fani-Kayode]], tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203231723/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya shiyyar don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta fidda sabon shugabanta, Augustus Akinloye, dan [[Yarbawa|kabilar Yarbawa]] kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da kuma Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaɓen dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223060450/https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Zabe ===== Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarkarun manyan zabuka guda biyu, na 1979 da na 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattawa]] da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan [[Inyamurai|al'ummar Igbo]], jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.<ref>https://studyhq.net/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Moshood Abiola]], wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban ƙasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. [[Adamu Ciroma]], tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo [[Peoples Democratic Party|a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party]]. == Tarihin zaɓe == === Zaben shugaban kasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !'''ɓabe''' ! Dan takarar jam'iyya ! Abokiyar gudu ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 1979 | rowspan="2" | [[Shehu Shagari]] | rowspan="2" | [[Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme|Alex Ekwueme]] | 5,668,857 | 33.77% | '''Zabe'''</img> |- | 1983 | 12,081,471 | 47.5% | '''Zabe'''</img> |} === Zaben majalisar wakilai da na dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |'''Zabe''' ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar wakilai]] ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] |- ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi |- | 1979 | 5,325,680 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|168|449|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 168 |</img> 1st | 4,032,329 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|36|95|pro}} |</img> 36 |</img> 1st |- | 1983 | | |{{Composition bar|306|450|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 138 |</img> 1st | | |{{Composition bar|60|96|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 24 |</img> 1st |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Jam'iyyun Siyasa]] d5nkb5fu24xu63mxmhgt014nzu56tj1 888002 888000 2026-07-27T09:06:48Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jam'iyyar '''National Party of Nigeria''' ('''NPN''') ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983).<ref>https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nigerian-party-politics/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Fayil:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Tambarin Nigeria]] ===== Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN ===== Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar ta 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na wanan lokaci [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] da Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirye shiryen kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuraɗiyya]], ƙungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar a kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a shekarar 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattaunwa game da tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1978, aka kafa jam’iyya ta National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta ƙunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062804/https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar [[Joseph Tarka]], tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma [[Remi Fani-Kayode]], tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203231723/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya shiyyar don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta fidda sabon shugaban ta, Augustus Akinloye, dan [[Yarbawa|kabilar Yarbawa]] kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da kuma Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaɓen dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223060450/https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Zabe ===== Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarkarun manyan zabuka guda biyu, na shekara ta 1979 zuwa 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattawa]] da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan [[Inyamurai|al'ummar Igbo]], jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.<ref>https://studyhq.net/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Moshood Abiola]], wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban ƙasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. [[Adamu Ciroma]], tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo [[Peoples Democratic Party|a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party]]. == Tarihin zaɓe == === Zaben shugaban kasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !'''ɓabe''' ! Dan takarar jam'iyya ! Abokiyar gudu ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 1979 | rowspan="2" | [[Shehu Shagari]] | rowspan="2" | [[Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme|Alex Ekwueme]] | 5,668,857 | 33.77% | '''Zabe'''</img> |- | 1983 | 12,081,471 | 47.5% | '''Zabe'''</img> |} === Zaben majalisar wakilai da na dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |'''Zabe''' ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar wakilai]] ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] |- ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi |- | 1979 | 5,325,680 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|168|449|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 168 |</img> 1st | 4,032,329 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|36|95|pro}} |</img> 36 |</img> 1st |- | 1983 | | |{{Composition bar|306|450|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 138 |</img> 1st | | |{{Composition bar|60|96|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 24 |</img> 1st |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Jam'iyyun Siyasa]] jsdy2fmp75ek3m0zl7ru25jg78zzno9 888004 888002 2026-07-27T09:07:29Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jam'iyyar '''National Party of Nigeria''' ('''NPN''') ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983).<ref>https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nigerian-party-politics/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Fayil:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Tambarin Nigeria]] ===== Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN ===== Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar ta 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na wanan lokaci [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] da Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirye shiryen kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuraɗiyya]], ƙungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar a kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a shekarar 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattaunwa game da tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1978, aka kafa jam’iyya ta National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta ƙunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062804/https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar [[Joseph Tarka]], tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma [[Remi Fani-Kayode]], tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203231723/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya shiyyar don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta fidda sabon shugaban ta, Augustus Akinloye, dan [[Yarbawa|kabilar Yarbawa]] kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da kuma Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaɓen dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223060450/https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Zabe ===== Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarkarun manyan zabuka guda biyu, na shekara ta 1979 zuwa 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattawa]] da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan [[Inyamurai|al'ummar Igbo]], jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.<ref>https://studyhq.net/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Moshood Abiola]], wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban kasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban ƙasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. [[Adamu Ciroma]], tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo [[Peoples Democratic Party|a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party]]. == Tarihin zaɓe == === Zaben shugaban kasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !'''ɓabe''' ! Dan takarar jam'iyya ! Abokiyar gudu ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 1979 | rowspan="2" | [[Shehu Shagari]] | rowspan="2" | [[Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme|Alex Ekwueme]] | 5,668,857 | 33.77% | '''Zabe'''</img> |- | 1983 | 12,081,471 | 47.5% | '''Zaɓe'''</img> |} === Zaɓen majalisar wakilai da na dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |'''Zabe''' ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar wakilai]] ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] |- ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi |- | 1979 | 5,325,680 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|168|449|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 168 |</img> 1st | 4,032,329 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|36|95|pro}} |</img> 36 |</img> 1st |- | 1983 | | |{{Composition bar|306|450|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 138 |</img> 1st | | |{{Composition bar|60|96|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 24 |</img> 1st |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Jam'iyyun Siyasa]] mk0b316p3ely02fni84hptabrx7yqbd 888007 888004 2026-07-27T09:08:29Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jam'iyyar '''National Party of Nigeria''' ('''NPN''') ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu (1979-1983).<ref>https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nigerian-party-politics/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Fayil:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Tambarin Nigeria]] ===== Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN ===== Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar ta 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na wanan lokaci [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] da Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirye shiryen kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuraɗiyya]], ƙungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar a kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a shekarar 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattaunwa game da tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1978, aka kafa jam’iyya ta National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta ƙunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062804/https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar [[Joseph Tarka]], tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma [[Remi Fani-Kayode]], tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203231723/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya shiyyar don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta fidda sabon shugaban ta, Augustus Akinloye, dan [[Yarbawa|kabilar Yarbawa]] kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da kuma Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaɓen dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223060450/https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Zabe ===== Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarkarun manyan zabuka guda biyu, na shekara ta 1979 zuwa 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattawa]] da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan [[Inyamurai|al'ummar Igbo]], jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.<ref>https://studyhq.net/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Moshood Abiola]], wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban ƙasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. [[Adamu Ciroma]], tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo [[Peoples Democratic Party|a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party]]. == Tarihin zaɓe == === Zaben shugaban ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !'''ɓabe''' ! Dan takarar jam'iyya ! Abokiyar gudu ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 1979 | rowspan="2" | [[Shehu Shagari]] | rowspan="2" | [[Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme|Alex Ekwueme]] | 5,668,857 | 33.77% | '''Zabe'''</img> |- | 1983 | 12,081,471 | 47.5% | '''Zaɓe'''</img> |} === Zaɓen majalisar wakilai da na dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |'''Zabe''' ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar wakilai]] ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] |- ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi |- | 1979 | 5,325,680 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|168|449|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 168 |</img> 1st | 4,032,329 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|36|95|pro}} |</img> 36 |</img> 1st |- | 1983 | | |{{Composition bar|306|450|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 138 |</img> 1st | | |{{Composition bar|60|96|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 24 |</img> 1st |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Jam'iyyun Siyasa]] hrlzsrpas1fzx26d7npifmhrykicxmi 888010 888007 2026-07-27T09:09:57Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jam'iyyar '''National Party of Nigeria''' ('''NPN''') ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu A Shekara ta (1979 zuwa 1983).<ref>https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nigerian-party-politics/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Fayil:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Tambarin Nigeria]] ===== Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN ===== Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar ta 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na wanan lokaci [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] da Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirye shiryen kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuraɗiyya]], ƙungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar a kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a shekarar 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattaunwa game da tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1978, aka kafa jam’iyya ta National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta ƙunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062804/https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar [[Joseph Tarka]], tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma [[Remi Fani-Kayode]], tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203231723/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya shiyyar don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta fidda sabon shugaban ta, Augustus Akinloye, dan [[Yarbawa|kabilar Yarbawa]] kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da kuma Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaɓen dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223060450/https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Zabe ===== Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarkarun manyan zabuka guda biyu, na shekara ta 1979 zuwa 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattawa]] da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan [[Inyamurai|al'ummar Igbo]], jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.<ref>https://studyhq.net/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Moshood Abiola]], wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban ƙasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. [[Adamu Ciroma]], tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo [[Peoples Democratic Party|a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party]]. == Tarihin zaɓe == === Zaben shugaban ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !'''ɓabe''' ! Dan takarar jam'iyya ! Abokiyar gudu ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 1979 | rowspan="2" | [[Shehu Shagari]] | rowspan="2" | [[Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme|Alex Ekwueme]] | 5,668,857 | 33.77% | '''Zabe'''</img> |- | 1983 | 12,081,471 | 47.5% | '''Zaɓe'''</img> |} === Zaɓen majalisar wakilai da na dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |'''Zabe''' ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar wakilai]] ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] |- ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi |- | 1979 | 5,325,680 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|168|449|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 168 |</img> 1st | 4,032,329 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|36|95|pro}} |</img> 36 |</img> 1st |- | 1983 | | |{{Composition bar|306|450|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 138 |</img> 1st | | |{{Composition bar|60|96|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 24 |</img> 1st |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Jam'iyyun Siyasa]] ldis1nx3rn61761hpkmdnxvle9qhkcs 0 43069 887649 511118 2026-07-26T13:03:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Seychelles national football team - 2011 Indian Ocean Island Games.jpg|thumb|kungiya saychelles]] '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Seychelles''', wadda ake yi wa lakabi da ''Pirates'', tana wakiltar [[Seychelles]] a [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] na duniya kuma Hukumar kula da wasan Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Seychelles (SFF) ce ke tafiyar da ita. SFF ta kasance memba a Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Afirka (CAF) tun a shekarar 1986, kuma memba a [[FIFA]] tun a shekarar 1986.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Sport in The Seychelles|url=https://www.topendsports.com/world/countries/seychelles.htm|website=www.topendsports.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref> Filin wasan gida na ƙungiyar shi ne Stade Linité mai ɗaukar nauyi 10,000 da ke Roche Caiman a bayan [[Biktoriya|Victoria]], babban birnin Seychelles. <ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == An gabatar da ƙwallon ƙafa zuwa Seychelles a cikin shekarar 1930s. Gasar ta farko a hukumance, gasar ƙalubale, an shirya shi ne a cikin shekarar 1936 sannan, a cikin shekarar 1941, an kafa gasar tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyar da wasannin mintuna 60, an buga babu takalmi. <ref>{{cite web |title=History Of Seychelles Football & Federation |url=http://www.cerf-resort.com/seychellesfootball.html |website=Cerf Resort |access-date=2023-03-06 |archive-date=2016-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813214541/http://www.cerf-resort.com/seychellesfootball.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1969, shugaban hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Seychelles ya so ya kafa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa. An tsunduma cikin aikin sa kai, Adrian Fisher ya isa tsibirin a watan Satumba don sake tsara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Seychelles. Ya baiwa dukkan ‘yan wasan da takalma, ya tsara dabarun horas da ‘yan wasan na zamani da kuma tsawaita lokacin wasan zuwa mintuna 90. Sabbin tawagar kasar sun buga wasanninsu na farko a gasar sada zumunta da aka buga a Kenya a watan Afrilun shekarar 1970. A wasan farko da Seychelles ta buga a filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na gaske, sun tashi 2-2 da Feisal FC sannan suka yi rashin nasara 1-2 a hannun Mwengi a filin wasa na Mombasa Municipal . Lokacin da Fisher ya bar Seychelles a shekarar 1973, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni shida da kulake 4. Seychelles ta buga taronsu na farko da wani zaɓi, a ranar 13 ga watan Maris, shekarar 1974, da Réunion . A wannan wasan sada zumunci, "Pirates", sunan laƙabin ƙungiyar, sun sha kashi da ci 0-2. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a wannan lokacin a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta, Seychelles ta sake fuskantar Réunion, ta yi rashin nasara da ci 1-4. A watan Satumba na shekarar 1977, sun buga wata ƙungiya mai alaƙa da FIFA, Mauritius, yayin gasar da aka buga a Réunion, kuma sun sha kashi 1–2. Ƙungiyar ta ji daɗin nasararta ta farko a shekara mai zuwa ta hanyar yin nasara a gida da ci 1-0 da Réunion. [[File:Seychelles_v_Ethiopia_5_September_2015.jpg|right|thumb| Seychelles da Habasha a Stade Linité, 5 Satumba 2015]] A cikin shekarar 1979, Seychelles ta buga gasa ta farko, Wasannin Tekun Indiya na shekarar 1979 . Sun yi rashin nasara a wasansu na farko da ci 3-0 a hannun Réunion, kuma sun yi nasara a wasansu na biyu da ci 9-0 a Maldives . A wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, sun doke Mauritius da ci 4-2 a bugun fenariti (1-1 bayan mintuna 90). An fitar da Seychelles daga matakin rukuni a wasannin Tekun Indiya na shekarar 1985 amma, a ranar 31 ga Agusta, shekarar 1986, sun buga wasansu na farko na gasa da [[FIFA]] da CAF suka amince da su, sakamakon alaƙar su da ƙungiyoyin biyu, wasan neman cancantar da Mauritius na shekarar 1987 All- Wasannin Afirka, sun yi rashin nasara da ci 1-2. Sun halarci, a karon farko, a wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika a shekarar 1988 da Mauritius amma sun sha kashi da ci 1-3 a wasannin biyu. A wasannin tekun Indiya na shekarar 1990, tawagar ta sha kashi mafi muni a tarihinta da Madagascar a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, inda ta yi rashin nasara da ci 0-6. A wasan lambar tagulla, sun yi nasara a kan Comoros da ci 3-1. Ƙungiyar ta kasa maimaita wannan wasan a cikin wasanni masu zuwa, ta buga a gida, ta yi rashin nasara a dukkan wasanni huɗu da kammala ƙarshe a gasar. Bayan da aka cire daga matakin farko na gasar cin kofin Afrika ta shekarar 1996 ta Mauritius 2-1 a kan kafafu biyu, an ɗauki Vojo Gardašević don jagorantar tawagar. Bayan haka, ' ''yan fashin teku'' sun sake zama na uku a wasannin tekun Indiya na shekarar 1998, kuma bayan shekaru biyu, sun shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin duniya a karon farko. Wasan da Namibia ta yi sun tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a Stade Linité, godiya ga ƙwallo da Philip Zialor ya ci amma ta yi rashin nasara a wasa na biyu da ci 0-3. Ita ma Seychelles ta yi waje da ita a zagayen farko na gasar cin kofin Afrika ta 2000 da Zimbabwe ta yi 0-6 a wasanni biyu. Seychelles ta yi nasara a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika ta 2004 yayin da tawagar, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Dominique Bathenay sannan Michael Nees, ta zo ta uku kuma ta yi nasara a gida biyu masu daraja ta hanyar doke Eritrea 1-0 da Zimbabwe 2-1. Bayan sun samu lambar tagulla a gasar wasannin tekun Indiya ta shekarar 2003, sannan Zambiya ta yi waje da su a zagayen farko na gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar 2006 da Zambia da ci 1-5 a wasannin biyu. Babbar nasara da Seychelles ta samu ta zo ne da Zimbabwe a wasan share fage na gasar cin kofin Afrika ta shekarar 2004 . Ƙwallon da 'yan wasan gaba [[Alpha Baldé]] da Philip Zialor suka ci ne suka baiwa Seychelles nasara da ci 2-1 a Stade Linité da Zimbabwe wanda ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Peter Ndlovu]] ya jagoranta. Kocin Jamus Michael Nees ne ke jagorantar tawagar a lokacin. Ƙarƙashin ɗan ƙasar Faransa Dominique Bathenay, Seychelles kuma ta doke Eritrea da ci 1-0 a Stade Linité da ci daya mai ban haushi da tsohon soja [[Roddy Victor]] ya ci a wasannin share fage. A cikin shekarar 2011, Seychelles ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tsibirin Tekun Indiya na 2011 kuma ta lashe gasar a karon farko, inda ta doke Mauritius a wasan karshe a bugun fanareti.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FIFA.com|date=27 August 2020|title=Spectacular Seychelles' footballing passion|url=https://www.fifa.com/news/spectacular-seychelles-footballing-passion|access-date=2020-09-25|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=FIFA.com|date=1 September 2011|title=Seychelles making historic waves|url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/news/seychelles-making-historic-waves-1502486|access-date=2020-09-25|language=en-GB}}{{dead link|date=October 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Sauran wasannin na shekarar 2010 ba su samu nasara ba ga ''Pirates'' tare da babban maki a lokacin neman shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekarar 2017 inda suka yi nasarar doke Lesotho da ci 2-0 da kuma kunnen doki 1-1 da Habasha don zama na uku a rukunin kungiyoyin su hudu. == Shirin Goal na FIFA == A cikin shekarar 2006, an buɗe sabuwar cibiyar fasaha a Mahé, tare da taimakon shirin FIFA Goal. Aikin yana da jimillar farashi kusan dalar Amurka 750,000. James Michel, shugaban Seychelles, ya halarci bikin rantsar da shi. Cibiyar fasaha tana dauke da hedkwatar SFF, dakin taro, ɗakuna 20, ɗakunan tausa biyu, ɗakunan canji da gidan abinci. Cibiyar tana kusa da filayen turf wanda kuma shirin Goal ya girka a shekarar 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Seychelles Football Federation & history|url=http://www.cerf-resort.com/seychellesfootball.html|access-date=2020-09-25|website=www.cerf-resort.com|archive-date=2016-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813214541/http://www.cerf-resort.com/seychellesfootball.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 February 2006|title=Goal Project 2-Seychelles’ football house inaugurated|url=http://www.nation.sc/archive/212893/football-goal-project-2-seychelles-football-house-inaugurated|access-date=2020-09-25|website=[[Seychelles Nation]]}}</ref> : ''Kwallon kafa da kwallaye daidai kamar na 31 Yuli 2022, bayan wasan da Madagascar'' . {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="9" |Rikodin gasar cin kofin Afrika |- ! Shekara ! Zagaye ! Matsayi ! ! ! * ! ! ! |- |{{Flagicon|Sudan|1956}}</img> [[1957 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1957]] zuwa{{Flagicon|Ethiopia|1975}}</img> [[1976 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1976]] | colspan="8" | ''Bangaren{{Flag|United Kingdom}}''</img>''{{Flag|United Kingdom}}'' |- |{{Flagicon|Ghana}}</img> [[1978 gasar cin kofin Afrika|1978]] zuwa{{Flagicon|Egypt}}</img> [[1986 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1986]] | colspan="8" | ''Ba shi da alaƙa da CAF'' |- |{{Flagicon|Morocco}}</img> [[1988 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1988]] | colspan="8" | ''bai shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Algeria}}</img> [[1990 gasar cin kofin Afrika|1990]] | colspan="8" | ''bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Senegal}}</img> [[1992 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1992]] | colspan="8" | ''Janye'' |- |{{Flagicon|Tunisia}}</img> [[1994 gasar cin kofin Afrika|1994]] | colspan="8" | ''bai shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|South Africa}}</img> [[1996 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1996]] | colspan="8" | ''Janye'' |- |{{Flagicon|Burkina Faso}}</img> [[1998 gasar cin kofin Afrika|1998]] | colspan="8" | ''bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Ghana}}</img>{{Flagicon|Nigeria}}</img>[[Gasar Kofin Kasashen Afrika ta 2000|2000]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" | ''bai shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Mali}}</img> [[2002 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2002]] |- |{{Flagicon|Tunisia}}</img> [[2004 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2004]] ku{{Flagicon|Angola}}</img> [[2010 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2010]] | colspan="8" | ''bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Gabon}}</img>{{Flagicon|Equatorial Guinea}}</img>[[2012 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2012]] | colspan="8" | ''bai shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|South Africa}}</img> [[2013 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2013]] | colspan="8" | ''bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Equatorial Guinea}}</img> [[2015 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2015]] | colspan="8" | ''Janye'' |- |{{Flagicon|Gabon}}</img> [[2017 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2017]] ku{{Flagicon|Ivory Coast}}</img> [[2023 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|2023]] | colspan="8" | ''bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Guinea}}</img> [[Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka 2025|2025]] | colspan="8" | ''a tantance'' |- ! '''Jimlar''' ! - ! '''0/34''' ! '''-''' ! '''-''' ! '''-''' ! '''-''' ! '''-''' ! '''-''' |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="9" |Rikodin gasar cin kofin Afrika |- ! Shekara ! Zagaye ! Matsayi ! ! ! * ! ! ! |- |{{Flagicon|Sudan|1956}}</img> [[1957 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1957]] zuwa{{Flagicon|Ethiopia|1975}}</img> [[1976 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1976]] | colspan="8" | ''Bangaren{{Flag|United Kingdom}}''</img>''{{Flag|United Kingdom}}'' |- |{{Flagicon|Ghana}}</img> [[1978 gasar cin kofin Afrika|1978]] zuwa{{Flagicon|Egypt}}</img> [[1986 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1986]] | colspan="8" | ''Ba shi da alaƙa da CAF'' |- |{{Flagicon|Morocco}}</img> [[1988 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1988]] | colspan="8" | ''bai shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Algeria}}</img> [[1990 gasar cin kofin Afrika|1990]] | colspan="8" | ''bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Senegal}}</img> [[1992 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1992]] | colspan="8" | ''Janye'' |- |{{Flagicon|Tunisia}}</img> [[1994 gasar cin kofin Afrika|1994]] | colspan="8" | ''bai shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|South Africa}}</img> [[1996 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|1996]] | colspan="8" | ''Janye'' |- |{{Flagicon|Burkina Faso}}</img> [[1998 gasar cin kofin Afrika|1998]] | colspan="8" | ''bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Ghana}}</img>{{Flagicon|Nigeria}}</img>[[Gasar Kofin Kasashen Afrika ta 2000|2000]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" | ''bai shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Mali}}</img> [[2002 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2002]] |- |{{Flagicon|Tunisia}}</img> [[2004 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2004]] ku{{Flagicon|Angola}}</img> [[2010 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2010]] | colspan="8" | ''bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Gabon}}</img>{{Flagicon|Equatorial Guinea}}</img>[[2012 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2012]] | colspan="8" | ''bai shiga ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|South Africa}}</img> [[2013 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2013]] | colspan="8" | ''bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Equatorial Guinea}}</img> [[2015 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2015]] | colspan="8" | ''Janye'' |- |{{Flagicon|Gabon}}</img> [[2017 gasar cin kofin Afrika|2017]] ku{{Flagicon|Ivory Coast}}</img> [[2023 Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka|2023]] | colspan="8" | ''bai cancanta ba'' |- |{{Flagicon|Guinea}}</img> [[Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka 2025|2025]] | colspan="8" | ''a tantance'' |- ! '''Jimlar''' ! - ! '''0/34''' ! '''-''' ! '''-''' ! '''-''' ! '''-''' ! '''-''' ! '''-''' |} == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070615152046/http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=sey/index.html Seychelles] a FIFA.com * [https://www.cafonline.com/member-associations/sey/ Seychelles] a CAF.com * [https://seychellesweekly.com/October%206,%202015/Pictures/sport1_football_seychelles_team1.jpg Hoton kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Seychelles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602135909/https://seychellesweekly.com/October%206,%202015/Pictures/sport1_football_seychelles_team1.jpg |date=2023-06-02 }} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h7ut57wjb3104r4s7j6icov43gjkdb4 0 43244 887648 882684 2026-07-26T13:00:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Gambiya ta kasa da shekaru 20 ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa''' ce ta 'yan [[ƙasa]] da shekaru 20 ta Gambiya kuma hukumar kula da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta [[Gambiya]] ce ke kula da ita. Tana aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar matasa da ƙungiyar ciyarwar taƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Gambiya . Ana yi masu lakabin ''Matasan kunami'' . <ref>{{Cite web|last=Football|first=CAF-Confedération Africaine du|title=Gambia coach M'Boge hopes for one last dance for the Young Scorpions|url=https://www.cafonline.com/total-u20-africa-cup-of-nations/2021/news/gambia-coach-m-boge-hopes-for-one-last-dance-for-the-young-scorpions|access-date=2021-03-14|website=CAFOnline.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-26|title=Young Scorpions Mentally and Physically Preparing for WAFU, Says Marr|url=https://www.chronicle.gm/young-scorpions-mentally-and-physically-preparing-for-wafu-says-marr/|access-date=2021-03-14|website=The Chronicle Gambia|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228123718/https://www.chronicle.gm/young-scorpions-mentally-and-physically-preparing-for-wafu-says-marr/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Young Scorpions (U20) Archives - Page 7 of 25|url=https://gambiaff.org/category/scorpions/young-scorpions/|access-date=2021-03-14|website=THE GFF {{!}} Official Website|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203131453/https://gambiaff.org/category/scorpions/young-scorpions/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Football|first=CAF-Confedération Africaine du|title=Ghana v Gambia – Black Satellites to confirm, Young Scorpions for a surprise|url=https://www.cafonline.com/total-u20-africa-cup-of-nations/2021/news/ghana-v-gambia-black-satellites-to-confirm-young-scorpions-for-a-surprise|access-date=2021-03-14|website=CAFOnline.com|language=en}}</ref> == Filin wasa na gida. == Filin wasa na [[Independence Arch|Independence]] filin wasa ne mai amfani da yawa a Bakau, [[Gambiya]] . A halin yanzu ana amfani da shi galibi don wasannin [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]], ko da yake ana kuma amfani da shi wajen wasannin kaɗe-kaƙe, na siyasa, baje kolin kasuwanci da bukukuwan ƙasa. Filin wasan yana dauke da mutane 30,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gambia National Stadium|url=http://www.gambiafa.com/the-gfa/gambia-national-stadium.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923092048/http://gambiafa.com/the-gfa/gambia-national-stadium.html|archive-date=2013-09-23|access-date=2013-08-27}}</ref> == Girmamawa. == * '''Gasar Matasan Afirka :''' ** Masu lambar yabo ta '''Bronze (2):''' 2007, 2021. * '''WAFU Zone A Gasar U-20 :''' ** '''Masu nasara (2):''' 2018, 2020. ** '''Masu lambar yabo ta Bronze (1):''' 2019. == Duba kuma. == * Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Gambia. * Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Gambia. == Manazarta. == <references /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje. == * Gidan yanar gizon [https://gambiaff.org/ GFF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818022210/https://gambiaff.org/ |date=2024-08-18 }} na hukuma * [https://gambiaff.org/category/scorpions/junior-scorpions/ GFF- Matasan kunama] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308231721/https://gambiaff.org/category/scorpions/junior-scorpions/ |date=2023-03-08 }} 7jgfx2wfankwi1xwhmh6hwflkfo39ny 0 46635 887983 456836 2026-07-27T07:10:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Loïc Bessilé''' (an haife shi ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu 1999) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasa [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Belgium Eupen a matsayin aro daga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Charleroi. An haife shi a Faransa, yana wakiltar [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|tawagar kasar Togo]]. == Aikin kulob == A ranar 8 ga watan Yuli 2020, Bessilé ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrunsa na farko tare da Bordeaux.<ref>"Loic Bessile pens first Pro deal at Bordeaux" . 7 July 2020.</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2021, ya koma Charleroi a Belgium.<ref>"BIENVENUE, LOÏC !" (in French). Charleroi . 31 August 2021.</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Janairu 2023, Eupen ta aro Bessilé har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa.<ref>"KAS Eupen welcomes Loïc Bessilé on loan from Sporting Charleroi" . K.A.S. Eupen. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haifi Bessilé a Faransa mahaifinsa ɗan Kamaru da mahaifiyarsa 'yar Togo.<ref>Akoesso, Kelly (4 August 2020). "Loïc Bessile : La nouvelle convoitise de Claude Le Roy !" .</ref> Shi matashi ne na duniya da Faransa. Ya fara wasan sa na farko acikin [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|tawagar kasar Togo]] a wasan sada zumunci da suka tashi 1-1 da Sudan a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba 2020.<ref>"Journées FIFA : match nul entre le Togo et le Soudan" . 12 October 2020.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|loic-bessile/426521}} * [https://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/2543603959-loic-bessile FFF Prfile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017224844/https://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/2543603959-loic-bessile |date=2020-10-17 }} * [https://www.girondins.com/fr/player/28102/lo%C3%AFc-bessile Girondins Profile] * Loïc Bessilé at FootballDatabase.eu [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] dkq3cypx6bzbp46q251dcrmmkucymxr 0 48984 887925 861704 2026-07-26T23:36:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Car_Police_Renault.jpg|thumb| Motocin ‘yan sandan Benin sun yi fakin.]] '''Laifukan da ake aikatawa a [[Benin|kasar Benin]]''' sun yi yawa kuma musamman kan masu ziyara.<ref name=OSAC>{{cite web|title=Benin 2012 OSAC Crime and Safety Report|url=https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=12062|accessdate=31 October 2012|date=25 February 2012|archive-date=11 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311221931/https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=12062|url-status=dead}}''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''</ref> == Laifi ta nau'in == === Yin fashi === Laifukan kananan laifuka sun zama [[Ruwan ƙasa|ruwan]] dare a duk fadin kasar Benin. fashin titi babbar matsala ce a [[Cotonou]] . Fashi da mugging na faruwa ne tare da Boulevard de France (hanyar bakin teku ta Marina da Novotel Hotels) da kuma kan rairayin bakin teku masu kusa da otal-otal da baƙi na duniya ke zuwa. Galibin al'amuran da aka ruwaito sun hada da amfani da karfi, sau da yawa ta hanyar masu dauke da makamai, tare da wani dan karamin rauni ga wanda abin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.countryreports.org/travel/Benin/crimes.htm|title=Benin Crime. Safety and crime information for travel and tourism in Benin - CountryReports|website=www.countryreports.org|language=en|access-date=2018-06-06|archive-date=2015-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908065143/http://www.countryreports.org/travel/Benin/crimes.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ko da a cikin sa'o'in rana, 'yan kasashen waje da ke bakin tekun da ke kusa da Cotonou na yawan fama da fashi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}} Ana ci gaba da samun karuwar yawan fashi da sace -sacen motoci bayan duhu, a cikin babban birnin kasar Cotonou da kuma kan manyan tituna da kauyukan da ke wajen manyan biranen kasar. Tafiya ta kan kasa zuwa [[Najeriya]] na da hadari a kusa da kan iyakar Benin da Najeriya saboda [[Banditry|shingayen]] binciken ababen hawa da 'yan fashi da makami.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}} === Fataucin mutane === === Fataucin miyagun kwayoyi === Fataucin muggan kwayoyi a kasar Benin na karuwa, musamman saboda lallausan kan iyakoki da rashin tsoma bakin gwamnati na safarar miyagun kwayoyi. A yayin da kasashen da ke makwabtaka da juna ke kokarin yaki da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi, masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi na amfani da kasar Benin wajen safarar kwayoyi daga Kudancin Amurka zuwa Amurka da Turai. Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin Benin ya yi ƙasa sosai, tare da marijuana shine maganin zaɓi. Ana noman tabar wiwi a tsakiyar yankin Benin. === Zamba === Akwai babban adadin katin kiredit da na'ura mai sarrafa kansa (ATM) damfara, wanda akasari ke yiwa baki hari.<ref>[https://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1066.html "Benin"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704070446/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1066.html|date=July 4, 2008}}. [[U.S. Department of State]]. ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''</ref> === Cin hanci da rashawa === A shekarar 2011, kungiyar Transparency International ta zabi kasar Benin a matsayin kasa ta 100 a cikin kasashe 182 a kan cin hanci da rashawa. Makin Benin ya kasance 3 tare da 10 shine mafi kyawun maki.<ref name=TI>{{cite web|title=2011 Corruption Perceptions Index|url=https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=12062|publisher=Transparency International|accessdate=31 October 2012|archive-date=11 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311221931/https://www.osac.gov/Pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=12062|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Nassoshi == p2f9e2s3bssdwq95966do2kny0iki1n 0 49346 887991 852411 2026-07-27T08:37:04Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Badge of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.svg|thumb|Bajen Arewacin Nigeria]] Gwamnatin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] ta kasance abin koyi da tsarin ministan yammaci (West minster). [[Firimiya na Arewacin Najeriya|Firimiya]] yana aiki a matsayin shugaban gwamnati kuma yana jagorantar al'amuran yau da kullum na gwamnati, yayin da gwamna ke aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙasa kuma babban,kwamandan ofishin jakadancin Nijeria, <ref>"Northern Nigeria from Independence (1960) to 1979", Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, doi:10.1057/9781137122575.0009, ISBN 978-1-137-12257-5 </ref>. Majalisar da ake kira majalisar wakilai, ta ƙunshi zababbun wakilai daga Yankuna daban-daban na kasar, Majalisar dattawan da ake kira House of Chiefs, tana kama da na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]]. Ta ƙunshi sarakunan da ba zaɓaɓɓu ba na Majalisar Dokokin Ƙasa daban-daban na Yankunan ƙasar. <ref>Kayode, Femi-Fani (2013-12-08). "The Nerve of Lawal Kaita and the Shame of Junaid Mohammed, by Femi Fani-Kayode". premium times. Retrieved 2014-01-07. </ref>Kafin shekarar 1963, Sarauniyar Ingila ta kasance mai mulkin Arewacin Najeriya. ==Tarihin Siyasar Arewa== Bayan [[Yakin duniya biyu|yakin duniya na biyu]], siyasar Najeriya ta ɗauki sabon salo. A shekarar 1946 gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta [[Birtaniya]] ta gabatar da tsarin mulkin Richards wanda ya raba Najeriya zuwa yankuna uku – Arewa, Yamma da Gabas. An gabatar da wakilcin siyasar Nijeriya a matakin tarayya da na Yanki, kuma an ba da dama ga jam’iyyun siyasar Nijeriya. Jam’iyyar siyasa da ke da rinjaye a Arewacin Najeriya ita ce jam’iyyar People’s Congress (Northern People’s Congress), wadda jiga-jigan siyasar Musulunci a Arewa suka mamaye kuma ake kyautata zaton jam’iyyar Musulmi ce. Ga al'ummomin Kirista kamar Bachama's da sauran su, a ko'ina cikin Middle Belt an dauki Congress People's Congress a matsayin babban abokan gaba na siyasa, kuma an kafa jam'iyyun Kirista masu rinjaye a Middle Belt, musamman Middle Zone League da United Middle Belt Congress waɗanda aka tallafa. da mafi yawan Bachama. A wajen kiristocin arewacin Najeriya babban burin siyasar wannan lokacin shi ne gujewa mamayar musulmi da kuma bijirewa abin da suke gani a matsayin mulkin daular Ingila da ta daɗe tana yi da [[Fulani]] musulmi a arewacin Najeriya. == Gado kafin mulkin mallaka == Tsarin gwamnatocin Arewacin Najeriya ya dunƙule ne cikin tsarin tafiyar da mulkin daular Sakkwato, a shekarar 1903, gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya, Lord Lugard, ya ba da tabbacin tsarin tafiyar da yankin a lokacin da ya yanke shawarari kiyaye tsarin masarautu na halifanci; Daga baya aka gyara masarautun a hankali a hankali zuwa larduna, wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da masarautu da yawa. == Arewacin Najeriya == Saɓanin kishin ƙasa na Nijeriya, Arewacin Nijeriya bai taɓa fuskantar wani yanayi na kishin ƙasa ba wanda ya saba kafin samun ‘yancin kai na yawancin kasashen Afirka, Arewacin Nijeriya a daya bangaren kuma ya karkata ne ga yadda ake ganin rinjaye da tasirin Kudancin Najeriya[8]. A cikin shekarun 1940 wakilan Arewacin Najeriya sun zabi tabbatar da tsarin tarayyar Najeriya sannan suka kada kuri'ar kin yancin kai. A shekarar 1952 wani ƙin ’yancin kai da Arewa ta yi ya haifar da kai hari a kan Tawagar Arewa zuwa taron Legas; Labarin hare-haren ya haifar da tarzomar Kano a 1953 da kuma shahararriyar jawabin "kuskure na 1914" da Sardauna ya gabatar. A cikin shekarun 1970 tsarin fafutuka na Arewacin Najeriya sannu a hankali ya haifar da bullar kungiyoyin masu ruwa da tsaki a arewa, duk da haka waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun yi matuƙar kaduwa sakamakon nasarar da Shehu 'Yar'adua Peoples Democratic Movement ya yi a 1993. Tun daga 1999, Arewacin Najeriya ya ci gaba da shan wahala. koma bayan zabe. == Tsarin mulki da na siyasa == === '''Masarautu''' === Sarakunan Arewacin Najeriya ne ke shugabantar masarautun kasar da dama; A hankali adadinsu ya karu tun bayan kafa masarautu masu daraja a jamhuriyar Najeriya ta uku da ta huɗu. Duk da cewa tsarin mulki na suna tun daga jamhuriya ta farko, sun ci gaba da kasancewa tushen iko da tasiri a duk Arewacin Najeriya.[9] A shekarar 2014, zaben Sanusi Lamido Sanusi a matsayin Sarkin Kano ya haifar da cece-ku-ce na kwanaki hudu da ake zargin shugaban ne ya haddasa shi, wanda ya ji tsoron tasirin da Sunusi zai samu daga ofishin. === Kananan hukumomi da na jahohi === Siyasar kananan hukumomi a Arewacin Najeriya na fama da ƙungiyoyi masu ra'ayin rikau tun bayan faduwar gwamnatin Arewa ta tsakiya. Ƙungiyoyin kleptocracies masu tsari a cikin tsarin ƙungiyoyin siyasa na iyali yawanci suna mulkin tushen ciyawa na Arewacin Najeriya. Wasu dai na hasashen cewa tasirin al'adun Kudancin Najeriya zai iya haifar da matsalar cin hanci da rashawa da ta addabi siyasar Arewacin Najeriya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} # '''^''' "Northern Nigeria from Independence (1960) to 1979", ''Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, # "Building New Bridges of Relationships in Postcolonial Northern Nigeria and the Evolution of a New Northern Nigeria", ''Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, # Bello, Ahmadu. "Sarduana of Sokoto. His take on Igbo People and why there is no such thing as "One Nigeria"". ''youtube.com''. youtube.com. Retrieved 2014-01-07. # <code><nowiki>{{cite book}}</nowiki></code>: <code>|last=</code> has generic name (help) rfj4hmdrc4nt215qdxtlz0g74ia6mlx 887992 887991 2026-07-27T08:37:53Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Badge of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.svg|thumb|Bajen Arewacin Nigeria]] Gwamnatin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] ta kasance abin koyi da tsarin ministan yammaci (West minster). [[Firimiya na Arewacin Najeriya|Firimiya]] yana aiki a matsayin shugaban gwamnati kuma yana jagorantar al'amuran yau da kullum na gwamnati, yayin da gwamna ke aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙasa kuma babban,kwamandan ofishin jakadancin Nijeria, <ref>"Northern Nigeria from Independence (1960) to 1979", Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, doi:10.1057/9781137122575.0009, ISBN 978-1-137-12257-5 </ref>. Majalisar da ake kira majalisar wakilai, ta ƙunshi zababbun wakilai daga Yankuna daban-daban na kasar, Majalisar dattawan da ake kira House of Chiefs, tana kama da na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]]. Ta ƙunshi sarakunan da ba zaɓaɓɓu ba na Majalisar Dokokin Ƙasa daban-daban na Yankunan ƙasar. <ref>Kayode, Femi-Fani (2013-12-08). "The Nerve of Lawal Kaita and the Shame of Junaid Mohammed, by Femi Fani-Kayode". premium times. Retrieved 2014-01-07. </ref>Kafin shekarar 1963, Sarauniyar Ingila ta kasance mai mulkin Arewacin Najeriya. ==Tarihin Siyasar Arewa== Bayan [[Yakin duniya biyu|yakin duniya na biyu]], siyasar Najeriya ta ɗauki sabon salo. A shekarar 1946 gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta [[Birtaniya]] ta gabatar da tsarin mulkin Richards wanda ya raba Najeriya zuwa yankuna uku – Arewa, Yamma da Gabas. An gabatar da wakilcin siyasar Nijeriya a matakin tarayya da na Yanki, kuma an ba da dama ga jam’iyyun siyasar Nijeriya. Jam’iyyar siyasa da ke da rinjaye a Arewacin Najeriya ita ce jam’iyyar People’s Congress (Northern People’s Congress), wadda jiga-jigan siyasar Musulunci a Arewa suka mamaye kuma ake kyautata zaton jam’iyyar Musulmi ce. Ga al'ummomin Kirista kamar Bachama's da sauran su, a ko'ina cikin Middle Belt an dauki Congress People's Congress a matsayin babban abokan gaba na siyasa, kuma an kafa jam'iyyun Kirista masu rinjaye a Middle Belt, musamman Middle Zone League da United Middle Belt Congress waɗanda aka tallafa. da mafi yawan Bachama. A wajen kiristocin arewacin Najeriya babban burin siyasar wannan lokacin shi ne gujewa mamayar musulmi da kuma bijirewa abin da suke gani a matsayin mulkin daular Ingila da ta daɗe tana yi da [[Fulani]] musulmi a arewacin Najeriya. == Gado kafin mulkin mallaka == Tsarin gwamnatocin Arewacin Najeriya ya dunƙule ne cikin tsarin tafiyar da mulkin daular Sakkwato, a shekarar 1903, gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya, Lord Lugard, ya ba da tabbacin tsarin tafiyar da yankin a lokacin da ya yanke shawarari kiyaye tsarin masarautu na halifanci; Daga baya aka gyara masarautun a hankali a hankali zuwa larduna, wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da masarautu da yawa. == Arewacin Najeriya == Saɓanin kishin ƙasa na Nijeriya, Arewacin Nijeriya bai taɓa fuskantar wani yanayi na kishin ƙasa ba wanda ya saba kafin samun ‘yancin kai na yawancin kasashen Afirka, Arewacin Nijeriya a daya bangaren kuma ya karkata ne ga yadda ake ganin rinjaye da tasirin Kudancin Najeriya[8]. A cikin shekarun 1940 wakilan Arewacin Najeriya sun zabi tabbatar da tsarin tarayyar Najeriya sannan suka kada kuri'ar kin yancin kai. A shekarar 1952 wani ƙin ’yancin kai da Arewa ta yi ya haifar da kai hari a kan Tawagar Arewa zuwa taron Legas; Labarin hare-haren ya haifar da tarzomar Kano a 1953 da kuma shahararriyar jawabin "kuskure na shekarar 1914" da Sardauna ya gabatar. A cikin shekarun 1970 tsarin fafutuka na Arewacin Najeriya sannu a hankali ya haifar da bullar kungiyoyin masu ruwa da tsaki a arewa, duk da haka waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun yi matuƙar kaduwa sakamakon nasarar da Shehu 'Yar'adua Peoples Democratic Movement ya yi a 1993. Tun daga 1999, Arewacin Najeriya ya ci gaba da shan wahala. koma bayan zabe. == Tsarin mulki da na siyasa == === '''Masarautu''' === Sarakunan Arewacin Najeriya ne ke shugabantar masarautun kasar da dama; A hankali adadinsu ya karu tun bayan kafa masarautu masu daraja a jamhuriyar Najeriya ta uku da ta huɗu. Duk da cewa tsarin mulki na suna tun daga jamhuriya ta farko, sun ci gaba da kasancewa tushen iko da tasiri a duk Arewacin Najeriya.[9] A shekarar 2014, zaben Sanusi Lamido Sanusi a matsayin Sarkin Kano ya haifar da cece-ku-ce na kwanaki hudu da ake zargin shugaban ne ya haddasa shi, wanda ya ji tsoron tasirin da Sunusi zai samu daga ofishin. === Kananan hukumomi da na jahohi === Siyasar kananan hukumomi a Arewacin Najeriya na fama da ƙungiyoyi masu ra'ayin rikau tun bayan faduwar gwamnatin Arewa ta tsakiya. Ƙungiyoyin kleptocracies masu tsari a cikin tsarin ƙungiyoyin siyasa na iyali yawanci suna mulkin tushen ciyawa na Arewacin Najeriya. Wasu dai na hasashen cewa tasirin al'adun Kudancin Najeriya zai iya haifar da matsalar cin hanci da rashawa da ta addabi siyasar Arewacin Najeriya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} # '''^''' "Northern Nigeria from Independence (1960) to 1979", ''Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, # "Building New Bridges of Relationships in Postcolonial Northern Nigeria and the Evolution of a New Northern Nigeria", ''Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, # Bello, Ahmadu. "Sarduana of Sokoto. His take on Igbo People and why there is no such thing as "One Nigeria"". ''youtube.com''. youtube.com. Retrieved 2014-01-07. # <code><nowiki>{{cite book}}</nowiki></code>: <code>|last=</code> has generic name (help) st2nqzl7kg41ben0wxt11szszksyh0h 887993 887992 2026-07-27T08:38:24Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Badge of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.svg|thumb|Bajen Arewacin Nigeria]] Gwamnatin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] ta kasance abin koyi da tsarin ministan yammaci (West minster). [[Firimiya na Arewacin Najeriya|Firimiya]] yana aiki a matsayin shugaban gwamnati kuma yana jagorantar al'amuran yau da kullum na gwamnati, yayin da gwamna ke aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙasa kuma babban,kwamandan ofishin jakadancin Nijeria, <ref>"Northern Nigeria from Independence (1960) to 1979", Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, doi:10.1057/9781137122575.0009, ISBN 978-1-137-12257-5 </ref>. Majalisar da ake kira majalisar wakilai, ta ƙunshi zababbun wakilai daga Yankuna daban-daban na kasar, Majalisar dattawan da ake kira House of Chiefs, tana kama da na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]]. Ta ƙunshi sarakunan da ba zaɓaɓɓu ba na Majalisar Dokokin Ƙasa daban-daban na Yankunan ƙasar. <ref>Kayode, Femi-Fani (2013-12-08). "The Nerve of Lawal Kaita and the Shame of Junaid Mohammed, by Femi Fani-Kayode". premium times. Retrieved 2014-01-07. </ref>Kafin shekarar 1963, Sarauniyar Ingila ta kasance mai mulkin Arewacin Najeriya. ==Tarihin Siyasar Arewa== Bayan [[Yakin duniya biyu|yakin duniya na biyu]], siyasar Najeriya ta ɗauki sabon salo. A shekarar 1946 gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta [[Birtaniya]] ta gabatar da tsarin mulkin Richards wanda ya raba Najeriya zuwa yankuna uku – Arewa, Yamma da Gabas. An gabatar da wakilcin siyasar Nijeriya a matakin tarayya da na Yanki, kuma an ba da dama ga jam’iyyun siyasar Nijeriya. Jam’iyyar siyasa da ke da rinjaye a Arewacin Najeriya ita ce jam’iyyar People’s Congress (Northern People’s Congress), wadda jiga-jigan siyasar Musulunci a Arewa suka mamaye kuma ake kyautata zaton jam’iyyar Musulmi ce. Ga al'ummomin Kirista kamar Bachama's da sauran su, a ko'ina cikin Middle Belt an dauki Congress People's Congress a matsayin babban abokan gaba na siyasa, kuma an kafa jam'iyyun Kirista masu rinjaye a Middle Belt, musamman Middle Zone League da United Middle Belt Congress waɗanda aka tallafa. da mafi yawan Bachama. A wajen kiristocin arewacin Najeriya babban burin siyasar wannan lokacin shi ne gujewa mamayar musulmi da kuma bijirewa abin da suke gani a matsayin mulkin daular Ingila da ta daɗe tana yi da [[Fulani]] musulmi a arewacin Najeriya. == Gado kafin mulkin mallaka == Tsarin gwamnatocin Arewacin Najeriya ya dunƙule ne cikin tsarin tafiyar da mulkin daular Sakkwato, a shekarar 1903, gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya, Lord Lugard, ya ba da tabbacin tsarin tafiyar da yankin a lokacin da ya yanke shawarari kiyaye tsarin masarautu na halifanci; Daga baya aka gyara masarautun a hankali a hankali zuwa larduna, wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da masarautu da yawa. == Arewacin Najeriya == Saɓanin kishin ƙasa na Nijeriya, Arewacin Nijeriya bai taɓa fuskantar wani yanayi na kishin ƙasa ba wanda ya saba kafin samun ‘yancin kai na yawancin kasashen Afirka, Arewacin Nijeriya a daya bangaren kuma ya karkata ne ga yadda ake ganin rinjaye da tasirin Kudancin Najeriya[8]. A cikin shekarun 1940 wakilan Arewacin Najeriya sun zabi tabbatar da tsarin tarayyar Najeriya sannan suka kaɗa ƙuri'ar kin yancin kai. A shekarar 1952 wani ƙin ’yancin kai da Arewa ta yi ya haifar da kai hari a kan Tawagar Arewa zuwa taron Legas; Labarin hare-haren ya haifar da tarzomar Kano a 1953 da kuma shahararriyar jawabin "kuskure na shekarar 1914" da Sardauna ya gabatar. A cikin shekarun 1970 tsarin fafutuka na Arewacin Najeriya sannu a hankali ya haifar da bullar kungiyoyin masu ruwa da tsaki a arewa, duk da haka waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun yi matuƙar kaduwa sakamakon nasarar da Shehu 'Yar'adua Peoples Democratic Movement ya yi a 1993. Tun daga 1999, Arewacin Najeriya ya ci gaba da shan wahala. koma bayan zabe. == Tsarin mulki da na siyasa == === '''Masarautu''' === Sarakunan Arewacin Najeriya ne ke shugabantar masarautun kasar da dama; A hankali adadinsu ya karu tun bayan kafa masarautu masu daraja a jamhuriyar Najeriya ta uku da ta huɗu. Duk da cewa tsarin mulki na suna tun daga jamhuriya ta farko, sun ci gaba da kasancewa tushen iko da tasiri a duk Arewacin Najeriya.[9] A shekarar 2014, zaben Sanusi Lamido Sanusi a matsayin Sarkin Kano ya haifar da cece-ku-ce na kwanaki hudu da ake zargin shugaban ne ya haddasa shi, wanda ya ji tsoron tasirin da Sunusi zai samu daga ofishin. === Kananan hukumomi da na jahohi === Siyasar kananan hukumomi a Arewacin Najeriya na fama da ƙungiyoyi masu ra'ayin rikau tun bayan faduwar gwamnatin Arewa ta tsakiya. Ƙungiyoyin kleptocracies masu tsari a cikin tsarin ƙungiyoyin siyasa na iyali yawanci suna mulkin tushen ciyawa na Arewacin Najeriya. Wasu dai na hasashen cewa tasirin al'adun Kudancin Najeriya zai iya haifar da matsalar cin hanci da rashawa da ta addabi siyasar Arewacin Najeriya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} # '''^''' "Northern Nigeria from Independence (1960) to 1979", ''Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, # "Building New Bridges of Relationships in Postcolonial Northern Nigeria and the Evolution of a New Northern Nigeria", ''Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, # Bello, Ahmadu. "Sarduana of Sokoto. His take on Igbo People and why there is no such thing as "One Nigeria"". ''youtube.com''. youtube.com. Retrieved 2014-01-07. # <code><nowiki>{{cite book}}</nowiki></code>: <code>|last=</code> has generic name (help) 08474la81r87e7xgz21llylfym8qxe2 887994 887993 2026-07-27T08:39:46Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Badge of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.svg|thumb|Bajen Arewacin Nigeria]] Gwamnatin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] ta kasance abin koyi da tsarin ministan yammaci (West minster). [[Firimiya na Arewacin Najeriya|Firimiya]] yana aiki a matsayin shugaban gwamnati kuma yana jagorantar al'amuran yau da kullum na gwamnati, yayin da gwamna ke aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙasa kuma babban,kwamandan ofishin jakadancin Nijeria, <ref>"Northern Nigeria from Independence (1960) to 1979", Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, doi:10.1057/9781137122575.0009, ISBN 978-1-137-12257-5 </ref>. Majalisar da ake kira majalisar wakilai, ta ƙunshi zababbun wakilai daga Yankuna daban-daban na kasar, Majalisar dattawan da ake kira House of Chiefs, tana kama da na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]]. Ta ƙunshi sarakunan da ba zaɓaɓɓu ba na Majalisar Dokokin Ƙasa daban-daban na Yankunan ƙasar. <ref>Kayode, Femi-Fani (2013-12-08). "The Nerve of Lawal Kaita and the Shame of Junaid Mohammed, by Femi Fani-Kayode". premium times. Retrieved 2014-01-07. </ref>Kafin shekarar 1963, Sarauniyar Ingila ta kasance mai mulkin Arewacin Najeriya. ==Tarihin Siyasar Arewa== Bayan [[Yakin duniya biyu|yakin duniya na biyu]], siyasar Najeriya ta ɗauki sabon salo. A shekarar 1946 gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta [[Birtaniya]] ta gabatar da tsarin mulkin Richards wanda ya raba Najeriya zuwa yankuna uku – Arewa, Yamma da Gabas. An gabatar da wakilcin siyasar Nijeriya a matakin tarayya da na Yanki, kuma an ba da dama ga jam’iyyun siyasar Nijeriya. Jam’iyyar siyasa da ke da rinjaye a Arewacin Najeriya ita ce jam’iyyar People’s Congress (Northern People’s Congress), wadda jiga-jigan siyasar Musulunci a Arewa suka mamaye kuma ake kyautata zaton jam’iyyar Musulmi ce. Ga al'ummomin Kirista kamar Bachama's da sauran su, a ko'ina cikin Middle Belt an dauki Congress People's Congress a matsayin babban abokan gaba na siyasa, kuma an kafa jam'iyyun Kirista masu rinjaye a Middle Belt, musamman Middle Zone League da United Middle Belt Congress waɗanda aka tallafa. da mafi yawan Bachama. A wajen kiristocin arewacin Najeriya babban burin siyasar wannan lokacin shi ne gujewa mamayar musulmi da kuma bijirewa abin da suke gani a matsayin mulkin daular Ingila da ta daɗe tana yi da [[Fulani]] musulmi a arewacin Najeriya. == Gado kafin mulkin mallaka == Tsarin gwamnatocin Arewacin Najeriya ya dunƙule ne cikin tsarin tafiyar da mulkin daular Sakkwato, a shekarar 1903, gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya, Lord Lugard, ya ba da tabbacin tsarin tafiyar da yankin a lokacin da ya yanke shawarari kiyaye tsarin masarautu na halifanci; Daga baya aka gyara masarautun a hankali a hankali zuwa larduna, wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da masarautu da yawa. == Arewacin Najeriya == Saɓanin kishin ƙasa na Nijeriya, Arewacin Nijeriya bai taɓa fuskantar wani yanayi na kishin ƙasa ba wanda ya saba kafin samun ‘yancin kai na yawancin kasashen Afirka, Arewacin Nijeriya a daya bangaren kuma ya karkata ne ga yadda ake ganin rinjaye da tasirin Kudancin Najeriya[8]. A cikin shekarun 1940 wakilan Arewacin Najeriya sun zabi tabbatar da tsarin tarayyar Najeriya sannan suka kaɗa ƙuri'ar kin yancin kai. A shekarar 1952 wani ƙin ’yancin kai da Arewa ta yi ya haifar da kai hari a kan Tawagar Arewa zuwa taron Legas; Labarin hare-haren ya haifar da tarzomar Kano a 1953 da kuma shahararriyar jawabin "kuskure na shekarar 1914" da Sardauna ya gabatar. A cikin shekarun 1970 tsarin fafutuka na Arewacin Najeriya sannu a hankali ya haifar da bullar kungiyoyin masu ruwa da tsaki a arewa, duk da haka waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun yi matuƙar kaduwa sakamakon nasarar da Shehu 'Yar'adua Peoples Democratic Movement ya yi a 1993. Tun daga 1999, Arewacin Najeriya ya ci gaba da shan wahala. koma bayan zabe. == Tsarin mulki da na siyasa == === '''Masarautu''' === Sarakunan Arewacin Najeriya ne ke shugabantar masarautun ƙasar da dama; A hankali adadinsu ya karu tun bayan kafa masarautu masu daraja a jamhuriyar Najeriya ta uku da ta huɗu. Duk da cewa tsarin mulki na suna tun daga jamhuriya ta farko, sun ci gaba da kasancewa tushen iko da tasiri a duk Arewacin Najeriya.[9] A shekarar 2014, zaben Sanusi Lamido Sanusi a matsayin Sarkin Kano ya haifar da cece-ku-ce na kwanaki hudu da ake zargin shugaban ne ya haddasa shi, wanda ya ji tsoron tasirin da Sunusi zai samu daga ofishin. === ƙananan hukumomi da na jahohi === Siyasar kananan hukumomi a Arewacin Najeriya na fama da ƙungiyoyi masu ra'ayin rikau tun bayan faduwar gwamnatin Arewa ta tsakiya. Ƙungiyoyin kleptocracies masu tsari a cikin tsarin ƙungiyoyin siyasa na iyali yawanci suna mulkin tushen ciyawa na Arewacin Najeriya. Wasu dai na hasashen cewa tasirin al'adun Kudancin Najeriya zai iya haifar da matsalar cin hanci da rashawa da ta addabi siyasar Arewacin Najeriya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} # '''^''' "Northern Nigeria from Independence (1960) to 1979", ''Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, # "Building New Bridges of Relationships in Postcolonial Northern Nigeria and the Evolution of a New Northern Nigeria", ''Muslim-Christian Dialogue in Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, # Bello, Ahmadu. "Sarduana of Sokoto. His take on Igbo People and why there is no such thing as "One Nigeria"". ''youtube.com''. youtube.com. Retrieved 2014-01-07. # <code><nowiki>{{cite book}}</nowiki></code>: <code>|last=</code> has generic name (help) m62dc8njwe558ynf453mrlwg3p7bn6b 0 54078 887743 873716 2026-07-26T14:56:05Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341987228|Chika Anadu]]" 887743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 41n78pm3pvrxpd4gvamtxtmwcbw9xis 887744 887743 2026-07-26T14:56:18Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341987228|Chika Anadu]]" 887744 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwar farko == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mfesnebfcnc6xhnhsk23tvo99se23xw 887746 887744 2026-07-26T14:56:48Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341987228|Chika Anadu]]" 887746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamban 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]], wacce ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. A lokacin da take can, ta yi digirinta na 'A', ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Afirka: Dan Adam da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da ita a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a tsawon rayuwarta ta farko, amma sai a shekarar 2006 ne ta yi tunanin zama darakta a matsayin aiki na gaske ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekarar 2006 don kammala shirinta [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|na hidimar matasa na kasa]] (NYSC), wani shiri na aikin gwamnati na dole ga 'yan Najeriya masu digiri na jami'a. A lokacin zamanta, ta kalli fim ɗin Italiya ''mai suna Cinema Paradiso'' (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darakta ta burge ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9idkunj4psu6xovou9yg3rhlsecxu41 887747 887746 2026-07-26T14:57:02Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341987228|Chika Anadu]]" 887747 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamban 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]], wacce ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. A lokacin da take can, ta yi digirinta na 'A', ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Afirka: Dan Adam da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da ita a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a tsawon rayuwarta ta farko, amma sai a shekarar 2006 ne ta yi tunanin zama darakta a matsayin aiki na gaske ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekarar 2006 don kammala shirinta [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|na hidimar matasa na kasa]] (NYSC), wani shiri na aikin gwamnati na dole ga 'yan Najeriya masu digiri na jami'a. A lokacin zamanta, ta kalli fim ɗin Italiya ''mai suna Cinema Paradiso'' (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darakta ta burge ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a fannin shirya fina-finai da talabijin. Ba tare da gamsuwa da gogewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da ɗaukar gajerun fina-finanta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim ɗinta na farko, ''Epilogue'' (2009), a bikin fina-finan baƙi na San Diego na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin Gajerun Kusurwar Fina-finai ta Bikin Fina-finai na Cannes a shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fabrhbjox4o3qbuec7zkl6txwrjneum 887749 887747 2026-07-26T14:57:14Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341987228|Chika Anadu]]" 887749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamban 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]], wacce ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. A lokacin da take can, ta yi digirinta na 'A', ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Afirka: Dan Adam da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da ita a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a tsawon rayuwarta ta farko, amma sai a shekarar 2006 ne ta yi tunanin zama darakta a matsayin aiki na gaske ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekarar 2006 don kammala shirinta [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|na hidimar matasa na kasa]] (NYSC), wani shiri na aikin gwamnati na dole ga 'yan Najeriya masu digiri na jami'a. A lokacin zamanta, ta kalli fim ɗin Italiya ''mai suna Cinema Paradiso'' (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darakta ta burge ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> == Sana'a == Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a fannin shirya fina-finai da talabijin. Ba tare da gamsuwa da gogewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da ɗaukar gajerun fina-finanta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim ɗinta na farko, ''Epilogue'' (2009), a bikin fina-finan baƙi na San Diego na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin Gajerun Kusurwar Fina-finai ta Bikin Fina-finai na Cannes a shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5iiv7opxdu00yxtejbx5cbm7hnh8bdw 887750 887749 2026-07-26T14:57:25Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341987228|Chika Anadu]]" 887750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamban 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]], wacce ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. A lokacin da take can, ta yi digirinta na 'A', ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Afirka: Dan Adam da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da ita a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a tsawon rayuwarta ta farko, amma sai a shekarar 2006 ne ta yi tunanin zama darakta a matsayin aiki na gaske ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekarar 2006 don kammala shirinta [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|na hidimar matasa na kasa]] (NYSC), wani shiri na aikin gwamnati na dole ga 'yan Najeriya masu digiri na jami'a. A lokacin zamanta, ta kalli fim ɗin Italiya ''mai suna Cinema Paradiso'' (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darakta ta burge ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> == Sana'a == Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a fannin shirya fina-finai da talabijin. Ba tare da gamsuwa da gogewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da ɗaukar gajerun fina-finanta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim ɗinta na farko, ''Epilogue'' (2009), a bikin fina-finan baƙi na San Diego na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin Gajerun Kusurwar Fina-finai ta Bikin Fina-finai na Cannes a shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karon farko, inda ta gabatar da bita na tsawon wata guda kan daraktoci, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da kuma aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi ta shiga cikin taron rubuta rubutun allo maimakon ba da umarni, duk da sanin cewa tana son zama darakta. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ta nemi shiga Shirin Zama na Cannes Cinéfondation da ke Paris. Tsarin wasan kwaikwayo mai shafuka 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwarta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim ɗinta na farko mai tsayi, ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin guraben shida sannan ya ƙaura zuwa Paris don shiga gasar. Ta rubuta shirin fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013) a lokacin zamanta na makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 875y3f5agqaayq3m7r5621ea8j2h8c2 887751 887750 2026-07-26T14:57:38Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341987228|Chika Anadu]]" 887751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamban 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]], wacce ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. A lokacin da take can, ta yi digirinta na 'A', ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Afirka: Dan Adam da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da ita a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a tsawon rayuwarta ta farko, amma sai a shekarar 2006 ne ta yi tunanin zama darakta a matsayin aiki na gaske ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekarar 2006 don kammala shirinta [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|na hidimar matasa na kasa]] (NYSC), wani shiri na aikin gwamnati na dole ga 'yan Najeriya masu digiri na jami'a. A lokacin zamanta, ta kalli fim ɗin Italiya ''mai suna Cinema Paradiso'' (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darakta ta burge ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> == Sana'a == Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a fannin shirya fina-finai da talabijin. Ba tare da gamsuwa da gogewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da ɗaukar gajerun fina-finanta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim ɗinta na farko, ''Epilogue'' (2009), a bikin fina-finan baƙi na San Diego na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin Gajerun Kusurwar Fina-finai ta Bikin Fina-finai na Cannes a shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karon farko, inda ta gabatar da bita na tsawon wata guda kan daraktoci, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da kuma aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi ta shiga cikin taron rubuta rubutun allo maimakon ba da umarni, duk da sanin cewa tana son zama darakta. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ta nemi shiga Shirin Zama na Cannes Cinéfondation da ke Paris. Tsarin wasan kwaikwayo mai shafuka 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwarta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim ɗinta na farko mai tsayi, ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin guraben shida sannan ya ƙaura zuwa Paris don shiga gasar. Ta rubuta shirin fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013) a lokacin zamanta na makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta shirya fim ɗin tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kansa No Blondes Production. An ɗauki fim ɗin cikin kwana 17, inda Anadu ya yi aiki a matsayin darakta, marubuci, furodusa, daraktan 'yan wasa, mai leƙen asiri a wurin aiki, akawu, da kuma lauya. An ɗauki nauyin fim ɗin gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kuɗin iyali, iyalan Anadu sun ba da gudummawar kashi 70% na kuɗin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai shirya fim Arie Esiri iyalansa suka ba da gudummawar sauran kashi 30%. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin ''B for Boy'' (2013) a bikin nuna fina-finai na BFI London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a bikin AFI inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta dala $5,000. An gudanar da bikin farko na fim ɗin a Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias">Vourlias, Christopher. [https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ "Durban Festival: 'Boy' Helmer's Path to Screen Full of Curves"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s1ffbkkk89nt9c3s8jhplvmtjqqn6fb 887752 887751 2026-07-26T14:57:51Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341987228|Chika Anadu]]" 887752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamban 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]], wacce ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. A lokacin da take can, ta yi digirinta na 'A', ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Afirka: Dan Adam da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da ita a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a tsawon rayuwarta ta farko, amma sai a shekarar 2006 ne ta yi tunanin zama darakta a matsayin aiki na gaske ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekarar 2006 don kammala shirinta [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|na hidimar matasa na kasa]] (NYSC), wani shiri na aikin gwamnati na dole ga 'yan Najeriya masu digiri na jami'a. A lokacin zamanta, ta kalli fim ɗin Italiya ''mai suna Cinema Paradiso'' (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darakta ta burge ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> == Sana'a == Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a fannin shirya fina-finai da talabijin. Ba tare da gamsuwa da gogewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da ɗaukar gajerun fina-finanta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim ɗinta na farko, ''Epilogue'' (2009), a bikin fina-finan baƙi na San Diego na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin Gajerun Kusurwar Fina-finai ta Bikin Fina-finai na Cannes a shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karon farko, inda ta gabatar da bita na tsawon wata guda kan daraktoci, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da kuma aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi ta shiga cikin taron rubuta rubutun allo maimakon ba da umarni, duk da sanin cewa tana son zama darakta. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ta nemi shiga Shirin Zama na Cannes Cinéfondation da ke Paris. Tsarin wasan kwaikwayo mai shafuka 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwarta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim ɗinta na farko mai tsayi, ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin guraben shida sannan ya ƙaura zuwa Paris don shiga gasar. Ta rubuta shirin fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013) a lokacin zamanta na makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta shirya fim ɗin tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kansa No Blondes Production. An ɗauki fim ɗin cikin kwana 17, inda Anadu ya yi aiki a matsayin darakta, marubuci, furodusa, daraktan 'yan wasa, mai leƙen asiri a wurin aiki, akawu, da kuma lauya. An ɗauki nauyin fim ɗin gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kuɗin iyali, iyalan Anadu sun ba da gudummawar kashi 70% na kuɗin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai shirya fim Arie Esiri iyalansa suka ba da gudummawar sauran kashi 30%. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin ''B for Boy'' (2013) a bikin nuna fina-finai na BFI London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a bikin AFI inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta dala $5,000. An gudanar da bikin farko na fim ɗin a Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias">Vourlias, Christopher. [https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ "Durban Festival: 'Boy' Helmer's Path to Screen Full of Curves"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Fim ɗin fim == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n1y3uyb4ly9h4dfg4z0iv91wua2y3p2 887753 887752 2026-07-26T14:58:05Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341987228|Chika Anadu]]" 887753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamban 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]], wacce ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. A lokacin da take can, ta yi digirinta na 'A', ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Afirka: Dan Adam da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da ita a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a tsawon rayuwarta ta farko, amma sai a shekarar 2006 ne ta yi tunanin zama darakta a matsayin aiki na gaske ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekarar 2006 don kammala shirinta [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|na hidimar matasa na kasa]] (NYSC), wani shiri na aikin gwamnati na dole ga 'yan Najeriya masu digiri na jami'a. A lokacin zamanta, ta kalli fim ɗin Italiya ''mai suna Cinema Paradiso'' (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darakta ta burge ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> == Sana'a == Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a fannin shirya fina-finai da talabijin. Ba tare da gamsuwa da gogewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da ɗaukar gajerun fina-finanta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim ɗinta na farko, ''Epilogue'' (2009), a bikin fina-finan baƙi na San Diego na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin Gajerun Kusurwar Fina-finai ta Bikin Fina-finai na Cannes a shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karon farko, inda ta gabatar da bita na tsawon wata guda kan daraktoci, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da kuma aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi ta shiga cikin taron rubuta rubutun allo maimakon ba da umarni, duk da sanin cewa tana son zama darakta. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ta nemi shiga Shirin Zama na Cannes Cinéfondation da ke Paris. Tsarin wasan kwaikwayo mai shafuka 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwarta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim ɗinta na farko mai tsayi, ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin guraben shida sannan ya ƙaura zuwa Paris don shiga gasar. Ta rubuta shirin fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013) a lokacin zamanta na makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta shirya fim ɗin tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kansa No Blondes Production. An ɗauki fim ɗin cikin kwana 17, inda Anadu ya yi aiki a matsayin darakta, marubuci, furodusa, daraktan 'yan wasa, mai leƙen asiri a wurin aiki, akawu, da kuma lauya. An ɗauki nauyin fim ɗin gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kuɗin iyali, iyalan Anadu sun ba da gudummawar kashi 70% na kuɗin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai shirya fim Arie Esiri iyalansa suka ba da gudummawar sauran kashi 30%. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin ''B for Boy'' (2013) a bikin nuna fina-finai na BFI London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a bikin AFI inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta dala $5,000. An gudanar da bikin farko na fim ɗin a Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias">Vourlias, Christopher. [https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ "Durban Festival: 'Boy' Helmer's Path to Screen Full of Curves"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Fim ɗin fim == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Fim |- | 2009 | ''Gabatarwa ta ƙarshe'' |- | 2010 | ''Ava'' |- | 2012 | ''Abin Da Ya Shafi Aure'' |- | 2013 | ''[[B for Boy|B ga Yaro]]'' |- | 2015 | ''Komawa Gida'' |- | 2020 | ''Haskaka Idanunka'' |- | 2023 | Ba na zuwa gare ku ta hanyar kwatsam ba |} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rmcsqo94t5ugfhjzn1vmfixu1a5b9tg 887754 887753 2026-07-26T14:58:38Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 887754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamban 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]], wacce ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. A lokacin da take can, ta yi digirinta na 'A', ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Afirka: Dan Adam da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da ita a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a tsawon rayuwarta ta farko, amma sai a shekarar 2006 ne ta yi tunanin zama darakta a matsayin aiki na gaske ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekarar 2006 don kammala shirinta [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|na hidimar matasa na kasa]] (NYSC), wani shiri na aikin gwamnati na dole ga 'yan Najeriya masu digiri na jami'a. A lokacin zamanta, ta kalli fim ɗin Italiya ''mai suna Cinema Paradiso'' (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darakta ta burge ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> == Sana'a == Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a fannin shirya fina-finai da talabijin. Ba tare da gamsuwa da gogewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da ɗaukar gajerun fina-finanta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim ɗinta na farko, ''Epilogue'' (2009), a bikin fina-finan baƙi na San Diego na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin Gajerun Kusurwar Fina-finai ta Bikin Fina-finai na Cannes a shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karon farko, inda ta gabatar da bita na tsawon wata guda kan daraktoci, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da kuma aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi ta shiga cikin taron rubuta rubutun allo maimakon ba da umarni, duk da sanin cewa tana son zama darakta. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ta nemi shiga Shirin Zama na Cannes Cinéfondation da ke Paris. Tsarin wasan kwaikwayo mai shafuka 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwarta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim ɗinta na farko mai tsayi, ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin guraben shida sannan ya ƙaura zuwa Paris don shiga gasar. Ta rubuta shirin fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013) a lokacin zamanta na makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta shirya fim ɗin tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kansa No Blondes Production. An ɗauki fim ɗin cikin kwana 17, inda Anadu ya yi aiki a matsayin darakta, marubuci, furodusa, daraktan 'yan wasa, mai leƙen asiri a wurin aiki, akawu, da kuma lauya. An ɗauki nauyin fim ɗin gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kuɗin iyali, iyalan Anadu sun ba da gudummawar kashi 70% na kuɗin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai shirya fim Arie Esiri iyalansa suka ba da gudummawar sauran kashi 30%. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin ''B for Boy'' (2013) a bikin nuna fina-finai na BFI London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a bikin AFI inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta dala $5,000. An gudanar da bikin farko na fim ɗin a Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias">Vourlias, Christopher. [https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ "Durban Festival: 'Boy' Helmer's Path to Screen Full of Curves"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Fim ɗin fim == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Fim |- | 2009 | ''Gabatarwa ta ƙarshe'' |- | 2010 | ''Ava'' |- | 2012 | ''Abin Da Ya Shafi Aure'' |- | 2013 | ''[[B for Boy|B ga Yaro]]'' |- | 2015 | ''Komawa Gida'' |- | 2020 | ''Haskaka Idanunka'' |- | 2023 | Ba na zuwa gare ku ta hanyar kwatsam ba |} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s87nqah369i56ulx1c9e63ii5ki92s8 887755 887754 2026-07-26T14:59:00Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 887755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chika Anadu''' Listen ⓘ fitacciyar mai shirya fina-finan Najeriya ce da aka fi sani da fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta shirya gajerun fina-finai da dama. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> Fina-finan Anadu sun shahara wajen magance matsalolin wariyar jinsi da matsin lamba kan al'adu da suka shafi al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamban 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]], wacce ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]] . Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. A lokacin da take can, ta yi digirinta na 'A', ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Nazarin Afirka: Dan Adam da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da ita a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a tsawon rayuwarta ta farko, amma sai a shekarar 2006 ne ta yi tunanin zama darakta a matsayin aiki na gaske ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekarar 2006 don kammala shirinta [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|na hidimar matasa na kasa]] (NYSC), wani shiri na aikin gwamnati na dole ga 'yan Najeriya masu digiri na jami'a. A lokacin zamanta, ta kalli fim ɗin Italiya ''mai suna Cinema Paradiso'' (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darakta ta burge ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> == Sana'a == Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekarar 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a fannin shirya fina-finai da talabijin. Ba tare da gamsuwa da gogewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da ɗaukar gajerun fina-finanta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba na 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim ɗinta na farko, ''Epilogue'' (2009), a bikin fina-finan baƙi na San Diego na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin Gajerun Kusurwar Fina-finai ta Bikin Fina-finai na Cannes a shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karon farko, inda ta gabatar da bita na tsawon wata guda kan daraktoci, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da kuma aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi ta shiga cikin taron rubuta rubutun allo maimakon ba da umarni, duk da sanin cewa tana son zama darakta. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ta nemi shiga Shirin Zama na Cannes Cinéfondation da ke Paris. Tsarin wasan kwaikwayo mai shafuka 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwarta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim ɗinta na farko mai tsayi, ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin guraben shida sannan ya ƙaura zuwa Paris don shiga gasar. Ta rubuta shirin fim ɗin ''[[B for Boy]]'' (2013) a lokacin zamanta na makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta shirya fim ɗin tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kansa No Blondes Production. An ɗauki fim ɗin cikin kwana 17, inda Anadu ya yi aiki a matsayin darakta, marubuci, furodusa, daraktan 'yan wasa, mai leƙen asiri a wurin aiki, akawu, da kuma lauya. An ɗauki nauyin fim ɗin gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kuɗin iyali, iyalan Anadu sun ba da gudummawar kashi 70% na kuɗin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai shirya fim Arie Esiri iyalansa suka ba da gudummawar sauran kashi 30%. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin ''B for Boy'' (2013) a bikin nuna fina-finai na BFI London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a bikin AFI inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta dala $5,000. An gudanar da bikin farko na fim ɗin a Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVourlias">Vourlias, Christopher. [https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ "Durban Festival: 'Boy' Helmer's Path to Screen Full of Curves"]. ''Variety''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Fim ɗin fim == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Fim |- | 2009 | ''Gabatarwa ta ƙarshe'' |- | 2010 | ''Ava'' |- | 2012 | ''Abin Da Ya Shafi Aure'' |- | 2013 | ''[[B for Boy|B ga Yaro]]'' |- | 2015 | ''Komawa Gida'' |- | 2020 | ''Haskaka Idanunka'' |- | 2023 | Ba na zuwa gare ku ta hanyar kwatsam ba |} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta 4m1ddss7c8g0x32xu9l7bgqfv1jcggm 0 57791 887963 887537 2026-07-27T05:07:42Z Mahuta 11340 887963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Flag of the Republic of Benin (1967).svg|right|thumb|250x250px|[[File:FIAV_111111.svg|23x23px]]</img>[[File:IFIS_Historical.svg|23x23px]]</img> Tutar "Jamhuriyar Benin". Girman tuta: 2:3]] [[File:Flag_of_Biafra.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|[[File:FIAV_111111.svg|23x23px]]</img>[[File:IFIS_Historical.svg|23x23px]]</img> Tutar kasar Jamhuriyar Biafra. Girman tuta: 4:7]]{{Databox}} Tutar [[Jamhuriyar Benin (1967)|jamhuriyar Benin]] a [[Najeriya|Najeriyar]] ta kunshi launuka masu launin baki,da kore,tare da bakar fata da ke daukar kashi biyu bisa uku na tutar.Wannan ya samo asali ne daga tutar [[Biyafara|jamhuriyar Biafra]] da ta rushe a yanzu.Babban abin da ya bambanta shi ne,tutar Biafra tana da launin ja,baƙar fata,da kore.Kamar yadda yake a tutar Biafra, an caje ta a tsakiya da fitowar rana ta zinare amma ba ta da sandar zinari a kasa. == Duba kuma == * Tutar Biafra * Tutar Masarautar Benin * {{Stub}}{{Hujja}} aic0dfnt8rtor0scrxqqdsruv315y5j 887964 887963 2026-07-27T05:09:02Z Mahuta 11340 887964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Tutar [[Jamhuriyar Benin (1967)|jamhuriyar Benin]] a [[Najeriya|Najeriyar]] ta kunshi launuka masu launin baki,da kore,tare da bakar fata da ke daukar kashi biyu bisa uku na tutar.Wannan ya samo asali ne daga tutar [[Biyafara|jamhuriyar Biafra]] da ta rushe a yanzu.Babban abin da ya bambanta shi ne,tutar Biafra tana da launin ja,baƙar fata,da kore.Kamar yadda yake a tutar Biafra, an caje ta a tsakiya da fitowar rana ta zinare amma ba ta da sandar zinari a kasa. == Duba kuma == * Tutar Biafra * Tutar Masarautar Benin * {{Stub}}{{Hujja}} fy40ic9v07kwu4wdjcdyn1k98p8hxh3 0 61674 887846 885522 2026-07-26T17:39:27Z Kaddi123 38060 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357310716|Teco Benson]]" 887846 wikitext text/x-wiki 📢 Har yanzu kana wahalar neman aiki, damar NGO, tallafi (Grant) ko gurbin karatu (Scholarship)? Ka daina bata lokaci kana ta bincike ba tare da tsari ba. Ga wasu daga cikin shafukan yanar gizo mafi aminci da ake samun: ✅ Ayyukan yi (Jobs) ✅ Damar aiki a kungiyoyin NGO ✅ Tallafin bincike da kasuwanci (Grants) ✅ Guraben karatu (Scholarships) 👇 Na tattaro maka wasu daga cikin mafi inganci kuma amintattun shafukan da za su taimaka maka samun waɗannan damarmaki. Ka ajiye wannan post ɗin (Save) domin zai amfane ka a gaba, sannan ka yi sharing ga abokai da 'yan uwa domin su ma su ci gajiyar wannan bayanin. 👇 Jerin shafukan na ƙasa a comments. '''Teco Benson''' (Fabrairu 28, 1971) darektan fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], marubuci, furodusa, kuma [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]]. An zabi shi a matsayin Darakta mafi kyau a [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] a 2006 da 2008, kuma ya lashe Darakta na Shekara a Kyautar Nollywood ta 2011. A shekara ta 2012, Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]] na Najeriya ya yi masa ado a matsayin [[Order of the Federal Republic|memba na Order of the Federal Republic]] Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List of 2012 National Honour Recipients |url=http://www.channelstv.com/home/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=Channels Television}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anyiam-Osigwe ,Teco Benson for National Honour |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/09/anyiam-osigwe-teco-benson-for-national-honour/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922035756/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/09/anyiam-osigwe-teco-benson-for-national-honour/ |archive-date=September 22, 2012 |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=Daily Independent Nigeria}}</ref> == Ayyuka. == Teco ma'aikacin gwamnati ne da ke aiki tare da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Jihar Anambra , Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a 1994 ,sannan ya shiga rubuce-rubuce da samar da fim a 1995 ,kafin ya sauya zuwa jagora a 1997. A shekara ta 2003, ya yi fim na farko da aka yi a Saliyo mai taken Blood Diamonds . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson on IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2201607/ |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Personalities: Teco Benson |url=http://www.africafilms.tv/en/personnes/837?PHPSESSID=7g9frm93qjp7gabugpmj1cuqm2 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Africafilms.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson Biography |url=http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/beam-on-nollywood-teco-benson-a-veteran-director |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315172636/http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/beam-on-nollywood-teco-benson-a-veteran-director |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Happenings9ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/2013/teco-benson/ |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Africa Film Festival Inc}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Teco Kirista ne wanda aka haifa , ya yi aure a shekara ta 2001 ,Yana yara 3.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Nigerian Voice}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html "ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON"]. ''Nigerian Voice''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-12-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Zai iya shirya shinkafa, miya mai zaki, da miya mai kayan lambu. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |1996 |''Yarjejeniya'' (marubuci da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kawai) | |- |1997 |Rashin tausayi (marubuci kawai) | |- |1997 |Water-loo (''Ruwa'' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo) |- |1998 |''Rashin jituwa'' (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |''Wasan Ruwa'' | |- |1998 |Ofishin Jakadancin Kisan kai (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |Power to Bind (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1998 |Scores to Settle (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |Magic Money (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1999 |''Ranar Ƙididdiga'' | |- |1999 |''[[End of the Wicked|Ƙarshen Mugun]]'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |1999 |''Laifi Mai Tsarki'' (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1999 |''Farashin'' | |- |1999 |''An la'anta su Daga Ƙarshe'' | |- |1999 |The Bastard (kuma marubuci) | |- |2000 |''Ƙayyadadden Ƙayyadaddun'' | |- |2000 |Grace to Grass (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |2000 |''Hanyar zuwa Kabari'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2000 |''[[State of Emergency (2000 film)|Yanayin Gaggawa]]'' | |- |2000 |''Shekaru da aka ɓata'' | |- |2001 |''Hasken rana mai zurfi'' | |- |2002 |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfi'' | |- |2002 |''Wauta ce!'' (kuma mai samarwa) | |- |2002 |An haife shi 2 Ya sha wahala | |- |2002 |''Hanyar zuwa Kabari'' | |- |2003 |''Fitarwa ta hanyar haɗari'' | |- |2003 |''Ikon Ƙungiya'' | |- |2004 |''Diamonds na jini'' | |- |2004 |''Alamar Hadari'' (kuma mai samarwa) | |- |2004 |''Yakin Yakin'' | |- |2004 |''Yanayin Gaggawa'' 1 da 2 | |- |2005 |''Ranar Gafartawa'' | |- |2005 |''Aljanu shida'' | |- |2006 |''Fashewa'' | |- |2006 |''Shiru na Alloli 1 & 2'' | |- |2008 |''Aikin zuwa Babu Wuri 1 & 2'' | |- |2010 |''Annabi na ƙarya'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2010 |''Babban Matsi na Jini'' | |- |2010 |Dokta Mai Zubbi | |- |2011 |''Brushes Biyu da Jariri'' | |- |2013 |''Hadari'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2015 |''Jinin a cikin Lagoon'' | |- |2017 |''Mr & Mrs, Babi na 2'' | |- |2018 |''Jinin Ɗaya'' | |- |2000 |''Laifin zartarwa'' | |- |1999 |''Idanu don Idanu'' | |- | |''Ƙararrawar Ƙarya'' | |- | |''Laifi'' | |- | |''Iku doro'' | |- | |''Mfana Ibagha'' | |- | |''Red Hot'' | |- | |''Sanata'' | |- | |''Tsoro'' | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Authority control}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://africanfilmny.org/directors/teco-benson/ Bikin Fim na Afirka] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mkc0pyavp6xfbh187s3tsobg3z64mzc 887853 887846 2026-07-26T18:04:39Z Kaddi123 38060 887853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teco Benson''' (Fabrairu 28, 1971) darektan fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], marubuci, furodusa, kuma [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]]. An zabi shi a matsayin Darakta mafi kyau a [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] a 2006 da 2008, kuma ya lashe Darakta na Shekara a Kyautar Nollywood ta 2011. A shekara ta 2012, Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]] na Najeriya ya yi masa ado a matsayin [[Order of the Federal Republic|memba na Order of the Federal Republic]] Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List of 2012 National Honour Recipients |url=http://www.channelstv.com/home/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=Channels Television}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anyiam-Osigwe ,Teco Benson for National Honour |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/09/anyiam-osigwe-teco-benson-for-national-honour/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922035756/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/09/anyiam-osigwe-teco-benson-for-national-honour/ |archive-date=September 22, 2012 |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=Daily Independent Nigeria}}</ref> == Ayyuka. == Teco ma'aikacin gwamnati ne da ke aiki tare da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Jihar Anambra , Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a 1994 ,sannan ya shiga rubuce-rubuce da samar da fim a 1995 ,kafin ya sauya zuwa jagora a 1997. A shekara ta 2003, ya yi fim na farko da aka yi a Saliyo mai taken Blood Diamonds . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson on IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2201607/ |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Personalities: Teco Benson |url=http://www.africafilms.tv/en/personnes/837?PHPSESSID=7g9frm93qjp7gabugpmj1cuqm2 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Africafilms.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson Biography |url=http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/beam-on-nollywood-teco-benson-a-veteran-director |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315172636/http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/beam-on-nollywood-teco-benson-a-veteran-director |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Happenings9ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/2013/teco-benson/ |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Africa Film Festival Inc}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Teco Kirista ne wanda aka haifa , ya yi aure a shekara ta 2001 ,Yana yara 3.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Nigerian Voice}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html "ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON"]. ''Nigerian Voice''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-12-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Zai iya shirya shinkafa, miya mai zaki, da miya mai kayan lambu. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |1996 |''Yarjejeniya'' (marubuci da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kawai) | |- |1997 |Rashin tausayi (marubuci kawai) | |- |1997 |Water-loo (''Ruwa'' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo) |- |1998 |''Rashin jituwa'' (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |''Wasan Ruwa'' | |- |1998 |Ofishin Jakadancin Kisan kai (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |Power to Bind (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1998 |Scores to Settle (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |Magic Money (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1999 |''Ranar Ƙididdiga'' | |- |1999 |''[[End of the Wicked|Ƙarshen Mugun]]'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |1999 |''Laifi Mai Tsarki'' (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1999 |''Farashin'' | |- |1999 |''An la'anta su Daga Ƙarshe'' | |- |1999 |The Bastard (kuma marubuci) | |- |2000 |''Ƙayyadadden Ƙayyadaddun'' | |- |2000 |Grace to Grass (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |2000 |''Hanyar zuwa Kabari'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2000 |''[[State of Emergency (2000 film)|Yanayin Gaggawa]]'' | |- |2000 |''Shekaru da aka ɓata'' | |- |2001 |''Hasken rana mai zurfi'' | |- |2002 |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfi'' | |- |2002 |''Wauta ce!'' (kuma mai samarwa) | |- |2002 |An haife shi 2 Ya sha wahala | |- |2002 |''Hanyar zuwa Kabari'' | |- |2003 |''Fitarwa ta hanyar haɗari'' | |- |2003 |''Ikon Ƙungiya'' | |- |2004 |''Diamonds na jini'' | |- |2004 |''Alamar Hadari'' (kuma mai samarwa) | |- |2004 |''Yakin Yakin'' | |- |2004 |''Yanayin Gaggawa'' 1 da 2 | |- |2005 |''Ranar Gafartawa'' | |- |2005 |''Aljanu shida'' | |- |2006 |''Fashewa'' | |- |2006 |''Shiru na Alloli 1 & 2'' | |- |2008 |''Aikin zuwa Babu Wuri 1 & 2'' | |- |2010 |''Annabi na ƙarya'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2010 |''Babban Matsi na Jini'' | |- |2010 |Dokta Mai Zubbi | |- |2011 |''Brushes Biyu da Jariri'' | |- |2013 |''Hadari'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2015 |''Jinin a cikin Lagoon'' | |- |2017 |''Mr & Mrs, Babi na 2'' | |- |2018 |''Jinin Ɗaya'' | |- |2000 |''Laifin zartarwa'' | |- |1999 |''Idanu don Idanu'' | |- | |''Ƙararrawar Ƙarya'' | |- | |''Laifi'' | |- | |''Iku doro'' | |- | |''Mfana Ibagha'' | |- | |''Red Hot'' | |- | |''Sanata'' | |- | |''Tsoro'' | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Authority control}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://africanfilmny.org/directors/teco-benson/ Bikin Fim na Afirka] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3hprl1kise77cqr8ghpr9rlak05t4v0 887956 887853 2026-07-27T04:59:01Z Mahuta 11340 887956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Teco Benson''' (Fabrairu 28, 1971) darektan fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], marubuci, furodusa, kuma [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]]. An zabi shi a matsayin Darakta mafi kyau a [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] a 2006 da 2008, kuma ya lashe Darakta na Shekara a Kyautar Nollywood ta 2011. A shekara ta 2012, Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]] na Najeriya ya yi masa ado a matsayin [[Order of the Federal Republic|memba na Order of the Federal Republic]] Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List of 2012 National Honour Recipients |url=http://www.channelstv.com/home/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=Channels Television}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anyiam-Osigwe ,Teco Benson for National Honour |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/09/anyiam-osigwe-teco-benson-for-national-honour/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922035756/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/09/anyiam-osigwe-teco-benson-for-national-honour/ |archive-date=September 22, 2012 |access-date=16 March 2014 |publisher=Daily Independent Nigeria}}</ref> == Ayyuka. == Teco ma'aikacin gwamnati ne da ke aiki tare da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Jihar Anambra , Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a 1994 ,sannan ya shiga rubuce-rubuce da samar da fim a 1995 ,kafin ya sauya zuwa jagora a 1997. A shekara ta 2003, ya yi fim na farko da aka yi a Saliyo mai taken Blood Diamonds . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson on IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2201607/ |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Personalities: Teco Benson |url=http://www.africafilms.tv/en/personnes/837?PHPSESSID=7g9frm93qjp7gabugpmj1cuqm2 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Africafilms.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson Biography |url=http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/beam-on-nollywood-teco-benson-a-veteran-director |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315172636/http://www.happenings9ja.com/happenings/posts/entertainment-lifestyle/music-movies/beam-on-nollywood-teco-benson-a-veteran-director |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Happenings9ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Teco Benson |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/2013/teco-benson/ |access-date=15 March 2014 |publisher=Africa Film Festival Inc}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Teco Kirista ne wanda aka haifa , ya yi aure a shekara ta 2001 ,Yana yara 3.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Nigerian Voice}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/3862/adultery-fornication-no-longer-a-big-deal-in-entertainment.html "ADULTERY, FORNICATION NO LONGER A BIG DEAL IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY –TECO BENSON"]. ''Nigerian Voice''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-12-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Zai iya shirya shinkafa, miya mai zaki, da miya mai kayan lambu. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |1996 |''Yarjejeniya'' (marubuci da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kawai) | |- |1997 |Rashin tausayi (marubuci kawai) | |- |1997 |Water-loo (''Ruwa'' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo) |- |1998 |''Rashin jituwa'' (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |''Wasan Ruwa'' | |- |1998 |Ofishin Jakadancin Kisan kai (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |Power to Bind (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1998 |Scores to Settle (marubuci kawai) | |- |1998 |Magic Money (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1999 |''Ranar Ƙididdiga'' | |- |1999 |''[[End of the Wicked|Ƙarshen Mugun]]'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |1999 |''Laifi Mai Tsarki'' (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |1999 |''Farashin'' | |- |1999 |''An la'anta su Daga Ƙarshe'' | |- |1999 |The Bastard (kuma marubuci) | |- |2000 |''Ƙayyadadden Ƙayyadaddun'' | |- |2000 |Grace to Grass (kuma marubuci da furodusa) | |- |2000 |''Hanyar zuwa Kabari'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2000 |''[[State of Emergency (2000 film)|Yanayin Gaggawa]]'' | |- |2000 |''Shekaru da aka ɓata'' | |- |2001 |''Hasken rana mai zurfi'' | |- |2002 |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfi'' | |- |2002 |''Wauta ce!'' (kuma mai samarwa) | |- |2002 |An haife shi 2 Ya sha wahala | |- |2002 |''Hanyar zuwa Kabari'' | |- |2003 |''Fitarwa ta hanyar haɗari'' | |- |2003 |''Ikon Ƙungiya'' | |- |2004 |''Diamonds na jini'' | |- |2004 |''Alamar Hadari'' (kuma mai samarwa) | |- |2004 |''Yakin Yakin'' | |- |2004 |''Yanayin Gaggawa'' 1 da 2 | |- |2005 |''Ranar Gafartawa'' | |- |2005 |''Aljanu shida'' | |- |2006 |''Fashewa'' | |- |2006 |''Shiru na Alloli 1 & 2'' | |- |2008 |''Aikin zuwa Babu Wuri 1 & 2'' | |- |2010 |''Annabi na ƙarya'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2010 |''Babban Matsi na Jini'' | |- |2010 |Dokta Mai Zubbi | |- |2011 |''Brushes Biyu da Jariri'' | |- |2013 |''Hadari'' (kuma marubuci) | |- |2015 |''Jinin a cikin Lagoon'' | |- |2017 |''Mr & Mrs, Babi na 2'' | |- |2018 |''Jinin Ɗaya'' | |- |2000 |''Laifin zartarwa'' | |- |1999 |''Idanu don Idanu'' | |- | |''Ƙararrawar Ƙarya'' | |- | |''Laifi'' | |- | |''Iku doro'' | |- | |''Mfana Ibagha'' | |- | |''Red Hot'' | |- | |''Sanata'' | |- | |''Tsoro'' | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Authority control}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://africanfilmny.org/directors/teco-benson/ Bikin Fim na Afirka] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] m00ywb498xvw02g5g1jbz7q1wfkymq9 0 62259 887709 874193 2026-07-26T13:54:08Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345104812|Olaiya Igwe]]" 887709 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebun Oloyede''' // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Olaiya Igwe''' Listen ⓘ gogaggen dan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Nollywood|na Nollywood]], furodusa kuma darakta wanda ya yi fice wajen shirya irin ''Esin'', ''Alase Aye, Ololade Mr Money,'' da ''Abela Pupa'' . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5nzmb72qjyg3i6kj71ubvf9b4pwcj44 887710 887709 2026-07-26T13:54:23Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345104812|Olaiya Igwe]]" 887710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebun Oloyede''' // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Olaiya Igwe''' Listen ⓘ gogaggen dan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Nollywood|na Nollywood]], furodusa kuma darakta wanda ya yi fice wajen shirya irin ''Esin'', ''Alase Aye, Ololade Mr Money,'' da ''Abela Pupa'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8fsanvt850d7wexd5a9xd35zx1h746s 887711 887710 2026-07-26T13:54:35Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345104812|Olaiya Igwe]]" 887711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebun Oloyede''' // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Olaiya Igwe''' Listen ⓘ gogaggen dan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Nollywood|na Nollywood]], furodusa kuma darakta wanda ya yi fice wajen shirya irin ''Esin'', ''Alase Aye, Ololade Mr Money,'' da ''Abela Pupa'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == Olaiya dan [[jihar Ogun]] ne kuma a shekarar 2022, ya kammala karatunsa a [[jami'ar Crescent]], [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4uh53s66gtkoyciuqrauvo54497vbx6 887712 887711 2026-07-26T13:54:44Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345104812|Olaiya Igwe]]" 887712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebun Oloyede''' // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Olaiya Igwe''' Listen ⓘ gogaggen dan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Nollywood|na Nollywood]], furodusa kuma darakta wanda ya yi fice wajen shirya irin ''Esin'', ''Alase Aye, Ololade Mr Money,'' da ''Abela Pupa'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == Olaiya dan [[jihar Ogun]] ne kuma a shekarar 2022, ya kammala karatunsa a [[jami'ar Crescent]], [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya. == Sana'a == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gj1xji5mhqaj6eos1ctob6wjskqbe9b 887713 887712 2026-07-26T13:54:56Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345104812|Olaiya Igwe]]" 887713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebun Oloyede''' // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Olaiya Igwe''' Listen ⓘ gogaggen dan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Nollywood|na Nollywood]], furodusa kuma darakta wanda ya yi fice wajen shirya irin ''Esin'', ''Alase Aye, Ololade Mr Money,'' da ''Abela Pupa'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == Olaiya dan [[jihar Ogun]] ne kuma a shekarar 2022, ya kammala karatunsa a [[jami'ar Crescent]], [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya. == Sana'a == Olaiya Igwe ya shafe sama da shekaru arba'in a masana'antar fina-finai, ya fito a fina-finai sama da ɗari kuma ya shirya fina-finai sama da ashirin. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] r9qf0mf49wdezx55ehyl97k3ls7if2i 887714 887713 2026-07-26T13:55:08Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345104812|Olaiya Igwe]]" 887714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebun Oloyede''' // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Olaiya Igwe''' Listen ⓘ gogaggen dan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Nollywood|na Nollywood]], furodusa kuma darakta wanda ya yi fice wajen shirya irin ''Esin'', ''Alase Aye, Ololade Mr Money,'' da ''Abela Pupa'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == Olaiya dan [[jihar Ogun]] ne kuma a shekarar 2022, ya kammala karatunsa a [[jami'ar Crescent]], [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya. == Sana'a == Olaiya Igwe ya shafe sama da shekaru arba'in a masana'antar fina-finai, ya fito a fina-finai sama da ɗari kuma ya shirya fina-finai sama da ashirin. == Fim ɗin fim == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6vtrejgn3579mxwbcr8kcrkld23cbsg 887715 887714 2026-07-26T13:55:42Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345104812|Olaiya Igwe]]" 887715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebun Oloyede''' // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Olaiya Igwe''' Listen ⓘ gogaggen dan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Nollywood|na Nollywood]], furodusa kuma darakta wanda ya yi fice wajen shirya irin ''Esin'', ''Alase Aye, Ololade Mr Money,'' da ''Abela Pupa'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == Olaiya dan [[jihar Ogun]] ne kuma a shekarar 2022, ya kammala karatunsa a [[jami'ar Crescent]], [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya. == Sana'a == Olaiya Igwe ya shafe sama da shekaru arba'in a masana'antar fina-finai, ya fito a fina-finai sama da ɗari kuma ya shirya fina-finai sama da ashirin. == Fim ɗin fim == * ''Maƙeri: Alagbede (2024)'' * ''[[Ijakumo]] : Mai Haihuwa Mai Sake (2022) a matsayin Mutum'' * ''Jagbajantis Reloaded (2022) a matsayin Baba Legacy'' * ''U-Turn (2022) a matsayin Mr. Kamoru'' * ''Obankoba (2021) as Oba Akilekun'' * ''Saheed Esu (2020) as Baba Anyila'' * ''[[Mokalik]] (2019) a matsayin baba Jide'' * ''[[Diamonds In the Sky|Diamonds a cikin Sama]] (2019) a matsayin Salamander'' * ''Ayitale (2013) as Oloye Demola'' * ''Jelili (2011) a matsayin Alade'' * ''Iru Esin'' * ''Kosi Tabi Sugbon'' * ''Abela Pupa'' * ''Baale Oko Ilu'' * ''Awon Aladun De (jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin)'' * ''[[Ile Alayo]]'' * ''Ololade Mr Money'' [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gjo5fzgwuefwxywh6ftr307u1izerwd 887717 887715 2026-07-26T13:56:23Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 887717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox }} '''Ebun Oloyede''' // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Olaiya Igwe''' Listen ⓘ gogaggen dan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Nollywood|na Nollywood]], furodusa kuma darakta wanda ya yi fice wajen shirya irin ''Esin'', ''Alase Aye, Ololade Mr Money,'' da ''Abela Pupa'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == Olaiya dan [[jihar Ogun]] ne kuma a shekarar 2022, ya kammala karatunsa a [[jami'ar Crescent]], [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya. == Sana'a == Olaiya Igwe ya shafe sama da shekaru arba'in a masana'antar fina-finai, ya fito a fina-finai sama da ɗari kuma ya shirya fina-finai sama da ashirin. == Fim ɗin fim == * ''Maƙeri: Alagbede (2024)'' * ''[[Ijakumo]] : Mai Haihuwa Mai Sake (2022) a matsayin Mutum'' * ''Jagbajantis Reloaded (2022) a matsayin Baba Legacy'' * ''U-Turn (2022) a matsayin Mr. Kamoru'' * ''Obankoba (2021) as Oba Akilekun'' * ''Saheed Esu (2020) as Baba Anyila'' * ''[[Mokalik]] (2019) a matsayin baba Jide'' * ''[[Diamonds In the Sky|Diamonds a cikin Sama]] (2019) a matsayin Salamander'' * ''Ayitale (2013) as Oloye Demola'' * ''Jelili (2011) a matsayin Alade'' * ''Iru Esin'' * ''Kosi Tabi Sugbon'' * ''Abela Pupa'' * ''Baale Oko Ilu'' * ''Awon Aladun De (jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin)'' * ''[[Ile Alayo]]'' * ''Ololade Mr Money'' [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2rb5tmsmj026cz1lwodubq72w3dbbkm 887718 887717 2026-07-26T13:56:58Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 887718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox }} '''Ebun Oloyede''' // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Olaiya Igwe''' Listen ⓘ gogaggen dan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Nollywood|na Nollywood]], furodusa kuma darakta wanda ya yi fice wajen shirya irin ''Esin'', ''Alase Aye, Ololade Mr Money,'' da ''Abela Pupa'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == Olaiya dan [[jihar Ogun]] ne kuma a shekarar 2022, ya kammala karatunsa a [[jami'ar Crescent]], [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya. == Sana'a == Olaiya Igwe ya shafe sama da shekaru arba'in a masana'antar fina-finai, ya fito a fina-finai sama da ɗari kuma ya shirya fina-finai sama da ashirin. == Fim ɗin fim == * ''Maƙeri: Alagbede (2024)'' * ''[[Ijakumo]] : Mai Haihuwa Mai Sake (2022) a matsayin Mutum'' * ''Jagbajantis Reloaded (2022) a matsayin Baba Legacy'' * ''U-Turn (2022) a matsayin Mr. Kamoru'' * ''Obankoba (2021) as Oba Akilekun'' * ''Saheed Esu (2020) as Baba Anyila'' * ''[[Mokalik]] (2019) a matsayin baba Jide'' * ''[[Diamonds In the Sky|Diamonds a cikin Sama]] (2019) a matsayin Salamander'' * ''Ayitale (2013) as Oloye Demola'' * ''Jelili (2011) a matsayin Alade'' * ''Iru Esin'' * ''Kosi Tabi Sugbon'' * ''Abela Pupa'' * ''Baale Oko Ilu'' * ''Awon Aladun De (jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin)'' * ''[[Ile Alayo]]'' * ''Ololade Mr Money'' [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta 9m75hf03g6kzxte94cf7i0rzwwj6beu 0 62426 887659 876600 2026-07-26T13:21:07Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bnsw6e2nla2rly7pueuyzb8phg9rdbd 887661 887659 2026-07-26T13:21:54Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] jowdi0pmbxtivzf8qo5cnbv2vnqmxw4 887665 887661 2026-07-26T13:23:15Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 426gh0lsbc2tg4u5gakqgkaqoe7ff9b 887666 887665 2026-07-26T13:23:29Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dvtp6htunlprckjn350ilmu1ygaz13d 887668 887666 2026-07-26T13:23:43Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Abba Makama a [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] a matsayin ɗa na uku ga Samu'ila da Julie Makama. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Fredonia, kuma&nbsp;na yi karatun fim a Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFtimothy2016">timothy (2016-02-26). [https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq "Art Exihibition &#x5B;sic&#x5D; set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-04</span></span>.</cite></ref>&nbsp; [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gyi3hb5g7x02tccccfi7lt4zmnbnwe0 887670 887668 2026-07-26T13:23:55Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Abba Makama a [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] a matsayin ɗa na uku ga Samu'ila da Julie Makama. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Fredonia, kuma&nbsp;na yi karatun fim a Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFtimothy2016">timothy (2016-02-26). [https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq "Art Exihibition &#x5B;sic&#x5D; set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-04</span></span>.</cite></ref>&nbsp; == Ganewa == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8c8pwn13okjwsz565t9qiddggnlp364 887671 887670 2026-07-26T13:24:28Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Abba Makama a [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] a matsayin ɗa na uku ga Samu'ila da Julie Makama. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Fredonia, kuma&nbsp;na yi karatun fim a Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFtimothy2016">timothy (2016-02-26). [https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq "Art Exihibition &#x5B;sic&#x5D; set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-04</span></span>.</cite></ref>&nbsp; == Ganewa == A shekarar 2015, an fara nuna fim ɗinsa na shirin gaskiya na Nollywood a shekarar 2014 a tashar Aljazeerah kuma an zaɓe shi don bayar da kyaututtuka ga [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|African Movie Academy Awards]] . A wannan shekarar, an tantance ''Jam'iyyarsa ta Minista'' a&nbsp;Bikin Fina-finan Black Star a [[Philadelphia]], Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=World |first=Al Jazeera |title=Nollywood |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/al-jazeera-world/2015/7/28/nollywood |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" />&nbsp;''Kore Fari Kore''&nbsp;An nuna fim ɗin ''The Lost Okoroshi'' a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Toronto . Duk da cewa Fim ɗin ya lashe mafi kyawun fina-finan Najeriya a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2016, an nuna fim ɗin a bikin fina-finan BFI London na 2019 da kuma makon masu suka na Berlin a 2020. An fara nuna fina ''-finan Juju Stories'' a bikin nuna fina-finai na Locarno da ke Switzerland a shekarar 2021, inda aka ba ta kyautar Boccalino d'Oro a matsayin fim mafi kyau. ''Juju Stories'' ta kuma lashe kyautar darakta mafi kyau a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na duniya]] na 2021. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] q4mugqb8e9tmx8vh1u35s6dwbezbccx 887673 887671 2026-07-26T13:25:09Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bnsw6e2nla2rly7pueuyzb8phg9rdbd 887675 887673 2026-07-26T13:25:27Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] jowdi0pmbxtivzf8qo5cnbv2vnqmxw4 887676 887675 2026-07-26T13:25:39Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 426gh0lsbc2tg4u5gakqgkaqoe7ff9b 887677 887676 2026-07-26T13:25:53Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dvtp6htunlprckjn350ilmu1ygaz13d 887678 887677 2026-07-26T13:26:04Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Abba Makama a [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] a matsayin ɗa na uku ga Samu'ila da Julie Makama. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Fredonia, kuma&nbsp;na yi karatun fim a Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFtimothy2016">timothy (2016-02-26). [https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq "Art Exihibition &#x5B;sic&#x5D; set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-04</span></span>.</cite></ref>&nbsp; [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gyi3hb5g7x02tccccfi7lt4zmnbnwe0 887680 887678 2026-07-26T13:26:39Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Abba Makama a [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] a matsayin ɗa na uku ga Samu'ila da Julie Makama. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Fredonia, kuma&nbsp;na yi karatun fim a Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFtimothy2016">timothy (2016-02-26). [https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq "Art Exihibition &#x5B;sic&#x5D; set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-04</span></span>.</cite></ref>&nbsp; A shekarar 2015, an fara nuna fim ɗinsa na shirin gaskiya na Nollywood a shekarar 2014 a tashar Aljazeerah kuma an zaɓe shi don bayar da kyaututtuka ga [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|African Movie Academy Awards]] . A wannan shekarar, an tantance ''Jam'iyyarsa ta Minista'' a&nbsp;Bikin Fina-finan Black Star a [[Philadelphia]], Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=World |first=Al Jazeera |title=Nollywood |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/al-jazeera-world/2015/7/28/nollywood |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" />&nbsp;''Kore Fari Kore''&nbsp;An nuna fim ɗin ''The Lost Okoroshi'' a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Toronto . Duk da cewa Fim ɗin ya lashe mafi kyawun fina-finan Najeriya a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2016, an nuna fim ɗin a bikin fina-finan BFI London na 2019 da kuma makon masu suka na Berlin a 2020. An fara nuna fina ''-finan Juju Stories'' a bikin nuna fina-finai na Locarno da ke Switzerland a shekarar 2021, inda aka ba ta kyautar Boccalino d'Oro a matsayin fim mafi kyau. ''Juju Stories'' ta kuma lashe kyautar darakta mafi kyau a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na duniya]] na 2021. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] j6lns4pbrsbyz84w4q1be74nwcczmvb 887681 887680 2026-07-26T13:26:53Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Abba Makama a [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] a matsayin ɗa na uku ga Samu'ila da Julie Makama. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Fredonia, kuma&nbsp;na yi karatun fim a Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFtimothy2016">timothy (2016-02-26). [https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq "Art Exihibition &#x5B;sic&#x5D; set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-04</span></span>.</cite></ref>&nbsp; == Ganewa == A shekarar 2015, an fara nuna fim ɗinsa na shirin gaskiya na Nollywood a shekarar 2014 a tashar Aljazeerah kuma an zaɓe shi don bayar da kyaututtuka ga [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|African Movie Academy Awards]] . A wannan shekarar, an tantance ''Jam'iyyarsa ta Minista'' a&nbsp;Bikin Fina-finan Black Star a [[Philadelphia]], Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=World |first=Al Jazeera |title=Nollywood |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/al-jazeera-world/2015/7/28/nollywood |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" />&nbsp;''Kore Fari Kore''&nbsp;An nuna fim ɗin ''The Lost Okoroshi'' a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Toronto . Duk da cewa Fim ɗin ya lashe mafi kyawun fina-finan Najeriya a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2016, an nuna fim ɗin a bikin fina-finan BFI London na 2019 da kuma makon masu suka na Berlin a 2020. An fara nuna fina ''-finan Juju Stories'' a bikin nuna fina-finai na Locarno da ke Switzerland a shekarar 2021, inda aka ba ta kyautar Boccalino d'Oro a matsayin fim mafi kyau. ''Juju Stories'' ta kuma lashe kyautar darakta mafi kyau a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na duniya]] na 2021. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] q4mugqb8e9tmx8vh1u35s6dwbezbccx 887682 887681 2026-07-26T13:27:10Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359313216|Abba Makama]]" 887682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Abba Makama a [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] a matsayin ɗa na uku ga Samu'ila da Julie Makama. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Fredonia, kuma&nbsp;na yi karatun fim a Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFtimothy2016">timothy (2016-02-26). [https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq "Art Exihibition &#x5B;sic&#x5D; set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-04</span></span>.</cite></ref>&nbsp; == Ganewa == A shekarar 2015, an fara nuna fim ɗinsa na shirin gaskiya na Nollywood a shekarar 2014 a tashar Aljazeerah kuma an zaɓe shi don bayar da kyaututtuka ga [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|African Movie Academy Awards]] . A wannan shekarar, an tantance ''Jam'iyyarsa ta Minista'' a&nbsp;Bikin Fina-finan Black Star a [[Philadelphia]], Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=World |first=Al Jazeera |title=Nollywood |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/al-jazeera-world/2015/7/28/nollywood |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" />&nbsp;''Kore Fari Kore''&nbsp;An nuna fim ɗin ''The Lost Okoroshi'' a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Toronto . Duk da cewa Fim ɗin ya lashe mafi kyawun fina-finan Najeriya a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2016, an nuna fim ɗin a bikin fina-finan BFI London na 2019 da kuma makon masu suka na Berlin a 2020. An fara nuna fina ''-finan Juju Stories'' a bikin nuna fina-finai na Locarno da ke Switzerland a shekarar 2021, inda aka ba ta kyautar Boccalino d'Oro a matsayin fim mafi kyau. ''Juju Stories'' ta kuma lashe kyautar darakta mafi kyau a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na duniya]] na 2021. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> == Fim ɗin fim == * ''Jam'iyyar Minista'' (gajeren fim) (2013) * ''Nollywood: Wani Abu Daga Babu'' (2015) * ''[[Green White Green|Koren Farin Kore]]'' (2016) * ''Wahayi: Shaitan'' (2017) * ''[[The Lost Okoroshi|Okoroshi da ya ɓace]]'' (2019) * [[Labarun Juju|''Labarun Juju: Yam'']] (2021) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0ib38okz8s94l98buyjq46eqoos05lq 887684 887682 2026-07-26T13:27:43Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 887684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Abba Makama a [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] a matsayin ɗa na uku ga Samu'ila da Julie Makama. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Fredonia, kuma&nbsp;na yi karatun fim a Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFtimothy2016">timothy (2016-02-26). [https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq "Art Exihibition &#x5B;sic&#x5D; set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-04</span></span>.</cite></ref>&nbsp; == Ganewa == A shekarar 2015, an fara nuna fim ɗinsa na shirin gaskiya na Nollywood a shekarar 2014 a tashar Aljazeerah kuma an zaɓe shi don bayar da kyaututtuka ga [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|African Movie Academy Awards]] . A wannan shekarar, an tantance ''Jam'iyyarsa ta Minista'' a&nbsp;Bikin Fina-finan Black Star a [[Philadelphia]], Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=World |first=Al Jazeera |title=Nollywood |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/al-jazeera-world/2015/7/28/nollywood |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" />&nbsp;''Kore Fari Kore''&nbsp;An nuna fim ɗin ''The Lost Okoroshi'' a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Toronto . Duk da cewa Fim ɗin ya lashe mafi kyawun fina-finan Najeriya a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2016, an nuna fim ɗin a bikin fina-finan BFI London na 2019 da kuma makon masu suka na Berlin a 2020. An fara nuna fina ''-finan Juju Stories'' a bikin nuna fina-finai na Locarno da ke Switzerland a shekarar 2021, inda aka ba ta kyautar Boccalino d'Oro a matsayin fim mafi kyau. ''Juju Stories'' ta kuma lashe kyautar darakta mafi kyau a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na duniya]] na 2021. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> == Fim ɗin fim == * ''Jam'iyyar Minista'' (gajeren fim) (2013) * ''Nollywood: Wani Abu Daga Babu'' (2015) * ''[[Green White Green|Koren Farin Kore]]'' (2016) * ''Wahayi: Shaitan'' (2017) * ''[[The Lost Okoroshi|Okoroshi da ya ɓace]]'' (2019) * [[Labarun Juju|''Labarun Juju: Yam'']] (2021) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s412zjm242gbnm3jgxgb7ek4han11h2 887686 887684 2026-07-26T13:28:13Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 887686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abba T. Makama''' marubuci ne, darakta, mai zane-zane da kuma furodusa a Najeriya. An san shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Green White Green]]'' da ''[[The Lost Okoroshi]]'' . Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darektan kirkire-kirkire na Osiris Film and Entertainment. Fina-finansa sun mayar da hankali ne kan ba da labaran Najeriya ga masu sauraro a duk duniya, kuma suna nuna yadda duniya take da alaƙa da juna ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin ƙasa ba. Ayyukansa galibi sun samo asali ne daga mafarkai da kuma ka'idar Jung ta rashin sani na gama gari . Ayyukansa sun kuma bincika jigon akida, ruhi, al'ada da kuma a cikin nau'ikan barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, barkwanci da kuma sihirin gaskiya. Abba memba ne na ƙungiyar Surreal16 da ta kafa ƙungiyar. An haifi Surreal16 ne sakamakon rawar da ya taka a harkar fina-finan Denmark mai suna Dogme 95, kuma an haife shi ne sakamakon sha'awar da 'yan fim uku na Najeriya suka nuna wa juna (Makama, [[C.J. Obasi|CJ Obasi]] da Micheal Omonua). Sun yi takaici da yawan barkwanci da fina-finan aure. Ƙungiyar ta shirya tsaf don haɓaka ayyukanta da kuma ƙarfafa sabon nau'in sinima. Ƙungiyar ta rubuta wani jawabi mai ɗauke da ƙa'idoji da jagorori guda goma sha shida waɗanda ke kula da shirya fina-finansu. An sanar da waɗannan ƙa'idoji ne a lokacin wani taro a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2017 bayan an nuna fim ɗinsu na farko mai suna ''Visions'' . A shekarar 2021, Abba da ƙungiyar sun kafa bikin fina-finai na S16, wani dandali na sabon salon fina-finai na Afirka wanda ke magana da ƙamus na duniya baki ɗaya na fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Egbedi |first=Hadassah |date=2016-01-08 |title=15 African creatives to watch out for in 2016 |url=https://venturesafrica.com/15-african-creatives-to-watch-out-for-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Ventures Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Makama, Abba {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/abba-makama/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lost Okoroshi |url=https://www.tiff.net/events/the-lost-okoroshi |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=TIFF |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Surreal16: the filmmaking collective trying to forge a new identity for Nigerian cinema &#124; Sight & Sound |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/interviews/surreal16-collective-nigerian-arthouse-cinema-nollywood |website=British Film Institute}}</ref> ''[[Labarun Juju|Juju Stories]]'' fim ne mai sassa uku wanda ke bincika labaran juju (sihiri) waɗanda suka samo asali daga tatsuniyoyin Najeriya da tatsuniyoyin birane. Abba ya jagoranci kashi na biyu mai suna "YAM". == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Abba Makama a [[Jos]], [[Plateau (jiha)|Jihar Filato]] a matsayin ɗa na uku ga Samu'ila da Julie Makama. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Fredonia, kuma&nbsp;na yi karatun fim a Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=timothy |date=2016-02-26 |title=Art {{as written|Exi|hibition [sic]}} set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFtimothy2016">timothy (2016-02-26). [https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/abba-t-makama-art-exihibition-set-to-hold-at-iamisigo-showroom-this-weekend/b9llgzq "Art Exihibition &#x5B;sic&#x5D; set to hold at IAMISIGO showroom this weekend"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-04</span></span>.</cite></ref>&nbsp; == Ganewa == A shekarar 2015, an fara nuna fim ɗinsa na shirin gaskiya na Nollywood a shekarar 2014 a tashar Aljazeerah kuma an zaɓe shi don bayar da kyaututtuka ga [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|African Movie Academy Awards]] . A wannan shekarar, an tantance ''Jam'iyyarsa ta Minista'' a&nbsp;Bikin Fina-finan Black Star a [[Philadelphia]], Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=World |first=Al Jazeera |title=Nollywood |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/al-jazeera-world/2015/7/28/nollywood |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" />&nbsp;''Kore Fari Kore''&nbsp;An nuna fim ɗin ''The Lost Okoroshi'' a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Toronto . Duk da cewa Fim ɗin ya lashe mafi kyawun fina-finan Najeriya a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na ƙasa da ƙasa]] na 2016, an nuna fim ɗin a bikin fina-finan BFI London na 2019 da kuma makon masu suka na Berlin a 2020. An fara nuna fina ''-finan Juju Stories'' a bikin nuna fina-finai na Locarno da ke Switzerland a shekarar 2021, inda aka ba ta kyautar Boccalino d'Oro a matsayin fim mafi kyau. ''Juju Stories'' ta kuma lashe kyautar darakta mafi kyau a [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finan Afirka na duniya]] na 2021. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> == Fim ɗin fim == * ''Jam'iyyar Minista'' (gajeren fim) (2013) * ''Nollywood: Wani Abu Daga Babu'' (2015) * ''[[Green White Green|Koren Farin Kore]]'' (2016) * ''Wahayi: Shaitan'' (2017) * ''[[The Lost Okoroshi|Okoroshi da ya ɓace]]'' (2019) * [[Labarun Juju|''Labarun Juju: Yam'']] (2021) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta h65gnltdupdrynu0q3f1pkixyz6dr0r 0 65337 888076 620393 2026-07-27T11:10:51Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:KAFD_Grand_Mosque.jpg|KAFD_Grand_Mosque.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Gbawden|Gbawden]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Cergun62|]]. 888076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Babban Masallacin KAFD''' shine [[Masallaci|Masallacin]] Juma'a (Juma'a) kuma cibiyar gine-gine na [[Gundumar Kuɗi ta Sarki Abdullah|gundumar kudi ta Sarki Abdullah]] a [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] . Tsarin murabba'in mita 6,103 yana zaune a kan babban filin birni wanda ke aiki azaman wurin jama'a kuma, lokacin da ake buƙata, wurin addu'a a waje. A ciki, filin da ba shi da ginshiƙi na iya ɗaukar wuraren addu'o'i 1,500 sama da matakai biyu - babban zauren tsakiya da mezzanine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mysalaam.com/en/story/a-piece-of-art-impressive-mosque-in-riyadh-combines-contemporary-and-traditional-elements/SALAAM06092018045531|title=A Piece of Art: Impressive Mosque in Riyadh Combines Contemporary and Traditional Elements|website=My Salaam|language=english|access-date=2019-05-13|archive-date=2019-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513204820/https://www.mysalaam.com/en/story/a-piece-of-art-impressive-mosque-in-riyadh-combines-contemporary-and-traditional-elements/SALAAM06092018045531|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kamfanin gine-ginen gine-gine da injiniya na Omrania and Associates mai hedkwata a Riyadh ne ya tsara shi, masallacin ya samu kwarin gwuiwa da nau'in furen hamada.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastarchitect.com/43762-images-of-omranias-completed-kafd-grand-mosque-in-riyadh-saudi-arabia|title=Images of Omrania's completed KAFD Grand Mosque in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia|website=Middle East Architect|language=en|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref> == Zane == Babban manufar babban masallacin KAFD ya samo asali ne daga ciyawar hamada, wani tsari ne na lu'ulu'u da ke faruwa a cikin hamadar [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Takamaiman geometries na ginin, duk da haka, sun dogara ne akan tsarin Musulunci na gargajiya da kuma samar da hadeddewar inuwar rana da kuma zane-zanen sassaka wanda ya yi daidai da ka'idodin tsarin tsarin [[Gundumar Kuɗi ta Sarki Abdullah|KAFD]] da Henning Larsen ya ƙera. Rufe dutse da ƙaramin kyalkyali kuma yana kare ginin daga yanayin yayin da yake ƙarfafa ra'ayin shimfidar hamada. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.commercialinteriordesign.com/thoughts/omrania-designed-kafd-grand-mosque-is-shortlisted-for-waf-award|title=Omrania-designed KAFD Grand mosque is shortlisted for WAF Award|website=Commercial Interior Design|language=en|access-date=2019-05-13}}</ref> Kamfanin zane Omrania ya bayyana a cikin mujallar Architect ta Gabas ta Tsakiya, "Babban ƙalubale shi ne haɓaka ilimin lissafi ta hanyar da za ta tallafa wa ginshiƙi kyauta na ciki. Dukkanin lodin ana canjawa wuri ta hanyar tsarin fata, kuma fata tana goyon bayan mezzanine mai tashi. ta hanyar rataye tallafi." A cikin 2019 Babban Masallacin KAFD na Omrania an nada masallacin daya daga cikin "Manyan masallatai 10 na zamani wadanda ke kalubalantar gine-ginen Musulunci na gargajiya."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastarchitect.com/42021-top-10-latest-contemporary-mosques-from-around-the-world|title=Top 10 contemporary mosques that challenge traditional Islamic architecture|website=Middle East Architect|language=en|access-date=2019-08-28}}</ref> === Shafin === Wurin yana kusa da mahadar manyan hanyoyi guda uku da suka nutse ko kuma “ wadi ” (kwaruruka) na birni kewaye da skyscrapers. Wani sabon filin taro na jama'a da filin sallah na waje ya daga masallacin sama da rafin amma a kasa da kofar shiga manyan gine-gine. [[Hasumiya|Minare]] biyu masu tsayin mitoci 60 ne suka yi nuni da kofar shiga filin masallacin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastarchitect.com/thoughts/omrania-designed-kafd-grand-mosque-is-shortlisted-for-waf-award|title=Omrania-designed KAFD Grand mosque is shortlisted for WAF Award|website=Middle East Architect|language=en|access-date=2019-05-13}}</ref> Domin ana iya ganin ginin sosai daga ko’ina kuma daga sama, an tsara rufin da aka ƙera a matsayin “hawa ta biyar.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.commercialinteriordesign.com/thoughts/omrania-designed-kafd-grand-mosque-is-shortlisted-for-waf-award|title=Omrania-designed KAFD Grand mosque is shortlisted for WAF Award|website=Commercial Interior Design|language=en|access-date=2019-05-13}}</ref> === Ciki da Alama === Ciki babba ce guda ɗaya, sarari mara ginshiƙi. Gefen yamma yana da [[mihrab]] gilashi mai launi, wanda glazing triangular ke wakiltar muqarnas da ba a zayyana ba. Fanalan rufin da aka yi triangulated, wanda kuma aka yi wahayi daga muqarnas, suna ba da ƙarin haske da haɓaka sautin murya. A matakin ƙasa, an ƙirƙira ƙananan tagogi tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan [[Larabci|nau'ikan]] ƙira na ayoyin Alqur'ani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omrania.com/project/kafd-grand-mosque/|title=KAFD Grand Mosque|website=Omrania|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archinect.com/Omrania/project/kafd-grand-mosque|title=KAFD Grand Mosque {{!}} Omrania|website=Archinect|language=en|access-date=2019-05-13}}</ref> === Tsarin da MEP === Don ƙirƙirar filin addu'a marar ginshiƙi, an tsara masallacin da fatar tsari mai zurfin mita 2.8, wanda kuma ke tallafawa mezzanine mai rataye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.albawani.net/project/king-abdullah-financial-district-grand-mosque/|title=King Abdullah Financial District Grand Mosque – Al Bawani|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-13|archive-date=2019-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513204827/https://www.albawani.net/project/king-abdullah-financial-district-grand-mosque/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na'urorin injina da tsarin suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin filin masallaci ko kuma an haɗa su cikin shingen masallacin. == Kyauta == 2017 Finalist, addini - Duniya Architecture Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldarchitecturefestival.com/religion-completed-buildings-2017|title=Religion - Completed Buildings 2017|website=www.worldarchitecturefestival.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-13}}</ref> Zaben 2019 don Kyautar Abdullatif Al Fozan don Gina Masallaci.<ref name=":0" /> == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Masallaci]] [[Category:Masallatai]] jf790y9jvjh13jhc9maar65drmbb37h 0 65938 887996 617220 2026-07-27T08:53:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Loyiso Nongxa''' Masani ne a fannin lissafin ɗan ƙasar [[Afirka ta Kudu]], shugaban Gidauniyar Bincike ta ƙasa ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] (NRF) kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Witwatersrand, [[Johannesburg]] (Wits). <ref name="Biography of Professor Loyiso G. Nongxa">[http://www.wits.ac.za/files/resb73c47ae19d44ea4be331a5cc4b2246c.pdf Biography of Professor Loyiso G. Nongxa]{{Dead link|date=January 2018|fix-attempted=yes}}, from Wits University website, retrieved 2 January 2012</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi '''Nongxa''' a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 1953 <ref name="Mathematician of the African Diaspora">[http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/PEEPS/nongxa_loyiso.html Mathematicians of the African Diaspora], retrieved 3 January 2012</ref> a [[Mhlanga]] kusa da [[Lady Frere, Eastern Cape]] a lokacin da ake Transkei. Duk iyayensa ƙwararrun malamai ne, kuma mahaifinsa shugaban makaranta ne, duk da cewa mahaifiyarsa ta kasance a gida don renon iyali. Nongxa ya yi kyau a makaranta, kuma ya yi karatu daga Kwalejin Healdtown tare da bambanci a matsayin babban ɗalibin matric a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1972.<ref name="SARUA">[http://www.sarua.org/?q=content/wits-vice-chancellor-prof-loyiso-nongxa Southern African Regional Universities Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703110810/https://www.sarua.org/?q=content/wits-vice-chancellor-prof-loyiso-nongxa |date=2020-07-03 }}, WITS Vice Chancellor: Prof. Loyiso Nongxa, retrieved 2 January 2012</ref> An karɓi Nongxa a Jami'ar Fort Hare (UFH) bayan haka, kuma ya sami BSc (Hons) a cikin shekarar 1976. Yayin da yake UFH, ya kuma taka leda a rukunin rugby na "Baa-bas" na Jami'ar. Bayan samun MSc daga UFH a cikin shekarar 1978, ya zama ƙwararren ɗan [[Afirka ta Kudu]] baƙar fata Rhodes, kuma ya sami D.Phil daga [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a shekara ta 1982, <ref name="SARUA" /> inda yake riƙe da taken Honorary Fellow ( Kwalejin Balliol ). == Aikin ilimi == Nongxa ya karantar da ilimin lissafi a UFH, Jami'ar Ƙasa ta [[Lesotho]], Jami'ar Natal da Jami'ar Western Cape (UWC). A UWC, ya riƙe muƙamin Farfesa na Lissafi, sannan aka naɗa shi shugaban tsangayar kimiyyar halitta. Ya kuma kasance masanin bincike mai ziyara a jami'o'in [[Colorado]], Harvard, Connecticut, Hawaii, da Baylor.<ref name="SARUA"/> An naɗa shi Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban Bincike a Wits a cikin watan Oktoba 2000, kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Makarantar a watan Afrilu 2002. Bayan murabus ɗin Farfesa Norma Reid Birley a watan Nuwamba 2002, ya zama Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar kuma Shugaban Jami'ar. <ref name="SARUA"/> Daga nan ne Majalisar Jami’ar ta tantance shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda za su yi takarar Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar, sannan a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu 2003 Majalisar ta naɗa shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar. <ref name="Johannesburg News Agency">[http://www.joburgnews.co.za/2003/may/may19_wits.stm Johannesburg News Agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017123034/http://www.joburgnews.co.za/2003/may/may19_wits.stm |date=2023-10-17 }}, "New vice-chancellor for Wits", retrieved 2 January 2012</ref> <ref name="Johannesburg News Agency (2)">[http://www.joburgnews.co.za/2003/apr/apr15_wits.stm Johannesburg News Agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425092916/http://www.joburgnews.co.za/2003/apr/apr15_wits.stm |date=2012-04-25 }}, "Wits to appoint new vice-chancellor", retrieved 2 January 2012</ref> Nongxa shi ne bakar fata na farko Mataimakin Shugaban jami'ar Wits.<ref name="Johannesburg News Agency" /> Adam Habib ne ya gaje shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jami'a a ranar 1 ga watan Yuni 2013. Bayan matsayinsa a jami'o'i, Nongxa ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Zaɓen Siyarwa na Rhodes, Kwamitin Bincike na SAUVCA da wasu Gidauniyar Bincike ta ƙasa na kwamitocin [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Tun da ya bar Wits ya hau kujerar Shugaban Hukumar NRF. <ref name="SARUA"/> An zaɓi Nongxa Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Lissafi ta Duniya a watan Yulin 2018. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1953]] 62a2awhvcxc30f6cth31x47at1bo8h8 0 69460 887852 862054 2026-07-26T17:55:33Z Kaddi123 38060 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345759136|Three Thieves (2019 film)]]" 887852 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> Kadd. Three Thieves fim ne mai ban dariya na Najeriya na 2019 wanda [[Udoka Oyeka]] ya jagoranta, wanda Egbemawei Sammy, Abba Makama da Africa Ukoh suka rubuta, kuma Trino Motion Pictures ne suka samar da shi. An sake shi a cikin fina-finai a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2019. == Makirci == Saboda wani lamari na kuskuren an yi kwangila da abokai uku da ba su gamsu ba don yin sata mai sauƙi. Har ma mafi muni, mutumin da aka yi kwangila da shi don aikin yana neman su. Abubuwa sun bayyana kuma suna iya ƙara satar mutane zuwa jerin laifukan da suke aikata. Tare da karkatarwa mai ban dariya ga duka, abin mamaki ne yadda suka ƙare a matsayin jarumawa na rana. == Masu ba da labari == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Saki == An saki Trailer na hukuma don fim din a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2019 kuma an gudanar da nuna hotunan manema labarai a Legas a ranar 12 ga Satumba 2019. Three Thieves ya fara ne a Genesis Cinemas, Oniru a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2019, tare da baƙi kamar [[Frank Donga]] da [[Lasisi Elenu]], kuma an saka shi a cikin fina-finai a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2019 . == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == ''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku'' sun sami bita daga masu sukar. A cewar Precious of MamaZeus: "Idan za ku taɓa yin hukunci da wani abu ta hanyar murfinsa ko a wannan yanayin, tirela.... tsaya! Biye da waɗannan matakai kamar yadda ''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku'' ba su da yawa a Nollywood".Tha Revue ya yaba da samar da fim da fim wanda ya ba masu sauraro kwarewar kallo mai kyau. Ya kuma nuna ilmin sunadarai dan wasan kwaikwayo tsakanin manyan haruffa uku Koye, Shawn da Frank. Ifeoma Okeke na Kasuwancin, Kasuwanci Najeriya ya ce wannan yayin da fim din ke gabatowa: "Yayin da fina-finai na Najeriya ke samun karbuwa a duniya, finafina,fallace kaɗan ne kawai ke da cakuda ban dariya, kamawa kowace rana kuma duk da haka ba su rasa iko kan darussan ɗabi'a ba. Ɗaya daga cikin fina-falan su ne ''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku'', wanda zai fito a cikin fina-fukuna a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2019. "Osa Amadi na Vanguard ya rubuta cewa: "Aiki ne mai ban sha'awa na wasan kwaikwayo ,tare da niyyar kiyaye haƙarƙarin masu sauraro ,suna fashewa da dariya daga farko zuwa ƙarshe, kuma ya yi nasara a wannan manufar har ma da ƙari. " == Godiya gaisuwa == {| class="wikitable" !Ranar !Bikin |- |18 ga Satumba 2020 |Bikin Fim na Nollywood na Duniya na Toronto <ref>{{Cite web |title=TINFF 2020 AWARDS NOMINEES / OFFICIAL SELECTION |url=https://www.tinff.net/news/ |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=TINFF}}</ref> |- |9 ga Oktoba 2020 |Bikin Fim na Silicon Valley na Afirka<ref>{{Cite web |title=11th Annual Silicon Valley African Film Festival! |url=https://svaff.org/annual-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=SVAFF}}</ref> |- |6 ga Disamba 2020 |Bikin Fim na Afirka na New York <ref>{{Cite web |title=New York African Film Festival |url=https://africanfilmny.org/event/three-thieves/ |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=AfricanFilmNY}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%" |+Jerin nadin lambar yabo !Kyautar !Sashe !Masu karɓa da waɗanda aka zaba !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] (2020 Kyautar Zaɓi na Masu Binciken Afirka) <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMVCA Nominees |url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/show/amvca/nominees |access-date=26 January 2021 |publisher=Africa Magic}}</ref> <br /> |Editan Sauti mafi kyau |Michael "Gaskiya" Ogunlade| {{Nom}} |- |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2019|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2019]] <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}tree..📢 Har yanzu kana wahalar neman aiki, damar NGO, tallafi (Grant) ko gurbin karatu (Scholarship)? Ka daina bata lokaci kana ta bincike ba tare da tsari ba. Ga wasu daga cikin shafukan yanar gizo mafi aminci da ake samun: ✅ Ayyukan yi (Jobs) ✅ Damar aiki a kungiyoyin NGO ✅ Tallafin bincike da kasuwanci (Grants) ✅ Guraben karatu (Scholarships) 👇 Na tattaro maka wasu daga cikin mafi inganci kuma amintattun shafukan da za su taimaka maka samun waɗannan damarmaki. Ka ajiye wannan post ɗin (Save) domin zai amfane ka a gaba, sannan ka yi sharing ga abokai da 'yan uwa domin su ma su ci gajiyar wannan bayanin. 👇 Jerin shafukan na ƙasa a comments. == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://threethievesmovie.com/}} * {{IMDb title|11133472}} nxb8lsdju4p97xxp5z54wevkzy7rb70 887953 887852 2026-07-27T04:57:50Z Mahuta 11340 887953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Three Thieves fim ne mai ban dariya na Najeriya na 2019 wanda [[Udoka Oyeka]] ya jagoranta, wanda Egbemawei Sammy, Abba Makama da Africa Ukoh suka rubuta, kuma Trino Motion Pictures ne suka samar da shi. An sake shi a cikin fina-finai a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2019. == Makirci == Saboda wani lamari na kuskuren an yi kwangila da abokai uku da ba su gamsu ba don yin sata mai sauƙi. Har ma mafi muni, mutumin da aka yi kwangila da shi don aikin yana neman su. Abubuwa sun bayyana kuma suna iya ƙara satar mutane zuwa jerin laifukan da suke aikata. Tare da karkatarwa mai ban dariya ga duka, abin mamaki ne yadda suka ƙare a matsayin jarumawa na rana. == Masu ba da labari == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Saki == An saki Trailer na hukuma don fim din a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2019 kuma an gudanar da nuna hotunan manema labarai a Legas a ranar 12 ga Satumba 2019. Three Thieves ya fara ne a Genesis Cinemas, Oniru a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2019, tare da baƙi kamar [[Frank Donga]] da [[Lasisi Elenu]], kuma an saka shi a cikin fina-finai a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2019 . == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == ''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku'' sun sami bita daga masu sukar. A cewar Precious of MamaZeus: "Idan za ku taɓa yin hukunci da wani abu ta hanyar murfinsa ko a wannan yanayin, tirela.... tsaya! Biye da waɗannan matakai kamar yadda ''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku'' ba su da yawa a Nollywood".Tha Revue ya yaba da samar da fim da fim wanda ya ba masu sauraro kwarewar kallo mai kyau. Ya kuma nuna ilmin sunadarai dan wasan kwaikwayo tsakanin manyan haruffa uku Koye, Shawn da Frank. Ifeoma Okeke na Kasuwancin, Kasuwanci Najeriya ya ce wannan yayin da fim din ke gabatowa: "Yayin da fina-finai na Najeriya ke samun karbuwa a duniya, finafina,fallace kaɗan ne kawai ke da cakuda ban dariya, kamawa kowace rana kuma duk da haka ba su rasa iko kan darussan ɗabi'a ba. Ɗaya daga cikin fina-falan su ne ''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku'', wanda zai fito a cikin fina-fukuna a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2019. "Osa Amadi na Vanguard ya rubuta cewa: "Aiki ne mai ban sha'awa na wasan kwaikwayo ,tare da niyyar kiyaye haƙarƙarin masu sauraro ,suna fashewa da dariya daga farko zuwa ƙarshe, kuma ya yi nasara a wannan manufar har ma da ƙari. " == Godiya gaisuwa == {| class="wikitable" !Ranar !Bikin |- |18 ga Satumba 2020 |Bikin Fim na Nollywood na Duniya na Toronto <ref>{{Cite web |title=TINFF 2020 AWARDS NOMINEES / OFFICIAL SELECTION |url=https://www.tinff.net/news/ |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=TINFF}}</ref> |- |9 ga Oktoba 2020 |Bikin Fim na Silicon Valley na Afirka<ref>{{Cite web |title=11th Annual Silicon Valley African Film Festival! |url=https://svaff.org/annual-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=SVAFF}}</ref> |- |6 ga Disamba 2020 |Bikin Fim na Afirka na New York <ref>{{Cite web |title=New York African Film Festival |url=https://africanfilmny.org/event/three-thieves/ |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=AfricanFilmNY}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%" |+Jerin nadin lambar yabo !Kyautar !Sashe !Masu karɓa da waɗanda aka zaba !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] (2020 Kyautar Zaɓi na Masu Binciken Afirka) <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMVCA Nominees |url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/show/amvca/nominees |access-date=26 January 2021 |publisher=Africa Magic}}</ref> <br /> |Editan Sauti mafi kyau |Michael "Gaskiya" Ogunlade| {{Nom}} |- |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2019|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2019]] <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}tree..📢 Har yanzu kana wahalar neman aiki, damar NGO, tallafi (Grant) ko gurbin karatu (Scholarship)? Ka daina bata lokaci kana ta bincike ba tare da tsari ba. Ga wasu daga cikin shafukan yanar gizo mafi aminci da ake samun: ✅ Ayyukan yi (Jobs) ✅ Damar aiki a kungiyoyin NGO ✅ Tallafin bincike da kasuwanci (Grants) ✅ Guraben karatu (Scholarships) 👇 Na tattaro maka wasu daga cikin mafi inganci kuma amintattun shafukan da za su taimaka maka samun waɗannan damarmaki. Ka ajiye wannan post ɗin (Save) domin zai amfane ka a gaba, sannan ka yi sharing ga abokai da 'yan uwa domin su ma su ci gajiyar wannan bayanin. 👇 Jerin shafukan na ƙasa a comments. == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://threethievesmovie.com/}} * {{IMDb title|11133472}} agtguafuoi9w0f9p4rtm8184hu05fcu 887954 887953 2026-07-27T04:58:21Z Mahuta 11340 /* Masu ba da labari */ 887954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Three Thieves fim ne mai ban dariya na Najeriya na 2019 wanda [[Udoka Oyeka]] ya jagoranta, wanda Egbemawei Sammy, Abba Makama da Africa Ukoh suka rubuta, kuma Trino Motion Pictures ne suka samar da shi. An sake shi a cikin fina-finai a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2019. == Makirci == Saboda wani lamari na kuskuren an yi kwangila da abokai uku da ba su gamsu ba don yin sata mai sauƙi. Har ma mafi muni, mutumin da aka yi kwangila da shi don aikin yana neman su. Abubuwa sun bayyana kuma suna iya ƙara satar mutane zuwa jerin laifukan da suke aikata. Tare da karkatarwa mai ban dariya ga duka, abin mamaki ne yadda suka ƙare a matsayin jarumawa na rana. == Masu ba da labari == == Saki == An saki Trailer na hukuma don fim din a ranar 10 ga Satumba 2019 kuma an gudanar da nuna hotunan manema labarai a Legas a ranar 12 ga Satumba 2019. Three Thieves ya fara ne a Genesis Cinemas, Oniru a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2019, tare da baƙi kamar [[Frank Donga]] da [[Lasisi Elenu]], kuma an saka shi a cikin fina-finai a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2019 . == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == ''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku'' sun sami bita daga masu sukar. A cewar Precious of MamaZeus: "Idan za ku taɓa yin hukunci da wani abu ta hanyar murfinsa ko a wannan yanayin, tirela.... tsaya! Biye da waɗannan matakai kamar yadda ''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku'' ba su da yawa a Nollywood".Tha Revue ya yaba da samar da fim da fim wanda ya ba masu sauraro kwarewar kallo mai kyau. Ya kuma nuna ilmin sunadarai dan wasan kwaikwayo tsakanin manyan haruffa uku Koye, Shawn da Frank. Ifeoma Okeke na Kasuwancin, Kasuwanci Najeriya ya ce wannan yayin da fim din ke gabatowa: "Yayin da fina-finai na Najeriya ke samun karbuwa a duniya, finafina,fallace kaɗan ne kawai ke da cakuda ban dariya, kamawa kowace rana kuma duk da haka ba su rasa iko kan darussan ɗabi'a ba. Ɗaya daga cikin fina-falan su ne ''<nowiki/>'Yan fashi Uku'', wanda zai fito a cikin fina-fukuna a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2019. "Osa Amadi na Vanguard ya rubuta cewa: "Aiki ne mai ban sha'awa na wasan kwaikwayo ,tare da niyyar kiyaye haƙarƙarin masu sauraro ,suna fashewa da dariya daga farko zuwa ƙarshe, kuma ya yi nasara a wannan manufar har ma da ƙari. " == Godiya gaisuwa == {| class="wikitable" !Ranar !Bikin |- |18 ga Satumba 2020 |Bikin Fim na Nollywood na Duniya na Toronto <ref>{{Cite web |title=TINFF 2020 AWARDS NOMINEES / OFFICIAL SELECTION |url=https://www.tinff.net/news/ |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=TINFF}}</ref> |- |9 ga Oktoba 2020 |Bikin Fim na Silicon Valley na Afirka<ref>{{Cite web |title=11th Annual Silicon Valley African Film Festival! |url=https://svaff.org/annual-film-festival/ |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=SVAFF}}</ref> |- |6 ga Disamba 2020 |Bikin Fim na Afirka na New York <ref>{{Cite web |title=New York African Film Festival |url=https://africanfilmny.org/event/three-thieves/ |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=AfricanFilmNY}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%" |+Jerin nadin lambar yabo !Kyautar !Sashe !Masu karɓa da waɗanda aka zaba !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] (2020 Kyautar Zaɓi na Masu Binciken Afirka) <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMVCA Nominees |url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/show/amvca/nominees |access-date=26 January 2021 |publisher=Africa Magic}}</ref> <br /> |Editan Sauti mafi kyau |Michael "Gaskiya" Ogunlade| {{Nom}} |- |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2019|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2019]] <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}tree..📢 Har yanzu kana wahalar neman aiki, damar NGO, tallafi (Grant) ko gurbin karatu (Scholarship)? Ka daina bata lokaci kana ta bincike ba tare da tsari ba. Ga wasu daga cikin shafukan yanar gizo mafi aminci da ake samun: ✅ Ayyukan yi (Jobs) ✅ Damar aiki a kungiyoyin NGO ✅ Tallafin bincike da kasuwanci (Grants) ✅ Guraben karatu (Scholarships) 👇 Na tattaro maka wasu daga cikin mafi inganci kuma amintattun shafukan da za su taimaka maka samun waɗannan damarmaki. Ka ajiye wannan post ɗin (Save) domin zai amfane ka a gaba, sannan ka yi sharing ga abokai da 'yan uwa domin su ma su ci gajiyar wannan bayanin. 👇 Jerin shafukan na ƙasa a comments. == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://threethievesmovie.com/}} * {{IMDb title|11133472}} mcs9tbqe8sl2sjgxrcxgrj9aq4q7ly8 0 69640 887989 374929 2026-07-27T08:07:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887989 wikitext text/x-wiki Lost in London fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda akai a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha bakwai 2017 wanda Sunkanmi Adebayo <ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-07-18|title=Ime Bishop Umoh returns as Okon in new sequel|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lost-in-london-ime-bishop-umoh-returns-as-okon-in-new-sequel/19fbrnj|access-date=2020-10-07|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010080400/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lost-in-london-ime-bishop-umoh-returns-as-okon-in-new-sequel/19fbrnj|url-status=dead}}</ref> ya jagoranta kuma Uduak Isong Oguamanam ya rubuta shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin Okon. fim ɗin Ime Bishop Umoh, [[Yul Edochie|Alexx Ekubo]], Ella Bates, da Khafi Kareem . An sake shi a ranar 9 ga watan Yuni na shekara ta dubu biyu da sha bakwai 2017 kuma an fara shi a [[Netflix]] a cikin 2019. [1] == Labarin fim == fim din kewaye da Okon da Boma wadanda matasa ne dalibai da aka zaba don shirin musayar a [[Landan]] da kuma yunkurin su na samun fam kafin su koma Najeriya sun bar su da abubuwan ban sha'awa da gamuwa. == Ƴan wasa == * [[Yul Edochie|Alexx Ekubo]] a matsayin Bonaventure * Ime Bishop Umoh a matsayin Okon * Kia Nolan a matsayin Angie * Khafi Kareem a matsayin Abimbola (Dubar da taksi) * Peter Coe a matsayin Manajan Gidan Gida * Ella Bates a matsayin Christine * Bentley Aghazie a matsayin Wakilin Ben == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qybguyvpqlmfxk9lkgkn3lpzpastfpv 0 70066 887944 377017 2026-07-27T03:33:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Les beaux jours de Shehrazade''''' ([[Turanci]]: ''The Beautiful Days of Sheherazade'', [[Larabci]]: ''Ayyaam Chahrazad al-Hilwa'') fim ɗin Moroko ne da aka shirya shi a shekarar 1982 wanda Mostafa Derkaoui ya jagoranta kuma ya bada umarni.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africiné - Beaux jours de Shéhérazade (Les)|url=http://www.africine.org/index.php/film/beaux-jours-de-sheherazade-les/4217|access-date=2021-11-20|website=Africiné|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Armes|first=Roy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88sTRTl6yKwC&dq=Les+Beaux+jours+de+Chahrazade+derkaoui&pg=PA274|title=Dictionary of African Filmmakers|date=2008|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-35116-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Leaman|first=Oliver|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X6-EAgAAQBAJ&dq=Les+Beaux+jours+de+Chahrazade+derkaoui&pg=PT683|title=Companion Encyclopedia of Middle Eastern and North African Film|date=2003-12-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-66251-7|language=en}}</ref> An nuna shi a bikin nuna fina-finai na ƙasar Morocco karo na ɗaya da aka gudanar a Rabat.<ref>{{Cite web|title=jurynat7|url=https://www.ccm.ma/festfr/filmnat1.html|access-date=2021-11-20|website=www.ccm.ma|archive-date=2024-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220090412/https://www.ccm.ma/festfr/filmnat1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Takaitaccen bayani == Kungiyar masu shirya fina-finai na fuskantar kalubale na zaɓar wani batu da za a yi fim. Bayan doguwar tattaunawa, sai suka gama sasantawa da labarin wani mawakin cabaret.<ref>{{Cite web|title=:: CENTRE CINEMATOGRAPHIQUE MAROCAIN ::|url=https://www.ccm.ma/en/fiche_film-95|access-date=2021-11-20|website=www.ccm.ma}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Armes|first=Roy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3E_tmPLCUAC&dq=Les+beaux+jours+de+Chahrazade&pg=PA44|title=Postcolonial Images: Studies in North African Film|date=2005|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-21744-8|language=en}}</ref> == 'Yan wasa == * Abdulwahab Doukali * Naima Lamcharki * Mariam Fakhr Eddine * Farid Belkahia == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] hkbchk762re9et0uyt7xwlop2xkjttl 0 70774 888070 420930 2026-07-27T10:09:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Lusala''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Kenya na 2019 wanda Silas Miami, Wanjeri Gakuru da Oprah Oyugi suka rubuta, kuma Mugambi Nthiga ne ya ba da umarni a karon farko na darakta. Tauraron fim din Brian Ogola, Alyce Wangari, Stycie Waweru, [[Mkamzee Mwatela]] da Alan Oyugi a cikin manyan matsayi. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga rayuwar wani saurayi mai shekaru 22 Lusala, wanda aka kama tsakanin matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwarsa da ƙaunar ɗan'uwansa. Fim din fara fitowa a Kenya a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2019 a lokacin bikin fina-finai na NBO kuma an nuna shi a wasu bukukuwan fina-fakka na kasa da kasa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=NBO Film Festival returns to bring the Kenyan audience a selection of Afro-Caribean &#91;sic&#93; films and more - The Sauce|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/nbo-film-festival-is-back-and-is-set-to-bring-afro-caribean-films/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=www.capitalfm.co.ke|archive-date=2023-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011043504/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/nbo-film-festival-is-back-and-is-set-to-bring-afro-caribean-films/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ƴan wasa == * Brian Ogola a matsayin Lusala * Alyce Wangari a matsayin Joma * Stycie Waweru a matsayin Bakhita * [[Mkamzee Mwatela]] a matsayin Beatrice * Alan Oyugi a matsayin Onesmus * Eddy Kimani a matsayin Max * Charlie Karumi a matsayin mai daukar hoto * [[Nice Githinji|Githinji mai kyau]] * Gitura Kamau a matsayin mai tuhuma == Bayani game da shi == Lusala, wani saurayi wanda aka ceto daga mahaifinsa mai shaye-shaye kuma ya koma tare da dangi mai arziki a babban birnin Kenya, [[Nairobi]]. Kakansa Onesmus da kawunsa Beatrice sun karbe shi daga yankunan karkara na Kenya kimanin shekaru goma sha biyu da suka gabata. Sun yi renonsa tare da 'yarsu guda Joma. Da zarar Beatrice ta fahimci ƙaunar 'yar'uwar Lusala ga Joma, sai ta nemi mijinta ya jagoranta Lusala don fara rayuwa da kansa. Ba da daɗewa ba Lusala ya sami aiki kuma ya koma wani gida a Nairobi kusa da wurin aikinsa tare da taimakon kawunsa. Abubuwa sun juya sauri yayin da ƙanwar Lusala Bakhita wacce ke cikin makarantar kwana ta ƙidaya filin da Lusala ke zaune.<ref>{{Citation|title=Lusala|url=https://mubi.com/films/lusala|language=en-US|access-date=2020-12-24}}</ref> == Fitarwa == Daraktan fim din fara zama darektan ta hanyar wannan aikin, ya koma Kenya bayan ya shiga Film Academy Baden-Württemberg na ɗan gajeren lokaci na watanni biyar. Kamfanin samar fina-finai na Jamus One Fine Day Films da Ginger Ink Films Africa ne suka hada kai.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOVIES|url=https://www.onefinedayfilms.com/movies|access-date=2020-12-24|website=onefinedayfilms|language=de}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Tarayyar Jamus ta Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban ta kuma ba da kuɗin aikin. == Saki == fara fitar da fim din ne a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2019 a karo na 3 na bikin fina-finai na Nairobi kuma an buɗe shi ga bita mai kyau daga masu sukar. An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin don a fara nuna shi a wasu bukukuwan fina-finai. kuma gabatar da shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Rotterdam a ranar 27 ga watan Janairun 2020 kuma an gabatar da shi ne a bikin fina'a na Göteborg a [[Sweden]] a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu 2020. kuma nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na Toronto Black Film Festival a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2020 kuma an zaba shi don a fara gabatar da shi a bikin fim na Montreal International Black Film Festival da aka yi a watan Satumbar 2020. kuma nuna fim din a bikin fina-finai na Durban na shekarar 2020. kuma watsa shi ta hanyar Showmax a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chege|first=Kimani|date=2020-12-17|title=Kenyan film Lusala debuts on Showmax today|url=https://the254hub.com/2020/12/17/kenyan-film-lusala-debuts-on-showmax-this-today/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=The254Hub|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027111854/https://the254hub.com/2020/12/17/kenyan-film-lusala-debuts-on-showmax-this-today/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2021-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027111854/https://the254hub.com/2020/12/17/kenyan-film-lusala-debuts-on-showmax-this-today/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenyan film 'Lusala' coming to Showmax on Thursday|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/entertainment/2020-12-16-kenyan-film-lusala-coming-to-showmax-on-thursday/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=The Star|language=en-KE}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == Fim din ya kuma sami kyaututtuka da gabatarwa da yawa a bukukuwan fina-finai na kasa da kasa. watan Nuwamba 2020, fim din ya lashe kyautar Rimbaud a bikin Les Rimbaud du Cinéma wanda aka gudanar a mafi tsufa a duniya a [[Faransa]]. {| class="wikitable" width="60%" ! style="width:10pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Shekara ! style="width:100pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Kyautar ! style="width:40pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Sashe ! style="width:50pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Sakamakon |- | rowspan="2" |2019 | rowspan="2" |Kyautar Kalasha |Fim mafi Kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="1" |2020 | rowspan="1" |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="1" |2020 | rowspan="1" |Rimbaud na Cinema |Kyautar Rimbaud| {{Won}} |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * LusalaaIMDb 3iyjm4konnrjop7k5plle1z4r4wcse4 0 71822 887690 871240 2026-07-26T13:31:33Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342698582|Charles Uwagbai]]" 887690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Uwagbai''' ɗan fim ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|ɗan Najeriya]] -Kanada <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Uwagbai |url=https://www.directors.ca/directors/charles-uwagbai |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=Directors.ca |language=en}}</ref> . Ya fito ne daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]] da ke kudancin Najeriya. Uwagbai kuma furodusa ne kuma darakta a fannin watsa labarai. Yana da ƙwarewa a fannin samar da labarai, gyarawa, ba da umarni, da kuma zane-zane. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da tallace-tallacen talabijin/rediyo, shirye-shiryen fina-finai, shirye-shiryen gaskiya da fina-finai, da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE INLAWS |url=https://filmfreeway.com/941583 |website=FilmFreeway}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ktmg9cw3299mre8o38uee2z31z51nsz 887692 887690 2026-07-26T13:31:47Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342698582|Charles Uwagbai]]" 887692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Uwagbai''' ɗan fim ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|ɗan Najeriya]] -Kanada <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Uwagbai |url=https://www.directors.ca/directors/charles-uwagbai |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=Directors.ca |language=en}}</ref> . Ya fito ne daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]] da ke kudancin Najeriya. Uwagbai kuma furodusa ne kuma darakta a fannin watsa labarai. Yana da ƙwarewa a fannin samar da labarai, gyarawa, ba da umarni, da kuma zane-zane. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da tallace-tallacen talabijin/rediyo, shirye-shiryen fina-finai, shirye-shiryen gaskiya da fina-finai, da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE INLAWS |url=https://filmfreeway.com/941583 |website=FilmFreeway}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hadunwbsqko85hoyz7oh2mk8v7jahwh 887693 887692 2026-07-26T13:32:01Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342698582|Charles Uwagbai]]" 887693 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Uwagbai''' ɗan fim ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|ɗan Najeriya]] -Kanada <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Uwagbai |url=https://www.directors.ca/directors/charles-uwagbai |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=Directors.ca |language=en}}</ref> . Ya fito ne daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]] da ke kudancin Najeriya. Uwagbai kuma furodusa ne kuma darakta a fannin watsa labarai. Yana da ƙwarewa a fannin samar da labarai, gyarawa, ba da umarni, da kuma zane-zane. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da tallace-tallacen talabijin/rediyo, shirye-shiryen fina-finai, shirye-shiryen gaskiya da fina-finai, da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE INLAWS |url=https://filmfreeway.com/941583 |website=FilmFreeway}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Uwagbai ɗan asalin Edo ne wanda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin injiniya daga [[Jami'ar jihar Ekiti|Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti]] . Ya yi rajista a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York kuma ya yi horo a ƙarƙashin daraktoci kamar Andy Amenechi da Alex Mouth. Ya fara aikinsa da zane-zanen motsi da zane-zanen motsi amma tun daga lokacin ya koma yin wasu fina-finan Nollywood kamar ''Black Silhouette'', ''Breathless'', ''[[The ghost and the tout|The Ghost and the Tout]]'', da ''Kondo Games'' . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 96i3gozun4usvmh0btiohlosukxweos 887694 887693 2026-07-26T13:32:19Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342698582|Charles Uwagbai]]" 887694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Uwagbai''' ɗan fim ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|ɗan Najeriya]] -Kanada <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Uwagbai |url=https://www.directors.ca/directors/charles-uwagbai |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=Directors.ca |language=en}}</ref> . Ya fito ne daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]] da ke kudancin Najeriya. Uwagbai kuma furodusa ne kuma darakta a fannin watsa labarai. Yana da ƙwarewa a fannin samar da labarai, gyarawa, ba da umarni, da kuma zane-zane. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da tallace-tallacen talabijin/rediyo, shirye-shiryen fina-finai, shirye-shiryen gaskiya da fina-finai, da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE INLAWS |url=https://filmfreeway.com/941583 |website=FilmFreeway}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Uwagbai ɗan asalin Edo ne wanda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin injiniya daga [[Jami'ar jihar Ekiti|Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti]] . Ya yi rajista a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York kuma ya yi horo a ƙarƙashin daraktoci kamar Andy Amenechi da Alex Mouth. Ya fara aikinsa da zane-zanen motsi da zane-zanen motsi amma tun daga lokacin ya koma yin wasu fina-finan Nollywood kamar ''Black Silhouette'', ''Breathless'', ''[[The ghost and the tout|The Ghost and the Tout]]'', da ''Kondo Games'' . == Sana'a == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nmnz4hvou4jsehyzhzi6lad3nu0xseg 887696 887694 2026-07-26T13:33:09Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342698582|Charles Uwagbai]]" 887696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Uwagbai''' ɗan fim ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|ɗan Najeriya]] -Kanada <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Uwagbai |url=https://www.directors.ca/directors/charles-uwagbai |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=Directors.ca |language=en}}</ref> . Ya fito ne daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]] da ke kudancin Najeriya. Uwagbai kuma furodusa ne kuma darakta a fannin watsa labarai. Yana da ƙwarewa a fannin samar da labarai, gyarawa, ba da umarni, da kuma zane-zane. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da tallace-tallacen talabijin/rediyo, shirye-shiryen fina-finai, shirye-shiryen gaskiya da fina-finai, da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE INLAWS |url=https://filmfreeway.com/941583 |website=FilmFreeway}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Uwagbai ɗan asalin Edo ne wanda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin injiniya daga [[Jami'ar jihar Ekiti|Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti]] . Ya yi rajista a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York kuma ya yi horo a ƙarƙashin daraktoci kamar Andy Amenechi da Alex Mouth. Ya fara aikinsa da zane-zanen motsi da zane-zanen motsi amma tun daga lokacin ya koma yin wasu fina-finan Nollywood kamar ''Black Silhouette'', ''Breathless'', ''[[The ghost and the tout|The Ghost and the Tout]]'', da ''Kondo Games'' . == Sana'a == Uwagbai ya yi fim ɗinsa na farko mai suna ''Okoro, the Prince'' a shekarar 2010. Fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin jarumai kamar marigayi [[Sam Loco Efe|Sam Loco]] da [[Alex Usifo|Alex Osifo]] . Kafin lokacin, yana cikin wasu ayyuka da fina-finai. <ref name="premiumtimesng.com" /> Ya fara a masana'antar kiɗa, kuma ya ɗauki bidiyon kiɗa da tallace-tallacen talabijin kafin ya fara shiga [[Nollywood]] . <ref name="premiumtimesng.com" /> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Okoro Yarima'' - Darakta, 2013 * ''Ba tare da numfashi ba'' - Darakta, 2015 * ''[[The Black Silhouette|Baƙar Silhouette]]'' - Darakta, 2015 * ''[[Brother Jekwu|Ɗan'uwa Jekwu]]'' - Darakta, 2016 * ''Yankin Abokai'' - Darakta, 2017 * ''Esohe'' - Darakta, 2017 * ''An Kore Shi'' - Darakta, 2017 * ''Zazzabin Landan'' - Darakta, 2017 * ''Suruka'' - Darakta, 2017 * ''Nwanyioma'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Ba Naka Ba Ne'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Abin da Ya Faru Yanzu'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''[[Mai wanki|Mai Wanka]]'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Akunne'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Tailor My Heart'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Yarinya Mai Karewa'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''[[The ghost and the tout|Fatalwa da Tout]]'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Har Abada Da Rana'' - Darakta, 2019 * ''Ma'auratan Afirka'' (Jerin Talabijin) - Darakta, 2019 * ''Sa'a'' - Darakta, 2019 * ''Ɗan'uwa'' - Darakta, 2019 * ''Entangle'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Sarauniyarsa'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Nkem'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Labari daga Zazu'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Gaskiyar Hangen Nesa'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Sanarwa ta Barin Aiki'' - Darakta, 2021 * ''Matsalar Jijiyoyi'' - Darakta, 2021 * ''[[Charlie Charlie (fim)|Charlie Charlie]]'' - Darakta, 2021 * ''Ƙaramin Abu'' - Darakta, 2021 * ''Bata'' - Darakta, 2021 * ''Blood of Enogie'' (Jerin Talabijin) - Darakta, 2021 * ''Cikin Hanyar Soyayya'' - Darakta, 2022 * ''Neman Ta'aziyya'' - Darakta, 2022 * ''Mala'ikan Shaidan'' - Darakta, 2022 * ''Shahararriyar Masoya'' - Darakta, 2022 * ''Kyakkyawar Jahilci'' - Darakta, 2022 * ''Rabin 'Yan'uwa'' - Darakta, 2023 * ''The Thorn'' - Darakta, 2023 * ''Kai kaɗai'' - Darakta, 2023 * ''Mai Tsarki Mai Taurin Kai (mutum zai iya sata Allah)**'' - Darakta, 2023 * ''Neman Odera'' - Darakta, 2023 * ''[[The Wall Street Boy|Ɗan Jaridar Wall Street]] (Kipkemboi)'' - Darakta, 2023 [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] e4crmdnvnyvcq0y5j1nwlle5vqwtz4u 887699 887696 2026-07-26T13:35:20Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 887699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Uwagbai''' ɗan fim ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|ɗan Najeriya]] -Kanada <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Uwagbai |url=https://www.directors.ca/directors/charles-uwagbai |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=Directors.ca |language=en}}</ref> . Ya fito ne daga [[Edo|jihar Edo]] da ke kudancin Najeriya. Uwagbai kuma furodusa ne kuma darakta a fannin watsa labarai. Yana da ƙwarewa a fannin samar da labarai, gyarawa, ba da umarni, da kuma zane-zane. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da tallace-tallacen talabijin/rediyo, shirye-shiryen fina-finai, shirye-shiryen gaskiya da fina-finai, da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE INLAWS |url=https://filmfreeway.com/941583 |website=FilmFreeway}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Uwagbai ɗan asalin Edo ne wanda ya kammala karatunsa a fannin injiniya daga [[Jami'ar jihar Ekiti|Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti]] . Ya yi rajista a Kwalejin Fina-finai ta New York kuma ya yi horo a ƙarƙashin daraktoci kamar Andy Amenechi da Alex Mouth. Ya fara aikinsa da zane-zanen motsi da zane-zanen motsi amma tun daga lokacin ya koma yin wasu fina-finan Nollywood kamar ''Black Silhouette'', ''Breathless'', ''[[The ghost and the tout|The Ghost and the Tout]]'', da ''Kondo Games'' . == Sana'a == Uwagbai ya yi fim ɗinsa na farko mai suna ''Okoro, the Prince'' a shekarar 2010. Fim ɗin ya fito a matsayin jarumai kamar marigayi [[Sam Loco Efe|Sam Loco]] da [[Alex Usifo|Alex Osifo]] . Kafin lokacin, yana cikin wasu ayyuka da fina-finai. <ref name="premiumtimesng.com" /> Ya fara a masana'antar kiɗa, kuma ya ɗauki bidiyon kiɗa da tallace-tallacen talabijin kafin ya fara shiga [[Nollywood]] . <ref name="premiumtimesng.com" /> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Okoro Yarima'' - Darakta, 2013 * ''Ba tare da numfashi ba'' - Darakta, 2015 * ''[[The Black Silhouette|Baƙar Silhouette]]'' - Darakta, 2015 * ''[[Brother Jekwu|Ɗan'uwa Jekwu]]'' - Darakta, 2016 * ''Yankin Abokai'' - Darakta, 2017 * ''Esohe'' - Darakta, 2017 * ''An Kore Shi'' - Darakta, 2017 * ''Zazzabin Landan'' - Darakta, 2017 * ''Suruka'' - Darakta, 2017 * ''Nwanyioma'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Ba Naka Ba Ne'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Abin da Ya Faru Yanzu'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''[[Mai wanki|Mai Wanka]]'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Akunne'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Tailor My Heart'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Yarinya Mai Karewa'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''[[The ghost and the tout|Fatalwa da Tout]]'' - Darakta, 2018 * ''Har Abada Da Rana'' - Darakta, 2019 * ''Ma'auratan Afirka'' (Jerin Talabijin) - Darakta, 2019 * ''Sa'a'' - Darakta, 2019 * ''Ɗan'uwa'' - Darakta, 2019 * ''Entangle'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Sarauniyarsa'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Nkem'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Labari daga Zazu'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Gaskiyar Hangen Nesa'' - Darakta, 2020 * ''Sanarwa ta Barin Aiki'' - Darakta, 2021 * ''Matsalar Jijiyoyi'' - Darakta, 2021 * ''[[Charlie Charlie (fim)|Charlie Charlie]]'' - Darakta, 2021 * ''Ƙaramin Abu'' - Darakta, 2021 * ''Bata'' - Darakta, 2021 * ''Blood of Enogie'' (Jerin Talabijin) - Darakta, 2021 * ''Cikin Hanyar Soyayya'' - Darakta, 2022 * ''Neman Ta'aziyya'' - Darakta, 2022 * ''Mala'ikan Shaidan'' - Darakta, 2022 * ''Shahararriyar Masoya'' - Darakta, 2022 * ''Kyakkyawar Jahilci'' - Darakta, 2022 * ''Rabin 'Yan'uwa'' - Darakta, 2023 * ''The Thorn'' - Darakta, 2023 * ''Kai kaɗai'' - Darakta, 2023 * ''Mai Tsarki Mai Taurin Kai (mutum zai iya sata Allah)**'' - Darakta, 2023 * ''Neman Odera'' - Darakta, 2023 * ''[[The Wall Street Boy|Ɗan Jaridar Wall Street]] (Kipkemboi)'' - Darakta, 2023 [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta 58srqx5hqyymighqki8c4hx5bf0ztpy 0 72002 887972 881280 2026-07-27T06:13:27Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Papierosa 1 ubt 0069.jpeg|thumb|sigari]] '''Kashe shan taba''', yawanci ana kiransa '''daina shan taba''' ko '''daina shan taba''', shi ne tsarin daina [[shan taba]] . Shan taba yana dauke da nicotine, wanda ke [[Addiction|da haɗari]] kuma yana iya haifar da dogaro .<ref>https://lccn.loc.gov/00244999</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220525083936/https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024422/https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/</ref> A sakamakon haka, cirewar nicotine sau da yawa yana sa tsarin barin ke da wahala. [[Fayil:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|sigari Wanda aka kashe]] A cewar CDC, Kimanin mutane miliyan 8 ne ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da sigari a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da wani nauyi na tattalin arziki na dala tiriliyan 1.4 a ma'aunin duniya a kowace shekara<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/index.htm</ref>. Shan taba sigari shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa da ake iya hanawa da kuma damuwar lafiyar jama'a a duniya.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207276270</ref>Yin amfani da taba yana haifar da mafi yawan cututtuka da ke shafar zuciya da huhu, tare da shan taba yana zama babban haɗari ga [[ciwon zuciya]],[[bugun jini]], [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtuka na huhu na huhu]] (COPD), Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), emphysema, da nau'i daban-daban da nau'in [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] (musamman [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|ciwon huhu na huhu]], ciwon daji na oropharynx, larynx, da [[Ciwon Daji Na Baka|baki]], ciwon daji na esophageal da [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|pancreatic cancer]] ). Rashin shan taba yana da matukar muhimmanci yana rage haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan taba. Hadarin bugun zuciya a cikin mai shan taba yana raguwa da 50% bayan shekara 1 na dainawa. Hakazalaka hadrine galftn cutar kansar huhu yana raguwa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 10 na dainawa Daga 2001 zuwa 2010, kusan kashi 70% na masu shan taba a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun nuna sha'awar daina shan taba, kuma 50% sun ruwaito cewa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin hakan a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da dabaru da yawa don dakatar da shan taba, gami da dainawa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da taimako ba (" Turkey mai sanyi "), yankewa sannan barin, shawarwarin ɗabi'a, da magunguna kamar bupropion, cytisine, maye gurbin nicotine, ko varenicline. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]], yawancin masu shan taba sun canza zuwa amfani da sigari na lantarki don daina shan taba. Koyaya, binciken 2022 ya gano cewa kashi 20% na masu shan sigari waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin amfani da sigari e-cigare don daina shan taba sun yi nasara amma 66% daga cikinsu sun ƙare a matsayin masu amfani da sigari da samfuran vape guda ɗaya shekara guda. Yawancin masu shan taba da suke ƙoƙarin dainawa suna yin hakan ba tare da taimako ba. Koyaya, kawai 3-6% na yunƙurin barin ƙoƙarin ba tare da taimako ba suna samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Shawarwari na dabi'a da magunguna kowanne yana ƙara yawan nasarar barin shan taba, da kuma haɗuwa da shawarwarin hali tare da magani irin su bupropion ya fi tasiri fiye da ko dai shi kadai. A meta-bincike daga 2018, gudanar a kan 61 bazuwar gwajin gwaji, ya nuna cewa a cikin mutanen da suka daina shan taba tare da wani daina magani (da kuma wani hali taimako), kamar 20% har yanzu wadanda ba shan taba a shekara daga baya, idan aka kwatanta da 12% wanda ba su daina shan taba. shan magani.[23] ==Hanyoyin daina shan taba== ===Yi da kai=== Yakan ɗauki yunƙuri da yawa, da yuwuwar yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kowane lokaci, kafin cimma dogon lokaci. Fiye da kashi 74.7% na masu shan sigari suna ƙoƙarin dainawa ba tare da wani taimako ba,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Caraballo RS, Shafer PR, Patel D, Davis KC, McAfee TA | title=Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014-2016 | journal=Preventing Chronic Disease | volume=14 | pages=E32 | date=April 2017 | pmid=28409740 | pmc=5392446 | doi=10.5888/pcd14.160600 }}</ref> in ba haka ba da aka sani da "turkey mai sanyi", ko tare da magungunan gida. Masu shan taba a baya sun yi tsakanin kiyasin ƙoƙari 6 zuwa 30 kafin su yi nasarar dainawa. Gano wace hanya ko dabara a ƙarshe mafi nasara yana da wahala; an yi kiyasin, alal misali, kusan kashi 4 zuwa 7% na mutane ne kawai ke iya daina shan taba a kowane yunƙuri ba tare da magunguna ko wasu taimako ba. Yawancin yunƙurin barin har yanzu ba a taimaka musu ba, ko da yake yanayin yana canzawa. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, adadin barin ba tare da taimako ya faɗi daga 91.8% a 1986 zuwa 52.1% a lokacin 2006 zuwa 2009. Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ba a taimaka ba sune "Turki mai sanyi", kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don nufin ko dai ba tare da taimako ba ko daina ba da gangan da kuma "raguwar adadin" sigari a hankali, ko "raguwar sigari".<ref name="nicotine dependence">{{cite journal | vauthors=Mooney ME, Johnson EO, Breslau N, Bierut LJ, Hatsukami DK | title=Cigarette smoking reduction and changes in nicotine dependence | journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research | volume=13 | issue=6 | pages=426–430 | date=June 2011 | pmid=21367813 | pmc=3103717 | doi=10.1093/ntr/ntr019 | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] on behalf of the [[Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco]] | lccn=00244999 | s2cid=29891495 | editor-link=Marcus Munafo | veditors=Munafò M }}</ref> ===Cold turkey=== "Cold turkey" kalma ce ta magana da ke nuna janyewar ba zato ba tsammani daga magungunan jaraba. A cikin wannan mahallin, yana nuna ba zato ba tsammani da cikakken daina amfani da nicotine. A cikin binciken uku, ita ce hanyar dakatar da 76%, [27] 85%, [28] ko 88% <ref name="Chapman-MacKenzie">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chapman S, MacKenzie R |title=The global research neglect of unassisted smoking cessation: causes and consequences |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e1000216 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20161722 |pmc=2817714 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216 |doi-access=free }}</ref> na dogon lokaci masu nasara sun daina. da wuya" tsayawa, 27% sun ce "yana da matukar wahala", sauran kashi 20% kuma sun ga yana da matukar wahala.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hung WT, Dunlop SM, Perez D, Cotter T |title=Use and perceived helpfulness of smoking cessation methods: results from a population survey of recent quitters |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=11 |page=592 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21791111 |pmc=3160379 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-11-592 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Yanke kasa don barin=== Ragewar hankali ya kunshi sannu a hankali rage yawan shan nicotine a kullum. Ana iya cimma wannan hanyar bisa ka'ida ta hanyar maimaita canje-canje ga sigari tare da kananan matakan nicotine, ta hanyar rage yawan sigari da ake sha kullum, ko kuma ta hanyar shan sigari kadan a kowane lokaci. Wani bita na tsari na 2009 da masu bincike a Jami'ar [[Birmingham]] suka yi sun gano cewa maye gurbin nicotine a hankali zai iya yin tasiri wajen daina shan taba. Babu wani gagarumin bambanci a farashin daina shan sigari da suka daina ta hanyar ragewa a hankali ko dainawa ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar kauracewa shan taba na akalla watanni shida daga ranar dainawa. Wannan bita ya kuma duba taimakon magunguna guda biyar don ragewa. Lokacin rage yawan shan taba sigari, ya sami w a s shaidun cewa karin varenicline ko saurin maye gurbin nicotine na iya tasiri ga barin barin tsawon watanni shida ko fiye.<ref name="LindsonKlemperer2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindson N, Klemperer E, Hong B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Aveyard P |date=September 2019 |title=Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2019 |issue=9 |pages=CD013183 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013183.pub2 |pmc=6953262 |pmid=31565800}}</ref> ===Magunguna=== [[File:Nicoderm.JPG|thumb|A 21mg dose [[nicotine patch]] applied to the left arm]] Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka ta lura cewa "Nazari a cikin mujallolin likita sun ruwaito cewa kimanin kashi 25% a masu shan taba da ke amfani da magunguna na iya zama marasa shan taba fiye da watanni 6."<ref name=ACS-guide>{{cite web |title= Guide to quitting smoking. What do I need to know about quitting |url= http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf |publisher= American Cancer Society |year= 2014 |access-date= 2017-01-08 |archive-date= 2016-06-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609085602/http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf }}</ref> Magunguna guda daya sun hada da: . Maganin maye gurbin nicotine (NRT): Magunguna biyar ne Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su don isar da nicotine a cikin wani nau'i wanda ba ya hada da hadarin shan taba: facin nicotine transdermal, danko nicotine, lozenges nicotine, masu shakar nicotine, nicotine feshin baki, da nicotine na hanci. Shaidu masu inganci sun nuna cewa wadannan nau'ikan NRT suna habaka kimar nasarar mutanen da suke kokarin daina shan taba. Ana nufin amfani da NRTs a dan gajeren lokaci kuma yakamata a sanya su kasa zuwa karamin adadin kafin tsayawa. NRTs suna kara damar daina shan taba da kashi 50 zuwa 60% idan aka kwatanta da placebo ko kuma babu magani.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T | title=Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation | journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume=5 | issue=5 | pages=CD000146 | date=May 2018 | pmid=29852054 | pmc=6353172 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5 }}</ref> Wasu illolin da aka ruwaito sun hada da dan haushi na gida (masu shakar shaka da feshi) da ciwon kirji marasa ischemic (rare).<ref name="www.canada.ca-2022">{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhou HX | title=The debut of PMC Biophysics | journal=PMC Biophysics | volume=1 | issue=1 | page=1 | date=November 2008 | pmid=19351423 | pmc=2605105 | doi=10.1186/1757-5036-1-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML | title=Pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence | journal=CA | volume=55 | issue=5 | pages=281–99; quiz 322–3, 325 | date=2005 | pmid=16166074 | doi=10.3322/canjclin.55.5.281 | s2cid=25668093 | doi-access=free }}</ref> . Antidepressants: An yi la'akari da bupropion antidepressant a matsayin magani na farko don dakatar da shan taba kuma an nuna h i a yawancin binciken don kara yawan nasara na dogon lokaci. Ko da yake bupropion yana karuwa da hadarin samun abubuwan da ba su da kyau, babu wata huia bayyananne cewa miyagun kwayoyi yana da tasiri ko Zasa idan aka kwatanta da placebo. . Varenicline yana rage sha'awar shan taba kuma yana rage alamun cirewa don haka ana daukarsa magani na farko don daina shan taba.[41] Yawan mutanen da ke daina shan taba tare da varenicline ya fi na bupropion ko NRT. [42] Varenicline fiye da ninki biyu damar barin barin idan aka kwatanta da placebo, kuma yana da tasiri kamar hada nau'ikan NRT guda biyu. 2 MG / rana na varenicline an samo shi don hafar da mafi girman yawan abstinence (33.2%) na kowane magani guda daya, yayin da 1MG / rana yana haifar da kimar abstinence na 25.4%. Wani bita na tsarin 2016 da meta-bincike a gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya kare babu wata shaida da ke goyan bayan alaka tsakanin varenicline da habaka abubuwan cututtukan zuciya. . Clonidine na iya rage alamun janyewar kuma "kusan ninki biyu na abstinence rates idan aka kwatanta da placebo," amma illarsa sun hada da bushe baki da kwantar da hankali, kuma dakatar da maganin ba zato ba tsammani zai iya haifar da hawan jini da sauran illoli. [45] 46]. . Babu wata shaida mai kyau cewa anxiolytics suna taimakawa. 47] . Abaya can, rimonabant, wanda shine nav'in antagonist na cannabinoid mai karba, an yi amfani dashi don taimakawa wajen barinwa da kuma daidaita nauyin da ake sa ran. [48]. Amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa masana'antun rimonabant da taranabant sun daina samarwa a cikin 2008 saboda mummunan tasirin CNS. ===Shirye-shiryen al'umma=== Harkokin al'umma ta amfani da "tashoshi da yawa don samar da karfafawa, tallafi da ka'idoii don rashin shan taba" na iya yin tasiri akan sakamakon dakatar da shan taba a tsakanin manya. [49] Hanyoyi na musamman da ake amfani da su a cikin al'umma don karfafa daina shan taba a tsakanin manya sun hada da: . Manufofin yin wuraren aiki [27] da wuraren jama'a marasa shan taba. An kiyasta cewa "cikakkiyar dokokin cikin gida mai tsabta" na iva kara yawan adadin daina shan taba da kashi 12%-38%[50] A cikin 2008, Jihar New York a Alcoholism da Ayyukan Abuse Abuse sun haramta shan taba ta marasa lafiya, ma'aikata, da masu sa kai a cibiyoyin jiyya na 1,300.[51] . Dokokin son rai na sa gidaje su zama marasa shan taba, wadanda ake tunanin suna habaka daina shan taba. [27][52] .Kaddamarwa don ilimantar da jama'a game da illolin kiwon lafiya na shan taba, [53] ciki har da manyan hatsarori na kutsawa cikin hayaki na hannu ga mazauna gidaje masu yawan jama'a. [54] .Kara farashin kayayyakin taba, misali ta hanyar haraji. HUKUNCIN CIGABA DA AlKATAWA "Huija mai mahimmanci" cewa wannan yana da tasiri a cikin karuwar sigari [55]: 28-30 an kiyasta cewa karuwa ta CIGABA DAGA 3-5 %.[50] .Kamfen watsa labarai. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa idan aka hada su tare da wasu nau''in shiga tsakani, kamfen din watsa labarai na iya zama da fa'ida.[55]: 30-32[56.'' .Shaidu masu rauni sun nuna cewa sanya dokar hana shan taba a asibitoci da gidajen yari na iya rage yawan shan taba da shan taba.[57] ===Magungunan masana=== Shirye-shiryen da masana magunguna ke jagoranta sun tabbatar da yin tasiri wajen taimakawa yunkurin daina shan taba. Yawancin sake dubawa na tsari sun kalli mahimmancin shigar da magunguna. A kasar Malesiya, bincikensu ya yi nazari kan yadda masu yin harhada magunguna a cikin kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya gaba daya ya nuna ci gaba wajen tantance farkon cutar. [58] Wannan ya ba da izinin magani na farko yana farawa a cikin COPD mai haifar da shan taba. Bugu da kari, masu harhada magunguna a Malaysia na iya rubuta samfuran NRT, kuma lokacin da suka jagoranci sabis na daina shan taba, ya fi nasara fiye da sauran gwaje-gwajen daina shan taba a Malaysia. [58] An kuma nuna cewa masu ba da magunguna da samfuran NRT sun fi tasiri wajen daina shan taba fiye da amfani da NRT kadai. Acikin ayyukan dakatar da shan sigari da masu siyar da magunguna ke jagoranta a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], binciken ya gano fa'idodin kididdiga da fa'idodi na asibiti suna fifita sa hannun masu harhada magunguna. [59] Sun gano cewa tsarin kulawa, da ziyarar yau da kullun, samun saukin isa ga masu harhada magunguna sun taimaka wa mutane da yawa wadanda ke kokarin barin aiki fize da ba tare da. Duk da haka, binciken ya kammala cewa ya kamata a yi karin bincike a yankin yayin da suka gano wani hadarin da ba a sani ba a cikin binciken da aka hada[59]. ===Hanyoyi na zamantakewa=== The Great American Smokeout taron ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke gayyatar masu shan sigari su daina na kwana daya, da fatan za su iya tsawaita wannan har abada. . Ranar 31 ga watan Mayun kowace shekara ce hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ware ranar yaki da shan taba sigari. . Sau da yawa ana ba da tallafin dakatar da shan taba ta hanyar dakatar da wayar tarho|72][73] (misali, lambar kyauta ta Amurka 1-800-QUIT-NOW), ko kuma cikin mutum. Nazari guda uku na meta-bincike sun kammala cewa tallafin dakatar da tarho yana da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da karamin ko babu shawarwari ko taimakon kai da kuma cewa dakatarwar tarho tare da magani ya fi inganci fiye da magani kadai, [45]: 91-92[55]:40-42 kuma wannan nasiha mai zurfi na mutum ya fi tasiri fiye da takaitaccen shawarwari na sirri. 7 4 ] . Kungiyar 'Yanci Daga Shan Sigari ta kunshi zama takwas kuma tana fasalta tsarin mataki-mataki don barin shan taba. An tsara kowane zama don taimakawa masu shan taba su sami iko akan halayensu. Tsarin asibitin yana karfafa mahalarta suyi aiki a kan tsari da matsalolin barin duka biyu da kuma a matsayin bangare na kungiya.84] . Yawancin nau'd'in t s o m a baki na psychosocial suna habaka kimar barin aiki: 10.8% ba tare da soma baki ba, 15.1% don tsari daya, 18.5% don tsari 2, da 23.2% don tsari uku ko hudu.45: 91 .An yi amfani da tsarin juzu'i, gami da "matakan canji", wajen daidaita hanyoyin dakatar da shan taba ga daidaikun mutane, [85][86](87][88] duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa "taimakon kai na tushen mataki. shisshigi (tsarin kwararru da/ko kayan da aka kebance) da nasha na daidaikun ba su da karfi ko kasa da tasiri fiye da wadanda ba su da tushe."[89]. ===Yadda ake saita ranar bari=== Yawancin albarkatun daina shan taba irin su Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) [90] da kuma Mayo Clinic 9 1 suna karfafa masu shan taba don kirkirar shirin barin, ciki har da saita ranar dainawa, wanda ke taimaka musu tsammani da tsara kalubalen shan taba. Tsarin dainawa zai iya inganta damar mai shan taba na samun nasarar barinsa9 2 [93][94] kamar yadda zai iya saita Litinin, a matsayin ranar dainawa, g a i n cewa bincike ya nuna cewa Litinin fiye da kowace rana ita ce lokacin da masu shan taba ke neman bayanai akan layi. daina shan taba9 5 da kuma kiran da a daina shan taba96]. A [[Nepal]], masu shan taba ba sa son kai, an fara kamfen na lafiya na makonni biyu a ranar Valentine da Vasant panchami don zaburar da mutane su daina shan taba a matsayin sadaukarwa ga kaunatattunsu da yanke shawara mai ma'ana ta rayuwa. Wanna yakin yana daukar hankalin jama'a. [97] ===Taimakon kai=== Kayayyakin taimakon kai na iya haifar da karamar habakar kima musamman lokacin da babu wani nau'i na tallafi na tallafi.[98] "Sakamakon taimakon kai ya kasance mai rauni", kuma adadin nau'ikan taimakon kai bai haifar da kimar kamewa ba. 45]:89-91 Duk da haka, hanyoyin taimakon kai don daina shan taba sun hada da: . Kungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai irin su Nicotine Anonymous, [99][100] ko albarkatun dakatarwa na gizo kamar Smokefree.gov, wanda ke ba da taimako iri-iri ciki har da kayan taimakon kai.[101] .WebMD: hanya ce ta samar da bayanan tushen yanar lafiya, kayan aikin sarrafa lafiya, da tallafi. 102 ===Ra'ayin biochemical=== Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ba masu shan sigari damar g a i n tasirin amfani da taba da kuma tasirin barinsa nan take. Yin amfani da hanyoyin mayar da martani na biochemical na iya ba da damar gano masu amfani da taba da tantancewa, kuma saka idanu a duk kokarin barin a iya kara kuzari don barin. [107][108] Shaida- hikima, an san kadan game da illolin yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen halittu don tantance hadarin mutum dangane da daina shan taba.[109] . Sa ido kan numfashin carbon monoxide (CO): carbon monoxide wani muhimmin sashi ne na hayakin sigari, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urar duba carbon monoxide don gano amfani da sigari na yanzu. Matsalolin carbon monoxide a cikin numfashi yana da alaka kai tsaye tare da hadin gwiwar CO a cikin jini, wanda aka sani da kashi carboxyhemoglobin. Kimar nuna hadin jini CO ga mai shan taba ta hanyar samfurin numfashi mara lalacewa shine yana danganta al'adar shan taba tare da cutarwar jiki da ke hade da shan taba. [110] . Cotinine: Cotinine, metabolite na nicotine, yana cikin masu shan taba. Kamar carbon monoxide, gwajin cotinine na iya zama abin dogara ga yanayin shan taba. [111] Ana iya gwada matakan Cotinine ta [[fitsari]], yau, jini, ko samfuran gashi. Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun gwajin cotinine shine cin zarafi na hanyoyin yin samfur. Duk da yake duka matakan suna ba da babban hankali da kayyadaddun kayyadaddun bayanai, sun bambanta ta hanyar amfani da farashi. Misali, sa ido kan numfashin CO ba mai cutarwa bane, yayin da gwajin cotinine ya dogara da ruwan jiki. Misali, wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu ana iya amfani da su kadai ko tare yayin da tabbatar da kauracewa yana bukatar karin tabbaci 112. ===Gasa da abubuwan kara kuzari=== Kimar kudi ko kayan aiki don jawo hankalin mutane su daina shan taba yana inganta daina shan taba yayin da dalili ke nan.[113] Gasar da ke bukatar mahalarta su saka kudin kansu, "yin yin fare" cewa za su vi nasara wajen daina shan taba, ya zama abin karfafawa. [113] Duk da haka, yana da wuya a dauki mahalarta don irin wannan gasa a cikin kwatancen kai-da-kai tare da wasu samfura masu karfafawa, kamar ba wa mahalarta NRT ko sanya su cikin tsarin lada na yau da kullun.[114] Shaidu sun nuna cewa shirye-shiryen karfafawa na iya yin tasiri ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba.[113] Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai karancin adadin karatu kan "sake da nasara" da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi gasa da sakamakon binciken da ake da su ba su cika ba. [115] ==Yawan jama'a na musamman== ===Yara da matasa=== Hanyoyin amfani da yara da matasa sun hada da: .Habaka habakawa[151] . Taimakon ilimin halin dan adam [151] . Ayyukan hana shan taba sigari na matasa, kamar sa hannu a wasanni . Manhajojin makaranta, kamar horar da dabarun rayuwa . Zaman shawarwarin ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta|152 . Rage isa ga taba . Kafofin watsa labarai na anti-taba, Sadarwar iyali. ===Mata masu ciki=== Shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da illa ga lafiyar mace da tayin. Jagoran Amurka na 2008 ya kaddara cewa "matsalolin zamantakewar mutum-da- mutum" (yawanci ciki har da "shawara mai zurfi") ya karu yawan kaurace wa mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba zuwa 13.3%, idan aka kwatanta da 7.6% a cikin kulawa na yau da kullum. [45]: 165-167 Uwayen da ke shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki suna da halin haihu da wuri. Yawancin jariran su ba su da habaka, suna da kananan sassan jiki, kuma suna da nauyi fiye da matsakaicin nauyin jariri. Bugu da kari, wadannan jariran suna da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa kamar kumburin kunne na tsakiya da mashako mai asthmatic, da kuma yanayin rayuwa kamar ciwon sukari da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], duk suna iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa. [156]. Bugu da kari, wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amirka ta buga ya nuna cewa shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki yana kara yiwuwar mutuwar jarirai ba zato ba tsammani ((SUID) ko (SIDS)). [157]. Hakanan akwai karin damar cewa yaron zai kasance mai shan taba a lokacin girma. Wani bita da aka yi na tsari ya nuna cewa ayyukan zamantakewar zamantakewa suna taimaka wa mata su daina shan taba a karshen ciki kuma yana iya rage hadarin jarirai marasa nauyi. Tatsuniya ce cewa mace mai shan taba na iya cutar da tayin ta hanyar daina gaggawa da gano tana da ciki. Wannan ra'ayin ba ya dogara ne akan wani binciken likita ko gaskiya ba. [159] ===Masu shan taba a asibiti=== Masu shan taba da aka kwantar da su a asibiti na iya zama dalili na musamman don barin. Binciken Cochrane na 2012 ya gano cewa ayyukan da suka fara a lokacin zaman asibiti da ci gaba da wata daya ko fiye bayan fitarwa suna da tasiri wajen haifar da kauracewa. 165. Marasa lafiya da ke yin zaben tiyata na iya samun fa'idodin hanyoyin hana shan sigari kafin a fara aiki, lokacin farawa 4-8 makonni kafin tiyata tare da sa baki na mako-mako don tallafin dabi'a da amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine. [166] An samo shi don rage rikice-rikice da yawan cututtuka bayan tiyata. [166]. ===Rashin hankali=== Mutanen da ke da matsalar vanayi ko rashin kulawa da rashin hankali suna da damar da za su fara shan taba da kuma karancin damar daina shan taba. [167] An kuma ga alaka mafi girma da shan taba a cikin mutanen da aka gano suna da babbar cuta ta damuwa a kowane lokaci a tsawon rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba tare da shi ba. Adadin nasarar da aka samu wajen barin shan taba ya yi kasa sosai ga wadanda ke da babbar matsalar rashin damuwa da mutanen da ba tare da an gano cutar ba. [168] Fitar da hayakin sigari tun farkon rayuwa, lokacin daukar ciki, kuruciya, ko samartaka, na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban daidaikun yara kuma yana kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan damuwa a nan gaba.[167] ===Rikicin amfani da abubuwa na lokaci guda=== Sama da kashi uku bisa hudu na mutanen da ake jinyar amfani da kayan maye suna shan taba a halin yanzu.173] Bayar da shawarwari da magunguna (maganin maye gurbin nicotine kamar faci ko danko, varenicline, da/ko bupropion) yana kara kauracewa taba ba tare da kara hadarin komawa ga sauran abubuwan amfani ba. 174 ==Kwatanta kimar nasara== Kwatankwacin adadin nasara a cikin tsangwama na iya zama da wahala saboda ma'anoni daban-daban na "nasara" a cikin nazarin. [165] Robert West da Saul Shiffman, hukumomi a wanna fanni da ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya na gwamnati suka amince da su a cikin kasashe da yawa, [164]:73, 76, 80 sun kammala cewa, amfani da su tare, "tallafin halayya" da "maganin magani" na iya rubanya damar da za a samu. yunkurin barin aiki zai yi nasara. Wani bita na tsari na 2008 a cikin Jarida ta Turai na Rigakafin Ciwon daji ya gano cewa tsarin halayyar rukuni shine mafi kyawun dabarun shiga tsakani don dakatar da shan taba, sannan bupropion, shawarar likita mai zurfi, maganin maye gurbin nicotine, shawarwarin mutum, shawarwarin tarho, toma baki, da kuma dacewa da kai. -matsalolin taimako; binciken bai tattauna batun varenicline ba. ==Abubuwan da ke shafar nasara== Kashewa na iya zama da wahala ga mutanen da ke da fata mai launin duhu fiye da masu launin fata tun da nicotine yana da alaka ga kyallen da ke dauke da melanin. Bincike ya nuna hakan na iya haifar da al'amarin karuwar dogaro da nicotine da rage yawan daina shan taba a cikin mutane masu launin duhu.(177 Akwai muhimmin bangaren zamantakewa ga shan taba. Yaduwar daina shan taba daga mutum zuwa mutumyana taimakawa wajen raguwar shan taba a wadannan shekaru[178]. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2008 a cibiyar sadarwar da ke da alaka da mutane sama da 12,000 ya gano cewa daina shan taba ta kowane mutum da aka ba shi ya rage damar w a s da ke kewaye da su haskaka ta da adadin masu zuwa: mata da kashi 67%, dan'uwa ta kashi 25%, aboki da 36. %, da abokin aiki da 34%. [178] Duk da haka, wani bita na Cochrane ya kaddara cewa soma baki don kara goyon bayan zamantakewa don yunkurin daina shan taba bai inganta kimar daina dogon lokaci ba. [179] Masu shan taba da ke kokarin daina shan taba suna fuskantar tasirin zamantakewa wanda zai iya riniayar su su bi su ci gaba da shan taba. Sha'awa yana da saukin tsarewa lokacin da yanayin mutum bai haifar da al'ada ba. Ace mutumin da ya daina shan taba yana da kusanci da masu shan taba. Awannan yanayin, sau da yawa ana saka su cikin yanayin da ke sa sha'awar bin ka'idodin da ke da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, a cikin karamin rukuni tare da akalla daya ba shan taba ba, yuwuwar daidaituwa ta ragu. Zagayewar kai yana faruwa lokacin da mutum ya ji dadin shan taba duk da haka yana shan taba don rage jin dadi. Wargaza wannan zagayowar na iya zama mabudin wajen canza dabi'ar zagon kasa181]. Masu shan tabar da ke da babbar matsalar damuwa na iya zama kasa da nasara wajen daina shan sigari fiye da masu shan sigari wadanda ba su da damuwa. (45]:81 [182] Komawa (ci gaba da shan taba bayan dainawa) yana da alaka da lamuran tunani kamar karancin karfin kai, [183] [184] ko mafi kyawun amsawa; [186 = Illoli= ===Alamun janyewa=== CDC ta gane alamun janyewar nicotine guda bakwai da mutane sukan fuskanta lokacin da suke daina shan taba: "sha'awar shan taba, jin haushi, jin haushi, ko bacin rai, jin tsalle da rashin natsuwa, samun wahalar mai da hankali, samun matsala barci, jin yunwa ko samun nauyi, ko jin damuwa, bakin ciki ko damuwa."[189] Bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da magunguna, irin su varenicline [190] [191] na iva zama da amfani wajen rage alamun janyewar yayin aikin dainawa. ===Girman nauyi=== Yin watsi da shan taba yana da alaka da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 4-5 (8.8-11.0 lb) bayan watanni 12, yawancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na barin. [192]. ===Lafiyar tunani=== Kamar sauran magunguna na jiki, jarabar nicotine yana hafar da kayyadaddun ka'idodin samar da dopamine da sauran masu habaka neurotransmitters yayin da kwakwalwa ke kokarin rama abin habakar dan adam da shan taba ke haifarwa. Wasu bincike daga 1990s sun gano cewa lokacin da mutane suka daina shan taba, alamun damuwa irin su halin kashe kansa ko ainihin bacin rai na iya haifar da, [182] [200] ko da yake wani binciken da aka yi a duniya kwanan nan yana kwatanta masu shan taba da suka daina tsawon watanni 3 tare da masu ci gaba da shan taba sun gano cewa dakatar da shan taba. bai bayyana yana kara damuwa ko damuwa ba. [201] Wani bita na 2021 ya gano cewa barin shan taba yana rage damuwa da damuwa. ==Manazarta== fc0bwxu7tgiimlwkht4z51nh9cpksr5 887973 887972 2026-07-27T06:14:35Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Papierosa 1 ubt 0069.jpeg|thumb|sigari]] '''Kashe shan taba''', yawanci ana kiransa '''daina shan taba''' ko '''daina shan taba''', shi ne tsarin daina [[shan taba]] . Shan taba yana dauke da nicotine, wanda ke [[Addiction|da haɗari]] kuma yana iya haifar da dogaro .<ref>https://lccn.loc.gov/00244999</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220525083936/https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024422/https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/</ref> A sakamakon haka, cirewar nicotine sau da yawa yana sa tsarin barin ke da wahala. [[Fayil:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|sigari Wanda aka kashe]] A cewar CDC, Kimanin mutane miliyan 8 ne ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da sigari a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da wani nauyi na tattalin arziki na dala tiriliyan 1.4 a ma'aunin duniya a kowace shekara<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/index.htm</ref>. Shan taba sigari shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa da ake iya hanawa da kuma damuwar lafiyar jama'a a duniya.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207276270</ref>Yin amfani da taba yana haifar da mafi yawan cututtuka da ke shafar zuciya da huhu, tare da shan taba yana zama babban haɗari ga [[ciwon zuciya]],[[bugun jini]], [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtuka na huhu na huhu]] (COPD), Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), emphysema, da nau'i daban-daban da nau'in [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] (musamman [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|ciwon huhu na huhu]], ciwon daji na oropharynx, larynx, da [[Ciwon Daji Na Baka|baki]], ciwon daji na esophageal da [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|pancreatic cancer]] ). Rashin shan taba yana da matukar muhimmanci yana rage haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan taba. Hadarin bugun zuciya a cikin mai shan taba yana raguwa da 50% bayan shekara 1 na dainawa. Hakazalaka hadrine galftn cutar kansar huhu yana raguwa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 10 na dainawa Daga 2001 zuwa 2010, kusan kashi 70% na masu shan taba a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun nuna sha'awar daina shan taba, kuma 50% sun ruwaito cewa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin hakan a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da dabaru da yawa don dakatar da shan taba, gami da dainawa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da taimako ba (" Turkey mai sanyi "), yankewa sannan barin, shawarwarin ɗabi'a, da magunguna kamar bupropion, cytisine, maye gurbin nicotine, ko varenicline. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]], yawancin masu shan taba sun canza zuwa amfani da sigari na lantarki don daina shan taba. Koyaya, binciken shekarar 2022 ya gano cewa kashi 20% na masu shan sigari waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin amfani da sigari e-cigare don daina shan taba sun yi nasara amma 66% daga cikinsu sun ƙare a matsayin masu amfani da sigari da samfuran vape guda ɗaya shekara guda. Yawancin masu shan taba da suke ƙoƙarin dainawa suna yin hakan ba tare da taimako ba. Koyaya, kawai 3-6% na yunƙurin barin ƙoƙarin ba tare da taimako ba suna samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Shawarwari na dabi'a da magunguna kowanne yana ƙara yawan nasarar barin shan taba, da kuma haɗuwa da shawarwarin hali tare da magani irin su bupropion ya fi tasiri fiye da ko dai shi kadai. A meta-bincike daga 2018, gudanar a kan 61 bazuwar gwajin gwaji, ya nuna cewa a cikin mutanen da suka daina shan taba tare da wani daina magani (da kuma wani hali taimako), kamar 20% har yanzu wadanda ba shan taba a shekara daga baya, idan aka kwatanta da 12% wanda ba su daina shan taba. shan magani.[23] ==Hanyoyin daina shan taba== ===Yi da kai=== Yakan ɗauki yunƙuri da yawa, da yuwuwar yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kowane lokaci, kafin cimma dogon lokaci. Fiye da kashi 74.7% na masu shan sigari suna ƙoƙarin dainawa ba tare da wani taimako ba,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Caraballo RS, Shafer PR, Patel D, Davis KC, McAfee TA | title=Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014-2016 | journal=Preventing Chronic Disease | volume=14 | pages=E32 | date=April 2017 | pmid=28409740 | pmc=5392446 | doi=10.5888/pcd14.160600 }}</ref> in ba haka ba da aka sani da "turkey mai sanyi", ko tare da magungunan gida. Masu shan taba a baya sun yi tsakanin kiyasin ƙoƙari 6 zuwa 30 kafin su yi nasarar dainawa. Gano wace hanya ko dabara a ƙarshe mafi nasara yana da wahala; an yi kiyasin, alal misali, kusan kashi 4 zuwa 7% na mutane ne kawai ke iya daina shan taba a kowane yunƙuri ba tare da magunguna ko wasu taimako ba. Yawancin yunƙurin barin har yanzu ba a taimaka musu ba, ko da yake yanayin yana canzawa. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, adadin barin ba tare da taimako ya faɗi daga 91.8% a 1986 zuwa 52.1% a lokacin 2006 zuwa 2009. Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ba a taimaka ba sune "Turki mai sanyi", kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don nufin ko dai ba tare da taimako ba ko daina ba da gangan da kuma "raguwar adadin" sigari a hankali, ko "raguwar sigari".<ref name="nicotine dependence">{{cite journal | vauthors=Mooney ME, Johnson EO, Breslau N, Bierut LJ, Hatsukami DK | title=Cigarette smoking reduction and changes in nicotine dependence | journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research | volume=13 | issue=6 | pages=426–430 | date=June 2011 | pmid=21367813 | pmc=3103717 | doi=10.1093/ntr/ntr019 | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] on behalf of the [[Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco]] | lccn=00244999 | s2cid=29891495 | editor-link=Marcus Munafo | veditors=Munafò M }}</ref> ===Cold turkey=== "Cold turkey" kalma ce ta magana da ke nuna janyewar ba zato ba tsammani daga magungunan jaraba. A cikin wannan mahallin, yana nuna ba zato ba tsammani da cikakken daina amfani da nicotine. A cikin binciken uku, ita ce hanyar dakatar da 76%, [27] 85%, [28] ko 88% <ref name="Chapman-MacKenzie">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chapman S, MacKenzie R |title=The global research neglect of unassisted smoking cessation: causes and consequences |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e1000216 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20161722 |pmc=2817714 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216 |doi-access=free }}</ref> na dogon lokaci masu nasara sun daina. da wuya" tsayawa, 27% sun ce "yana da matukar wahala", sauran kashi 20% kuma sun ga yana da matukar wahala.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hung WT, Dunlop SM, Perez D, Cotter T |title=Use and perceived helpfulness of smoking cessation methods: results from a population survey of recent quitters |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=11 |page=592 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21791111 |pmc=3160379 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-11-592 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Yanke kasa don barin=== Ragewar hankali ya kunshi sannu a hankali rage yawan shan nicotine a kullum. Ana iya cimma wannan hanyar bisa ka'ida ta hanyar maimaita canje-canje ga sigari tare da kananan matakan nicotine, ta hanyar rage yawan sigari da ake sha kullum, ko kuma ta hanyar shan sigari kadan a kowane lokaci. Wani bita na tsari na 2009 da masu bincike a Jami'ar [[Birmingham]] suka yi sun gano cewa maye gurbin nicotine a hankali zai iya yin tasiri wajen daina shan taba. Babu wani gagarumin bambanci a farashin daina shan sigari da suka daina ta hanyar ragewa a hankali ko dainawa ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar kauracewa shan taba na akalla watanni shida daga ranar dainawa. Wannan bita ya kuma duba taimakon magunguna guda biyar don ragewa. Lokacin rage yawan shan taba sigari, ya sami w a s shaidun cewa karin varenicline ko saurin maye gurbin nicotine na iya tasiri ga barin barin tsawon watanni shida ko fiye.<ref name="LindsonKlemperer2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindson N, Klemperer E, Hong B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Aveyard P |date=September 2019 |title=Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2019 |issue=9 |pages=CD013183 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013183.pub2 |pmc=6953262 |pmid=31565800}}</ref> ===Magunguna=== [[File:Nicoderm.JPG|thumb|A 21mg dose [[nicotine patch]] applied to the left arm]] Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka ta lura cewa "Nazari a cikin mujallolin likita sun ruwaito cewa kimanin kashi 25% a masu shan taba da ke amfani da magunguna na iya zama marasa shan taba fiye da watanni 6."<ref name=ACS-guide>{{cite web |title= Guide to quitting smoking. What do I need to know about quitting |url= http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf |publisher= American Cancer Society |year= 2014 |access-date= 2017-01-08 |archive-date= 2016-06-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609085602/http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf }}</ref> Magunguna guda daya sun hada da: . Maganin maye gurbin nicotine (NRT): Magunguna biyar ne Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su don isar da nicotine a cikin wani nau'i wanda ba ya hada da hadarin shan taba: facin nicotine transdermal, danko nicotine, lozenges nicotine, masu shakar nicotine, nicotine feshin baki, da nicotine na hanci. Shaidu masu inganci sun nuna cewa wadannan nau'ikan NRT suna habaka kimar nasarar mutanen da suke kokarin daina shan taba. Ana nufin amfani da NRTs a dan gajeren lokaci kuma yakamata a sanya su kasa zuwa karamin adadin kafin tsayawa. NRTs suna kara damar daina shan taba da kashi 50 zuwa 60% idan aka kwatanta da placebo ko kuma babu magani.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T | title=Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation | journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume=5 | issue=5 | pages=CD000146 | date=May 2018 | pmid=29852054 | pmc=6353172 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5 }}</ref> Wasu illolin da aka ruwaito sun hada da dan haushi na gida (masu shakar shaka da feshi) da ciwon kirji marasa ischemic (rare).<ref name="www.canada.ca-2022">{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhou HX | title=The debut of PMC Biophysics | journal=PMC Biophysics | volume=1 | issue=1 | page=1 | date=November 2008 | pmid=19351423 | pmc=2605105 | doi=10.1186/1757-5036-1-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML | title=Pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence | journal=CA | volume=55 | issue=5 | pages=281–99; quiz 322–3, 325 | date=2005 | pmid=16166074 | doi=10.3322/canjclin.55.5.281 | s2cid=25668093 | doi-access=free }}</ref> . Antidepressants: An yi la'akari da bupropion antidepressant a matsayin magani na farko don dakatar da shan taba kuma an nuna h i a yawancin binciken don kara yawan nasara na dogon lokaci. Ko da yake bupropion yana karuwa da hadarin samun abubuwan da ba su da kyau, babu wata huia bayyananne cewa miyagun kwayoyi yana da tasiri ko Zasa idan aka kwatanta da placebo. . Varenicline yana rage sha'awar shan taba kuma yana rage alamun cirewa don haka ana daukarsa magani na farko don daina shan taba.[41] Yawan mutanen da ke daina shan taba tare da varenicline ya fi na bupropion ko NRT. [42] Varenicline fiye da ninki biyu damar barin barin idan aka kwatanta da placebo, kuma yana da tasiri kamar hada nau'ikan NRT guda biyu. 2 MG / rana na varenicline an samo shi don hafar da mafi girman yawan abstinence (33.2%) na kowane magani guda daya, yayin da 1MG / rana yana haifar da kimar abstinence na 25.4%. Wani bita na tsarin 2016 da meta-bincike a gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya kare babu wata shaida da ke goyan bayan alaka tsakanin varenicline da habaka abubuwan cututtukan zuciya. . Clonidine na iya rage alamun janyewar kuma "kusan ninki biyu na abstinence rates idan aka kwatanta da placebo," amma illarsa sun hada da bushe baki da kwantar da hankali, kuma dakatar da maganin ba zato ba tsammani zai iya haifar da hawan jini da sauran illoli. [45] 46]. . Babu wata shaida mai kyau cewa anxiolytics suna taimakawa. 47] . Abaya can, rimonabant, wanda shine nav'in antagonist na cannabinoid mai karba, an yi amfani dashi don taimakawa wajen barinwa da kuma daidaita nauyin da ake sa ran. [48]. Amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa masana'antun rimonabant da taranabant sun daina samarwa a cikin 2008 saboda mummunan tasirin CNS. ===Shirye-shiryen al'umma=== Harkokin al'umma ta amfani da "tashoshi da yawa don samar da karfafawa, tallafi da ka'idoii don rashin shan taba" na iya yin tasiri akan sakamakon dakatar da shan taba a tsakanin manya. [49] Hanyoyi na musamman da ake amfani da su a cikin al'umma don karfafa daina shan taba a tsakanin manya sun hada da: . Manufofin yin wuraren aiki [27] da wuraren jama'a marasa shan taba. An kiyasta cewa "cikakkiyar dokokin cikin gida mai tsabta" na iva kara yawan adadin daina shan taba da kashi 12%-38%[50] A cikin 2008, Jihar New York a Alcoholism da Ayyukan Abuse Abuse sun haramta shan taba ta marasa lafiya, ma'aikata, da masu sa kai a cibiyoyin jiyya na 1,300.[51] . Dokokin son rai na sa gidaje su zama marasa shan taba, wadanda ake tunanin suna habaka daina shan taba. [27][52] .Kaddamarwa don ilimantar da jama'a game da illolin kiwon lafiya na shan taba, [53] ciki har da manyan hatsarori na kutsawa cikin hayaki na hannu ga mazauna gidaje masu yawan jama'a. [54] .Kara farashin kayayyakin taba, misali ta hanyar haraji. HUKUNCIN CIGABA DA AlKATAWA "Huija mai mahimmanci" cewa wannan yana da tasiri a cikin karuwar sigari [55]: 28-30 an kiyasta cewa karuwa ta CIGABA DAGA 3-5 %.[50] .Kamfen watsa labarai. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa idan aka hada su tare da wasu nau''in shiga tsakani, kamfen din watsa labarai na iya zama da fa'ida.[55]: 30-32[56.'' .Shaidu masu rauni sun nuna cewa sanya dokar hana shan taba a asibitoci da gidajen yari na iya rage yawan shan taba da shan taba.[57] ===Magungunan masana=== Shirye-shiryen da masana magunguna ke jagoranta sun tabbatar da yin tasiri wajen taimakawa yunkurin daina shan taba. Yawancin sake dubawa na tsari sun kalli mahimmancin shigar da magunguna. A kasar Malesiya, bincikensu ya yi nazari kan yadda masu yin harhada magunguna a cikin kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya gaba daya ya nuna ci gaba wajen tantance farkon cutar. [58] Wannan ya ba da izinin magani na farko yana farawa a cikin COPD mai haifar da shan taba. Bugu da kari, masu harhada magunguna a Malaysia na iya rubuta samfuran NRT, kuma lokacin da suka jagoranci sabis na daina shan taba, ya fi nasara fiye da sauran gwaje-gwajen daina shan taba a Malaysia. [58] An kuma nuna cewa masu ba da magunguna da samfuran NRT sun fi tasiri wajen daina shan taba fiye da amfani da NRT kadai. Acikin ayyukan dakatar da shan sigari da masu siyar da magunguna ke jagoranta a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], binciken ya gano fa'idodin kididdiga da fa'idodi na asibiti suna fifita sa hannun masu harhada magunguna. [59] Sun gano cewa tsarin kulawa, da ziyarar yau da kullun, samun saukin isa ga masu harhada magunguna sun taimaka wa mutane da yawa wadanda ke kokarin barin aiki fize da ba tare da. Duk da haka, binciken ya kammala cewa ya kamata a yi karin bincike a yankin yayin da suka gano wani hadarin da ba a sani ba a cikin binciken da aka hada[59]. ===Hanyoyi na zamantakewa=== The Great American Smokeout taron ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke gayyatar masu shan sigari su daina na kwana daya, da fatan za su iya tsawaita wannan har abada. . Ranar 31 ga watan Mayun kowace shekara ce hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ware ranar yaki da shan taba sigari. . Sau da yawa ana ba da tallafin dakatar da shan taba ta hanyar dakatar da wayar tarho|72][73] (misali, lambar kyauta ta Amurka 1-800-QUIT-NOW), ko kuma cikin mutum. Nazari guda uku na meta-bincike sun kammala cewa tallafin dakatar da tarho yana da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da karamin ko babu shawarwari ko taimakon kai da kuma cewa dakatarwar tarho tare da magani ya fi inganci fiye da magani kadai, [45]: 91-92[55]:40-42 kuma wannan nasiha mai zurfi na mutum ya fi tasiri fiye da takaitaccen shawarwari na sirri. 7 4 ] . Kungiyar 'Yanci Daga Shan Sigari ta kunshi zama takwas kuma tana fasalta tsarin mataki-mataki don barin shan taba. An tsara kowane zama don taimakawa masu shan taba su sami iko akan halayensu. Tsarin asibitin yana karfafa mahalarta suyi aiki a kan tsari da matsalolin barin duka biyu da kuma a matsayin bangare na kungiya.84] . Yawancin nau'd'in t s o m a baki na psychosocial suna habaka kimar barin aiki: 10.8% ba tare da soma baki ba, 15.1% don tsari daya, 18.5% don tsari 2, da 23.2% don tsari uku ko hudu.45: 91 .An yi amfani da tsarin juzu'i, gami da "matakan canji", wajen daidaita hanyoyin dakatar da shan taba ga daidaikun mutane, [85][86](87][88] duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa "taimakon kai na tushen mataki. shisshigi (tsarin kwararru da/ko kayan da aka kebance) da nasha na daidaikun ba su da karfi ko kasa da tasiri fiye da wadanda ba su da tushe."[89]. ===Yadda ake saita ranar bari=== Yawancin albarkatun daina shan taba irin su Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) [90] da kuma Mayo Clinic 9 1 suna karfafa masu shan taba don kirkirar shirin barin, ciki har da saita ranar dainawa, wanda ke taimaka musu tsammani da tsara kalubalen shan taba. Tsarin dainawa zai iya inganta damar mai shan taba na samun nasarar barinsa9 2 [93][94] kamar yadda zai iya saita Litinin, a matsayin ranar dainawa, g a i n cewa bincike ya nuna cewa Litinin fiye da kowace rana ita ce lokacin da masu shan taba ke neman bayanai akan layi. daina shan taba9 5 da kuma kiran da a daina shan taba96]. A [[Nepal]], masu shan taba ba sa son kai, an fara kamfen na lafiya na makonni biyu a ranar Valentine da Vasant panchami don zaburar da mutane su daina shan taba a matsayin sadaukarwa ga kaunatattunsu da yanke shawara mai ma'ana ta rayuwa. Wanna yakin yana daukar hankalin jama'a. [97] ===Taimakon kai=== Kayayyakin taimakon kai na iya haifar da karamar habakar kima musamman lokacin da babu wani nau'i na tallafi na tallafi.[98] "Sakamakon taimakon kai ya kasance mai rauni", kuma adadin nau'ikan taimakon kai bai haifar da kimar kamewa ba. 45]:89-91 Duk da haka, hanyoyin taimakon kai don daina shan taba sun hada da: . Kungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai irin su Nicotine Anonymous, [99][100] ko albarkatun dakatarwa na gizo kamar Smokefree.gov, wanda ke ba da taimako iri-iri ciki har da kayan taimakon kai.[101] .WebMD: hanya ce ta samar da bayanan tushen yanar lafiya, kayan aikin sarrafa lafiya, da tallafi. 102 ===Ra'ayin biochemical=== Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ba masu shan sigari damar g a i n tasirin amfani da taba da kuma tasirin barinsa nan take. Yin amfani da hanyoyin mayar da martani na biochemical na iya ba da damar gano masu amfani da taba da tantancewa, kuma saka idanu a duk kokarin barin a iya kara kuzari don barin. [107][108] Shaida- hikima, an san kadan game da illolin yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen halittu don tantance hadarin mutum dangane da daina shan taba.[109] . Sa ido kan numfashin carbon monoxide (CO): carbon monoxide wani muhimmin sashi ne na hayakin sigari, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urar duba carbon monoxide don gano amfani da sigari na yanzu. Matsalolin carbon monoxide a cikin numfashi yana da alaka kai tsaye tare da hadin gwiwar CO a cikin jini, wanda aka sani da kashi carboxyhemoglobin. Kimar nuna hadin jini CO ga mai shan taba ta hanyar samfurin numfashi mara lalacewa shine yana danganta al'adar shan taba tare da cutarwar jiki da ke hade da shan taba. [110] . Cotinine: Cotinine, metabolite na nicotine, yana cikin masu shan taba. Kamar carbon monoxide, gwajin cotinine na iya zama abin dogara ga yanayin shan taba. [111] Ana iya gwada matakan Cotinine ta [[fitsari]], yau, jini, ko samfuran gashi. Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun gwajin cotinine shine cin zarafi na hanyoyin yin samfur. Duk da yake duka matakan suna ba da babban hankali da kayyadaddun kayyadaddun bayanai, sun bambanta ta hanyar amfani da farashi. Misali, sa ido kan numfashin CO ba mai cutarwa bane, yayin da gwajin cotinine ya dogara da ruwan jiki. Misali, wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu ana iya amfani da su kadai ko tare yayin da tabbatar da kauracewa yana bukatar karin tabbaci 112. ===Gasa da abubuwan kara kuzari=== Kimar kudi ko kayan aiki don jawo hankalin mutane su daina shan taba yana inganta daina shan taba yayin da dalili ke nan.[113] Gasar da ke bukatar mahalarta su saka kudin kansu, "yin yin fare" cewa za su vi nasara wajen daina shan taba, ya zama abin karfafawa. [113] Duk da haka, yana da wuya a dauki mahalarta don irin wannan gasa a cikin kwatancen kai-da-kai tare da wasu samfura masu karfafawa, kamar ba wa mahalarta NRT ko sanya su cikin tsarin lada na yau da kullun.[114] Shaidu sun nuna cewa shirye-shiryen karfafawa na iya yin tasiri ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba.[113] Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai karancin adadin karatu kan "sake da nasara" da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi gasa da sakamakon binciken da ake da su ba su cika ba. [115] ==Yawan jama'a na musamman== ===Yara da matasa=== Hanyoyin amfani da yara da matasa sun hada da: .Habaka habakawa[151] . Taimakon ilimin halin dan adam [151] . Ayyukan hana shan taba sigari na matasa, kamar sa hannu a wasanni . Manhajojin makaranta, kamar horar da dabarun rayuwa . Zaman shawarwarin ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta|152 . Rage isa ga taba . Kafofin watsa labarai na anti-taba, Sadarwar iyali. ===Mata masu ciki=== Shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da illa ga lafiyar mace da tayin. Jagoran Amurka na 2008 ya kaddara cewa "matsalolin zamantakewar mutum-da- mutum" (yawanci ciki har da "shawara mai zurfi") ya karu yawan kaurace wa mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba zuwa 13.3%, idan aka kwatanta da 7.6% a cikin kulawa na yau da kullum. [45]: 165-167 Uwayen da ke shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki suna da halin haihu da wuri. Yawancin jariran su ba su da habaka, suna da kananan sassan jiki, kuma suna da nauyi fiye da matsakaicin nauyin jariri. Bugu da kari, wadannan jariran suna da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa kamar kumburin kunne na tsakiya da mashako mai asthmatic, da kuma yanayin rayuwa kamar ciwon sukari da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], duk suna iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa. [156]. Bugu da kari, wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amirka ta buga ya nuna cewa shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki yana kara yiwuwar mutuwar jarirai ba zato ba tsammani ((SUID) ko (SIDS)). [157]. Hakanan akwai karin damar cewa yaron zai kasance mai shan taba a lokacin girma. Wani bita da aka yi na tsari ya nuna cewa ayyukan zamantakewar zamantakewa suna taimaka wa mata su daina shan taba a karshen ciki kuma yana iya rage hadarin jarirai marasa nauyi. Tatsuniya ce cewa mace mai shan taba na iya cutar da tayin ta hanyar daina gaggawa da gano tana da ciki. Wannan ra'ayin ba ya dogara ne akan wani binciken likita ko gaskiya ba. [159] ===Masu shan taba a asibiti=== Masu shan taba da aka kwantar da su a asibiti na iya zama dalili na musamman don barin. Binciken Cochrane na 2012 ya gano cewa ayyukan da suka fara a lokacin zaman asibiti da ci gaba da wata daya ko fiye bayan fitarwa suna da tasiri wajen haifar da kauracewa. 165. Marasa lafiya da ke yin zaben tiyata na iya samun fa'idodin hanyoyin hana shan sigari kafin a fara aiki, lokacin farawa 4-8 makonni kafin tiyata tare da sa baki na mako-mako don tallafin dabi'a da amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine. [166] An samo shi don rage rikice-rikice da yawan cututtuka bayan tiyata. [166]. ===Rashin hankali=== Mutanen da ke da matsalar vanayi ko rashin kulawa da rashin hankali suna da damar da za su fara shan taba da kuma karancin damar daina shan taba. [167] An kuma ga alaka mafi girma da shan taba a cikin mutanen da aka gano suna da babbar cuta ta damuwa a kowane lokaci a tsawon rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba tare da shi ba. Adadin nasarar da aka samu wajen barin shan taba ya yi kasa sosai ga wadanda ke da babbar matsalar rashin damuwa da mutanen da ba tare da an gano cutar ba. [168] Fitar da hayakin sigari tun farkon rayuwa, lokacin daukar ciki, kuruciya, ko samartaka, na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban daidaikun yara kuma yana kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan damuwa a nan gaba.[167] ===Rikicin amfani da abubuwa na lokaci guda=== Sama da kashi uku bisa hudu na mutanen da ake jinyar amfani da kayan maye suna shan taba a halin yanzu.173] Bayar da shawarwari da magunguna (maganin maye gurbin nicotine kamar faci ko danko, varenicline, da/ko bupropion) yana kara kauracewa taba ba tare da kara hadarin komawa ga sauran abubuwan amfani ba. 174 ==Kwatanta kimar nasara== Kwatankwacin adadin nasara a cikin tsangwama na iya zama da wahala saboda ma'anoni daban-daban na "nasara" a cikin nazarin. [165] Robert West da Saul Shiffman, hukumomi a wanna fanni da ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya na gwamnati suka amince da su a cikin kasashe da yawa, [164]:73, 76, 80 sun kammala cewa, amfani da su tare, "tallafin halayya" da "maganin magani" na iya rubanya damar da za a samu. yunkurin barin aiki zai yi nasara. Wani bita na tsari na 2008 a cikin Jarida ta Turai na Rigakafin Ciwon daji ya gano cewa tsarin halayyar rukuni shine mafi kyawun dabarun shiga tsakani don dakatar da shan taba, sannan bupropion, shawarar likita mai zurfi, maganin maye gurbin nicotine, shawarwarin mutum, shawarwarin tarho, toma baki, da kuma dacewa da kai. -matsalolin taimako; binciken bai tattauna batun varenicline ba. ==Abubuwan da ke shafar nasara== Kashewa na iya zama da wahala ga mutanen da ke da fata mai launin duhu fiye da masu launin fata tun da nicotine yana da alaka ga kyallen da ke dauke da melanin. Bincike ya nuna hakan na iya haifar da al'amarin karuwar dogaro da nicotine da rage yawan daina shan taba a cikin mutane masu launin duhu.(177 Akwai muhimmin bangaren zamantakewa ga shan taba. Yaduwar daina shan taba daga mutum zuwa mutumyana taimakawa wajen raguwar shan taba a wadannan shekaru[178]. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2008 a cibiyar sadarwar da ke da alaka da mutane sama da 12,000 ya gano cewa daina shan taba ta kowane mutum da aka ba shi ya rage damar w a s da ke kewaye da su haskaka ta da adadin masu zuwa: mata da kashi 67%, dan'uwa ta kashi 25%, aboki da 36. %, da abokin aiki da 34%. [178] Duk da haka, wani bita na Cochrane ya kaddara cewa soma baki don kara goyon bayan zamantakewa don yunkurin daina shan taba bai inganta kimar daina dogon lokaci ba. [179] Masu shan taba da ke kokarin daina shan taba suna fuskantar tasirin zamantakewa wanda zai iya riniayar su su bi su ci gaba da shan taba. Sha'awa yana da saukin tsarewa lokacin da yanayin mutum bai haifar da al'ada ba. Ace mutumin da ya daina shan taba yana da kusanci da masu shan taba. Awannan yanayin, sau da yawa ana saka su cikin yanayin da ke sa sha'awar bin ka'idodin da ke da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, a cikin karamin rukuni tare da akalla daya ba shan taba ba, yuwuwar daidaituwa ta ragu. Zagayewar kai yana faruwa lokacin da mutum ya ji dadin shan taba duk da haka yana shan taba don rage jin dadi. Wargaza wannan zagayowar na iya zama mabudin wajen canza dabi'ar zagon kasa181]. Masu shan tabar da ke da babbar matsalar damuwa na iya zama kasa da nasara wajen daina shan sigari fiye da masu shan sigari wadanda ba su da damuwa. (45]:81 [182] Komawa (ci gaba da shan taba bayan dainawa) yana da alaka da lamuran tunani kamar karancin karfin kai, [183] [184] ko mafi kyawun amsawa; [186 = Illoli= ===Alamun janyewa=== CDC ta gane alamun janyewar nicotine guda bakwai da mutane sukan fuskanta lokacin da suke daina shan taba: "sha'awar shan taba, jin haushi, jin haushi, ko bacin rai, jin tsalle da rashin natsuwa, samun wahalar mai da hankali, samun matsala barci, jin yunwa ko samun nauyi, ko jin damuwa, bakin ciki ko damuwa."[189] Bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da magunguna, irin su varenicline [190] [191] na iva zama da amfani wajen rage alamun janyewar yayin aikin dainawa. ===Girman nauyi=== Yin watsi da shan taba yana da alaka da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 4-5 (8.8-11.0 lb) bayan watanni 12, yawancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na barin. [192]. ===Lafiyar tunani=== Kamar sauran magunguna na jiki, jarabar nicotine yana hafar da kayyadaddun ka'idodin samar da dopamine da sauran masu habaka neurotransmitters yayin da kwakwalwa ke kokarin rama abin habakar dan adam da shan taba ke haifarwa. Wasu bincike daga 1990s sun gano cewa lokacin da mutane suka daina shan taba, alamun damuwa irin su halin kashe kansa ko ainihin bacin rai na iya haifar da, [182] [200] ko da yake wani binciken da aka yi a duniya kwanan nan yana kwatanta masu shan taba da suka daina tsawon watanni 3 tare da masu ci gaba da shan taba sun gano cewa dakatar da shan taba. bai bayyana yana kara damuwa ko damuwa ba. [201] Wani bita na 2021 ya gano cewa barin shan taba yana rage damuwa da damuwa. ==Manazarta== ezgsdptuyhhb5hphufgc0ovninm5wt4 887974 887973 2026-07-27T06:15:16Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Papierosa 1 ubt 0069.jpeg|thumb|sigari]] '''Kashe shan taba''', yawanci ana kiransa '''daina shan taba''' ko '''daina shan taba''', shi ne tsarin daina [[shan taba]] . Shan taba yana dauke da nicotine, wanda ke [[Addiction|da haɗari]] kuma yana iya haifar da dogaro .<ref>https://lccn.loc.gov/00244999</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220525083936/https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024422/https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/</ref> A sakamakon haka, cirewar nicotine sau da yawa yana sa tsarin barin ke da wahala. [[Fayil:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|sigari Wanda aka kashe]] A cewar CDC, Kimanin mutane miliyan 8 ne ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da sigari a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da wani nauyi na tattalin arziki na dala tiriliyan 1.4 a ma'aunin duniya a kowace shekara<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/index.htm</ref>. Shan taba sigari shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa da ake iya hanawa da kuma damuwar lafiyar jama'a a duniya.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207276270</ref>Yin amfani da taba yana haifar da mafi yawan cututtuka da ke shafar zuciya da huhu, tare da shan taba yana zama babban haɗari ga [[ciwon zuciya]],[[bugun jini]], [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtuka na huhu na huhu]] (COPD), Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), emphysema, da nau'i daban-daban da nau'in [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] (musamman [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|ciwon huhu na huhu]], ciwon daji na oropharynx, larynx, da [[Ciwon Daji Na Baka|baki]], ciwon daji na esophageal da [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|pancreatic cancer]] ). Rashin shan taba yana da matukar muhimmanci yana rage haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan taba. Hadarin bugun zuciya a cikin mai shan taba yana raguwa da 50% bayan shekara 1 na dainawa. Hakazalaka hadrine galftn cutar kansar huhu yana raguwa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 10 na dainawa Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2010, kusan kashi 70% na masu shan taba a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun nuna sha'awar daina shan taba, kuma 50% sun ruwaito cewa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin hakan a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da dabaru da yawa don dakatar da shan taba, gami da dainawa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da taimako ba (" Turkey mai sanyi "), yankewa sannan barin, shawarwarin ɗabi'a, da magunguna kamar bupropion, cytisine, maye gurbin nicotine, ko varenicline. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]], yawancin masu shan taba sun canza zuwa amfani da sigari na lantarki don daina shan taba. Koyaya, binciken shekarar 2022 ya gano cewa kashi 20% na masu shan sigari waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin amfani da sigari e-cigare don daina shan taba sun yi nasara amma 66% daga cikinsu sun ƙare a matsayin masu amfani da sigari da samfuran vape guda ɗaya shekara guda. Yawancin masu shan taba da suke ƙoƙarin dainawa suna yin hakan ba tare da taimako ba. Koyaya, kawai 3-6% na yunƙurin barin ƙoƙarin ba tare da taimako ba suna samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Shawarwari na dabi'a da magunguna kowanne yana ƙara yawan nasarar barin shan taba, da kuma haɗuwa da shawarwarin hali tare da magani irin su bupropion ya fi tasiri fiye da ko dai shi kadai. A meta-bincike daga 2018, gudanar a kan 61 bazuwar gwajin gwaji, ya nuna cewa a cikin mutanen da suka daina shan taba tare da wani daina magani (da kuma wani hali taimako), kamar 20% har yanzu wadanda ba shan taba a shekara daga baya, idan aka kwatanta da 12% wanda ba su daina shan taba. shan magani.[23] ==Hanyoyin daina shan taba== ===Yi da kai=== Yakan ɗauki yunƙuri da yawa, da yuwuwar yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kowane lokaci, kafin cimma dogon lokaci. Fiye da kashi 74.7% na masu shan sigari suna ƙoƙarin dainawa ba tare da wani taimako ba,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Caraballo RS, Shafer PR, Patel D, Davis KC, McAfee TA | title=Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014-2016 | journal=Preventing Chronic Disease | volume=14 | pages=E32 | date=April 2017 | pmid=28409740 | pmc=5392446 | doi=10.5888/pcd14.160600 }}</ref> in ba haka ba da aka sani da "turkey mai sanyi", ko tare da magungunan gida. Masu shan taba a baya sun yi tsakanin kiyasin ƙoƙari 6 zuwa 30 kafin su yi nasarar dainawa. Gano wace hanya ko dabara a ƙarshe mafi nasara yana da wahala; an yi kiyasin, alal misali, kusan kashi 4 zuwa 7% na mutane ne kawai ke iya daina shan taba a kowane yunƙuri ba tare da magunguna ko wasu taimako ba. Yawancin yunƙurin barin har yanzu ba a taimaka musu ba, ko da yake yanayin yana canzawa. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, adadin barin ba tare da taimako ya faɗi daga 91.8% a 1986 zuwa 52.1% a lokacin 2006 zuwa 2009. Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ba a taimaka ba sune "Turki mai sanyi", kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don nufin ko dai ba tare da taimako ba ko daina ba da gangan da kuma "raguwar adadin" sigari a hankali, ko "raguwar sigari".<ref name="nicotine dependence">{{cite journal | vauthors=Mooney ME, Johnson EO, Breslau N, Bierut LJ, Hatsukami DK | title=Cigarette smoking reduction and changes in nicotine dependence | journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research | volume=13 | issue=6 | pages=426–430 | date=June 2011 | pmid=21367813 | pmc=3103717 | doi=10.1093/ntr/ntr019 | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] on behalf of the [[Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco]] | lccn=00244999 | s2cid=29891495 | editor-link=Marcus Munafo | veditors=Munafò M }}</ref> ===Cold turkey=== "Cold turkey" kalma ce ta magana da ke nuna janyewar ba zato ba tsammani daga magungunan jaraba. A cikin wannan mahallin, yana nuna ba zato ba tsammani da cikakken daina amfani da nicotine. A cikin binciken uku, ita ce hanyar dakatar da 76%, [27] 85%, [28] ko 88% <ref name="Chapman-MacKenzie">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chapman S, MacKenzie R |title=The global research neglect of unassisted smoking cessation: causes and consequences |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e1000216 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20161722 |pmc=2817714 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216 |doi-access=free }}</ref> na dogon lokaci masu nasara sun daina. da wuya" tsayawa, 27% sun ce "yana da matukar wahala", sauran kashi 20% kuma sun ga yana da matukar wahala.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hung WT, Dunlop SM, Perez D, Cotter T |title=Use and perceived helpfulness of smoking cessation methods: results from a population survey of recent quitters |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=11 |page=592 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21791111 |pmc=3160379 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-11-592 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Yanke kasa don barin=== Ragewar hankali ya kunshi sannu a hankali rage yawan shan nicotine a kullum. Ana iya cimma wannan hanyar bisa ka'ida ta hanyar maimaita canje-canje ga sigari tare da kananan matakan nicotine, ta hanyar rage yawan sigari da ake sha kullum, ko kuma ta hanyar shan sigari kadan a kowane lokaci. Wani bita na tsari na 2009 da masu bincike a Jami'ar [[Birmingham]] suka yi sun gano cewa maye gurbin nicotine a hankali zai iya yin tasiri wajen daina shan taba. Babu wani gagarumin bambanci a farashin daina shan sigari da suka daina ta hanyar ragewa a hankali ko dainawa ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar kauracewa shan taba na akalla watanni shida daga ranar dainawa. Wannan bita ya kuma duba taimakon magunguna guda biyar don ragewa. Lokacin rage yawan shan taba sigari, ya sami w a s shaidun cewa karin varenicline ko saurin maye gurbin nicotine na iya tasiri ga barin barin tsawon watanni shida ko fiye.<ref name="LindsonKlemperer2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindson N, Klemperer E, Hong B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Aveyard P |date=September 2019 |title=Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2019 |issue=9 |pages=CD013183 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013183.pub2 |pmc=6953262 |pmid=31565800}}</ref> ===Magunguna=== [[File:Nicoderm.JPG|thumb|A 21mg dose [[nicotine patch]] applied to the left arm]] Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka ta lura cewa "Nazari a cikin mujallolin likita sun ruwaito cewa kimanin kashi 25% a masu shan taba da ke amfani da magunguna na iya zama marasa shan taba fiye da watanni 6."<ref name=ACS-guide>{{cite web |title= Guide to quitting smoking. What do I need to know about quitting |url= http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf |publisher= American Cancer Society |year= 2014 |access-date= 2017-01-08 |archive-date= 2016-06-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609085602/http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf }}</ref> Magunguna guda daya sun hada da: . Maganin maye gurbin nicotine (NRT): Magunguna biyar ne Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su don isar da nicotine a cikin wani nau'i wanda ba ya hada da hadarin shan taba: facin nicotine transdermal, danko nicotine, lozenges nicotine, masu shakar nicotine, nicotine feshin baki, da nicotine na hanci. Shaidu masu inganci sun nuna cewa wadannan nau'ikan NRT suna habaka kimar nasarar mutanen da suke kokarin daina shan taba. Ana nufin amfani da NRTs a dan gajeren lokaci kuma yakamata a sanya su kasa zuwa karamin adadin kafin tsayawa. NRTs suna kara damar daina shan taba da kashi 50 zuwa 60% idan aka kwatanta da placebo ko kuma babu magani.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T | title=Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation | journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume=5 | issue=5 | pages=CD000146 | date=May 2018 | pmid=29852054 | pmc=6353172 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5 }}</ref> Wasu illolin da aka ruwaito sun hada da dan haushi na gida (masu shakar shaka da feshi) da ciwon kirji marasa ischemic (rare).<ref name="www.canada.ca-2022">{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhou HX | title=The debut of PMC Biophysics | journal=PMC Biophysics | volume=1 | issue=1 | page=1 | date=November 2008 | pmid=19351423 | pmc=2605105 | doi=10.1186/1757-5036-1-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML | title=Pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence | journal=CA | volume=55 | issue=5 | pages=281–99; quiz 322–3, 325 | date=2005 | pmid=16166074 | doi=10.3322/canjclin.55.5.281 | s2cid=25668093 | doi-access=free }}</ref> . Antidepressants: An yi la'akari da bupropion antidepressant a matsayin magani na farko don dakatar da shan taba kuma an nuna h i a yawancin binciken don kara yawan nasara na dogon lokaci. Ko da yake bupropion yana karuwa da hadarin samun abubuwan da ba su da kyau, babu wata huia bayyananne cewa miyagun kwayoyi yana da tasiri ko Zasa idan aka kwatanta da placebo. . Varenicline yana rage sha'awar shan taba kuma yana rage alamun cirewa don haka ana daukarsa magani na farko don daina shan taba.[41] Yawan mutanen da ke daina shan taba tare da varenicline ya fi na bupropion ko NRT. [42] Varenicline fiye da ninki biyu damar barin barin idan aka kwatanta da placebo, kuma yana da tasiri kamar hada nau'ikan NRT guda biyu. 2 MG / rana na varenicline an samo shi don hafar da mafi girman yawan abstinence (33.2%) na kowane magani guda daya, yayin da 1MG / rana yana haifar da kimar abstinence na 25.4%. Wani bita na tsarin 2016 da meta-bincike a gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya kare babu wata shaida da ke goyan bayan alaka tsakanin varenicline da habaka abubuwan cututtukan zuciya. . Clonidine na iya rage alamun janyewar kuma "kusan ninki biyu na abstinence rates idan aka kwatanta da placebo," amma illarsa sun hada da bushe baki da kwantar da hankali, kuma dakatar da maganin ba zato ba tsammani zai iya haifar da hawan jini da sauran illoli. [45] 46]. . Babu wata shaida mai kyau cewa anxiolytics suna taimakawa. 47] . Abaya can, rimonabant, wanda shine nav'in antagonist na cannabinoid mai karba, an yi amfani dashi don taimakawa wajen barinwa da kuma daidaita nauyin da ake sa ran. [48]. Amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa masana'antun rimonabant da taranabant sun daina samarwa a cikin 2008 saboda mummunan tasirin CNS. ===Shirye-shiryen al'umma=== Harkokin al'umma ta amfani da "tashoshi da yawa don samar da karfafawa, tallafi da ka'idoii don rashin shan taba" na iya yin tasiri akan sakamakon dakatar da shan taba a tsakanin manya. [49] Hanyoyi na musamman da ake amfani da su a cikin al'umma don karfafa daina shan taba a tsakanin manya sun hada da: . Manufofin yin wuraren aiki [27] da wuraren jama'a marasa shan taba. An kiyasta cewa "cikakkiyar dokokin cikin gida mai tsabta" na iva kara yawan adadin daina shan taba da kashi 12%-38%[50] A cikin 2008, Jihar New York a Alcoholism da Ayyukan Abuse Abuse sun haramta shan taba ta marasa lafiya, ma'aikata, da masu sa kai a cibiyoyin jiyya na 1,300.[51] . Dokokin son rai na sa gidaje su zama marasa shan taba, wadanda ake tunanin suna habaka daina shan taba. [27][52] .Kaddamarwa don ilimantar da jama'a game da illolin kiwon lafiya na shan taba, [53] ciki har da manyan hatsarori na kutsawa cikin hayaki na hannu ga mazauna gidaje masu yawan jama'a. [54] .Kara farashin kayayyakin taba, misali ta hanyar haraji. HUKUNCIN CIGABA DA AlKATAWA "Huija mai mahimmanci" cewa wannan yana da tasiri a cikin karuwar sigari [55]: 28-30 an kiyasta cewa karuwa ta CIGABA DAGA 3-5 %.[50] .Kamfen watsa labarai. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa idan aka hada su tare da wasu nau''in shiga tsakani, kamfen din watsa labarai na iya zama da fa'ida.[55]: 30-32[56.'' .Shaidu masu rauni sun nuna cewa sanya dokar hana shan taba a asibitoci da gidajen yari na iya rage yawan shan taba da shan taba.[57] ===Magungunan masana=== Shirye-shiryen da masana magunguna ke jagoranta sun tabbatar da yin tasiri wajen taimakawa yunkurin daina shan taba. Yawancin sake dubawa na tsari sun kalli mahimmancin shigar da magunguna. A kasar Malesiya, bincikensu ya yi nazari kan yadda masu yin harhada magunguna a cikin kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya gaba daya ya nuna ci gaba wajen tantance farkon cutar. [58] Wannan ya ba da izinin magani na farko yana farawa a cikin COPD mai haifar da shan taba. Bugu da kari, masu harhada magunguna a Malaysia na iya rubuta samfuran NRT, kuma lokacin da suka jagoranci sabis na daina shan taba, ya fi nasara fiye da sauran gwaje-gwajen daina shan taba a Malaysia. [58] An kuma nuna cewa masu ba da magunguna da samfuran NRT sun fi tasiri wajen daina shan taba fiye da amfani da NRT kadai. Acikin ayyukan dakatar da shan sigari da masu siyar da magunguna ke jagoranta a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], binciken ya gano fa'idodin kididdiga da fa'idodi na asibiti suna fifita sa hannun masu harhada magunguna. [59] Sun gano cewa tsarin kulawa, da ziyarar yau da kullun, samun saukin isa ga masu harhada magunguna sun taimaka wa mutane da yawa wadanda ke kokarin barin aiki fize da ba tare da. Duk da haka, binciken ya kammala cewa ya kamata a yi karin bincike a yankin yayin da suka gano wani hadarin da ba a sani ba a cikin binciken da aka hada[59]. ===Hanyoyi na zamantakewa=== The Great American Smokeout taron ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke gayyatar masu shan sigari su daina na kwana daya, da fatan za su iya tsawaita wannan har abada. . Ranar 31 ga watan Mayun kowace shekara ce hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ware ranar yaki da shan taba sigari. . Sau da yawa ana ba da tallafin dakatar da shan taba ta hanyar dakatar da wayar tarho|72][73] (misali, lambar kyauta ta Amurka 1-800-QUIT-NOW), ko kuma cikin mutum. Nazari guda uku na meta-bincike sun kammala cewa tallafin dakatar da tarho yana da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da karamin ko babu shawarwari ko taimakon kai da kuma cewa dakatarwar tarho tare da magani ya fi inganci fiye da magani kadai, [45]: 91-92[55]:40-42 kuma wannan nasiha mai zurfi na mutum ya fi tasiri fiye da takaitaccen shawarwari na sirri. 7 4 ] . Kungiyar 'Yanci Daga Shan Sigari ta kunshi zama takwas kuma tana fasalta tsarin mataki-mataki don barin shan taba. An tsara kowane zama don taimakawa masu shan taba su sami iko akan halayensu. Tsarin asibitin yana karfafa mahalarta suyi aiki a kan tsari da matsalolin barin duka biyu da kuma a matsayin bangare na kungiya.84] . Yawancin nau'd'in t s o m a baki na psychosocial suna habaka kimar barin aiki: 10.8% ba tare da soma baki ba, 15.1% don tsari daya, 18.5% don tsari 2, da 23.2% don tsari uku ko hudu.45: 91 .An yi amfani da tsarin juzu'i, gami da "matakan canji", wajen daidaita hanyoyin dakatar da shan taba ga daidaikun mutane, [85][86](87][88] duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa "taimakon kai na tushen mataki. shisshigi (tsarin kwararru da/ko kayan da aka kebance) da nasha na daidaikun ba su da karfi ko kasa da tasiri fiye da wadanda ba su da tushe."[89]. ===Yadda ake saita ranar bari=== Yawancin albarkatun daina shan taba irin su Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) [90] da kuma Mayo Clinic 9 1 suna karfafa masu shan taba don kirkirar shirin barin, ciki har da saita ranar dainawa, wanda ke taimaka musu tsammani da tsara kalubalen shan taba. Tsarin dainawa zai iya inganta damar mai shan taba na samun nasarar barinsa9 2 [93][94] kamar yadda zai iya saita Litinin, a matsayin ranar dainawa, g a i n cewa bincike ya nuna cewa Litinin fiye da kowace rana ita ce lokacin da masu shan taba ke neman bayanai akan layi. daina shan taba9 5 da kuma kiran da a daina shan taba96]. A [[Nepal]], masu shan taba ba sa son kai, an fara kamfen na lafiya na makonni biyu a ranar Valentine da Vasant panchami don zaburar da mutane su daina shan taba a matsayin sadaukarwa ga kaunatattunsu da yanke shawara mai ma'ana ta rayuwa. Wanna yakin yana daukar hankalin jama'a. [97] ===Taimakon kai=== Kayayyakin taimakon kai na iya haifar da karamar habakar kima musamman lokacin da babu wani nau'i na tallafi na tallafi.[98] "Sakamakon taimakon kai ya kasance mai rauni", kuma adadin nau'ikan taimakon kai bai haifar da kimar kamewa ba. 45]:89-91 Duk da haka, hanyoyin taimakon kai don daina shan taba sun hada da: . Kungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai irin su Nicotine Anonymous, [99][100] ko albarkatun dakatarwa na gizo kamar Smokefree.gov, wanda ke ba da taimako iri-iri ciki har da kayan taimakon kai.[101] .WebMD: hanya ce ta samar da bayanan tushen yanar lafiya, kayan aikin sarrafa lafiya, da tallafi. 102 ===Ra'ayin biochemical=== Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ba masu shan sigari damar g a i n tasirin amfani da taba da kuma tasirin barinsa nan take. Yin amfani da hanyoyin mayar da martani na biochemical na iya ba da damar gano masu amfani da taba da tantancewa, kuma saka idanu a duk kokarin barin a iya kara kuzari don barin. [107][108] Shaida- hikima, an san kadan game da illolin yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen halittu don tantance hadarin mutum dangane da daina shan taba.[109] . Sa ido kan numfashin carbon monoxide (CO): carbon monoxide wani muhimmin sashi ne na hayakin sigari, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urar duba carbon monoxide don gano amfani da sigari na yanzu. Matsalolin carbon monoxide a cikin numfashi yana da alaka kai tsaye tare da hadin gwiwar CO a cikin jini, wanda aka sani da kashi carboxyhemoglobin. Kimar nuna hadin jini CO ga mai shan taba ta hanyar samfurin numfashi mara lalacewa shine yana danganta al'adar shan taba tare da cutarwar jiki da ke hade da shan taba. [110] . Cotinine: Cotinine, metabolite na nicotine, yana cikin masu shan taba. Kamar carbon monoxide, gwajin cotinine na iya zama abin dogara ga yanayin shan taba. [111] Ana iya gwada matakan Cotinine ta [[fitsari]], yau, jini, ko samfuran gashi. Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun gwajin cotinine shine cin zarafi na hanyoyin yin samfur. Duk da yake duka matakan suna ba da babban hankali da kayyadaddun kayyadaddun bayanai, sun bambanta ta hanyar amfani da farashi. Misali, sa ido kan numfashin CO ba mai cutarwa bane, yayin da gwajin cotinine ya dogara da ruwan jiki. Misali, wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu ana iya amfani da su kadai ko tare yayin da tabbatar da kauracewa yana bukatar karin tabbaci 112. ===Gasa da abubuwan kara kuzari=== Kimar kudi ko kayan aiki don jawo hankalin mutane su daina shan taba yana inganta daina shan taba yayin da dalili ke nan.[113] Gasar da ke bukatar mahalarta su saka kudin kansu, "yin yin fare" cewa za su vi nasara wajen daina shan taba, ya zama abin karfafawa. [113] Duk da haka, yana da wuya a dauki mahalarta don irin wannan gasa a cikin kwatancen kai-da-kai tare da wasu samfura masu karfafawa, kamar ba wa mahalarta NRT ko sanya su cikin tsarin lada na yau da kullun.[114] Shaidu sun nuna cewa shirye-shiryen karfafawa na iya yin tasiri ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba.[113] Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai karancin adadin karatu kan "sake da nasara" da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi gasa da sakamakon binciken da ake da su ba su cika ba. [115] ==Yawan jama'a na musamman== ===Yara da matasa=== Hanyoyin amfani da yara da matasa sun hada da: .Habaka habakawa[151] . Taimakon ilimin halin dan adam [151] . Ayyukan hana shan taba sigari na matasa, kamar sa hannu a wasanni . Manhajojin makaranta, kamar horar da dabarun rayuwa . Zaman shawarwarin ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta|152 . Rage isa ga taba . Kafofin watsa labarai na anti-taba, Sadarwar iyali. ===Mata masu ciki=== Shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da illa ga lafiyar mace da tayin. Jagoran Amurka na 2008 ya kaddara cewa "matsalolin zamantakewar mutum-da- mutum" (yawanci ciki har da "shawara mai zurfi") ya karu yawan kaurace wa mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba zuwa 13.3%, idan aka kwatanta da 7.6% a cikin kulawa na yau da kullum. [45]: 165-167 Uwayen da ke shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki suna da halin haihu da wuri. Yawancin jariran su ba su da habaka, suna da kananan sassan jiki, kuma suna da nauyi fiye da matsakaicin nauyin jariri. Bugu da kari, wadannan jariran suna da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa kamar kumburin kunne na tsakiya da mashako mai asthmatic, da kuma yanayin rayuwa kamar ciwon sukari da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], duk suna iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa. [156]. Bugu da kari, wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amirka ta buga ya nuna cewa shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki yana kara yiwuwar mutuwar jarirai ba zato ba tsammani ((SUID) ko (SIDS)). [157]. Hakanan akwai karin damar cewa yaron zai kasance mai shan taba a lokacin girma. Wani bita da aka yi na tsari ya nuna cewa ayyukan zamantakewar zamantakewa suna taimaka wa mata su daina shan taba a karshen ciki kuma yana iya rage hadarin jarirai marasa nauyi. Tatsuniya ce cewa mace mai shan taba na iya cutar da tayin ta hanyar daina gaggawa da gano tana da ciki. Wannan ra'ayin ba ya dogara ne akan wani binciken likita ko gaskiya ba. [159] ===Masu shan taba a asibiti=== Masu shan taba da aka kwantar da su a asibiti na iya zama dalili na musamman don barin. Binciken Cochrane na 2012 ya gano cewa ayyukan da suka fara a lokacin zaman asibiti da ci gaba da wata daya ko fiye bayan fitarwa suna da tasiri wajen haifar da kauracewa. 165. Marasa lafiya da ke yin zaben tiyata na iya samun fa'idodin hanyoyin hana shan sigari kafin a fara aiki, lokacin farawa 4-8 makonni kafin tiyata tare da sa baki na mako-mako don tallafin dabi'a da amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine. [166] An samo shi don rage rikice-rikice da yawan cututtuka bayan tiyata. [166]. ===Rashin hankali=== Mutanen da ke da matsalar vanayi ko rashin kulawa da rashin hankali suna da damar da za su fara shan taba da kuma karancin damar daina shan taba. [167] An kuma ga alaka mafi girma da shan taba a cikin mutanen da aka gano suna da babbar cuta ta damuwa a kowane lokaci a tsawon rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba tare da shi ba. Adadin nasarar da aka samu wajen barin shan taba ya yi kasa sosai ga wadanda ke da babbar matsalar rashin damuwa da mutanen da ba tare da an gano cutar ba. [168] Fitar da hayakin sigari tun farkon rayuwa, lokacin daukar ciki, kuruciya, ko samartaka, na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban daidaikun yara kuma yana kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan damuwa a nan gaba.[167] ===Rikicin amfani da abubuwa na lokaci guda=== Sama da kashi uku bisa hudu na mutanen da ake jinyar amfani da kayan maye suna shan taba a halin yanzu.173] Bayar da shawarwari da magunguna (maganin maye gurbin nicotine kamar faci ko danko, varenicline, da/ko bupropion) yana kara kauracewa taba ba tare da kara hadarin komawa ga sauran abubuwan amfani ba. 174 ==Kwatanta kimar nasara== Kwatankwacin adadin nasara a cikin tsangwama na iya zama da wahala saboda ma'anoni daban-daban na "nasara" a cikin nazarin. [165] Robert West da Saul Shiffman, hukumomi a wanna fanni da ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya na gwamnati suka amince da su a cikin kasashe da yawa, [164]:73, 76, 80 sun kammala cewa, amfani da su tare, "tallafin halayya" da "maganin magani" na iya rubanya damar da za a samu. yunkurin barin aiki zai yi nasara. Wani bita na tsari na 2008 a cikin Jarida ta Turai na Rigakafin Ciwon daji ya gano cewa tsarin halayyar rukuni shine mafi kyawun dabarun shiga tsakani don dakatar da shan taba, sannan bupropion, shawarar likita mai zurfi, maganin maye gurbin nicotine, shawarwarin mutum, shawarwarin tarho, toma baki, da kuma dacewa da kai. -matsalolin taimako; binciken bai tattauna batun varenicline ba. ==Abubuwan da ke shafar nasara== Kashewa na iya zama da wahala ga mutanen da ke da fata mai launin duhu fiye da masu launin fata tun da nicotine yana da alaka ga kyallen da ke dauke da melanin. Bincike ya nuna hakan na iya haifar da al'amarin karuwar dogaro da nicotine da rage yawan daina shan taba a cikin mutane masu launin duhu.(177 Akwai muhimmin bangaren zamantakewa ga shan taba. Yaduwar daina shan taba daga mutum zuwa mutumyana taimakawa wajen raguwar shan taba a wadannan shekaru[178]. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2008 a cibiyar sadarwar da ke da alaka da mutane sama da 12,000 ya gano cewa daina shan taba ta kowane mutum da aka ba shi ya rage damar w a s da ke kewaye da su haskaka ta da adadin masu zuwa: mata da kashi 67%, dan'uwa ta kashi 25%, aboki da 36. %, da abokin aiki da 34%. [178] Duk da haka, wani bita na Cochrane ya kaddara cewa soma baki don kara goyon bayan zamantakewa don yunkurin daina shan taba bai inganta kimar daina dogon lokaci ba. [179] Masu shan taba da ke kokarin daina shan taba suna fuskantar tasirin zamantakewa wanda zai iya riniayar su su bi su ci gaba da shan taba. Sha'awa yana da saukin tsarewa lokacin da yanayin mutum bai haifar da al'ada ba. Ace mutumin da ya daina shan taba yana da kusanci da masu shan taba. Awannan yanayin, sau da yawa ana saka su cikin yanayin da ke sa sha'awar bin ka'idodin da ke da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, a cikin karamin rukuni tare da akalla daya ba shan taba ba, yuwuwar daidaituwa ta ragu. Zagayewar kai yana faruwa lokacin da mutum ya ji dadin shan taba duk da haka yana shan taba don rage jin dadi. Wargaza wannan zagayowar na iya zama mabudin wajen canza dabi'ar zagon kasa181]. Masu shan tabar da ke da babbar matsalar damuwa na iya zama kasa da nasara wajen daina shan sigari fiye da masu shan sigari wadanda ba su da damuwa. (45]:81 [182] Komawa (ci gaba da shan taba bayan dainawa) yana da alaka da lamuran tunani kamar karancin karfin kai, [183] [184] ko mafi kyawun amsawa; [186 = Illoli= ===Alamun janyewa=== CDC ta gane alamun janyewar nicotine guda bakwai da mutane sukan fuskanta lokacin da suke daina shan taba: "sha'awar shan taba, jin haushi, jin haushi, ko bacin rai, jin tsalle da rashin natsuwa, samun wahalar mai da hankali, samun matsala barci, jin yunwa ko samun nauyi, ko jin damuwa, bakin ciki ko damuwa."[189] Bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da magunguna, irin su varenicline [190] [191] na iva zama da amfani wajen rage alamun janyewar yayin aikin dainawa. ===Girman nauyi=== Yin watsi da shan taba yana da alaka da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 4-5 (8.8-11.0 lb) bayan watanni 12, yawancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na barin. [192]. ===Lafiyar tunani=== Kamar sauran magunguna na jiki, jarabar nicotine yana hafar da kayyadaddun ka'idodin samar da dopamine da sauran masu habaka neurotransmitters yayin da kwakwalwa ke kokarin rama abin habakar dan adam da shan taba ke haifarwa. Wasu bincike daga 1990s sun gano cewa lokacin da mutane suka daina shan taba, alamun damuwa irin su halin kashe kansa ko ainihin bacin rai na iya haifar da, [182] [200] ko da yake wani binciken da aka yi a duniya kwanan nan yana kwatanta masu shan taba da suka daina tsawon watanni 3 tare da masu ci gaba da shan taba sun gano cewa dakatar da shan taba. bai bayyana yana kara damuwa ko damuwa ba. [201] Wani bita na 2021 ya gano cewa barin shan taba yana rage damuwa da damuwa. ==Manazarta== 1gwdvvi4cttg62jraygcvw36dgdpgnf 887975 887974 2026-07-27T06:16:31Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Papierosa 1 ubt 0069.jpeg|thumb|sigari]] '''Kashe shan taba''', yawanci ana kiransa '''daina shan taba''' ko '''daina shan taba''', shi ne tsarin daina [[shan taba]] . Shan taba yana dauke da nicotine, wanda ke [[Addiction|da haɗari]] kuma yana iya haifar da dogaro .<ref>https://lccn.loc.gov/00244999</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220525083936/https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024422/https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/</ref> A sakamakon haka, cirewar nicotine sau da yawa yana sa tsarin barin ke da wahala. [[Fayil:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|sigari Wanda aka kashe]] A cewar CDC, Kimanin mutane miliyan 8 ne ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da sigari a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da wani nauyi na tattalin arziki na dala tiriliyan 1.4 a ma'aunin duniya a kowace shekara<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/index.htm</ref>. Shan taba sigari shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa da ake iya hanawa da kuma damuwar lafiyar jama'a a duniya.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207276270</ref>Yin amfani da taba yana haifar da mafi yawan cututtuka da ke shafar zuciya da huhu, tare da shan taba yana zama babban haɗari ga [[ciwon zuciya]],[[bugun jini]], [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtuka na huhu na huhu]] (COPD), Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), emphysema, da nau'i daban-daban da nau'in [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] (musamman [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|ciwon huhu na huhu]], ciwon daji na oropharynx, larynx, da [[Ciwon Daji Na Baka|baki]], ciwon daji na esophageal da [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|pancreatic cancer]] ). Rashin shan taba yana da matukar muhimmanci yana rage haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan taba. Hadarin bugun zuciya a cikin mai shan taba yana raguwa da 50% bayan shekara 1 na dainawa. Haka zalika hadrine galftn cutar kansar huhu yana raguwa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 10 na dainawa Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2010, kusan kashi 70% na masu shan taba a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun nuna sha'awar daina shan taba, kuma 50% sun ruwaito cewa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin hakan a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da dabaru da yawa don dakatar da shan taba, gami da dainawa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da taimako ba (" Turkey mai sanyi "), yankewa sannan barin, shawarwarin ɗabi'a, da magunguna kamar bupropion, cytisine, maye gurbin nicotine, ko varenicline. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]], yawancin masu shan taba sun canza zuwa amfani da sigari na lantarki don daina shan taba. Koyaya, binciken shekarar 2022 ya gano cewa kashi 20% na masu shan sigari waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin amfani da sigari e-cigare don daina shan taba sun yi nasara amma 66% daga cikinsu sun ƙare a matsayin masu amfani da sigari da samfuran vape guda ɗaya shekara guda. Yawancin masu shan taba da suke ƙoƙarin dainawa suna yin hakan ba tare da taimako ba. Koyaya, kawai 3-6% na yunƙurin barin ƙoƙarin ba tare da taimako ba suna samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Shawarwari na dabi'a da magunguna kowanne yana ƙara yawan nasarar barin shan taba, da kuma haɗuwa da shawarwarin hali tare da magani irin su bupropion ya fi tasiri fiye da ko dai shi kadai. A meta-bincike daga 2018, gudanar a kan 61 bazuwar gwajin gwaji, ya nuna cewa a cikin mutanen da suka daina shan taba tare da wani daina magani (da kuma wani hali taimako), kamar 20% har yanzu wadanda ba shan taba a shekara daga baya, idan aka kwatanta da 12% wanda ba su daina shan taba. shan magani.[23] ==Hanyoyin daina shan taba== ===Yi da kai=== Yakan ɗauki yunƙuri da yawa, da yuwuwar yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kowane lokaci, kafin cimma dogon lokaci. Fiye da kashi 74.7% na masu shan sigari suna ƙoƙarin dainawa ba tare da wani taimako ba,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Caraballo RS, Shafer PR, Patel D, Davis KC, McAfee TA | title=Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014-2016 | journal=Preventing Chronic Disease | volume=14 | pages=E32 | date=April 2017 | pmid=28409740 | pmc=5392446 | doi=10.5888/pcd14.160600 }}</ref> in ba haka ba da aka sani da "turkey mai sanyi", ko tare da magungunan gida. Masu shan taba a baya sun yi tsakanin kiyasin ƙoƙari 6 zuwa 30 kafin su yi nasarar dainawa. Gano wace hanya ko dabara a ƙarshe mafi nasara yana da wahala; an yi kiyasin, alal misali, kusan kashi 4 zuwa 7% na mutane ne kawai ke iya daina shan taba a kowane yunƙuri ba tare da magunguna ko wasu taimako ba. Yawancin yunƙurin barin har yanzu ba a taimaka musu ba, ko da yake yanayin yana canzawa. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, adadin barin ba tare da taimako ya faɗi daga 91.8% a 1986 zuwa 52.1% a lokacin 2006 zuwa 2009. Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ba a taimaka ba sune "Turki mai sanyi", kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don nufin ko dai ba tare da taimako ba ko daina ba da gangan da kuma "raguwar adadin" sigari a hankali, ko "raguwar sigari".<ref name="nicotine dependence">{{cite journal | vauthors=Mooney ME, Johnson EO, Breslau N, Bierut LJ, Hatsukami DK | title=Cigarette smoking reduction and changes in nicotine dependence | journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research | volume=13 | issue=6 | pages=426–430 | date=June 2011 | pmid=21367813 | pmc=3103717 | doi=10.1093/ntr/ntr019 | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] on behalf of the [[Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco]] | lccn=00244999 | s2cid=29891495 | editor-link=Marcus Munafo | veditors=Munafò M }}</ref> ===Cold turkey=== "Cold turkey" kalma ce ta magana da ke nuna janyewar ba zato ba tsammani daga magungunan jaraba. A cikin wannan mahallin, yana nuna ba zato ba tsammani da cikakken daina amfani da nicotine. A cikin binciken uku, ita ce hanyar dakatar da 76%, [27] 85%, [28] ko 88% <ref name="Chapman-MacKenzie">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chapman S, MacKenzie R |title=The global research neglect of unassisted smoking cessation: causes and consequences |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e1000216 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20161722 |pmc=2817714 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216 |doi-access=free }}</ref> na dogon lokaci masu nasara sun daina. da wuya" tsayawa, 27% sun ce "yana da matukar wahala", sauran kashi 20% kuma sun ga yana da matukar wahala.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hung WT, Dunlop SM, Perez D, Cotter T |title=Use and perceived helpfulness of smoking cessation methods: results from a population survey of recent quitters |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=11 |page=592 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21791111 |pmc=3160379 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-11-592 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Yanke kasa don barin=== Ragewar hankali ya kunshi sannu a hankali rage yawan shan nicotine a kullum. Ana iya cimma wannan hanyar bisa ka'ida ta hanyar maimaita canje-canje ga sigari tare da kananan matakan nicotine, ta hanyar rage yawan sigari da ake sha kullum, ko kuma ta hanyar shan sigari kadan a kowane lokaci. Wani bita na tsari na 2009 da masu bincike a Jami'ar [[Birmingham]] suka yi sun gano cewa maye gurbin nicotine a hankali zai iya yin tasiri wajen daina shan taba. Babu wani gagarumin bambanci a farashin daina shan sigari da suka daina ta hanyar ragewa a hankali ko dainawa ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar kauracewa shan taba na akalla watanni shida daga ranar dainawa. Wannan bita ya kuma duba taimakon magunguna guda biyar don ragewa. Lokacin rage yawan shan taba sigari, ya sami w a s shaidun cewa karin varenicline ko saurin maye gurbin nicotine na iya tasiri ga barin barin tsawon watanni shida ko fiye.<ref name="LindsonKlemperer2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindson N, Klemperer E, Hong B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Aveyard P |date=September 2019 |title=Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2019 |issue=9 |pages=CD013183 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013183.pub2 |pmc=6953262 |pmid=31565800}}</ref> ===Magunguna=== [[File:Nicoderm.JPG|thumb|A 21mg dose [[nicotine patch]] applied to the left arm]] Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka ta lura cewa "Nazari a cikin mujallolin likita sun ruwaito cewa kimanin kashi 25% a masu shan taba da ke amfani da magunguna na iya zama marasa shan taba fiye da watanni 6."<ref name=ACS-guide>{{cite web |title= Guide to quitting smoking. What do I need to know about quitting |url= http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf |publisher= American Cancer Society |year= 2014 |access-date= 2017-01-08 |archive-date= 2016-06-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609085602/http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf }}</ref> Magunguna guda daya sun hada da: . Maganin maye gurbin nicotine (NRT): Magunguna biyar ne Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su don isar da nicotine a cikin wani nau'i wanda ba ya hada da hadarin shan taba: facin nicotine transdermal, danko nicotine, lozenges nicotine, masu shakar nicotine, nicotine feshin baki, da nicotine na hanci. Shaidu masu inganci sun nuna cewa wadannan nau'ikan NRT suna habaka kimar nasarar mutanen da suke kokarin daina shan taba. Ana nufin amfani da NRTs a dan gajeren lokaci kuma yakamata a sanya su kasa zuwa karamin adadin kafin tsayawa. NRTs suna kara damar daina shan taba da kashi 50 zuwa 60% idan aka kwatanta da placebo ko kuma babu magani.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T | title=Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation | journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume=5 | issue=5 | pages=CD000146 | date=May 2018 | pmid=29852054 | pmc=6353172 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5 }}</ref> Wasu illolin da aka ruwaito sun hada da dan haushi na gida (masu shakar shaka da feshi) da ciwon kirji marasa ischemic (rare).<ref name="www.canada.ca-2022">{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhou HX | title=The debut of PMC Biophysics | journal=PMC Biophysics | volume=1 | issue=1 | page=1 | date=November 2008 | pmid=19351423 | pmc=2605105 | doi=10.1186/1757-5036-1-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML | title=Pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence | journal=CA | volume=55 | issue=5 | pages=281–99; quiz 322–3, 325 | date=2005 | pmid=16166074 | doi=10.3322/canjclin.55.5.281 | s2cid=25668093 | doi-access=free }}</ref> . Antidepressants: An yi la'akari da bupropion antidepressant a matsayin magani na farko don dakatar da shan taba kuma an nuna h i a yawancin binciken don kara yawan nasara na dogon lokaci. Ko da yake bupropion yana karuwa da hadarin samun abubuwan da ba su da kyau, babu wata huia bayyananne cewa miyagun kwayoyi yana da tasiri ko Zasa idan aka kwatanta da placebo. . Varenicline yana rage sha'awar shan taba kuma yana rage alamun cirewa don haka ana daukarsa magani na farko don daina shan taba.[41] Yawan mutanen da ke daina shan taba tare da varenicline ya fi na bupropion ko NRT. [42] Varenicline fiye da ninki biyu damar barin barin idan aka kwatanta da placebo, kuma yana da tasiri kamar hada nau'ikan NRT guda biyu. 2 MG / rana na varenicline an samo shi don hafar da mafi girman yawan abstinence (33.2%) na kowane magani guda daya, yayin da 1MG / rana yana haifar da kimar abstinence na 25.4%. Wani bita na tsarin 2016 da meta-bincike a gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya kare babu wata shaida da ke goyan bayan alaka tsakanin varenicline da habaka abubuwan cututtukan zuciya. . Clonidine na iya rage alamun janyewar kuma "kusan ninki biyu na abstinence rates idan aka kwatanta da placebo," amma illarsa sun hada da bushe baki da kwantar da hankali, kuma dakatar da maganin ba zato ba tsammani zai iya haifar da hawan jini da sauran illoli. [45] 46]. . Babu wata shaida mai kyau cewa anxiolytics suna taimakawa. 47] . Abaya can, rimonabant, wanda shine nav'in antagonist na cannabinoid mai karba, an yi amfani dashi don taimakawa wajen barinwa da kuma daidaita nauyin da ake sa ran. [48]. Amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa masana'antun rimonabant da taranabant sun daina samarwa a cikin 2008 saboda mummunan tasirin CNS. ===Shirye-shiryen al'umma=== Harkokin al'umma ta amfani da "tashoshi da yawa don samar da karfafawa, tallafi da ka'idoii don rashin shan taba" na iya yin tasiri akan sakamakon dakatar da shan taba a tsakanin manya. [49] Hanyoyi na musamman da ake amfani da su a cikin al'umma don karfafa daina shan taba a tsakanin manya sun hada da: . Manufofin yin wuraren aiki [27] da wuraren jama'a marasa shan taba. An kiyasta cewa "cikakkiyar dokokin cikin gida mai tsabta" na iva kara yawan adadin daina shan taba da kashi 12%-38%[50] A cikin 2008, Jihar New York a Alcoholism da Ayyukan Abuse Abuse sun haramta shan taba ta marasa lafiya, ma'aikata, da masu sa kai a cibiyoyin jiyya na 1,300.[51] . Dokokin son rai na sa gidaje su zama marasa shan taba, wadanda ake tunanin suna habaka daina shan taba. [27][52] .Kaddamarwa don ilimantar da jama'a game da illolin kiwon lafiya na shan taba, [53] ciki har da manyan hatsarori na kutsawa cikin hayaki na hannu ga mazauna gidaje masu yawan jama'a. [54] .Kara farashin kayayyakin taba, misali ta hanyar haraji. HUKUNCIN CIGABA DA AlKATAWA "Huija mai mahimmanci" cewa wannan yana da tasiri a cikin karuwar sigari [55]: 28-30 an kiyasta cewa karuwa ta CIGABA DAGA 3-5 %.[50] .Kamfen watsa labarai. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa idan aka hada su tare da wasu nau''in shiga tsakani, kamfen din watsa labarai na iya zama da fa'ida.[55]: 30-32[56.'' .Shaidu masu rauni sun nuna cewa sanya dokar hana shan taba a asibitoci da gidajen yari na iya rage yawan shan taba da shan taba.[57] ===Magungunan masana=== Shirye-shiryen da masana magunguna ke jagoranta sun tabbatar da yin tasiri wajen taimakawa yunkurin daina shan taba. Yawancin sake dubawa na tsari sun kalli mahimmancin shigar da magunguna. A kasar Malesiya, bincikensu ya yi nazari kan yadda masu yin harhada magunguna a cikin kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya gaba daya ya nuna ci gaba wajen tantance farkon cutar. [58] Wannan ya ba da izinin magani na farko yana farawa a cikin COPD mai haifar da shan taba. Bugu da kari, masu harhada magunguna a Malaysia na iya rubuta samfuran NRT, kuma lokacin da suka jagoranci sabis na daina shan taba, ya fi nasara fiye da sauran gwaje-gwajen daina shan taba a Malaysia. [58] An kuma nuna cewa masu ba da magunguna da samfuran NRT sun fi tasiri wajen daina shan taba fiye da amfani da NRT kadai. Acikin ayyukan dakatar da shan sigari da masu siyar da magunguna ke jagoranta a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], binciken ya gano fa'idodin kididdiga da fa'idodi na asibiti suna fifita sa hannun masu harhada magunguna. [59] Sun gano cewa tsarin kulawa, da ziyarar yau da kullun, samun saukin isa ga masu harhada magunguna sun taimaka wa mutane da yawa wadanda ke kokarin barin aiki fize da ba tare da. Duk da haka, binciken ya kammala cewa ya kamata a yi karin bincike a yankin yayin da suka gano wani hadarin da ba a sani ba a cikin binciken da aka hada[59]. ===Hanyoyi na zamantakewa=== The Great American Smokeout taron ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke gayyatar masu shan sigari su daina na kwana daya, da fatan za su iya tsawaita wannan har abada. . Ranar 31 ga watan Mayun kowace shekara ce hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ware ranar yaki da shan taba sigari. . Sau da yawa ana ba da tallafin dakatar da shan taba ta hanyar dakatar da wayar tarho|72][73] (misali, lambar kyauta ta Amurka 1-800-QUIT-NOW), ko kuma cikin mutum. Nazari guda uku na meta-bincike sun kammala cewa tallafin dakatar da tarho yana da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da karamin ko babu shawarwari ko taimakon kai da kuma cewa dakatarwar tarho tare da magani ya fi inganci fiye da magani kadai, [45]: 91-92[55]:40-42 kuma wannan nasiha mai zurfi na mutum ya fi tasiri fiye da takaitaccen shawarwari na sirri. 7 4 ] . Kungiyar 'Yanci Daga Shan Sigari ta kunshi zama takwas kuma tana fasalta tsarin mataki-mataki don barin shan taba. An tsara kowane zama don taimakawa masu shan taba su sami iko akan halayensu. Tsarin asibitin yana karfafa mahalarta suyi aiki a kan tsari da matsalolin barin duka biyu da kuma a matsayin bangare na kungiya.84] . Yawancin nau'd'in t s o m a baki na psychosocial suna habaka kimar barin aiki: 10.8% ba tare da soma baki ba, 15.1% don tsari daya, 18.5% don tsari 2, da 23.2% don tsari uku ko hudu.45: 91 .An yi amfani da tsarin juzu'i, gami da "matakan canji", wajen daidaita hanyoyin dakatar da shan taba ga daidaikun mutane, [85][86](87][88] duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa "taimakon kai na tushen mataki. shisshigi (tsarin kwararru da/ko kayan da aka kebance) da nasha na daidaikun ba su da karfi ko kasa da tasiri fiye da wadanda ba su da tushe."[89]. ===Yadda ake saita ranar bari=== Yawancin albarkatun daina shan taba irin su Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) [90] da kuma Mayo Clinic 9 1 suna karfafa masu shan taba don kirkirar shirin barin, ciki har da saita ranar dainawa, wanda ke taimaka musu tsammani da tsara kalubalen shan taba. Tsarin dainawa zai iya inganta damar mai shan taba na samun nasarar barinsa9 2 [93][94] kamar yadda zai iya saita Litinin, a matsayin ranar dainawa, g a i n cewa bincike ya nuna cewa Litinin fiye da kowace rana ita ce lokacin da masu shan taba ke neman bayanai akan layi. daina shan taba9 5 da kuma kiran da a daina shan taba96]. A [[Nepal]], masu shan taba ba sa son kai, an fara kamfen na lafiya na makonni biyu a ranar Valentine da Vasant panchami don zaburar da mutane su daina shan taba a matsayin sadaukarwa ga kaunatattunsu da yanke shawara mai ma'ana ta rayuwa. Wanna yakin yana daukar hankalin jama'a. [97] ===Taimakon kai=== Kayayyakin taimakon kai na iya haifar da karamar habakar kima musamman lokacin da babu wani nau'i na tallafi na tallafi.[98] "Sakamakon taimakon kai ya kasance mai rauni", kuma adadin nau'ikan taimakon kai bai haifar da kimar kamewa ba. 45]:89-91 Duk da haka, hanyoyin taimakon kai don daina shan taba sun hada da: . Kungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai irin su Nicotine Anonymous, [99][100] ko albarkatun dakatarwa na gizo kamar Smokefree.gov, wanda ke ba da taimako iri-iri ciki har da kayan taimakon kai.[101] .WebMD: hanya ce ta samar da bayanan tushen yanar lafiya, kayan aikin sarrafa lafiya, da tallafi. 102 ===Ra'ayin biochemical=== Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ba masu shan sigari damar g a i n tasirin amfani da taba da kuma tasirin barinsa nan take. Yin amfani da hanyoyin mayar da martani na biochemical na iya ba da damar gano masu amfani da taba da tantancewa, kuma saka idanu a duk kokarin barin a iya kara kuzari don barin. [107][108] Shaida- hikima, an san kadan game da illolin yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen halittu don tantance hadarin mutum dangane da daina shan taba.[109] . Sa ido kan numfashin carbon monoxide (CO): carbon monoxide wani muhimmin sashi ne na hayakin sigari, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urar duba carbon monoxide don gano amfani da sigari na yanzu. Matsalolin carbon monoxide a cikin numfashi yana da alaka kai tsaye tare da hadin gwiwar CO a cikin jini, wanda aka sani da kashi carboxyhemoglobin. Kimar nuna hadin jini CO ga mai shan taba ta hanyar samfurin numfashi mara lalacewa shine yana danganta al'adar shan taba tare da cutarwar jiki da ke hade da shan taba. [110] . Cotinine: Cotinine, metabolite na nicotine, yana cikin masu shan taba. Kamar carbon monoxide, gwajin cotinine na iya zama abin dogara ga yanayin shan taba. [111] Ana iya gwada matakan Cotinine ta [[fitsari]], yau, jini, ko samfuran gashi. Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun gwajin cotinine shine cin zarafi na hanyoyin yin samfur. Duk da yake duka matakan suna ba da babban hankali da kayyadaddun kayyadaddun bayanai, sun bambanta ta hanyar amfani da farashi. Misali, sa ido kan numfashin CO ba mai cutarwa bane, yayin da gwajin cotinine ya dogara da ruwan jiki. Misali, wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu ana iya amfani da su kadai ko tare yayin da tabbatar da kauracewa yana bukatar karin tabbaci 112. ===Gasa da abubuwan kara kuzari=== Kimar kudi ko kayan aiki don jawo hankalin mutane su daina shan taba yana inganta daina shan taba yayin da dalili ke nan.[113] Gasar da ke bukatar mahalarta su saka kudin kansu, "yin yin fare" cewa za su vi nasara wajen daina shan taba, ya zama abin karfafawa. [113] Duk da haka, yana da wuya a dauki mahalarta don irin wannan gasa a cikin kwatancen kai-da-kai tare da wasu samfura masu karfafawa, kamar ba wa mahalarta NRT ko sanya su cikin tsarin lada na yau da kullun.[114] Shaidu sun nuna cewa shirye-shiryen karfafawa na iya yin tasiri ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba.[113] Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai karancin adadin karatu kan "sake da nasara" da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi gasa da sakamakon binciken da ake da su ba su cika ba. [115] ==Yawan jama'a na musamman== ===Yara da matasa=== Hanyoyin amfani da yara da matasa sun hada da: .Habaka habakawa[151] . Taimakon ilimin halin dan adam [151] . Ayyukan hana shan taba sigari na matasa, kamar sa hannu a wasanni . Manhajojin makaranta, kamar horar da dabarun rayuwa . Zaman shawarwarin ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta|152 . Rage isa ga taba . Kafofin watsa labarai na anti-taba, Sadarwar iyali. ===Mata masu ciki=== Shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da illa ga lafiyar mace da tayin. Jagoran Amurka na 2008 ya kaddara cewa "matsalolin zamantakewar mutum-da- mutum" (yawanci ciki har da "shawara mai zurfi") ya karu yawan kaurace wa mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba zuwa 13.3%, idan aka kwatanta da 7.6% a cikin kulawa na yau da kullum. [45]: 165-167 Uwayen da ke shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki suna da halin haihu da wuri. Yawancin jariran su ba su da habaka, suna da kananan sassan jiki, kuma suna da nauyi fiye da matsakaicin nauyin jariri. Bugu da kari, wadannan jariran suna da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa kamar kumburin kunne na tsakiya da mashako mai asthmatic, da kuma yanayin rayuwa kamar ciwon sukari da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], duk suna iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa. [156]. Bugu da kari, wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amirka ta buga ya nuna cewa shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki yana kara yiwuwar mutuwar jarirai ba zato ba tsammani ((SUID) ko (SIDS)). [157]. Hakanan akwai karin damar cewa yaron zai kasance mai shan taba a lokacin girma. Wani bita da aka yi na tsari ya nuna cewa ayyukan zamantakewar zamantakewa suna taimaka wa mata su daina shan taba a karshen ciki kuma yana iya rage hadarin jarirai marasa nauyi. Tatsuniya ce cewa mace mai shan taba na iya cutar da tayin ta hanyar daina gaggawa da gano tana da ciki. Wannan ra'ayin ba ya dogara ne akan wani binciken likita ko gaskiya ba. [159] ===Masu shan taba a asibiti=== Masu shan taba da aka kwantar da su a asibiti na iya zama dalili na musamman don barin. Binciken Cochrane na 2012 ya gano cewa ayyukan da suka fara a lokacin zaman asibiti da ci gaba da wata daya ko fiye bayan fitarwa suna da tasiri wajen haifar da kauracewa. 165. Marasa lafiya da ke yin zaben tiyata na iya samun fa'idodin hanyoyin hana shan sigari kafin a fara aiki, lokacin farawa 4-8 makonni kafin tiyata tare da sa baki na mako-mako don tallafin dabi'a da amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine. [166] An samo shi don rage rikice-rikice da yawan cututtuka bayan tiyata. [166]. ===Rashin hankali=== Mutanen da ke da matsalar vanayi ko rashin kulawa da rashin hankali suna da damar da za su fara shan taba da kuma karancin damar daina shan taba. [167] An kuma ga alaka mafi girma da shan taba a cikin mutanen da aka gano suna da babbar cuta ta damuwa a kowane lokaci a tsawon rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba tare da shi ba. Adadin nasarar da aka samu wajen barin shan taba ya yi kasa sosai ga wadanda ke da babbar matsalar rashin damuwa da mutanen da ba tare da an gano cutar ba. [168] Fitar da hayakin sigari tun farkon rayuwa, lokacin daukar ciki, kuruciya, ko samartaka, na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban daidaikun yara kuma yana kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan damuwa a nan gaba.[167] ===Rikicin amfani da abubuwa na lokaci guda=== Sama da kashi uku bisa hudu na mutanen da ake jinyar amfani da kayan maye suna shan taba a halin yanzu.173] Bayar da shawarwari da magunguna (maganin maye gurbin nicotine kamar faci ko danko, varenicline, da/ko bupropion) yana kara kauracewa taba ba tare da kara hadarin komawa ga sauran abubuwan amfani ba. 174 ==Kwatanta kimar nasara== Kwatankwacin adadin nasara a cikin tsangwama na iya zama da wahala saboda ma'anoni daban-daban na "nasara" a cikin nazarin. [165] Robert West da Saul Shiffman, hukumomi a wanna fanni da ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya na gwamnati suka amince da su a cikin kasashe da yawa, [164]:73, 76, 80 sun kammala cewa, amfani da su tare, "tallafin halayya" da "maganin magani" na iya rubanya damar da za a samu. yunkurin barin aiki zai yi nasara. Wani bita na tsari na 2008 a cikin Jarida ta Turai na Rigakafin Ciwon daji ya gano cewa tsarin halayyar rukuni shine mafi kyawun dabarun shiga tsakani don dakatar da shan taba, sannan bupropion, shawarar likita mai zurfi, maganin maye gurbin nicotine, shawarwarin mutum, shawarwarin tarho, toma baki, da kuma dacewa da kai. -matsalolin taimako; binciken bai tattauna batun varenicline ba. ==Abubuwan da ke shafar nasara== Kashewa na iya zama da wahala ga mutanen da ke da fata mai launin duhu fiye da masu launin fata tun da nicotine yana da alaka ga kyallen da ke dauke da melanin. Bincike ya nuna hakan na iya haifar da al'amarin karuwar dogaro da nicotine da rage yawan daina shan taba a cikin mutane masu launin duhu.(177 Akwai muhimmin bangaren zamantakewa ga shan taba. Yaduwar daina shan taba daga mutum zuwa mutumyana taimakawa wajen raguwar shan taba a wadannan shekaru[178]. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2008 a cibiyar sadarwar da ke da alaka da mutane sama da 12,000 ya gano cewa daina shan taba ta kowane mutum da aka ba shi ya rage damar w a s da ke kewaye da su haskaka ta da adadin masu zuwa: mata da kashi 67%, dan'uwa ta kashi 25%, aboki da 36. %, da abokin aiki da 34%. [178] Duk da haka, wani bita na Cochrane ya kaddara cewa soma baki don kara goyon bayan zamantakewa don yunkurin daina shan taba bai inganta kimar daina dogon lokaci ba. [179] Masu shan taba da ke kokarin daina shan taba suna fuskantar tasirin zamantakewa wanda zai iya riniayar su su bi su ci gaba da shan taba. Sha'awa yana da saukin tsarewa lokacin da yanayin mutum bai haifar da al'ada ba. Ace mutumin da ya daina shan taba yana da kusanci da masu shan taba. Awannan yanayin, sau da yawa ana saka su cikin yanayin da ke sa sha'awar bin ka'idodin da ke da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, a cikin karamin rukuni tare da akalla daya ba shan taba ba, yuwuwar daidaituwa ta ragu. Zagayewar kai yana faruwa lokacin da mutum ya ji dadin shan taba duk da haka yana shan taba don rage jin dadi. Wargaza wannan zagayowar na iya zama mabudin wajen canza dabi'ar zagon kasa181]. Masu shan tabar da ke da babbar matsalar damuwa na iya zama kasa da nasara wajen daina shan sigari fiye da masu shan sigari wadanda ba su da damuwa. (45]:81 [182] Komawa (ci gaba da shan taba bayan dainawa) yana da alaka da lamuran tunani kamar karancin karfin kai, [183] [184] ko mafi kyawun amsawa; [186 = Illoli= ===Alamun janyewa=== CDC ta gane alamun janyewar nicotine guda bakwai da mutane sukan fuskanta lokacin da suke daina shan taba: "sha'awar shan taba, jin haushi, jin haushi, ko bacin rai, jin tsalle da rashin natsuwa, samun wahalar mai da hankali, samun matsala barci, jin yunwa ko samun nauyi, ko jin damuwa, bakin ciki ko damuwa."[189] Bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da magunguna, irin su varenicline [190] [191] na iva zama da amfani wajen rage alamun janyewar yayin aikin dainawa. ===Girman nauyi=== Yin watsi da shan taba yana da alaka da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 4-5 (8.8-11.0 lb) bayan watanni 12, yawancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na barin. [192]. ===Lafiyar tunani=== Kamar sauran magunguna na jiki, jarabar nicotine yana hafar da kayyadaddun ka'idodin samar da dopamine da sauran masu habaka neurotransmitters yayin da kwakwalwa ke kokarin rama abin habakar dan adam da shan taba ke haifarwa. Wasu bincike daga 1990s sun gano cewa lokacin da mutane suka daina shan taba, alamun damuwa irin su halin kashe kansa ko ainihin bacin rai na iya haifar da, [182] [200] ko da yake wani binciken da aka yi a duniya kwanan nan yana kwatanta masu shan taba da suka daina tsawon watanni 3 tare da masu ci gaba da shan taba sun gano cewa dakatar da shan taba. bai bayyana yana kara damuwa ko damuwa ba. [201] Wani bita na 2021 ya gano cewa barin shan taba yana rage damuwa da damuwa. ==Manazarta== 6qh72efi87oins3bcflyctfvfpe0s35 887984 887975 2026-07-27T07:40:21Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Papierosa 1 ubt 0069.jpeg|thumb|sigari]] '''Kashe shan taba''', yawanci ana kiransa '''daina shan taba''' ko '''daina shan taba''', shi ne tsarin daina [[shan taba]] . Shan taba yana dauke da nicotine, wanda ke [[Addiction|da haɗari]] kuma yana iya haifar da dogaro .<ref>https://lccn.loc.gov/00244999</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220525083936/https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024422/https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/</ref> A sakamakon haka, cirewar nicotine sau da yawa yana sa tsarin barin ke da wahala. [[Fayil:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|sigari Wanda aka kashe]] A cewar CDC, Kimanin mutane miliyan 8 ne ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da sigari a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da wani nauyi na tattalin arziki na dala tiriliyan 1.4 a ma'aunin duniya a kowace shekara<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/index.htm</ref>. Shan taba sigari shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa da ake iya hanawa da kuma damuwar lafiyar jama'a a duniya.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207276270</ref>Yin amfani da taba yana haifar da mafi yawan cututtuka da ke shafar zuciya da huhu, tare da shan taba yana zama babban haɗari ga [[ciwon zuciya]],[[bugun jini]], [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtuka na huhu na huhu]] (COPD), Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), emphysema, da nau'i daban-daban da nau'in [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] (musamman [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|ciwon huhu na huhu]], ciwon daji na oropharynx, larynx, da [[Ciwon Daji Na Baka|baki]], ciwon daji na esophageal da [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|pancreatic cancer]] ). Rashin shan taba yana da matukar muhimmanci yana rage haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan taba. Hadarin bugun zuciya a cikin mai shan taba yana raguwa da 50% bayan shekara 1 na dainawa. Haka zalika hadrine galftn cutar kansar huhu yana raguwa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 10 na dainawa Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2010, kusan kashi 70% na masu shan taba a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun nuna sha'awar daina shan taba, kuma 50% sun ruwaito cewa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin hakan a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da dabaru da yawa don dakatar da shan taba, gami da dainawa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da taimako ba (" Turkey mai sanyi "), yankewa sannan barin, shawarwarin ɗabi'a, da magunguna kamar bupropion, cytisine, maye gurbin nicotine, ko varenicline. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]], yawancin masu shan taba sun canza zuwa amfani da sigari na lantarki don daina shan taba. Koyaya, binciken shekarar 2022 ya gano cewa kashi 20% na masu shan sigari waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin amfani da sigari e-cigare don daina shan taba sun yi nasara amma 66% daga cikinsu sun ƙare a matsayin masu amfani da sigari da samfuran vape guda ɗaya shekara guda. Yawancin masu shan taba da suke ƙoƙarin dainawa suna yin hakan ba tare da taimako ba. Koyaya, kawai 3-6% na yunƙurin barin ƙoƙarin ba tare da taimako ba suna samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Shawarwari na dabi'a da magunguna kowanne yana ƙara yawan nasarar barin shan taba, da kuma haɗuwa da shawarwarin hali tare da magani irin su bupropion ya fi tasiri fiye da ko dai shi kadai. A meta-bincike daga shekarar 2018, gudanar a kan 61 bazuwar gwajin gwaji, ya nuna cewa a cikin mutanen da suka daina shan taba tare da wani daina magani (da kuma wani hali taimako), kamar 20% har yanzu wadanda ba shan taba a shekara daga baya, idan aka kwatanta da 12% wanda ba su daina shan taba. shan magani.[23] ==Hanyoyin daina shan taba== ===Yi da kai=== Yakan ɗauki yunƙuri da yawa, da yuwuwar yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kowane lokaci, kafin cimma dogon lokaci. Fiye da kashi 74.7% na masu shan sigari suna ƙoƙarin dainawa ba tare da wani taimako ba,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Caraballo RS, Shafer PR, Patel D, Davis KC, McAfee TA | title=Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014-2016 | journal=Preventing Chronic Disease | volume=14 | pages=E32 | date=April 2017 | pmid=28409740 | pmc=5392446 | doi=10.5888/pcd14.160600 }}</ref> in ba haka ba da aka sani da "turkey mai sanyi", ko tare da magungunan gida. Masu shan taba a baya sun yi tsakanin kiyasin ƙoƙari 6 zuwa 30 kafin su yi nasarar dainawa. Gano wace hanya ko dabara a ƙarshe mafi nasara yana da wahala; an yi kiyasin, alal misali, kusan kashi 4 zuwa 7% na mutane ne kawai ke iya daina shan taba a kowane yunƙuri ba tare da magunguna ko wasu taimako ba. Yawancin yunƙurin barin har yanzu ba a taimaka musu ba, ko da yake yanayin yana canzawa. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, adadin barin ba tare da taimako ya faɗi daga 91.8% a 1986 zuwa 52.1% a lokacin 2006 zuwa 2009. Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ba a taimaka ba sune "Turki mai sanyi", kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don nufin ko dai ba tare da taimako ba ko daina ba da gangan da kuma "raguwar adadin" sigari a hankali, ko "raguwar sigari".<ref name="nicotine dependence">{{cite journal | vauthors=Mooney ME, Johnson EO, Breslau N, Bierut LJ, Hatsukami DK | title=Cigarette smoking reduction and changes in nicotine dependence | journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research | volume=13 | issue=6 | pages=426–430 | date=June 2011 | pmid=21367813 | pmc=3103717 | doi=10.1093/ntr/ntr019 | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] on behalf of the [[Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco]] | lccn=00244999 | s2cid=29891495 | editor-link=Marcus Munafo | veditors=Munafò M }}</ref> ===Cold turkey=== "Cold turkey" kalma ce ta magana da ke nuna janyewar ba zato ba tsammani daga magungunan jaraba. A cikin wannan mahallin, yana nuna ba zato ba tsammani da cikakken daina amfani da nicotine. A cikin binciken uku, ita ce hanyar dakatar da 76%, [27] 85%, [28] ko 88% <ref name="Chapman-MacKenzie">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chapman S, MacKenzie R |title=The global research neglect of unassisted smoking cessation: causes and consequences |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e1000216 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20161722 |pmc=2817714 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216 |doi-access=free }}</ref> na dogon lokaci masu nasara sun daina. da wuya" tsayawa, 27% sun ce "yana da matukar wahala", sauran kashi 20% kuma sun ga yana da matukar wahala.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hung WT, Dunlop SM, Perez D, Cotter T |title=Use and perceived helpfulness of smoking cessation methods: results from a population survey of recent quitters |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=11 |page=592 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21791111 |pmc=3160379 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-11-592 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Yanke kasa don barin=== Ragewar hankali ya kunshi sannu a hankali rage yawan shan nicotine a kullum. Ana iya cimma wannan hanyar bisa ka'ida ta hanyar maimaita canje-canje ga sigari tare da kananan matakan nicotine, ta hanyar rage yawan sigari da ake sha kullum, ko kuma ta hanyar shan sigari kadan a kowane lokaci. Wani bita na tsari na 2009 da masu bincike a Jami'ar [[Birmingham]] suka yi sun gano cewa maye gurbin nicotine a hankali zai iya yin tasiri wajen daina shan taba. Babu wani gagarumin bambanci a farashin daina shan sigari da suka daina ta hanyar ragewa a hankali ko dainawa ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar kauracewa shan taba na akalla watanni shida daga ranar dainawa. Wannan bita ya kuma duba taimakon magunguna guda biyar don ragewa. Lokacin rage yawan shan taba sigari, ya sami w a s shaidun cewa karin varenicline ko saurin maye gurbin nicotine na iya tasiri ga barin barin tsawon watanni shida ko fiye.<ref name="LindsonKlemperer2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindson N, Klemperer E, Hong B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Aveyard P |date=September 2019 |title=Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2019 |issue=9 |pages=CD013183 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013183.pub2 |pmc=6953262 |pmid=31565800}}</ref> ===Magunguna=== [[File:Nicoderm.JPG|thumb|A 21mg dose [[nicotine patch]] applied to the left arm]] Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka ta lura cewa "Nazari a cikin mujallolin likita sun ruwaito cewa kimanin kashi 25% a masu shan taba da ke amfani da magunguna na iya zama marasa shan taba fiye da watanni 6."<ref name=ACS-guide>{{cite web |title= Guide to quitting smoking. What do I need to know about quitting |url= http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf |publisher= American Cancer Society |year= 2014 |access-date= 2017-01-08 |archive-date= 2016-06-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609085602/http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf }}</ref> Magunguna guda daya sun hada da: . Maganin maye gurbin nicotine (NRT): Magunguna biyar ne Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su don isar da nicotine a cikin wani nau'i wanda ba ya hada da hadarin shan taba: facin nicotine transdermal, danko nicotine, lozenges nicotine, masu shakar nicotine, nicotine feshin baki, da nicotine na hanci. Shaidu masu inganci sun nuna cewa wadannan nau'ikan NRT suna habaka kimar nasarar mutanen da suke kokarin daina shan taba. Ana nufin amfani da NRTs a dan gajeren lokaci kuma yakamata a sanya su kasa zuwa karamin adadin kafin tsayawa. NRTs suna kara damar daina shan taba da kashi 50 zuwa 60% idan aka kwatanta da placebo ko kuma babu magani.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T | title=Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation | journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume=5 | issue=5 | pages=CD000146 | date=May 2018 | pmid=29852054 | pmc=6353172 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5 }}</ref> Wasu illolin da aka ruwaito sun hada da dan haushi na gida (masu shakar shaka da feshi) da ciwon kirji marasa ischemic (rare).<ref name="www.canada.ca-2022">{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhou HX | title=The debut of PMC Biophysics | journal=PMC Biophysics | volume=1 | issue=1 | page=1 | date=November 2008 | pmid=19351423 | pmc=2605105 | doi=10.1186/1757-5036-1-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML | title=Pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence | journal=CA | volume=55 | issue=5 | pages=281–99; quiz 322–3, 325 | date=2005 | pmid=16166074 | doi=10.3322/canjclin.55.5.281 | s2cid=25668093 | doi-access=free }}</ref> . Antidepressants: An yi la'akari da bupropion antidepressant a matsayin magani na farko don dakatar da shan taba kuma an nuna h i a yawancin binciken don kara yawan nasara na dogon lokaci. Ko da yake bupropion yana karuwa da hadarin samun abubuwan da ba su da kyau, babu wata huia bayyananne cewa miyagun kwayoyi yana da tasiri ko Zasa idan aka kwatanta da placebo. . Varenicline yana rage sha'awar shan taba kuma yana rage alamun cirewa don haka ana daukarsa magani na farko don daina shan taba.[41] Yawan mutanen da ke daina shan taba tare da varenicline ya fi na bupropion ko NRT. [42] Varenicline fiye da ninki biyu damar barin barin idan aka kwatanta da placebo, kuma yana da tasiri kamar hada nau'ikan NRT guda biyu. 2 MG / rana na varenicline an samo shi don hafar da mafi girman yawan abstinence (33.2%) na kowane magani guda daya, yayin da 1MG / rana yana haifar da kimar abstinence na 25.4%. Wani bita na tsarin 2016 da meta-bincike a gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya kare babu wata shaida da ke goyan bayan alaka tsakanin varenicline da habaka abubuwan cututtukan zuciya. . Clonidine na iya rage alamun janyewar kuma "kusan ninki biyu na abstinence rates idan aka kwatanta da placebo," amma illarsa sun hada da bushe baki da kwantar da hankali, kuma dakatar da maganin ba zato ba tsammani zai iya haifar da hawan jini da sauran illoli. [45] 46]. . Babu wata shaida mai kyau cewa anxiolytics suna taimakawa. 47] . Abaya can, rimonabant, wanda shine nav'in antagonist na cannabinoid mai karba, an yi amfani dashi don taimakawa wajen barinwa da kuma daidaita nauyin da ake sa ran. [48]. Amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa masana'antun rimonabant da taranabant sun daina samarwa a cikin 2008 saboda mummunan tasirin CNS. ===Shirye-shiryen al'umma=== Harkokin al'umma ta amfani da "tashoshi da yawa don samar da karfafawa, tallafi da ka'idoii don rashin shan taba" na iya yin tasiri akan sakamakon dakatar da shan taba a tsakanin manya. [49] Hanyoyi na musamman da ake amfani da su a cikin al'umma don karfafa daina shan taba a tsakanin manya sun hada da: . Manufofin yin wuraren aiki [27] da wuraren jama'a marasa shan taba. An kiyasta cewa "cikakkiyar dokokin cikin gida mai tsabta" na iva kara yawan adadin daina shan taba da kashi 12%-38%[50] A cikin 2008, Jihar New York a Alcoholism da Ayyukan Abuse Abuse sun haramta shan taba ta marasa lafiya, ma'aikata, da masu sa kai a cibiyoyin jiyya na 1,300.[51] . Dokokin son rai na sa gidaje su zama marasa shan taba, wadanda ake tunanin suna habaka daina shan taba. [27][52] .Kaddamarwa don ilimantar da jama'a game da illolin kiwon lafiya na shan taba, [53] ciki har da manyan hatsarori na kutsawa cikin hayaki na hannu ga mazauna gidaje masu yawan jama'a. [54] .Kara farashin kayayyakin taba, misali ta hanyar haraji. HUKUNCIN CIGABA DA AlKATAWA "Huija mai mahimmanci" cewa wannan yana da tasiri a cikin karuwar sigari [55]: 28-30 an kiyasta cewa karuwa ta CIGABA DAGA 3-5 %.[50] .Kamfen watsa labarai. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa idan aka hada su tare da wasu nau''in shiga tsakani, kamfen din watsa labarai na iya zama da fa'ida.[55]: 30-32[56.'' .Shaidu masu rauni sun nuna cewa sanya dokar hana shan taba a asibitoci da gidajen yari na iya rage yawan shan taba da shan taba.[57] ===Magungunan masana=== Shirye-shiryen da masana magunguna ke jagoranta sun tabbatar da yin tasiri wajen taimakawa yunkurin daina shan taba. Yawancin sake dubawa na tsari sun kalli mahimmancin shigar da magunguna. A kasar Malesiya, bincikensu ya yi nazari kan yadda masu yin harhada magunguna a cikin kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya gaba daya ya nuna ci gaba wajen tantance farkon cutar. [58] Wannan ya ba da izinin magani na farko yana farawa a cikin COPD mai haifar da shan taba. Bugu da kari, masu harhada magunguna a Malaysia na iya rubuta samfuran NRT, kuma lokacin da suka jagoranci sabis na daina shan taba, ya fi nasara fiye da sauran gwaje-gwajen daina shan taba a Malaysia. [58] An kuma nuna cewa masu ba da magunguna da samfuran NRT sun fi tasiri wajen daina shan taba fiye da amfani da NRT kadai. Acikin ayyukan dakatar da shan sigari da masu siyar da magunguna ke jagoranta a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], binciken ya gano fa'idodin kididdiga da fa'idodi na asibiti suna fifita sa hannun masu harhada magunguna. [59] Sun gano cewa tsarin kulawa, da ziyarar yau da kullun, samun saukin isa ga masu harhada magunguna sun taimaka wa mutane da yawa wadanda ke kokarin barin aiki fize da ba tare da. Duk da haka, binciken ya kammala cewa ya kamata a yi karin bincike a yankin yayin da suka gano wani hadarin da ba a sani ba a cikin binciken da aka hada[59]. ===Hanyoyi na zamantakewa=== The Great American Smokeout taron ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke gayyatar masu shan sigari su daina na kwana daya, da fatan za su iya tsawaita wannan har abada. . Ranar 31 ga watan Mayun kowace shekara ce hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ware ranar yaki da shan taba sigari. . Sau da yawa ana ba da tallafin dakatar da shan taba ta hanyar dakatar da wayar tarho|72][73] (misali, lambar kyauta ta Amurka 1-800-QUIT-NOW), ko kuma cikin mutum. Nazari guda uku na meta-bincike sun kammala cewa tallafin dakatar da tarho yana da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da karamin ko babu shawarwari ko taimakon kai da kuma cewa dakatarwar tarho tare da magani ya fi inganci fiye da magani kadai, [45]: 91-92[55]:40-42 kuma wannan nasiha mai zurfi na mutum ya fi tasiri fiye da takaitaccen shawarwari na sirri. 7 4 ] . Kungiyar 'Yanci Daga Shan Sigari ta kunshi zama takwas kuma tana fasalta tsarin mataki-mataki don barin shan taba. An tsara kowane zama don taimakawa masu shan taba su sami iko akan halayensu. Tsarin asibitin yana karfafa mahalarta suyi aiki a kan tsari da matsalolin barin duka biyu da kuma a matsayin bangare na kungiya.84] . Yawancin nau'd'in t s o m a baki na psychosocial suna habaka kimar barin aiki: 10.8% ba tare da soma baki ba, 15.1% don tsari daya, 18.5% don tsari 2, da 23.2% don tsari uku ko hudu.45: 91 .An yi amfani da tsarin juzu'i, gami da "matakan canji", wajen daidaita hanyoyin dakatar da shan taba ga daidaikun mutane, [85][86](87][88] duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa "taimakon kai na tushen mataki. shisshigi (tsarin kwararru da/ko kayan da aka kebance) da nasha na daidaikun ba su da karfi ko kasa da tasiri fiye da wadanda ba su da tushe."[89]. ===Yadda ake saita ranar bari=== Yawancin albarkatun daina shan taba irin su Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) [90] da kuma Mayo Clinic 9 1 suna karfafa masu shan taba don kirkirar shirin barin, ciki har da saita ranar dainawa, wanda ke taimaka musu tsammani da tsara kalubalen shan taba. Tsarin dainawa zai iya inganta damar mai shan taba na samun nasarar barinsa9 2 [93][94] kamar yadda zai iya saita Litinin, a matsayin ranar dainawa, g a i n cewa bincike ya nuna cewa Litinin fiye da kowace rana ita ce lokacin da masu shan taba ke neman bayanai akan layi. daina shan taba9 5 da kuma kiran da a daina shan taba96]. A [[Nepal]], masu shan taba ba sa son kai, an fara kamfen na lafiya na makonni biyu a ranar Valentine da Vasant panchami don zaburar da mutane su daina shan taba a matsayin sadaukarwa ga kaunatattunsu da yanke shawara mai ma'ana ta rayuwa. Wanna yakin yana daukar hankalin jama'a. [97] ===Taimakon kai=== Kayayyakin taimakon kai na iya haifar da karamar habakar kima musamman lokacin da babu wani nau'i na tallafi na tallafi.[98] "Sakamakon taimakon kai ya kasance mai rauni", kuma adadin nau'ikan taimakon kai bai haifar da kimar kamewa ba. 45]:89-91 Duk da haka, hanyoyin taimakon kai don daina shan taba sun hada da: . Kungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai irin su Nicotine Anonymous, [99][100] ko albarkatun dakatarwa na gizo kamar Smokefree.gov, wanda ke ba da taimako iri-iri ciki har da kayan taimakon kai.[101] .WebMD: hanya ce ta samar da bayanan tushen yanar lafiya, kayan aikin sarrafa lafiya, da tallafi. 102 ===Ra'ayin biochemical=== Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ba masu shan sigari damar g a i n tasirin amfani da taba da kuma tasirin barinsa nan take. Yin amfani da hanyoyin mayar da martani na biochemical na iya ba da damar gano masu amfani da taba da tantancewa, kuma saka idanu a duk kokarin barin a iya kara kuzari don barin. [107][108] Shaida- hikima, an san kadan game da illolin yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen halittu don tantance hadarin mutum dangane da daina shan taba.[109] . Sa ido kan numfashin carbon monoxide (CO): carbon monoxide wani muhimmin sashi ne na hayakin sigari, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urar duba carbon monoxide don gano amfani da sigari na yanzu. Matsalolin carbon monoxide a cikin numfashi yana da alaka kai tsaye tare da hadin gwiwar CO a cikin jini, wanda aka sani da kashi carboxyhemoglobin. Kimar nuna hadin jini CO ga mai shan taba ta hanyar samfurin numfashi mara lalacewa shine yana danganta al'adar shan taba tare da cutarwar jiki da ke hade da shan taba. [110] . Cotinine: Cotinine, metabolite na nicotine, yana cikin masu shan taba. Kamar carbon monoxide, gwajin cotinine na iya zama abin dogara ga yanayin shan taba. [111] Ana iya gwada matakan Cotinine ta [[fitsari]], yau, jini, ko samfuran gashi. Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun gwajin cotinine shine cin zarafi na hanyoyin yin samfur. Duk da yake duka matakan suna ba da babban hankali da kayyadaddun kayyadaddun bayanai, sun bambanta ta hanyar amfani da farashi. Misali, sa ido kan numfashin CO ba mai cutarwa bane, yayin da gwajin cotinine ya dogara da ruwan jiki. Misali, wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu ana iya amfani da su kadai ko tare yayin da tabbatar da kauracewa yana bukatar karin tabbaci 112. ===Gasa da abubuwan kara kuzari=== Kimar kudi ko kayan aiki don jawo hankalin mutane su daina shan taba yana inganta daina shan taba yayin da dalili ke nan.[113] Gasar da ke bukatar mahalarta su saka kudin kansu, "yin yin fare" cewa za su vi nasara wajen daina shan taba, ya zama abin karfafawa. [113] Duk da haka, yana da wuya a dauki mahalarta don irin wannan gasa a cikin kwatancen kai-da-kai tare da wasu samfura masu karfafawa, kamar ba wa mahalarta NRT ko sanya su cikin tsarin lada na yau da kullun.[114] Shaidu sun nuna cewa shirye-shiryen karfafawa na iya yin tasiri ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba.[113] Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai karancin adadin karatu kan "sake da nasara" da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi gasa da sakamakon binciken da ake da su ba su cika ba. [115] ==Yawan jama'a na musamman== ===Yara da matasa=== Hanyoyin amfani da yara da matasa sun hada da: .Habaka habakawa[151] . Taimakon ilimin halin dan adam [151] . Ayyukan hana shan taba sigari na matasa, kamar sa hannu a wasanni . Manhajojin makaranta, kamar horar da dabarun rayuwa . Zaman shawarwarin ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta|152 . Rage isa ga taba . Kafofin watsa labarai na anti-taba, Sadarwar iyali. ===Mata masu ciki=== Shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da illa ga lafiyar mace da tayin. Jagoran Amurka na 2008 ya kaddara cewa "matsalolin zamantakewar mutum-da- mutum" (yawanci ciki har da "shawara mai zurfi") ya karu yawan kaurace wa mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba zuwa 13.3%, idan aka kwatanta da 7.6% a cikin kulawa na yau da kullum. [45]: 165-167 Uwayen da ke shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki suna da halin haihu da wuri. Yawancin jariran su ba su da habaka, suna da kananan sassan jiki, kuma suna da nauyi fiye da matsakaicin nauyin jariri. Bugu da kari, wadannan jariran suna da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa kamar kumburin kunne na tsakiya da mashako mai asthmatic, da kuma yanayin rayuwa kamar ciwon sukari da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], duk suna iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa. [156]. Bugu da kari, wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amirka ta buga ya nuna cewa shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki yana kara yiwuwar mutuwar jarirai ba zato ba tsammani ((SUID) ko (SIDS)). [157]. Hakanan akwai karin damar cewa yaron zai kasance mai shan taba a lokacin girma. Wani bita da aka yi na tsari ya nuna cewa ayyukan zamantakewar zamantakewa suna taimaka wa mata su daina shan taba a karshen ciki kuma yana iya rage hadarin jarirai marasa nauyi. Tatsuniya ce cewa mace mai shan taba na iya cutar da tayin ta hanyar daina gaggawa da gano tana da ciki. Wannan ra'ayin ba ya dogara ne akan wani binciken likita ko gaskiya ba. [159] ===Masu shan taba a asibiti=== Masu shan taba da aka kwantar da su a asibiti na iya zama dalili na musamman don barin. Binciken Cochrane na 2012 ya gano cewa ayyukan da suka fara a lokacin zaman asibiti da ci gaba da wata daya ko fiye bayan fitarwa suna da tasiri wajen haifar da kauracewa. 165. Marasa lafiya da ke yin zaben tiyata na iya samun fa'idodin hanyoyin hana shan sigari kafin a fara aiki, lokacin farawa 4-8 makonni kafin tiyata tare da sa baki na mako-mako don tallafin dabi'a da amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine. [166] An samo shi don rage rikice-rikice da yawan cututtuka bayan tiyata. [166]. ===Rashin hankali=== Mutanen da ke da matsalar vanayi ko rashin kulawa da rashin hankali suna da damar da za su fara shan taba da kuma karancin damar daina shan taba. [167] An kuma ga alaka mafi girma da shan taba a cikin mutanen da aka gano suna da babbar cuta ta damuwa a kowane lokaci a tsawon rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba tare da shi ba. Adadin nasarar da aka samu wajen barin shan taba ya yi kasa sosai ga wadanda ke da babbar matsalar rashin damuwa da mutanen da ba tare da an gano cutar ba. [168] Fitar da hayakin sigari tun farkon rayuwa, lokacin daukar ciki, kuruciya, ko samartaka, na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban daidaikun yara kuma yana kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan damuwa a nan gaba.[167] ===Rikicin amfani da abubuwa na lokaci guda=== Sama da kashi uku bisa hudu na mutanen da ake jinyar amfani da kayan maye suna shan taba a halin yanzu.173] Bayar da shawarwari da magunguna (maganin maye gurbin nicotine kamar faci ko danko, varenicline, da/ko bupropion) yana kara kauracewa taba ba tare da kara hadarin komawa ga sauran abubuwan amfani ba. 174 ==Kwatanta kimar nasara== Kwatankwacin adadin nasara a cikin tsangwama na iya zama da wahala saboda ma'anoni daban-daban na "nasara" a cikin nazarin. [165] Robert West da Saul Shiffman, hukumomi a wanna fanni da ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya na gwamnati suka amince da su a cikin kasashe da yawa, [164]:73, 76, 80 sun kammala cewa, amfani da su tare, "tallafin halayya" da "maganin magani" na iya rubanya damar da za a samu. yunkurin barin aiki zai yi nasara. Wani bita na tsari na 2008 a cikin Jarida ta Turai na Rigakafin Ciwon daji ya gano cewa tsarin halayyar rukuni shine mafi kyawun dabarun shiga tsakani don dakatar da shan taba, sannan bupropion, shawarar likita mai zurfi, maganin maye gurbin nicotine, shawarwarin mutum, shawarwarin tarho, toma baki, da kuma dacewa da kai. -matsalolin taimako; binciken bai tattauna batun varenicline ba. ==Abubuwan da ke shafar nasara== Kashewa na iya zama da wahala ga mutanen da ke da fata mai launin duhu fiye da masu launin fata tun da nicotine yana da alaka ga kyallen da ke dauke da melanin. Bincike ya nuna hakan na iya haifar da al'amarin karuwar dogaro da nicotine da rage yawan daina shan taba a cikin mutane masu launin duhu.(177 Akwai muhimmin bangaren zamantakewa ga shan taba. Yaduwar daina shan taba daga mutum zuwa mutumyana taimakawa wajen raguwar shan taba a wadannan shekaru[178]. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2008 a cibiyar sadarwar da ke da alaka da mutane sama da 12,000 ya gano cewa daina shan taba ta kowane mutum da aka ba shi ya rage damar w a s da ke kewaye da su haskaka ta da adadin masu zuwa: mata da kashi 67%, dan'uwa ta kashi 25%, aboki da 36. %, da abokin aiki da 34%. [178] Duk da haka, wani bita na Cochrane ya kaddara cewa soma baki don kara goyon bayan zamantakewa don yunkurin daina shan taba bai inganta kimar daina dogon lokaci ba. [179] Masu shan taba da ke kokarin daina shan taba suna fuskantar tasirin zamantakewa wanda zai iya riniayar su su bi su ci gaba da shan taba. Sha'awa yana da saukin tsarewa lokacin da yanayin mutum bai haifar da al'ada ba. Ace mutumin da ya daina shan taba yana da kusanci da masu shan taba. Awannan yanayin, sau da yawa ana saka su cikin yanayin da ke sa sha'awar bin ka'idodin da ke da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, a cikin karamin rukuni tare da akalla daya ba shan taba ba, yuwuwar daidaituwa ta ragu. Zagayewar kai yana faruwa lokacin da mutum ya ji dadin shan taba duk da haka yana shan taba don rage jin dadi. Wargaza wannan zagayowar na iya zama mabudin wajen canza dabi'ar zagon kasa181]. Masu shan tabar da ke da babbar matsalar damuwa na iya zama kasa da nasara wajen daina shan sigari fiye da masu shan sigari wadanda ba su da damuwa. (45]:81 [182] Komawa (ci gaba da shan taba bayan dainawa) yana da alaka da lamuran tunani kamar karancin karfin kai, [183] [184] ko mafi kyawun amsawa; [186 = Illoli= ===Alamun janyewa=== CDC ta gane alamun janyewar nicotine guda bakwai da mutane sukan fuskanta lokacin da suke daina shan taba: "sha'awar shan taba, jin haushi, jin haushi, ko bacin rai, jin tsalle da rashin natsuwa, samun wahalar mai da hankali, samun matsala barci, jin yunwa ko samun nauyi, ko jin damuwa, bakin ciki ko damuwa."[189] Bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da magunguna, irin su varenicline [190] [191] na iva zama da amfani wajen rage alamun janyewar yayin aikin dainawa. ===Girman nauyi=== Yin watsi da shan taba yana da alaka da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 4-5 (8.8-11.0 lb) bayan watanni 12, yawancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na barin. [192]. ===Lafiyar tunani=== Kamar sauran magunguna na jiki, jarabar nicotine yana hafar da kayyadaddun ka'idodin samar da dopamine da sauran masu habaka neurotransmitters yayin da kwakwalwa ke kokarin rama abin habakar dan adam da shan taba ke haifarwa. Wasu bincike daga 1990s sun gano cewa lokacin da mutane suka daina shan taba, alamun damuwa irin su halin kashe kansa ko ainihin bacin rai na iya haifar da, [182] [200] ko da yake wani binciken da aka yi a duniya kwanan nan yana kwatanta masu shan taba da suka daina tsawon watanni 3 tare da masu ci gaba da shan taba sun gano cewa dakatar da shan taba. bai bayyana yana kara damuwa ko damuwa ba. [201] Wani bita na 2021 ya gano cewa barin shan taba yana rage damuwa da damuwa. ==Manazarta== 2yky5faam5nd70vba68ym65k2yso4lr 887985 887984 2026-07-27T07:41:24Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Papierosa 1 ubt 0069.jpeg|thumb|sigari]] '''Kashe shan taba''', yawanci ana kiransa '''daina shan taba''' ko '''daina shan taba''', shi ne tsarin daina [[shan taba]] . Shan taba yana dauke da nicotine, wanda ke [[Addiction|da haɗari]] kuma yana iya haifar da dogaro .<ref>https://lccn.loc.gov/00244999</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220525083936/https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024422/https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/</ref> A sakamakon haka, cirewar nicotine sau da yawa yana sa tsarin barin ke da wahala. [[Fayil:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|sigari Wanda aka kashe]] A cewar CDC, Kimanin mutane miliyan 8 ne ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da sigari a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da wani nauyi na tattalin arziki na dala tiriliyan 1.4 a ma'aunin duniya a kowace shekara<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/index.htm</ref>. Shan taba sigari shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa da ake iya hanawa da kuma damuwar lafiyar jama'a a duniya.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207276270</ref>Yin amfani da taba yana haifar da mafi yawan cututtuka da ke shafar zuciya da huhu, tare da shan taba yana zama babban haɗari ga [[ciwon zuciya]],[[bugun jini]], [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtuka na huhu na huhu]] (COPD), Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), emphysema, da nau'i daban-daban da nau'in [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] (musamman [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|ciwon huhu na huhu]], ciwon daji na oropharynx, larynx, da [[Ciwon Daji Na Baka|baki]], ciwon daji na esophageal da [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|pancreatic cancer]] ). Rashin shan taba yana da matukar muhimmanci yana rage haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan taba. Hadarin bugun zuciya a cikin mai shan taba yana raguwa da 50% bayan shekara 1 na dainawa. Haka zalika hadrine galftn cutar kansar huhu yana raguwa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 10 na dainawa Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2010, kusan kashi 70% na masu shan taba a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun nuna sha'awar daina shan taba, kuma 50% sun ruwaito cewa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin hakan a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da dabaru da yawa don dakatar da shan taba, gami da dainawa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da taimako ba (" Turkey mai sanyi "), yankewa sannan barin, shawarwarin ɗabi'a, da magunguna kamar bupropion, cytisine, maye gurbin nicotine, ko varenicline. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]], yawancin masu shan taba sun canza zuwa amfani da sigari na lantarki don daina shan taba. Koyaya, binciken shekarar 2022 ya gano cewa kashi 20% na masu shan sigari waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin amfani da sigari e-cigare don daina shan taba sun yi nasara amma 66% daga cikinsu sun ƙare a matsayin masu amfani da sigari da samfuran vape guda ɗaya shekara guda. Yawancin masu shan taba da suke ƙoƙarin dainawa suna yin hakan ba tare da taimako ba. Koyaya, kawai 3-6% na yunƙurin barin ƙoƙarin ba tare da taimako ba suna samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Shawarwari na dabi'a da magunguna kowanne yana ƙara yawan nasarar barin shan taba, da kuma haɗuwa da shawarwarin hali tare da magani irin su bupropion ya fi tasiri fiye da ko dai shi kadai. A meta-bincike daga shekarar 2018, gudanar a kan 61 bazuwar gwajin gwaji, ya nuna cewa a cikin mutanen da suka daina shan taba tare da wani daina magani (da kuma wani hali taimako), kamar 20% har yanzu wadanda ba shan taba a shekara daga baya, idan aka kwatanta da 12% wanda ba su daina shan taba. shan magani.[23] ==Hanyoyin daina shan taba== ===Yi da kai=== Yakan ɗauki yunƙuri da yawa, da yuwuwar yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kowane lokaci, kafin cimma dogon lokaci. Fiye da kashi 74.7% na masu shan sigari suna ƙoƙarin dainawa ba tare da wani taimako ba,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Caraballo RS, Shafer PR, Patel D, Davis KC, McAfee TA | title=Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014-2016 | journal=Preventing Chronic Disease | volume=14 | pages=E32 | date=April 2017 | pmid=28409740 | pmc=5392446 | doi=10.5888/pcd14.160600 }}</ref> in ba haka ba da aka sani da "turkey mai sanyi", ko tare da magungunan gida. Masu shan taba a baya sun yi tsakanin kiyasin ƙoƙari 6 zuwa 30 kafin su yi nasarar dainawa. Gano wace hanya ko dabara a ƙarshe mafi nasara yana da wahala; an yi ƙiyasin, alal misali, kusan kashi 4 zuwa 7% na mutane ne kawai ke iya daina shan taba a kowane yunƙuri ba tare da magunguna ko wasu taimako ba. Yawancin yunƙurin barin har yanzu ba a taimaka musu ba, ko da yake yanayin yana canzawa. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, adadin barin ba tare da taimako ya faɗi daga 91.8% a 1986 zuwa 52.1% a lokacin Shekara ta 2006 zuwa 2009. Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ba a taimaka ba sune "Turki mai sanyi", kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don nufin ko dai ba tare da taimako ba ko daina ba da gangan da kuma "raguwar adadin" sigari a hankali, ko "raguwar sigari".<ref name="nicotine dependence">{{cite journal | vauthors=Mooney ME, Johnson EO, Breslau N, Bierut LJ, Hatsukami DK | title=Cigarette smoking reduction and changes in nicotine dependence | journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research | volume=13 | issue=6 | pages=426–430 | date=June 2011 | pmid=21367813 | pmc=3103717 | doi=10.1093/ntr/ntr019 | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] on behalf of the [[Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco]] | lccn=00244999 | s2cid=29891495 | editor-link=Marcus Munafo | veditors=Munafò M }}</ref> ===Cold turkey=== "Cold turkey" kalma ce ta magana da ke nuna janyewar ba zato ba tsammani daga magungunan jaraba. A cikin wannan mahallin, yana nuna ba zato ba tsammani da cikakken daina amfani da nicotine. A cikin binciken uku, ita ce hanyar dakatar da 76%, [27] 85%, [28] ko 88% <ref name="Chapman-MacKenzie">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chapman S, MacKenzie R |title=The global research neglect of unassisted smoking cessation: causes and consequences |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e1000216 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20161722 |pmc=2817714 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216 |doi-access=free }}</ref> na dogon lokaci masu nasara sun daina. da wuya" tsayawa, 27% sun ce "yana da matukar wahala", sauran kashi 20% kuma sun ga yana da matukar wahala.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hung WT, Dunlop SM, Perez D, Cotter T |title=Use and perceived helpfulness of smoking cessation methods: results from a population survey of recent quitters |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=11 |page=592 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21791111 |pmc=3160379 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-11-592 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Yanke kasa don barin=== Ragewar hankali ya kunshi sannu a hankali rage yawan shan nicotine a kullum. Ana iya cimma wannan hanyar bisa ka'ida ta hanyar maimaita canje-canje ga sigari tare da kananan matakan nicotine, ta hanyar rage yawan sigari da ake sha kullum, ko kuma ta hanyar shan sigari kadan a kowane lokaci. Wani bita na tsari na 2009 da masu bincike a Jami'ar [[Birmingham]] suka yi sun gano cewa maye gurbin nicotine a hankali zai iya yin tasiri wajen daina shan taba. Babu wani gagarumin bambanci a farashin daina shan sigari da suka daina ta hanyar ragewa a hankali ko dainawa ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar kauracewa shan taba na akalla watanni shida daga ranar dainawa. Wannan bita ya kuma duba taimakon magunguna guda biyar don ragewa. Lokacin rage yawan shan taba sigari, ya sami w a s shaidun cewa karin varenicline ko saurin maye gurbin nicotine na iya tasiri ga barin barin tsawon watanni shida ko fiye.<ref name="LindsonKlemperer2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindson N, Klemperer E, Hong B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Aveyard P |date=September 2019 |title=Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2019 |issue=9 |pages=CD013183 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013183.pub2 |pmc=6953262 |pmid=31565800}}</ref> ===Magunguna=== [[File:Nicoderm.JPG|thumb|A 21mg dose [[nicotine patch]] applied to the left arm]] Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka ta lura cewa "Nazari a cikin mujallolin likita sun ruwaito cewa kimanin kashi 25% a masu shan taba da ke amfani da magunguna na iya zama marasa shan taba fiye da watanni 6."<ref name=ACS-guide>{{cite web |title= Guide to quitting smoking. What do I need to know about quitting |url= http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf |publisher= American Cancer Society |year= 2014 |access-date= 2017-01-08 |archive-date= 2016-06-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609085602/http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf }}</ref> Magunguna guda daya sun hada da: . Maganin maye gurbin nicotine (NRT): Magunguna biyar ne Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su don isar da nicotine a cikin wani nau'i wanda ba ya hada da hadarin shan taba: facin nicotine transdermal, danko nicotine, lozenges nicotine, masu shakar nicotine, nicotine feshin baki, da nicotine na hanci. Shaidu masu inganci sun nuna cewa wadannan nau'ikan NRT suna habaka kimar nasarar mutanen da suke kokarin daina shan taba. Ana nufin amfani da NRTs a dan gajeren lokaci kuma yakamata a sanya su kasa zuwa karamin adadin kafin tsayawa. NRTs suna kara damar daina shan taba da kashi 50 zuwa 60% idan aka kwatanta da placebo ko kuma babu magani.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T | title=Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation | journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume=5 | issue=5 | pages=CD000146 | date=May 2018 | pmid=29852054 | pmc=6353172 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5 }}</ref> Wasu illolin da aka ruwaito sun hada da dan haushi na gida (masu shakar shaka da feshi) da ciwon kirji marasa ischemic (rare).<ref name="www.canada.ca-2022">{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhou HX | title=The debut of PMC Biophysics | journal=PMC Biophysics | volume=1 | issue=1 | page=1 | date=November 2008 | pmid=19351423 | pmc=2605105 | doi=10.1186/1757-5036-1-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML | title=Pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence | journal=CA | volume=55 | issue=5 | pages=281–99; quiz 322–3, 325 | date=2005 | pmid=16166074 | doi=10.3322/canjclin.55.5.281 | s2cid=25668093 | doi-access=free }}</ref> . Antidepressants: An yi la'akari da bupropion antidepressant a matsayin magani na farko don dakatar da shan taba kuma an nuna h i a yawancin binciken don kara yawan nasara na dogon lokaci. Ko da yake bupropion yana karuwa da hadarin samun abubuwan da ba su da kyau, babu wata huia bayyananne cewa miyagun kwayoyi yana da tasiri ko Zasa idan aka kwatanta da placebo. . Varenicline yana rage sha'awar shan taba kuma yana rage alamun cirewa don haka ana daukarsa magani na farko don daina shan taba.[41] Yawan mutanen da ke daina shan taba tare da varenicline ya fi na bupropion ko NRT. [42] Varenicline fiye da ninki biyu damar barin barin idan aka kwatanta da placebo, kuma yana da tasiri kamar hada nau'ikan NRT guda biyu. 2 MG / rana na varenicline an samo shi don hafar da mafi girman yawan abstinence (33.2%) na kowane magani guda daya, yayin da 1MG / rana yana haifar da kimar abstinence na 25.4%. Wani bita na tsarin 2016 da meta-bincike a gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya kare babu wata shaida da ke goyan bayan alaka tsakanin varenicline da habaka abubuwan cututtukan zuciya. . Clonidine na iya rage alamun janyewar kuma "kusan ninki biyu na abstinence rates idan aka kwatanta da placebo," amma illarsa sun hada da bushe baki da kwantar da hankali, kuma dakatar da maganin ba zato ba tsammani zai iya haifar da hawan jini da sauran illoli. [45] 46]. . Babu wata shaida mai kyau cewa anxiolytics suna taimakawa. 47] . Abaya can, rimonabant, wanda shine nav'in antagonist na cannabinoid mai karba, an yi amfani dashi don taimakawa wajen barinwa da kuma daidaita nauyin da ake sa ran. [48]. Amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa masana'antun rimonabant da taranabant sun daina samarwa a cikin 2008 saboda mummunan tasirin CNS. ===Shirye-shiryen al'umma=== Harkokin al'umma ta amfani da "tashoshi da yawa don samar da karfafawa, tallafi da ka'idoii don rashin shan taba" na iya yin tasiri akan sakamakon dakatar da shan taba a tsakanin manya. [49] Hanyoyi na musamman da ake amfani da su a cikin al'umma don karfafa daina shan taba a tsakanin manya sun hada da: . Manufofin yin wuraren aiki [27] da wuraren jama'a marasa shan taba. An kiyasta cewa "cikakkiyar dokokin cikin gida mai tsabta" na iva kara yawan adadin daina shan taba da kashi 12%-38%[50] A cikin 2008, Jihar New York a Alcoholism da Ayyukan Abuse Abuse sun haramta shan taba ta marasa lafiya, ma'aikata, da masu sa kai a cibiyoyin jiyya na 1,300.[51] . Dokokin son rai na sa gidaje su zama marasa shan taba, wadanda ake tunanin suna habaka daina shan taba. [27][52] .Kaddamarwa don ilimantar da jama'a game da illolin kiwon lafiya na shan taba, [53] ciki har da manyan hatsarori na kutsawa cikin hayaki na hannu ga mazauna gidaje masu yawan jama'a. [54] .Kara farashin kayayyakin taba, misali ta hanyar haraji. HUKUNCIN CIGABA DA AlKATAWA "Huija mai mahimmanci" cewa wannan yana da tasiri a cikin karuwar sigari [55]: 28-30 an kiyasta cewa karuwa ta CIGABA DAGA 3-5 %.[50] .Kamfen watsa labarai. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa idan aka hada su tare da wasu nau''in shiga tsakani, kamfen din watsa labarai na iya zama da fa'ida.[55]: 30-32[56.'' .Shaidu masu rauni sun nuna cewa sanya dokar hana shan taba a asibitoci da gidajen yari na iya rage yawan shan taba da shan taba.[57] ===Magungunan masana=== Shirye-shiryen da masana magunguna ke jagoranta sun tabbatar da yin tasiri wajen taimakawa yunkurin daina shan taba. Yawancin sake dubawa na tsari sun kalli mahimmancin shigar da magunguna. A kasar Malesiya, bincikensu ya yi nazari kan yadda masu yin harhada magunguna a cikin kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya gaba daya ya nuna ci gaba wajen tantance farkon cutar. [58] Wannan ya ba da izinin magani na farko yana farawa a cikin COPD mai haifar da shan taba. Bugu da kari, masu harhada magunguna a Malaysia na iya rubuta samfuran NRT, kuma lokacin da suka jagoranci sabis na daina shan taba, ya fi nasara fiye da sauran gwaje-gwajen daina shan taba a Malaysia. [58] An kuma nuna cewa masu ba da magunguna da samfuran NRT sun fi tasiri wajen daina shan taba fiye da amfani da NRT kadai. Acikin ayyukan dakatar da shan sigari da masu siyar da magunguna ke jagoranta a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], binciken ya gano fa'idodin kididdiga da fa'idodi na asibiti suna fifita sa hannun masu harhada magunguna. [59] Sun gano cewa tsarin kulawa, da ziyarar yau da kullun, samun saukin isa ga masu harhada magunguna sun taimaka wa mutane da yawa wadanda ke kokarin barin aiki fize da ba tare da. Duk da haka, binciken ya kammala cewa ya kamata a yi karin bincike a yankin yayin da suka gano wani hadarin da ba a sani ba a cikin binciken da aka hada[59]. ===Hanyoyi na zamantakewa=== The Great American Smokeout taron ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke gayyatar masu shan sigari su daina na kwana daya, da fatan za su iya tsawaita wannan har abada. . Ranar 31 ga watan Mayun kowace shekara ce hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ware ranar yaki da shan taba sigari. . Sau da yawa ana ba da tallafin dakatar da shan taba ta hanyar dakatar da wayar tarho|72][73] (misali, lambar kyauta ta Amurka 1-800-QUIT-NOW), ko kuma cikin mutum. Nazari guda uku na meta-bincike sun kammala cewa tallafin dakatar da tarho yana da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da karamin ko babu shawarwari ko taimakon kai da kuma cewa dakatarwar tarho tare da magani ya fi inganci fiye da magani kadai, [45]: 91-92[55]:40-42 kuma wannan nasiha mai zurfi na mutum ya fi tasiri fiye da takaitaccen shawarwari na sirri. 7 4 ] . Kungiyar 'Yanci Daga Shan Sigari ta kunshi zama takwas kuma tana fasalta tsarin mataki-mataki don barin shan taba. An tsara kowane zama don taimakawa masu shan taba su sami iko akan halayensu. Tsarin asibitin yana karfafa mahalarta suyi aiki a kan tsari da matsalolin barin duka biyu da kuma a matsayin bangare na kungiya.84] . Yawancin nau'd'in t s o m a baki na psychosocial suna habaka kimar barin aiki: 10.8% ba tare da soma baki ba, 15.1% don tsari daya, 18.5% don tsari 2, da 23.2% don tsari uku ko hudu.45: 91 .An yi amfani da tsarin juzu'i, gami da "matakan canji", wajen daidaita hanyoyin dakatar da shan taba ga daidaikun mutane, [85][86](87][88] duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa "taimakon kai na tushen mataki. shisshigi (tsarin kwararru da/ko kayan da aka kebance) da nasha na daidaikun ba su da karfi ko kasa da tasiri fiye da wadanda ba su da tushe."[89]. ===Yadda ake saita ranar bari=== Yawancin albarkatun daina shan taba irin su Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) [90] da kuma Mayo Clinic 9 1 suna karfafa masu shan taba don kirkirar shirin barin, ciki har da saita ranar dainawa, wanda ke taimaka musu tsammani da tsara kalubalen shan taba. Tsarin dainawa zai iya inganta damar mai shan taba na samun nasarar barinsa9 2 [93][94] kamar yadda zai iya saita Litinin, a matsayin ranar dainawa, g a i n cewa bincike ya nuna cewa Litinin fiye da kowace rana ita ce lokacin da masu shan taba ke neman bayanai akan layi. daina shan taba9 5 da kuma kiran da a daina shan taba96]. A [[Nepal]], masu shan taba ba sa son kai, an fara kamfen na lafiya na makonni biyu a ranar Valentine da Vasant panchami don zaburar da mutane su daina shan taba a matsayin sadaukarwa ga kaunatattunsu da yanke shawara mai ma'ana ta rayuwa. Wanna yakin yana daukar hankalin jama'a. [97] ===Taimakon kai=== Kayayyakin taimakon kai na iya haifar da karamar habakar kima musamman lokacin da babu wani nau'i na tallafi na tallafi.[98] "Sakamakon taimakon kai ya kasance mai rauni", kuma adadin nau'ikan taimakon kai bai haifar da kimar kamewa ba. 45]:89-91 Duk da haka, hanyoyin taimakon kai don daina shan taba sun hada da: . Kungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai irin su Nicotine Anonymous, [99][100] ko albarkatun dakatarwa na gizo kamar Smokefree.gov, wanda ke ba da taimako iri-iri ciki har da kayan taimakon kai.[101] .WebMD: hanya ce ta samar da bayanan tushen yanar lafiya, kayan aikin sarrafa lafiya, da tallafi. 102 ===Ra'ayin biochemical=== Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ba masu shan sigari damar g a i n tasirin amfani da taba da kuma tasirin barinsa nan take. Yin amfani da hanyoyin mayar da martani na biochemical na iya ba da damar gano masu amfani da taba da tantancewa, kuma saka idanu a duk kokarin barin a iya kara kuzari don barin. [107][108] Shaida- hikima, an san kadan game da illolin yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen halittu don tantance hadarin mutum dangane da daina shan taba.[109] . Sa ido kan numfashin carbon monoxide (CO): carbon monoxide wani muhimmin sashi ne na hayakin sigari, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urar duba carbon monoxide don gano amfani da sigari na yanzu. Matsalolin carbon monoxide a cikin numfashi yana da alaka kai tsaye tare da hadin gwiwar CO a cikin jini, wanda aka sani da kashi carboxyhemoglobin. Kimar nuna hadin jini CO ga mai shan taba ta hanyar samfurin numfashi mara lalacewa shine yana danganta al'adar shan taba tare da cutarwar jiki da ke hade da shan taba. [110] . Cotinine: Cotinine, metabolite na nicotine, yana cikin masu shan taba. Kamar carbon monoxide, gwajin cotinine na iya zama abin dogara ga yanayin shan taba. [111] Ana iya gwada matakan Cotinine ta [[fitsari]], yau, jini, ko samfuran gashi. Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun gwajin cotinine shine cin zarafi na hanyoyin yin samfur. Duk da yake duka matakan suna ba da babban hankali da kayyadaddun kayyadaddun bayanai, sun bambanta ta hanyar amfani da farashi. Misali, sa ido kan numfashin CO ba mai cutarwa bane, yayin da gwajin cotinine ya dogara da ruwan jiki. Misali, wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu ana iya amfani da su kadai ko tare yayin da tabbatar da kauracewa yana bukatar karin tabbaci 112. ===Gasa da abubuwan kara kuzari=== Kimar kudi ko kayan aiki don jawo hankalin mutane su daina shan taba yana inganta daina shan taba yayin da dalili ke nan.[113] Gasar da ke bukatar mahalarta su saka kudin kansu, "yin yin fare" cewa za su vi nasara wajen daina shan taba, ya zama abin karfafawa. [113] Duk da haka, yana da wuya a dauki mahalarta don irin wannan gasa a cikin kwatancen kai-da-kai tare da wasu samfura masu karfafawa, kamar ba wa mahalarta NRT ko sanya su cikin tsarin lada na yau da kullun.[114] Shaidu sun nuna cewa shirye-shiryen karfafawa na iya yin tasiri ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba.[113] Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai karancin adadin karatu kan "sake da nasara" da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi gasa da sakamakon binciken da ake da su ba su cika ba. [115] ==Yawan jama'a na musamman== ===Yara da matasa=== Hanyoyin amfani da yara da matasa sun hada da: .Habaka habakawa[151] . Taimakon ilimin halin dan adam [151] . Ayyukan hana shan taba sigari na matasa, kamar sa hannu a wasanni . Manhajojin makaranta, kamar horar da dabarun rayuwa . Zaman shawarwarin ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta|152 . Rage isa ga taba . Kafofin watsa labarai na anti-taba, Sadarwar iyali. ===Mata masu ciki=== Shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da illa ga lafiyar mace da tayin. Jagoran Amurka na 2008 ya kaddara cewa "matsalolin zamantakewar mutum-da- mutum" (yawanci ciki har da "shawara mai zurfi") ya karu yawan kaurace wa mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba zuwa 13.3%, idan aka kwatanta da 7.6% a cikin kulawa na yau da kullum. [45]: 165-167 Uwayen da ke shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki suna da halin haihu da wuri. Yawancin jariran su ba su da habaka, suna da kananan sassan jiki, kuma suna da nauyi fiye da matsakaicin nauyin jariri. Bugu da kari, wadannan jariran suna da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa kamar kumburin kunne na tsakiya da mashako mai asthmatic, da kuma yanayin rayuwa kamar ciwon sukari da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], duk suna iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa. [156]. Bugu da kari, wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amirka ta buga ya nuna cewa shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki yana kara yiwuwar mutuwar jarirai ba zato ba tsammani ((SUID) ko (SIDS)). [157]. Hakanan akwai karin damar cewa yaron zai kasance mai shan taba a lokacin girma. Wani bita da aka yi na tsari ya nuna cewa ayyukan zamantakewar zamantakewa suna taimaka wa mata su daina shan taba a karshen ciki kuma yana iya rage hadarin jarirai marasa nauyi. Tatsuniya ce cewa mace mai shan taba na iya cutar da tayin ta hanyar daina gaggawa da gano tana da ciki. Wannan ra'ayin ba ya dogara ne akan wani binciken likita ko gaskiya ba. [159] ===Masu shan taba a asibiti=== Masu shan taba da aka kwantar da su a asibiti na iya zama dalili na musamman don barin. Binciken Cochrane na 2012 ya gano cewa ayyukan da suka fara a lokacin zaman asibiti da ci gaba da wata daya ko fiye bayan fitarwa suna da tasiri wajen haifar da kauracewa. 165. Marasa lafiya da ke yin zaben tiyata na iya samun fa'idodin hanyoyin hana shan sigari kafin a fara aiki, lokacin farawa 4-8 makonni kafin tiyata tare da sa baki na mako-mako don tallafin dabi'a da amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine. [166] An samo shi don rage rikice-rikice da yawan cututtuka bayan tiyata. [166]. ===Rashin hankali=== Mutanen da ke da matsalar vanayi ko rashin kulawa da rashin hankali suna da damar da za su fara shan taba da kuma karancin damar daina shan taba. [167] An kuma ga alaka mafi girma da shan taba a cikin mutanen da aka gano suna da babbar cuta ta damuwa a kowane lokaci a tsawon rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba tare da shi ba. Adadin nasarar da aka samu wajen barin shan taba ya yi kasa sosai ga wadanda ke da babbar matsalar rashin damuwa da mutanen da ba tare da an gano cutar ba. [168] Fitar da hayakin sigari tun farkon rayuwa, lokacin daukar ciki, kuruciya, ko samartaka, na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban daidaikun yara kuma yana kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan damuwa a nan gaba.[167] ===Rikicin amfani da abubuwa na lokaci guda=== Sama da kashi uku bisa hudu na mutanen da ake jinyar amfani da kayan maye suna shan taba a halin yanzu.173] Bayar da shawarwari da magunguna (maganin maye gurbin nicotine kamar faci ko danko, varenicline, da/ko bupropion) yana kara kauracewa taba ba tare da kara hadarin komawa ga sauran abubuwan amfani ba. 174 ==Kwatanta kimar nasara== Kwatankwacin adadin nasara a cikin tsangwama na iya zama da wahala saboda ma'anoni daban-daban na "nasara" a cikin nazarin. [165] Robert West da Saul Shiffman, hukumomi a wanna fanni da ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya na gwamnati suka amince da su a cikin kasashe da yawa, [164]:73, 76, 80 sun kammala cewa, amfani da su tare, "tallafin halayya" da "maganin magani" na iya rubanya damar da za a samu. yunkurin barin aiki zai yi nasara. Wani bita na tsari na 2008 a cikin Jarida ta Turai na Rigakafin Ciwon daji ya gano cewa tsarin halayyar rukuni shine mafi kyawun dabarun shiga tsakani don dakatar da shan taba, sannan bupropion, shawarar likita mai zurfi, maganin maye gurbin nicotine, shawarwarin mutum, shawarwarin tarho, toma baki, da kuma dacewa da kai. -matsalolin taimako; binciken bai tattauna batun varenicline ba. ==Abubuwan da ke shafar nasara== Kashewa na iya zama da wahala ga mutanen da ke da fata mai launin duhu fiye da masu launin fata tun da nicotine yana da alaka ga kyallen da ke dauke da melanin. Bincike ya nuna hakan na iya haifar da al'amarin karuwar dogaro da nicotine da rage yawan daina shan taba a cikin mutane masu launin duhu.(177 Akwai muhimmin bangaren zamantakewa ga shan taba. Yaduwar daina shan taba daga mutum zuwa mutumyana taimakawa wajen raguwar shan taba a wadannan shekaru[178]. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2008 a cibiyar sadarwar da ke da alaka da mutane sama da 12,000 ya gano cewa daina shan taba ta kowane mutum da aka ba shi ya rage damar w a s da ke kewaye da su haskaka ta da adadin masu zuwa: mata da kashi 67%, dan'uwa ta kashi 25%, aboki da 36. %, da abokin aiki da 34%. [178] Duk da haka, wani bita na Cochrane ya kaddara cewa soma baki don kara goyon bayan zamantakewa don yunkurin daina shan taba bai inganta kimar daina dogon lokaci ba. [179] Masu shan taba da ke kokarin daina shan taba suna fuskantar tasirin zamantakewa wanda zai iya riniayar su su bi su ci gaba da shan taba. Sha'awa yana da saukin tsarewa lokacin da yanayin mutum bai haifar da al'ada ba. Ace mutumin da ya daina shan taba yana da kusanci da masu shan taba. Awannan yanayin, sau da yawa ana saka su cikin yanayin da ke sa sha'awar bin ka'idodin da ke da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, a cikin karamin rukuni tare da akalla daya ba shan taba ba, yuwuwar daidaituwa ta ragu. Zagayewar kai yana faruwa lokacin da mutum ya ji dadin shan taba duk da haka yana shan taba don rage jin dadi. Wargaza wannan zagayowar na iya zama mabudin wajen canza dabi'ar zagon kasa181]. Masu shan tabar da ke da babbar matsalar damuwa na iya zama kasa da nasara wajen daina shan sigari fiye da masu shan sigari wadanda ba su da damuwa. (45]:81 [182] Komawa (ci gaba da shan taba bayan dainawa) yana da alaka da lamuran tunani kamar karancin karfin kai, [183] [184] ko mafi kyawun amsawa; [186 = Illoli= ===Alamun janyewa=== CDC ta gane alamun janyewar nicotine guda bakwai da mutane sukan fuskanta lokacin da suke daina shan taba: "sha'awar shan taba, jin haushi, jin haushi, ko bacin rai, jin tsalle da rashin natsuwa, samun wahalar mai da hankali, samun matsala barci, jin yunwa ko samun nauyi, ko jin damuwa, bakin ciki ko damuwa."[189] Bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da magunguna, irin su varenicline [190] [191] na iva zama da amfani wajen rage alamun janyewar yayin aikin dainawa. ===Girman nauyi=== Yin watsi da shan taba yana da alaka da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 4-5 (8.8-11.0 lb) bayan watanni 12, yawancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na barin. [192]. ===Lafiyar tunani=== Kamar sauran magunguna na jiki, jarabar nicotine yana hafar da kayyadaddun ka'idodin samar da dopamine da sauran masu habaka neurotransmitters yayin da kwakwalwa ke kokarin rama abin habakar dan adam da shan taba ke haifarwa. Wasu bincike daga 1990s sun gano cewa lokacin da mutane suka daina shan taba, alamun damuwa irin su halin kashe kansa ko ainihin bacin rai na iya haifar da, [182] [200] ko da yake wani binciken da aka yi a duniya kwanan nan yana kwatanta masu shan taba da suka daina tsawon watanni 3 tare da masu ci gaba da shan taba sun gano cewa dakatar da shan taba. bai bayyana yana kara damuwa ko damuwa ba. [201] Wani bita na 2021 ya gano cewa barin shan taba yana rage damuwa da damuwa. ==Manazarta== 8v7h0ojtfx6j5pop1ohbbd10rxi57qq 887986 887985 2026-07-27T07:42:38Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Papierosa 1 ubt 0069.jpeg|thumb|sigari]] '''Kashe shan taba''', yawanci ana kiransa '''daina shan taba''' ko '''daina shan taba''', shi ne tsarin daina [[shan taba]] . Shan taba yana dauke da nicotine, wanda ke [[Addiction|da haɗari]] kuma yana iya haifar da dogaro .<ref>https://lccn.loc.gov/00244999</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220525083936/https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024422/https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/</ref> A sakamakon haka, cirewar nicotine sau da yawa yana sa tsarin barin ke da wahala. [[Fayil:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|sigari Wanda aka kashe]] A cewar CDC, Kimanin mutane miliyan 8 ne ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da sigari a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da wani nauyi na tattalin arziki na dala tiriliyan 1.4 a ma'aunin duniya a kowace shekara<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/index.htm</ref>. Shan taba sigari shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa da ake iya hanawa da kuma damuwar lafiyar jama'a a duniya.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207276270</ref>Yin amfani da taba yana haifar da mafi yawan cututtuka da ke shafar zuciya da huhu, tare da shan taba yana zama babban haɗari ga [[ciwon zuciya]],[[bugun jini]], [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtuka na huhu na huhu]] (COPD), Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), emphysema, da nau'i daban-daban da nau'in [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] (musamman [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|ciwon huhu na huhu]], ciwon daji na oropharynx, larynx, da [[Ciwon Daji Na Baka|baki]], ciwon daji na esophageal da [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|pancreatic cancer]] ). Rashin shan taba yana da matukar muhimmanci yana rage haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan taba. Hadarin bugun zuciya a cikin mai shan taba yana raguwa da 50% bayan shekara 1 na dainawa. Haka zalika hadrine galftn cutar kansar huhu yana raguwa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 10 na dainawa Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2010, kusan kashi 70% na masu shan taba a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun nuna sha'awar daina shan taba, kuma 50% sun ruwaito cewa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin hakan a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da dabaru da yawa don dakatar da shan taba, gami da dainawa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da taimako ba (" Turkey mai sanyi "), yankewa sannan barin, shawarwarin ɗabi'a, da magunguna kamar bupropion, cytisine, maye gurbin nicotine, ko varenicline. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]], yawancin masu shan taba sun canza zuwa amfani da sigari na lantarki don daina shan taba. Koyaya, binciken shekarar 2022 ya gano cewa kashi 20% na masu shan sigari waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin amfani da sigari e-cigare don daina shan taba sun yi nasara amma 66% daga cikinsu sun ƙare a matsayin masu amfani da sigari da samfuran vape guda ɗaya shekara guda. Yawancin masu shan taba da suke ƙoƙarin dainawa suna yin hakan ba tare da taimako ba. Koyaya, kawai 3-6% na yunƙurin barin ƙoƙarin ba tare da taimako ba suna samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Shawarwari na dabi'a da magunguna kowanne yana ƙara yawan nasarar barin shan taba, da kuma haɗuwa da shawarwarin hali tare da magani irin su bupropion ya fi tasiri fiye da ko dai shi kadai. A meta-bincike daga shekarar 2018, gudanar a kan 61 bazuwar gwajin gwaji, ya nuna cewa a cikin mutanen da suka daina shan taba tare da wani daina magani (da kuma wani hali taimako), kamar 20% har yanzu wadanda ba shan taba a shekara daga baya, idan aka kwatanta da 12% wanda ba su daina shan taba. shan magani.[23] ==Hanyoyin daina shan taba== ===Yi da kai=== Yakan ɗauki yunƙuri da yawa, da yuwuwar yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kowane lokaci, kafin cimma dogon lokaci. Fiye da kashi 74.7% na masu shan sigari suna ƙoƙarin dainawa ba tare da wani taimako ba,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Caraballo RS, Shafer PR, Patel D, Davis KC, McAfee TA | title=Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014-2016 | journal=Preventing Chronic Disease | volume=14 | pages=E32 | date=April 2017 | pmid=28409740 | pmc=5392446 | doi=10.5888/pcd14.160600 }}</ref> in ba haka ba da aka sani da "turkey mai sanyi", ko tare da magungunan gida. Masu shan taba a baya sun yi tsakanin kiyasin ƙoƙari 6 zuwa 30 kafin su yi nasarar dainawa. Gano wace hanya ko dabara a ƙarshe mafi nasara yana da wahala; an yi ƙiyasin, alal misali, kusan kashi 4 zuwa 7% na mutane ne kawai ke iya daina shan taba a kowane yunƙuri ba tare da magunguna ko wasu taimako ba. Yawancin yunƙurin barin har yanzu ba a taimaka musu ba, ko da yake yanayin yana canzawa. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, adadin barin ba tare da taimako ya faɗi daga 91.8% a 1986 zuwa 52.1% a lokacin Shekara ta 2006 zuwa 2009. Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ba a taimaka ba sune "Turki mai sanyi", kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don nufin ko dai ba tare da taimako ba ko daina ba da gangan da kuma "raguwar adadin" sigari a hankali, ko "raguwar sigari".<ref name="nicotine dependence">{{cite journal | vauthors=Mooney ME, Johnson EO, Breslau N, Bierut LJ, Hatsukami DK | title=Cigarette smoking reduction and changes in nicotine dependence | journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research | volume=13 | issue=6 | pages=426–430 | date=June 2011 | pmid=21367813 | pmc=3103717 | doi=10.1093/ntr/ntr019 | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] on behalf of the [[Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco]] | lccn=00244999 | s2cid=29891495 | editor-link=Marcus Munafo | veditors=Munafò M }}</ref> ===Cold turkey=== "Cold turkey" kalma ce ta magana da ke nuna janyewar ba zato ba tsammani daga magungunan jaraba. A cikin wannan mahallin, yana nuna ba zato ba tsammani da cikakken daina amfani da nicotine. A cikin binciken uku, ita ce hanyar dakatar da 76%, [27] 85%, [28] ko 88% <ref name="Chapman-MacKenzie">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chapman S, MacKenzie R |title=The global research neglect of unassisted smoking cessation: causes and consequences |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e1000216 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20161722 |pmc=2817714 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216 |doi-access=free }}</ref> na dogon lokaci masu nasara sun daina. da wuya" tsayawa, 27% sun ce "yana da matukar wahala", sauran kashi 20% kuma sun ga yana da matukar wahala.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hung WT, Dunlop SM, Perez D, Cotter T |title=Use and perceived helpfulness of smoking cessation methods: results from a population survey of recent quitters |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=11 |page=592 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21791111 |pmc=3160379 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-11-592 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Yanke ƙasa don barin=== Ragewar hankali ya kunshi sannu a hankali rage yawan shan nicotine a kullum. Ana iya cimma wannan hanyar bisa ka'ida ta hanyar maimaita canje-canje ga sigari tare da kananan matakan nicotine, ta hanyar rage yawan sigari da ake sha kullum, ko kuma ta hanyar shan sigari kadan a kowane lokaci. Wani bita na tsari na shekara ta 2009 da masu bincike a Jami'ar [[Birmingham]] suka yi sun gano cewa maye gurbin nicotine a hankali zai iya yin tasiri wajen daina shan taba. Babu wani gagarumin bambanci a farashin daina shan sigari da suka daina ta hanyar ragewa a hankali ko dainawa ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar kauracewa shan taba na akalla watanni shida daga ranar dainawa. Wannan bita ya kuma duba taimakon magunguna guda biyar don ragewa. Lokacin rage yawan shan taba sigari, ya sami w a s shaidun cewa karin varenicline ko saurin maye gurbin nicotine na iya tasiri ga barin barin tsawon watanni shida ko fiye.<ref name="LindsonKlemperer2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindson N, Klemperer E, Hong B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Aveyard P |date=September 2019 |title=Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2019 |issue=9 |pages=CD013183 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013183.pub2 |pmc=6953262 |pmid=31565800}}</ref> ===Magunguna=== [[File:Nicoderm.JPG|thumb|A 21mg dose [[nicotine patch]] applied to the left arm]] Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka ta lura cewa "Nazari a cikin mujallolin likita sun ruwaito cewa kimanin kashi 25% a masu shan taba da ke amfani da magunguna na iya zama marasa shan taba fiye da watanni 6."<ref name=ACS-guide>{{cite web |title= Guide to quitting smoking. What do I need to know about quitting |url= http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf |publisher= American Cancer Society |year= 2014 |access-date= 2017-01-08 |archive-date= 2016-06-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609085602/http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf }}</ref> Magunguna guda daya sun hada da: . Maganin maye gurbin nicotine (NRT): Magunguna biyar ne Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su don isar da nicotine a cikin wani nau'i wanda ba ya hada da hadarin shan taba: facin nicotine transdermal, danko nicotine, lozenges nicotine, masu shakar nicotine, nicotine feshin baki, da nicotine na hanci. Shaidu masu inganci sun nuna cewa wadannan nau'ikan NRT suna habaka kimar nasarar mutanen da suke kokarin daina shan taba. Ana nufin amfani da NRTs a dan gajeren lokaci kuma yakamata a sanya su kasa zuwa karamin adadin kafin tsayawa. NRTs suna kara damar daina shan taba da kashi 50 zuwa 60% idan aka kwatanta da placebo ko kuma babu magani.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T | title=Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation | journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume=5 | issue=5 | pages=CD000146 | date=May 2018 | pmid=29852054 | pmc=6353172 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5 }}</ref> Wasu illolin da aka ruwaito sun hada da dan haushi na gida (masu shakar shaka da feshi) da ciwon kirji marasa ischemic (rare).<ref name="www.canada.ca-2022">{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhou HX | title=The debut of PMC Biophysics | journal=PMC Biophysics | volume=1 | issue=1 | page=1 | date=November 2008 | pmid=19351423 | pmc=2605105 | doi=10.1186/1757-5036-1-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML | title=Pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence | journal=CA | volume=55 | issue=5 | pages=281–99; quiz 322–3, 325 | date=2005 | pmid=16166074 | doi=10.3322/canjclin.55.5.281 | s2cid=25668093 | doi-access=free }}</ref> . Antidepressants: An yi la'akari da bupropion antidepressant a matsayin magani na farko don dakatar da shan taba kuma an nuna h i a yawancin binciken don kara yawan nasara na dogon lokaci. Ko da yake bupropion yana karuwa da hadarin samun abubuwan da ba su da kyau, babu wata huia bayyananne cewa miyagun kwayoyi yana da tasiri ko Zasa idan aka kwatanta da placebo. . Varenicline yana rage sha'awar shan taba kuma yana rage alamun cirewa don haka ana daukarsa magani na farko don daina shan taba.[41] Yawan mutanen da ke daina shan taba tare da varenicline ya fi na bupropion ko NRT. [42] Varenicline fiye da ninki biyu damar barin barin idan aka kwatanta da placebo, kuma yana da tasiri kamar hada nau'ikan NRT guda biyu. 2 MG / rana na varenicline an samo shi don hafar da mafi girman yawan abstinence (33.2%) na kowane magani guda daya, yayin da 1MG / rana yana haifar da kimar abstinence na 25.4%. Wani bita na tsarin 2016 da meta-bincike a gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya kare babu wata shaida da ke goyan bayan alaka tsakanin varenicline da habaka abubuwan cututtukan zuciya. . Clonidine na iya rage alamun janyewar kuma "kusan ninki biyu na abstinence rates idan aka kwatanta da placebo," amma illarsa sun hada da bushe baki da kwantar da hankali, kuma dakatar da maganin ba zato ba tsammani zai iya haifar da hawan jini da sauran illoli. [45] 46]. . Babu wata shaida mai kyau cewa anxiolytics suna taimakawa. 47] . Abaya can, rimonabant, wanda shine nav'in antagonist na cannabinoid mai karba, an yi amfani dashi don taimakawa wajen barinwa da kuma daidaita nauyin da ake sa ran. [48]. Amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa masana'antun rimonabant da taranabant sun daina samarwa a cikin 2008 saboda mummunan tasirin CNS. ===Shirye-shiryen al'umma=== Harkokin al'umma ta amfani da "tashoshi da yawa don samar da karfafawa, tallafi da ka'idoii don rashin shan taba" na iya yin tasiri akan sakamakon dakatar da shan taba a tsakanin manya. [49] Hanyoyi na musamman da ake amfani da su a cikin al'umma don karfafa daina shan taba a tsakanin manya sun hada da: . Manufofin yin wuraren aiki [27] da wuraren jama'a marasa shan taba. An kiyasta cewa "cikakkiyar dokokin cikin gida mai tsabta" na iva kara yawan adadin daina shan taba da kashi 12%-38%[50] A cikin 2008, Jihar New York a Alcoholism da Ayyukan Abuse Abuse sun haramta shan taba ta marasa lafiya, ma'aikata, da masu sa kai a cibiyoyin jiyya na 1,300.[51] . Dokokin son rai na sa gidaje su zama marasa shan taba, wadanda ake tunanin suna habaka daina shan taba. [27][52] .Kaddamarwa don ilimantar da jama'a game da illolin kiwon lafiya na shan taba, [53] ciki har da manyan hatsarori na kutsawa cikin hayaki na hannu ga mazauna gidaje masu yawan jama'a. [54] .Kara farashin kayayyakin taba, misali ta hanyar haraji. HUKUNCIN CIGABA DA AlKATAWA "Huija mai mahimmanci" cewa wannan yana da tasiri a cikin karuwar sigari [55]: 28-30 an kiyasta cewa karuwa ta CIGABA DAGA 3-5 %.[50] .Kamfen watsa labarai. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa idan aka hada su tare da wasu nau''in shiga tsakani, kamfen din watsa labarai na iya zama da fa'ida.[55]: 30-32[56.'' .Shaidu masu rauni sun nuna cewa sanya dokar hana shan taba a asibitoci da gidajen yari na iya rage yawan shan taba da shan taba.[57] ===Magungunan masana=== Shirye-shiryen da masana magunguna ke jagoranta sun tabbatar da yin tasiri wajen taimakawa yunkurin daina shan taba. Yawancin sake dubawa na tsari sun kalli mahimmancin shigar da magunguna. A kasar Malesiya, bincikensu ya yi nazari kan yadda masu yin harhada magunguna a cikin kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya gaba daya ya nuna ci gaba wajen tantance farkon cutar. [58] Wannan ya ba da izinin magani na farko yana farawa a cikin COPD mai haifar da shan taba. Bugu da kari, masu harhada magunguna a Malaysia na iya rubuta samfuran NRT, kuma lokacin da suka jagoranci sabis na daina shan taba, ya fi nasara fiye da sauran gwaje-gwajen daina shan taba a Malaysia. [58] An kuma nuna cewa masu ba da magunguna da samfuran NRT sun fi tasiri wajen daina shan taba fiye da amfani da NRT kadai. Acikin ayyukan dakatar da shan sigari da masu siyar da magunguna ke jagoranta a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], binciken ya gano fa'idodin kididdiga da fa'idodi na asibiti suna fifita sa hannun masu harhada magunguna. [59] Sun gano cewa tsarin kulawa, da ziyarar yau da kullun, samun saukin isa ga masu harhada magunguna sun taimaka wa mutane da yawa wadanda ke kokarin barin aiki fize da ba tare da. Duk da haka, binciken ya kammala cewa ya kamata a yi karin bincike a yankin yayin da suka gano wani hadarin da ba a sani ba a cikin binciken da aka hada[59]. ===Hanyoyi na zamantakewa=== The Great American Smokeout taron ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke gayyatar masu shan sigari su daina na kwana daya, da fatan za su iya tsawaita wannan har abada. . Ranar 31 ga watan Mayun kowace shekara ce hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ware ranar yaki da shan taba sigari. . Sau da yawa ana ba da tallafin dakatar da shan taba ta hanyar dakatar da wayar tarho|72][73] (misali, lambar kyauta ta Amurka 1-800-QUIT-NOW), ko kuma cikin mutum. Nazari guda uku na meta-bincike sun kammala cewa tallafin dakatar da tarho yana da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da karamin ko babu shawarwari ko taimakon kai da kuma cewa dakatarwar tarho tare da magani ya fi inganci fiye da magani kadai, [45]: 91-92[55]:40-42 kuma wannan nasiha mai zurfi na mutum ya fi tasiri fiye da takaitaccen shawarwari na sirri. 7 4 ] . Kungiyar 'Yanci Daga Shan Sigari ta kunshi zama takwas kuma tana fasalta tsarin mataki-mataki don barin shan taba. An tsara kowane zama don taimakawa masu shan taba su sami iko akan halayensu. Tsarin asibitin yana karfafa mahalarta suyi aiki a kan tsari da matsalolin barin duka biyu da kuma a matsayin bangare na kungiya.84] . Yawancin nau'd'in t s o m a baki na psychosocial suna habaka kimar barin aiki: 10.8% ba tare da soma baki ba, 15.1% don tsari daya, 18.5% don tsari 2, da 23.2% don tsari uku ko hudu.45: 91 .An yi amfani da tsarin juzu'i, gami da "matakan canji", wajen daidaita hanyoyin dakatar da shan taba ga daidaikun mutane, [85][86](87][88] duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa "taimakon kai na tushen mataki. shisshigi (tsarin kwararru da/ko kayan da aka kebance) da nasha na daidaikun ba su da karfi ko kasa da tasiri fiye da wadanda ba su da tushe."[89]. ===Yadda ake saita ranar bari=== Yawancin albarkatun daina shan taba irin su Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) [90] da kuma Mayo Clinic 9 1 suna karfafa masu shan taba don kirkirar shirin barin, ciki har da saita ranar dainawa, wanda ke taimaka musu tsammani da tsara kalubalen shan taba. Tsarin dainawa zai iya inganta damar mai shan taba na samun nasarar barinsa9 2 [93][94] kamar yadda zai iya saita Litinin, a matsayin ranar dainawa, g a i n cewa bincike ya nuna cewa Litinin fiye da kowace rana ita ce lokacin da masu shan taba ke neman bayanai akan layi. daina shan taba9 5 da kuma kiran da a daina shan taba96]. A [[Nepal]], masu shan taba ba sa son kai, an fara kamfen na lafiya na makonni biyu a ranar Valentine da Vasant panchami don zaburar da mutane su daina shan taba a matsayin sadaukarwa ga kaunatattunsu da yanke shawara mai ma'ana ta rayuwa. Wanna yakin yana daukar hankalin jama'a. [97] ===Taimakon kai=== Kayayyakin taimakon kai na iya haifar da karamar habakar kima musamman lokacin da babu wani nau'i na tallafi na tallafi.[98] "Sakamakon taimakon kai ya kasance mai rauni", kuma adadin nau'ikan taimakon kai bai haifar da kimar kamewa ba. 45]:89-91 Duk da haka, hanyoyin taimakon kai don daina shan taba sun hada da: . Kungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai irin su Nicotine Anonymous, [99][100] ko albarkatun dakatarwa na gizo kamar Smokefree.gov, wanda ke ba da taimako iri-iri ciki har da kayan taimakon kai.[101] .WebMD: hanya ce ta samar da bayanan tushen yanar lafiya, kayan aikin sarrafa lafiya, da tallafi. 102 ===Ra'ayin biochemical=== Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ba masu shan sigari damar g a i n tasirin amfani da taba da kuma tasirin barinsa nan take. Yin amfani da hanyoyin mayar da martani na biochemical na iya ba da damar gano masu amfani da taba da tantancewa, kuma saka idanu a duk kokarin barin a iya kara kuzari don barin. [107][108] Shaida- hikima, an san kadan game da illolin yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen halittu don tantance hadarin mutum dangane da daina shan taba.[109] . Sa ido kan numfashin carbon monoxide (CO): carbon monoxide wani muhimmin sashi ne na hayakin sigari, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urar duba carbon monoxide don gano amfani da sigari na yanzu. Matsalolin carbon monoxide a cikin numfashi yana da alaka kai tsaye tare da hadin gwiwar CO a cikin jini, wanda aka sani da kashi carboxyhemoglobin. Kimar nuna hadin jini CO ga mai shan taba ta hanyar samfurin numfashi mara lalacewa shine yana danganta al'adar shan taba tare da cutarwar jiki da ke hade da shan taba. [110] . Cotinine: Cotinine, metabolite na nicotine, yana cikin masu shan taba. Kamar carbon monoxide, gwajin cotinine na iya zama abin dogara ga yanayin shan taba. [111] Ana iya gwada matakan Cotinine ta [[fitsari]], yau, jini, ko samfuran gashi. Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun gwajin cotinine shine cin zarafi na hanyoyin yin samfur. Duk da yake duka matakan suna ba da babban hankali da kayyadaddun kayyadaddun bayanai, sun bambanta ta hanyar amfani da farashi. Misali, sa ido kan numfashin CO ba mai cutarwa bane, yayin da gwajin cotinine ya dogara da ruwan jiki. Misali, wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu ana iya amfani da su kadai ko tare yayin da tabbatar da kauracewa yana bukatar karin tabbaci 112. ===Gasa da abubuwan kara kuzari=== Kimar kudi ko kayan aiki don jawo hankalin mutane su daina shan taba yana inganta daina shan taba yayin da dalili ke nan.[113] Gasar da ke bukatar mahalarta su saka kudin kansu, "yin yin fare" cewa za su vi nasara wajen daina shan taba, ya zama abin karfafawa. [113] Duk da haka, yana da wuya a dauki mahalarta don irin wannan gasa a cikin kwatancen kai-da-kai tare da wasu samfura masu karfafawa, kamar ba wa mahalarta NRT ko sanya su cikin tsarin lada na yau da kullun.[114] Shaidu sun nuna cewa shirye-shiryen karfafawa na iya yin tasiri ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba.[113] Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai karancin adadin karatu kan "sake da nasara" da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi gasa da sakamakon binciken da ake da su ba su cika ba. [115] ==Yawan jama'a na musamman== ===Yara da matasa=== Hanyoyin amfani da yara da matasa sun hada da: .Habaka habakawa[151] . Taimakon ilimin halin dan adam [151] . Ayyukan hana shan taba sigari na matasa, kamar sa hannu a wasanni . Manhajojin makaranta, kamar horar da dabarun rayuwa . Zaman shawarwarin ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta|152 . Rage isa ga taba . Kafofin watsa labarai na anti-taba, Sadarwar iyali. ===Mata masu ciki=== Shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da illa ga lafiyar mace da tayin. Jagoran Amurka na 2008 ya kaddara cewa "matsalolin zamantakewar mutum-da- mutum" (yawanci ciki har da "shawara mai zurfi") ya karu yawan kaurace wa mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba zuwa 13.3%, idan aka kwatanta da 7.6% a cikin kulawa na yau da kullum. [45]: 165-167 Uwayen da ke shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki suna da halin haihu da wuri. Yawancin jariran su ba su da habaka, suna da kananan sassan jiki, kuma suna da nauyi fiye da matsakaicin nauyin jariri. Bugu da kari, wadannan jariran suna da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa kamar kumburin kunne na tsakiya da mashako mai asthmatic, da kuma yanayin rayuwa kamar ciwon sukari da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], duk suna iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa. [156]. Bugu da kari, wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amirka ta buga ya nuna cewa shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki yana kara yiwuwar mutuwar jarirai ba zato ba tsammani ((SUID) ko (SIDS)). [157]. Hakanan akwai karin damar cewa yaron zai kasance mai shan taba a lokacin girma. Wani bita da aka yi na tsari ya nuna cewa ayyukan zamantakewar zamantakewa suna taimaka wa mata su daina shan taba a karshen ciki kuma yana iya rage hadarin jarirai marasa nauyi. Tatsuniya ce cewa mace mai shan taba na iya cutar da tayin ta hanyar daina gaggawa da gano tana da ciki. Wannan ra'ayin ba ya dogara ne akan wani binciken likita ko gaskiya ba. [159] ===Masu shan taba a asibiti=== Masu shan taba da aka kwantar da su a asibiti na iya zama dalili na musamman don barin. Binciken Cochrane na 2012 ya gano cewa ayyukan da suka fara a lokacin zaman asibiti da ci gaba da wata daya ko fiye bayan fitarwa suna da tasiri wajen haifar da kauracewa. 165. Marasa lafiya da ke yin zaben tiyata na iya samun fa'idodin hanyoyin hana shan sigari kafin a fara aiki, lokacin farawa 4-8 makonni kafin tiyata tare da sa baki na mako-mako don tallafin dabi'a da amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine. [166] An samo shi don rage rikice-rikice da yawan cututtuka bayan tiyata. [166]. ===Rashin hankali=== Mutanen da ke da matsalar vanayi ko rashin kulawa da rashin hankali suna da damar da za su fara shan taba da kuma karancin damar daina shan taba. [167] An kuma ga alaka mafi girma da shan taba a cikin mutanen da aka gano suna da babbar cuta ta damuwa a kowane lokaci a tsawon rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba tare da shi ba. Adadin nasarar da aka samu wajen barin shan taba ya yi kasa sosai ga wadanda ke da babbar matsalar rashin damuwa da mutanen da ba tare da an gano cutar ba. [168] Fitar da hayakin sigari tun farkon rayuwa, lokacin daukar ciki, kuruciya, ko samartaka, na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban daidaikun yara kuma yana kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan damuwa a nan gaba.[167] ===Rikicin amfani da abubuwa na lokaci guda=== Sama da kashi uku bisa hudu na mutanen da ake jinyar amfani da kayan maye suna shan taba a halin yanzu.173] Bayar da shawarwari da magunguna (maganin maye gurbin nicotine kamar faci ko danko, varenicline, da/ko bupropion) yana kara kauracewa taba ba tare da kara hadarin komawa ga sauran abubuwan amfani ba. 174 ==Kwatanta kimar nasara== Kwatankwacin adadin nasara a cikin tsangwama na iya zama da wahala saboda ma'anoni daban-daban na "nasara" a cikin nazarin. [165] Robert West da Saul Shiffman, hukumomi a wanna fanni da ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya na gwamnati suka amince da su a cikin kasashe da yawa, [164]:73, 76, 80 sun kammala cewa, amfani da su tare, "tallafin halayya" da "maganin magani" na iya rubanya damar da za a samu. yunkurin barin aiki zai yi nasara. Wani bita na tsari na 2008 a cikin Jarida ta Turai na Rigakafin Ciwon daji ya gano cewa tsarin halayyar rukuni shine mafi kyawun dabarun shiga tsakani don dakatar da shan taba, sannan bupropion, shawarar likita mai zurfi, maganin maye gurbin nicotine, shawarwarin mutum, shawarwarin tarho, toma baki, da kuma dacewa da kai. -matsalolin taimako; binciken bai tattauna batun varenicline ba. ==Abubuwan da ke shafar nasara== Kashewa na iya zama da wahala ga mutanen da ke da fata mai launin duhu fiye da masu launin fata tun da nicotine yana da alaka ga kyallen da ke dauke da melanin. Bincike ya nuna hakan na iya haifar da al'amarin karuwar dogaro da nicotine da rage yawan daina shan taba a cikin mutane masu launin duhu.(177 Akwai muhimmin bangaren zamantakewa ga shan taba. Yaduwar daina shan taba daga mutum zuwa mutumyana taimakawa wajen raguwar shan taba a wadannan shekaru[178]. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2008 a cibiyar sadarwar da ke da alaka da mutane sama da 12,000 ya gano cewa daina shan taba ta kowane mutum da aka ba shi ya rage damar w a s da ke kewaye da su haskaka ta da adadin masu zuwa: mata da kashi 67%, dan'uwa ta kashi 25%, aboki da 36. %, da abokin aiki da 34%. [178] Duk da haka, wani bita na Cochrane ya kaddara cewa soma baki don kara goyon bayan zamantakewa don yunkurin daina shan taba bai inganta kimar daina dogon lokaci ba. [179] Masu shan taba da ke kokarin daina shan taba suna fuskantar tasirin zamantakewa wanda zai iya riniayar su su bi su ci gaba da shan taba. Sha'awa yana da saukin tsarewa lokacin da yanayin mutum bai haifar da al'ada ba. Ace mutumin da ya daina shan taba yana da kusanci da masu shan taba. Awannan yanayin, sau da yawa ana saka su cikin yanayin da ke sa sha'awar bin ka'idodin da ke da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, a cikin karamin rukuni tare da akalla daya ba shan taba ba, yuwuwar daidaituwa ta ragu. Zagayewar kai yana faruwa lokacin da mutum ya ji dadin shan taba duk da haka yana shan taba don rage jin dadi. Wargaza wannan zagayowar na iya zama mabudin wajen canza dabi'ar zagon kasa181]. Masu shan tabar da ke da babbar matsalar damuwa na iya zama kasa da nasara wajen daina shan sigari fiye da masu shan sigari wadanda ba su da damuwa. (45]:81 [182] Komawa (ci gaba da shan taba bayan dainawa) yana da alaka da lamuran tunani kamar karancin karfin kai, [183] [184] ko mafi kyawun amsawa; [186 = Illoli= ===Alamun janyewa=== CDC ta gane alamun janyewar nicotine guda bakwai da mutane sukan fuskanta lokacin da suke daina shan taba: "sha'awar shan taba, jin haushi, jin haushi, ko bacin rai, jin tsalle da rashin natsuwa, samun wahalar mai da hankali, samun matsala barci, jin yunwa ko samun nauyi, ko jin damuwa, bakin ciki ko damuwa."[189] Bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da magunguna, irin su varenicline [190] [191] na iva zama da amfani wajen rage alamun janyewar yayin aikin dainawa. ===Girman nauyi=== Yin watsi da shan taba yana da alaka da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 4-5 (8.8-11.0 lb) bayan watanni 12, yawancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na barin. [192]. ===Lafiyar tunani=== Kamar sauran magunguna na jiki, jarabar nicotine yana hafar da kayyadaddun ka'idodin samar da dopamine da sauran masu habaka neurotransmitters yayin da kwakwalwa ke kokarin rama abin habakar dan adam da shan taba ke haifarwa. Wasu bincike daga 1990s sun gano cewa lokacin da mutane suka daina shan taba, alamun damuwa irin su halin kashe kansa ko ainihin bacin rai na iya haifar da, [182] [200] ko da yake wani binciken da aka yi a duniya kwanan nan yana kwatanta masu shan taba da suka daina tsawon watanni 3 tare da masu ci gaba da shan taba sun gano cewa dakatar da shan taba. bai bayyana yana kara damuwa ko damuwa ba. [201] Wani bita na 2021 ya gano cewa barin shan taba yana rage damuwa da damuwa. ==Manazarta== 16dkawlw07mts5itixc2blug3c4c683 887987 887986 2026-07-27T07:44:19Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Papierosa 1 ubt 0069.jpeg|thumb|sigari]] '''Kashe shan taba''', yawanci ana kiransa '''daina shan taba''' ko '''daina shan taba''', shi ne tsarin daina [[shan taba]] . Shan taba yana dauke da nicotine, wanda ke [[Addiction|da haɗari]] kuma yana iya haifar da dogaro .<ref>https://lccn.loc.gov/00244999</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220525083936/https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024422/https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/</ref> A sakamakon haka, cirewar nicotine sau da yawa yana sa tsarin barin ke da wahala. [[Fayil:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|sigari Wanda aka kashe]] A cewar CDC, Kimanin mutane miliyan 8 ne ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da sigari a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da wani nauyi na tattalin arziki na dala tiriliyan 1.4 a ma'aunin duniya a kowace shekara<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/index.htm</ref>. Shan taba sigari shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa da ake iya hanawa da kuma damuwar lafiyar jama'a a duniya.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207276270</ref>Yin amfani da taba yana haifar da mafi yawan cututtuka da ke shafar zuciya da huhu, tare da shan taba yana zama babban haɗari ga [[ciwon zuciya]],[[bugun jini]], [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtuka na huhu na huhu]] (COPD), Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), emphysema, da nau'i daban-daban da nau'in [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] (musamman [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|ciwon huhu na huhu]], ciwon daji na oropharynx, larynx, da [[Ciwon Daji Na Baka|baki]], ciwon daji na esophageal da [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|pancreatic cancer]] ). Rashin shan taba yana da matukar muhimmanci yana rage haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan taba. Hadarin bugun zuciya a cikin mai shan taba yana raguwa da 50% bayan shekara 1 na dainawa. Haka zalika hadrine galftn cutar kansar huhu yana raguwa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 10 na dainawa Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2010, kusan kashi 70% na masu shan taba a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun nuna sha'awar daina shan taba, kuma 50% sun ruwaito cewa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin hakan a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da dabaru da yawa don dakatar da shan taba, gami da dainawa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da taimako ba (" Turkey mai sanyi "), yankewa sannan barin, shawarwarin ɗabi'a, da magunguna kamar bupropion, cytisine, maye gurbin nicotine, ko varenicline. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]], yawancin masu shan taba sun canza zuwa amfani da sigari na lantarki don daina shan taba. Koyaya, binciken shekarar 2022 ya gano cewa kashi 20% na masu shan sigari waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin amfani da sigari e-cigare don daina shan taba sun yi nasara amma 66% daga cikinsu sun ƙare a matsayin masu amfani da sigari da samfuran vape guda ɗaya shekara guda. Yawancin masu shan taba da suke ƙoƙarin dainawa suna yin hakan ba tare da taimako ba. Koyaya, kawai 3-6% na yunƙurin barin ƙoƙarin ba tare da taimako ba suna samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Shawarwari na dabi'a da magunguna kowanne yana ƙara yawan nasarar barin shan taba, da kuma haɗuwa da shawarwarin hali tare da magani irin su bupropion ya fi tasiri fiye da ko dai shi kadai. A meta-bincike daga shekarar 2018, gudanar a kan 61 bazuwar gwajin gwaji, ya nuna cewa a cikin mutanen da suka daina shan taba tare da wani daina magani (da kuma wani hali taimako), kamar 20% har yanzu wadanda ba shan taba a shekara daga baya, idan aka kwatanta da 12% wanda ba su daina shan taba. shan magani.[23] ==Hanyoyin daina shan taba== ===Yi da kai=== Yakan ɗauki yunƙuri da yawa, da yuwuwar yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kowane lokaci, kafin cimma dogon lokaci. Fiye da kashi 74.7% na masu shan sigari suna ƙoƙarin dainawa ba tare da wani taimako ba,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Caraballo RS, Shafer PR, Patel D, Davis KC, McAfee TA | title=Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014-2016 | journal=Preventing Chronic Disease | volume=14 | pages=E32 | date=April 2017 | pmid=28409740 | pmc=5392446 | doi=10.5888/pcd14.160600 }}</ref> in ba haka ba da aka sani da "turkey mai sanyi", ko tare da magungunan gida. Masu shan taba a baya sun yi tsakanin kiyasin ƙoƙari 6 zuwa 30 kafin su yi nasarar dainawa. Gano wace hanya ko dabara a ƙarshe mafi nasara yana da wahala; an yi ƙiyasin, alal misali, kusan kashi 4 zuwa 7% na mutane ne kawai ke iya daina shan taba a kowane yunƙuri ba tare da magunguna ko wasu taimako ba. Yawancin yunƙurin barin har yanzu ba a taimaka musu ba, ko da yake yanayin yana canzawa. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, adadin barin ba tare da taimako ya faɗi daga 91.8% a 1986 zuwa 52.1% a lokacin Shekara ta 2006 zuwa 2009. Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ba a taimaka ba sune "Turki mai sanyi", kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don nufin ko dai ba tare da taimako ba ko daina ba da gangan da kuma "raguwar adadin" sigari a hankali, ko "raguwar sigari".<ref name="nicotine dependence">{{cite journal | vauthors=Mooney ME, Johnson EO, Breslau N, Bierut LJ, Hatsukami DK | title=Cigarette smoking reduction and changes in nicotine dependence | journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research | volume=13 | issue=6 | pages=426–430 | date=June 2011 | pmid=21367813 | pmc=3103717 | doi=10.1093/ntr/ntr019 | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] on behalf of the [[Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco]] | lccn=00244999 | s2cid=29891495 | editor-link=Marcus Munafo | veditors=Munafò M }}</ref> ===Cold turkey=== "Cold turkey" kalma ce ta magana da ke nuna janyewar ba zato ba tsammani daga magungunan jaraba. A cikin wannan mahallin, yana nuna ba zato ba tsammani da cikakken daina amfani da nicotine. A cikin binciken uku, ita ce hanyar dakatar da 76%, [27] 85%, [28] ko 88% <ref name="Chapman-MacKenzie">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chapman S, MacKenzie R |title=The global research neglect of unassisted smoking cessation: causes and consequences |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e1000216 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20161722 |pmc=2817714 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216 |doi-access=free }}</ref> na dogon lokaci masu nasara sun daina. da wuya" tsayawa, 27% sun ce "yana da matukar wahala", sauran kashi 20% kuma sun ga yana da matukar wahala.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hung WT, Dunlop SM, Perez D, Cotter T |title=Use and perceived helpfulness of smoking cessation methods: results from a population survey of recent quitters |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=11 |page=592 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21791111 |pmc=3160379 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-11-592 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Yanke ƙasa don barin=== Ragewar hankali ya kunshi sannu a hankali rage yawan shan nicotine a kullum. Ana iya cimma wannan hanyar bisa ka'ida ta hanyar maimaita canje-canje ga sigari tare da kananan matakan nicotine, ta hanyar rage yawan sigari da ake sha kullum, ko kuma ta hanyar shan sigari kadan a kowane lokaci. Wani bita na tsari na shekara ta 2009 da masu bincike a Jami'ar [[Birmingham]] suka yi sun gano cewa maye gurbin nicotine a hankali zai iya yin tasiri wajen daina shan taba. Babu wani gagarumin bambanci a farashin daina shan sigari da suka daina ta hanyar ragewa a hankali ko dainawa ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar kauracewa shan taba na akalla watanni shida daga ranar dainawa. Wannan bita ya kuma duba taimakon magunguna guda biyar don ragewa. Lokacin rage yawan shan taba sigari, ya sami w a s shaidun cewa karin varenicline ko saurin maye gurbin nicotine na iya tasiri ga barin barin tsawon watanni shida ko fiye.<ref name="LindsonKlemperer2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindson N, Klemperer E, Hong B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Aveyard P |date=September 2019 |title=Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2019 |issue=9 |pages=CD013183 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013183.pub2 |pmc=6953262 |pmid=31565800}}</ref> ===Magunguna=== [[File:Nicoderm.JPG|thumb|A 21mg dose [[nicotine patch]] applied to the left arm]] Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka ta lura cewa "Nazari a cikin mujallolin likita sun ruwaito cewa kimanin kashi 25% a masu shan taba da ke amfani da magunguna na iya zama marasa shan taba fiye da watanni 6."<ref name=ACS-guide>{{cite web |title= Guide to quitting smoking. What do I need to know about quitting |url= http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf |publisher= American Cancer Society |year= 2014 |access-date= 2017-01-08 |archive-date= 2016-06-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609085602/http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf }}</ref> Magunguna guda daya sun hada da: . Maganin maye gurbin nicotine (NRT): Magunguna biyar ne Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su don isar da nicotine a cikin wani nau'i wanda ba ya hada da hadarin shan taba: facin nicotine transdermal, danko nicotine, lozenges nicotine, masu shaƙar nicotine, nicotine feshin baki, da nicotine na hanci. Shaidu masu inganci sun nuna cewa wadannan nau'ikan NRT suna habaka kimar nasarar mutanen da suke kokarin daina shan taba. Ana nufin amfani da NRTs a dan gajeren lokaci kuma yakamata a sanya su kasa zuwa karamin adadin kafin tsayawa. NRTs suna kara damar daina shan taba da kashi 50 zuwa 60% idan aka kwatanta da placebo ko kuma babu magani.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T | title=Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation | journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume=5 | issue=5 | pages=CD000146 | date=May 2018 | pmid=29852054 | pmc=6353172 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5 }}</ref> Wasu illolin da aka ruwaito sun hada da dan haushi na gida (masu shakar shaka da feshi) da ciwon kirji marasa ischemic (rare).<ref name="www.canada.ca-2022">{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhou HX | title=The debut of PMC Biophysics | journal=PMC Biophysics | volume=1 | issue=1 | page=1 | date=November 2008 | pmid=19351423 | pmc=2605105 | doi=10.1186/1757-5036-1-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML | title=Pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence | journal=CA | volume=55 | issue=5 | pages=281–99; quiz 322–3, 325 | date=2005 | pmid=16166074 | doi=10.3322/canjclin.55.5.281 | s2cid=25668093 | doi-access=free }}</ref> . Antidepressants: An yi la'akari da bupropion antidepressant a matsayin magani na farko don dakatar da shan taba kuma an nuna h i a yawancin binciken don kara yawan nasara na dogon lokaci. Ko da yake bupropion yana karuwa da hadarin samun abubuwan da ba su da kyau, babu wata huia bayyananne cewa miyagun kwayoyi yana da tasiri ko Zasa idan aka kwatanta da placebo. . Varenicline yana rage sha'awar shan taba kuma yana rage alamun cirewa don haka ana daukarsa magani na farko don daina shan taba.[41] Yawan mutanen da ke daina shan taba tare da varenicline ya fi na bupropion ko NRT. [42] Varenicline fiye da ninki biyu damar barin barin idan aka kwatanta da placebo, kuma yana da tasiri kamar hada nau'ikan NRT guda biyu. 2 MG / rana na varenicline an samo shi don hafar da mafi girman yawan abstinence (33.2%) na kowane magani guda daya, yayin da 1MG / rana yana haifar da kimar abstinence na 25.4%. Wani bita na tsarin 2016 da meta-bincike a gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya kare babu wata shaida da ke goyan bayan alaka tsakanin varenicline da habaka abubuwan cututtukan zuciya. . Clonidine na iya rage alamun janyewar kuma "kusan ninki biyu na abstinence rates idan aka kwatanta da placebo," amma illarsa sun hada da bushe baki da kwantar da hankali, kuma dakatar da maganin ba zato ba tsammani zai iya haifar da hawan jini da sauran illoli. [45] 46]. . Babu wata shaida mai kyau cewa anxiolytics suna taimakawa. 47] . Abaya can, rimonabant, wanda shine nav'in antagonist na cannabinoid mai karba, an yi amfani dashi don taimakawa wajen barinwa da kuma daidaita nauyin da ake sa ran. [48]. Amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa masana'antun rimonabant da taranabant sun daina samarwa a cikin 2008 saboda mummunan tasirin CNS. ===Shirye-shiryen al'umma=== Harkokin al'umma ta amfani da "tashoshi da yawa don samar da karfafawa, tallafi da ka'idoii don rashin shan taba" na iya yin tasiri akan sakamakon dakatar da shan taba a tsakanin manya. [49] Hanyoyi na musamman da ake amfani da su a cikin al'umma don karfafa daina shan taba a tsakanin manya sun hada da: . Manufofin yin wuraren aiki [27] da wuraren jama'a marasa shan taba. An kiyasta cewa "cikakkiyar dokokin cikin gida mai tsabta" na iva kara yawan adadin daina shan taba da kashi 12%-38%[50] A cikin 2008, Jihar New York a Alcoholism da Ayyukan Abuse Abuse sun haramta shan taba ta marasa lafiya, ma'aikata, da masu sa kai a cibiyoyin jiyya na 1,300.[51] . Dokokin son rai na sa gidaje su zama marasa shan taba, wadanda ake tunanin suna habaka daina shan taba. [27][52] .Kaddamarwa don ilimantar da jama'a game da illolin kiwon lafiya na shan taba, [53] ciki har da manyan hatsarori na kutsawa cikin hayaki na hannu ga mazauna gidaje masu yawan jama'a. [54] .Kara farashin kayayyakin taba, misali ta hanyar haraji. HUKUNCIN CIGABA DA AlKATAWA "Huija mai mahimmanci" cewa wannan yana da tasiri a cikin karuwar sigari [55]: 28-30 an kiyasta cewa karuwa ta CIGABA DAGA 3-5 %.[50] .Kamfen watsa labarai. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa idan aka hada su tare da wasu nau''in shiga tsakani, kamfen din watsa labarai na iya zama da fa'ida.[55]: 30-32[56.'' .Shaidu masu rauni sun nuna cewa sanya dokar hana shan taba a asibitoci da gidajen yari na iya rage yawan shan taba da shan taba.[57] ===Magungunan masana=== Shirye-shiryen da masana magunguna ke jagoranta sun tabbatar da yin tasiri wajen taimakawa yunkurin daina shan taba. Yawancin sake dubawa na tsari sun kalli mahimmancin shigar da magunguna. A kasar Malesiya, bincikensu ya yi nazari kan yadda masu yin harhada magunguna a cikin kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya gaba daya ya nuna ci gaba wajen tantance farkon cutar. [58] Wannan ya ba da izinin magani na farko yana farawa a cikin COPD mai haifar da shan taba. Bugu da kari, masu harhada magunguna a Malaysia na iya rubuta samfuran NRT, kuma lokacin da suka jagoranci sabis na daina shan taba, ya fi nasara fiye da sauran gwaje-gwajen daina shan taba a Malaysia. [58] An kuma nuna cewa masu ba da magunguna da samfuran NRT sun fi tasiri wajen daina shan taba fiye da amfani da NRT kadai. Acikin ayyukan dakatar da shan sigari da masu siyar da magunguna ke jagoranta a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], binciken ya gano fa'idodin kididdiga da fa'idodi na asibiti suna fifita sa hannun masu harhada magunguna. [59] Sun gano cewa tsarin kulawa, da ziyarar yau da kullun, samun saukin isa ga masu harhada magunguna sun taimaka wa mutane da yawa wadanda ke kokarin barin aiki fize da ba tare da. Duk da haka, binciken ya kammala cewa ya kamata a yi karin bincike a yankin yayin da suka gano wani hadarin da ba a sani ba a cikin binciken da aka hada[59]. ===Hanyoyi na zamantakewa=== The Great American Smokeout taron ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke gayyatar masu shan sigari su daina na kwana daya, da fatan za su iya tsawaita wannan har abada. . Ranar 31 ga watan Mayun kowace shekara ce hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ware ranar yaki da shan taba sigari. . Sau da yawa ana ba da tallafin dakatar da shan taba ta hanyar dakatar da wayar tarho|72][73] (misali, lambar kyauta ta Amurka 1-800-QUIT-NOW), ko kuma cikin mutum. Nazari guda uku na meta-bincike sun kammala cewa tallafin dakatar da tarho yana da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da karamin ko babu shawarwari ko taimakon kai da kuma cewa dakatarwar tarho tare da magani ya fi inganci fiye da magani kadai, [45]: 91-92[55]:40-42 kuma wannan nasiha mai zurfi na mutum ya fi tasiri fiye da takaitaccen shawarwari na sirri. 7 4 ] . Kungiyar 'Yanci Daga Shan Sigari ta kunshi zama takwas kuma tana fasalta tsarin mataki-mataki don barin shan taba. An tsara kowane zama don taimakawa masu shan taba su sami iko akan halayensu. Tsarin asibitin yana karfafa mahalarta suyi aiki a kan tsari da matsalolin barin duka biyu da kuma a matsayin bangare na kungiya.84] . Yawancin nau'd'in t s o m a baki na psychosocial suna habaka kimar barin aiki: 10.8% ba tare da soma baki ba, 15.1% don tsari daya, 18.5% don tsari 2, da 23.2% don tsari uku ko hudu.45: 91 .An yi amfani da tsarin juzu'i, gami da "matakan canji", wajen daidaita hanyoyin dakatar da shan taba ga daidaikun mutane, [85][86](87][88] duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa "taimakon kai na tushen mataki. shisshigi (tsarin kwararru da/ko kayan da aka kebance) da nasha na daidaikun ba su da karfi ko kasa da tasiri fiye da wadanda ba su da tushe."[89]. ===Yadda ake saita ranar bari=== Yawancin albarkatun daina shan taba irin su Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) [90] da kuma Mayo Clinic 9 1 suna karfafa masu shan taba don kirkirar shirin barin, ciki har da saita ranar dainawa, wanda ke taimaka musu tsammani da tsara kalubalen shan taba. Tsarin dainawa zai iya inganta damar mai shan taba na samun nasarar barinsa9 2 [93][94] kamar yadda zai iya saita Litinin, a matsayin ranar dainawa, g a i n cewa bincike ya nuna cewa Litinin fiye da kowace rana ita ce lokacin da masu shan taba ke neman bayanai akan layi. daina shan taba9 5 da kuma kiran da a daina shan taba96]. A [[Nepal]], masu shan taba ba sa son kai, an fara kamfen na lafiya na makonni biyu a ranar Valentine da Vasant panchami don zaburar da mutane su daina shan taba a matsayin sadaukarwa ga kaunatattunsu da yanke shawara mai ma'ana ta rayuwa. Wanna yakin yana daukar hankalin jama'a. [97] ===Taimakon kai=== Kayayyakin taimakon kai na iya haifar da karamar habakar kima musamman lokacin da babu wani nau'i na tallafi na tallafi.[98] "Sakamakon taimakon kai ya kasance mai rauni", kuma adadin nau'ikan taimakon kai bai haifar da kimar kamewa ba. 45]:89-91 Duk da haka, hanyoyin taimakon kai don daina shan taba sun hada da: . Kungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai irin su Nicotine Anonymous, [99][100] ko albarkatun dakatarwa na gizo kamar Smokefree.gov, wanda ke ba da taimako iri-iri ciki har da kayan taimakon kai.[101] .WebMD: hanya ce ta samar da bayanan tushen yanar lafiya, kayan aikin sarrafa lafiya, da tallafi. 102 ===Ra'ayin biochemical=== Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ba masu shan sigari damar g a i n tasirin amfani da taba da kuma tasirin barinsa nan take. Yin amfani da hanyoyin mayar da martani na biochemical na iya ba da damar gano masu amfani da taba da tantancewa, kuma saka idanu a duk kokarin barin a iya kara kuzari don barin. [107][108] Shaida- hikima, an san kadan game da illolin yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen halittu don tantance hadarin mutum dangane da daina shan taba.[109] . Sa ido kan numfashin carbon monoxide (CO): carbon monoxide wani muhimmin sashi ne na hayakin sigari, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urar duba carbon monoxide don gano amfani da sigari na yanzu. Matsalolin carbon monoxide a cikin numfashi yana da alaka kai tsaye tare da hadin gwiwar CO a cikin jini, wanda aka sani da kashi carboxyhemoglobin. Kimar nuna hadin jini CO ga mai shan taba ta hanyar samfurin numfashi mara lalacewa shine yana danganta al'adar shan taba tare da cutarwar jiki da ke hade da shan taba. [110] . Cotinine: Cotinine, metabolite na nicotine, yana cikin masu shan taba. Kamar carbon monoxide, gwajin cotinine na iya zama abin dogara ga yanayin shan taba. [111] Ana iya gwada matakan Cotinine ta [[fitsari]], yau, jini, ko samfuran gashi. Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun gwajin cotinine shine cin zarafi na hanyoyin yin samfur. Duk da yake duka matakan suna ba da babban hankali da kayyadaddun kayyadaddun bayanai, sun bambanta ta hanyar amfani da farashi. Misali, sa ido kan numfashin CO ba mai cutarwa bane, yayin da gwajin cotinine ya dogara da ruwan jiki. Misali, wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu ana iya amfani da su kadai ko tare yayin da tabbatar da kauracewa yana bukatar karin tabbaci 112. ===Gasa da abubuwan kara kuzari=== Kimar kudi ko kayan aiki don jawo hankalin mutane su daina shan taba yana inganta daina shan taba yayin da dalili ke nan.[113] Gasar da ke bukatar mahalarta su saka kudin kansu, "yin yin fare" cewa za su vi nasara wajen daina shan taba, ya zama abin karfafawa. [113] Duk da haka, yana da wuya a dauki mahalarta don irin wannan gasa a cikin kwatancen kai-da-kai tare da wasu samfura masu karfafawa, kamar ba wa mahalarta NRT ko sanya su cikin tsarin lada na yau da kullun.[114] Shaidu sun nuna cewa shirye-shiryen karfafawa na iya yin tasiri ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba.[113] Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai karancin adadin karatu kan "sake da nasara" da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi gasa da sakamakon binciken da ake da su ba su cika ba. [115] ==Yawan jama'a na musamman== ===Yara da matasa=== Hanyoyin amfani da yara da matasa sun hada da: .Habaka habakawa[151] . Taimakon ilimin halin dan adam [151] . Ayyukan hana shan taba sigari na matasa, kamar sa hannu a wasanni . Manhajojin makaranta, kamar horar da dabarun rayuwa . Zaman shawarwarin ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta|152 . Rage isa ga taba . Kafofin watsa labarai na anti-taba, Sadarwar iyali. ===Mata masu ciki=== Shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da illa ga lafiyar mace da tayin. Jagoran Amurka na 2008 ya kaddara cewa "matsalolin zamantakewar mutum-da- mutum" (yawanci ciki har da "shawara mai zurfi") ya karu yawan kaurace wa mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba zuwa 13.3%, idan aka kwatanta da 7.6% a cikin kulawa na yau da kullum. [45]: 165-167 Uwayen da ke shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki suna da halin haihu da wuri. Yawancin jariran su ba su da habaka, suna da kananan sassan jiki, kuma suna da nauyi fiye da matsakaicin nauyin jariri. Bugu da kari, wadannan jariran suna da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa kamar kumburin kunne na tsakiya da mashako mai asthmatic, da kuma yanayin rayuwa kamar ciwon sukari da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], duk suna iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa. [156]. Bugu da kari, wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amirka ta buga ya nuna cewa shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki yana kara yiwuwar mutuwar jarirai ba zato ba tsammani ((SUID) ko (SIDS)). [157]. Hakanan akwai karin damar cewa yaron zai kasance mai shan taba a lokacin girma. Wani bita da aka yi na tsari ya nuna cewa ayyukan zamantakewar zamantakewa suna taimaka wa mata su daina shan taba a karshen ciki kuma yana iya rage hadarin jarirai marasa nauyi. Tatsuniya ce cewa mace mai shan taba na iya cutar da tayin ta hanyar daina gaggawa da gano tana da ciki. Wannan ra'ayin ba ya dogara ne akan wani binciken likita ko gaskiya ba. [159] ===Masu shan taba a asibiti=== Masu shan taba da aka kwantar da su a asibiti na iya zama dalili na musamman don barin. Binciken Cochrane na 2012 ya gano cewa ayyukan da suka fara a lokacin zaman asibiti da ci gaba da wata daya ko fiye bayan fitarwa suna da tasiri wajen haifar da kauracewa. 165. Marasa lafiya da ke yin zaben tiyata na iya samun fa'idodin hanyoyin hana shan sigari kafin a fara aiki, lokacin farawa 4-8 makonni kafin tiyata tare da sa baki na mako-mako don tallafin dabi'a da amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine. [166] An samo shi don rage rikice-rikice da yawan cututtuka bayan tiyata. [166]. ===Rashin hankali=== Mutanen da ke da matsalar vanayi ko rashin kulawa da rashin hankali suna da damar da za su fara shan taba da kuma karancin damar daina shan taba. [167] An kuma ga alaka mafi girma da shan taba a cikin mutanen da aka gano suna da babbar cuta ta damuwa a kowane lokaci a tsawon rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba tare da shi ba. Adadin nasarar da aka samu wajen barin shan taba ya yi kasa sosai ga wadanda ke da babbar matsalar rashin damuwa da mutanen da ba tare da an gano cutar ba. [168] Fitar da hayakin sigari tun farkon rayuwa, lokacin daukar ciki, kuruciya, ko samartaka, na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban daidaikun yara kuma yana kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan damuwa a nan gaba.[167] ===Rikicin amfani da abubuwa na lokaci guda=== Sama da kashi uku bisa hudu na mutanen da ake jinyar amfani da kayan maye suna shan taba a halin yanzu.173] Bayar da shawarwari da magunguna (maganin maye gurbin nicotine kamar faci ko danko, varenicline, da/ko bupropion) yana kara kauracewa taba ba tare da kara hadarin komawa ga sauran abubuwan amfani ba. 174 ==Kwatanta kimar nasara== Kwatankwacin adadin nasara a cikin tsangwama na iya zama da wahala saboda ma'anoni daban-daban na "nasara" a cikin nazarin. [165] Robert West da Saul Shiffman, hukumomi a wanna fanni da ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya na gwamnati suka amince da su a cikin kasashe da yawa, [164]:73, 76, 80 sun kammala cewa, amfani da su tare, "tallafin halayya" da "maganin magani" na iya rubanya damar da za a samu. yunkurin barin aiki zai yi nasara. Wani bita na tsari na 2008 a cikin Jarida ta Turai na Rigakafin Ciwon daji ya gano cewa tsarin halayyar rukuni shine mafi kyawun dabarun shiga tsakani don dakatar da shan taba, sannan bupropion, shawarar likita mai zurfi, maganin maye gurbin nicotine, shawarwarin mutum, shawarwarin tarho, toma baki, da kuma dacewa da kai. -matsalolin taimako; binciken bai tattauna batun varenicline ba. ==Abubuwan da ke shafar nasara== Kashewa na iya zama da wahala ga mutanen da ke da fata mai launin duhu fiye da masu launin fata tun da nicotine yana da alaka ga kyallen da ke dauke da melanin. Bincike ya nuna hakan na iya haifar da al'amarin karuwar dogaro da nicotine da rage yawan daina shan taba a cikin mutane masu launin duhu.(177 Akwai muhimmin bangaren zamantakewa ga shan taba. Yaduwar daina shan taba daga mutum zuwa mutumyana taimakawa wajen raguwar shan taba a wadannan shekaru[178]. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2008 a cibiyar sadarwar da ke da alaka da mutane sama da 12,000 ya gano cewa daina shan taba ta kowane mutum da aka ba shi ya rage damar w a s da ke kewaye da su haskaka ta da adadin masu zuwa: mata da kashi 67%, dan'uwa ta kashi 25%, aboki da 36. %, da abokin aiki da 34%. [178] Duk da haka, wani bita na Cochrane ya kaddara cewa soma baki don kara goyon bayan zamantakewa don yunkurin daina shan taba bai inganta kimar daina dogon lokaci ba. [179] Masu shan taba da ke kokarin daina shan taba suna fuskantar tasirin zamantakewa wanda zai iya riniayar su su bi su ci gaba da shan taba. Sha'awa yana da saukin tsarewa lokacin da yanayin mutum bai haifar da al'ada ba. Ace mutumin da ya daina shan taba yana da kusanci da masu shan taba. Awannan yanayin, sau da yawa ana saka su cikin yanayin da ke sa sha'awar bin ka'idodin da ke da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, a cikin karamin rukuni tare da akalla daya ba shan taba ba, yuwuwar daidaituwa ta ragu. Zagayewar kai yana faruwa lokacin da mutum ya ji dadin shan taba duk da haka yana shan taba don rage jin dadi. Wargaza wannan zagayowar na iya zama mabudin wajen canza dabi'ar zagon kasa181]. Masu shan tabar da ke da babbar matsalar damuwa na iya zama kasa da nasara wajen daina shan sigari fiye da masu shan sigari wadanda ba su da damuwa. (45]:81 [182] Komawa (ci gaba da shan taba bayan dainawa) yana da alaka da lamuran tunani kamar karancin karfin kai, [183] [184] ko mafi kyawun amsawa; [186 = Illoli= ===Alamun janyewa=== CDC ta gane alamun janyewar nicotine guda bakwai da mutane sukan fuskanta lokacin da suke daina shan taba: "sha'awar shan taba, jin haushi, jin haushi, ko bacin rai, jin tsalle da rashin natsuwa, samun wahalar mai da hankali, samun matsala barci, jin yunwa ko samun nauyi, ko jin damuwa, bakin ciki ko damuwa."[189] Bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da magunguna, irin su varenicline [190] [191] na iva zama da amfani wajen rage alamun janyewar yayin aikin dainawa. ===Girman nauyi=== Yin watsi da shan taba yana da alaka da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 4-5 (8.8-11.0 lb) bayan watanni 12, yawancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na barin. [192]. ===Lafiyar tunani=== Kamar sauran magunguna na jiki, jarabar nicotine yana hafar da kayyadaddun ka'idodin samar da dopamine da sauran masu habaka neurotransmitters yayin da kwakwalwa ke kokarin rama abin habakar dan adam da shan taba ke haifarwa. Wasu bincike daga 1990s sun gano cewa lokacin da mutane suka daina shan taba, alamun damuwa irin su halin kashe kansa ko ainihin bacin rai na iya haifar da, [182] [200] ko da yake wani binciken da aka yi a duniya kwanan nan yana kwatanta masu shan taba da suka daina tsawon watanni 3 tare da masu ci gaba da shan taba sun gano cewa dakatar da shan taba. bai bayyana yana kara damuwa ko damuwa ba. [201] Wani bita na 2021 ya gano cewa barin shan taba yana rage damuwa da damuwa. ==Manazarta== g9s70s2debtvuarrbtkcl6rwlgdamax 887988 887987 2026-07-27T07:44:55Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Papierosa 1 ubt 0069.jpeg|thumb|sigari]] '''Kashe shan taba''', yawanci ana kiransa '''daina shan taba''' ko '''daina shan taba''', shi ne tsarin daina [[shan taba]] . Shan taba yana dauke da nicotine, wanda ke [[Addiction|da haɗari]] kuma yana iya haifar da dogaro .<ref>https://lccn.loc.gov/00244999</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220525083936/https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024422/https://www.nhs.uk/better-health/quit-smoking/</ref> A sakamakon haka, cirewar nicotine sau da yawa yana sa tsarin barin ke da wahala. [[Fayil:L&M Finely Cut cigarettes 02.jpg|thumb|sigari Wanda aka kashe]] A cewar CDC, Kimanin mutane miliyan 8 ne ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da sigari a kowace shekara, wanda ke haifar da wani nauyi na tattalin arziki na dala tiriliyan 1.4 a ma'aunin duniya a kowace shekara<ref>https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/index.htm</ref>. Shan taba sigari shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa da ake iya hanawa da kuma damuwar lafiyar jama'a a duniya.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207276270</ref>Yin amfani da taba yana haifar da mafi yawan cututtuka da ke shafar zuciya da huhu, tare da shan taba yana zama babban haɗari ga [[ciwon zuciya]],[[bugun jini]], [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtuka na huhu na huhu]] (COPD), Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), emphysema, da nau'i daban-daban da nau'in [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] (musamman [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|ciwon huhu na huhu]], ciwon daji na oropharynx, larynx, da [[Ciwon Daji Na Baka|baki]], ciwon daji na esophageal da [[Ciwon Daji na Pancreatic|pancreatic cancer]] ). Rashin shan taba yana da matukar muhimmanci yana rage haɗarin mutuwa daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da shan taba. Hadarin bugun zuciya a cikin mai shan taba yana raguwa da 50% bayan shekara 1 na dainawa. Haka zalika hadrine galftn cutar kansar huhu yana raguwa da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a cikin shekaru 10 na dainawa Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2010, kusan kashi 70% na masu shan taba a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] sun nuna sha'awar daina shan taba, kuma 50% sun ruwaito cewa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin hakan a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Ana iya amfani da dabaru da yawa don dakatar da shan taba, gami da dainawa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da taimako ba (" Turkey mai sanyi "), yankewa sannan barin, shawarwarin ɗabi'a, da magunguna kamar bupropion, cytisine, maye gurbin nicotine, ko varenicline. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a [[Kanada]] da [[Birtaniya]], yawancin masu shan taba sun canza zuwa amfani da sigari na lantarki don daina shan taba. Koyaya, binciken shekarar 2022 ya gano cewa kashi 20% na masu shan sigari waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin amfani da sigari e-cigare don daina shan taba sun yi nasara amma 66% daga cikinsu sun ƙare a matsayin masu amfani da sigari da samfuran vape guda ɗaya shekara guda. Yawancin masu shan taba da suke ƙoƙarin dainawa suna yin hakan ba tare da taimako ba. Koyaya, kawai 3-6% na yunƙurin barin ƙoƙarin ba tare da taimako ba suna samun nasara na dogon lokaci. Shawarwari na dabi'a da magunguna kowanne yana ƙara yawan nasarar barin shan taba, da kuma haɗuwa da shawarwarin hali tare da magani irin su bupropion ya fi tasiri fiye da ko dai shi kadai. A meta-bincike daga shekarar 2018, gudanar a kan 61 bazuwar gwajin gwaji, ya nuna cewa a cikin mutanen da suka daina shan taba tare da wani daina magani (da kuma wani hali taimako), kamar 20% har yanzu wadanda ba shan taba a shekara daga baya, idan aka kwatanta da 12% wanda ba su daina shan taba. shan magani.[23] ==Hanyoyin daina shan taba== ===Yi da kai=== Yakan ɗauki yunƙuri da yawa, da yuwuwar yin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kowane lokaci, kafin cimma dogon lokaci. Fiye da kashi 74.7% na masu shan sigari suna ƙoƙarin dainawa ba tare da wani taimako ba,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Caraballo RS, Shafer PR, Patel D, Davis KC, McAfee TA | title=Quit Methods Used by US Adult Cigarette Smokers, 2014-2016 | journal=Preventing Chronic Disease | volume=14 | pages=E32 | date=April 2017 | pmid=28409740 | pmc=5392446 | doi=10.5888/pcd14.160600 }}</ref> in ba haka ba da aka sani da "turkey mai sanyi", ko tare da magungunan gida. Masu shan taba a baya sun yi tsakanin kiyasin ƙoƙari 6 zuwa 30 kafin su yi nasarar dainawa. Gano wace hanya ko dabara a ƙarshe mafi nasara yana da wahala; an yi ƙiyasin, alal misali, kusan kashi 4 zuwa 7% na mutane ne kawai ke iya daina shan taba a kowane yunƙuri ba tare da magunguna ko wasu taimako ba. Yawancin yunƙurin barin har yanzu ba a taimaka musu ba, ko da yake yanayin yana canzawa. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, adadin barin ba tare da taimako ya faɗi daga 91.8% a 1986 zuwa 52.1% a lokacin Shekara ta 2006 zuwa 2009. Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ba a taimaka ba sune "Turki mai sanyi", kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don nufin ko dai ba tare da taimako ba ko daina ba da gangan da kuma "raguwar adadin" sigari a hankali, ko "raguwar sigari".<ref name="nicotine dependence">{{cite journal | vauthors=Mooney ME, Johnson EO, Breslau N, Bierut LJ, Hatsukami DK | title=Cigarette smoking reduction and changes in nicotine dependence | journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research | volume=13 | issue=6 | pages=426–430 | date=June 2011 | pmid=21367813 | pmc=3103717 | doi=10.1093/ntr/ntr019 | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] on behalf of the [[Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco]] | lccn=00244999 | s2cid=29891495 | editor-link=Marcus Munafo | veditors=Munafò M }}</ref> ===Cold turkey=== "Cold turkey" kalma ce ta magana da ke nuna janyewar ba zato ba tsammani daga magungunan jaraba. A cikin wannan mahallin, yana nuna ba zato ba tsammani da cikakken daina amfani da nicotine. A cikin binciken uku, ita ce hanyar dakatar da 76%, [27] 85%, [28] ko 88% <ref name="Chapman-MacKenzie">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chapman S, MacKenzie R |title=The global research neglect of unassisted smoking cessation: causes and consequences |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e1000216 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20161722 |pmc=2817714 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000216 |doi-access=free }}</ref> na dogon lokaci masu nasara sun daina. da wuya" tsayawa, 27% sun ce "yana da matukar wahala", sauran kashi 20% kuma sun ga yana da matukar wahala.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hung WT, Dunlop SM, Perez D, Cotter T |title=Use and perceived helpfulness of smoking cessation methods: results from a population survey of recent quitters |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=11 |page=592 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21791111 |pmc=3160379 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-11-592 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Yanke ƙasa don barin=== Ragewar hankali ya kunshi sannu a hankali rage yawan shan nicotine a kullum. Ana iya cimma wannan hanyar bisa ka'ida ta hanyar maimaita canje-canje ga sigari tare da kananan matakan nicotine, ta hanyar rage yawan sigari da ake sha kullum, ko kuma ta hanyar shan sigari kadan a kowane lokaci. Wani bita na tsari na shekara ta 2009 da masu bincike a Jami'ar [[Birmingham]] suka yi sun gano cewa maye gurbin nicotine a hankali zai iya yin tasiri wajen daina shan taba. Babu wani gagarumin bambanci a farashin daina shan sigari da suka daina ta hanyar ragewa a hankali ko dainawa ba zato ba tsammani kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar kauracewa shan taba na akalla watanni shida daga ranar dainawa. Wannan bita ya kuma duba taimakon magunguna guda biyar don ragewa. Lokacin rage yawan shan taba sigari, ya sami w a s shaidun cewa karin varenicline ko saurin maye gurbin nicotine na iya tasiri ga barin barin tsawon watanni shida ko fiye.<ref name="LindsonKlemperer2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindson N, Klemperer E, Hong B, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Aveyard P |date=September 2019 |title=Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2019 |issue=9 |pages=CD013183 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013183.pub2 |pmc=6953262 |pmid=31565800}}</ref> ===Magunguna=== [[File:Nicoderm.JPG|thumb|A 21mg dose [[nicotine patch]] applied to the left arm]] Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka ta lura cewa "Nazari a cikin mujallolin likita sun ruwaito cewa kimanin kashi 25% a masu shan taba da ke amfani da magunguna na iya zama marasa shan taba fiye da watanni 6."<ref name=ACS-guide>{{cite web |title= Guide to quitting smoking. What do I need to know about quitting |url= http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf |publisher= American Cancer Society |year= 2014 |access-date= 2017-01-08 |archive-date= 2016-06-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160609085602/http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf }}</ref> Magunguna guda daya sun hada da: . Maganin maye gurbin nicotine (NRT): Magunguna biyar ne Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su don isar da nicotine a cikin wani nau'i wanda ba ya hada da hadarin shan taba: facin nicotine transdermal, danko nicotine, lozenges nicotine, masu shaƙar nicotine, nicotine feshin baki, da nicotine na hanci. Shaidu masu inganci sun nuna cewa wadannan nau'ikan NRT suna habaka kimar nasarar mutanen da suke kokarin daina shan taba. Ana nufin amfani da NRTs a dan gajeren lokaci kuma yakamata a sanya su kasa zuwa karamin adadin kafin tsayawa. NRTs suna kara damar daina shan taba da kashi 50 zuwa 60% idan aka kwatanta da placebo ko kuma babu magani.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T | title=Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation | journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume=5 | issue=5 | pages=CD000146 | date=May 2018 | pmid=29852054 | pmc=6353172 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5 }}</ref> Wasu illolin da aka ruwaito sun hada da dan haushi na gida (masu shakar shaka da feshi) da ciwon kirji marasa ischemic (rare).<ref name="www.canada.ca-2022">{{cite journal | vauthors=Zhou HX | title=The debut of PMC Biophysics | journal=PMC Biophysics | volume=1 | issue=1 | page=1 | date=November 2008 | pmid=19351423 | pmc=2605105 | doi=10.1186/1757-5036-1-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Henningfield JE, Fant RV, Buchhalter AR, Stitzer ML | title=Pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence | journal=CA | volume=55 | issue=5 | pages=281–99; quiz 322–3, 325 | date=2005 | pmid=16166074 | doi=10.3322/canjclin.55.5.281 | s2cid=25668093 | doi-access=free }}</ref> . Antidepressants: An yi la'akari da bupropion antidepressant a matsayin magani na farko don dakatar da shan taba kuma an nuna h i a yawancin binciken don kara yawan nasara na dogon lokaci. Ko da yake bupropion yana karuwa da hadarin samun abubuwan da ba su da kyau, babu wata huia bayyananne cewa miyagun kwayoyi yana da tasiri ko Zasa idan aka kwatanta da placebo. . Varenicline yana rage sha'awar shan taba kuma yana rage alamun cirewa don haka ana daukarsa magani na farko don daina shan taba.[41] Yawan mutanen da ke daina shan taba tare da varenicline ya fi na bupropion ko NRT. [42] Varenicline fiye da ninki biyu damar barin barin idan aka kwatanta da placebo, kuma yana da tasiri kamar hada nau'ikan NRT guda biyu. 2 MG / rana na varenicline an samo shi don hafar da mafi girman yawan abstinence (33.2%) na kowane magani guda daya, yayin da 1MG / rana yana haifar da kimar abstinence na 25.4%. Wani bita na tsarin 2016 da meta-bincike a gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar ya kare babu wata shaida da ke goyan bayan alaka tsakanin varenicline da habaka abubuwan cututtukan zuciya. . Clonidine na iya rage alamun janyewar kuma "kusan ninki biyu na abstinence rates idan aka kwatanta da placebo," amma illarsa sun hada da bushe baki da kwantar da hankali, kuma dakatar da maganin ba zato ba tsammani zai iya haifar da hawan jini da sauran illoli. [45] 46]. . Babu wata shaida mai kyau cewa anxiolytics suna taimakawa. 47] . Abaya can, rimonabant, wanda shine nav'in antagonist na cannabinoid mai karba, an yi amfani dashi don taimakawa wajen barinwa da kuma daidaita nauyin da ake sa ran. [48]. Amma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa masana'antun rimonabant da taranabant sun daina samarwa a cikin 2008 saboda mummunan tasirin CNS. ===Shirye-shiryen al'umma=== Harkokin al'umma ta amfani da "tashoshi da yawa don samar da karfafawa, tallafi da ka'idoii don rashin shan taba" na iya yin tasiri akan sakamakon dakatar da shan taba a tsakanin manya. [49] Hanyoyi na musamman da ake amfani da su a cikin al'umma don karfafa daina shan taba a tsakanin manya sun hada da: . Manufofin yin wuraren aiki [27] da wuraren jama'a marasa shan taba. An kiyasta cewa "cikakkiyar dokokin cikin gida mai tsabta" na iva kara yawan adadin daina shan taba da kashi 12%-38%[50] A cikin 2008, Jihar New York a Alcoholism da Ayyukan Abuse Abuse sun haramta shan taba ta marasa lafiya, ma'aikata, da masu sa kai a cibiyoyin jiyya na 1,300.[51] . Dokokin son rai na sa gidaje su zama marasa shan taba, wadanda ake tunanin suna habaka daina shan taba. [27][52] .Kaddamarwa don ilimantar da jama'a game da illolin kiwon lafiya na shan taba, [53] ciki har da manyan hatsarori na kutsawa cikin hayaki na hannu ga mazauna gidaje masu yawan jama'a. [54] .Kara farashin kayayyakin taba, misali ta hanyar haraji. HUKUNCIN CIGABA DA AlKATAWA "Huija mai mahimmanci" cewa wannan yana da tasiri a cikin karuwar sigari [55]: 28-30 an kiyasta cewa karuwa ta CIGABA DAGA 3-5 %.[50] .Kamfen watsa labarai. Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa idan aka hada su tare da wasu nau''in shiga tsakani, kamfen din watsa labarai na iya zama da fa'ida.[55]: 30-32[56.'' .Shaidu masu rauni sun nuna cewa sanya dokar hana shan taba a asibitoci da gidajen yari na iya rage yawan shan taba da shan taba.[57] ===Magungunan masana=== Shirye-shiryen da masana magunguna ke jagoranta sun tabbatar da yin tasiri wajen taimakawa yunkurin daina shan taba. Yawancin sake dubawa na tsari sun kalli mahimmancin shigar da magunguna. A kasar Malesiya, bincikensu ya yi nazari kan yadda masu yin harhada magunguna a cikin kula da lafiyar marasa lafiya gaba daya ya nuna ci gaba wajen tantance farkon cutar. [58] Wannan ya ba da izinin magani na farko yana farawa a cikin COPD mai haifar da shan taba. Bugu da kari, masu harhada magunguna a Malaysia na iya rubuta samfuran NRT, kuma lokacin da suka jagoranci sabis na daina shan taba, ya fi nasara fiye da sauran gwaje-gwajen daina shan taba a Malaysia. [58] An kuma nuna cewa masu ba da magunguna da samfuran NRT sun fi tasiri wajen daina shan taba fiye da amfani da NRT kadai. Acikin ayyukan dakatar da shan sigari da masu siyar da magunguna ke jagoranta a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], binciken ya gano fa'idodin kididdiga da fa'idodi na asibiti suna fifita sa hannun masu harhada magunguna. [59] Sun gano cewa tsarin kulawa, da ziyarar yau da kullun, samun saukin isa ga masu harhada magunguna sun taimaka wa mutane da yawa wadanda ke kokarin barin aiki fize da ba tare da. Duk da haka, binciken ya kammala cewa ya kamata a yi karin bincike a yankin yayin da suka gano wani hadarin da ba a sani ba a cikin binciken da aka hada[59]. ===Hanyoyi na zamantakewa=== The Great American Smokeout taron ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke gayyatar masu shan sigari su daina na kwana daya, da fatan za su iya tsawaita wannan har abada. . Ranar 31 ga watan Mayun kowace shekara ce hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta ware ranar yaki da shan taba sigari. . Sau da yawa ana ba da tallafin dakatar da shan taba ta hanyar dakatar da wayar tarho|72][73] (misali, lambar kyauta ta Amurka 1-800-QUIT-NOW), ko kuma cikin mutum. Nazari guda uku na meta-bincike sun kammala cewa tallafin dakatar da tarho yana da tasiri idan aka kwatanta da karamin ko babu shawarwari ko taimakon kai da kuma cewa dakatarwar tarho tare da magani ya fi inganci fiye da magani kadai, [45]: 91-92[55]:40-42 kuma wannan nasiha mai zurfi na mutum ya fi tasiri fiye da takaitaccen shawarwari na sirri. 7 4 ] . Kungiyar 'Yanci Daga Shan Sigari ta ƙunshi zama takwas kuma tana fasalta tsarin mataki-mataki don barin shan taba. An tsara kowane zama don taimakawa masu shan taba su sami iko akan halayensu. Tsarin asibitin yana karfafa mahalarta suyi aiki a kan tsari da matsalolin barin duka biyu da kuma a matsayin bangare na kungiya.84] . Yawancin nau'd'in t s o m a baki na psychosocial suna habaka kimar barin aiki: 10.8% ba tare da soma baki ba, 15.1% don tsari daya, 18.5% don tsari 2, da 23.2% don tsari uku ko hudu.45: 91 .An yi amfani da tsarin juzu'i, gami da "matakan canji", wajen daidaita hanyoyin dakatar da shan taba ga daidaikun mutane, [85][86](87][88] duk da haka, akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa "taimakon kai na tushen mataki. shisshigi (tsarin kwararru da/ko kayan da aka kebance) da nasha na daidaikun ba su da karfi ko kasa da tasiri fiye da wadanda ba su da tushe."[89]. ===Yadda ake saita ranar bari=== Yawancin albarkatun daina shan taba irin su Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) [90] da kuma Mayo Clinic 9 1 suna karfafa masu shan taba don kirkirar shirin barin, ciki har da saita ranar dainawa, wanda ke taimaka musu tsammani da tsara kalubalen shan taba. Tsarin dainawa zai iya inganta damar mai shan taba na samun nasarar barinsa9 2 [93][94] kamar yadda zai iya saita Litinin, a matsayin ranar dainawa, g a i n cewa bincike ya nuna cewa Litinin fiye da kowace rana ita ce lokacin da masu shan taba ke neman bayanai akan layi. daina shan taba9 5 da kuma kiran da a daina shan taba96]. A [[Nepal]], masu shan taba ba sa son kai, an fara kamfen na lafiya na makonni biyu a ranar Valentine da Vasant panchami don zaburar da mutane su daina shan taba a matsayin sadaukarwa ga kaunatattunsu da yanke shawara mai ma'ana ta rayuwa. Wanna yakin yana daukar hankalin jama'a. [97] ===Taimakon kai=== Kayayyakin taimakon kai na iya haifar da karamar habakar kima musamman lokacin da babu wani nau'i na tallafi na tallafi.[98] "Sakamakon taimakon kai ya kasance mai rauni", kuma adadin nau'ikan taimakon kai bai haifar da kimar kamewa ba. 45]:89-91 Duk da haka, hanyoyin taimakon kai don daina shan taba sun hada da: . Kungiyoyin taimakon kai-da-kai irin su Nicotine Anonymous, [99][100] ko albarkatun dakatarwa na gizo kamar Smokefree.gov, wanda ke ba da taimako iri-iri ciki har da kayan taimakon kai.[101] .WebMD: hanya ce ta samar da bayanan tushen yanar lafiya, kayan aikin sarrafa lafiya, da tallafi. 102 ===Ra'ayin biochemical=== Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ba masu shan sigari damar g a i n tasirin amfani da taba da kuma tasirin barinsa nan take. Yin amfani da hanyoyin mayar da martani na biochemical na iya ba da damar gano masu amfani da taba da tantancewa, kuma saka idanu a duk kokarin barin a iya kara kuzari don barin. [107][108] Shaida- hikima, an san kadan game da illolin yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen halittu don tantance hadarin mutum dangane da daina shan taba.[109] . Sa ido kan numfashin carbon monoxide (CO): carbon monoxide wani muhimmin sashi ne na hayakin sigari, kuma ana iya amfani da na'urar duba carbon monoxide don gano amfani da sigari na yanzu. Matsalolin carbon monoxide a cikin numfashi yana da alaka kai tsaye tare da hadin gwiwar CO a cikin jini, wanda aka sani da kashi carboxyhemoglobin. Kimar nuna hadin jini CO ga mai shan taba ta hanyar samfurin numfashi mara lalacewa shine yana danganta al'adar shan taba tare da cutarwar jiki da ke hade da shan taba. [110] . Cotinine: Cotinine, metabolite na nicotine, yana cikin masu shan taba. Kamar carbon monoxide, gwajin cotinine na iya zama abin dogara ga yanayin shan taba. [111] Ana iya gwada matakan Cotinine ta [[fitsari]], yau, jini, ko samfuran gashi. Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke damun gwajin cotinine shine cin zarafi na hanyoyin yin samfur. Duk da yake duka matakan suna ba da babban hankali da kayyadaddun kayyadaddun bayanai, sun bambanta ta hanyar amfani da farashi. Misali, sa ido kan numfashin CO ba mai cutarwa bane, yayin da gwajin cotinine ya dogara da ruwan jiki. Misali, wadannan hanyoyin guda biyu ana iya amfani da su kadai ko tare yayin da tabbatar da kauracewa yana bukatar karin tabbaci 112. ===Gasa da abubuwan kara kuzari=== Kimar kudi ko kayan aiki don jawo hankalin mutane su daina shan taba yana inganta daina shan taba yayin da dalili ke nan.[113] Gasar da ke bukatar mahalarta su saka kudin kansu, "yin yin fare" cewa za su vi nasara wajen daina shan taba, ya zama abin karfafawa. [113] Duk da haka, yana da wuya a dauki mahalarta don irin wannan gasa a cikin kwatancen kai-da-kai tare da wasu samfura masu karfafawa, kamar ba wa mahalarta NRT ko sanya su cikin tsarin lada na yau da kullun.[114] Shaidu sun nuna cewa shirye-shiryen karfafawa na iya yin tasiri ga iyaye mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba.[113] Tun daga shekarar 2019, akwai karancin adadin karatu kan "sake da nasara" da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi gasa da sakamakon binciken da ake da su ba su cika ba. [115] ==Yawan jama'a na musamman== ===Yara da matasa=== Hanyoyin amfani da yara da matasa sun hada da: .Habaka habakawa[151] . Taimakon ilimin halin dan adam [151] . Ayyukan hana shan taba sigari na matasa, kamar sa hannu a wasanni . Manhajojin makaranta, kamar horar da dabarun rayuwa . Zaman shawarwarin ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta|152 . Rage isa ga taba . Kafofin watsa labarai na anti-taba, Sadarwar iyali. ===Mata masu ciki=== Shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da illa ga lafiyar mace da tayin. Jagoran Amurka na 2008 ya kaddara cewa "matsalolin zamantakewar mutum-da- mutum" (yawanci ciki har da "shawara mai zurfi") ya karu yawan kaurace wa mata masu juna biyu masu shan taba zuwa 13.3%, idan aka kwatanta da 7.6% a cikin kulawa na yau da kullum. [45]: 165-167 Uwayen da ke shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki suna da halin haihu da wuri. Yawancin jariran su ba su da habaka, suna da kananan sassan jiki, kuma suna da nauyi fiye da matsakaicin nauyin jariri. Bugu da kari, wadannan jariran suna da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ke sa su zama masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa kamar kumburin kunne na tsakiya da mashako mai asthmatic, da kuma yanayin rayuwa kamar ciwon sukari da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], duk suna iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa. [156]. Bugu da kari, wani binciken da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Yara ta Amirka ta buga ya nuna cewa shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki yana kara yiwuwar mutuwar jarirai ba zato ba tsammani ((SUID) ko (SIDS)). [157]. Hakanan akwai karin damar cewa yaron zai kasance mai shan taba a lokacin girma. Wani bita da aka yi na tsari ya nuna cewa ayyukan zamantakewar zamantakewa suna taimaka wa mata su daina shan taba a karshen ciki kuma yana iya rage hadarin jarirai marasa nauyi. Tatsuniya ce cewa mace mai shan taba na iya cutar da tayin ta hanyar daina gaggawa da gano tana da ciki. Wannan ra'ayin ba ya dogara ne akan wani binciken likita ko gaskiya ba. [159] ===Masu shan taba a asibiti=== Masu shan taba da aka kwantar da su a asibiti na iya zama dalili na musamman don barin. Binciken Cochrane na 2012 ya gano cewa ayyukan da suka fara a lokacin zaman asibiti da ci gaba da wata daya ko fiye bayan fitarwa suna da tasiri wajen haifar da kauracewa. 165. Marasa lafiya da ke yin zaben tiyata na iya samun fa'idodin hanyoyin hana shan sigari kafin a fara aiki, lokacin farawa 4-8 makonni kafin tiyata tare da sa baki na mako-mako don tallafin dabi'a da amfani da maganin maye gurbin nicotine. [166] An samo shi don rage rikice-rikice da yawan cututtuka bayan tiyata. [166]. ===Rashin hankali=== Mutanen da ke da matsalar vanayi ko rashin kulawa da rashin hankali suna da damar da za su fara shan taba da kuma karancin damar daina shan taba. [167] An kuma ga alaka mafi girma da shan taba a cikin mutanen da aka gano suna da babbar cuta ta damuwa a kowane lokaci a tsawon rayuwarsu idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba tare da shi ba. Adadin nasarar da aka samu wajen barin shan taba ya yi kasa sosai ga wadanda ke da babbar matsalar rashin damuwa da mutanen da ba tare da an gano cutar ba. [168] Fitar da hayakin sigari tun farkon rayuwa, lokacin daukar ciki, kuruciya, ko samartaka, na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban daidaikun yara kuma yana kara hadarin kamuwa da cututtukan damuwa a nan gaba.[167] ===Rikicin amfani da abubuwa na lokaci guda=== Sama da kashi uku bisa hudu na mutanen da ake jinyar amfani da kayan maye suna shan taba a halin yanzu.173] Bayar da shawarwari da magunguna (maganin maye gurbin nicotine kamar faci ko danko, varenicline, da/ko bupropion) yana kara kauracewa taba ba tare da kara hadarin komawa ga sauran abubuwan amfani ba. 174 ==Kwatanta kimar nasara== Kwatankwacin adadin nasara a cikin tsangwama na iya zama da wahala saboda ma'anoni daban-daban na "nasara" a cikin nazarin. [165] Robert West da Saul Shiffman, hukumomi a wanna fanni da ma'aikatun kiwon lafiya na gwamnati suka amince da su a cikin kasashe da yawa, [164]:73, 76, 80 sun kammala cewa, amfani da su tare, "tallafin halayya" da "maganin magani" na iya rubanya damar da za a samu. yunkurin barin aiki zai yi nasara. Wani bita na tsari na 2008 a cikin Jarida ta Turai na Rigakafin Ciwon daji ya gano cewa tsarin halayyar rukuni shine mafi kyawun dabarun shiga tsakani don dakatar da shan taba, sannan bupropion, shawarar likita mai zurfi, maganin maye gurbin nicotine, shawarwarin mutum, shawarwarin tarho, toma baki, da kuma dacewa da kai. -matsalolin taimako; binciken bai tattauna batun varenicline ba. ==Abubuwan da ke shafar nasara== Kashewa na iya zama da wahala ga mutanen da ke da fata mai launin duhu fiye da masu launin fata tun da nicotine yana da alaka ga kyallen da ke dauke da melanin. Bincike ya nuna hakan na iya haifar da al'amarin karuwar dogaro da nicotine da rage yawan daina shan taba a cikin mutane masu launin duhu.(177 Akwai muhimmin bangaren zamantakewa ga shan taba. Yaduwar daina shan taba daga mutum zuwa mutumyana taimakawa wajen raguwar shan taba a wadannan shekaru[178]. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2008 a cibiyar sadarwar da ke da alaka da mutane sama da 12,000 ya gano cewa daina shan taba ta kowane mutum da aka ba shi ya rage damar w a s da ke kewaye da su haskaka ta da adadin masu zuwa: mata da kashi 67%, dan'uwa ta kashi 25%, aboki da 36. %, da abokin aiki da 34%. [178] Duk da haka, wani bita na Cochrane ya kaddara cewa soma baki don kara goyon bayan zamantakewa don yunkurin daina shan taba bai inganta kimar daina dogon lokaci ba. [179] Masu shan taba da ke kokarin daina shan taba suna fuskantar tasirin zamantakewa wanda zai iya riniayar su su bi su ci gaba da shan taba. Sha'awa yana da saukin tsarewa lokacin da yanayin mutum bai haifar da al'ada ba. Ace mutumin da ya daina shan taba yana da kusanci da masu shan taba. Awannan yanayin, sau da yawa ana saka su cikin yanayin da ke sa sha'awar bin ka'idodin da ke da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, a cikin karamin rukuni tare da akalla daya ba shan taba ba, yuwuwar daidaituwa ta ragu. Zagayewar kai yana faruwa lokacin da mutum ya ji dadin shan taba duk da haka yana shan taba don rage jin dadi. Wargaza wannan zagayowar na iya zama mabudin wajen canza dabi'ar zagon kasa181]. Masu shan tabar da ke da babbar matsalar damuwa na iya zama kasa da nasara wajen daina shan sigari fiye da masu shan sigari wadanda ba su da damuwa. (45]:81 [182] Komawa (ci gaba da shan taba bayan dainawa) yana da alaka da lamuran tunani kamar karancin karfin kai, [183] [184] ko mafi kyawun amsawa; [186 = Illoli= ===Alamun janyewa=== CDC ta gane alamun janyewar nicotine guda bakwai da mutane sukan fuskanta lokacin da suke daina shan taba: "sha'awar shan taba, jin haushi, jin haushi, ko bacin rai, jin tsalle da rashin natsuwa, samun wahalar mai da hankali, samun matsala barci, jin yunwa ko samun nauyi, ko jin damuwa, bakin ciki ko damuwa."[189] Bincike ya nuna cewa yin amfani da magunguna, irin su varenicline [190] [191] na iva zama da amfani wajen rage alamun janyewar yayin aikin dainawa. ===Girman nauyi=== Yin watsi da shan taba yana da alaka da matsakaicin nauyin kilo 4-5 (8.8-11.0 lb) bayan watanni 12, yawancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na barin. [192]. ===Lafiyar tunani=== Kamar sauran magunguna na jiki, jarabar nicotine yana hafar da kayyadaddun ka'idodin samar da dopamine da sauran masu habaka neurotransmitters yayin da kwakwalwa ke kokarin rama abin habakar dan adam da shan taba ke haifarwa. Wasu bincike daga 1990s sun gano cewa lokacin da mutane suka daina shan taba, alamun damuwa irin su halin kashe kansa ko ainihin bacin rai na iya haifar da, [182] [200] ko da yake wani binciken da aka yi a duniya kwanan nan yana kwatanta masu shan taba da suka daina tsawon watanni 3 tare da masu ci gaba da shan taba sun gano cewa dakatar da shan taba. bai bayyana yana kara damuwa ko damuwa ba. [201] Wani bita na 2021 ya gano cewa barin shan taba yana rage damuwa da damuwa. ==Manazarta== 6kr6ccdy3iuuuzahkmswnkvcnfzbaei 0 74850 888079 422308 2026-07-27T11:25:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 888079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Koby Maxwell''', (an haife shi 25 Nuwamba 1978, a matsayin '''Maxwell Koby Okwensy''' ) ya kasance mawaƙin [[Ghana]] ne, mawaƙi, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=Koby Maxwell acting|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/one-night-in-vegas-poised-to-raise-bar/|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref> kuma furodusa wanda a halin yanzu yake zaune a Washington, DC a Amurka. Ya ce manufarsa ita ce kiyaye sahihancin wakokin Afirka, tare da hada sautin wasu. A watan Yuni na 2010, ya zama mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai gudanarwa lokacin da ya ɗauki hayar kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Amurka don shirya fim ɗinsa na farko na [[Nollywood]] , mai suna ''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye in the Dark]]'' .<ref>{{cite web|last=Mightyafrican.blogspot.com|title=Question and Answer with Koby Maxwell|url=http://mightyafrican.blogspot.com/2010/11/q-about-african-movie-paparazzi-eye-in.html|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Blog Talk Radio|title=Koby Interview on Blogtalkradio @ 7:30 mark|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/gfem-radio/2010/09/09/music-showcase|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ghanashowbiz.com|title=Koby Maxwell Interview|url=http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191644/http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2016 ya fara shirya wani shiri a tashar talabijin ta Arewacin Amurka ABC2 mai suna ''Nollyhot TV'' wanda aka fara nunawa a ranar 6 ga Janairu na wannan shekarar. Nunin yana ɗaukar abubuwan da ke faruwa a masana'antar nishaɗi ta Najeriya ta Nollywood don masu sauraron Amurkawa. Nollyhot TV kuma ana watsa shi akan tashoshin talabijin na CW da DCW 50 a cikin Amurka. Koby Maxwell Productions tare da haɗin gwiwar Lafa Media & Zealmatic Pictures suma sun fito da wani fim na 2019 mai suna '''Ba daidai ba''' .<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=The Wrong One|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/nollywood-hollywood-koby-maxwell-2019-movie/|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref> == Iyali da farkon rayuwa == Koby Maxwell shine babba a cikin yara shida.  Tun lokacin da ya isa Amurka a shekara ta 2000, ya yi rawar gani a fitattun wurare kamar Cibiyar Kennedy da Gidan Waka ta Rediyo da ke birnin New York.  Ya raba matakin tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Nancy Wilson, Chaka Khan da Dionne Warwick.<ref>{{cite web|last=Theafricanstar.com |title=Koby Maxwell Interview |url=http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |accessdate=24 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012082502/http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |archivedate=12 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Museke.com|title=Koby Interview|url=http://www3.museke.com/en/node/6582|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420035202/http://www.museke.com/en/node/6582|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin watan Agusta 2006 ya yi tare da tauraron reggae Sean Paul, Barrington Levy, Sanchez, Ziggy da Stephen Marley, Bunny Wailer da Salif Keita a Reggae akan Kogin.  Maxwell ya kuma sami ƙarin karbuwa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Detroit na 21st na Duniya na Duniya. == Hotuna == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Album ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2004 | '''''Ku yabi Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="1" | 2005 | '''''Yawo tare da Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | '''''Ina sani''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | '''''Mataki zuwa Sama''''' | Mawaƙi | tare da Veda, DJ Tasouman |- | rowspan="1" | 2008 | '''''Dafatan Kunji Dadin Wakar Fim''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Desmond Elliot]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | '''''Sautin Sautin Fim na Rayuwa''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Idon Paparazzi a cikin Sautin Fim ɗin Duhu]]''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | '''''Yi Album''''' | Mawaƙi | |- |} == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye a cikin Dark]]''''' | Mr Maxx | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2013 | '''''[[One Night in Vegas|Daya Dare a Vegas]]''''' | Pat | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Jimmy Jean-Louis]], John Dumelo, Michael Blackson, Sarodj Bertin |- |} === Kyaututtuka === == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Koby Maxwell at IMDb * {{Official website|https://www.kobymaxwellproductions.com}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1975]] tjeessbgbxi23niyc44bace36gcjpvs 888080 888079 2026-07-27T11:27:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 888080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Koby Maxwell''', (an haife shi 25 Nuwamba 1978, a matsayin '''Maxwell Koby Okwensy''' ) ya kasance mawaƙin [[Ghana]] ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=Koby Maxwell acting|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/one-night-in-vegas-poised-to-raise-bar/|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref> kuma furodusa wanda a halin yanzu yake zaune a Washington, DC a Amurka. Ya ce manufarsa ita ce kiyaye sahihancin wakokin Afirka, tare da hada sautin wasu. A watan Yuni na 2010, ya zama mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai gudanarwa lokacin da ya ɗauki hayar kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Amurka don shirya fim ɗinsa na farko na [[Nollywood]] , mai suna ''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye in the Dark]]'' .<ref>{{cite web|last=Mightyafrican.blogspot.com|title=Question and Answer with Koby Maxwell|url=http://mightyafrican.blogspot.com/2010/11/q-about-african-movie-paparazzi-eye-in.html|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Blog Talk Radio|title=Koby Interview on Blogtalkradio @ 7:30 mark|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/gfem-radio/2010/09/09/music-showcase|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ghanashowbiz.com|title=Koby Maxwell Interview|url=http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191644/http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2016 ya fara shirya wani shiri a tashar talabijin ta Arewacin Amurka ABC2 mai suna ''Nollyhot TV'' wanda aka fara nunawa a ranar 6 ga Janairu na wannan shekarar. Nunin yana ɗaukar abubuwan da ke faruwa a masana'antar nishaɗi ta Najeriya ta Nollywood don masu sauraron Amurkawa. Nollyhot TV kuma ana watsa shi akan tashoshin talabijin na CW da DCW 50 a cikin Amurka. Koby Maxwell Productions tare da haɗin gwiwar Lafa Media & Zealmatic Pictures suma sun fito da wani fim na 2019 mai suna '''Ba daidai ba''' .<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=The Wrong One|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/nollywood-hollywood-koby-maxwell-2019-movie/|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref> == Iyali da farkon rayuwa == Koby Maxwell shine babba a cikin yara shida.  Tun lokacin da ya isa Amurka a shekara ta 2000, ya yi rawar gani a fitattun wurare kamar Cibiyar Kennedy da Gidan Waka ta Rediyo da ke birnin New York.  Ya raba matakin tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Nancy Wilson, Chaka Khan da Dionne Warwick.<ref>{{cite web|last=Theafricanstar.com |title=Koby Maxwell Interview |url=http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |accessdate=24 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012082502/http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |archivedate=12 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Museke.com|title=Koby Interview|url=http://www3.museke.com/en/node/6582|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420035202/http://www.museke.com/en/node/6582|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin watan Agusta 2006 ya yi tare da tauraron reggae Sean Paul, Barrington Levy, Sanchez, Ziggy da Stephen Marley, Bunny Wailer da Salif Keita a Reggae akan Kogin.  Maxwell ya kuma sami ƙarin karbuwa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Detroit na 21st na Duniya na Duniya. == Hotuna == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Album ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2004 | '''''Ku yabi Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="1" | 2005 | '''''Yawo tare da Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | '''''Ina sani''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | '''''Mataki zuwa Sama''''' | Mawaƙi | tare da Veda, DJ Tasouman |- | rowspan="1" | 2008 | '''''Dafatan Kunji Dadin Wakar Fim''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Desmond Elliot]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | '''''Sautin Sautin Fim na Rayuwa''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Idon Paparazzi a cikin Sautin Fim ɗin Duhu]]''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | '''''Yi Album''''' | Mawaƙi | |- |} == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye a cikin Dark]]''''' | Mr Maxx | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2013 | '''''[[One Night in Vegas|Daya Dare a Vegas]]''''' | Pat | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Jimmy Jean-Louis]], John Dumelo, Michael Blackson, Sarodj Bertin |- |} === Kyaututtuka === == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Koby Maxwell at IMDb * {{Official website|https://www.kobymaxwellproductions.com}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1975]] mas8zyqdhdoirz8elawn1qm7ssni1ve 888081 888080 2026-07-27T11:28:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 888081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Koby Maxwell''', (an haife shi 25 Nuwamba 1978, a matsayin '''Maxwell Koby Okwensy''' ) ya kasance mawaƙin [[Ghana]] ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=Koby Maxwell acting|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/one-night-in-vegas-poised-to-raise-bar/|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref> kuma furodusa wanda a halin yanzu yake zaune a Washington, DC a Amurka. Ya ce manufarsa ita ce kiyaye sahihancin wakokin Afirka, tare da hada sautin wasu. A watan Yuni na 2010, ya zama mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai gudanarwa lokacin da ya ɗauki hayar kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Amurka don shirya fim ɗinsa na farko na [[Nollywood]], mai suna ''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye in the Dark]]'' .<ref>{{cite web|last=Mightyafrican.blogspot.com|title=Question and Answer with Koby Maxwell|url=http://mightyafrican.blogspot.com/2010/11/q-about-african-movie-paparazzi-eye-in.html|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Blog Talk Radio|title=Koby Interview on Blogtalkradio @ 7:30 mark|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/gfem-radio/2010/09/09/music-showcase|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ghanashowbiz.com|title=Koby Maxwell Interview|url=http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191644/http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2016 ya fara shirya wani shiri a tashar talabijin ta Arewacin Amurka ABC2 mai suna ''Nollyhot TV'' wanda aka fara nunawa a ranar 6 ga Janairu na wannan shekarar. Nunin yana ɗaukar abubuwan da ke faruwa a masana'antar nishaɗi ta Najeriya ta Nollywood don masu sauraron Amurkawa. Nollyhot TV kuma ana watsa shi akan tashoshin talabijin na CW da DCW 50 a cikin Amurka. Koby Maxwell Productions tare da haɗin gwiwar Lafa Media & Zealmatic Pictures suma sun fito da wani fim na 2019 mai suna '''Ba daidai ba'''.<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=The Wrong One|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/nollywood-hollywood-koby-maxwell-2019-movie/|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref> == Iyali da farkon rayuwa == Koby Maxwell shine babba a cikin yara shida.  Tun lokacin da ya isa Amurka a shekara ta 2000, ya yi rawar gani a fitattun wurare kamar Cibiyar Kennedy da Gidan Waka ta Rediyo da ke birnin New York.  Ya raba matakin tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Nancy Wilson, Chaka Khan da Dionne Warwick.<ref>{{cite web|last=Theafricanstar.com |title=Koby Maxwell Interview |url=http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |accessdate=24 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012082502/http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |archivedate=12 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Museke.com|title=Koby Interview|url=http://www3.museke.com/en/node/6582|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420035202/http://www.museke.com/en/node/6582|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin watan Agusta 2006 ya yi tare da tauraron reggae Sean Paul, Barrington Levy, Sanchez, Ziggy da Stephen Marley, Bunny Wailer da Salif Keita a Reggae akan Kogin.  Maxwell ya kuma sami ƙarin karbuwa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Detroit na 21st na Duniya na Duniya. == Hotuna == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Album ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2004 | '''''Ku yabi Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="1" | 2005 | '''''Yawo tare da Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | '''''Ina sani''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | '''''Mataki zuwa Sama''''' | Mawaƙi | tare da Veda, DJ Tasouman |- | rowspan="1" | 2008 | '''''Dafatan Kunji Dadin Wakar Fim''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Desmond Elliot]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | '''''Sautin Sautin Fim na Rayuwa''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Idon Paparazzi a cikin Sautin Fim ɗin Duhu]]''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | '''''Yi Album''''' | Mawaƙi | |- |} == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye a cikin Dark]]''''' | Mr Maxx | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2013 | '''''[[One Night in Vegas|Daya Dare a Vegas]]''''' | Pat | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Jimmy Jean-Louis]], John Dumelo, Michael Blackson, Sarodj Bertin |- |} === Kyaututtuka === == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Koby Maxwell at IMDb * {{Official website|https://www.kobymaxwellproductions.com}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1975]] kc6p724r5rqwj3vcebagmwobwhcch6g 888082 888081 2026-07-27T11:29:04Z Pharouqenr 25549 888082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Koby Maxwell''', (an haife shi 25 Nuwamba 1978, a matsayin '''Maxwell Koby Okwensy''' ) ya kasance mawaƙin [[Ghana]] ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=Koby Maxwell acting|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/one-night-in-vegas-poised-to-raise-bar/|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref> kuma furodusa wanda a halin yanzu yake zaune a Washington, DC a Amurka. Ya ce manufarsa ita ce kiyaye sahihancin wakokin Afirka, tare da hada sautin wasu. A watan Yuni na 2010, ya zama mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai gudanarwa lokacin da ya ɗauki hayar kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Amurka don shirya fim ɗinsa na farko na [[Nollywood]], mai suna ''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye in the Dark]]'' .<ref>{{cite web|last=Mightyafrican.blogspot.com|title=Question and Answer with Koby Maxwell|url=http://mightyafrican.blogspot.com/2010/11/q-about-african-movie-paparazzi-eye-in.html|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Blog Talk Radio|title=Koby Interview on Blogtalkradio @ 7:30 mark|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/gfem-radio/2010/09/09/music-showcase|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ghanashowbiz.com|title=Koby Maxwell Interview|url=http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191644/http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2016 ya fara shirya wani shiri a tashar talabijin ta Arewacin Amurka ABC2 mai suna ''Nollyhot TV'' wanda aka fara nunawa a ranar 6 ga Janairu na wannan shekarar. Nunin yana ɗaukar abubuwan da ke faruwa a masana'antar nishaɗi ta Najeriya ta Nollywood don masu sauraron Amurkawa. Nollyhot TV kuma ana watsa shi akan tashoshin talabijin na CW da DCW 50 a cikin Amurka. Koby Maxwell Productions tare da haɗin gwiwar Lafa Media & Zealmatic Pictures suma sun fito da wani fim na 2019 mai suna '''Ba daidai ba'''.<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=The Wrong One|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/nollywood-hollywood-koby-maxwell-2019-movie/|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref> == Iyali da farkon rayuwa == Koby Maxwell shine babba a cikin yara shida.  Tun lokacin da ya isa Amurka a shekara ta 2000, ya yi rawar gani a fitattun wurare kamar Cibiyar Kennedy da Gidan Waka ta Rediyo da ke birnin New York.  Ya raba matakin tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Nancy Wilson, Chaka Khan da Dionne Warwick.<ref>{{cite web|last=Theafricanstar.com |title=Koby Maxwell Interview |url=http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |accessdate=24 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012082502/http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |archivedate=12 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Museke.com|title=Koby Interview|url=http://www3.museke.com/en/node/6582|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420035202/http://www.museke.com/en/node/6582|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin watan Agusta 2006 ya yi tare da tauraron reggae Sean Paul, Barrington Levy, Sanchez, Ziggy da Stephen Marley, Bunny Wailer da Salif Keita a Reggae akan Kogin.  Maxwell ya kuma sami ƙarin karbuwa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Detroit na 21st na Duniya na Duniya. == Hotuna == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Album ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2004 | '''''Ku yabi Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="1" | 2005 | '''''Yawo tare da Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | '''''Ina sani''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | '''''Mataki zuwa Sama''''' | Mawaƙi | tare da Veda, DJ Tasouman |- | rowspan="1" | 2008 | '''''Dafatan Kunji Dadin Wakar Fim''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Desmond Elliot]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | '''''Sautin Sautin Fim na Rayuwa''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Idon Paparazzi a cikin Sautin Fim ɗin Duhu]]''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | '''''Yi Album''''' | Mawaƙi | |- |} == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye a cikin Dark]]''''' | Mr Maxx | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2013 | '''''[[One Night in Vegas|Daya Dare a Vegas]]''''' | Pat | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Jimmy Jean-Louis]], John Dumelo, Michael Blackson, Sarodj Bertin |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Koby Maxwell at IMDb * {{Official website|https://www.kobymaxwellproductions.com}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1975]] gl8yih17ohrmrduswe02mjybpgit6en 888083 888082 2026-07-27T11:29:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 888083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Koby Maxwell''', (an haife shi 25 Nuwamba 1978, a matsayin '''Maxwell Koby Okwensy''' ) ya kasance mawaƙin [[Ghana]] ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=Koby Maxwell acting|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/one-night-in-vegas-poised-to-raise-bar/|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref> kuma furodusa wanda a halin yanzu yake zaune a Washington, DC a Amurka. Ya ce manufarsa ita ce kiyaye sahihancin wakokin Afirka, tare da hada sautin wasu. A watan Yuni na 2010, ya zama mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai gudanarwa lokacin da ya ɗauki hayar kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Amurka don shirya fim ɗinsa na farko na [[Nollywood]], mai suna ''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye in the Dark]]'' .<ref>{{cite web|last=Mightyafrican.blogspot.com|title=Question and Answer with Koby Maxwell|url=http://mightyafrican.blogspot.com/2010/11/q-about-african-movie-paparazzi-eye-in.html|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Blog Talk Radio|title=Koby Interview on Blogtalkradio @ 7:30 mark|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/gfem-radio/2010/09/09/music-showcase|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ghanashowbiz.com|title=Koby Maxwell Interview|url=http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191644/http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2016 ya fara shirya wani shiri a tashar talabijin ta Arewacin Amurka ABC2 mai suna ''Nollyhot TV'' wanda aka fara nunawa a ranar 6 ga Janairu na wannan shekarar. Nunin yana ɗaukar abubuwan da ke faruwa a masana'antar nishaɗi ta Najeriya ta Nollywood don masu sauraron Amurkawa. Nollyhot TV kuma ana watsa shi akan tashoshin talabijin na CW da DCW 50 a cikin Amurka. Koby Maxwell Productions tare da haɗin gwiwar Lafa Media & Zealmatic Pictures suma sun fito da wani fim na 2019 mai suna '''Ba daidai ba'''.<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=The Wrong One|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/nollywood-hollywood-koby-maxwell-2019-movie/|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref> == Iyali da farkon rayuwa == Koby Maxwell shine babba a cikin yara shida.  Tun lokacin da ya isa Amurka a shekara ta 2000, ya yi rawar gani a fitattun wurare kamar Cibiyar Kennedy da Gidan Waka ta Rediyo da ke birnin New York.  Ya raba matakin tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Nancy Wilson, Chaka Khan da Dionne Warwick.<ref>{{cite web|last=Theafricanstar.com |title=Koby Maxwell Interview |url=http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |accessdate=24 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012082502/http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |archivedate=12 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Museke.com|title=Koby Interview|url=http://www3.museke.com/en/node/6582|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420035202/http://www.museke.com/en/node/6582|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin watan Agusta 2006 ya yi tare da tauraron reggae Sean Paul, Barrington Levy, Sanchez, Ziggy da Stephen Marley, Bunny Wailer da Salif Keita a Reggae akan Kogin.  Maxwell ya kuma sami ƙarin karbuwa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Detroit na 21st na Duniya na Duniya. == Hotuna == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Album ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2004 | '''''Ku yabi Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="1" | 2005 | '''''Yawo tare da Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | '''''Ina sani''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | '''''Mataki zuwa Sama''''' | Mawaƙi | tare da Veda, DJ Tasouman |- | rowspan="1" | 2008 | '''''Dafatan Kunji Dadin Wakar Fim''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Desmond Elliot]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | '''''Sautin Sautin Fim na Rayuwa''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Idon Paparazzi a cikin Sautin Fim ɗin Duhu]]''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | '''''Yi Album''''' | Mawaƙi | |- |} == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye a cikin Dark]]''''' | Mr Maxx | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2013 | '''''[[One Night in Vegas|Daya Dare a Vegas]]''''' | Pat | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Jimmy Jean-Louis]], John Dumelo, Michael Blackson, Sarodj Bertin |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Koby Maxwell at IMDb * {{Official website|https://www.kobymaxwellproductions.com}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1975]] q3djw7dd22hub8o9s4t5vzji7365ggq 888084 888083 2026-07-27T11:30:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 888084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Koby Maxwell''', (an haife shi 25 Nuwamba 1978, a matsayin '''Maxwell Koby Okwensy''' ) ya kasance mawaƙin [[Ghana]] ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=Koby Maxwell acting|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/one-night-in-vegas-poised-to-raise-bar/|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref> kuma furodusa wanda a halin yanzu yake zaune a Washington, DC a Amurka. Ya ce manufarsa ita ce kiyaye sahihancin wakokin Afirka, tare da hada sautin wasu. A watan Yuni na 2010, ya zama mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai gudanarwa lokacin da ya ɗauki hayar kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Amurka don shirya fim ɗinsa na farko na [[Nollywood]], mai suna ''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye in the Dark]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mightyafrican.blogspot.com|title=Question and Answer with Koby Maxwell|url=http://mightyafrican.blogspot.com/2010/11/q-about-african-movie-paparazzi-eye-in.html|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Blog Talk Radio|title=Koby Interview on Blogtalkradio @ 7:30 mark|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/gfem-radio/2010/09/09/music-showcase|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ghanashowbiz.com|title=Koby Maxwell Interview|url=http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191644/http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2016 ya fara shirya wani shiri a tashar talabijin ta Arewacin Amurka ABC2 mai suna ''Nollyhot TV'' wanda aka fara nunawa a ranar 6 ga Janairu na wannan shekarar. Nunin yana ɗaukar abubuwan da ke faruwa a masana'antar nishaɗi ta Najeriya ta Nollywood don masu sauraron Amurkawa. Nollyhot TV kuma ana watsa shi akan tashoshin talabijin na CW da DCW 50 a cikin [[Amurka]]. Koby Maxwell Productions tare da haɗin gwiwar Lafa Media & Zealmatic Pictures suma sun fito da wani fim na 2019 mai suna '''Ba daidai ba'''.<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=The Wrong One|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/nollywood-hollywood-koby-maxwell-2019-movie/|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref> == Iyali da farkon rayuwa == Koby Maxwell shine babba a cikin yara shida.  Tun lokacin da ya isa Amurka a shekara ta 2000, ya yi rawar gani a fitattun wurare kamar Cibiyar Kennedy da Gidan Waka ta Rediyo da ke birnin New York.  Ya raba matakin tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Nancy Wilson, Chaka Khan da Dionne Warwick.<ref>{{cite web|last=Theafricanstar.com |title=Koby Maxwell Interview |url=http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |accessdate=24 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012082502/http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |archivedate=12 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Museke.com|title=Koby Interview|url=http://www3.museke.com/en/node/6582|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420035202/http://www.museke.com/en/node/6582|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin watan Agusta 2006 ya yi tare da tauraron reggae Sean Paul, Barrington Levy, Sanchez, Ziggy da Stephen Marley, Bunny Wailer da Salif Keita a Reggae akan Kogin.  Maxwell ya kuma sami ƙarin karbuwa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Detroit na 21st na Duniya na Duniya. == Hotuna == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Album ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2004 | '''''Ku yabi Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="1" | 2005 | '''''Yawo tare da Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | '''''Ina sani''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | '''''Mataki zuwa Sama''''' | Mawaƙi | tare da Veda, DJ Tasouman |- | rowspan="1" | 2008 | '''''Dafatan Kunji Dadin Wakar Fim''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Desmond Elliot]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | '''''Sautin Sautin Fim na Rayuwa''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Idon Paparazzi a cikin Sautin Fim ɗin Duhu]]''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | '''''Yi Album''''' | Mawaƙi | |- |} == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye a cikin Dark]]''''' | Mr Maxx | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2013 | '''''[[One Night in Vegas|Daya Dare a Vegas]]''''' | Pat | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Jimmy Jean-Louis]], John Dumelo, Michael Blackson, Sarodj Bertin |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Koby Maxwell at IMDb * {{Official website|https://www.kobymaxwellproductions.com}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1975]] g1h23prdtooyq2s3m0pkytsodyqgunx 888085 888084 2026-07-27T11:30:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 888085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Koby Maxwell''', (an haife shi 25 Nuwamba 1978, a matsayin '''Maxwell Koby Okwensy''' ) ya kasance mawaƙin [[Ghana]] ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=Koby Maxwell acting|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/one-night-in-vegas-poised-to-raise-bar/|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref> kuma furodusa wanda a halin yanzu yake zaune a Washington, DC a Amurka. Ya ce manufarsa ita ce kiyaye sahihancin wakokin Afirka, tare da hada sautin wasu. A watan Yuni na 2010, ya zama mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai gudanarwa lokacin da ya ɗauki hayar kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Amurka don shirya fim ɗinsa na farko na [[Nollywood]], mai suna ''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye in the Dark]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mightyafrican.blogspot.com|title=Question and Answer with Koby Maxwell|url=http://mightyafrican.blogspot.com/2010/11/q-about-african-movie-paparazzi-eye-in.html|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Blog Talk Radio|title=Koby Interview on Blogtalkradio @ 7:30 mark|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/gfem-radio/2010/09/09/music-showcase|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ghanashowbiz.com|title=Koby Maxwell Interview|url=http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191644/http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2016 ya fara shirya wani shiri a tashar talabijin ta Arewacin Amurka ABC2 mai suna ''Nollyhot TV'' wanda aka fara nunawa a ranar 6 ga Janairu na wannan shekarar. Nunin yana ɗaukar abubuwan da ke faruwa a masana'antar nishaɗi ta [[Najeriya]] ta Nollywood don masu sauraron Amurkawa. Nollyhot TV kuma ana watsa shi akan tashoshin talabijin na CW da DCW 50 a cikin [[Amurka]]. Koby Maxwell Productions tare da haɗin gwiwar Lafa Media & Zealmatic Pictures suma sun fito da wani fim na 2019 mai suna '''Ba daidai ba'''.<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=The Wrong One|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/nollywood-hollywood-koby-maxwell-2019-movie/|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref> == Iyali da farkon rayuwa == Koby Maxwell shine babba a cikin yara shida.  Tun lokacin da ya isa Amurka a shekara ta 2000, ya yi rawar gani a fitattun wurare kamar Cibiyar Kennedy da Gidan Waka ta Rediyo da ke birnin New York.  Ya raba matakin tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Nancy Wilson, Chaka Khan da Dionne Warwick.<ref>{{cite web|last=Theafricanstar.com |title=Koby Maxwell Interview |url=http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |accessdate=24 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012082502/http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |archivedate=12 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Museke.com|title=Koby Interview|url=http://www3.museke.com/en/node/6582|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420035202/http://www.museke.com/en/node/6582|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin watan Agusta 2006 ya yi tare da tauraron reggae Sean Paul, Barrington Levy, Sanchez, Ziggy da Stephen Marley, Bunny Wailer da Salif Keita a Reggae akan Kogin.  Maxwell ya kuma sami ƙarin karbuwa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Detroit na 21st na Duniya na Duniya. == Hotuna == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Album ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2004 | '''''Ku yabi Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="1" | 2005 | '''''Yawo tare da Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | '''''Ina sani''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | '''''Mataki zuwa Sama''''' | Mawaƙi | tare da Veda, DJ Tasouman |- | rowspan="1" | 2008 | '''''Dafatan Kunji Dadin Wakar Fim''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Desmond Elliot]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | '''''Sautin Sautin Fim na Rayuwa''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Idon Paparazzi a cikin Sautin Fim ɗin Duhu]]''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | '''''Yi Album''''' | Mawaƙi | |- |} == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye a cikin Dark]]''''' | Mr Maxx | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2013 | '''''[[One Night in Vegas|Daya Dare a Vegas]]''''' | Pat | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Jimmy Jean-Louis]], John Dumelo, Michael Blackson, Sarodj Bertin |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Koby Maxwell at IMDb * {{Official website|https://www.kobymaxwellproductions.com}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1975]] ck146lf21gcy20fk74j5uj07c02z67g 888086 888085 2026-07-27T11:31:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 888086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Koby Maxwell''', (an haife shi 25 Nuwamba 1978, a matsayin '''Maxwell Koby Okwensy''' ) ya kasance mawaƙin [[Ghana]] ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=Koby Maxwell acting|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/one-night-in-vegas-poised-to-raise-bar/|accessdate=23 February 2019}}</ref> kuma furodusa wanda a halin yanzu yake zaune a Washington, DC a Amurka. Ya ce manufarsa ita ce kiyaye sahihancin wakokin Afirka, tare da hada sautin wasu. A watan Yuni na 2010, ya zama mai shirya fina-finai kuma mai gudanarwa lokacin da ya ɗauki hayar kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Amurka don shirya fim ɗinsa na farko na [[Nollywood]], mai suna ''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye in the Dark]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mightyafrican.blogspot.com|title=Question and Answer with Koby Maxwell|url=http://mightyafrican.blogspot.com/2010/11/q-about-african-movie-paparazzi-eye-in.html|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Blog Talk Radio|title=Koby Interview on Blogtalkradio @ 7:30 mark|url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/gfem-radio/2010/09/09/music-showcase|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ghanashowbiz.com|title=Koby Maxwell Interview|url=http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191644/http://www.ghanashowbiz.com/news/hi-life-sensation-koby-maxwell-revealed/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2016 ya fara shirya wani shiri a tashar talabijin ta Arewacin Amurka ABC2 mai suna ''Nollyhot TV'' wanda aka fara nunawa a ranar 6 ga Janairu na wannan shekarar. Nunin yana ɗaukar abubuwan da ke faruwa a masana'antar nishaɗi ta [[Najeriya]] ta [[Nollywood]] don masu sauraron Amurkawa. Nollyhot TV kuma ana watsa shi akan tashoshin talabijin na CW da DCW 50 a cikin [[Amurka]]. Koby Maxwell Productions tare da haɗin gwiwar Lafa Media & Zealmatic Pictures suma sun fito da wani fim na 2019 mai suna '''Ba daidai ba'''.<ref>{{cite web|last=theafricandream.net|title=The Wrong One|url=https://www.theafricandream.net/nollywood-hollywood-koby-maxwell-2019-movie/|accessdate=2 March 2019}}</ref> == Iyali da farkon rayuwa == Koby Maxwell shine babba a cikin yara shida.  Tun lokacin da ya isa Amurka a shekara ta 2000, ya yi rawar gani a fitattun wurare kamar Cibiyar Kennedy da Gidan Waka ta Rediyo da ke birnin New York.  Ya raba matakin tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Nancy Wilson, Chaka Khan da Dionne Warwick.<ref>{{cite web|last=Theafricanstar.com |title=Koby Maxwell Interview |url=http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |accessdate=24 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012082502/http://theafricanstar.com/?p=1 |archivedate=12 October 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Museke.com|title=Koby Interview|url=http://www3.museke.com/en/node/6582|accessdate=24 March 2011|archive-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420035202/http://www.museke.com/en/node/6582|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin watan Agusta 2006 ya yi tare da tauraron reggae Sean Paul, Barrington Levy, Sanchez, Ziggy da Stephen Marley, Bunny Wailer da Salif Keita a Reggae akan Kogin.  Maxwell ya kuma sami ƙarin karbuwa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Detroit na 21st na Duniya na Duniya. == Hotuna == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Album ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2004 | '''''Ku yabi Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="1" | 2005 | '''''Yawo tare da Ubangiji''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | '''''Ina sani''''' | Mawaƙi | |- | '''''Mataki zuwa Sama''''' | Mawaƙi | tare da Veda, DJ Tasouman |- | rowspan="1" | 2008 | '''''Dafatan Kunji Dadin Wakar Fim''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Desmond Elliot]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2010 | '''''Sautin Sautin Fim na Rayuwa''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Ramsey Nouah]] |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Idon Paparazzi a cikin Sautin Fim ɗin Duhu]]''''' | Mawaƙi | Starring [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | '''''Yi Album''''' | Mawaƙi | |- |} == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f0" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayi ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="1" | 2011 | '''''[[paparazzi: Eye in the Dark|Paparazzi Eye a cikin Dark]]''''' | Mr Maxx | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Van Vicker]], Tchidi Chikeri, Syr Law, [[Chet Anekwe]] |- | rowspan="1" | 2013 | '''''[[One Night in Vegas|Daya Dare a Vegas]]''''' | Pat | '''''Furodusa''''', ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Jimmy Jean-Louis]], John Dumelo, Michael Blackson, Sarodj Bertin |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Koby Maxwell at IMDb * {{Official website|https://www.kobymaxwellproductions.com}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1975]] ngi2ucnipezxlsbq0muinjkutbqhn4a 0 75318 888050 609985 2026-07-27T09:54:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Luisah Teish.jpg|thumb|marubuciya]] '''Luisah Teish''' ( /t iː ʃ / TEESH ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Growing up in New Orleans; Learning from Elders; Connecting with Spirit (Part 1/7) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgesG5Hs5vU&list=PL2A81FB8C7FD4F591&index=1 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027073825/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgesG5Hs5vU&list=PL2A81FB8C7FD4F591&index=1 |archive-date=2020-10-27 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> wacce kuma aka fi sani da '''Iyanifa Fajembola Fatunmise''' ) [[malami|malama]] ce <ref>Malka Drucker. [[iarchive:whitefireportrai0000druc/page/68|''White Fire: A Portrait of Women Spiritual Leaders in America'']]. SkyLight Paths Publishing, 2003</ref> kuma marubuciya, musamman na ''Jambalaya: Littafin Mace ta Halitta na Ƙa'idodin Kai da Ayyukan Aiki.'' <ref name="casey">Casey, Laura. "There's magic between plants, food and beauty". ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'' [Oakland, Calif] 28 Oct 2006: 1.</ref> Ita ce shugabar Iyanifa da Oshun a al'adar [[Santería|Lucumi]] [[Yarbawa|na Yarbawa]]. <ref name="casey" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Luisah Teish |url=https://greatmotherconference.org/speakers/luisah-teish/ |access-date=September 20, 2016 |website=Great Mother and New Father Conference }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwa == Luisah Teish Ba-Amurke ne, an haife ta a New Orleans, Louisiana. Mahaifinta, Wilson Allen, Sr. Episcopal ne na Methodist na Afirka wanda iyayensa bayin tsararraki biyu ne kuma tsara ɗaya kacal daga bauta. Mahaifiyarta, Serena "Rene" Allen, 'yar Katolika ce, ta Haitian, Faransanci, da Choctaw. Asalin zuriyarta kuma sun haɗa da Yarbawa ta Yammacin Afirka. A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Teish ta kasance ƴar rawa a ƙungiyar Katherine Dunham, inda ta koyi da yin raye-rayen gargajiya na Afirka da Caribbean. <ref name="albert">{{Cite journal |last=Albert |first=Mimi |date=January 1987 |title=Luisah Teish - Yoruba priestess, psychic channel, storyteller, shaman - describes her return to the goddesses and gods of her West African spiritual roots. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D-wDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA33 |journal=Yoga Journal |publisher=Active Interest Media, Inc. |volume=72 |pages=33–35 |issn=0191-0965}}</ref> Bayan barin kamfanin rawa, ta zama mawaƙiya a St. Louis. A shekara ta 1969 ta shiga Fahami Temple na Amun-Ra, kuma a nan ne ta ɗauki sunan "Luisah Teish", wanda ke nufin "ruhi mai ban sha'awa". <ref name="albert" /> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://noetic.org/directory/person/luisah-teish |title=Directory, Institute of Noetic Sciences: Luisah Teish, wuote: "In 1969 she received initiation into the Fahamme Temple of Amun-Ra in St. Louis, Missouri." |access-date=2024-03-18 |archive-date=2016-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508133308/http://www.noetic.org/directory/person/luisah-teish |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta jagoranci ƙungiyar rawa ta Black Artists Group (BAG) a St. Louis bayan tafiyar shugaban rawa na farko na BAG, Georgia Collins. A ƙarshen 1970s, ta zama farkon kuma firist na [[Santería|addinin Lucumi]], <ref name="albert"/> kuma ta fara koyar da ɗalibai a cikin 1977. <ref>Greta S. Gaard. ''Ecological Politics: Ecofeminists and the Greens''. Temple University Press, 1998</ref> A halin yanzu tana zaune a Oakland, [[California]]. <ref>Aikens, Charles. "Teish Says Oakland Deserves To Be Saved". ''[[California Voice]]'' [Oakland, Calif] 08 Dec 1991: 4.</ref> <ref name="eason">Lillian Ashcraft-Eason. [https://books.google.com/books?id=q4kBbOOWRDsC&pg=PA129&dq=%22Luisah+Teish%22 ''Women and New and Africana Religions''], ABC-CLIO, 2010, pg. 129</ref> Teish ya ce, "Al'adata tana da farin ciki sosai - a koyaushe akwai kiɗa, raye-raye, waƙa, da abinci a cikin ayyukanmu - da kuma jin girmamawa ga yara. Yana da farin ciki da kuma tunani." <ref name="albert"/> [[Fayil:Luisah Teish.jpg|thumb|Luisah Teish]] Wata marubuciya ta ce ita ce "wataƙila fitacciyar fitacciyar .. [[Addinin Yarabawa|Yarbawa]] firist.. na [San Francisco] Bay Area" (2010). <ref name="eason"/> Wani marubucin ya bayyana ta a matsayin "... sananne a duniya a cikin da'irar Allah a matsayin marubuci kuma mai yin al'ada." <ref name="rountree">Kathryn Rountree. ''Embracing the Witch and the Goddess: Feminist Ritual-Makers in New Zealand''. Routledge 2003. Quote: "In 1992 Luisah Teish, who is well known internationally in Goddess circles as a writer and ritual-maker, visited New Zealand. Teish is of Yoruba (West African) ancestry, although she was born and raised in New Orleans. She was the guest facilitator at residential weekend workshops in Auckland and Hamilton dedicated to exploring sensuality and creativity in ritual contexts. Her book Jambalaya: The Natural Woman’s Book of Personal Charms and Practical Rituals (1985) is well known among feminist witches in New Zealand"</ref> == Littafi == * ''What Don't Kill is Fattening: Poems by Luisah Teish'' (1980) Fan Tree Press ASIN: B0007BJRRE * ''Jambalaya: The Natural Woman's Book of Personal Charms and Practical Rituals'' (1988) HarperOne  ,   * ''Carnival of the Spirit: Seasonal Celebrations and Rites of Passage'' (1994) Harpercollins  ,   * ''Soul Between the Lines: Freeing Your Creative Spirit Through Writing'' (with Dorothy Randall Gray) (1998) Avon Books  ,   * ''Eye of the Storm'' (1998) E P Dutton  ,   * ''Jump Up: Good Times Throughout the Season with Celebrations from Around the World'' (2000) Conari Press  ,   * ''What Don’t Kill Is Fattening Revisited: Twenty Years of Poetry, Prose, and Myth'' (2002) Orikire Publications * ''Zulu Shaman: Dreams, Prophecies, and Mysteries'' (with Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa and Stephen Larsen) (2003) Destiny Books (New Edition of ''Song of the Stars'')  ,   == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.yeyeluisahteish.com/ Yanar Gizo na sirri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318203058/http://www.yeyeluisahteish.com/ |date=2024-03-18 }} [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] lmmzyirr5tjoumzkqoxwqadbir66cwi 0 75864 887939 524263 2026-07-27T02:51:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lelona "Kokota Lelo" Daweti''' (an haife shi 8 Satumba 1999) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga ƙungiyar [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|Mata ta SAFA]] Mamelodi Sundowns da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta Afirka ta Kudu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ntsoelengoe |first=Tshepo |date=2022-11-02 |title=Daweti helps Sundowns Ladies beat Bayesla |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/soccer/local-soccer/daweti-helps-sundowns-ladies-beat-bayesla/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies === A cikin 2022, ta shiga [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|ƙungiyar Mata ta SAFA]] Mamelodi Sundowns a Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana cikin ƙungiyar da ta zo ta biyu a gasar zakarun mata ta COSAFA na 2022 da Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na CAF na 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abrahams |first=Celine |date=2022-11-14 |title=ASFAR Crowned 2022 CAF Women's Champions League Winners |url=https://gsport.co.za/asfar-crowned-2022-caf-womens-champions-league-winners/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=gsport4girls |language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/authors/mahlatse-mphahlele |title=Sundowns Ladies crowned inaugural Caf Women's Champions League winners |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/soccer/2021-11-20-sundowns-ladies-crowned-inaugural-caf-womens-champions-league-winners/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=SowetanLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An ƙara ta zuwa 2022 CAF Champions League Best XI. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sithole |first=Sinethemba |date=2022-11-16 |title=Three Sundowns Ladies Make it in Champions League Best XI |url=https://thisisfootball.africa/three-sundowns-ladies-make-it-in-champions-league-best-xi/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=This is Football |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2023-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111115200/https://thisisfootball.africa/three-sundowns-ladies-make-it-in-champions-league-best-xi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga baya a cikin shekarar ta lashe [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|gasar mata ta SAFA]] ta farko tare da Sundowns. <ref>{{Cite web |last=profseuno |first=profseuno |date=2022-11-27 |title=Sundowns presented with third straight league title |url=https://kick442.com/sundowns-presented-with-third-straight-league-title/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=KICK442 Sport News |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe Gasar Zakarun Mata ta COSAFA ta 2023 . Daweti ya kasance wanda ya fi kowa zura kwallaye a gasar da kwallaye 3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-09 |title=Mamelodi Sundowns to represent COSAFA region at CAF Women’s Champions League |url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-champions-league/news/mamelodi-sundowns-to-represent-cosafa-region-at-caf-women-s-champions-league/ |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=CAF |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta samu rauni wanda ya hana ta tunkarar kakar wasanni. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A cikin 2017, an zaɓi ta a cikin ƙungiyar Basetsana don cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta U/20. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oriaku |first=Peter |date=2018-01-23 |title=South Africa's Daweti Confident Basetsana Will Beat Falconets On Aggregate For U-20 W/Cup Ticket |url=https://www.completesports.com/south-africas-daweti-%e2%80%8econfident-basetsana-will-beat-falconets-aggregate-u-20-w-cup-ticket/ |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Complete Sports |language=en-us |archive-date=2023-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110141530/https://www.completesports.com/south-africas-daweti-%E2%80%8Econfident-basetsana-will-beat-falconets-aggregate-u-20-w-cup-ticket/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=REPORTER |first=SUNSPORT |title=BASETSANA SQUAD FOR U-20 WC QUALIFIERS |url=https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/sport/basetsana-squad-for-u-20-wc-qualifiers-20170906 |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Daily Sun |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110113709/https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/sport/basetsana-squad-for-u-20-wc-qualifiers-20170906 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2022, Daweti ta yi takara ga tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Afirka ta Kudu a gasar COSAFA ta mata ta 2022 inda suka kasance ta biyu a gasar har zuwa Zambia . == Girmamawa == === Kulob === '''Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies''' * [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|Kungiyar Mata ta SAFA]] : 2022, 2023 '''Afirka ta Kudu''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta COSAFA : ta zo ta biyu: 2022 '''Mutum''' * 2023 COSAFA Champions League : Wanda ya fi zura kwallaye ( kwallaye 3) == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 7jwuab8uz625pqj3135fj7muhx6wedo 0 76592 888071 848597 2026-07-27T10:26:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lynette Yiadom-Boakye''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1977) ƴar Burtaniya ce kuma marubuciya, ta al'adun Ghana. An fi saninta da hotunan batutuwa masu ban mamaki, ko waɗanda aka samo daga abubuwan da aka samo, waɗanda aka fentin su da launuka masu launi. Ayyukanta sun ba da gudummawa ga sake farfadowa a cikin zanen Black. Sau da yawa ana gabatar da zane-zanenta a cikin nune-nunen kansa. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Lynette Yiadom-Boakye a Landan, Burtaniya inda a halin yanzu take zaune da aiki.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=LYNETTE YIADOM-BOAKYE: The Love Within {{!}} Contemporary And |url=http://www.contemporaryand.com/exhibition/lynette-yiadom-boakye-the-love-within/ |access-date=2018-03-26 |website=www.contemporaryand.com |language=de}}</ref> Iyayenta sun yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikatan jinya ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Kasa bayan sun yi hijira daga Ghana a cikin shekarun 1960.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Baruchello |first=Giorgio |date=2020 |title=W. Friese et al. (eds.), Ascending and Descending the Acropolis: Movement in Athenian Religion; and T. Møbjerg et al. (eds.), The Hammerum Burial Site: Customs and Clothing in the Roman Iron Age (Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2019) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/nm.15.1.10 |journal=Nordicum-Mediterraneum |volume=15 |issue=1 |doi=10.33112/nm.15.1.10 |issn=1670-6242 |s2cid=216505190 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yiadom-Boakye ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "yaro mai banƙyama - maki masu kyau, babu wani mugunta - amma kuma tana da kyau wajen rayuwa a cikin kaina, ta amfani da tunanin ta a matsayin tserewa. " A matsayinta na babban jami'a a makarantar sakandare, ta ɗauki darasi na tushe na fasaha a matsayin gwaji kuma bayan kalmomi ta ba da niyyar zama mai zane-zane don zama mai zane na tsakiya St. Martins College of Art and Design (1996-7); duk da haka, ba ta ji daɗin lokacinta a ƙarshe ta sami lambar yabo ta Falmouth College of Art (1997-2000) inda ta samu a ƙarƙashin digiri na Falgraduate a shekara ta 2000.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Lynette Yiadom-Boakye |url=https://go-gale-com.libezp.lib.lsu.edu/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=Biographies&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=MultiTab&retrievalId=091b37fc-68cc-4bc0-a8f7-d55dbd0482e2&hitCount=1&searchType=PersonSearchForm&currentPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CK1606008200&docType=Biography&sort=Relevance&contentSegment=ZXAM-MOD1&prodId=BIC&pageNum=1&contentSet=GALE%7CK1606008200&searchId=R2&userGroupName=lln_alsu&inPS=true |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=Gale |publisher=Contemporary Black Biography}}</ref>] Daga nan ta kammala digiri na MA a Makarantun Royal Academy a shekara ta 2003. A can ne, a cikin shekara ta ƙarshe ta makarantar digiri, ta zo ga fahimtar da ta canza jagorancin aikinta, wanda ya haifar da shahararta. A wata hira da Dodie Kazanjian na ''Vogue'' ta ce "Maimakon ƙoƙarin sanya labaran da suka rikitarwa a cikin aikina, na yanke shawarar sauƙaƙe, da kuma mayar da hankali kan adadi da kuma yadda aka fentin shi. Wannan a cikin kansa zai ɗauki labarin.Bayan kwaleji ta yi aiki don tallafa wa kanta har zuwa 2006 lokacin da ta sami Arts Foundation Fellowship don zanen kuma ta sami damar mayar da hankali kawai kan zanen.[3]<ref name=":5" /> A shekara ta 2010 Okwui Enwezor ta amince da aikinta. Tare da mai kula da Naomi Beckwith, Okwui Enwezor ta tsara nune-nunen ta a Gidan Tarihi na Studio a Harlem . <ref>Hirsch, Faye. </ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kazanjian |first=Dodie |date=27 March 2017 |title=How British-Ghanaian Artist Lynette Yiadom-Boakye Portrays Black Lives in Her Paintings |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/artist-lynette-yiadom-boakye-paintings-portray-black-lives |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=Vogue |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance daga cikin wadanda aka zaba don Kyautar Turner a shekarar 2013.<ref>McGreevy, Nora, ''[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-these-stunning-paintings-fictitious-black-figures-subvert-traditional-portraiture-180976445/ Stunning Paintings of Fictitious Black Figures Subvert Traditional Portraiture]'', ''[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]'', December 3, 2020, with slide show and video link</ref> Baya ga ayyukanta na zane-zane, Yiadom-Boakye ta koyar a Makarantar Fasaha ta Ruskin, [[Jami'ar Oxford]] inda take mai koyarwa mai ziyara ga shirin Master in Fine Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ruskin School of Art - Lynette Yiadom Boakye |url=https://www.rsa.ox.ac.uk/people/lynette-yiadom-boakye |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=www.rsa.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> An san tasirinta a matsayin mai zane a cikin Powerlist na 2019 kuma daga baya aka lissafa ta cikin "mafi girma 10" na mutanen da suka fi tasiri na al'adun Afirka ko Afirka na Caribbean a Burtaniya a shekarar 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last3=Joses |first3=Joy |date=27 October 2018 |title=Who are the influential Black Britons honoured in Powerlist 2019? |url=https://melanmag.com/2018/10/27/influential-black-britons-honoured-in-powerlist-2019/ |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=Melan Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=Who's on the list of the most influential black people? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-50181195 |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> == Ayyuka == [[File:Skylark_Lynette_Yiadom-Boakye_2010.jpg|right|thumb|''Skylark'' (2010) by Lynette Yiadom-Boakye a National Gallery of Art's nuna Tarihin Afro-Atlantic a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] a cikin 2022]] === Ayyukan zane-zane === Ayyukan Yiadom-Boakye sun ƙunshi mafi yawan hotuna na batutuwan Black. Hotunan ta galibi na alama ne, tare da launuka masu laushi da laushi. Halin duhu na aikinta an san shi da ƙirƙirar jin daɗi wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga yanayin da ba shi da lokaci na batutuwanta.<ref name=":4">[https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/lynette-yiadom-boakye-16784/introduction-lynette-yiadom-boakye ''An Introduction to Lynette Yiadom-Boakye From her imagined figures to her poetic titles, discover this figurative painter’s work''], [[Tate Museum]], accessed December 5, 2020</ref> Hotunan da take yi na mutane masu ban mamaki suna nuna mutane suna karatu, suna shakatawa, da kuma hutawa a cikin al'adun gargajiya. Ta kawo hoton batutuwan ta fuska masu tunani da kuma nuna shakatawa, suna sa matsayi da yanayin su ya dace da masu kallo da yawa. Masu sharhi sun danganta wasu daga cikin yabo na aikin Yiadom-Boakye ga wannan alaƙa. Tana ƙoƙari ta hana batutuwanta daga kasancewa da alaƙa da takamaiman shekaru goma ko lokaci; yawancin zane-zanenta suna nuna adadi / mutane na asalin Afirka. Wannan yana haifar da zaɓuɓɓuka kamar ba zanen takalma a kan batutuwanta ba, kamar yadda takalma ke aiki a matsayin hatimi na lokaci. Wadannan adadi yawanci suna hutawa a gaban bayanan da ba a san su ba, suna iyo a cikin launuka masu duhu. Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, amma abubuwan da suka shafi motsin rai suna tunatar da masu sharhi game da tsoffin mashawarta kamar Velasquez da Degas.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=LYNETTE YIADOM-BOAKYE'S LOVELY, 'LOUDER' NEW PAINTINGS |url=https://afropunk.com/2019/01/lynette-yiadom-boakyes-lovely-louder-new-paintings/ |access-date=2019-03-03 |website=AFROPUNK |language=en-US}}</ref> Halin mai zane ya canza dan kadan bayan bude wasan kwaikwayon ta na 2017 "A cikin Yanayin Ƙaunar". Nunin ya nuna sabon tsarin launi mai dumi. Batutuwan da ta yi a cikin wannan wasan kwaikwayon sun haɗa da cikakkun bayanai kamar su bene mai laushi, murfin kai mai ƙarfi da tufafin wanka, da rawaya, orange, da kuma kore.<ref name=":1"/> Kodayake kowane hoto yana ɗauke da mutum ɗaya kawai, ana gabatar da zane-zanen a cikin ƙungiyoyi waɗanda aka shirya kamar hotunan iyali. Tare da wakilcin da take yi game da siffar ɗan adam, Yiadom-Boakye ta bincika hanyoyin da aka tsara na matsakaiciyar zanen kuma ta bayyana fannonin siyasa da na tunani a cikin ayyukanta, waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan halayen tunanin da ke bayan duniyarmu a wani lokaci daban kuma a wani wuri da ba a sani ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Haus der Kunst - Detail |url=http://www.hausderkunst.de/en/agenda/detail/talk-with-lynette-yiadom-boakye-and-glenn-ligon/ |access-date=11 March 2017 |website=www.hausderkunst.de |language=en}}</ref> Ta zana siffofin da aka cire da gangan daga lokaci da wuri, kuma ta ce, "Mutane suna tambayar ni, 'Wane ne, ina ne suke?" Abin da ya kamata su tambaya shine 'me' su ne?"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bollen |first=Christopher |date=2012-11-27 |title=Galleries - Interview Magazine |url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/art/london-lynette-yiadom-boakye |access-date=5 March 2016 |website=www.interviewmagazine.com}}</ref> Yiadom-Boakye tana ba da ƙwarin gwiwa ga zane-zanenta daga abubuwan da aka samo ta amfani da su da kuma abubuwan tunawa, adabi, da tarihin zane-zane. <ref name=":4"/> Ta kuma sami wahayi daga kiɗa da masu fasaha ciki har da: Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Bill Evans, Nick Drake, Lisa Yuskavage, Chris Offili, da Isaac Julien . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynette Yiadom-Boakye |url=https://www.artnet.com/artists/lynette-yiadom-boakye/biography |access-date=5 April 2023 |website=artnet.com}}</ref> <ref name=":4" /> Gidan kayan gargajiya na Tate yana ba da gabatarwa ga aikinta wanda yake da yawa, don tafiya tare da babban nune-nunen aikinta da aka gudanar daga 2 ga Disamba 2020 zuwa 9 ga Mayu 2021. <ref>Exhibition Announcement, ''[https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/lynette-yiadom-boakye Lynette Yiadom-Boakye Fly In League With The Night - The first major survey of one of the most important painters working today]'', Tate Museum, December 2020</ref><ref name=":4"/> === Rubuce-rubuce === Ga mai zane, Yiadom-Boakye ba ta da kyau wajen bayyana kanta a matsayin marubuciya kamar yadda mai zane - gajerun labaranta da waƙoƙin waƙoƙinta suna bayyana akai-akai a cikin kundin littattafanta. Misalan ayyukanta da aka nuna a cikin kundin sun haɗa da abubuwan da aka cire guda biyar daga wani labari mai suna "Officer of the Law" da wasu bayanan da ba a sani ba game da aikata laifuka. <ref name=":6"/>Labarin ta "Officer of the Law" wani ɗan gajeren labari ne wanda ke amfani da dabbobi don haruffa. Yiadom-Boakye kuma ta kirkiro waka kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin bayanin ta "Wani abu kusa da Confession. " Misali na wannan:<blockquote>"Mutuwa amma don rayuwa a cikin ni, Inda koguna Black ke gudana a cikin Bath, Kasancewa da Mai fafutuka da Dalilinta Kuma ya faɗakar da Mugun ga Dukkanin su Ina Bask inda Allah ba zai iya ganina ba. A kan wani wuri mara kyau, idanuna suna yin ruwa Kuma ya jawo makafi a kan yanka."<ref name=":6"/></blockquote>A cikin jawabai game da aikinta, mai zane ya lura cewa rubuce-rubucenta a gare ta kamar yadda zanen ta yake, kuma ya bayyana cewa tana "rubuce abubuwan da ba ta zana kuma tana fentin duk abubuwan da ba za ta rubuta ba". An ba wa zane-zanen ta lakabi na waka. == Kasuwar fasaha == A wani siyarwar 2019 a Phillips a London, Yiadom-Boakye's Leave A Brick Under The Maple (2015), hoto mai girman mutum, an sayar da shi kusan dala miliyan 1.<ref>Scott Reyburn (June 27, 2019), [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/27/arts/design/female-artists-with-african-backgrounds-are-winners-at-phillips-auction-in-london.html Female Artists With African Backgrounds Are Winners at Phillips Auction in London] ''[[New York Times]]''</ref> A cikin 2022 Christie's 20th/21st Century Frieze Week season auction, Yiadom-Boakye's Highpower an kiyasta a £ 600,000 kuma an sayar da shi a £ 1,482,000 <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2022 |title=David Hockney, Lynette Yiadom-Boakye and Beauford Delaney lead Christie's 20th/21st century Frieze Week season in London |url=https://www.christies.com/features/20th-21st-century-london-frieze-week-wrap-report-12475-3.aspx |access-date=5 April 2023 |website=Christie's}}</ref> == Batun don aikin wasu == An zana shi a cikin 2017, Hoton Kehinde Wiley ta Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Jacob Morland na Capplethwaite an nuna shi a Cibiyar Yale don Fasaha ta Burtaniya a New Haven, CT . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Art in Context : Kehinde Wiley's "Portrait of Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Jacob Morland of Capplethwaite" |url=https://britishart.yale.edu/event/art-context-kehinde-wileys-portrait-lynette-yiadom-boakye-jacob-morland-capplethwaite |access-date=2019-12-08 |website=Yale Center for British Art |archive-date=2019-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209040147/https://britishart.yale.edu/event/art-context-kehinde-wileys-portrait-lynette-yiadom-boakye-jacob-morland-capplethwaite |url-status=dead |archivedate=2019-12-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209040147/https://britishart.yale.edu/event/art-context-kehinde-wileys-portrait-lynette-yiadom-boakye-jacob-morland-capplethwaite }}</ref> Hoton Yiadom-Boakye na mai daukar hoto Sal Idriss an gudanar da shi a cikin tarin National Portrait Gallery, London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynette Yiadom-Boakye - Portrait |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw242965 |access-date=2020-12-03 |website=National Portrait Gallery}}</ref> Waƙar Bayan Iteration of a Painting by Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Destroyed by the Artist Herself by Ama Codje an buga ta Massachusetts's Review a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2019 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Codjoe |first=Ama |date=2019 |title=Poem After an Iteration of a Painting by Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Destroyed by the Artist Herself |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/744715 |journal=The Massachusetts Review |language=en |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=718–719 |doi=10.1353/mar.2019.0106 |issn=2330-0485 |s2cid=213931952}}</ref> == Nuni == Yiadom-Boakye ya shirya nune-nunen solo da yawa a gidajen tarihi da wuraren baje kolin duniya. Shahararrun abubuwan da ta nuna sun hada da Duk wani adadi na damuwa (2010), Gidan Tarihi na Studio a Harlem, New York; Ayoyi bayan Dusk (2015), <ref>Yiadom-Boakye, Lynette, and Serpentine Gallery, host institution. </ref> Serpentine Galleries, [[Landan]]; <ref>[https://soundcloud.com/serpentine-uk/lynette-yiadom-boakye-in-conversation-with-hans-ulrich-obrist "Lynette Yiadom-Boakye in conversation with Hans Ulrich Obrist (1 June 2015)"], Serpentine UK.</ref> A Passion To A Principle (2016), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynette Yiadom-Boakye : A Passion To A Principle |url=https://contemporaryand.com/fr/exhibition/lynette-yiadom-boakye-a-passion-to-a-principle/ |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Contemporary And |language=de |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327151932/https://contemporaryand.com/fr/exhibition/lynette-yiadom-boakye-a-passion-to-a-principle/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kunsthalle Basel, [[Switzerland]]; Under-Song For a Cipher (2017), New Museum, New York؛ [4] [5] da Fly In League With The Night (2022-2023), Tate Britain, London.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Natalie |date=4 March 2017 |title=Lynette Yiadom-Boakye: Under-Song For A Cipher |url=http://www.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/view/lynette-yiadom-boakye |access-date=1 December 2017 |website=New Museum }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="newmuseum.org">{{Cite web |title=Lynette Yiadom-Boakye: Under-Song For A Cipher |url=http://www.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/view/lynette-yiadom-boakye |access-date=20 June 2017 |website=www.newmuseum.org |language=en |archive-date=17 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617012328/http://www.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/view/lynette-yiadom-boakye |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tate |title=Lynette Yiadom-Boakye: Fly In League With The Night – Exhibition at Tate Britain |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/lynette-yiadom-boakye |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=Tate |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta kuma shiga cikin nune-nunen rukuni da nune-nununen da yawa, gami da 55th Venice Biennale (2013); Sharjah Biennial (2015); <ref>{{Cite web |title=GIBCA • Lynette Yiadom-Boakye |url=http://www.gibca.se/index.php/en/gibca2015/artists/lynette-yiadom-boakye |access-date=2018-03-26 |website=www.gibca.se |language=sv |archive-date=2018-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327084517/http://www.gibca.se/index.php/en/gibca2015/artists/lynette-yiadom-boakye |url-status=dead |archivedate=2018-03-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327084517/http://www.gibca.se/index.php/en/gibca2015/artists/lynette-yiadom-boakye }}</ref> 58th Venice Biennal (2019), <ref name=":0"/> da Tarihin Afro-Atlantic (2021-2022). <ref name="NGA exhibit listing">{{Cite web |title=Afro-Atlantic Histories |url=https://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2022/afro-atlantic-histories.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418003612/https://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2022/afro-atlantic-histories.html |archive-date=18 April 2022 |access-date=18 April 2022 |website=NGA |publisher=[[National Gallery of Art]]}}</ref> Ayyukan Yiadom-Boakye an haɗa su a cikin tarin kayan gargajiya da yawa a Amurka ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Carnegie, da Gidan kayan gargajiya na Pérez na Miami, kuma hoton Sarki na Sa'a yana bayyane a nuni na dogon lokaci na ma'aikata na 2023 .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection at Perez |url=https://www.journeyhomme.com/collection-at-perez |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=website |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411150244/https://www.journeyhomme.com/collection-at-perez |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Yiadom-Boakye an yaba da ita sosai saboda aikinta, ta sami lambar yabo ciki har da The Arts Foundation fellowship don zanen (2006), Pinchuk Foundation Future Generation Prize (2012), <ref>{{Cite web |title=History - English - Future Generation Art Prize |url=https://futuregenerationartprize.org/en/history |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=futuregenerationartprize.org |archive-date=2025-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523122506/https://futuregenerationartprize.org/en/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> Next Generation Prize daga New Museum of Contemporary Art (2013), <ref name=":5"/> South Bank Sky Arts Award for Visual Art (2016) <ref name=":5" /> da kuma Carnegie Prize a 57th edition of Carnegie International (2018).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Russeth |first=Andrew |date=2018-10-13 |title=2018 Carnegie International’s Prizes Go to Lynette Yiadom-Boakye, Postcommodity |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/2018-carnegie-internationals-top-prizes-go-lynette-yiadom-boakye-postcommodity-11164/ |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=ARTnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1"/> An kuma zabi ta don Kyautar Turner (2013). <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chisenhale.org.uk/archive/exhibitions/index.php?id=122 |title=''Extracts and Verses'' |access-date=2024-03-29 |archive-date=2018-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129025808/http://chisenhale.org.uk/archive/exhibitions/index.php?id=122 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2018-01-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129025808/http://chisenhale.org.uk/archive/exhibitions/index.php?id=122 }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ey306ktwmbmpgrg5hlv03foq0mg5m0q 0 77983 887931 416583 2026-07-27T02:33:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Modikanalo Lehlogonolo Sebastian Mashigo,''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Hlogi Mash''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1999) Mawakin amapiano ne na Afirka ta Kudu, [[Dance (Rawa)|mai rawa]], kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Mamelodi Sundowns ta SAFA Women's League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mtuta |first=Lukhanyo |title=Meet the Amapiano and Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies star |url=https://www.snl24.com/kickoff/lifestyle/fame-and-fortune/meet-the-amapiano-and-mamelodi-sundowns-ladies-star-20210906 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=KickOff |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == A cikin 2020, Mashigo ta shiga kungiyar Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies ta SAFA. Ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar SAFA Women's League ta 2020 wanda ya cancanci su shiga Gasar Zakarun Mata ta COSAFA . A cikin 2021, ta kasance daga cikin tawagar mata ta Sundowns da ta lashe sau uku. Sun lashe Gasar Zakarun Mata ta COSAFA da CAF Women's Champions League. Sun kammala sau uku ta hanyar kare taken Hollywoodbets Super League a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voice |first=Diski |date=2021-12-05 |title=Sundowns Crowned Champions OF Hollywoodbets Super League {{!}} Diski Voice |url=https://diskivoice.co.za/sundowns-crowned-champions-of-hollywoodbets-super-league/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921020817/https://diskivoice.co.za/sundowns-crowned-champions-of-hollywoodbets-super-league/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sun kasance masu tsere a gasar zakarun mata ta COSAFA ta 2022 da kuma gasar zakarwar mata ta CAF ta 2022. Sun lashe Hollywoodbets Super League a karo na uku a jere a watan Nuwamba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-13 |title=EN, FR, PR: Green Buffaloes stun Mamelodi Sundowns to win regional title |url=https://cosafa.com/green-buffaloes-stun-mamelodi-sundowns-to-win-regional-title/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=AS FAR stun nine-woman Mamelodi Sundowns to clinch 2022 Caf Women's Champions League title {{!}} Goal.com South Africa |url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/as-far-stun-nine-woman-mamelodi-sundowns-to-clinch-2022-caf-women-s-champions-league-title/bltc72e136a7b1c7999 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-ZA}}</ref> A shekara ta 2023, sun lashe gasar zakarun mata ta COSAFA ta 2023. Sun sake dawo da lambar yabo ta gasar zakarun Turai lokacin da suka lashe gasar zakarwar mata ta CAF ta 2023. Sun kammala sau uku tare da taken Super League na Hollywoodbets na 2023 a watan Disamba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillay |first=Alicia |date=2023-12-31 |title=Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies Ready for More Success after 2023 Triumph |url=https://gsport.co.za/mamelodi-sundowns-ladies-ready-for-more-success-after-2023-triumph/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=gsport4girls |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Kiɗa da rawa == An san ta da sunan mataki Hlogi Mash . A cikin 2022, an nuna ta a cikin kashi na uku na jerin shirye-shiryen Sundowns Stories na YouTube. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Luthuli |first=Lusanda |title=Double Life: Hlogi Mash Lives The Best Of Both Worlds |url=https://www.snl24.com/soccerladuma/fan-park/the-versatile-talent-of-lehlogonolo-mashigo-20220923 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Soccer Laduma |language=en-US}}</ref> Shirin da ta yi mai taken Hlogi- Shoe Shine da Yanos sun raba rayuwarta a matsayin mai rawa. Ta kuma fitar da EP dinta na farko tare da waƙoƙi mai taken Mamelodi, Jersey No. 7 (lambar da ta sa a Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies), Ke Bosso da EHH JOH wanda a halin yanzu yana da masu sauraro sama da 90 000 akan Spotify.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mtuta |first=Lukhanyo |title=Meet the Amapiano and Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies star |url=https://www.snl24.com/kickoff/lifestyle/fame-and-fortune/meet-the-amapiano-and-mamelodi-sundowns-ladies-star-20210906 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=KickOff |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ta fito a kan Mac Lopez, EmKay, MacG song Hwiralang . Waƙar ta wuce masu sauraro miliyan 1.6 a kan Spotify. A cikin 2024, Mash da abokin rawa Hope Ramafalo sune masu rawa na Afirka ta Kudu na farko da aka ba su lambar yabo ta TikTok mai yawa don ƙirƙirar ƙalubalen rawa na ''Hamba Wena''. Sun kuma bayyana a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar wanda ke da ra'ayoyi miliyan 19 a [[YouTube]] har zuwa Afrilu 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Booi |first=Silindokuhle |date=2024-02-20 |title=South African dancers become the first to receive a plaque for dancing |url=https://www.bona.co.za/entertainment/south-african-dancers-become-the-first-to-receive-a-plaque-for-dancing/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Bona Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Daraja == === Mamelodi Rashin Rashin Rana Mata === * [[Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon ƙafa ta SAFA ta Afirka ta Kudu|Kungiyar Mata ta SAFA]]: 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 * Gasar Zakarun Mata ta CAF: 2021, 2023; wanda ya zo na biyu: 20222022 * Gasar Zakarun Mata ta COSAFA: 2021, 2023; wanda ya zo na biyu 20222022 == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] ecmx4n6lu1ihdin3r4nwb52eine5ro9 0 79886 887767 836054 2026-07-26T15:40:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta Komenda''' , kwalejin ilimin malamai ce a Komenda, Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana). <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017 |date=2017-12-29 }}</ref> Yana ɗaya daga cikin kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 46 a Ghana kuma ya shiga cikin shirin Transforming Teacher Education and Learning Ghana (T-TEL) wanda DFID ke tallafawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana}}</ref> A cikin 2017, Komenda CoE ta aiwatar da wani aiki don tafiya ba tare da takarda ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-20 |title=Komenda College of Education begins implementation of 'paperless classroom' |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/december-20th/komenda-college-of-education-begins-implementation-of-paperless-classroom.php |access-date=2019-07-05 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |archive-date=2019-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705161414/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2017/december-20th/komenda-college-of-education-begins-implementation-of-paperless-classroom.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shugaban shi ne Rev. Dr. Kwesi Nkum Wilson . == Tarihi == An kafa Kwalejin Komenda a 1948, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2018 |title=Komenda College of Education Celebrates 70 Years |url=https://www.atlfmonline.com/home/24-ghana/7949-komenda-college-of-education-celebrates-70-years.html |access-date=18 June 2024 |archive-date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705161412/https://www.atlfmonline.com/home/24-ghana/7949-komenda-college-of-education-celebrates-70-years.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> a wani shafin da Sojojin Ruwa na Burtaniya suka yi amfani da shi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Komenda College of Education - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/komenda-college-of-education |access-date=2019-07-05 |website=www.t-tel.org}}</ref> Kwalejin Ilimi ta Komenda ta fara ne daga gine-ginen (Barracks) da Fleet Air Arm na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Burtaniya ta Bariki bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]]. <ref name="Learning Hub - T-TEL">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |archive-date=2019-07-22 |access-date=2019-07-23 |website=www.t-tel.org}}</ref> Ta hanyar kokarin Mista A.B. Sam, mai mulki na Komenda, an ba da gado ga Cocin Methodist na Ghana, a 1947 don a yi amfani da shi azaman kwalejin horo. Gwamnati ta yi wasu ayyukan gyare-gyare a kan gine-ginen don yin amfani da shi don ilimi. A ranar 11 ga Maris, 1948, an shigar da rukunin farko na dalibai masu ƙidaya maza arba'in don fara shirin farko na Cert 'B' na Malami na shekaru 2. A shekara ta 1952, kwalejin ta zama cibiyar koyarwa tare da rukunin farko na mata talatin. Shugaban farko na kwalejin shine Mista Lawrence Alfred Creedy, ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya.<ref name="Learning Hub - T-TEL" /> Taken kwalejin shine "Bep'''כ''' Kurow Hyer3n", ma'ana birni da aka kafa a kan tudu, yana haskakawa gaba. Abubuwan da mahaifin da ya kafa shi ya karɓa sun kasance; Kyakkyawan ilimi, Hidima ga Allah da Hidima ga bil'adama. Messrs R.C. Mensah, C.K. Penrose, Wonderful Dadson, K.A. Essuman da J.C.O. Okyere suna daga cikin masu koyar da kwalejin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Komenda College of Education |url=https://ti-mes.com/komenda-college-education/ |access-date=2019-07-23 |website=Ti-mes |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723134449/https://ti-mes.com/komenda-college-education/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Kwalejin ta wuce ta cikin shirye-shiryen ilimi masu zuwa:''' * Shekaru 2. Gaskiya "B". * Shekaru 4. Gaskiya "A". * Shekaru 2. Tabbas "A" (Post -Sec) * Shekaru 3. Masanin (Music & Art) * Shirin Modular na Shekaru 2 * Shekaru 3 Gaskiya "A" (Post -Sec) * Shekaru 4 (Diploma mara horo a Ilimi na asali) * Diploma na shekaru 3 a Ilimi na asali == Shahararrun ɗalibai == * Ama Bame Busia - 'yar siyasa; tsohon memba na Majalisar Jiha ta Ghana * [[Dora Francisca Edu-Buandoh]] - Masanin kimiyya; Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Cape Coast]] * Kwame Karikari - Jarida kuma masanin kimiyya; Darakta Janar na Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Ghana (1982-1984) * [[Samuel Atta Mills]] - memba na majalisa na mazabar Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem (2017-) * [[Kwamena Minta Nyarku]] - memba na majalisa na mazabar Cape Coast ta Arewa (2021-) * Titus Awotwi Pratt - Shugaban Bishop na Cocin Methodist na Ghana, 2014 - 2018 . == Shiri == A watan Yunin , 2021, kwalejin ta kaddamar da wani aikin da ake kira 'Ɗaya Ɗalibi, Ɗaya Itace' a matsayin wani ɓangare na Green Ghana Initiative wanda ya nemi gabatar da ɗalibai don dasa, kiyayewa da tabbatar da tsabtace muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=13 June 2021 |title=Komenda College of Education launches ‘One Student, One Tree’ Project. |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/komenda-college-of-education-launches-one-student-one-tree-project/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=News Ghana}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A watan Nuwamba , na shekara ta 2022, kwalejin sun lashe Kudancin Yankin Tattaunawar Inshora ta ƙasa don makarantun sakandare a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily Graphic |date=17 November 2022 |title=National Insurance Debate: Komenda College of Education wins southern zone |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-national-insurance-debate-komenda-college-of-education-wins-southern-zone.html |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref> == Sashen da Shirye-shiryen == # Lissafi / ICT <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Departments & Programmes |url=https://komendacollege.edu.gh/departments-programmes-2/ |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Komenda College of Education |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830234629/https://komendacollege.edu.gh/departments-programmes-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> # Harsuna <ref name=":0" /> # Ilimi <ref name=":0" /> # Kimiyya ta Jama'a <ref name=":0" /> # TVET <ref name=":0" /> # Kimiyya <ref name=":0" /> == Shugabannin == {| class="wikitable" |+Wadannan sun kasance shugabannin kwalejin: !Sunan !Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su |- |Mista LA Creedy |1948 -1962 |- |R.R. Okyne |1962-1971 |- |Rev. C.K. Assiaw-Dufu |1972-1978 |- |Mista J.A. Walker |1978-1980 |- |Mista Robert Mensah |1981-1986 |- |Mista Robert Mensah |1981-1986 |- |Mista Robert Mensah |1981-1986 |- |Mista Kismet Sagoe (Ag) |1992-1993 |- |Misis Rose Newman |1993-1998 |- |Mista J.K. Sekum (Ag) |1998-2000 |- |Mista J.K. Dadzie |2000-2006 |- |Ms. Gladys Annan Noonoo |2007- |- |Rev. Dr. Kwesi Nkum Wilson <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Moses |date=2023-05-09 |title=The Governing Council of Komenda College of Education Reappoints Principal for a Second Term |url=https://colemanpublication.com/komenda-college-of-education-reappoints-principal-for-a-second-term/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Coleman Publications |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821170113/https://colemanpublication.com/komenda-college-of-education-reappoints-principal-for-a-second-term/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |2023- |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} Abubuwan da aka haɗu daga Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Komenda. Dubi Talk:Komenda Koyar da MalamaiMagana: Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Komenda{{Colleges of Education in Ghana}} kmrehv1mkye7bzgoo21lod7t5381vpz 0 79915 887776 667604 2026-07-26T15:44:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Louis''' kwalejin ilimi ce a [[Kumasi]] (Gundumar Kumasi Metro, [[Yankin Ashanti]], [[Ghana]]). <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017 |date=2017-12-29 }}</ref> Kwalejin tana cikin yankin Ashanti / Brong Ahafo .Tana ɗaya daga cikin kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 46 da ke Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |title=National Accreditation Board, Ghana - Public Colleges of Education |access-date=2024-06-18 |archive-date=2016-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522135453/http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [[Transforming Teacher Education and Learning programme, Ghana|T-TEL]] na DFID.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kafa ta a watan Satumbar 1960 ta Diocese na Katolika na Kumasi kuma yana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba]]. A koda yasushe ana horar da mata a makarantan, amma an horar da maza na ɗan gajeren lokaci tsakanin 1974 da 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Louis College of Education - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/st-loius-college-of-education |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=www.t-tel.org}}</ref> == Tarihi == A watan Satumbar 1960, Diocese na Katolika na [[Kumasi]] ya kafa Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Louis . Shugaban farko shine Sr. Mary Consilli . Sr. Mary Vibiana da wasu ma'aikata uku ne suka taimaka mata. Daliban majagaba sun kasance talatin da biyar tare da Miss Grace Owusu a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin. Nana Otumfuo Osei Agyeman Prempeh II <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Reign Of Nana Osei Agyeman Prempeh II – Kingdom Of Asante |url=http://www.thekingdomofasante.com/the-reign-of-nana-osei-agyeman-prempeh-ii/ |access-date=2019-07-17 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2019-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717095725/http://www.thekingdomofasante.com/the-reign-of-nana-osei-agyeman-prempeh-ii/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya ba da gudummawar ƙasa mai faɗi don kafa kwalejin, amma abin takaici ƙasar ta mamaye, ta sa ba zai yiwu ba don fadada kayan aikin ababen more rayuwa. <ref name="Learning Hub - T-TEL">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |access-date=2019-07-17 |website=www.t-tel.org |archive-date=2019-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead }}</ref> Matsalar hakora da kwalejin ta fuskanta a farkon kwanakinta shine kudade. Dangane da wannan, an gudanar da shi tare da kudade daga albashin Shugaban da mataimakinsa, da kuma tallafi daga Diocese na Katolika na [[Kumasi]], hukumomin tallafi a kasashen waje da sauran masu fatan alheri na gida. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi, kwalejin ta wuce ta cikin shirye-shirye masu zuwa: Takardar shaidar Post Middle 'A' ta shekaru 4, Takardar shaidarsa ta Post Secondary 'A' na shekaru 3, kuma yanzu tana gudana da Diploma na shekaru 3 a Ilimi na asali. An amince da shi a matsayin cibiyar sakandare tun watan Satumba, 2007. <ref name="Learning Hub - T-TEL" /> Kwalejin koyaushe tana horar da mata sai dai na ɗan gajeren lokaci daga 1974/75 zuwa 1980/81 lokacin da ta horar da maza. A cikin shekara ta 1997/98, Kwalejin ta zama kwalejin horar da malamai na farko a Ghana don gudanar da karatun Kimiyya wanda Gidauniyar Rockefeller ta tallafawa ta hanyar ilimin mata a cikin Lissafi da Kungiyar Kimiyya wanda aka gabatar a cikin shekara ta 2004/05. Kwalejin tana da jimlar ma'aikatan 112, wanda ya kunshi ma'aikatan koyarwa 59 da ma'aikatan da ba ma'aikata 53 ba. Adadin dalibai na yau da kullun na shekara ta 2007/08 ya kai 906. Kwalejin tana gudanar da difloma a cikin shirin Ilimi na asali ga malamai 640 da ba a horar da su ba da kuma malamai 1,614 na takardar shaidar 'A' akan sandwich. Ayyukan ilimi na ɗaliban kwalejin sun kasance masu ƙarfafawa a tsawon shekaru. Kwalejin ta zo ta farko a gasar Quiz da aka shirya tsakanin kwalejojin horo goma na Ashanti-Brong / Ahafo (YankinASHBA). Har ila yau, ya ɗauki matsayi na farko a Gasar 'Bee' ta Kasa da Jami'ar Cape Coast ta shirya a matakin yanki, kuma ya zama na farko a matakin ƙasa. A cikin wasanni, Kwalejin Horar da St. Louis tana da rikodin da ake so a matakin yanki na ASHBA, kuma ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga ƙungiyar mata don yankin a Wasannin Kwalejin Koyarwa na Malamai na Kasa. Sauran nasarori masu ban mamaki sun hada da "''Ashanti Best Teacher Training College Golden Jubilee Independence Maris-past Award 2007''", da kuma sanyawa na farko a Gasar Gwarzon Jubilee na Ghana a [[Yankin Ashanti]]. Kwalejin tana da iyakantaccen ƙasa don fadada kayan aikin. Koyaya, an aiwatar da ayyukan da ke biyowa a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan: 16 Unit-Classroom Block wanda GETFund, Cibiyar ICT, Laburaren zamani da Cibiyar Kulawa duk an aiwatar da su tare da kudaden da aka samar a ciki. Kolejin yana da Ofishin Wakilin Dalibai, da Cibiyar Ba da Shawara wacce ke hidimtawa ba kawai ɗalibai ba, har ma da ɗaliban makarantar asali a yankin da ke kusa. Duk da kokarin fuskantar kalubalen kwalejin, har yanzu akwai karin da za a yi a fannonin ababen more rayuwa da sufuri. {| class="wikitable" |+Wadannan sune shugabannin da suka yi aiki a kwalejin tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, !Sunan !Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su |- |Mista Mary Consilli |1960 – 1979 |- |Misis Rosemond Asante-Frimpong |1979 – 1997 |- |Ms. Georgina Darling Ofori |1997 – 2006 |- |Misis Mary Anane Druyeh |2007 - 2013 |- |Rev. Fr. Francis Ababio |2013 (Ayyuka) |- |Dame (Mrs.) Mary Comfort Boakye Mensah |2013 zuwa yau |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == ih8t1vivfrxjkcpkg4xahyhjzndocbd 0 79923 887765 526022 2026-07-26T15:39:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kibi Presbyterian College of Education''' kwalejin koyar da malamai ce a [[Kibi, Ghana|Kibi]] ( Gundumar Akim ta Gabas, [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|Yankin Gabas]], [[Ghana]] ). <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017 |date=2017-12-29 }}</ref> Kwalejin tana cikin Gabas ko Babban yankin Accra. Yana ɗaya daga cikin kusan kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 40 a Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Accreditation Board, Ghana - Public Colleges of Education |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522135453/http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |archive-date=2016-05-22 |access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [https://t-tel.org/ T-TE] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-09 |title=Transforming Teaching Education and Learning - Homepage V2 - T-TEL |url=https://t-tel.org/ |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=T- tel |language=en-GB}}</ref> [https://t-tel.org/ L] da DFID ke bayarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Kwalejin ne a watan Oktoba 1963. Miss Martha Baehler ita ce shugabar kwalejin kuma tana da ma'aikatan farko na shida. An shigar da dalibai mata tamanin don bin karatun shekaru hudu. A farkon shekarun, ma'aikata da dalibai sun yi gwagwarmaya da matsalar rashin isasshen masauki. An gina wani bangare na gudanarwa don kwalejin a shekarar 1966. An fara aiki a kan ɗakin kwana da ɗakin aji a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1966/67 kwalejin tana da jimlar rajista kusan 200. Matsalar masauki har yanzu tana da yawa. 3 ne kawai daga cikin ma'aikatan 16 mazaunan fili. Lokaci mai mahimmanci na farkon shekarun gwagwarmaya don kafa babban Kwalejin nan gaba ya zo ne tare da gudanar da Sabis na yabo ga rukunin farko na ɗalibai don wucewa a Ikilisiyar Presbyterian ta Kibi tare da Moderator, Rt. Rev. G.K. Sintim Misa a matsayin ministan da ke aiki. Tsakanin 1970 da 1980, an gina bungalows da yawa na ma'aikata, ɗakin ajiya guda biyar, ɗakin kwana mai hawa biyu, da kuma gidan Kimiyya na Gida tare da gidan motsa jiki. A shekara ta 1972 an ba da wasu gine-gine a cikin ɗakin Kwalejin Horar da Maza ta Kibi, wanda aka fitar da shi shekara guda da ta gabata ga kwalejin. A shekara ta 1976, Kwalejin ta zama co-educational tare da shigar da dalibai maza goma sha shida. Daga nan aka sake masa suna Kibi Presbyterian Training College. Darussan da dalibai suka bi sun ci gaba da kasancewa shirin shekaru hudu na bayan tsakiya har zuwa 1988, lokacin da aka dakatar da karatun shekaru hudu a duk fadin kasar kuma aka maye gurbinsa da karatun sakandare na shekaru uku.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |archive-date=2019-07-22 |access-date=2019-07-26 |website=t-tel.}}</ref> Rukunin karshe na dalibai na shekaru hudu, da kuma rukuni na farko na dalibai masu shekaru uku na sakandare sun wuce a 1991. Lokacin daga rabi na biyu na shekarun 1990 zuwa yanzu an nuna shi ta hanyar ɗaga fuska da haɓaka. An gyara ɗakunan ajiya, dakunan kwana, ɗakin karatu da bungalows na ma'aikata. An inganta darasi da aka bayar zuwa difloma a Ilimi na asali a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2004. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2007 an ba kwalejin izini a matsayin cibiyar sakandare. An cika hangen nesa na wadanda suka kafa - samfuran sun mamaye dukkan bangarorin rayuwa kuma suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaban ilimi da na kasa.<ref name=":0"/> {| class="wikitable" |+Jerin shugabannin: !Sunan !Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su |- |Miss Martha Baehler |1963 – 1969 |- |Misis Elizabeth Addo |1970 – 1980 |- |Rev. Bruce K. Asare |1980 – 1988 |- |Mista E.O. Gyarteng |1988 –1995 |- |Rev. E.Y. Omenako |1995 - 2013 |- |Rev. Dr. B. N. Kyeremateng |2013 - 2017 |- |Rev. Charles Fosu Ayarkwa |2017 - |} == Ilimi == Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kibi Presbyterian tana ba da shirye-shiryen Bachelor of Education (B.Ed). <ref>{{Cite web |last=SchoolGH |date=2018-04-19 |title=Kibi Presbyterian College of Education Admission Forms 2019/2020 – coeportal.edu.gh |url=https://schoolgh.com/kibi-presbyterian-college-of-education-admission-forms/ |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=Schoolgh |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706171636/https://schoolgh.com/kibi-presbyterian-college-of-education-admission-forms/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwalejin kuma tana da shirye-shiryen ba da shawara ga masu horar da malamai masu digiri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sexual Abuse: Stay away; students not chicken to eat – Principal to Teachers |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Sexual-Abuse-Stay-away-students-not-chicken-to-eat-Principal-to-Teachers-659050 |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}</ref> === Shirye-shiryen da aka bayar === * B.Ed. Ilimi na Yara * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Ilimi na Firamare * B.Ed. Kimiyya da Lissafi * B. Ed I.C.T & Mathematics * B. Ed Kimiyya & I.C.T * B.Ed. Fasaha da Kwarewa * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Nazarin Jama'a * B.Ed. Faransanci * B.Ed. Janar == Gidajen == Kolejin yana da wurare masu zuwa a harabar; * Wani Ultra zamani Auditorium, dakunan kwana daban-daban na maza da mata, E. O. Gyarteng Library == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 9mcnq5f6euvb4hfy9bfou9zwt2lz1of 0 79926 887764 504098 2026-07-26T15:34:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Boys' Dormitory of Hong Kong Adventist College, Hong Kong Adventist College.JPG|thumb|kwalejin ilimi ta Adventist]] '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta Adventist''' kwalejin ilimi ce a Asokore (Sabon Gundumar Juaben, [[Ghana]]" Yankin Gabas Ghana). <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017 |date=2017-12-29 }}</ref> Kwalejin tana cikin yankin Gabas / Greater Accra . Yana daya daga cikin kimanin kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 40 a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Accreditation Board, Ghana - Public Colleges of Education |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522135453/http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |archive-date=2016-05-22 |access-date=2017-12-28}}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [[Canja Koyarwa, Ilimi da Ilimi|T-TEL]] na DFID.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana}}</ref> Kwalejin tana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=SDA College of Education - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/sda-college-of-education |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=www.t-tel.org |archive-date=2019-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705161156/https://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/sda-college-of-education |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:LogoUAP2.jpg|thumb|Tambarin Adventist]] Gwamnati ce ta kafa Kwalejin Ilimi ta SDA tare da hadin gwiwar Cocin SDA a ranar 26 ga Oktoba 1962 tare da dalibai 120. Kwalejin tana da nisan kilomita 84 daga Accra, babban birnin Ghana. Yana da yanki na hekta 35.9 (kimanin kadada 88.75). <ref name="Learning Hub - T-TEL">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |archive-date=2019-07-22 |access-date=2019-07-25 |website=www.t-tel.org}}</ref> Babban hukumar kula da Kwalejin ita ce Kwamitin Gwamnoni wanda Fasto Kwabena Twum, Shugaban Taron Gabashin Ghana na Ikilisiyar SDA ke jagoranta. == Ilimi == Kwalejin ilimi ta SDA tana ba da digiri a cikin Ilimi na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NAB |title=SDA College of Education |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/private-colleges-of-education/362-sda-college-of-education |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=National Accreditation Board |language=en-gb |archive-date=2019-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706163904/http://www.nab.gov.gh/private-colleges-of-education/362-sda-college-of-education |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Shirye-shiryen === # B.Ed Ilimi na Farko # B.Ed Ilimi na Firamare # B.Ed J.H.S Ilimi == Shahararrun ɗalibai == Fasto Dr. Seth A. Laryea, Shugaban Jami'ar Valley View a Oyibi, Accra . Fasto Dr. A. L. Ewoo Dokta D. R. Asafa, Mista Joshua Dokta Yaw Afari Ankoma Dokta Frederick Ocansey Farfesa Kwame Ameyaw Domfe. == Bayanan da aka ambata == aq76hskcnwuu5hjytybag05iy61ay95 0 79927 887763 815185 2026-07-26T15:33:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta Abetifi''' Presbyterian kwalejin ilimi ce a Abetifi-Kwahu (Kwahu East, Eastern, [[Ghana]]). <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017 |date=2017-12-29 }}</ref> Kwalejin tana cikin yankin Gabas / Greater Accra. Yana daya daga cikin kimanin kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 40 a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Accreditation Board, Ghana - Public Colleges of Education |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522135453/http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |archive-date=2016-05-22 |access-date=2017-12-28 |website=National Accreditation Board}}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [[Transforming Teacher Education and Learning programme, Ghana|T-TEL]] na DFID.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa kwalejin tare da karuwar ɗaliban maza a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 1952. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Presbyterian College of Education (Abetifi) - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/presbyterian-college-of-education-abetifi |access-date=2019-07-05 |website=t-tel.}}</ref> Abokan majagaba sun kasance ɗalibai maza 30. Cocin Presbyterian yana cikin iko da gudanarwa tare da marigayi Rev. H. T. Dako yana aiki a matsayin shugaban da aka nada. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1953, an canza sunan kwalejin zuwa Kwalejin Horar da Techiman - Abetifi, saboda an fara shirya shi a Techiman a yankin Brong Ahafo. An yi ƙoƙari don sake komawa kwalejin, amma a cikin 1962, an yanke shawarar ƙarshe don riƙe kwalejin a Abetifi. Saboda haka an sake sunan kwalejin Abetifi Training College. A shekara ta 1995, an canza sunan kwalejin zuwa Kwalejin Horar da Abetifi Presby, amma ya riƙe Acronym ABETICO, da kuma taken "GO FORTH AND SHINE". An fara kwalejin ne a matsayin kwalejin horar da maza kuma wurinsa yana cikin garin Abetifi a cikin gine-ginen haya. Dattawa biyu Opanin Addo Bruce da Yaw Tawiah (duka sun mutu) sun ba da gine-ginen su don zama kwalejin. An sami sabon shafin don kwalejin ta hanyar Nana Adontenhene na Kwahu da 'yan asalin garin Abetifi. Daga baya, an gina aji na raka'a shida don kwalejin. Daga wannan farkon, kwalejin ya tashi zuwa matsayinsa na yanzu dangane da ababen more rayuwa. Kolejin da farko ya ba da darasi na Cert 'B' na shekaru biyu har zuwa 1963, lokacin da aka maye gurbinsa da Takardar shaidar 'A' - darasi na shekaru 4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JAK! Give Teachers University Degrees |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/JAK-Give-Teachers-University-Degrees-124316 |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}</ref> Cire wasu kwalejojin horar da malamai a kasar a cikin shekara ta 1973/74 ya bukaci sake sanya dalibai daga Kwalejin Horar da Anum da Wiawso zuwa Kwalejin Ilimi ta Abetifi Presbyterian (ABETICO) A cikin shekara ta 1974/75 an shigar da maza saba'in a karo na farko a kwalejin shekaru biyu na horar da malamai. Daga cikin wannan rukunin ɗalibai akwai Rev. Herbert Anim Oppong (tsohon magatakarda na Babban Taron Ikilisiyar Presbyterian ta Ghana). Bayan yanke shawara don juya kwalejin zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Malamai, ba a shigar da wasu ɗalibai cikin kwalejin ba a lokacin 1975 zuwa 1976 da 1976 har zuwa shekarun ilimi na 1977. Kwalejin Ilimi ta Abetifi daga baya ta zama cibiyar haɗin gwiwa a lokacin shekara ta 1977/78 lokacin da aka shigar da rukunin farko na ɗaliban mata a kwalejin. Kwalejin ta shigar da daliban makafi a cikin shekara ta 1982/83. Wannan ya biyo bayan gabatarwar darasi na horar da malami na shekaru 2 a cikin 1984/85. Dukkanin darussan an cire su a ƙarshen shekara ta 1990/91. A farkon shekara ta 1987/88 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Sabon Gyaran Ilimi na 1987, kwalejin ta shigar da dalibai don fara takardar shaidar Malami 'A' na shekaru 3 bayan shirin horo na sakandare, tare da rukunin farko da suka kammala karatu a 1991. Kolejin yana ba da difloma na shekaru 3 a cikin Kwarewar Ilimi ta asali. An fara shirin ne a lokacin shekara ta 2004/2005 da kuma rukunin farko na dalibai 225 waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu a watan Yulin 2007. Kwalejin Ilimi ta Abetifi tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin kwalejin horar da malamai na ilimi da ke murna da cika shekaru 55 a shekara ta 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abetifi Presbyterian College marks 55th anniversary |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/150691/abetifi-presbyterian-college-marks-55th-anniversary.html |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1952, kwalejin ta fitar da malamai masu horar da 5,662 na nau'o'i daban-daban don kamfanonin ilimi na kasar. A cikin 2016, Kwalejin Ilimi ta Abetifi ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta yarjejeniya tare da Jami'ar Cape Coast . <ref>{{Cite web |last=louis.mensah |date=2016-07-02 |title=UCC and Colleges of Education sign MoU |url=https://ucc.edu.gh/news/ucc-and-colleges-education-sign-mou |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=University of Cape Coast |language=en |archive-date=2019-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706121015/https://ucc.edu.gh/news/ucc-and-colleges-education-sign-mou |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Kolejin ya kasance karkashin jagorancin masu zuwa: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |archive-date=2019-07-22 |access-date=2019-07-25 |website=t-tel.}}</ref> !Sunan !Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su |- |Rev. H.T. Dako |Fabrairu 1952 - Nuwamba 1965 |- |Rev. S.K. Yobo |Nuwamba 1965 - Satumba. 1973 |- |Mista D.A. Mamphey |Satumba 1973 - Satumba 1974 |- |Mista SA Birikorang |Satumba 1974 - Satumba 1982 |- |Mista Ofori Boahene |Satumba 1982 - Agusta 1987 |- |Mista E.K. Opoku |Agusta 1987 - Fabrairu 1995 |- |Rev. E. Osafo Boateng |Fabrairu 1995 - Oktoba 2002 |- |Rev. F.N. Appertey |Oktoba 2002 - |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/presbyterian-college-of-education-abetifi Gidan yanar gizon T-TEL] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fxe13iqsm4jt1rpx4ctc2oqqw0dqvke 0 79932 887773 785915 2026-07-26T15:43:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. John Bosco''' kwalejin ilimin malamai ce a Navrongo (Kassena Nankana East District, Upper East Region, [[Ghana]]) da aka kafa a shekarar 1946 tare da ɗalibai maza 10. <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017 |date=2017-12-29 }}</ref> Kwalejin ta zama cibiyar sakandare ta jama'a, wacce Dokar Kwalejin Ilimi (847) 2012 ta kafa, wacce Hukumar Kula da Ƙasashen Ghana ta amince da ita, kuma ta ba da izinin horar da malamai masu kyau don Ilimi na Pre-tertiary a Ghana.<ref name="sjb.edu.gh">{{Cite web |title=St. John Bosco's College of Education |url=https://sjb.edu.gh/ |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=St. John Bosco's College of Education |archive-date=2021-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826093100/https://sjb.edu.gh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>   Kwalejin ta ƙware wajen horar da malamai a fannoni masu yawa na zamantakewa, noma da Kimiyya mai tsabta, da kuma Kwamfuta, Lissafi, Fasaha da Kwarewa. Yana daya daga cikin kimanin kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 40 a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |title=National Accreditation Board, Ghana - Public Colleges of Education |access-date=2024-06-19 |archive-date=2016-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522135453/http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [[Transforming Teacher Education and Learning programme, Ghana|T-TEL]] na DFID.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. John Bosco a watan Janairun 1946 ta Ofishin Jakadancin Katolika. An shigar da dalibai maza goma don bin karatun 'B' na shekaru 2 na takardar shaidar malami ta tsakiya. Daga cikin dalibai goma, bakwai sun kammala karatun. Wannan darasi ya ƙare a 1961. St. John Bosco ta yi rikodin nasarori da yawa a fannin ilimi, wasanni da al'umma ko aikin zamantakewa tun lokacin da aka kafa ta. Kolejin bai taba samun kasa da kashi 80% a jarrabawar shekara-shekara da Cibiyar Ilimi, [[Jami'ar Cape Coast]] ta gudanar ba. Da yawa daga cikin wadanda suka kammala karatun kwalejin suna cikin manyan mukamai a kasar. A cikin wasanni, kwalejin ita ce mai saurin tafiya a tsakanin kwalejoji a Arewacin Ghana. Bosco ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ilimantar da cutar kanjamau / AIDS tsakanin dalibai musamman, da kuma jama'a a Gundumar Kassena-Nankana gabaɗaya.<ref name="Learning Hub - T-TEL">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |access-date=2019-07-26 |website=t-tel. |archive-date=2019-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Shugabannin tun lokacin da aka kafa kwalejin: !Sunan !Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su |- |Rev. Fr. Yarjejeniya |Fabrairu 1946 - Janairu 1954 |- |Rev. Fr. Lebel |Janairu 1954 - Janairu 1960 |- |Rev. Fr. Pwamang |Janairu 1960 - Satumba 1972 |- |Rev. Fr. J.W. Apuri |Satumba 1972 - Agusta 1979 |- |Mista Blay-Toffey |Agusta 1979 - Oktoba 1980 |- |Rev. Fr. Awiah |Nuwamba 1980 - Maris 1981 |- |Mista E.D. Zormal |Maris 1981 - Mayu 1981 |- |Mista B.K. Tsetse |Mayu 1981 - Nuwamba 1985 |- |Rev. Fr. Victor Phelen |Nuwamba 1985 - Disamba 1986 |- |Mista B.J.L. Kumasi |Disamba 1986 - Satumba 1989 |- |Misis Rosemary Weobong |Oktoba 1989 - Satumba 1998 |- |Mista Francis Agyeere |Oktoba 1998 - Fabrairu 2000 |- |Mista Alfred A. Ndago |Fabrairu 2000 - Agusta 2014 |- |Mista William A. Atindana |Satumba 2014 - Agusta 2020 |- |Farfesa Joseph Amikuzunu |Satumba 2020 - Ranar |} == Tsohon Shirye-shiryen == * Takardar shaidar 'A' Shekaru 4 (Post Middle) 1961-1969/ 1981-1995 * Takardar shaidar 'A' Shekaru 2 (Bayan Sakandare) 1970-1978 * Takardar shaidar kwararru a fannin Ilimi na Fasaha 1973-1978 * Takardar shaidar 'A' Shekaru 3 (Post- Secondary) Janar 1979-1988 * Takardar shaidar 'A' Shekaru 3 (Bayan Sakandare) Kimiyya 1989-1992 * Takardar shaidar 'A' Shekaru 3 Bayan Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha 1990-2003 * Shirin Modular na shekaru 2 don malamai marasa horo 1983-1989 * Diploma a cikin Ilimi na asali (shirye-shiryen yau da kullun) 2004 * Diploma a cikin Ilimi na asali (Sandwich) 2005 * Takardar shaidar 'A' shekaru 4 (Sandwich) 2006. == Sabbin Shirye-shiryen (na yanzu) == Digiri na farko na Ilimi, Makarantar Sakandare ta Junior ta shekaru 4 (Shirin Kwarewar Mataki), 2018 * B.Ed. Fasahar Sadarwa * B.Ed. Lissafi * B.Ed. Kimiyya * B.Ed. Kimiyya ta Noma * B.Ed. Ayyukan gani * B.Ed. Tattalin Arziki na Gida * B.Ed. Kwarewar Kwarewa Digiri na farko na Ilimi, Ilimi na Firamare na shekaru 4 == Bayanan da aka ambata == ab0i3kroplh68fs127hhlxcxm13sqbn 0 79933 887774 546772 2026-07-26T15:44:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Joseph''' kwalejin ilimi ce a Bechem (Gundumar Tano ta Arewa, [[Yankin Brong-Ahafo]], [[Ghana]]). <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017 |date=2017-12-29 }}</ref> Kwalejin tana cikin yankin Ashanti / Brong Ahafo . Yana daya daga cikin kimanin kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 40 a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |title=National Accreditation Board, Ghana - Public Colleges of Education |access-date=2024-06-19 |archive-date=2016-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522135453/http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [[Transforming Teacher Education and Learning programme, Ghana|T-TEL]] na DFID.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin 1948 ta Rev. Fr. Joseph Moulders. Ita ce kwalejin horo ta farko a yankin Brong-Ahafo kuma ta sami matsayin izini a 2007.Tana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Joseph's College of Education - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/st-josephs-college-of-education |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=www.t-tel.org}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Joseph an kafa ta ne a cikin 1948 ta Rev. Fr. Joseph Moulders, <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Joseph's College of Education was founded in 1948 by Rev. Fr. Joseph Moulders – Ghana Schools |url=https://allghschools.com/tag/st-josephs-college-of-education-was-founded-in-1948-by-rev-fr-joseph-moulders/ |access-date=2019-07-15 |language=en |archive-date=2019-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715165407/https://allghschools.com/tag/st-josephs-college-of-education-was-founded-in-1948-by-rev-fr-joseph-moulders/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Firist na Ikilisiyar Katolika a Bechem. A shekara ta 1947, Nana Fosu Gyeabour Akoto I, Bechemanhene da dattawansa sun ba da gudummawar ƙasar da aka gina kwalejin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |access-date=2019-07-15 |website=www.t-tel.org |archive-date=2019-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita ce kwalejin horo ta farko da aka kafa a [[Yankin Brong-Ahafo]] . Manufar kwalejin ita ce gina Cibiyar Horar da Malaman Katolika ta ƙwarewa wacce ke ba da cikakken ilimi don ci gaban ma'aikata da ɗalibai a shirye-shiryen malamai masu horo, masu sadaukarwa, masu ƙwarewa, masu kirkira da kishin ƙasa don Makarantu na asali a Ghana bayan misalin St. Joseph wanda ya yi biyayya, aiki tuƙuruwa kuma mai tsabta daidai da ka'idar kwalejin '''<nowiki/>'OBI DAN BI'''' (wanda ke tsaye don dogaro da juna don nagarta). <ref name=":0"/> Shirye-shiryen da aka bayar a Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Joseph: Takardar shaidar 'B' na shekaru biyu, Takardar shaidarsa 'A' na shekaru huɗu, Masanin Lissafi da Kimiyya, Shekaru biyu na Post-Secondary (Kwarewar Kasuwanci / Kwarewa) da Janar, Shekaru huɗu na Post Middle Certificate 'A', Modular, Shekaru uku na Post-Sacondary Certificate ' A', Kyautar Ilimi na asali, Sandwich don Malamai marasa horo, da Takardar shaidu 'A' malamai na Ilimi na Basic. Kwalejin ta yi rajistar maza ne kawai har zuwa 1974 lokacin da aka shigar da mata kuma suka zama ma'aikata masu gauraye. Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Joseph ta sami izini daga Hukumar Kula da Kasa (Ghana) daga 1 ga Satumba 2007. Shugaba [[John Kufuor]] ne ya gabatar da takardar shaidar amincewa. Kwalejin ta yi bikin Diamond jubilee tare da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa daga wasu nasarorin da ta samu. Daga cikin nasarorin akwai samar da manyan masu sana'a a cikin masana'antar ilimi, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da na jama'a na tattalin arzikin ƙasa, da aka kiyaye da kuma fadada kayan aikin da suka hada da Cibiyar Bayanai, Cibiyar Kimiyya, Laburaren, da Cibiyar E-Learning.<ref name=":0"/> Kwalejin ta yi fice a cikin wasanni da wasanni a Wasannin Kwalejin Horar da Kwalejin Ashanti / Brong Ahafo . Masu koyarwa na kwalejin sun lashe lambar yabo ta Malami mafi kyau a matakin Gundumar, Yankin da na Kasa. Kyautar Malami mafi kyau ta kasa ta farko (2007) a cikin fasahar Bayanai da Sadarwa (ICT) ta lashe ta Mista Matthew Adjei na kwalejin. Kafin ci gaban kwalejin, an ba da gudummawa daga Kwamitin Gwamnoni, Ma'aikata da Dalibai, Mafi yawan Rev. Peter A Sallyene, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Most Rev. Peter K. Atuahene {{!}} Ghana Catholic Bishops' Conference |url=https://www.cbcgha.org/index.php/most-rev-peter-k-atuahene/ |access-date=2019-07-15 |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715165412/https://www.cbcgha.org/index.php/most-rev-peter-k-atuahene/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Patron na kwalejin, Gwamnati, Nana Bechemanhene, GET FUND, TED, IFESH, MP da DCE Tano South, Old Joscodians, GTZ, GFW, JICA da sauransu. {| class="wikitable" |+Shugabannin da suka gudanar da kwalejin sune: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=St. Joseph's College of Education |date=25–27 May 2018 |title=Platinum Jubilee ( 70th Anniversary) Celebration and 10th Congregation |volume=2016/2017 Batch |pages=14}}</ref> !Sunan !Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su |- |Mista I.J. Nichilson |1948-1950 |- |Rev. Fr. R. Burges |Janairu 1951 - Disamba 1951 |- |Mista Me Kenna |1952-1956 |- |Mista Nkansah Dwamena (Ag.) |Janairu 1957 - Disamba 1957 |- |Mista S.I. Burke |Janairu 1958 - Disamba 1961 |- |Mista Vincent Ayivor |Janairu 1962 - Agusta 1973 |- |M.K. Amissah (Ag.) |Satumba 1973 - Agusta 1974 |- |Mista John Anquandah |Satumba 1974 - Agusta 1980 |- |Mista I.F.. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Satumba 1980 - Agusta 1983 |- |Mista Plas M. Otwe |Satumba 1983 - Afrilu 1992 |- |Mista Samuel Anning (Ag.) |Mayu 1992 - Agusta 1992 |- |Mista L.A. Andoh |Satumba 1992 - Maris 1997 |- |Ms. Cordelia M. Boakye Yiadom |Afrilu 1997 - Mayu 2003 |- |Misis BA Prempeh (Ag.) |Mayu 2003 - Oktoba 2003 |- |Mista C.D.B. Mensah |Oktoba 2003 - Yuni 2009 |- |Mista Anthony Agyeman (Ag) |Yuni 2009 - Agusta 2010 |- |Misis Cecilia Quansah |Satumba 2010 - Mayu 2013 |- |Ms. Elizabeth Oti Akenten (Ag) |Mayu 2013 - Satumba 2013 |- |Rev. Msgr. Matthew Addai |Satumba 2013 - har zuwa yau |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == gf4ugk7n6dqrk8qnmv5ufs80wn7pti1 0 79934 887770 456055 2026-07-26T15:42:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Ambrose''' kwalejin ilimi ce a [[Dormaa Akwamu]] (Dormaa East District, Brong Ahafo Region, [[Ghana]]). <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017 |date=2017-12-29 }}</ref> Kwalejin tana cikin yankin Ashanti / Brong Ahafo . Yana daya daga cikin kimanin kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 40 a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |title=National Accreditation Board, Ghana - Public Colleges of Education |access-date=2024-06-19 |archive-date=2016-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522135453/http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [[Transforming Teacher Education and Learning programme, Ghana|T-TEL]] na DFID. An kafa shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2009 ta Diocese na Katolika na Sunyani kuma an ba da izini a hukumance a watan Janairun shekara ta 2011. A cikin shekara ta 2016-2017 ta zama Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jama'a. Tana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Cape Coast]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>Manufar kafa Kwalejin Ilimi a Dormaa Akwamu ta kasance ta hanyar Dormaa Akwamuhene, Barima Oppong Kyeremeh Sikafo (aka Nana Kojo Danso-Mensah), tsohon Mataimakin Mai Rijistar da ke kula da Gudanarwa na Jami'ar Cape Coast. Ya bi wannan mafarki ta hanyar roƙon Babban Jami'in Katolika na Sunyani don ya zama gaskiya wanda ya kai ga kafa Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Ambrose a Dormaa Akwamu . == Bayanan da aka ambata == fisdwauo3udhya2umg347tzh05znx1p 0 79935 887772 503274 2026-07-26T15:43:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana editathon.jpg|thumb|Ilimi]] '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Francis''' kwalejin ilimi ce a Hohoe (Gundumar Hohoe, [[Yankin Volta]], [[Ghana]]). <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017 |date=2017-12-29 }}</ref> Kwalejin tana cikin yankin Volta . Yana daya daga cikin kimanin kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 40 a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |title=National Accreditation Board, Ghana - Public Colleges of Education |access-date=2024-06-19 |archive-date=2016-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522135453/http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [[Transforming Teacher Education and Learning programme, Ghana|T-TEL]] na DFID.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Francis Hohoe ya samo asali ne daga farkon kwanakin ayyukan mishan na Jamus lokacin da aka fara buɗe shi a Gbi Bla sannan kuma wani ɓangare na tsohuwar yankin Jamus na Togo Land. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Kwalejin ta kasance mai rikici.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |access-date=2019-07-29 |website=www.t-tel.org |archive-date=2019-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead }}</ref> St. Francis Training College of Catholic foundation an kafa shi ne ta hanyar Mishaneri na Katolika na Jamus, amma an rufe shi bayan shekaru uku kuma an cire shi zuwa Agbedrafo a Togo (yanzu Jamhuriyar Togo). An sake buɗe shi a 1912 kuma an sake rufe shi sakamakon Yaƙin Duniya na farko (1914 - 1918). A wani taron shugabannin mishaneri a Accra a watan Agusta, 1929, an sake buɗe Kwalejin a Gbi Bla a matsayin cibiyar horar da karkara. A cikin 1930, an fara aiki a kan sauya cibiyar zuwa kwalejin horo. A watan Janairun 1931, an bude kwalejin tare da dalibai 18 daga marigayi Bishop Augustine Herman kuma an sake masa suna Kwalejin Horar da St. Francis tare da Rev. Fr. J. G. Holland a matsayin shugaban. A cikin 1934, an sake rufe kwalejin, kuma an cire shi zuwa Amisano. Kwalejin ta zama kwalejin horar da malamai na shekaru 2 'B' lokacin da aka buɗe ta a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1947 saboda kokarin da Bishop J. G. Holland ya yi. Ma'aikatan farko sun kasance hudu: baƙi biyu daya daga cikinsu Mr. G. J. Finnegan, shine shugaban, Mr. Hugh O" Kelly, Mataimakin Shugaban; da 'yan Afirka biyu, Mr. P. K. Akoto-Ampaw da Mr. V. K. Ayivor. Daliban majagaba sun kai talatin.<ref name=":0"/> A shekara ta 1954, an shigar da mata talatin cikin kwalejin, wanda ya sa kwalejin ta zama cibiyar ilimi. Shirin takardar shaidar 'B' na shekaru biyu ya ƙare a 1962, kuma an gabatar da takardar shaidarsa ta 'A' na shekaru hudu. An ba da darasi na kwararren tarihi na shekaru biyu tsakanin 1964 da 1967. An cire wannan darasi zuwa Kwalejin Horar da Malamai a Winneba. A shekara ta 1968, wasu maza saba'in da mace sun haɗu da ɗaliban karatun shekaru huɗu don takardar shaidar 'A' ta shekaru biyu. A watan Satumbar 1973, an gabatar da darasi na Kwararren Kimiyya da Lissafi na shekaru biyu. Kwalejin St. Francis ta kasance daga cikin kwalejojin horar da malamai 38 da Hukumar Kula da Kasa (Ghana) ta ba da izini ga cibiyar sakandare a watan Satumba, 2007 don bayar da difloma a cikin shirin Ilimi na asali. FRANCO ta kasance ta farko a cikin kwalejojin lokacin da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Jami'ar Cape Coast ta fitar da sakamakon karshe na Diploma a Ilimi na asali. FRANCO ta ga bikin cika shekaru dari a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008. <ref name=":0"/> {| class="wikitable" |+Jerin Shugabannin !Sunan !Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su |- |Mista M.H. Coleman |1950-1961 |- |Mista P.K. Akoto-Ampaw |1961-1974 |- |Mista P.Y. Kojokumah |1974-1983 |- |Mista J.A. Lenwah |1983-1998 |- |Mista I.W.K. Dorleku |1998-2002 |- |Ms. C.M.B. Agbettoh (Ag.) |2002-2003 |- |Mista M.K. Agbenuvor |2003- |} == Shahararrun ɗalibai == Yawancin samfuran kwalejin sun rike manyan mukamai a kasar, alal misali, * Yaw Asare, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da marubucin wasan kwaikwayo * Farfesa Amuzu Kpeglo * Mai Girma Modestus Ahiable * Farfesa C. K. Fordunoo * Mista C. K. Dewornu tsohon I.G.P. * Mista Kumedzro * Farfesa Alex * Farfesa Paschal Younge na Jami'ar Ohio * Dokta Addeah Koranteng. == Bayanan da aka ambata == i79hc0cbs7e3marzmkip34vw7h4yyvw 0 79936 887777 671526 2026-07-26T15:45:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Teresa''' kwalejin ilimi ce a Hohoe (Gundumar Hohoe, [[Yankin Volta]], [[Ghana]]). <ref name="atlas">Björn Haßler, Jacob Tetteh Akunor, Enock Seth Nyamador (2017). An Atlas of The Forty Colleges of Education in Ghana. Available under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Available at http://bjohas.de/atlas2017 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229171851/http://bjohas.de/Atlas2017 |date=2017-12-29 }}</ref> Kwalejin tana cikin yankin Volta. Yana daya daga cikin kimanin kwalejojin ilimi na jama'a 40 a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |title=National Accreditation Board, Ghana - Public Colleges of Education |access-date=2024-06-19 |archive-date=2016-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522135453/http://www.nab.gov.gh/public-colleges-of-education |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [[Transforming Teacher Education and Learning programme, Ghana|T-TEL]] na DFID.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Kwalejin Ilimi ta St. Teresa, wata cibiyar mata, wacce aka fara kiranta Kwalejin Horar da Mata (WOTRACO) an kafa ta ne a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1961 tare da dalibai 35 na majagaba. Kolejin ya kafa shi ne ta hanyar Ubangiji Rt. Rev. Anthony Konings wanda shi ne Bishop na Keta Diocese . <ref name="Learning Hub - T-TEL">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |access-date=2019-07-29 |website=www.t-tel.org |archive-date=2019-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead }}</ref> An canza sunan Kwalejin zuwa Kwalejin Horar da St. Teresa a 1964 lokacin da aka sanya ma'aikatar a ƙarƙashin kulawar St. Teresa na Yaron Yesu kuma ya karɓi taken "Rayuwa da Gaskiya a cikin Kyauta". Kwalejin ta gaji wurin zama na Sisters" Convent wanda ke da gine-gine masu hawa biyu da bungalow ɗaya. Tsakanin 1963-1967 an gina gine-gine da yawa don aikin ilimi da zama. Gwamnati ta sanya ɗakin aji na 6 da ɗakin karatu a cikin 2007. <ref>[https://mosartlabs.com/7-reasons-why-final-year-students-should-start-learning-vlsi-now/ Art of VLSI]</ref><ref>[https://mosartlabs.com/7-reasons-why-final-year-students-should-start-learning-vlsi-now VLSI Course]</ref> A shekara ta 1975, gwamnati ta canza kwalejin zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Malamai ba tare da son Dioceses ba. An sake gabatar da shirin horar da malamai a cikin 1977 tare da shigar da maza ban da ɗaliban mata. A cikin shekara ta 1990/1991 an mayar da ita ga matsayinta na asali a matsayin ma'aikatar mata. Kwalejin, a lokacin da aka kafa ta ta ba da takardar shaidar 'B' na shekaru 2. An shigar da rukunin farko na Takardar shaidar 'A' na shekaru 4 a cikin 1962/63 . {| class="wikitable" |+Shugabannin kwalejin tun daga 1961 sune: !Sunan !Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su |- |Ms. Catherine Bagley |1961 – 1962 |- |Ms. Eleanor Staunton |1962 – 1970 |- |Misis Justine Adjah (Ag.) |1970 – 1973 |- |Ms. Cecilia Y. Tibu |1973 – 1978 |- |Misis Gladys B. Ahiabu |1978 – 1990 |- |Misis Matilda Louisa Asamoah (Ag). |1990 |- |Misis Benedicta A. N. Tiriku |1990 – 2001 |- |Ms. Josephine Rita Yempew |2001 – 2008 |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == avmnwcgqztk6y1h4va1fbcrhdg2x92g 0 84228 887865 875166 2026-07-26T19:48:06Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tabkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan ammah wuta sun toshe mashikin Tabkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, wadanda suka taso tsakanin Tabkin Kivu da Tabkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tabkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tabkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tabkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tabkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tabkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin Kasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma fadinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi fadi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin fadin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} azoqvo0vmfxkbsmx41u22zvvnaws1ny 887866 887865 2026-07-26T19:48:39Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tabkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan ammah wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, wadanda suka taso tsakanin Tabkin Kivu da Tabkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tabkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tabkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tabkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tabkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tabkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin Kasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma fadinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi fadi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin fadin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} qvop35glknoz71nr4lpnkfnedmbscr3 887867 887866 2026-07-26T19:49:41Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tabkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan ammah wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, wadanda suka taso tsakanin Tabkin Kivu da Tabkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tabkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tabkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tabkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tabkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tabkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin ƙasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma faɗinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi fadi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin fadin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} 74s7hqxd3ykbej69yihdu1hwel2mhfm 887868 887867 2026-07-26T19:50:31Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tafkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan ammah wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, wadanda suka taso tsakanin Tabkin Kivu da Tafkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tabkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tabkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tabkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tabkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tabkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin ƙasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma faɗinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi fadi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin fadin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} 4u2oiix6y151sonhpuccvdhd21kbmre 887869 887868 2026-07-26T19:52:00Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tafkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan aman wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, wadanda suka taso tsakanin Tabkin Kivu da Tafkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tabkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tabkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tabkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tabkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tabkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin ƙasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma faɗinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi fadi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin faɗin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} 379gkh0g2twmkky3bquprzglas4dqbu 887870 887869 2026-07-26T19:52:32Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tafkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan aman wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, wadanda suka taso tsakanin Tabkin Kivu da Tafkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tabkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tabkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tabkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tabkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tabkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin ƙasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma faɗinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi faɗi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin faɗin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} i1cvtz9f90x39mzecd5ns2ddp699s0n 887871 887870 2026-07-26T19:54:11Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tafkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan aman wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, wadanda suka taso tsakanin Tabkin Kivu da Tafkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tabkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tabkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tafkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tafkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tabkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin ƙasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma faɗinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi faɗi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin faɗin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} 8bo7idfiklbdk5un9mtf7xn8hyub2xs 887872 887871 2026-07-26T19:55:09Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tafkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan aman wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, wadanda suka taso tsakanin Tafkin Kivu da Tafkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tafkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tabkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tafkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tafkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tabkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin ƙasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma faɗinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi faɗi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin faɗin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} i14gvfwa911841r25vcj64nonpk3yhr 887878 887872 2026-07-26T20:16:50Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tafkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan aman wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, wadanda suka taso tsakanin Tafkin Kivu da Tafkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tafkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tabkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tafkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tafkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tabkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin ƙasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma faɗinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi faɗi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin faɗin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} 77h3681qxcozcs7tpl0bv7cpfsy0f4e 887879 887878 2026-07-26T20:17:55Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tafkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan aman wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, waɗanda suka taso tsakanin Tafkin Kivu da Tafkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tafkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tabkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tafkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tafkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tafkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin ƙasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma faɗinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi faɗi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin faɗin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tabki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} 6be7tnm8yc9rb4rrhtxd6yhfe6n8n0n 887883 887879 2026-07-26T20:19:13Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tabkin Kivu''' ({{Audio|LL-Q33573 (kin)-NDAHIMANA FRANK (NDAHIMANA FRANK PORTER)-KIVU.wav|pronunciation}}) yana daya daga cikin Manyan Tabkunan Afirka.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Yana kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo da Ruwanda, kuma yana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yamma na Rift din Gabashin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=H.-K. |last2=Herzen |first2=R. P. |date=1974-06-01 |title=A Geophysical Study of Lake Kivu, East Africa |journal=Geophysical Journal International |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=371–389 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.1974.tb04091.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1974GeoJ...37..371W |issn=0956-540X}}</ref> Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa cikin Kogin Ruzizi, wanda ke gudu zuwa kudu zuwa cikin Tabkin Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Gisenyi (6817417653).jpg|alt=|thumb|Gabar tafkin Kivu a Gisenyi, Ruwanda]] A baya, Tabkin Kivu yana malala ne zuwa arewa, yana ba da gudummawa ga Farar Nile. Kimanin shekaru 13,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, ayyukan aman wuta sun toshe mashikin Tafkin Kivu zuwa madatsar ruwan Nile.<ref name="Danley">{{cite journal|last1=Danley|first1=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|pmc=3408716|year=2012|last2=Husemann|first2=Martin|last3=Ding|first3=Baoqing|last4=Dipietro|first4=Lyndsay M.|last5=Beverly|first5=Emily J.|last6=Peppe|first6=Daniel J.|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> Aman wutar ya samar da duwatsu, ciki har da Duwatsun Virunga, waɗanda suka taso tsakanin Tafkin Kivu da Tafkin Edward, zuwa arewa.<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|page=34|access-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> Ruwa daga Tafkin Kivu sai aka tursasa shi zuwa kudu ta cikin Ruzizi. Wannan, bi da bi, ya daga matakin Tafkin Tanganyika, wanda ya ambaliya ta Kogin Lukuga.<ref name="Danley"/> Tafkin Kivu yana daya daga cikin tabkuna uku a duniya, tare da Tabkin Nyos da Tafkin Monoun, wadanda ke fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa (CO2)). Kasan tafkin kuma yana dauke da iskar gas ta methane (CH4). Idan fashewar limnic ta faru, rayuwar mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a kusa za ta kasance cikin hadari. ==Yanayin ƙasa== Tabkin Kivu yana da tsayin kusan 42 km kuma faɗinsa ya kai 50 km a mafi faɗi.<ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|url-access=registration|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/206 206]–207|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> Siffarsa maras daidaituwa tana sa auna madaidaicin faɗin samansa ya zama mai wahala; an kiyasta cewa ya mamaye fadin saman kusan 2700 km2, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tafki na takwas mafi girma a Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-lakes-in-africa.html|title=The Largest Lakes in Africa|website=WorldAtlas|date=15 June 2020 }}</ref> Saman tabkin yana zaune ne a tsayin 1460 m sama da matakin teku. Wannan tabki yana da damar fuskantar fashewar limnic duk bayan shekaru 1000.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Tabkin yana da zurfin mita 475 a mafi zurfi da kuma matsakaicin zurfi na mita 220, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama tafki na ashirin mafi zurfi a duniya ta fuskar mafi zurfi, kuma na sha uku ta fuskar matsakaicin zurfi.<ref name="readersnatural" /> Kasan tabkin yana kan kwarin rift wanda ke rabe a hankali, yana haifar da ayyukan aman wuta a yankin. Tsibiri na goma mafi girma a duniya a cikin tabki, Idjwi, yana cikin Tabkin Kivu. === Yanayin zaman jama'a === Kimanin murabba'in kilomita 1,370 ko kashi 58 na ruwan tabkin yana cikin iyakokin DRC.<ref name=":0" /> Garuruwan da ke gabar tabkin sun hada da Bukavu, Kabare, Kalehe, Sake da Goma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sai kuma Gisenyi, Kibuye, da Cyangugu a Ruwanda. A farkon shekarar 2025, yayin yakin M23, dakarun sojin Ruwanda da Kungiyar M23 sun mamaye dukkan garuruwan da ke gefen tabkin na Kongo, inda aka kwace babban birnin lardin Goma a watan Janairu kuma dukkan garuruwan suna karkashin ikon M23 tun daga farkon watan Maris.<ref name=":015">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2025 |title=RDC: sur les 8 territoires que compte le Sud-Kivu, 7 sont désormais sous occupation après l'arrivée sans combat des rebelles de l'AFC/M23 au territoire insulaire d'Idjwi |trans-title=DRC: Of the eight territories in South Kivu, seven are now under occupation following the arrival of AFC/M23 rebels in the island territory of Idjwi without a fight |url=https://actualite.cd/index.php/2025/03/14/rdc-sur-les-8-territoires-que-compte-le-sud-kivu-7-sont-desormais-sous-occupation-apres |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=Actualite.cd |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Maris, M23 ta sauka a tsibirin Idjwi, inda ta mamaye shi ba tare da wani juriya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congo War Security Review, March 4, 2025 |url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/congo-war-security-review/congo-war-security-review-march-4-2025 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Critical Threats}}</ref> ==Kemistri== Tabkin Kivu tabki ne na meromictic wanda ke dauke da ruwa mai dadi a samansa kuma yake kara gishiri yayin da ake zurfafa gudanarwa, tare da gishiri da ke kusantar 6 g/kg kusa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sommer |first1=Tobias |last2=Schmid |first2=Martin |last3=Wüest |first3=Alfred |date=2019 |title=The role of double diffusion for the heat and salt balance in Lake Kivu |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lno.11066 |journal=Limnology and Oceanography |language=en |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=650–660 |doi=10.1002/lno.11066 |bibcode=2019LimOc..64..650S |issn=1939-5590}}</ref> Tare da Tabkin Nyos na Kamaru da Tabkin Monoun, Tabkin Kivu yana daya cikin tabkuna uku da aka sani da fuskantar fashewar limnic (inda juyawar sassan ruwa mai zurfi ke sakin carbon dioxide mai narkewa). Kewaye da tabkin, masu bincike sun gano shaidar bacewar halittu masu yawa a cikin gida kusan kowane shekaru dubu, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana faruwa ne sakamakon fitar iskar gas. Dalilin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwa a Tabkin Kivu ba a sani ba, amma ana zargin ayyukan aman wuta da sauyin yanayi duka biyu.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fowkes |first1=Neville |last2=Mason |first2=David |last3=Hutchinson |first3=A.J. |title=Proceedings of the Mathematics in Industry Study Group: Emissions from Lake Kivu |date=2018 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |isbn=978-0-9870336-8-0 |pages=27–73 |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/media/wits-university/conferences/misgsa/documents/2018/LakeKivuReportRefereedFinal.pdf |access-date=11 October 2022}}</ref> Sinadaran iskar gas na tabkuna masu fashewa sun bambanta ga kowane tabki. A yanayin Tabkin Kivu, ya hada da methane (CH4) da carbon dioxide (CO2), sakamakon mu'amalar ruwan tabkin da magudanar ruwan zafi na aman wuta.<ref name="Wenz">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/knowable-100720-1|title=The danger lurking in an African lake|year=2020|last1=Wenz|first1=John|journal=Knowable Magazine|s2cid=225118318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Adadin methane da ke kasan tabkin an kiyasta ya kai 65 km3. Idan aka kona shi a masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani ta hadin gwiwa (combined-cycle), wannan adadin na methane zai iya samar da kusan megawatt 40,000 na tsawon shekara guda, wanda ya yi daidai da karfin wutar lantarki har sau shida na madatsar ruwa ta Grand Coulee Dam a lokacin kololuwar ruwan bazara. Tabkin kuma yana dauke da kimanin 256 km3 na carbon dioxide wanda, idan aka sake shi a lokacin fashewa, zai iya shake dukkan mazauna gabar tabkin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/explosive-hazard-hiding-african-lake-180976024/|title=The Explosive Hazard Hiding in an African Lake|work=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> Zafin ruwan ya kai 24 °C, kuma ma'auninsa na pH yana kusa da 7 a yankin da ba shi da iskar oxygen, da kuma kusa da 9 a ruwan da ke da iskar oxygen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Njala University, Sierra Leone |last2=Olapade |first2=Oj |last3=Omitoyin |first3=Bo |last4=University of Ibadan, Nigeria |date=2012-08-03 |title=Anthropogenic pollution impact on physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, Rwanda |journal=African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development |volume=12 |issue=53 |pages=6517–6536 |doi=10.18697/ajfand.53.9840|hdl=1807/55851 |s2cid=70874696 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An bayyana cewa kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da methane ta hanyar rage CO2 na aman wuta.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Nayar | first1 = Anjali | year = 2009 | title = A lakeful of trouble | journal = Nature | volume = 460 | issue = 7253| pages = 321–323 | doi=10.1038/460321a| pmid = 19606123 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Juyawar ruwa a gaba da sakin iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwan Tabkin Kivu zai haifar da mummunan bala'i, wanda zai sha gaban tarihin juyawar ruwa da aka gani a tabkunan Nyos da Monoun wadanda suka fi kankanta. Rayuwar kusan mutane miliyan biyu da ke zaune a yankin kwatami na tabkin za ta kasance cikin barazana.<ref name="Wenz"/> Samfuran kasa da aka debo daga yankin Bukavu Bay na tabkin sun nuna cewa kasan yana da shimfidar ma'adanai na monohydrocalcite da ke hade da diatoms, a saman lallaken sapropelic mai dauke da sinadarin pyrite mai yawa. Ana samun wadannan a matakai guda uku daban-daban. An yi amanna cewa lallaken sapropelic yana da alaka da fitar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa kuma diatoms suna da alaka da yaduwar tsiro wanda ya rage matakin carbon dioxide har ya sa monohydrocalcite ya yi kwasfa.<ref>"Stoffers, P., and Fischbeck, R. (1974) Monohydrocalcite in the sediments of Lake Kivu (East Africa) ''Sedimentology'', 21, 163–170.</ref> Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen cewa isasshen haduwar aman wuta da kasan ruwan tabkin mai dauke da iskar gas mai yawa zai dumama ruwan, ya tursasa methane fitowa daga ruwan, ya haifar da fashewar methane, sannan ya janyo sakin carbon dioxide kusan a lokaci guda, koda yake shigar mita cubic miliyan 1 na danyen aman wuta (lava) lokacin fashewar watan Janairu na shekarar 2002 bai yi wani tasiri ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seach |first=John |date=January 17–25, 2002 |title=Archived Volcano News - John Seach |url=https://volcanolive.com/news16.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=volcanolive.com}}</ref><ref name=solidarites> {{cite web | url=https://www.eawag.ch/forschung/surf/gruppen/kivu/publications/Halbwachs_2002_Investigations_in_Lake_Kivu.pdf | title=Investigations in Lake Kivu (East Central Africa) after the Nyiragongo Eruption of January 2002: Specific study of the impact of the sub-water lava inflow on the lake stability | publisher=Solidarities | author=Halbwachs| date=2002-03-09 | access-date=2012-12-21 |display-authors=etal}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040917101646/http://www.eawag.ch/research_e/apec/Scripts/Lorke_publication_lake_kivu_2002.pdf mirror] </ref> Carbon dioxide din zai shake dimbin mutane a yankin kwatami na tabkin yayin da iskar gas din ke shawagi a saman ruwan. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tabkin zai iya haifar da tsunamin tabki yayin da iskar gas din ke fashewa daga cikinsa.<ref name="Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 21, 2015 |title=Rwanda and DRC Sign Agreement Over L. Kivu Methane Gas Exploration |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/rwanda-and-drc-sign-agreement-over-l-kivu-methane-gas-exploration/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Killer Lakes">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2002 |title=Killer Lakes - Transcript |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakestrans.shtml |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=BBC}}</ref><ref>[http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ "In the Shadow of Doom"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142857/http://walrusmagazine.ca/articles/2006.05-field-notes-in-the-shadow-of-doom/ |date=2007-09-28 }}, ''The Walrus'', May 2006</ref> An fara fahimtar hadarin da Tabkin Kivu ke fuskanta ne yayin nazarin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan a Tabkin Nyos. Da farko an dauki methane na Tabkin Kivu a matsayin arha na albarkatun kasa kawai don fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da samar da wutar lantarki mai sauki. Da zarar an fara fahimtar hanyoyin da ke haifar da juyawar ruwan tabkin, sai kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da tabkin ke haifarwa ga mazauna yankin ya karu. An sanya bututun iska na gwaji a Tabkin Nyos a shekarar 2001 don fitar da iskar gas daga zurfafan ruwa, amma irin wannan mafita ga Tabkin Kivu wanda ya fi girma nesa ba kusa ba zai kasance mai tsada sosai. Kimanin tan miliyan 500 na carbon dioxide da ke cikin tabkin yana kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na adadin da bil'adam ke sakewa duk shekara ta hanyar kona man fetur. Don haka, tsarin sakin sa na iya haifar da farashi fiye da ginin tsarin da sarrafa shi kawai. Wannan matsalar da ke da alaka da yaduwar methane ita ce ta mazuku, kalmar Swahili da ke nufin "mummunar iska" don fitar da methane da carbon dioxide da ke kashe mutane da dabbobi, kuma tana iya kashe shuke-shuke lokacin da take da yawa. ===Hakar Methane=== [[File:Methane extraction platform at Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Wani dandamalin hakar methane a Tabkin Kivu, Gisenyi, Ruwanda.|alt=]] Kwanan nan an gano cewa Tabkin Kivu yana dauke da kusan mita cubic biliyan 55 na iskar gas mai narkewa a zurfin mita 300. Har zuwa shekarar 2004, ana gudanar da aikin hakar iskar gas ne a kan karamin sikeli, inda ake amfani da iskar gas din da aka hako wajen gudanar da tukunyar jirgi a kamfanin giya na Bralirwa a Gisenyi.<ref>[http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm "Case Studies : Recovery of Gas from Lake Kivu – The Goats of Rwanda"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060224004457/http://www.avec.co.za/casestudies/cs_08.htm|date=2006-02-24}}, Added Value Engineering Consultants, accessed 4 May 2007</ref><ref name=powerhouse>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6624395.stm |title=Rwanda's Underwater Powerhouse |date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=2008-02-05 |author=Adam Mynott |work=BBC News}}</ref> Dangane da yin amfani da wannan albarkatun a kan babban sikeli, gwamnatin Ruwanda ta tattauna da bangarori da dama don hakar methane daga tabkin. A shekarar 2011 ContourGlobal, wani kamfanin makamashi na kasar Burtaniya da ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwanni masu tasowa, ya sami tallafin kudi don kaddamar da babban aikin hakar methane. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar wata kungiyar Ruwanda ta cikin gida mai suna KivuWatt Power Station, ta yin amfani da dandamalin jirgin ruwa na teku don hako, rabuwa, da tsabtace iskar gas da aka samu daga kasan tabkin kafin a tura methane mai tsafta ta bututun karkashin ruwa zuwa injinan gas na kan gaba. An kammala matakin farko na aikin, wanda ke sarrafa injina guda uku a gabar tabkin da kuma samar da MW 26 na wutar lantarki ga grid na cikin gida. Mataki na gaba yana da nufin tura ƙarin injina guda tara a 75 MW don samar da jimillar ƙarfin 101 MW.<ref name="contourglobal">{{cite web|url=http://www.contourglobal.com/asset/kivuwatt|title=Assets: KivuWatt|publisher=ContourGlobal|access-date=2018-04-02}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an bai wa Symbion Power Lake Kivu Limited yarjejeniyar rangwame da yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki (PPA) a shekarar 2015, don samar da MW 50 na wutar lantarki ta amfani da methane na Tabkin Kivu. Ana sa ran za a fara aikin gine-gine a shekarar 2019, tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta farko (Mataki na 1 - 14 MW) a cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2020. An tsara masana'antar ta fara aiki sosai a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065702/http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/rw/index.php?id=19&tx_ttnews&#91;tt_news&#93;=129&cHash=127294a548d8a3eb621a32c693938624 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mininfra.gov.rw/digital-transformation-1-1 |title=Energy Division |website=MININFRA |access-date=July 14, 2021}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Symbion Power ya sayi wani rangwame na karin MW 25 kuma a halin yanzu suna tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar PPA tare da Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Ruwanda wanda zai iya ganin an aika MW 8 na wutar lantarki zuwa Grid watanni shida bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar PPA. Wannan rangwame yana kan rukunin masana'antar gwaji ta farko da aka sani da KP1.{{Update inline|date=June 2023}} Baya ga kula da hakar iskar gas, KivuWatt kuma zai kula da masana'antun samar da wutar lantarki da kuma sayar da wutar lantarki ga gwamnatin Ruwanda a karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci (PPA). Wannan yana bawa KivuWatt damar sarrafa hadakar makamashi na tsaye daga wurin hakar zuwa wurin sayarwa zuwa cikin grid na cikin gida. An ce hakar tana da tasiri sosai kuma mai sauki ce saboda da zarar an tura ruwan mai dauke da iskar gas sama, iskar gas din da ke narke (musamman carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide da methane) suna fara kumfa yayin da matsin ruwan ke raguwa. Ana sa ran wannan aikin zai kara karfin samar da makamashi na Ruwanda har sau 20, kuma zai bai wa Ruwanda damar sayar da wutar lantarki ga kasashen Afirka makwabta.<ref name=powerhouse /> An ba kamfanin kyautar yarjejeniyar samar da wutar lantarki ta Afirka ta shekarar 2011 saboda kirkire-kirkire a cikin tsare-tsaren samar da kudi da ta samu daga kafofi daban-daban don aikin KivuWatt.<ref>{{cite web|title= Methane gas project gets global award|url=http://rwandaenergy.com/2012/02/rwanda-methane-gas-project-gets-global-award/|publisher= www.rwandaenergy.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= African power deal of the year 2011 KivuWatt |url=http://www.projectfinancemagazine.com/Article/2974654/Search-Results/African-Power-Deal-of-the-Year-2011-KivuWatt.html?PartialFields=(CATEGORY_448_IDS%3a).(CATEGORY_904_IDS%3a14673)&OrderType=1&DisplaySearchTerms=true|publisher=www.projectfinancemagazine.com|access-date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Masana'antar wutar lantarki ta dala miliyan 200 tana aiki a 26 MW a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2016/05/16/160192/rwanda-inaugurates-groundbreaking-methane-power-project/|title=Rwanda Inaugurates Groundbreaking Methane Power Project|website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> ==Ilimin Halittu da Kamun Kifi== [[Image:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|Jiragen kamun kifi a Tabkin Kivu, 2009]] [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Paradis Malahide a cikin tabkin]] [[File:View of the sky and its reflection on Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|Hasken sararin samaniya yana bayyana a saman Tabkin Kivu]] Kifin da ke cikin Tabkin Kivu yana da karanci sosai tare da nau'ikan nau'o'i 28 da aka bayyana, ciki har da nau'ikan nau'o'i hudu da aka shigo da su.<ref name=FishSnoeks>{{cite journal |last1=Snoeks |first1=J |last2=De Vos |first2=L. |last3=Thys van den Audenaerde |first3=D. |date=1997 |title=The ichthyogeography of lake Kivu |journal=South African Journal of Science |volume=93 |pages=579–584}}</ref> Kifin na asali sune kifin minnow na Tabkin Rukwa (Raiamas moorii), nau'ikan kifin barb guda hudu (ripon barbel, Barbus altianalis, kifin barb mai jan fika na Gabashin Afirka, Enteromius apleurogramma, kifin barb mai jan digo, E. kerstenii da kifin barb na Pellegrin, E. pellegrini), kifin kifi na Amphilius, nau'ikan kifin kifi na Clarias guda biyu (C. liocephalus da C. gariepinus), kifin tilapiar Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) da kuma nau'ikan kifin Haplochromis cichlids guda 15 dake yankin kawai.<ref name=FishSnoeks/> Kimanin wasu nau'ikan cichlids 20 da watakila ba a riga tsara bayanansu ba an san su a tabkin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=J. |year=2013 |title=How many species are there in Lake Kivu? |url=https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/tx_userprofiles/upload/walkerjo/Bachelor_Thesis_Jonas_Walker_August_2013_Lake_Kivu.pdf |publisher=University of Bern|journal=Institute of Ecology and Evolution}}</ref> Nau'ikan da aka shigo da su sun hada da cichlids guda uku, tilapiar longfin (Oreochromis macrochir), tilapiar mai dagon shudi (O. leucostictus) da tilapiar mai jan gaba (Coptodon rendalli), sai kuma kifin clupeid, sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika (Limnothrissa miodon).<ref name=FishSnoeks/><ref name="Collart">{{cite journal |last=Collart |first=A. |title=L'introduction du 'Stolothrissa tanganicae' (Ndagala) au lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge |volume=51 |issue=4 |date=1960 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11887 |series=Hosted at Agricultural Research Archive for DRC, Rwanda and Burundi, 1885-1960}}</ref><ref name="Capart">{{cite journal |last=Capart |first=A. |title=A propos de l'introduction du Ndakala (Stolothrissa tanganikae) dans le lac Kivu |language=French |journal=Bulletin Agricole du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Burundi |volume=50 |issue=4 |date=1959 |url=https://ineac.africamuseum.be./catalog/11546}}</ref> Ana kiran sardine din a cikin gida da 'Ndagala' ko 'Isambaza'.<ref name="Collart 1989">{{cite book |first=Alphonse |last=Collart |date=June 1989 |chapter=Introduction et acclimatation de l'Isambaza du lac Tanganyika au lac Kivu |title=Compte rendu du seminaire trente ans apres l'introduction de l'Isambaza au lac Kivu (RWA/87/012/DOC/TR/16) |url=https://www.fao.org/3/AD174F/AD174F00.htm#TOC |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=French |place=Gisenyi, Rwanda}}</ref> Adadin sardine na Tabkin Tanganyika da za a iya kamawa an kiyasta ya kai tan 2000 zuwa 4000 duk shekara.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall|first=B. E.|title=Seasonal and annual variations in the abundance of the clupeid Limnothrissa miodon in lake Kivu|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|year=1991|volume=39|issue=5|pages=641–648|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04394.x|bibcode=1991JFBio..39..641M }}</ref> Masanin aikin gona na kasar Belgium Alphonse Collart ne ya shigar da shi Tabkin Kivu a karshen shekarar 1959.<ref name="Collart" /><ref name="Capart" /> Kokarin shigar da irin kifin sprat na Tabkin Tanganyika (Stolothrissa tanganicae) a lokaci guda bai yi nasara ba.<ref name="Collart 1989" /> A halin yanzu, Tabkin Kivu ne kadai tabki na halitta wanda aka shigar da L. miodon, wato sardine wanda asali ya takaitu a Tabkin Tanganyika, da farko don cike gurbi da babu kowa a ciki. Kafin shigarwar, babu kifin planktivorous da ke cikin ruwan pelagic na Tabkin Kivu. A farkon shekarun 1990, yawan masunta a tabkin ya kai 6,563, wadanda 3,027 daga cikinsu ke da alaka da kamun kifi na pelagic sune kuma 3,536 ke da alaka da kamun kifi na gargajiya. Mummunan rikicin makami da ya bazu a yankin tun tsakiyar shekarun 1990 ya haifar da raguwar abun da ake samu na kamun kifi.<ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO |url=https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315065154/https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM |archive-date=March 15, 2006 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=fao.org}}</ref> Bayan wannan shigarwa, sardine din ya sami gagarumin muhimmanci na tattalin arziki da abinci ga mazauna gabar tabkin amma ta fuskar tsarin halitta, shigar da kifin planktivorous na iya haifar da gagaruman canje-canje na tsarin al'ummar plankton. Abubuwan da aka lura kwanan nan sun nuna bacewar babban mai kiwo, Daphnia curvirostris, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma mamaye al'ummar mesozooplankton ta nau'ikan copepod na cyclopoid guda uku: Thermocyclops consimilis, Mesocyclops aequatorialis da Tropocyclops confinis.<ref>{{cite book|last=Isumbisho|first=M|title=Zooplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-534-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isumbisho |first1=M. |last2=Sarmento |first2=H. |last3=Kaningini |first3=B. |last4=Micha |first4=J.-C. |last5=Descy |first5=J.-P. |date=2006 |title=Zooplankton of Lake Kivu, East Africa, half a century after the Tanganyika sardine introduction |journal=Journal of Plankton Research |doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl032 |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=971–989 |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |doi-access=free |archive-date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2011-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312092135/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Isumbisho%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Zooplankton%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fitar da cikakken binciken farko na phytoplankton a shekarar 2006.<ref name="Sarmento 2006">{{cite book|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (Eastern Africa)|year=2006|publisher=University of Namur|location=Belgium|isbn=978-2-87037-532-7|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-date=2016-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117042508/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Thesis_Sarmento_Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da matsakaicin chlorophyll na shekara-shekara a cikin gaurayawan Layer na 2.2 mg m−3 da ƙananan matakan gina jiki a cikin yankin euphotic, tabkin a fili yake na oligotrophic. Diatoms sune rukunin da suka mamaye tabkin, musamman a lokacin rani na haduwar ruwa mai zurfi. Lokacin damina, rukunin ruwan da ke da haske mai yawa da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, yana ba da fifiko ga mamaye cyanobacteria tare da adadi mai yawa na picoplankton phototrophic.<ref name="Sarmento 2006"/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|author2=Isumbisho, M|author3=Descy, JP|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa)|journal=Journal of Plankton Research|year=2006|volume=28|issue=9|pages=815–829|doi=10.1093/plankt/fbl017|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|doi-access=free|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032642/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202006_JPR_Phytoplankton%20ecology%20of%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Abundance and distribution of picoplankton in tropical, oligotrophic Lake Kivu, eastern Africa|journal=Freshwater Biology|year=2008|volume=53|issue=4|pages=756–771|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01939.x|bibcode=2008FrBio..53..756S |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202008_Freshwater%20Biol_Tropical%20picoplankton.pdf|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Species diversity of pelagic algae of Lake Kivu (East Africa)|journal=Cryptogamie-Algologie|year=2007|volume=28|issue=3|pages=245:269|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032655/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202007_Cryptogamie%20Algologie_Phyto%20diversity%20Lake%20Kivu.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haƙiƙanin samarwa na farko shine 0.71 g C m−2 d−1 (≈ 260 g C m−2 a−1).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sarmento|first=H.|title=Phytoplankton ecology of Lake Kivu (eastern Africa): biomass, production and elemental ratios|journal=International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Vol 30, Pt 5, Proceedings|year=2009|volume=30|issue=5|pages=709–713|doi=10.1080/03680770.2009.11902221|bibcode=2009SILP...30..709S|hdl=2268/139009|url=http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|display-authors=etal|archive-date=2015-09-24|access-date=2011-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032734/http://www.icm.csic.es/bio/projects/icmicrobis/fitxes/Personal_webs/Sarmento/pdf/Sarmento%20et%20al%202009_SIL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike na kwayoyin halitta na juyin halitta ya nuna cewa cichlids daga tabkuna a arewacin Virunga (misali, Edward, George, Victoria) sun samo asali ne a cikin "proto-lake Kivu", wanda ya fi girma fiye da tsananin ayyukan aman wuta (shekaru 20,000-25,000 da suka gabata) wanda ya katse alakar. Daga tsayin duwatsun yammacin tabkin (wanda a halin yanzu yake shi ne Kahuzi-Biega National Park, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren ajiyar birai na gorillas na gabas a duniya), haɗe da tsayin daka na gabashin rift (wanda yake a gabashin Ruwanda) zai kasance da alakar magudanar ruwa daga tsakiyar Ruwanda zuwa ainihin Tabkin Kivu na yanzu. Wannan ra'ayi na "proto-lake Kivu" an kalubalance shi ta hanyar rashin daidaiton shaidar kasa, kodayake agogon kwayoyin halitta na cichlid yana nuna wanzuwar tabki da ya fi tsufa fiye da shekaru 15,000 da aka saba ambata. Tabkin Kivu gida ne ga nau'ikan kaguwar ruwa mai dadi guda hudu, ciki har da guda biyu wadanda ba na yankin ba (Potamonautes lirrangensis da P. mutandensis) da guda biyu na yankin (Potamonautes bourgaultae da P. idjwiensis). A tsakanin tabkunan Kwarin Rift, Tabkin Tanganyika da Tabkin Victoria sune kadai sauran tabkuna masu kaguwar ruwa mai dadi na yankin.<ref name=crabs>Cumberlidge, N., and Meyer, K. S. (2011). ''[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref name=crabs/><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cumberlidge | first1=Neil | last2=Clark | first2=Paul F. | title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal=European Journal of Taxonomy | date=2017 | issue=371 | doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access=free | hdl=10141/622400 | hdl-access=free }}</ref> ===Kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba=== A shekarar 2018, an rubuta fiye da shari'o'i 400 na yiwuwar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tabkin Kivu. A cewar Hukumar Binciken Dabbobi da Canja wurin Fasaha ta Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Ruwanda, samar da kifi a Tabkin Kivu ya ragu daga tan 24,199 a lokacin kamun kifi na 2017-2018 zuwa tan 16,194 a 2019-2020, wanda Mataimakiyar Darakta Solange Uwituze ta dora alhakinsa a kan hanyoyin kamun kifi da ke shafar haifuwar kifi. Tsakanin Mayu da Yuli 2020, ayyukan Rundunar 'Yansandan Ruwa ta Ruwanda sun ba da rahoton shari'o'i 27 da suka hada da kama barayin kifi 10 saboda kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a tabkin.<ref>{{Cite web|access-date=2023-06-23|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/183562/News/illicit-fishing-threatens-biodiversity-in-lake-kivu|title=Illicit fishing threatens biodiversity in Lake Kivu|date=26 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ENACTAfrica.org |date=2022-01-31 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ENACT Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |date=2022-02-02 |title=Tipping the scales of illicit fishing in Lake Kivu |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> ==Tsibiri== * [[Idjwi]] (ɓangaren [[Idjwi]], [[South Kivu Province]]) * [[Nyamunini]] (an Kuma sanshi da tsibirin Napoleon) * [[Amahoro]] * [[Iwawa]] ==Hotuna== <gallery widths="175" heights="120"> File:Lake Kivu 2021.jpg|Tafkin Kivu daga Sake, Goma, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango File:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|Lake Kivu with [[Goma]] in the background, Congo File:Img Lake Kivu100222 2.jpg|Lake Kivu separating Bukavu (In the foreground) and Cyangugu (In the background) as seen from Tumbimbi. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} jqv5i15kgwux34gsdu2huxe1rz0zga0 0 88987 887884 841598 2026-07-26T21:11:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Legacy of Kain''''' jerin wasannin bidiyo ne na fantasy mai ban sha'awa [[Action-adventure game|-kasada]] da farko wanda Crystal Dynamics ta haɓaka kuma Eidos Interactive ta buga a da. Sunan farko, ''[[Bloomingdale|Blood]] Omen: Legacy of Kain'', Silicon Knights ne ya ƙirƙira shi tare da haɗin gwiwar Crystal Dynamics, amma, bayan yaƙin doka, Crystal Dynamics ta riƙe haƙƙoƙin haƙƙin mallakar fasaha na wasan, kuma ya ci gaba da labarinsa tare da jerin abubuwa huɗu. Ya zuwa yau, wasanni biyar sun ƙunshi jerin, waɗanda aka fara haɓaka su don na'urorin wasan bidiyo na bidiyo kuma daga baya an tura su zuwa [[Microsoft Windows]] . Mayar da hankali ga ƙaƙƙarfan hali na Kain, vampire antihero, kowane taken yana da fasalin aiki, bincike da warwarewa, tare da wasu abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo . Jerin yana gudana ne a cikin ƙagaggun ƙasar Nosgoth—wani wuri na fantasy na gothic - kuma ya ta'allaka ne akan ƙoƙarin Kain na ƙin yarda da [[Ƙaddara|makomarsa]] da dawo da daidaito ga duniya. ''Legacy na Kain: Soul Reaver'' ya gabatar da wani jarumin jarumi, Raziel ; Kasadar duka haruffa sun ƙare a ''Legacy of Kain: Defiance'' . Jigogi na [[Ƙaddara|kaddara]], [['Yancin zaɓi|'yancin zaɓe]], ɗabi'a, fansa da kuma tafiyar jarumi ta sake faruwa a cikin labarin, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga tsofaffin wallafe-wallafe, almara mai ban tsoro, fasaha da al'adun Islama, wasan kwaikwayo na Shakespeare, Mysticism na Yahudawa da [[Ginost|gnosticism]] . Wasannin ''Legacy na Kain'' sun sami nasara mai mahimmanci, musamman samun yabo don ingancin murya, labari, da abubuwan gani, kuma, gaba ɗaya, sun sayar da fiye da kwafi miliyan 3.5 nan da 2007. A cikin 2022, Square Enix ya sayar da haƙƙin jerin ga Ƙungiyar Embracer, waɗanda suka nuna sha'awar haɓaka abubuwan da suka faru, sake yin gyare-gyare da kuma masu remasters na ''Legacy na Kain'' . An sake sake fasalin ''Legacy na Kain: Soul Reaver'' da ''Soul Reaver 2'' don Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Windows, Xbox One da Xbox Series X/S akan Disamba 10, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-24 |title=Aspyr & Crystal Dynamics Reveal Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver 1 & 2 Remastered, Launching Dec. 10, 2024, on PC & Consoles |url=https://www.crystaldynamics.com/blog/2024/09/24/aspyr-crystal-dynamics-reveal-legacy-of-kain-soul-reaver-1-2-remastered-launching-dec-10-2024-on-pc-consoles/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Crystal Dynamics}}</ref> == Wasanni ==   [[File:LoK-Pillars.jpg|right|thumb| Babban darektan Amy Hennig ya bayyana Pillars na Nosgoth (a sama: a cikin zane-zane, cibiyar: a cikin ''Blood Omen'', a ƙasa: a cikin ''Defiance'' ) a matsayin "cibiyar tatsuniyoyi da yanki" na wasanni biyar. <ref name="SR2-OPM">{{Cite journal |last=Davison |first=John |last2=Rybicki |first2=Joe |date=September 2000 |journal=[[Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine]] |issue=36}}</ref>]] '''''Alamar Jini: Legacy na Kain''''' an halicce shi ta Silicon Knights karkashin jagorancin Denis Dyack, tare da taimako daga mawallafin Crystal Dynamics, kuma an sake shi a cikin 1996 akan PlayStation . A cikin 1997, an tura shi zuwa [[Microsoft Windows]] . Dyack ya ɗauki cikin "aikin vampire " a ƙarƙashin taken ''The Pillars of Nosgoth'' a 1993, kuma mai gabatar da Crystal Dynamics Lyle Hall ya zaɓi wannan ra'ayi na fantasy akan wasu shawarwari guda biyu (ɗayan wanda shine ''Too Human'' ). <ref name="LyleHall">{{Cite web |last=Wallis |first=Alistair |date=January 18, 2007 |title=Playing Catch-Up: GEX's Lyle Hall |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=12434 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[Gamasutra]]}}</ref> <ref name="BO1-SK-1">{{Cite web |date=January 13, 1997 |title=SK: The Complete Guide To Legacy of Kain – Behind The Scenes |url=http://www.dark-chronicle.co.uk/resources/bo1_faq/faqbehin.htm |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[Silicon Knights]]}}</ref> <ref name="Dyack-TooHuman">{{Cite web |last=Dyack |first=Denis |author-link=Denis Dyack |date=June 28, 2007 |title=Tears in Rain – Blog No. 35 (post #17) |url=http://www.ign.com/boards/threads/tears-in-rain-blog-35.144764942/#post-144799866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216053951/http://www.ign.com/boards/threads/tears-in-rain-blog-35.144764942/#post-144799866 |archive-date=December 16, 2012 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref> An bi shi da fatan kawo labari mai ƙarfi da silima mai fasaha ga consoles, an gina shi a matsayin "wasan da manya za su so su yi", tare da jarumta da wasan kwaikwayo mara kyau wanda ke buƙatar tunani gami da tunani. <ref name="LyleHall" /> <ref name="BO1-SK-1" /> An haɓaka shi azaman [[Action-adventure game|wasan wasan kasada]] na 2D tare da abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, <ref name="BO1-SK-2">{{Cite web |title=Recreated PSXnation.com Interview with Denis Dyack |url=http://nosgoth.net/Blood_Omen/PSNinterview1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216124010/http://www.nosgoth.net/Blood_Omen/PSNinterview1.htm |archive-date=December 16, 2012 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=psxnation.com}}</ref> <ref name="SR1-SegaWeb">{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Craig |date=January 2000 |title=Interview: Soul Reaver's Amy Hennig |url=http://sega.gamerweb.com/features/srint.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030325071423/http://sega.gamerweb.com/features/srint.asp |archive-date=March 25, 2003 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=GamerWeb Sega}}</ref> ya yi muhawara don kyakkyawar liyafar kasuwanci da mahimmanci. <ref name="LyleHall" /> <ref name="SR1-SegaWeb" /> <ref name="Justia-SK-Sales">{{Cite web |date=December 22, 2011 |title=Silicon Knights, Inc. v. Epic Games, Inc. - Document 697 |url=http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/north-carolina/ncedce/5:2007cv00275/89570/697 |access-date=2013-07-16 |publisher=Justia }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Makin sayar da kayayyaki ya haɗa da tsawon sa'o'in sa'o'i 50+ da faffadan abubuwa da damar iya yin umarni da halayen ɗan wasan. <ref name="BO1-Preview">{{Cite web |last=Kasavin |first=Greg |author-link=Greg Kasavin |date=April 24, 1997 |title=Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain Preview |url=http://gamespot.com/blood-omen-legacy-of-kain/previews/blood-omen-legacy-of-kain-preview-2558449/ |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> ''Blood Omen'' ya gabatar da Nosgoth, ƙasar almara wanda aka tsara tare da almara-kamar sarƙaƙƙiya, <ref name="BO1-SK-1" /> <ref name="BO1-SK-2" /> kuma ya ba mai kunnawa ikon sarrafa Kain, sabon vampire da aka tashe yana neman fansa a kan masu kisansa da kuma maganin la'anarsa na vampiric. '''''Legacy of Kain: An saki Soul Reaver''''' a cikin 1999 don PlayStation da Microsoft Windows, kuma an tura shi zuwa Dreamcast a cikin 2000. Ya samo asali ne a matsayin ra'ayi mai zaman kansa wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga jigogi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki da ake kira ''Shifter'', wanda Crystal Dynamics' Amy Hennig da Seth Carus suka tsara, <ref name="Dyack-Shifter">{{Cite web |last=Dyack |first=Denis |author-link=Denis Dyack |date=June 17, 2002 |title=Eternal Darkness Q/A Thread (Update: 6/17) (Don't expect more anytime soon) (post #23) |url=http://www.ign.com/boards/threads/eternal-darkness-q-a-thread-update-6-17-dont-expect-more-anytime-soon.21174938/#post-23341556 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110005123/http://www.ign.com/boards/threads/eternal-darkness-q-a-thread-update-6-17-dont-expect-more-anytime-soon.21174938/#post-23341556 |archive-date=January 10, 2016 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref> <ref name="BtC-SR1">{{Cite web |last=Shuman |first=Sid |date=October 12, 2012 |title=Behind the Classics: Amy Hennig Talks Soul Reaver Secrets |url=http://blog.us.playstation.com/2012/10/12/behind-the-classics-amy-hennig-talks-soul-reaver-secrets/ |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[PlayStation Network|PlayStation Blog]]}}</ref> amma, bisa ga buƙatar shugabannin kamfanoni, an haɗa su cikin ''Legacy na Kain'' sararin samaniya a gabanin. samarwa. <ref name="SR1-SegaWeb"/> <ref name="BtC-SR1" /> Hennig, darektan wasan, ya kwatanta ci gaban fasaha daga ''Blood Omen'' zuwa ''Soul Reaver'' zuwa juyin halittar ''The Legend of Zelda'' jerin daga Super Nintendo zuwa Nintendo 64 - yana kawo ikon amfani da sunan kamfani cikin 3D yayin da yake riƙe irin wannan salon. <ref name="IASIG">{{Cite web |last=Brandon |first=Alexander |title=Interactive Composition Column 1.2 |url=http://www.iasig.org/pubs/interviews/eidosjh.shtml |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=IASIG |archive-date=2012-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214185917/http://www.iasig.org/pubs/interviews/eidosjh.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yaba da ''Soul Reaver'' a matsayin wata nasara ta fasaha don injinan wasan motsa jiki na jirginsa da injin wasan sa na watsa bayanai, wanda ya kawar da dakatarwar da ake yi a wasannin lokacin PlayStation. <ref name="BtC-SR1" /> <ref name="SR1-Promotion">{{Cite web |date=July 29, 1999 |title=Highly-Anticipated 'Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver' Looks to Take a Bite at the Electronic Game Charts This August; Television, Magazine Ad Buys and a Retail Promotional Onslaught Put the Word Out on Eidos Interactive's Sequel to 'Legacy of Kain: Blood Omen' |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Highly-Anticipated+%60Legacy+of+Kain%3A+Soul+Reaver%27+Looks+to+Take+a+Bite...-a055290555 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305102840/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Highly-Anticipated+%60Legacy+of+Kain%3A+Soul+Reaver%27+Looks+to+Take+a+Bite...-a055290555 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[TheFreeDictionary.com#TheFreeLibrary.com|TheFreeLibrary.com]]}}</ref> <ref name="SR1-IGN">{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Doug |author-link=Douglass C. Perry |date=August 19, 1999 |title=Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver |url=http://ign.com/articles/1999/08/20/legacy-of-kain-soul-reaver-5 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref> Ya kasance nasara ce ta kasuwanci da mahimmanci, tana siyar da raka'a miliyan 1.5 a duk duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2001 |title=Eidos' Highly Anticipated Soul Reaver 2 Selected as PlayStation 2 Exclusive |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Eidos%27+Highly+Anticipated+Soul+Reaver+2+Selected+as+PlayStation+2...-a077706091 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305021959/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Eidos%27+Highly+Anticipated+Soul+Reaver+2+Selected+as+PlayStation+2...-a077706091 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[TheFreeDictionary.com#TheFreeLibrary.com|TheFreeLibrary.com]]}}</ref> amma ƙarfin halayen 'yan wasa game da ƙarewar dutsen ya sa masu haɓakawa don kawar da damuwar cewa an sake shi ba a gama ba. <ref name="SR1-Response">{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Chris |date=September 5, 1999 |title=Soul Reaver Response |url=http://gamespot.com/news/soul-reaver-response-2460963 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> Wasan elaborates a kan daya daga cikin biyu endings to ''Blood Omen'', faruwa a Nosgoth ta duhu nan gaba inda Kain ke mulkin daular vampires, kuma ya gabatar da wani sabon protagonist, ya Laftanar Raziel, wanda Kain ya kashe kuma ya tashe shi don yin fansa a kan 'yan'uwansa. da ubangidansa. '''''Soul Reaver 2''''' yana da ingantaccen tsarin ci gaba kuma an sake shi bayan shekaru biyu, duk da sauyawa zuwa na'urorin ta'aziyya na ƙarni na shida a farkon aikin. Da farko an yi niyya don sakin shi a ƙarshen 2000 akan PlayStation da Dreamcast, amma an sake yin aikin kuma an sake shi a cikin 2001 azaman keɓaɓɓen PlayStation 2, kuma an tura shi zuwa Microsoft Windows daga baya a waccan shekarar. <ref name="SR2-Q&A-GS">{{Cite web |date=October 29, 2001 |title=Soul Reaver 2 Q&A |url=http://gamespot.com/soul-reaver-2/previews/soul-reaver-2-qanda-2820960/ |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> Manufar masu haɓakawa ita ce ta riƙe abubuwan da suka sa magabacinsa ya yi nasara, <ref name="SR2-CompanyLine">{{Cite web |title=Soul Reaver 2 Review |url=http://www.gamerankings.com/htmlpages3/913911.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517025754/http://www.gamerankings.com/htmlpages3/913911.asp |archive-date=May 17, 2008 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[GameRankings]]}}</ref> amma sun yanke shawarar gujewa "cikakken matakin, yaƙi da shugaba " na wasan da ya gabata don neman ƙarin hanyar da za ta haifar da labari. <ref name="SR2-Q&A-Andrew">{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2001 |title=IGNDC Interviews Crystal Dynamic's Andrew Bennett |url=http://ign.com/articles/2001/01/11/igndc-interviews-crystal-dynamics-andrew-bennett/ |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> Makircin yana aiki azaman mabiyi kai tsaye zuwa ''Soul Reaver'', yana ɗauka nan da nan bayan ƙarewarsa. Dan wasan yana sarrafa Raziel yayin da yake tona asirin abubuwan da suka faru a baya na Nosgoth da kuma makomarsa. A halin yanzu, Kain yana ƙoƙarin juyar da [[Ƙaddara|kaddara]] da maido da duniya ta hanyar sarrafa tarihi. Yayin da ''Soul Reaver'' ke ci gaba, Crystal Dynamics ya ƙaddamar da wani aikin - wanda zai gaje shi ga ''Omen Jini'' - kuma lokacin da ƙungiyar ''Soul Reaver'' ta fara aiki akan bin diddigin su a ƙarshen 1999, ''Legacy na Kain'' wasanni biyu sun kasance cikin haɓaka lokaci guda. <ref name="SR2-Q&A-Andrew" /> <ref name="Defiance-Richard">{{Cite web |last=Lemarchand |first=Richard |date=October 23, 2003 |title=Legacy of Kain: Defiance Designer Diary #1 |url=http://gamespot.com/legacy-of-kain-defiance/previews/legacy-of-kain-defiance-designer-diary-1-6077249/?page=1 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> "An '''''shuka''''' iri na halitta" a cikin 1999, kuma an fitar da samfurin da aka gama a cikin 2002, watanni shida bayan ''Soul Reaver 2'', don PlayStation 2, Xbox, Microsoft Windows da GameCube . <ref name="BO2-TeamXbox">{{Cite web |last=Barton |first=Steve |date=March 6, 2002 |title=Blood Omen2 Interview: Alex Ness |url=http://interviews.teamxbox.com/xbox/306/Blood-Omen2-Interview-Alex-Ness/p3/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908033244/http://interviews.teamxbox.com/xbox/306/Blood-Omen2-Interview-Alex-Ness/p3/ |archive-date=September 8, 2008 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[TeamXbox]]}}</ref> Ba a samar da shi ba tare da haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan ''Soul Reaver'', a maimakon haka an ƙirƙira shi da sabon ƙungiyar a Crystal Dynamics a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Glen Schofield . <ref name="Defiance-Richard"/> <ref name="DCab-BO2">{{Cite web |last=Cabuco |first=Daniel |date=August 20, 2012 |title=Blood Omen 2 (post #2) |url=http://www.dcabdesign.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=237#p237 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=DCabDesign.com}}</ref> Babban abin da aka mayar da hankali ga masu haɓakawa shine babban hali, Kain; <ref name="BO2-IGN-DCP">{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Douglass C. |author-link=Douglass C. Perry |date=September 26, 2001 |title=Interview With a Vampire: Blood Omen 2 |url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/098/098609p1.html |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[IGN]] |archive-date=2012-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325004645/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/098/098609p1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Crystal Dynamics yana da "babban zuba jari a Kain a matsayin hali". <ref name="SR2-Q&A-IGN">{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Douglass C. |author-link=Douglass C. Perry |date=May 10, 2000 |title=Soul Reaver 2: Director's Interview – PlayStation 2 Feature |url=http://ign.com/articles/2000/05/11/soul-reaver-2-directors-interview?page=1 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref> Mayar da mayar da hankali kan wasan kwaikwayo zuwa mataki, gore da fama maimakon warware matsalar, yana riƙe da yawa daga cikin halaye waɗanda suka sa wasannin da suka gabata suka shahara, amma an soki saboda rashin ƙima. Duk da liyafar tsaka-tsaki mai mahimmanci, an sake shi akan dandamali huɗu kuma an sayar da shi da kyau. <ref name="SR2-BO2-Sales">{{Cite web |title=Eidos Interactive fifteen month results |url=http://www.eidos.co.uk/corporate/downloads/qr-02-q5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040227013820/http://www.eidos.co.uk/corporate/downloads/qr-02-q5.pdf |archive-date=February 27, 2004 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[Eidos Interactive|Eidos]]}}</ref> Wurin, babban birni [[Industrial Revolution|mai masana'antu]], tashi ne don jerin abubuwan. Yayin da aka saki wasan bayan ''Soul Reaver 2'', abubuwan da suka faru na wasan sun faru a zahiri bayan ''jinin jini'' amma kafin abubuwan da suka faru na ''Soul Reaver'', a cikin wani lokaci dabam da aka halicce su daga abubuwan ''Soul Reaver 2'' . A cikin ''Blood Omen 2'' ƴan wasan suna sarrafa ƙaramin Kain bayan yaƙin neman zaɓe na cin nasara a Nosgoth, saboda yana adawa da mayaƙan vampires da sabon abokin gaba. '''''Legacy na Kain: Defiance''''', shigarwar kwanan nan a cikin jerin, an sake shi a cikin 2003 akan PlayStation 2, Xbox da Microsoft Windows. Da farko an yi la'akari da shi azaman ''Soul Reaver 3'', <ref name="SR2-Q&A-GS"/> <ref name="Defiance-Richard"/> yana wakiltar ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa daga ƙungiyoyin ''Soul Reaver 2'' da ''Blood Omen 2'' don ƙarfafawa da sake daidaita labarun labarun, warware rikice-rikice da kuma faɗa da abubuwan da suka gabace shi, da haɗa abubuwa daga biyu sub-jerin cikin wasa daya. <ref name="Defiance-Richard" /> Sun zaɓi sabon take ƙarƙashin Tutar ''Legacy na Kain'' don nuna wannan sabon mayar da hankali. <ref name="Defiance-Q&A-IGN">{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Douglass C. |author-link=Douglass C. Perry |date=May 12, 2003 |title=E3 2003: Legacy of Kain: Defiance |url=http://ign.com/articles/2003/05/12/e3-2003-legacy-of-kain-defiance-3 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref> Mai kunnawa yana musanya tsakanin sarrafa Raziel da ''Soul Reaver 2'' cikin jiki na Kain a cikin kowane surori na wasan, a ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa ɗaya daga cikin biyun kawai zai tsira - an ba da fifiko kan gabatarwar fina-finai. <ref name="Defiance-Richard" /> <ref name="Defiance-Q&A-IGN" /> Labarin ya ƙare akan kyakkyawan fata, amma ba tare da cikakken ƙuduri ba; a lokacin samarwa, Hennig ya bar Crystal Dynamics don aiki don Naughty Dog, <ref name="AmyDeparture-1">{{Cite web |last=Blincoln |date=June 17, 2002 |title=A farewell message from Amy |url=http://forums.eu.square-enix.com/showthread.php?t=46775 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[Square Enix Europe]]}}</ref> <ref name="AmyDeparture-2">{{Cite web |last=Brightman |first=James |date=November 2, 2009 |title=Interview: Amy Hennig on Making Uncharted 2, Maximizing PS3, and More |url=http://www.industrygamers.com/news/interview-amy-hennig-on-making-uncharted-2-maximizing-ps3-and-more/3/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616095711/http://www.industrygamers.com/news/interview-amy-hennig-on-making-uncharted-2-maximizing-ps3-and-more/3 |archive-date=June 16, 2012 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=IndustryGamers}}</ref> kuma ''Defiance'' bai cika tsammanin tallace-tallace na Eidos ba. <ref name="Defiance-Sales">{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2004 |title=Eidos Interactive: Preliminary Results for the Year to 30 June 2004 |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Eidos+plc%3a+Preliminary+Results+for+the+Year+to+30+June+2004-a0122009832 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029173246/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Eidos+plc%3a+Preliminary+Results+for+the+Year+to+30+June+2004-a0122009832 |archive-date=October 29, 2017 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[TheFreeDictionary.com#TheFreeLibrary.com|TheFreeLibrary.com]]}}</ref> Bayan fitowar sa, Eidos ya sanya jerin abubuwan a riƙe. <ref name="NoLoKAnnouncements">{{Cite web |last=Bruno |first=Christopher |date=August 20, 2009 |title=EXTREMELY IMPORTANT: There Will Be a New LoK! (post #93) |url=http://forums.eu.square-enix.com/showthread.php?t=98128&p=1195923#post1195923 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[Square Enix Europe]]}}</ref> Tsohon shugaban Eidos North America Bill Gardner da shugaban Eidos Life Ian Livingstone sun nuna sha'awar farfado da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, <ref name="Kain-Livingstone">{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Stephen |date=December 20, 2010 |title=Gangsters, Legacy of Kain sequels on the way? |url=http://www.electricpig.co.uk/2010/12/20/gangsters-legacy-of-kain-sequels-on-the-way/ |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=Electricpig |archive-date=2011-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110125183546/http://www.electricpig.co.uk/2010/12/20/gangsters-legacy-of-kain-sequels-on-the-way |url-status=dead }}</ref> amma Crystal Dynamics sun bayyana cewa ba sa aiki kan ci gaba. <ref name="CrystalHabit">{{Cite web |last=Marie |first=Meagan |date=July 4, 2011 |title=The Crystal Habit Podcast: Episode 1 |url=http://tombraider.tumblr.com/post/7232440295/the-crystal-habit-1-returning-to-the-studio |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=Official Tomb Raider Blog}}</ref> '''''Nosgoth''''', wasan wasa da yawa, an sanar da shi ta hanyar Square Enix London Studios manajan al'umma George Kelion don kasancewa cikin ci gaba a cikin Yuni 2013, don amsa jerin leaks na intanet da hasashe sakamakon. A cewar Kelion, za a saita shi a cikin sararin samaniya ɗaya da lakabin ''Legacy na Kain'' na baya, amma ba zai zama "ƙwarewar LoK na al'ada ko ma ɗan wasa ɗaya ba". An yi niyyar kallon wasan a matsayin "sosai akan wani reshe na daban ga duka jerin abubuwan Rarraba ''Soul Reaver'' da ''Blood Omen'' ", kuma Crystal Dynamics ba ta shiga cikin haɓakarsa ba. Kelion ya bayyana cewa ''Nosgoth'' za a ƙara sanar da shi kuma za a bayyana shi a kwanan wata mai zuwa, wani lokaci bayan Nunin Nishaɗi na Lantarki na 2013 . <ref name="Nosgoth-VG247">{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Dave |author-link=Dave Cook |date=June 7, 2013 |title=Nosgoth in active development, not 'traditional' Legacy of Kain game |url=http://www.vg247.com/2013/06/07/nosgoth-in-active-development-at-square-not-a-traditional-legacy-of-kain-title/ |access-date=2013-06-07 |website=[[VG247]]}}</ref> <ref name="Nosgoth-Eurogamer">{{Cite web |last=Yin-Poole |first=Wesley |date=June 7, 2013 |title=Nosgoth set in Legacy of Kain universe, but Tomb Raider dev Crystal Dynamics not involved |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2013-06-07-nosgoth-set-in-legacy-of-kain-universe-but-tomb-raider-dev-crystal-dynamics-not-involved |access-date=2013-06-07 |website=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref> ''Nosgoth'' duk da haka ba a taɓa fitowa a hukumance ba, amma ya fara buɗe beta a cikin Janairu 2015. Wasan a hukumance ya rufe sabobin sa a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2016. === ''Soul Reaver 1 & 2 An Sabunta'' === ''Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver 1 & 2 Remastered'' wasa ne mai zuwa wanda Aspyr ya haɓaka kuma ya buga shi wanda ya ƙunshi wasanni na biyu da na uku a cikin jerin. Tarin da aka sake sarrafa zai haɗa da sabbin abubuwa kamar su hotuna masu inganci masu jujjuyawa, tsarin sarrafawa na zamani, ingantaccen sarrafa kyamara, taswira da kamfas, "matakin da aka rasa", yanayin hoto, da zagayowar rana da dare wanda aka yanke daga asali. ''Soul Reaver'' . <ref name="Crystal Dynamics">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-24 |title=Aspyr & Crystal Dynamics Reveal Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver 1 & 2 Remastered, Launching Dec. 10, 2024, on PC & Consoles |url=https://www.crystaldynamics.com/blog/2024/09/24/aspyr-crystal-dynamics-reveal-legacy-of-kain-soul-reaver-1-2-remastered-launching-dec-10-2024-on-pc-consoles/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Crystal Dynamics}}</ref> <ref name="PlayStation Blog">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-24 |title=Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver 1 & 2 Remastered launches on PS5, PS4 Dec 10 |url=https://blog.playstation.com/2024/09/24/legacy-of-kain-soul-reaver-1-2-remastered-launches-on-ps5-ps4-dec-10/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=PlayStation Blog}}</ref> Nassosi game da tarin sun fara bayyana a San Diego Comic-Con a cikin Yuli 2024, tare da sanarwa mai biyowa a gabatarwar Jihar PlayStation a watan Satumba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lyles |first=Taylor |date=2024-07-25 |title=Eagle-Eyed SDCC Fans Think They've Spotted a Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver 1 and 2 Remaster Tease {{!}} SDCC 2024 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/eagle-eyed-sdcc-fans-think-theyve-spotted-a-legacy-of-kain-soul-reaver-1-and-2-remaster-tease-sdcc-2024 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=IGN}}</ref> <ref name="GameSpot State of Play">{{Cite web |last=Ramée |first=Jordan |date=2024-07-24 |title=Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver Remasters Revealed At PlayStation State Of Play |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/legacy-of-kain-soul-reaver-remasters-revealed/1100-6526655/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=GameSpot}}</ref> Sanarwa da sakin ''Soul Reaver 1 & 2 Remastered'' yayi daidai da ranar tunawa da 25th na ''Legacy na Kain: Soul Reaver na'' 1999. Wasan ya bi falsafar ci gaba mai kama da na Aspyr's ''Tomb Raider I-III Remastered'', kuma yana ginawa akan lambar tushe na asali da injin wasannin, wanda Crystal Dynamics ya ba ƙungiyar. <ref name="Crystal Dynamics2">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-24 |title=Aspyr & Crystal Dynamics Reveal Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver 1 & 2 Remastered, Launching Dec. 10, 2024, on PC & Consoles |url=https://www.crystaldynamics.com/blog/2024/09/24/aspyr-crystal-dynamics-reveal-legacy-of-kain-soul-reaver-1-2-remastered-launching-dec-10-2024-on-pc-consoles/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Crystal Dynamics}}</ref> <ref name="PlayStation Blog2">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-24 |title=Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver 1 & 2 Remastered launches on PS5, PS4 Dec 10 |url=https://blog.playstation.com/2024/09/24/legacy-of-kain-soul-reaver-1-2-remastered-launches-on-ps5-ps4-dec-10/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=PlayStation Blog}}</ref> == Dubawa == === Abubuwan gama gari === Wasannin ''Legacy na Kain'' sun faɗi cikin nau'in wasan-kasada, suna amfani da ma'auni na aiki, warware rikice-rikice da bincike. An fara daga ''Soul Reaver'', jerin kuma suna fasalta abubuwan dandamali daga 3D, hangen nesa na mutum na uku . Ganin cewa ''Jinin Omen'' da ''Soul Reaver'' suna amfani da tsarin buɗe duniya a cikin salon ''The Legend of Zelda'' ko ''Super Mario 64'', <ref name="SR2-OPM"/> na ƙarshe wasanni uku sun kasu kashi surori, kuma sun fi dacewa a ci gaba. Yayin da mai kunnawa ke warware manyan wasanin gwada ilimi ko cin nasara kan shugabanni, suna karɓar sabbin makamai da iyawa, kamar telekinesis, canza fasalin, sarrafa hankali da sihiri . Babban lafiyar lafiyar kullun yana raguwa a kowane wasa - Kain dole ne ya cinye jini don ci gaba da ƙarfinsa, yayin da Raziel yana buƙatar rayuka - faɗakarwa, wanda ke mayar da hankali kan fasahohin hack da slash, kuma yana ba da damar mai kunnawa ya kashe kuma ya ciyar daga abokan gaba. ''Blood Omen 2'' da ''Defiance'' sun haɗa da tsarin ma'anar kwarewa, kuma a cikin wasanni ''na Soul Reaver'' da ''Defiance'', mai kunnawa dole ne ya canza tsakanin kayan aiki da jiragen sama na rayuwa don ci gaba - duka dauloli suna da dokoki na musamman na jiki, lissafi da makiya. Takobin Soul Reaver, makami na ƙarshe da mai-mai-mai-mai-mai-mai-mai-maimaimai da ruwa mai cinye rai wanda mahaukata ke zaune, ya bayyana a cikin duka taken biyar. Tattaunawa a cikin jerin sune florid da Elizabethan a cikin salon, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga guntuwar lokaci kamar ''Becket'', ''Lion in Winter'' and ''A Man for All Seasons'', <ref name="BtC-SR1"/> <ref name="IGN-LitMyth">{{Cite web |last=Perry |first=Douglass C. |author-link=Douglass C. Perry |date=May 18, 2006 |title=The Influence of Literature and Myth in Videogames – PC Feature |url=http://pc.ign.com/articles/709/709149p1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615073759/http://pc.ign.com/articles/709/709149p1.html |archive-date=June 15, 2006 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref> kuma kowane wasa an rubuta shi ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo, tare da monologues, asides da cutscenes interspersing gameplay. <ref name="Defiance-Q&A-IGN"/> A lokacin samar da ''Alamomin Jini'' {{'}} Silicon Knights ya ɗauki hayar ƙwararrun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo don sadar da baiwar murya, abin da ya faru wanda Crystal Dynamics ya ci gaba a wasanni masu zuwa. <ref name="BO1-SK-2"/> Simon Templeman da Michael Bell masu gabatar da muryar Kain da Raziel bi da bi. Mambobin simintin tallafawa sun haɗa da Paul Lukather a matsayin Vorador, Anna Gunn a matsayin Ariel, Richard Doyle a matsayin Moebius, da René Auberjonois a matsayin Janos Audron . Tony Jay ya buga Mortanius a cikin ''Jini'', kuma ya dawo a matsayin Dattijon Allah a wasanni masu zuwa; a cikin ''Defiance'', an sake saka Mortanius a matsayin Alastair Duncan . Gordon Hunt da Kris Zimmerman sun ba da jagorar murya daga ''Soul Reaver'' zuwa gaba. <ref name="IASIG"/> Masu haɓakawa sun haɗa ƴan wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa an haɗa su a matsayin masu haɗin gwiwa, suna yin rikodin tattaunawarsu tare maimakon keɓancewa, kuma ta haka ne aka kafa dabaru waɗanda daga baya za su wuce zuwa jerin Naughty Dog's ''Uncharted'' . <ref name="BtC-SR1"/> === Labari === [[File:LoK-Overview.jpg|right|thumb| Raziel (hagu) da Kain (dama) kamar yadda suka bayyana a ''Legacy of Kain: Defiance'' . Dukansu suna dauke da takobin Reaver.]] HLafiyar ƙasar Nosgoth tana da alaƙa da gine-gine tara da aka fi sani da Pillars of Nosgoth. Ana kiyaye Pillars ta hanyar oligarchy na masu sihiri da aka sani da Circle of Nine, kowannensu yana aiki a matsayin mai kula da Pillar mutum ɗaya. Lokacin da majiɓinci ya mutu, an haifi sabon don ya maye gurbinsu. <ref name="SR2-Manual-History">{{Cite book|last2=Amy Hennig}}</ref> A cikin gabatarwar ''Omen na jini'', an kashe Ariel, mai kula da ma'auni, kuma sakamakon sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru ya haifar da lalata ta ruhaniya na Pillars da masu kula da su. <ref name="BO1-SK-3">{{Cite web |date=January 13, 1997 |title=SK: The Complete Guide To Legacy of Kain – Cinematic Themes |url=http://www.dark-chronicle.co.uk/resources/bo1_faq/faqtheme.htm |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[Silicon Knights]]}}</ref> Bayan shekaru talatin, Kain, wani matashi mai daraja, an kashe shi ta hanyar brigands, kuma ya tashe shi a matsayin vampire ta wani necromancer, Mortanius. Mortanius ya jagoranci da mai kallo na Ariel, yana bin diddigin ya kashe masu gadi a cikin bege na samun fansa da magani ga vampirism, amma sannu a hankali ya fara rungumar sabon ikonsa. Yayin farautar Moebius, mai kula da lokaci, ya ƙi shawarar Vorador (babban vampire), kuma ya yi tafiya a cikin lokaci. Yin amfani da Soul Reaver, ya hana wani azzalumi sarki zuwa kan mulki, amma rashin daidaituwa na wucin gadi wanda wannan ya haifar da sabon tsarin lokaci inda mutanen Nosgoth suka fara farautar vampires don halakarwa. Kain ya gano cewa Mortanius - majiɓincin mutuwa - ya shirya kisan sa don share Da'irar kuma ya kashe duka sai ɗaya daga cikin masu gadi. Kain ya fahimci cewa shi da kansa shi ne majiɓincin ɓarna na ƙarshe, wanda aka haife shi a matsayin magajin Ariel, kuma an bar shi ya yanke shawara tsakanin sadaukar da kansa don maido da duniya (amma lalata tseren vampire), ko kuma mulkin Nosgoth a cikin la'anta. ''Soul Reaver'' ya tabbatar da cewa Kain, wanda ya ƙi da makircin mutane, ya zaɓi zaɓi na ƙarshe kuma ya rungumi vampirism a matsayin albarka. Ya tayar da wani kadar of vampire lieutenants don cin nasara a kan mulkokin mutane na Nosgoth, ya kafa daula mai iko duka a ƙarƙashin ikonsa yayin da ƙasa ke lalacewa. Shekaru 1500 bayan abubuwan da suka faru na ''Blood Omen'', Raziel, mabiyinsa na fari, ya ƙetare Kain, kuma aka kashe shi. Wani mahaluki mai kama da wanda aka sani da The Elder Allah ya ta da Raziel, wanda da sauri ya fuskanci Kain. Kain ya bugi Raziel da Reaver, amma ta farfasa masa, kuma ruhun kamamme a da ya ɗaure kansa a hannun Raziel. Raziel ya kashe ’yan’uwansa ’yan’uwansa, kuma ya gano cewa Kain ya ta da su duka daga gawawwakin Sarafan, ’yan’uwantaka na ruhaniya tsohuwar farautar vampire. Cikin fushi da wannan wahayin, sai ya bi Kain zuwa injin Moebius da aka daɗe da barinsa, kuma Kain ya ruɗe shi a baya. A cikin ''Soul Reaver 2'', Raziel ya hada baki tare da Moebius don halakar Kain, amma - bayan ya gane cewa Kain yana so ya mayar da Pillars, kuma ya koyi cewa Moebius yana bauta wa Allah dattijo a asirce - sha'awar ɗaukar fansa yana fushi da wani mafi girma. neman wayewa da 'yanci daga shiga cikin kaddara. A kan shawara daga Vorador, yana neman Janos Audron, wani sanannen, wanda ya daɗe da mutuwa wanda ke riƙe da mabuɗin makomarsa. Raziel ya taimaka wa Kain wajen haifar da wani sabani wanda ya canza makomar Kain, ya tsawaita rayuwarsa, kuma ya yi tafiya cikin tarihin Nosgoth. Da ya fara tona asirin abubuwan da ya gabata, ya gana da Janos a taƙaice a zamanin Sarafan, amma ya gane cewa nasa, tsohon ɗan adam ne ya kashe tsohon vampire. Ya karkashe sarakunan Sarafan, kuma ya kashe tsohon kansa, ya zama silar daular Kain ta gaba da tarihinsa. A cikin wasiƙar ƙarshe, ya gano cewa shi ne ruhin maɗaukaki da aka ƙaddara a ɗaure shi a cikin Reaver — cewa zagayowar makomarsa ba za ta ƙare ba. A minti na ƙarshe, Kain ya ceci Raziel daga wannan kaddara kuma ya ɗauki Reaver mara komai, amma fa'idar da wannan ke haifar da canza tarihi don muni. ''Soul Reaver 2'', ''Blood Omen 2'' da ''Defiance'' suna fadada tarihin jerin abubuwan. Da farko, tare da mutane, wasu manyan jinsuna biyu sun kasance a cikin nisa na Nosgoth: tsohuwar vampires da Hylden . Vampires sun ɗaukaka ruhaniya da dabarar rabo, yayin da Hylden sun kasance masu son fasaha. Ko da yake vampires sun bauta wa Allah dattijo, Hylden ya ƙi koyarwarsa, kuma vampires sun shelanta yaƙi don mayar da martani ga wannan sabo. Yin amfani da sihiri mai ban mamaki, vampires sun kafa Pillars, sun kori Hylden zuwa wani nau'i, kuma suka ƙirƙira Reaver a matsayin kariya. Hylden ya ramawa ta hanyar azabtar da vampires tare da la'anar jini, wanda ya canza su zuwa matattu, mafarauta na ɗan adam. An sake su daga dabarar rabo da allahnsu, yawancin vampires sun juya zuwa kashe kansa, kuma yayin da tserensu ya mutu, mutanen Nosgoth sun kwace ikon Pillars. A cikin ƙarnuka da yawa, Hylden ya yi taƙawa a kan shingen kurkukun su, yana neman kawar da Pillars. Cin hanci da rashawa na Kain ya hana shi fahimtar matsayinsa a matsayin mai kula da ma'auni - yana neman ko ta yaya ya warware matsalar da ya fuskanta a ƙarshen ''jinin jini'' ta hanyar dawo da Pillars da mayar da su ga mulkin vampire. Kisa Raziel ya zama tilas - na musamman, kaddararsa ta keke-da-keke ta ba shi yancin zaɓi, wanda ya ba Kain damar ƙirƙirar ruɗani da ƙin tarihi. <ref name="Defiance-Q&A-JRK">{{Cite web |last=Fernádez |first=Jen |last2=Lemarchand |first2=Richard |last3=Mannerberg |first3=Kyle |title=Question and Answer with Jen, Richard, and Kyle |url=http://www.thelostworlds.net/Defiance/Question_and_Answer_with_Jen_Richard_and_Kyle.html |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=The Lost Worlds}}</ref> ''Blood Omen 2'' yana bin ƙaramin Kain a cikin canjin lokaci da aka ƙirƙira a ƙarshen ''Soul Reaver 2'', yana nuna yaƙin da ya yi da shugaban Hylden. A ƙarshe, Kain ya kashe Ubangiji Hylden, kuma ya tafi, don kafa daularsa daga ''Soul Reaver'' . ''Defiance'' yana rufe abubuwan da suka gabata a cikin lokaci guda, kai tsaye bayan ''Soul Reaver 2'' . Kain da Raziel kowanne ya gano shaidar cewa tsohowar vampires da Hylden sun yi annabci na zakara guda biyu-daya wakiltar kowace kabila-waɗanda za su yanke shawarar makomar Nosgoth. Yayin da Raziel ya yunƙura ya ta da Janos don ya tsere wa kaddara, Kain ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana shi, kuma an ja su biyu zuwa yaƙi. Raziel ya koya daga Mortanius cewa Kain ya taso ne ta hanyar amfani da zuciyar Janos, kuma ya tsage wannan daga kirjin Kain a yakinsu na karshe, da alama ya kashe tsohon ubangidansa. Ko da yake ya ɓaci, Raziel ya ta da Janos, wanda ya ja-gorance shi zuwa gwaji na ƙarshe. Ko da yake ya yi nasara, yana karɓar iko na ruhaniya, Raziel ya shaida rushewar Pillars. Sakamakon warwarewar ya baiwa Hylden Ubangiji damar mallakar Janos (yana sauƙaƙe mamayewarsa a cikin ''Blood Omen 2'' ), kuma Raziel ya sha kashi a yaƙin da ya biyo baya, Allah dattijo ya kama shi. Ya kammala da cewa Dattijon, wanda rayukan Nosgoth suka ci gaba, shine babban dalilin da ya haifar da duk rikice-rikice da rikici a cikin tarihi, kuma ya gane cewa shi, da kansa, ya kasance duka zakarun Vampiric da Hylden; Kain ba haka ba. 'Yancin sa, da kaddararsa ta shiga Reaver (ya cinye kansa), yana tabbatar da cewa babu wanda zai iya cin nasara. <ref name="Defiance-Q&A-AH">{{Cite web |last=Hennig |first=Amy |author-link=Amy Hennig |title=Question and Answer with Amy Hennig |url=http://www.thelostworlds.net/Defiance/Question_and_Answer_with_Amy_Hennig.html |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=The Lost Worlds}}</ref> Daga baya, Kain ya farka cikin mu'ujiza, duk da cewa zuciyarsa ta rasa. Ya ci karo da Raziel, suka sulhunta; Raziel ya shiga Reaver da son rai, amma da farko yana amfani da ikonsa na ruhaniya don tsarkake Kain daga cin hanci da rashawa da ya gada a lokacin haihuwa a matsayin memba na Circle of Nine. <ref name="Defiance Team Answers">{{Cite web |last=Bruno |first=Chris |title=Answers to questions from the Defiance team |url=http://forums.eu.square-enix.com/showthread.php?t=49339 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[Square Enix Europe]]}}</ref> Ta haka aka warke, Kain ya sami ikon fahimtar Allahn dattijo a karon farko. Sun yi arangama a taqaice, kuma Kain ya raunata Dattijon tare da Reaver, amma ya kasa halaka shi. Yayin da yake duban Nosgoth, Kain yana tunanin sadaukarwar Raziel, da ɗanɗanon bege na farko da ya ba shi. === Jigogi === Kowane wasan ''Legacy na Kain'' ya shafi jigogi daban-daban da ɗimbin matsaloli, amma babban batun falsafancinsu ya ƙunshi kisa da gwagwarmayar ɗan adam don yancin zaɓi. <ref name="IGN-LitMyth"/> ''Maganar jini'' an yi niyya ne don tambayar "menene mugunta? Watakila hangen nesa ne kawai", da kuma "magana da ɗabi'a, mugunta da nagarta, farfaganda da kaddara ta hanyoyin da ba a taɓa yin bincike a cikin wasan kwamfuta ba". <ref name="BO1-SK-1"/> <ref name="BO1-SK-2"/> Sauran batutuwan ɓoye sun haɗa da amana, magudi da cin amana, waɗanda suka wuce cikin mabi'un Crystal Dynamics. A cikin ''Soul Reaver'' da ''Soul Reaver 2'', Amy Hennig ta gano "tambayar 'yancin zaɓe a cikin sararin samaniya da alama ke mulki ta hanyar kaddara" a matsayin ainihin labarin. <ref name="IGN-LitMyth" /> [[Ginost|Gnosticism]], wanda a cikinsa "duniya abin duniya ruɗi ne, ƙaryar da wani allah na ƙarya da mugunta ya yi wanda manufarsa ita ce kiyaye ran ɗan adam a cikin duhu da jahilci" kuma burin jarumi shine "ilimi, wayewa, da fallasa gaskiya. ", ya taimaka wajen tsara baka na Raziel. <ref name="SR2-OPM"/> <ref name="BtC-SR1"/> <ref name="IGN-LitMyth" /> Jigogi na yanke ƙauna, bege da haske a cikin ayyukan TS Eliot da [[James Joyce]] sun rinjayi labarin. <ref name="IGN-LitMyth" /> Masu haɓakawa kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su juyar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan abubuwa a cikin adabi da wasan kwaikwayo. Silicon Knights Conceptualized Kain, a vampire antihero wahayi zuwa gare ta [[Clint Eastwood]] 's ''Unforgiven'', a matsayin atypical "launin toka" protagonist, ba mai kyau ko mugunta, duk da an shawarce shi a cikin 1993 cewa irin wannan hali ba zai jawo hankalin 'yan wasa. <ref name="BO1-SK-1"/> <ref name="BO1-SK-2"/> <ref name="IGN-LitMyth"/> Hakazalika, Hennig ya haɓaka Raziel a matsayin "ƙananan ƴan ta'adda masu adalci" tare da ɓatanci, neman fansa da ɗaukaka ta hanyar ilimi, sabanin gwarzo mai manufa. <ref name="SR2-OPM"/> <ref name="SR2-Q&A-IGN"/> Zana daga ra'ayoyin Joseph Campbell, <ref name="SR1-SegaWeb"/> ta ji zai zama mai ban sha'awa don ganin yadda 'yan wasa ke fassara halin kirki a cikin wannan mahallin, kuma ta yi jayayya cewa "Hanya daya tilo da jarumi zai iya samun nasara shine ta hanyar bin hanyarsa. Idan dai ya kasance. bin hanyar da wani ya shimfida, a karshe zai yi kasa a gwiwa”. <ref name="SR2-OPM" /> ''Defiance'' ya kwatanta Kain da Raziel a matsayin [[Sophocles|Sophoclean]] Oedipus - kamar adadi, "ƙaddara ce ta ratsa shi". <ref name="IGN-LitMyth" /> <ref name="Defiance-Kyle">{{Cite web |last=Mannerberg |first=Kyle |date=November 5, 2003 |title=Legacy of Kain: Defiance Designer Diary #3 |url=http://gamespot.com/legacy-of-kain-defiance/previews/legacy-of-kain-defiance-designer-diary-3-6078211/ |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> Hennig ya ce "su jarumai ne saboda sun ki mika wuya, ko da an tafka magudi a kansu". <ref name="IGN-LitMyth" /> == Ci gaba == [[Fayil:Philip_Burne-Jones_-_The_Vampire.jpg|thumb| Tatsuniyar Vampire ta kasance tushen tsakiyar bayan samar da jerin, kamar yadda [[Ginost|gnosticism]], adabin adabi da ayyukan Joseph Campbell .]] A lokacin da kuma bayan kammala ''Dark Legions'', <ref name="LyleHall"/> Silicon Knights sun shafe watanni da yawa suna aiki akan zane na ''Jini'' ba tare da wani dandamali ba a zuciya. <ref name="BO1-SK-1"/> <ref name="BO1-SK-2"/> <ref name="SK-Site-Games">{{Cite web |title=Games |url=http://www.siliconknights.com/quests.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112223517/http://www.siliconknights.com/quests.html |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[Silicon Knights]]}}</ref> Manyan abubuwan da ke bayan aikin sun haɗa da ''Wheel of Time'', ''Necroscope'' da wasan kwaikwayo na Shakespeare, yayin da manufar Pillars na Nosgoth ta samo asali ne daga zane-zane na ''Pillars na Duniya'' . <ref name="BO1-SK-1" /> <ref name="BO1-SK-2" /> Crystal Dynamics sun yarda da buga wasan a 1993, kuma ko da yake akwai rashin yanke shawara game da ko ya kamata a samar da shi don 3DO Interactive Multiplayer ko Sega Saturn, bangarorin biyu sun zauna a kan PlayStation da zarar Sony ya sanar da ƙaddamar da shi. <ref name="BO1-SK-2" /> Wasan ya ɗauki sama da shekaru uku don haɓakawa, <ref name="BO1-SK-1" /> <ref name="SR1-SegaWeb"/> yana fuskantar babban tsarin haɓakawa wanda ke buƙatar Silicon Knights don ƙara yawan ma'aikatansa-Crystal Dynamics ya aika da ma'aikata da yawa don taimaka musu, gami da Amy Hennig da Seth Carus. <ref name="BO1-SK-1" /> <ref name="Defiance-Richard"/> <ref name="BO1-Credits">{{Cite web |title=Blood Omen: Legacy of Kain – credits |url=http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=24521&tab=credits |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115191732/http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=24521&tab=credits |archive-date=November 15, 2014 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[allgame]]}}</ref> Bayan "Ƙoƙarin Herculean ", an saki ''Omen jini'' a ƙarshen 1996. <ref name="LyleHall" /> Bayan nasararsa, Silicon Knights yayi tunanin ƙirƙirar wani mabiyi a cikin abin da suka bayyana a matsayin jerin ''abubuwan Omen na jini'', <ref name="BO1-SK-2" /> <ref name="Dyack-Shifter"/> <ref name="AngryDyack">{{Cite web |last=Kollar |first=Philip |date=March 17, 2008 |title=Denis Dyack on Story and Content in Games, Part 2 |url=http://www.1up.com/news/denis-dyack-interview |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104204902/http://www.1up.com/news/denis-dyack-interview |archive-date=November 4, 2012 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[1UP.com]]}}</ref> amma dangantakarsu da Crystal Dynamics ta rushe a cikin 1997. <ref name="ArtOfGames">{{Cite web |last=Casamassina |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Casamassina |date=October 19, 2000 |title=The Art of Making Games |url=http://ign.com/articles/2000/10/19/the-art-of-making-games |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref> Crystal Dynamics ya fara haɓaka ''Soul Reaver'' a ciki, kuma Eidos Interactive ya samo shi yayin samarwa. <ref name="SR1-SegaWeb" /> A cikin 1998, Silicon Knights ya shigar da kara a kan Crystal Dynamics don haƙƙin ''Legacy na Kain'' IP, yana neman umarni don hana Crystal Dynamics daga tallan tallace-tallace. <ref name="KnightsFight">{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Chris |date=April 14, 1998 |title=Knights Fight for Kain |url=http://gamespot.com/news/knights-fight-for-kain-2463492 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> Gidajen studio biyu sun sasanta takaddamarsu ta shari'a a asirce, kuma Crystal Dynamics da Eidos sun riƙe haƙƙoƙin ''Legacy of Kain'' ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan Kain, muddin ''Soul Reaver'' ya amince da Silicon Knights a matsayin mahaliccin asalin jerin. <ref name="ArtOfGames"/> ''Aljanna Lost'' ita ce asali ta asali a bayan ra'ayi, <ref name="BtC-SR1"/> <ref name="Defiance-Richard"/> da kuma tushe kamar su Rabbinic lore, vampire mythology, Gabas tatsuniyoyi da sufi su ma sun kasance mabuɗin tasiri. <ref name="SR1-SegaWeb"/> <ref name="Defiance-Richard" /> An aro abubuwan gani daga fina-finai kamar ''Birnin Lost Children'' da ''Majalisar Dokta Caligari'', da Cthulhu Mythos na HP Lovecraft . <ref name="BtC-SR1" /> <ref name="Defiance-Richard" /> <ref name="DCab-BO2"/> <ref name="IGN-LitMyth"/> An yi tsammanin ''Soul Reaver'' sosai duk da jinkiri da yawa, kuma an inganta shi a kan murfin fiye da mujallu na masana'antar wasanni goma, <ref name="SR1-Promotion"/> amma matsalolin jadawalin tilasta Crystal Dynamics don yanke abun ciki daga jerin ƙarewa. Sun yi niyya don haɗa kayan da aka cire a cikin mabiyi. <ref name="SR1-Response"/> <ref name="Linked">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Andrew |title=Andrew Bennett |url=http://www.linkedin.com/in/andrewbennett |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[LinkedIn]]}}</ref> ''Soul Reaver 2'' an yi wahayi zuwa ta hanyar almara na balaguro na lokaci da binciken Kurt Rudolph game da Gnosticism. <ref name="SR2-OPM"/> An tsara shi don haɗawa da ƙarin abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo na ''Blood Omen'' {{'}} da kuma faɗin faɗin iyawar da ake iya samu, <ref name="SR1-SegaWeb" /> kodayake ƙungiyar ta kasance naƙasasshe ta hanyar sakin PlayStation 2. <ref name="SR2-Q&A-GS"/> An samar da aikin ''Soul Reaver 2'' don PlayStation na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma, bayan ƙirƙirar demo na tabbatar da ra'ayi, an ba masu haɓakawa izini don kawar da aikin su kuma su canza zuwa sabon na'ura. Tare da "babban sadaukarwa, da sa'o'in rashin lafiya", an haɓaka wasan a cikin watanni 17; kamar yadda yake tare da ''Soul Reaver'', an yanke fasali da yawa don saduwa da ranar ƙarshe. <ref name="SR2-OPM">{{Cite journal |last=Davison |first=John |last2=Rybicki |first2=Joe |date=September 2000 |journal=[[Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine]] |issue=36}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDavisonRybicki2000">Davison, John; Rybicki, Joe (September 2000). ''[[Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine]]'' (36).</cite><span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite journal|cite journal]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">&#x7C;title=</code> ([[Help:CS1 errors#citation missing title|help]])</span> [[Category:CS1 errors: missing title]]</ref> <ref name="SR2-Q&A-GS"/> ''Blood Omen 2'' an haɓaka shi a lokaci guda ta ƙungiyar Crystal Dynamics mai zaman kanta tare da ƙwaƙƙwaran ikon kai, <ref name="Defiance-Richard"/> <ref name="DCab-BO2"/> wanda ke haɓakawa daga ƙarni na 19 na steampunk na ''Soul Reaver'' don daidaitawa kan jin daɗin [[Zamanin Victorian|Victoria]] . <ref name="BtC-SR1"/> <ref name="BO2-DD-1">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Steve |last2=Robbins |first2=Bret |last3=Ellis |first3=Mike |date=March 8, 2002 |title=Blood Omen 2 Designer Diary No. 1 |url=http://gamespot.com/blood-omen-2/previews/blood-omen-2-designer-diary-1-2853830/?page=1 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> Ma'aikatanta sun yi taka-tsan-tsan da dogaro da karfi kan asalin ''Jini'' na asali a matsayin tasiri, kuma sun fadada kan tarihin ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon ''mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar kamfani'', da fatan fara sabon jerin shirye-shirye, <ref name="BO2-DD-2">{{Cite web |last=Ellis |first=Mike |date=March 13, 2002 |title=Blood Omen 2 Designer Diary No. 2 |url=http://gamespot.com/blood-omen-2/previews/blood-omen-2-designer-diary-2-2854456/ |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> a wasa na gaba. <ref name="DCab-BO2" /> ''Defiance'' yana wakiltar "sabon tsarin" ga ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani, tare da ƙarin mai da hankali kan wasan kwaikwayo, tsarin yaƙi da aka sabunta, da rubutun, kusurwar kyamarar cinematic. <ref name="Defiance-Q&A-IGN"/> A cikin 2008, ya bayyana cewa wasa na shida, ''Legacy of Kain: The Dark Prophecy'', ya ɗan ɗanɗana ci gaba a Ritual Entertainment a cikin 2004 kafin a soke shi. <ref name="TDP-DT">{{Cite web |last=Sterling |first=Jim |date=July 26, 2010 |title=Canceled game: Legacy of Kain: The Dark Prophecy |url=http://www.destructoid.com/canceled-game-legacy-of-kain-the-dark-prophecy-179871.phtml |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[Destructoid]]}}</ref> <ref name="DCab-TDP">{{Cite web |last=Cabuco |first=Daniel |date=August 13, 2012 |title=A few questions (post #2) |url=http://www.dcabdesign.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=21#p21 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=DCabDesign.com}}</ref> Daga baya, a cikin 2013, Square Enix ya tabbatar da zargin cewa Climax Studios ya yi aiki a kan wani sabon ''Legacy na Kain'', don PlayStation 4 - ''Legacy of Kain: Dead Sun'' - har sai an soke wannan aikin a 2012. <ref name="DeadSun">{{Cite web |last=Purchese |first=Robert |date=June 19, 2013 |title=Square Enix acknowledges cancelled Legacy of Kain game Dead Sun |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2013-06-19-square-enix-acknowledges-cancelled-legacy-of-kain-game-dead-sun |access-date=2013-06-22 |website=[[Destructoid]]}}</ref> == Sauran kafofin watsa labarai == Kiɗa daga duka ''Soul Reaver'' da ''Soul Reaver 2'' an sake shi akan sautin ƙararrawa a cikin 2001. <ref name="Soundtrack">{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Shahed |date=October 16, 2001 |title=Eidos packs in the extras with Soul Reaver 2 |url=http://gamespot.com/news/eidos-packs-in-the-extras-with-soul-reaver-2-2818096 |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> Don ''Soul Reaver'', Amy Hennig ya zaɓi Kurt Harland na synthpop band Information Society don tsara maki. A cewar Harland, wani abokin aiki ya gabatar da ƙungiyar ''Soul Reaver'' zuwa aikinsa ta hanyar "Ozar Midrahim", waƙa daga kundi na 1997 na Information Society, ''Kada ku ji tsoro'' . <ref name="KurtHarland">{{Cite web |title=InSoc.Eyep.net interview |url=http://www.insoc.com.br/english/mix/eyep.php |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=Information Society Brasil |archive-date=2012-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216185818/http://www.insoc.com.br/english/mix/eyep.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan waƙar ta ci gaba da bayyana a cikin ''Soul Reaver'' azaman jigon buɗewa. Harland ya yi aiki tare da injiniyan sauti Jim Hedges a cikin ƙirƙirar tsarin sauti mai daidaitawa don ''Soul Reaver'' wanda ya ba da damar kiɗan ya canza dangane da mahallin wasan. Wannan tsarin ya zama jigon wasanni na gaba a cikin jerin. <ref name="IASIG"/> Bayan da aka saki ''Soul Reaver'', ƙididdigar ayyuka na haruffa Kain da Raziel an halicce su ta Blue Box Interactive da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa tare da haɗin gwiwar Eidos. <ref name="Playthings">{{Cite journal |last=Gerardi |first=Dave |date=April 2001 |title=Pixel properties |journal=[[Playthings (magazine)|Playthings]] |publisher=[[Reed Business Information]] |volume=99 |issue=4 |at=53 |issn=0032-1567}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pelaez |first=Jorge |title=REVIEW: NECA's Player Select RAZIEL |url=http://www.figures.com/databases/action.cgi?setup_file=fignews2.setup&category=actionfigures&topic=65&show_article=514 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511133211/http://www.figures.com/databases/action.cgi?setup_file=fignews2.setup&category=actionfigures&topic=65&show_article=514 |archive-date=May 11, 2008 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=Figures.com}}</ref> An fito da wani wasan ban dariya mai gabatarwa guda ɗaya ta Top Cow Productions a cikin Oktoba 1999 don haɓaka sakin ''Soul Reaver'', wanda ke nuna vampire Raziel kuma yana aiki azaman prequel ga abubuwan wasan. <ref name="SR1-SegaWeb"/> Top Cow ya haɗu tare da Crystal Dynamics don samar da wasan ban dariya na biyu a farkon 2004, yana maido da jerin abubuwan baya, don daidaitawa tare da sakin ''Defiance'' . <ref name="DefianceComic">{{Cite web |title=LEGACY OF KAIN: DEFIANCE |url=http://www.topcow.com/comics/51/current |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210083248/http://www.topcow.com/comics/51/current |archive-date=February 10, 2005 |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[Top Cow Productions]]}}</ref> Dukansu Kain da Raziel kuma suna fasalta a matsayin haruffa masu iya kunnawa a cikin abubuwan da za a iya saukewa don 2010's ''Lara Croft da Guardian of Light'' . <ref name="LC">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=Ben |date=December 1, 2010 |title=Kane & Lynch and Kain & Raziel buddy up in Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light DLC |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2010/12/01/kane-and-lynch-and-kain-and-raziel-buddy-up-in-lara-croft-and-the-gu/ |access-date=2012-10-31 |publisher=[[Joystiq]]}}</ref> <ref name="LC2">{{Cite web |last=McWhertor |first=Michael |date=December 1, 2010 |title=Kane and Lynch and Kain and Raziel and the Guardian of Light |url=http://kotaku.com/5703433/kane-and-lynch-and-kain-and-raziel-and-the-guardian-of-light |access-date=2012-10-31 |website=[[Kotaku]]}}</ref> A watan Yuni 2024, wani labari mai hoto mai suna ''Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver - Matattu Za Su Tashi'' an bayyana shi yana cikin ayyukan a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Crystal Dynamics da Bit Bot Media kuma ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar Kickstarter. Littafin labari mai hoto yana aiki azaman prequel ga ''Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver'' kuma ya sake haskaka rayuwar ɗan adam ta Raziel a matsayin jarumi na Sarafan kuma ya bayyana yadda ya zama vampire mai hidima a ƙarƙashin Kain. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2024 |title=Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver Returns in New Prequel Graphic Novel |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/legacy-of-kain-soul-reaver-returns-in-new-prequel-graphic-novel}}</ref> Daga baya Bit Bot Media ya sanar da cewa Klayton na Celldweller yana da hannu a cikin samarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C84uwmAO6mZ/}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p2ss346aehm435wh66ffzm8aof70gzj 0 93923 887731 885387 2026-07-26T14:42:02Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342023586|Apprenticeship Levy]]" 887731 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harajin Horarwa''' haraji ne da ake biya wa ma'aikata a Burtaniya wanda ake amfani da shi don daukar nauyin horar da sana'o'i . An gabatar da shi a farkon shekarar haraji ta 2017/18, duk ma'aikata za su biya shi tare da lissafin albashin shekara-shekara sama da fam miliyan 3, akan ƙimar 0.5% na jimlar kuɗin albashinsu. Ana karɓar ta ta hanyar tsarin Biya kamar yadda kuka samu tare da sauran harajin aiki. == Tarihi == Shugaban Ma'aikatar Baitulmali George Osborne ne ya sanar da Harajin Horarwa a cikin kasafin kuɗin watan Yulin 2015 wanda aka gudanar bayan babban zaɓen shekarar. Daga baya an haɗa shi cikin doka ta Sashe na 6 na Dokar Kuɗi ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Act 2016, Part 6 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/24/part/6 |access-date=4 July 2017 |website=Legislation.gov.uk |publisher=UK government}}</ref> kuma ya fara aiki a farkon shekarar harajin Burtaniya ta 2017/18 a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2017. An yi hasashen cewa za ta tara fam biliyan 2.675 a shekarar farko da ta fara aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Information on Apprenticeship Levy |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/545145/Apprenticeships_-expected_levy_and_total_spend_-_Aug_2016.pdf |access-date=4 July 2017 |publisher=UK Department for Education}}</ref> == Aiki == Ma'aikata ne ke biyan harajin koyon aiki tare da lissafin albashin shekara-shekara sama da fam miliyan 3. A wannan mahallin, an bayyana lissafin albashi a matsayin ribar da za a biya ga gudummawar Inshorar Ƙasa ta aji 1. Ana biyan harajin ne da kashi 0.5% na jimlar kuɗin albashi (watau ba kawai abin da ya wuce fam miliyan 3 ba) ban da "alamar haraji" ta shekara-shekara ta £15,000, kodayake jimlar kuɗin da za a biya ya yi daidai da kashi 0.5% na abin da ya wuce fam miliyan 3. Ana biyan kuɗin harajin da ma'aikaci ke biya ga HMRC ta hanyar tsarin Biyan Kuɗi (PAYE) tare da biyan Harajin Shiga, gudummawar Inshorar Ƙasa da kuɗin da aka cire daga albashin ma'aikata don biyan Lamunin Ɗalibai . Akwai shirye-shirye daban-daban na amfani da kuɗin da aka tara ta hanyar harajin a kowace ƙasa ta Ingila, Scotland, Wales da Arewacin Ireland, tunda horon aiki tsari ne na rarrabawa . === Amfani da kuɗi a Ingila === A Ingila, amfani da kuɗin fito don neman guraben karo ilimi alhakin Ma'aikatar Ilimi ne, wanda Hukumar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi da Ƙwarewa ke bayarwa. Harajin da kowane ma'aikaci ke biya yana cikin 'asusun dijital' wanda ma'aikaci zai iya amfani da shi don biyan kuɗin horon koyon aiki. Ana ƙara kashi 10% na gudummawar gwamnati ga kowace biyan kuɗi na wata-wata. Kuɗaɗen da ke cikin asusun dijital suna nan har tsawon watanni 24 daga ranar da aka biya. Duk wani adadin da ba a kashe ba bayan wannan lokacin zai ƙare kuma HMRC za ta sake karɓar sa, gami da gudummawar kashi 10%. Ana biyan kuɗi daga asusun dijital kai tsaye ga masu ba da horo kowane wata, muddin mai koyon ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin shirin (watau, har sai an kammala koyon aikin ko kuma mai koyon ya bar aiki). Duk wani horon da aka dakatar ƙasa da kwana 42 bayan fara horon ba zai cancanci a biya shi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apprenticeship technical funding guide - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/apprenticeship-technical-funding-guide |access-date=2018-04-12 |language=en}}</ref> Da farko, kamfanonin da ke biyan haraji za su iya raba kashi 10% na harajinsu ga wasu 'yan kasuwa. Lokacin da aka gabatar da wannan tanadi, kamfani zai iya zaɓar wani kamfani ɗaya kawai don ya karɓi asusun harajinsa, amma daga watan Yulin 2018 an faɗaɗa wannan ga kamfanoni da yawa kamar yadda mai biyan haraji yake so. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, Philip Hammond, ɗan majalisar wakilai, shugaban kuɗi na ƙasar, ya sanar da cewa daga watan Afrilun 2019 kamfanoni za su iya raba har zuwa kashi 25% na harajin da suke karɓa tare da sauran 'yan kasuwa a cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki, wani mataki da 'yan kasuwa suka yi maraba da shi. == Manazarta == 2okvscl6nr2n33k6d8m2p16nqwyceqp 887732 887731 2026-07-26T14:42:25Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Harajin Horarwa''' haraji ne da ake biya wa ma'aikata a Burtaniya wanda ake amfani da shi don daukar nauyin horar da sana'o'i . An gabatar da shi a farkon shekarar haraji ta 2017/18, duk ma'aikata za su biya shi tare da lissafin albashin shekara-shekara sama da fam miliyan 3, akan ƙimar 0.5% na jimlar kuɗin albashinsu. Ana karɓar ta ta hanyar tsarin Biya kamar yadda kuka samu tare da sauran harajin aiki. == Tarihi == Shugaban Ma'aikatar Baitulmali George Osborne ne ya sanar da Harajin Horarwa a cikin kasafin kuɗin watan Yulin 2015 wanda aka gudanar bayan babban zaɓen shekarar. Daga baya an haɗa shi cikin doka ta Sashe na 6 na Dokar Kuɗi ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Act 2016, Part 6 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2016/24/part/6 |access-date=4 July 2017 |website=Legislation.gov.uk |publisher=UK government}}</ref> kuma ya fara aiki a farkon shekarar harajin Burtaniya ta 2017/18 a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2017. An yi hasashen cewa za ta tara fam biliyan 2.675 a shekarar farko da ta fara aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Information on Apprenticeship Levy |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/545145/Apprenticeships_-expected_levy_and_total_spend_-_Aug_2016.pdf |access-date=4 July 2017 |publisher=UK Department for Education}}</ref> == Aiki == Ma'aikata ne ke biyan harajin koyon aiki tare da lissafin albashin shekara-shekara sama da fam miliyan 3. A wannan mahallin, an bayyana lissafin albashi a matsayin ribar da za a biya ga gudummawar Inshorar Ƙasa ta aji 1. Ana biyan harajin ne da kashi 0.5% na jimlar kuɗin albashi (watau ba kawai abin da ya wuce fam miliyan 3 ba) ban da "alamar haraji" ta shekara-shekara ta £15,000, kodayake jimlar kuɗin da za a biya ya yi daidai da kashi 0.5% na abin da ya wuce fam miliyan 3. Ana biyan kuɗin harajin da ma'aikaci ke biya ga HMRC ta hanyar tsarin Biyan Kuɗi (PAYE) tare da biyan Harajin Shiga, gudummawar Inshorar Ƙasa da kuɗin da aka cire daga albashin ma'aikata don biyan Lamunin Ɗalibai . Akwai shirye-shirye daban-daban na amfani da kuɗin da aka tara ta hanyar harajin a kowace ƙasa ta Ingila, Scotland, Wales da Arewacin Ireland, tunda horon aiki tsari ne na rarrabawa . === Amfani da kuɗi a Ingila === A Ingila, amfani da kuɗin fito don neman guraben karo ilimi alhakin Ma'aikatar Ilimi ne, wanda Hukumar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi da Ƙwarewa ke bayarwa. Harajin da kowane ma'aikaci ke biya yana cikin 'asusun dijital' wanda ma'aikaci zai iya amfani da shi don biyan kuɗin horon koyon aiki. Ana ƙara kashi 10% na gudummawar gwamnati ga kowace biyan kuɗi na wata-wata. Kuɗaɗen da ke cikin asusun dijital suna nan har tsawon watanni 24 daga ranar da aka biya. Duk wani adadin da ba a kashe ba bayan wannan lokacin zai ƙare kuma HMRC za ta sake karɓar sa, gami da gudummawar kashi 10%. Ana biyan kuɗi daga asusun dijital kai tsaye ga masu ba da horo kowane wata, muddin mai koyon ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin shirin (watau, har sai an kammala koyon aikin ko kuma mai koyon ya bar aiki). Duk wani horon da aka dakatar ƙasa da kwana 42 bayan fara horon ba zai cancanci a biya shi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apprenticeship technical funding guide - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/apprenticeship-technical-funding-guide |access-date=2018-04-12 |language=en}}</ref> Da farko, kamfanonin da ke biyan haraji za su iya raba kashi 10% na harajinsu ga wasu 'yan kasuwa. Lokacin da aka gabatar da wannan tanadi, kamfani zai iya zaɓar wani kamfani ɗaya kawai don ya karɓi asusun harajinsa, amma daga watan Yulin 2018 an faɗaɗa wannan ga kamfanoni da yawa kamar yadda mai biyan haraji yake so. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, Philip Hammond, ɗan majalisar wakilai, shugaban kuɗi na ƙasar, ya sanar da cewa daga watan Afrilun 2019 kamfanoni za su iya raba har zuwa kashi 25% na harajin da suke karɓa tare da sauran 'yan kasuwa a cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki, wani mataki da 'yan kasuwa suka yi maraba da shi. == Manazarta == ofssps10v71v10h3ux1xgr2swnmqoh3 0 95106 887969 607646 2026-07-27T05:18:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Linda Argote''' masaniyar kimiyya ce ta Amurka da ta ke da a ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin halayyar masana'antu da ƙungiyoyi. Ita ce Thomas Lord Farfesa na Halin Ƙungiya da Ka'idar <ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Carnegie Mellon |date= |title=Personal Mention - The Piper - Carnegie Mellon University |url=http://www.cmu.edu/piper/news/archives/2021/march/march-25-personals.html |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=www.cmu.edu |language=en}}</ref> a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Tepper a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon, inda take jagorantar Cibiyar Ilimi ta Ƙungiya, Innovation da Ilimi. A cikin 2023, an zabi Argote a matsayin Fellow na Ƙungiyar Amirka don Ci gaban Kimiyya (AAAS). Argote ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Dean na Faculty da Bincike a Makarantar Tepper daga 2020-2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Carnegie Mellon |date= |title=Linda Argote Appointed Senior Associate Dean for Faculty and Research - Tepper School of Business - Carnegie Mellon University |url=https://www.cmu.edu/tepper/news/stories/2020/july/linda-argote-associate-dean.html |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=www.cmu.edu |language=en}}</ref> Argote tana da alƙawura a Kwalejin Heinz da Sashen Kimiyya na Jama'a da Shawarwari a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon. == Ilimi da aiki == Argote ta kammala karatu a shekara ta 1975 tare da girmamawa mai girma daga Jami'ar Tulane, tana karatun ilimin halayyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-05 |title=Funding Research |url=https://college.tulane.edu/stories/the-collegian-2020/funding-research |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=Newcomb-Tulane College |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta kammala Ph.D. a cikin ilimin halayyar jama'a a Jami'ar Michigan a 1979, kuma a wannan shekarar ta shiga jami'ar Carnegie Mellon. Ta kuma gudanar da alƙawari a Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma kuma ta kasance malami mai ziyara a Jami'an Stanford, Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi da Ci gaban Jami'ar Pittsburgh, da Jami'ar Aarhus.Ta kasance Farfesa mai ziyara a Montzemolo a Makarantar Kasuwancin Alƙali ta Jami'ar Cambridge, inda ta kasance Mai ziyara a Kwalejin Sidney Sussex . Argote da aka buga a fagen ilmantarwa da canja wurin ilimi. Binciken ta ya haɗa da yadda kungiyoyi da kungiyoyi ke koyo, yadda suke riƙe da ilimin da suke samu da kuma yadda suke canja shi a ciki da tsakanin ƙungiyoyi.Ita da abokan aikinta sun gudanar da jerin karatu da nufin fahimtar bambancin da aka lura a cikin ƙimar ilmantarwa a cikin kamfanoni.Wani abu da aka mayar da hankali ga wannan aikin shine canja wurin ilimi, ko kuma yadda darussan da aka koya a cikin ƙungiyar ƙungiya ɗaya suka canja zuwa wasu raka'a.<ref name="Argote, Epple & Beckman, 1990">{{Cite journal |last=Argote |first=Linda |last2=Beckman |first2=S. |last3=Epple |first3=Dennis |date=1990 |title=The Persistence and Transfer of Learning in Industrial Settings |journal=Management Science |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=140–154 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.36.2.140}}</ref><ref name="Darr, Argote & Epple, 1995">{{Cite journal |last=Darr |first=E. |last2=Argote |first2=Linda |last3=Epple |first3=Dennis |date=1995 |title=The Acquisition, Transfer, and Depreciation of Knowledge in Service Organizations: Productivity in Franchises |journal=Management Science |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=1750–1762 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.41.11.1750 |s2cid=15798155}}</ref><ref name="Egelman, Epple, Argote & Fuchs, 2017">{{Cite journal |last=Egelman |first=C. |last2=Epple |first2=Dennis |last3=Argote |first3=Linda |last4=Fuchs |first4=E. R. H. |date=2017 |title=Learning by Doing in Multi-Product Manufacturing: Variety, Customizations and Overlapping Product Generations |journal=Management Science |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=405–423 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.2015.2352}}</ref><ref name="Epple, Argote & Devadas, 1991">{{Cite journal |last=Epple |first=D. |last2=Argote |first2=L. |last3=Devadas |first3=R. |date=1991 |title=Organizational Learning Curves: A Method for Investigating Intra-Plant Transfer of Knowledge Acquired Through Learning by Doing |journal=Organization Science |volume=2 |pages=58–70 |doi=10.1287/orsc.2.1.58}}</ref><ref name="Epple, Argote & Murphy, 1996">{{Cite journal |last=Epple |first=D. |last2=Argote |first2=L. |last3=Murphy |first3=K. |date=1996 |title=An Empirical Investigation of the Micro Structure of Knowledge Acquisition and Transfer through Learning by Doing. |journal=Operations Research |volume=44 |pages=77–86 |doi=10.1287/opre.44.1.77}}</ref> Labarin ta tare da Eric Darr da Dennis Epple, "The Acquisition, Transfer and Depreciation of Knowledge in Service Organizations: Productivity in Franchises," an gane shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan labaran da aka buga a cikin Management Science a cikin shekaru 50 na farko. <ref name="Hopp, 2004">{{Cite journal |last=Hopp |first=W. J. |date=January 2004 |title=Fifty years of Management Science |url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/mnsc.1030.0181 |journal=Management Science |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.1030.0181}}</ref>Argote ya sake nazarin bincike kan canja wurin ilimi kuma ya ba da tsari don yin hasashen lokacin da canja wurin ilimi zai iya samun nasara a cikin ''Binciken Shekara-shekara na Psychology'' a cikin 2024. Tare da Ray Reagans da Daria Brooks, Argote ya bincika hanyoyin ilmantarwa na ƙungiya don hanyoyin tiyata na asibiti kuma ya ƙayyade gudummawar ƙwarewar membobin ƙungiyar, ƙwarewar waɗanda membobin ƙungiyar suka samu suna aiki tare da ƙwarewar asibitin zuwa ga ilmantarwa ta ƙungiya.<ref name="Reagans, Argote & Brooks, 2005">{{Cite journal |last=Reagans |first=Ray |last2=Argote |first2=Linda |last3=Brooks |first3=D. |date=2005 |title=Individual Experience and Experience Working Together: Predicting Learning Rates from Knowing Who Knows What and Knowing How to Work Together |journal=Management Science |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=869–881 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.1050.0366 |s2cid=12366530}}</ref> Tare da haɗin gwiwar Paul Ingram, Argote ya haɓaka tasirin canja wurin ilimi, ko koyo daga kwarewar wasu, don fa'idar gasa mai ƙarfi. Labarin su, "Sashewar Ilimi a cikin Ƙungiyoyi: Tushen don Amfani da Gasar a cikin Kamfanoni," an gane shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan labaran da aka buga a cikin Halin Ƙungiyoyi da Tsarin Shawarwarin Dan Adam a cikin shekaru 50 na farko.<ref name="Chen, 2016">{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=X. |date=September 2016 |title=Celebrating Fifty Years of Organizational Behavior and Decision Research (1966-2016) |journal=Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes |volume=136 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.09.002}}</ref> Argote da Richard Moreland sun gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwaje a kan manufar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ko sanin wanda ya san abin da. Wani binciken farko ya gano cewa kungiyoyi masu karfi da ke da ƙwaƙwalwar ma'amala sun tunatar da yawa kuma sun yi kyau a kan aikin da ya biyo baya fiye da kungiyoyi masu rauni da ke da raunin ƙwaƙwalwa.<ref name="Liang, Moreland & Argote, 1995">{{Cite journal |last=Liang |first=D. |last2=Moreland |first2=R. |last3=Argote |first3=Linda |date=1995 |title=Group versus Individual Training and Group-Performance: The Mediating Role of Transactive Memory |journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=384–393 |doi=10.1177/0146167295214009 |s2cid=145473164}}</ref> An kuma gano abubuwan tunawa don inganta kirkire-kirkire kuma suna da mahimmanci a kan ayyukan da ba na yau da kullun ba ko marasa tabbas. <ref name="Gino, Argote, Miron-Spektor & Todorova, 2010">{{Cite journal |last=Gino |first=F. |last2=Argote |first2=L. |last3=Miron-Spektor |first3=E. |last4=Todorova |first4=G. |date=2010 |title=First Get Your Feet Wet: When and Why Prior Experience Fosters Team Creativity |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/organizational-behavior-and-human-decision-processes/vol/111/issue/2 |journal=Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes |volume=111 |issue=2 |pages=93–101 |doi=10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.11.001}}</ref><ref name="Ren, Carley & Argote, 2006">{{Cite journal |last=Ren |first=Y. |last2=Carley |first2=K. M. |last3=Argote |first3=L. |date=2006 |title=The Contingent Effects of Transactive Memory: When is it More Beneficial to Know What Others Know? |url=http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/52/5/671.abstract |journal=Management Science |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=671–682 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.1050.0496 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>Ren da Argote (2011) sun sake nazarin wallafe-wallafen akan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.<ref name="Ren and Argote, 2011">{{Cite journal |last=Ren |first=Y |last2=Argote |first2=L. |date=2011 |title=Transactive memory systems 1985-2010: An Integrative Framework of Key Dimensions, Antecedents and Consequences |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19416520.2011.590300 |journal=Academy of Management Annals |volume=5 |pages=189–230 |doi=10.1080/19416520.2011.590300}}</ref>Argote da Ren (2012) sun haɓaka tsarin da ke nuna yadda ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ke ba da tushe na ƙaramin tushe don ƙwarewa mai ƙarfi a cikin kamfanoni.<ref name="Argote and Ren, 2012">{{Cite journal |last=Argote |first=L. |last2=Ren |first2=Y. |date=2012 |title=Transactive Memory Systems: A Micro Foundations of Dynamic Capabilities |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/ur0hjmolqbbbimu/Ren%20Journal%20J%20of%20Management%20Studies%202012.pdf?dl=0 |journal=Journal of Management Studies |volume=49 |issue=8 |pages=1375–1382 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01077.x}}</ref> Argote da abokan aikinta sun bincika dalilai ban da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda ke ba da ƙananan tushe don ilmantarwa ta ƙungiya, ƙwaƙwalwa da canja wurin ilimi. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da hanyoyin sadarwa, <ref name="Argote, Aven & Kush, 2018">{{Cite journal |last=Argote |first=L. |last2=Aven |first2=B. |last3=Kush |first3=J. A. |date=2018 |title=The Effects of Communication Networks and Turnover on Transactive Memory and Group Performance |url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/orsc.2017.1176 |journal=Organization Science |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=191–201 |doi=10.1287/orsc.2017.1176}}</ref> tsarin ƙungiyar aiki, <ref name="Fahrenkopf, Guo and Argote, 2020">{{Cite journal |last=Fahrenkopf |first=E. |last2=Guo |first2=J. M. |last3=Argote |first3=L. |date=2020 |title=Personnel Mobility and Organizational Performance: The Effects of Specialist vs. Generalist Experience and Organization Work Structure |journal=Organization Science |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=1601–1620 |doi=10.1287/orsc.2020.1373 |s2cid=225140802}}</ref> jujjuyawar memba, <ref name="Rao & Argote, 2006">{{Cite journal |last=Rao |first=R. |last2=Argote |first2=L. |date=2006 |title=Organizational Learning and Forgetting: The Effects of Turnover and Structure |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1057/palgrave.emr.1500057/abstract |journal=European Management Review |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=77–85 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.emr.1500057 |s2cid=144842818}}</ref> asalin zamantakewa, <ref name="Kane, Argote & Levine, 2005">{{Cite journal |last=Kane |first=A. A. |last2=Argote |first2=L. |last3=Levine |first3=J. M. |date=2005 |title=Knowledge Transfer Between Groups via Personnel Rotation: Effects of Social Identity and Knowledge Quality |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749597804000779 |journal=Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=56–71 |doi=10.1016/j.obhdp.2004.09.002}}</ref> da motsin rai.<ref name="HaKonsson, Eskildsen, Argote, Monster, Burton & Obel, 2016">{{Cite journal |last=Hakonsson |first=D. D. |last2=Eskildsen |first2=J. K. |last3=Argote |first3=L. |last4=Monster |first4=D. |last5=Burton |first5=R. M. |last6=Obel |first6=B. |date=2016 |title=Exploration versus Exploitation: Emotions and Performance as Antecedents and Consequences of Team Decisions |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smj.2380 |journal=Strategic Management Journal |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=985–1001 |doi=10.1002/smj.2380 |s2cid=167475695}}</ref> Argote da Levine (2020) sun haɗa bincike a matakin ƙungiya tare da ƙarin micro karatu a matakin rukuni a cikin Oxford Handbook of Group and Organizational Learning. Argote da Miron-Spektor (2011) sun haɓaka tsarin ka'idoji don nazarin ilmantarwa na ƙungiya. Argote, Lee da Park (2021) <ref name="Argote, Lee and Park, 2021">{{Cite journal |last=Argote |first=L. |last2=Lee |first2=S. |last3=Park |first3=J. |date=2021 |title=Organizational Learning Processes and Outcomes: Major Findings and Future Research Directions |journal=Management Science |volume=67 |issue=9 |pages=5399–5429 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.2020.3693 |s2cid=228979872}}</ref> sun sake nazarin wallafe-wallafen kan ilmantarwa na ƙungiyoyi da ƙananan hanyoyin bincike da ƙirƙirar ilimi, riƙewa da canja wuri. Argote ta hada aikinta da bincike mai alaƙa a cikin Ilimin Ƙungiya: Halitta, Tsayawa da Canja Ilimi (Kluwer, 1999; 2nd ed, Springer, 2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lant |first=Theresa K. |date=September 2000 |title=Review of ''Organizational Learning'' |journal=Administrative Science Quarterly |volume=45 |issue=3 |doi=10.2307/2667112 |jstor=2667112 |s2cid=220642541}}</ref>Littafinta ya kasance dan wasan karshe na George R. Terry Book Award na Kwalejin Gudanarwa . Ta kasance babban edita na mujallar Organization Science daga 2004 zuwa 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial Board {{!}} Organization Science |url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/page/orsc/editorial-board |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=pubsonline.informs.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gale - Institution Finder |url=https://galeapps.gale.com/apps/auth?userGroupName=&origURL=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fid%3DGALE%257CA114362786&prodId=GVRL |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=galeapps.gale.com}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Edita na Sashen a ''Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa'' (1995-2002). == Sanarwa == Argote ta zama Farfesa David M. Kirr da Barbara A. Kirr a shekarar 1997. Ita memba ce a cikin ƙungiyoyin ilimi masu zuwa: * [https://www.aaas.org/page/2023-fellows Ƙungiyar Amurka don Ci gaban Kimiyya] (AAAS) (wanda aka zaba 2023) * Ƙungiyar Kimiyya ta Halitta (wanda aka zaba a shekara ta 2006). Cikakken jerin sunayen APS Fellows. * Cibiyar Nazarin Ayyuka da Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa (aji na 2008) <ref name="Informs">{{Cite web |title=Fellows: Alphabetical List |url=https://www.informs.org/Recognizing-Excellence/Fellows/Fellows-Alphabetical-List |access-date=2021-08-03 |publisher=[[Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]]}}</ref> * Kwalejin Gudanarwa (wanda aka zaba a shekara ta 2013) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership Directory |url=https://my.aom.org/leadership/toc.aspx?action=AFFIL&code=FELLOWS |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=my.aom.org}}</ref> A cikin 2018 Cibiyar Interdisciplinary Network for Group Research ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Joseph E. McGrath don Rayuwa a Nazarin Kungiyoyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=INGRoup {{!}} Awards |url=http://www.ingroup.net/awards.html#past |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=www.ingroup.net |archive-date=2022-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128162623/http://ingroup.net/awards.html#past |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masanin Masana, Sashen Gudanar da Fasaha (TMS) Sashen Kwalejin Gudanarwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Distinguished Scholar Award - Organization and Management Theory |url=https://omt.aom.org/awards/distinguished-scholar-award |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=omt.aom.org |language=en}}</ref> Kyautar Mai Girma, Gudanar da Fasaha, Cibiyar Nazarin Ayyuka da Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa (INFORMS), 2011 <ref>{{Cite web |last=INFORMS |title=INFORMS News: Subdivision Awards |url=https://www.informs.org/ORMS-Today/Public-Articles/February-Volume-39-Number-1/INFORMS-News-Subdivision-Awards |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=INFORMS |language=en-US}}</ref> Masanin Masana, Ƙungiya da Sashen Ka'idar Gudanarwa na Kwalejin Gudanarwa (OMT) 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Carnegie Mellon |date= |title=Personal Mention - The Piper - Carnegie Mellon University |url=http://www.cmu.edu/piper/news/archives/2012/july/july-12/personal-mention.html |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=www.cmu.edu |language=en}}</ref> Masanin Masana, Kungiyar Ilimi da Innovation Interest, Strategic Management Society, 2013 Dokta na girmamawa, Jami'ar Aarhus, 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |last=79697@au.dk |date=29 October 2021 |title=Honorary Doctorate for Linda Argote |url=https://mgmt.au.dk/nyheder/nyheder/news-item/artikel/honorary-doctorate-for-linda-argote/ |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=mgmt.au.dk |language=en |archive-date=2021-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103015555/https://mgmt.au.dk/nyheder/nyheder/news-item/artikel/honorary-doctorate-for-linda-argote/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dokta na girmamawa, Jami'ar Svizzera Italiana, 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=L'USI conferisce il dottorato honoris causa a Linda Argote |url=https://www.usi.ch/it/feeds/13541 |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=www.usi.ch |language=en}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 2024]. Canjin ilimi a cikin kungiyoyi: Hanyoyi, motsawa da la'akari. ''Binciken Shekara-shekara na Psychology'', ''75'' (1), 405-431. * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Canjin ilimi: Tushen fa'ida a cikin kamfanoni. ''Halin ƙungiya da hanyoyin yanke shawara na ɗan adam'', ''82'' (1), 150-169. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2000.2893 * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] ''Koyon ƙungiya: Halitta, riƙewa da canja wurin ilimi''. Springer Science & Business Media. * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Gudanar da ilimi a cikin kungiyoyi: Tsarin haɗin kai da sake dubawa na jigogi masu tasowa. ''Kimiyya ta gudanarwa'', ''49'' (4), 571-582. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.49.4.571.14424 * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Koyon ƙungiya: Daga gogewa zuwa ilimi. ''Kimiyya ta ƙungiya'', ''22'' (5), 1123-1137. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0621 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ifwx7zczkztwq0ft2syprogargtzijg 0 97720 887981 786340 2026-07-27T06:49:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Abdulsalam Su Liya Modasola''' wanda aka fi sani da Liya, mawaƙi ne na Najeriya, kuma marubucin waƙa. Ta shiga cikin yanayin kiɗa tare da sakin sautin farko a ƙarƙashin Davido Music Worldwide, mai taken "Melo", <ref name="TheCable Lifestyle">{{Cite web |last=Anerua |first=Blessing |date=8 December 2020 |title=DOWNLOAD: Liya, DMW's first lady, drops 'Melo' |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/download-liya-melo/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=TheCable Lifestyle}}</ref> jim kadan bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da lakabin a cikin 2020. An saki bidiyon kiɗa na "Melo", a ranar 8 ga Disamba 2020, tare da [[Davido]], kuma Dammy Twitch ne ya ba da umarni don DMW.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2020 |title=New Music + Video: Liya – Melo |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/12/new-music-liya-melo/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> An riga an sanya hannu a Davido Music Worldwide daga 2020 zuwa farkon 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eze |first=Chinelo |date=19 July 2023 |title=Liya Confirms Split With Davido's Record Label |url=https://guardian.ng/life/liya-confirms-split-with-davidos-record-label/ |access-date=23 November 2023 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News}}</ref> Ta fara sakin waƙoƙi da kanta a cikin 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdulsalam Suliyat Modasola a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a kusa da Ketu a 1999 kuma ta girma tsakanin Ketu da Alapere, sannan ta koma Ikorodu a 2011, inda ta halarci makarantar Larabci don karatun sakandare. <ref name="OkayAfrica">{{Cite web |last=Oloworekende |first=Wale |date=14 September 2021 |title=Liya Wants to Stand Out |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/liya-davido-alari-ep-interview/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=OkayAfrica |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya kasance kafin samun shiga [[Jami'ar Ilorin]] a cikin 2014, don nazarin Yoruba Language, da kuma samun digiri na farko a fannin harshe.<ref name="OkayAfrica" /> Da take magana da Wale Oloworekende, ta ce "Ina zuwa coci tare da iyayena wani lokacin saboda suna da abokai da yawa na Kirista. Akwai cocin Cherubim da Seraphim a bayan gidana, don haka na girma a kusa da kiɗa da yawa. Akwai azuzuwan kiɗa a makarantar Larabci ma. Ba tare da saninsa ba, na zaɓi waƙoƙi da yawa daga can. <ref name="OkayAfrica" /> == Ayyuka == A cikin 2020, an gabatar da ita ga jama'a ta hanyar tweet na [[Davido]], sa'o'i 5 bayan ganawarsu a kulob din ta hanyar Peruzzi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okanlawon |first=Taiwo |title=How Davido signed me after first meeting - Liya |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/11/21/how-davido-signed-me-after-first-meeting-liya |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=P.M. News}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Satumba 2021, a wata hira da OkayAfrica, Liya ta ce "Na buga wa [[Davido]] wasu waƙoƙina, ciki har da "Melo" kuma an haɗiye shi, sannan ya nemi ni da manajan na su yi tafiya tare da shi washegari zuwa Abuja. A lokacin tafiyarmu, ya fara cewa "mace ta farko", sannan ya kai ta twitter. A ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2020, Davido ya sanya hannu kan Liya, a matsayin mace ta farko a karkashin alamar Davido Music Worldwide. <ref name="OkayAfrica"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=4 October 2020 |title=Davido signs female artist, Liya |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-signs-female-artist-liya/490ysht |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=20 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220073957/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-signs-female-artist-liya/490ysht |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 27 ga watan Disamba 2020, an ambaci Liya a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya 10 da za a kula da su ta ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian Life Magazine]]'' a cikin 2021, wanda Chisom Njoku, da Asa Asika suka tsara don ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian Life Magazine]]''. <ref name="Guardian Life">{{Cite web |last=Njoku |first=Chisom |last2=Asika |first2=Asa |date=27 December 2020 |title=10 Nigerian Artistes To Watch In 2021 |url=https://guardian.ng/life/10-nigerian-artistes-to-watch-in-2021/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |publisher=Guardian Life Magazine}}</ref><ref name="Guardian Life" /> A ranar 28 ga watan Yulin 2021, ta sanar da wasan farko na ''Alari'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian rising artist Liya announces debut EP ‘Alari’: See tracklist - GRUNGECAKE™ |url=https://grungecake.com/liya-alari-tracklist/articles/80024 |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=grungecake.com |archive-date=20 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220090253/https://grungecake.com/liya-alari-tracklist/articles/80024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda za a sake shi a hukumance a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta 2021, ta hanyar DMW. A ranar 21 ga watan Agustan 2021, mai sukar kiɗa Motolani Alake ya ce "waƙarsa ta farko mai taken "Melo," mawaƙan mercury ya juya samfurin "Agolo" na Angélique Kidjo a cikin wani pop ditty pulsatin tare da alherin sarauta. " a lokacin da ya fara ra'ayinsa game da wasan da aka tsawo, kuma ya kira aikin "EP mai ban sha'awa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=21 August 2021 |title=Liya releases impressive debut EP, 'Alari' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/liya-releases-impressive-debut-ep-alari/tth8vne |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2022, an zabi ta don The Headies a cikin Mafi kyawun Vocal Performance category ga mata, don waƙar "Alari" a cikin "Alari", <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okogba |first=Emmanuel |date=24 May 2022 |title=2022 Headies Full List Nominees |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/05/2022-headies-full-list-nominees/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Agustace da aka fitar da aka fitarwa zuwa ga "Aduax zuwa ga [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]]" .<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2021 |title=DMW’s Liya serves up Official Music Video for “Adua” |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/08/liya-adua-video/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okhide |first=Peter |date=15 April 2022 |title=LISTEN: DMW's Liya Features Simi on 'Adua' Remix |url=https://notjustok.com/mp3-songs/listen-dmws-liya-features-simi-on-adua-remix/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> == Ayyuka na zane-zane == Liya ta bayyana nau'in kiɗanta a matsayin Afro-Fusion, kuma ta gaya wa OkayAfrica Ya ƙunshi tasiri iri-iri waɗanda kawai suka fito da kyau", in ji ta.<ref name="OkayAfrica" /> Ta kuma bayyana sunanta na mataki Liya, wanda aka zaba daga sunanta na tsakiya Suliyat.<ref name="OkayAfrica" /> Liya ta ambaci Angélique Kidjo, Aṣa, da Shola Allyson, a matsayin tasirin kiɗa ko wahayi yayin da take girma.<ref name="OkayAfrica" /> == Bayanan da aka yi == ; Kundin studio da EP * ''Alari'' - EP (2021) === Ma'aurata === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Jerin mutane, wanda ke nuna taken da shekarar da aka saki tare da matsayi na ginshiƙi ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Shekara ! colspan="3" |Matsayi na jadawalin ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Takaddun shaida ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |NG<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |Burtaniya<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |US<br /> |- ! scope="row" |"Matsalar Amincewa" | rowspan="3" |2020 | - | - | - || rowspan="2" {{Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Ka kasance My Live" | - | - | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Melo" | - | - | - | |''Alari'' |- ! scope="row" |"Adua (Remix) " (tare da Simi) <small> (wanda aka nuna [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]]) </small> | rowspan="2" |2022 | - | - | - ||{{Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Izz Going (Skalala) " | - | - | - ||{{TBA}} |} === Bayyanar baƙi === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin bayyanar baƙi ba tare da guda ba, tare da wasu masu zane-zane, suna nuna shekarar da aka saki da sunan kundin ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Taken ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Sauran masu zane-zane ! scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="row" |"Fiki" | rowspan="1" |2021 |Ejoya |''Class na '21''<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2021 |title=Ejoya’s Role In Setting Up The Next Generation of Stars |url=https://guardian.ng/life/ejoyas-role-in-setting-up-the-next-generation-of-stars/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |"Adua (Remix) |2022 |[[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] |''Don Kasancewa Mai Gaskiya'' |} == Godiya gaisuwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Abin da ya faru !Kyautar !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon |- |2022 |Headies |Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Murya (Mata) |Liya don "Alari"|{{Nom}} |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1rxbwnpidgstfbrter4dvpvrsvnk62a 0 99217 887933 613412 2026-07-27T02:38:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Leila Kalanzi Kachapizo''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce, mai gyaran gashi, mai gabatar da rediyo kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo. Ita sananniyar jarida ce, an san ta da aikin muryarta a tallace-tallace na rediyo da talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-12 |title=The Observer - Uganda |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=23010:quick-tal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212120636/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=23010:quick-tal |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=2024-11-17}}</ref><ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |title=BIOGRAPHY: INSPIRING STORY OF LEILA KALANZI |url=https://theguptareport.blogspot.com/2019/06/biography-inspiring-story-of-leila.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=BIOGRAPHY}}</ref> An haifi Leila a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1979, a Nakivubo Mews, Uganda . <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Forget about fetching water, the well was the perfect excuse to play |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/forget-about-fetching-water-the-well-was-the-perfect-excuse-to-play-1536936 |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da talabijin da rediyo a gidan talabijin na TV, Sanyuka TV, Dembe FM kafin ta tashi zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don makiyaya masu kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ainebyona |first=Isaac |date=2014-09-05 |title=Bukedde TV Kacapizo Flees For Kyeyo. |url=https://entebbenews.net/bukedde-tv-kacapizo-flees-for-kyeyo/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |last=bukejonah |date=2018-10-24 |title=Leila Kalanzi Kachapizo's Biological Dad Confirmed Dead |url=https://newslexpoint.com/leila-kalanzi-dad-confirmed-dead/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Newslex Point |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212120636/https://newslexpoint.com/leila-kalanzi-dad-confirmed-dead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == An haife ta ne ga mahaifiyar da ba ta da aure, Hajjat Hamida Nalwoga, wacce ta kasance mai tsauri sosai amma mai tallafawa, musamman ma da sha'awarta ga kiɗa, rawa, da wasan kwaikwayo. Yayinda take girma tare da 'yan uwa huɗu, tana da haɗuwa da lokutan kirki da ƙalubale, gami da wani muhimmin abin da ya faru inda mahaifiyarta ta ji rauni sosai a hatsarin mota, wanda ya bar iyalin suna gwagwarmaya amma suna da haɗin kai.<ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Forget about fetching water, the well was the perfect excuse to play |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/forget-about-fetching-water-the-well-was-the-perfect-excuse-to-play-1536936 |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Monitor |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/forget-about-fetching-water-the-well-was-the-perfect-excuse-to-play-1536936 "Forget about fetching water, the well was the perfect excuse to play"]. ''Monitor''. 2021-01-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> Leila Kalanzi Kachapizo ta fito ne daga Gundumar Masaka, Uganda, ta halarci makarantar firamare ta St. Jude a Kampala kuma daga baya ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Pride, inda ta gano sha'awarta ga wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo. A lokacin da take a Kwalejin Pride ne [[Charles Senkubuge]], wanda ya kafa Bakayimbira Drama Actors, ya lura da ita, wanda ya dauke ta cikin kungiyar.<ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |title=BIOGRAPHY: INSPIRING STORY OF LEILA KALANZI |url=https://theguptareport.blogspot.com/2019/06/biography-inspiring-story-of-leila.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=BIOGRAPHY}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://theguptareport.blogspot.com/2019/06/biography-inspiring-story-of-leila.html "BIOGRAPHY: INSPIRING STORY OF LEILA KALANZI"]. ''BIOGRAPHY''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ayyukan Kachapizo a cikin nishaɗi ya karu yayin da ta yi tafiya tare da ƙungiyar Bakayimbira, gami da tafiya zuwa [[Holand|Netherlands]], amma daga ƙarshe ta koma Uganda. Ta fara aiki a matsayin mai gabatarwa a Rediyon Simba kuma daga baya ta shiga Rediyon CBS, sanannen tashar a tsakiyar yankin Uganda. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a [[Turai]], inda ta yi ayyuka marasa kyau kuma ta fara gyaran gashi, an kori Kachapizo zuwa Uganda saboda yawan zama a [[Holand|Netherlands]]. Bayan dawowarta, ta sami aiki a gidan talabijin na TV kuma, a watan Mayu 2019, ta shiga gidan talabiji na Sanyuka, amma ta bar saboda rashin gamsuwa da tsammanin masu samarwa. Kachapizo a halin yanzu ba ta da aure kuma ta kasance mai ban sha'awa ga mata matasa da masu son yin wasan kwaikwayo, musamman a masana'antar kafofin watsa labarai ta Uganda.<ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |title=BIOGRAPHY: INSPIRING STORY OF LEILA KALANZI |url=https://theguptareport.blogspot.com/2019/06/biography-inspiring-story-of-leila.html |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=BIOGRAPHY}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://theguptareport.blogspot.com/2019/06/biography-inspiring-story-of-leila.html "BIOGRAPHY: INSPIRING STORY OF LEILA KALANZI"]. ''BIOGRAPHY''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> Leila Kalanzi Kachapizo ta rasa mahaifinta, Hajj Abdul Kalanzi, wanda ya mutu a ranar Talata, 23 ga Oktoba, 2018, bayan ya yi yaƙi da rashin lafiya da ba a bayyana ba. An binne shi a ƙauyen Nkoowe, Gundumar Wakiso, a ranar Laraba, 24 ga Oktoba, 2018. == Ayyuka == * Sanyu (jerin talabijin a kan Pearl Magic Prime) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] fz5mk8roun7g1lv0sx3qlc78qn6wuje 0 100547 887862 880371 2026-07-26T19:25:07Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sakamako na bauta''' ya shafi tsarin biyan kuɗi [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] game da take haƙƙin ɗan adam [[Bauta|na bautar da ake yi]] a Amurka da abin da ya gada ga waɗanda aka yi wa [[bauta]] da/ko zuriyarsu. Akwai ra'ayoyi don ramuwa a falsafar shari'a da ramuwa a cikin adalcin tsaka-tsaki. Ana iya ɗaukar fansa da yawa, ciki har da taimako na zahiri da na kuɗi ga zuriyar waɗanda aka bautar, godiya ko ba da uzuri ga mutane ko al'ummomin da bautar ta shafa, ko girmama abubuwan tunawa da mutanen da aka bautar da su ta hanyar sanya wa abubuwa suna. “Waɗanda aka yi wa bauta” na iya nufin bautar da ta gabata ko kuma bautar da ke gudana a ƙarni na 21. Kamar yadda Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ayyana, "rayya" na nufin matakan da gwamnati ke ɗauka na gyara take hakkin ɗan Adam ta hanyar samar da fa'idodi da dama na abubuwan amfani ga waɗanda abin ya shafa ko iyalansu da kuma al'ummomin da abin ya shafa da al'umma baki ɗaya. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya [https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations ta sanya sunayen] waɗannan abubuwan da ake buƙata don wani abu don cancanta a matsayin ramawa: ramawa, diyya, gyarawa da gamsuwa. Wasu ramuwar gayya na bauta sun samo asali ne tun a ƙarni na 18 a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]], amma tushen irin waɗannan ayyuka ya taru a ƙarni na 21, inda gwamnatoci da daidaikun mutane a Burtaniya, Amurka, da turawan mulkin mallaka suka ɗauki matakai daban-daban. ==Kudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya== Kudurin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya na Gaba daya lamba 60/147 yana nuni da matakan gyara take hakkin dan Adam ciki har da dawo da abinda aka rasa da kuma diyya.<ref name="e910">{{cite web | title=Reparations | website=OHCHR | date=15 December 2020 | url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations | access-date=31 May 2025}}</ref> == Nau'uka == Rarraba na iya ɗaukar nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, ciki har da matakai masu amfani kamar aikin tabbatarwa; biyan kuɗi na mutum ɗaya; ƙauyuka; tallafin karatu da sauran tsare-tsaren ilimi; tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare don magance rashin adalci; ko kuma diyya ta ƙasa mai alaƙa da 'yancin kai. Sauran nau’o’in ramako sun haɗa da uzuri da amincewa da zalunci; <ref name="UMass Reparations Article">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Allen |date=May 11, 2020 |title=An Historical Timeline of Reparations Payments Made From 1783 through 2020 by the United States Government, States, Cities, Religious Institutions, Colleges and Universities, and Corporations |url=https://guides.library.umass.edu/reparations |access-date=July 12, 2020 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst}}</ref> kawar da abubuwan tarihi da kuma canza sunan titunan da ke girmama bayi da masu kare bayi; ko sanya wa gini sunan wanda aka bautar ko kuma wani mai alaƙa da rushewa. <ref name="Black Asheville Demands">{{Cite web |date=June 26, 2020 |title=Reparations Section |url=https://www.blackavldemands.org/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615185752/https://www.blackavldemands.org/ |archive-date=15 June 2020 |access-date=July 12, 2020 |website=Black Asheville Demands (BAD)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kepley-Steward |first=Kristy |last2=Santostasi |first2=Stephanie |date=July 10, 2020 |title=Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered |url=https://wlos.com/news/local/vance-monument-robert-e-lee-confederate-monuments-downtown-asheville-removed-covered |access-date=July 12, 2020 |website=wlos.com}}</ref> Shugabannin ƙungiyoyin ramuwa na Amurka [https://liberationventures.b-cdn.net/A%20Dream%20in%20Our%20Name.pdf sun ɓullo da] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118070351/https://liberationventures.b-cdn.net/A%20Dream%20in%20Our%20Name.pdf |date=2025-01-18 }} tsarin gyaran launin fata masu zuwa don rarraba sassan ramuwa don bauta: 1. Hisabi: Fahimtar ko kokawa da menene, wanene, ta yaya, da dalilin ayyukan da suka haifar da cutarwa. 2. Amincewa: Shigar da jama'a cewa an yi ɓarna 3. Ladabi: Mallaka da sadaukar da kai don ɗaukar mataki, dakatarwa da gyara lahani. 4. Gyara: Ayyukan ramawa, diyya na kuɗi, da gyarawa, matakan da aka ɗauka don shigar da adalcin launin fata a cikin tsarin da "warkar da rauni" Gabaɗaya ba a kirga taimakon raya ƙasa azaman ramawar ba. <ref name="u881">{{Cite journal |last=Andrews |first=Kehinde |year=2024 |title=The Knife is Still in Our Backs: Reparations Washing and the Limits of Reparatory Justice Campaigns |journal=Development and Change |publisher=Wiley |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=628–650 |doi=10.1111/dech.12848 |issn=0012-155X |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Ta yankin da aka yi ta== ===Netherlands=== A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, firaministan Netherlands, Mark Rutte, ya nemi afuwa a madadin Gwamnatin Dutch saboda rawar da ta taka a bautar a wani taron da aka yi a National Archives a The Hague, inda akwai wakilan kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gwamnatin ta kuma yi alkawarin bayar da Yuro miliyan 200 don "wayar da kan jama'a, haɓaka haɗin kai da magance tasirin bautar a yau," kuma tana shirin yin bikin tunawa da tarihin bautar a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2023, tare da ƙasashen Dutch Caribbean, Suriname, da sauran ƙasashe.<ref>{{cite web | title=Government apologises for the Netherlands' role in the history of slavery | website=Government of the Netherlands | date=19 December 2022 | url=https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2022/12/19/government-apologises-for-the-netherlands-role-in-the-history-of-slavery | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Mission Statement | website=Heirs of Slavery | url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement | access-date=12 May 2023 | archive-date=12 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512012006/https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement | url-status=dead }}</ref> ====Ramuwar Gayya Ga Maigidan Bayi (1837)==== Dokar Slave Compensation Act 1837 ta kasance doka daga Majalisar Dokoki ta Birtaniya, wadda aka sanya hannu a kanta a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1837, domin kawo ‘yanci tare da biyan diyya. <ref>{{cite web | title=1837: 1 Victoria c.3: Slavery Compensation Act | via=The Statutes Project | date=1837| publisher= British Government | url=https://statutes.org.uk/site/the-statutes/nineteenth-century/1837-1-victoria-c-3-slavery-compensation-act/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> Maigidan bayi sun karbi kimanin £20 miliyan a matsayin diyya a cikin fiye da kyaututtuka 40,000 don bayi da aka 'yanta a yankunan mulkin mallakar Caribbean, Mauritius da Cape of Good Hope. <ref>{{cite book|title =BBC History magazine| publisher=Bristol Magazines Ltd| issn=1469-8552|date=June 2010}}</ref> Wannan adadi ya kai kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasafin kudin shekara na Baitul Mal na Birtaniya, kuma an kiyasta cewa yana daidai da kimanin £16.5bn a cikin kuɗin yau. <ref name=naarc/> Wasu daga cikin kudaden an maida su 3.5% na kudaden fansho na gwamnati, wanda ya sa aikin ya dauki lokaci mai tsawo. <ref>{{cite web | last=Brown | first=Matthew | title=Fact check: United Kingdom finished paying off debts to slave-owning families in 2015 | website=USA TODAY | date=30 June 2020 | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/06/30/fact-check-u-k-paid-off-debts-slave-owning-families-2015/3283908001/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> Dokar, wadda aka sani da 1 and 2 Vict. 3, ta kasance babbar dokar duniya da ta tabbatar da ‘yancin bayi ta hanyar biyan diyya. Ta baiwa Kwamishinonin Rage Bashin Ƙasa damar tara £20 miliyan ta hanyar fitar da hannun jari na gwamnati, hanyar ɗaukar bashi da aka ɗora akan kudaden haraji na gaba domin biya maigidan bayi diyya kan "asarar dukiyarsu."{{cn|date=July 2025}} ===Birtaniya=== A shekarun 2010, misalan diyya na ƙasashen duniya don bautar sun ƙunshi amincewa da rashin adalci na bauta da kuma neman afuwa game da hannu amma ba a ba da diyya ta kayan abu ba.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/4543?lang=en |title=Reparations to Africa and the Group of Eminent Persons |date=2004 |first=Rhoda E. |last=Howard-Hassmann | author-link = Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann |journal=Cahiers d'Études africaines |volume=44 |issue=173–174 |pages=81–97 |doi=10.4000/etudesafricaines.4543 |s2cid=145746084 |access-date=July 20, 2020 |quote=...a French law of 2001 that recognizes the trans-Atlantic slave trade as a crime against humanity, and the admission by the Belgians in 2002 of their role in the murder of Patrice Lumumba, first President of independent Congo.|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Blair apology">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6185176.stm |title=Blair 'sorrow' over slave trade {{!}} Prime Minister Tony Blair has said he feels 'deep sorrow' for Britain's role in the slave trade|publisher=BBC News|date=27 November 2006|access-date=15 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Yuni na 2023, ƙungiyar Brattle Group ta gabatar da rahoto a wani taron a Jami'ar West Indies inda aka kiyasta diyyar da za a bi, don lahani a lokacin da kuma bayan zamanin bautar transatlantic fiye da dala tiriliyan 100.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahon |first=Leah |date=August 2023 |title=£18 trillion – what Britain owes in reparations. Time to pay up |pages=6–7|url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/news/features-news/2023/07/28/18-trillion-what-britain-owes-in-reparations-time-to-pay-up/ |newspaper=The Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Kim |date=2023-07-10 |title=Brattle Consultants Quantify Reparations for Transatlantic Chattel Slavery in Pro Bono Paper |url=https://www.brattle.com/insights-events/publications/brattle-consultants-quantify-reparations-for-transatlantic-chattel-slavery-in-pro-bono-paper/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Brattle |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na 2023, an gudanar da taron diyya na UK kuma aka ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa cewa dole ne a "bi da cimma" cikakken adalci na diyya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.appg-ar.org/uk-reparations-conference-2023-statement|title=UK Reparations Conference 2023 Statement|publisher=All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for Afrikan Reparations|access-date=2024-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Holloway |first=Lester |date=November 2023 |title=Reparations on the agenda |pages=8 |work=The Voice}}</ref> ====Diyyar masu bauta (1837)==== Dokar Diyyar Bauta ta 1837 wata doka ce ta Majalisa a Burtaniya, wacce aka sanya hannu a kanta a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1837, don kawo 'yantar da bayi tare diyya.<ref>{{cite web | title=1837: 1 Victoria c.3: Slavery Compensation Act | via=The Statutes Project | date=1837| publisher= British Government | url=https://statutes.org.uk/site/the-statutes/nineteenth-century/1837-1-victoria-c-3-slavery-compensation-act/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> An bi masu bayi kusan fam miliyan 20 a matsayin diyya a cikin kyaututtuka sama da 40,000 don bayi da aka 'yantar a yankunan Caribbean, Mauritius da Cape of Good Hope.<ref>{{cite book|title =BBC History magazine| publisher=Bristol Magazines Ltd| issn=1469-8552|date=June 2010}}</ref> Wannan yana wakiltar kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasafin kuɗin shekara na Baitul Mal na Burtaniya kuma an ƙididdige shi daidai da fam biliyan 16.5 a yau.<ref name=naarc/> An canza wasu daga cikin biyan kuɗin zuwa cikin kuɗin gwamnati na kashi 3.5, wanda ya haifar da tsawaita lokaci.<ref>{{cite web | last=Brown | first=Matthew | title=Fact check: United Kingdom finished paying off debts to slave-owning families in 2015 | website=USA TODAY | date=30 June 2020 | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/06/30/fact-check-u-k-paid-off-debts-slave-owning-families-2015/3283908001/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> ====Sanarwar Abuja da ARM (1993)==== {{anchor|Africa Reparations Movement}} Ƙungiyar Africa Reparations Movement, wacce aka fi sani da ARM (UK), an kafa ta a shekara ta 1993 bayan sanarwar [[Abuja]] da aka bayyana a taron farko na Pan-African Conference on Reparations a Abuja, Najeriya, a wannan shekarar. Taron ne kungiyar Organisation of African Unity (OAU) da gwamnatin Najeriya suka kira.<ref name=cr>{{cite web | title=African Union - Colonialism | website=Colonialism Reparation | url=https://www.colonialismreparation.org/en/compensations/african-union-colonialism.html | access-date=12 May 2023 | archive-date=12 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512081636/https://www.colonialismreparation.org/en/compensations/african-union-colonialism.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> A farkon shekara ta 1993, dan majalisar Burtaniya Bernie Grant ya zagaya kasar yana magana game da bukatar a biya diyya ga bautar.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://berniegrantarchive.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Reparations-or-Bust-Speech.pdf| first= Bernie| last=Grant| title= Reparations or Bust!| publisher= Africa Reparations Movement (UK) | series= Information Sheet No. 3| quote=...edited version of a speech he gave in Birmingham on 12th April...| pages=1–10}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Mayu 1993, ya gabatar da kuduri a majalisar House of Commons na Burtaniya cewa majalisa ta amince da sanarwar kuma ta amince da cewa sanarwar "ta yi kira ga al'ummar duniya da su amince da cewa har yanzu ba a biya bashin da ba a taba yi wa al'ummar Afirka ba, kuma ta bukaci duk kasashen da suka wadatar da bautar da mulkin mallaka da su duba batun biyan diyya ga Afirka da Afirka a cikin Diaspora; ta kuma amince da ci gaba da illolin tattalin arziki da na sirri na cin zarafin Afirka da Afirka a cikin Diaspora da kuma wariyar launin fata da ta haifar; kuma ta goyi bayan OAU yayin da take kara himma wajen bin sawun biyan diyya." Kudurin ya samu goyon bayan Bernie Grant, Tony Benn, Tony Banks, John Austin-Walker, Harry Barnes, da Gerry Bermingham. Wasu 'yan majalisar Labour Party 46 suka sanya hannu don goyon bayan kudurin, ciki har da shugaban adawa na gaba, Jeremy Corbyn.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 May 1993|title=Abuja Proclamation – Early Day Motions|url=https://edm.parliament.uk/early-day-motion/5521/abuja-proclamation|access-date=2020-07-09|website=edm.parliament.uk|publisher=UK Parliament}}</ref> Sanarwar Abuja ta yi kira da a kafa kwamitocin biyan diyya a ko'ina cikin Afirka da kuma Diaspora. Bernie Grant ya kafa ARM UK a watan Disamba 1993<ref name=hub>{{cite web | title=Africa Reparations Movement (UK) | website=Archives Hub | url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/e592d7bc-9dd7-3c28-8a10-49f56aadecab | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref> a matsayin wanda ya kafa tare da shugabanta, tare da babban rukuni da suka hada da: sakatare Sam Walker; mai kula da kudi Linda Bellos da amintattu Patrick Wilmott, Stephen A. Small (malamin Burtaniya wanda ya kware a fannin bautar<ref>{{cite web | title=Stephen A. Small | website=African American Studies | url=https://africam.berkeley.edu/people/stephen-a-small/ | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Professor Stephen Small | website=National Museums Liverpool | date=25 August 2020 | url=https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/slavery-remembrance-day/professor-stephen-small | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref>), da Hugh Oxley.<ref name=hub/> Manufar ARM ita ce:<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/6a140a54-662a-44cf-b533-4e8146898d7b |title=African Reparations Movement records 1963 – 2000| quote= This record is held by the Bishopsgate Institute.|publisher=The National Archives|language=en}}</ref> * yin amfani da duk hanyoyin halatta don samun diyya ga bautar da mulkin mallaka na mutanen Afirka a Afirka da kuma a cikin Diaspora * yin amfani da duk hanyoyin halatta don dawo da kayayyakin tarihin Afirka daga ko'ina a halin yanzu * neman afuwa daga gwamnatocin yammacin duniya game da bautar da mulkin mallaka na mutanen Afirka * yin kamfe don amincewa da gudunmawar da mutanen Afirka suka bayar ga tarihin duniya da wayewa * yin kamfe don bayyana tarihin Afirka daidai don maido da mutunci da girman kai ga mutanen Afirka * ilimantarwa da wayar da kan matasan Afirka, a nahiyar da kuma a cikin Diaspora, game da manyan al'adun Afirka, harsuna da wayewa Bayan mutuwar Bernie Grant a shekara ta 2000, ARM UK ta daina aiki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stanford-Xosei|first=Esther|title=Black British History : New Perspectives|publisher=Zed|editor-link= Hakim Adi|isbn=978-1786994257|editor-last=Adi|editor-first=Hakim| location=London |pages=176–198| chapter=The Long Road of Pan-African Liberation to Reparatory Justice|date=March 2019}}</ref> ====Class action (2004)==== A shekarar 2004, lauya mai rikitarwa na diyya Ed Fagan ya kaddamar da karar hadin gwiwa kan kasuwar inshora Lloyd's of London dangane da rawar da suka taka wurin inshorar jiragen bayi da suka shiga cikin cinikin bayi na ƙetaren teku.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2004|title=’Ya’yan bayi sun shigar da karar dala biliyan 1 kan kamfanonin da ake zargi da alaƙa da cinikin bayi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CL4DAAAAMBAJ&q=lloyds+of+london+genocide&pg=PA36|journal=Jet|volume=150|issue=17|pages=36–37}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2004/mar/28/insurance.usnews|title=’Ya’yan bayi sun shigar da kara da Lloyd's|last=Walsh|first=Conal|date=27 March 2004|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-03-14|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/uk/3578863.stm ’Ya’yan bayi za su shigar da kara da Lloyd's]". BBC News, 29 March 2004. An dawo da shi 15 October 2009.</ref> An kasa samun nasarar wannan kara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6422721.stm|title= Lissafin kudin da cinikin bayi ya haifar|last=Stamp|first=Gavin|date=20 March 2007|website=BBC News news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-14}}</ref> ====Neman gafara==== A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2006, Firayim Ministan Birtaniya [[Tony Blair]] ya fitar da bayani yana nuna "baƙin ciki mai zurfi" dangane da rawar Birtaniya a cikin cinikin bayi, yana cewa abin "kunya ne matuka". Masu fafutukar neman diyya a Birtaniya sun soki wannan jawabi, inda Esther Stanford ta ce Blair ya kamata ya bayar da "gafara mai ma'ana", wadda za a bi da "matakan diyya daban-daban da suka haɗa da biyan diyya".<ref name="Blair apology" /> Blair ya sake fitar da wata gafara a 2007 bayan ganawa da Shugaban Ghana [[John Kufuor]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6451793.stm "Blair ‘sorry’ kan rawar Birtaniya a cinikin bayi"]. BBC News, 14 March 2007. An samu dama 15 March 2007.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Agusta 2007, tsohon Magajin Garin London Ken Livingstone ya bayar da gafara a bainar jama’a dangane da rawar London a cinikin bayi na ƙetaren teku a yayin bikin cika shekaru 200 da kafa dokar hana cinikin bayi ta 1807. A cikin jawabin, Livingstone ya bukaci Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta kafa dokar da za ta samar da ranar tunawa da bayi a duk faɗin ƙasar UK.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/aug/24/london.humanrights|title=Livingstone ya yi kuka yayin da yake neman gafara kan bayi|date=24 August 2007|newspaper=The Guardian|last1=Muir|first1=Hugh|access-date=30 July 2014}}</ref> Blair ya sake bayar da gafara a 2007 bayan ganawa da Shugaban Ghana John Kufuor a yayin bikin cika shekaru 50 na samun ‘yancin Ghana. Duk da cewa ya kara bayyana baƙin ciki da kira cinikin bayi na ƙetaren teku “tabo ne a tarihi”, masu sukar ra’ayi sun yi amannar cewa ya kasa bayyana rawar Birtaniya da nauyin da ya rataya a kanta. Masu fafutuka na diyya sun ce irin wannan jawabi, duk da yana da ma’ana ta alama, bai kai ga tabbatar da adalci mai ma'ana ko haifar da sauyin dokar da za a jingina da shi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-08-09 |title=’Yan Afrika suna bikin kawar da cinikin bayi |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/africans-mark-abolition-of-slave-trade-idUSZWE635279/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |work=Reuters |language=en-GB}}</ref> ====Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa==== A watan Fabrairu 2023, tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar jarida ta BBC Laura Trevelyan, wadda danginta ke da gonakin runbun a Grenada, ta je Grenada don bayar da uzuri bisa cutar da suka jawo tare da bayar da diyya. Danginta sun nemi gafara daga ƙasar Grenada bisa illar bautar da suka yi, kuma ƙungiyar ta buƙaci Firayim Ministan Birtaniya da Sarki Charles su bayar da uzuri na hukuma a madadin Birtaniya. <ref name=baker2023>{{cite web | last=Baker | first=Nick | title=Wadannan 'magadan bautar daƙiƙa' na Birtaniya suna ƙoƙarin biyan diyya bisa laifukan da suka gabata | website=ABC News (Australia)| date=11 Mayu 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-05-11/british-heirs-of-slavery-reparations-caribbean/102308216 | access-date=11 Mayu 2023}}</ref> A watan Afrilu 2023, ta kafa ƙungiyar Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa tare da wasu, wadda ke ƙunshe da zuriyar waɗanda suka amfana daga bautar daƙiƙa ta Birtaniya, suna kuma son gyara tarihi. Dangin Trevelyan sun bada gudunmawa ta kuɗi don shirye-shiryen ilimi a Grenada ta hannun CARICOM, kuma suna fatan cewa ƙungiyar Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa za ta kawo irin waɗannan ayyuka a babban mataki. sauran mambobin ƙungiyar sun haɗa da David Lascelles, na 8 Earl na Harewood; Charles Gladstone, zuriyar Firayim Minista William Gladstone; jarumi Alex Renton; <ref name=baker2023/> Richard Atkinson; John Dower (na dangin Trevelyan); Rosemary Harrison; da Robin Wedderburn. <ref>{{cite web | title=Game Da Mu | website=Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa | date=26 Afrilu 2023 | url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/members | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503095309/https://www.heirsofslavery.org/members | archive-date=3 Mayu 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=12 Mayu 2023}}</ref> === Amurka === Bautar daular ta ƙare a Amurka a shekarar 1865 tare da ƙarshen Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka da kuma tabbatar da Gyara ta Goma Sha Uku ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, wadda ta bayyana cewa “Ba bautar daular ko aiki da tilas ba za su kasance ba a cikin Amurka, ko a wani wuri da ke ƙarƙashin ikon ta, sai dai a matsayin hukunci ga laifi da aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar kotu.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_States_of_America_1992|title=United States of America 1789 (rev. 1992)| website=Constitute Project}}</ref> A wancan lokacin, an kiyasta cewa kimanin miliyan huɗu na Baƙar fata (Afirka-Amurkawa) ne aka ‘yantar.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=King|first=Wilma|year=2004|title=Slavery, United States|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&id=GALE%7CCX3402800373&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&authCount=1|journal=Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood: In History and Society|volume=3|pages=757–758}}</ref> Akwai wasu lokuta na biyan diyya saboda bautar daular da suka faro tun daga 1783 a Arewacin Amurka,<ref name="UMass Reparations Article" /> tare da ƙaruwa cikin misalan zamani na biyan diyya a Amurka a shekarar 2020, yayinda kira na neman diyya ya ƙaru saboda zanga-zangar rashin adalci daga jami’an tsaro da kuma matsalolin wariyar launin fata da ke ci gaba da faruwa a Amurka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/20/joe-biden-reparations-slavery-george-floyd-protests |first=Lauren |last=Gambino|title=Calls for reparations are growing louder. How is the US responding? |newspaper=The Guardian |date=June 20, 2020}}</ref> Ana kuma kiraye-kirayen biyan diyya ga wariyar launin fata a lokaci guda da na bautar daular.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/reparations-for-slavery-arent-enough-official-racism-lasted-much-longer/2019/06/21/2c0ecbe8-9397-11e9-aadb-74e6b2b46f6a_story.html |title=Reparations for slavery aren't enough. Official racism lasted much longer. |first=Cheryll |last=Cashin |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=June 21, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="Black Asheville Demands" /> ==== Goyon baya da adawa ==== A cikin siyasa, an gabatar da kudurin doka a matakin ƙasa mai suna "Dokar Ƙirƙirar Kwamitin Bincike na Biyan Diyya ga 'Yan Afirka-Amurka", wanda tsohon wakili John Conyers Jr. (D-MI) ya gabatar a Majalisar Dokoki ta Amurka duk shekara daga 1989 har zuwa murabus dinsa a 2017.<ref name=":0">Conyers, John (3 October 2013). [http://ibw21.org/commentary/my-reparations-bill-hr-40/ "My Reparations Bill – HR 40"], ''IBW21'' (Institute of the Black World).</ref> Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, kudurin ya bukaci a ƙirƙiri kwamitin bincike da zai duba “tasirin bautar daular a rayuwar zamantakewa, siyasa da tattalin arzikin ƙasa.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/40/all-info|title=All Bill Information for H.R.40 – Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act|last=114th Congress|date=2016|website=Congress.Gov}}</ref> Duk da haka, akwai wasu birane da cibiyoyi da suka fara aiwatar da biyan diyya a Amurka (duba sashen Legislation and other actions). A 1999, lauya kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin Baƙar fata Randall Robinson, wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar TransAfrica, ya rubuta cewa tarihin tashin hankali, kisan gillar, da wariyar launin fata a Amurka sun janyo asarar dala tiriliyan 1.4 ga Baƙar fata.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Randall|year=1999|title=He Drove the First U.S Stake in South African Apartheid|journal=Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|volume=24|pages=58}}</ref> Masanin tattalin arziki Robert Browne ya bayyana cewa, babban burin biyan diyya shi ne “mayar da al’ummar Baƙar fata zuwa matsayin tattalin arziki da za su kasance da shi in ba su fuskanci bautar daular da wariyar launin fata ba.”<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2000-01-01|title=Six White Congressmen Endorse Reparations for Slavery|jstor=2678973|journal=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|issue=27|pages=20–21|doi=10.2307/2678973}}</ref> Ya kiyasta adadin diyya da ya dace tsakanin dala tiriliyan 1.4 zuwa 4.7, ko kusan dala 142,000 ga kowane Baƙar fata da ke raye a yau.<ref name=":1" /> Wasu kiyasi sun kai daga dala tiriliyan 5.7 zuwa 14.2<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Craemer |first1=Thomas |title=Estimating Slavery Reparations: Present Value Comparisons of Historical Multigenerational Reparations Policies |journal=Social Science Quarterly |date=21 April 2015 |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=639–655 |doi=10.1111/ssqu.12151 }}</ref> har zuwa dala tiriliyan 17.1.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Myers |first1=Kristin |title=Slavery reparations could carry a $17 trillion price tag |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/40-acres-and-a-mule-reparations-in-2019-190018747.html |website=Yahoo |publisher=Yahoo Finance|date=27 June 2019}}</ref> Adawa da biyan diyya na nuna a cikin jama’a gaba ɗaya. A wata bincike da aka gudanar da YouGov a 2014, kashi 37% na Amurkawa ne kawai suka yarda cewa ya kamata a ba waɗanda aka bautar da su diyya a kuɗi bayan ‘yantar da su. Ƙari akan haka, kashi 15% ne kawai suka yarda da biyan kuɗi ga zuriyar waɗanda aka bautar da su. Binciken ya nuna bambanci tsakanin farin fata da Baƙar fata. Kamar yadda ya bayyana: “Kashi 6% na farin fata ne kawai ke goyon bayan biyan kuɗi ga zuriyar bayi, yayin da 59% na Baƙar fata ke goyon baya. Haka nan, 19% na farin fata – da 63% na Baƙar fata – ke goyon bayan shirye-shiryen musamman na ilimi da koyon aiki ga zuriyar bayi.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.yougov.com/topics/politics/articles-reports/2014/06/02/reparations|title=Overwhelming opposition to reparations for slavery and Jim Crow|first=Peter|last=Moore|date=2 June 2014}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A 2014, ɗan jaridar Amurka Ta-Nehisi Coates ya wallafa wani labari mai taken "The Case for Reparations", wanda ya bayyana ci gaba da illolin bautar daular da dokokin Jim Crow tare da sabunta buƙatar biyan diyya. Coates ya ambaci kudurin H.R.40 na John Conyers Jr., yana nuna cewa gazawar Majalisa wajen amincewa da shi na nuna rashin niyyarsu ta gyara kura-kurensu na baya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/|title=The Case for Reparations|last=Coates|first=Ta-Nehisi|date=June 2014|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> A martani, ɗan jaridar ra’ayin mazan jiya Kevin D. Williamson ya rubuta labarin "The Case Against Reparations", inda ya ce: “Mutanen da ake bin diyya sun riga sun mutu.”<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2014/05/case-against-reparations-kevin-d-williamson/|title=The Case Against Reparations|last=Williamson|first=Kevin D.|date=May 24, 2014|work=National Review}}</ref> A watan Satumba 2016, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Kwararru kan Mutanen Asalin Afirka ya ƙarfafa Majalisar Dokoki ta Amurka da ta amince da H.R.40 domin nazari kan shawarwarin diyya. Duk da haka, kwamitin bai bayar da goyon baya kai tsaye ga kowanne tsarin diyya ba. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa har yanzu akwai ragowar wariyar launin fata a Amurka, yana cewa “Duk da sauye-sauyen da aka samu tun bayan ƙarshen dokokin Jim Crow da gwagwarmayar kare hakkin ‘yan adam, ra’ayoyin nuna fifikon rukuni ɗaya na ci gaba da cutar da hakkin zamantakewa, siyasa, tattalin arziki, al’adu da na ɗan Adam na Baƙar fata a yau.” Rahoton ya jaddada cewa “akidar wariyar launin fata ta hana haɗin kai a cikin jama’ar Amurka.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ushrnetwork.org/sites/ushrnetwork.org/files/unwgepad_us_visit_final_report_9_15_16.pdf|title=Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its mission to the United States of America|date=August 18, 2016|access-date=July 21, 2025|archive-date=January 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117075452/http://www.ushrnetwork.org/sites/ushrnetwork.org/files/unwgepad_us_visit_final_report_9_15_16.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Batun biyan diyya ya sake samun kulawa a shekarar 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200624170052-dt00z/ |title=Calls for reparations gain steam as U.S. reckons with racial injustice |first1=Nellie |last1=Peyton |first2=Christine |last2=Murray |date=June 24, 2020}}</ref> yayinda gungun Black Lives Matter suka sanya diyya cikin muhimman manufofinsu a Amurka. A 2020, mawaki T.I. ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga biyan diyya inda ya nemi a bai wa kowanne ɗan Afirka-Amurka dala miliyan 1, yana mai cewa bautar daular ce ta haifar da yawaitar ɗaurin kurkuku, talauci, da sauran matsaloli.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pulptastic.com/rapper-t-i-demands-44-trillion-in-slavery-reparations/|title=Rapper T.I. Demands $44 Trillion in Slavery Reparations|date=July 24, 2020|website=Pulptastic}}</ref> === Caribbean === Daga mahangar dokar kasa da kasa, akwai tambaya ko bautar da mutane, kisan kare dangi, da sauran laifukan cin zarafin bil’adama sun kasance haramun a lokacin da aka aikata su a yankin Caribbean; misali, "Ko da yake alamun aikata kisan kare dangi sun bayyana tun zamanin da, haramta shi a dokar kasa da kasa ya zama al’amari ne na farkon karni na 20". Bugu da kari, bisa ga dokokin da aka kafa a matakin kasa da kasa, gwamnati mai maye gurbin wata tsohuwar gwamnati tana da alhakin samar da adalci ta hanyar diyya. A karkashin ka’idar kasa da kasa ta dokar zamani (intertemporal law), ba za a iya amfani da haramtattun dokoki na yanzu akan abubuwan da suka faru a baya ba. Akwai hujja ta shari’a da ke nuni da cewa, akwai keɓancewa daga wannan ka’ida musamman idan ana maganar laifukan cin zarafin bil’adama, domin kasashen Turai da wakilansu ba za su iya tsammanin cewa bautar da mutane za ta kasance doka a nan gaba ba (wanda ake kira da teleological reduction of the principle). Duk da haka, wannan fanni na doka yana da wahala sosai.<ref name=buser2017>{{Cite journal| last=Buser |first=Andreas |date=2017|title=Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide|journal=Heidelberg Journal of International Law|pages=91–115| url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 |ssrn=3050647}}</ref> ====Kwamitin Diyya na CARICOM ==== Caribbean Community (CARICOM), wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1973, kungiya ce ta kasashen gwamnati da ke hade siyasa da tattalin arziki na kasashe 15 a fadin yankin Caribbean.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ramjeet|first=Oscar|date=2009-04-16|title=CARICOM countries will speak with one voice in meetings with US and Canadian leaders|work=Caribbean Net News|url=https://idsa.in/idsacomments/wither-caricom-prospects-post-brexit_sbmagaraj_110716|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713154312/http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/wither-caricom-prospects-post-brexit_sbmagaraj_110716|archive-date=July 13, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=2009-04-16}}</ref> Har zuwa shekarar 1995, CARICOM ta kunshi yankunan da ke magana da Turanci kawai har sai da aka hada Suriname (wanda ke amfani da Dutch) a shekarar 1995; Haiti da wasu kasashen da ba su da Anglophone sun biyo baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news304/nc310133.htm|title=Spanish agreed as CARICOM second language|website=www.landofsixpeoples.com|access-date=2020-08-04|archive-date=2021-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818060949/http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news304/nc310133.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://caricom.org/our-community/who-we-are/|title=Who we are|publisher=Caribbean Community (CARICOM)|access-date=2020-08-04|archive-date=2020-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814200923/https://caricom.org/our-community/who-we-are/|url-status=live}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, a cikin wani jerin jawabai da aka fara a Georgetown, Guyana, domin tunawa da cika shekaru 250 da tawayen bayi na Berbice na 1763, shugaban kwalejin Cave Hill Campus na University of the West Indies, Sir Hilary Beckles ya bukaci kasashen CARICOM su koyi daga matsayar da Yahudawa suka dauka bayan gallazawa da aka musu a Yakin Duniya na Biyu, inda suka kafa asusun diyya ga Yahudawa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/UWI-principal-wants-CARICOM-to-seek-reparation-for-slavery|title=UWI principal wants CARICOM to seek reparation for slavery |website= Jamaica Observer|date=February 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215061238/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/UWI-principal-wants-CARICOM-to-seek-reparation-for-slavery|archive-date=2013-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nycaribnews.com/|title=The New York Carib News|website=New York Carib News -}}</ref> Bisa wannan shawara, aka kafa Kwamitin Diyya na CARICOM<ref>{{cite web | title=Homepage | website=Caribbean Reparations Commission | date=10 August 2016 | url=http://caricomreparations.org/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731105907/http://caricomreparations.org/ | archive-date=31 July 2019 | url-status=dead | access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> a watan Satumba, 2013. A shekarar 2014, kasashe 15 na Caribbean suka bayyana "Shirin Matakai Goma na CARICOM don Adalci ta hanyar Diyya", inda suka nemi diyya daga Turai "...domin ciwon da bautar Atlantic ta haifar".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/09/caribbean-nations-demand-slavery-reparations|title=Caribbean nations prepare demand for slavery reparations|last=Pilkington|first=Ed|date=March 9, 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Cikin bukatun akwai neman afuwar hukumomi, dawo da 'yan Afirka zuwa kasarsu, shirye-shirye don koya da yada tarihin Afirka, da kafa cibiyoyi don inganta karatu, lafiya, da tunanin zuriyar bayi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/reparations-for-native-genocide-and-slavery|title=Reparations for Native Genocide And Slavery|date=October 13, 2015|website=CARICOM}}</ref> Wakilan kasashen Caribbean sun sha bayyana niyyarsu na kai batun gaban Kotun Duniya ta Shari’a (ICJ).<ref name=buser2017/> Duk da haka, {{as of|January 2023|lc=y}} ba a dauki matakin kai karar Gwamnatin Barbados zuwa shari’ar kasa da kasa ba.<ref name=armitage2023>{{cite web | last=Armitage | first=Rebecca | title=Benedict Cumberbatch's ancestors got rich from slavery in Barbados. Now he could be on the hook for reparations|website=ABC News | publisher= [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | date=4 January 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-01-04/benedict-cumberbatch-slavery-reparations/101822368 | access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> ====Antigua da Barbuda==== A shekarar 2011, Antigua da Barbuda sun nemi diyya a gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda suka ce "wariya da tashin hankali da aka yi wa mutanen da suka fito daga Afirka ya hana su ci gaba a matsayin kasashe, al’umma, da kuma mutane." <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39770&Cr=slave&Cr1=#.UThm9zDcTmM|title= Reparations should be made for African slave trade, Antigua and Barbuda tells UN|first=United Nations News Service|last=Section|date=24 September 2011}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, jakadan Antigua da Barbuda zuwa Amurka, Sir Ronald Sanders, ya bukaci Jami’ar Harvard "ta nuna nadama da biyan diyya ga bayi marasa suna daga Antigua da Barbuda". A cewar Sanders, Isaac Royall Jr., wanda shi ne farfesan doka na farko da aka kafa a Harvard, ya dogara ne da bayi a gonarsa da ke Antigua wajen gina makarantar koyon doka ta Harvard. Sanders ya bayar da shawarar cewa a biya wannan diyya ta hanyar bayar da guraben karatu na shekara-shekara ga ‘yan Antigua da Barbuda.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.co.cr/antigua-and-barbuda-asks-harvard-university-for-slavery-reparations/52349/|title=Antigua and Barbuda Asks Harvard University for Slavery Reparations|last=Anders|first=Wendy|date=October 24, 2016|work=The Costa Rica Star}}</ref> ====Barbados==== A shekarar 2012, Gwamnatin Barbados ta kafa kwamiti mai mambobi goma sha biyu don ci gaba da jan hankalin duniya da yankin Caribbean game da batun diyya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://atlantablackstar.com/2012/11/06/barbados-takes-lead-in-fight-for-reparations-for-slavery-in-the-caribbean/|title=Barbados Takes Lead in Fight For Reparations in the Caribbean|date=November 7, 2012|website=Atlanta Black Star|author=Stan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sharenews.com/caricom-and-reparations-for-slavery/|first=Patrick |last=Hunter|title=CARICOM and reparations for slavery|website=Share|date=20 February 2013|access-date=7 March 2013|archive-date=27 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227195153/http://sharenews.com/caricom-and-reparations-for-slavery/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Barbados ya kasance kan gaba wajen "neman diyya daga tsofaffin kasashen mulkin mallaka saboda zaluncin da bayi da zuriyarsu suka sha".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/britain-s-colonial-shame-slave-owners-given-huge-payouts-after-abolition-8508358.html|title=Britain's colonial shame: Slave-owners given huge payouts after|first=Sanchez |last=Manning|date=February 26, 2013|newspaper=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> An ce Barbados ne "kan gaba" (zuwa 2021) wajen bukatar a biya diyya don bautar da mutane.<ref name=naarc>{{cite web | title=Britain's colonial shame: Slave-owners given huge payouts after abolition | website=National African American Reparations Commission (NAARC) | date=7 October 2021 | url=https://reparationscomm.org/reparations-news/britains-colonial-shame-slave-owners-given-huge-payouts-after-abolition/ | access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref> Ya zuwa Janairu 2023, Kwamitin kasa na Barbados na neman diyya daga dan majalisar Burtaniya mai kudi, Richard Drax, saboda laifin danginsa na shiga cikin cinikin bayi. Har yanzu dangin Drax suna da mallakar wani katafaren fili a Barbados; ana cewa Richard Drax yana da dukiyar da ta kai "akalla fam miliyan £150".<ref name=lashmar>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/26/barbados-tory-mp-pay-reparations-family-slave-richard-drax-caribbean-sugar-plantation|title=Barbados plans to make Tory MP pay reparations for family's slave past| first1=Paul|last1=Lashmar|first2= Jonathan |last2=Smith | access-date=4 January 2023|website=The Guardian|date=26 November 2022}}</ref> Idan kwamitin ya kasa samun amincewa da a mayar da Drax Hall zuwa Barbados, gwamnati na shirin kai karar zuwa gaban kotun kasa da kasa.<ref name=armitage2023/> ====Guyana==== A shekarar 2007, shugaban kasar Guyana, Bharrat Jagdeo, ya bukaci kasashen Turai da su biya diyya saboda cinikin bayi.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2007/03/070327_jagdeoreparations.shtml|title= Guyana calls for reparations|publisher=BBCCaribbean.com|date=27 March 2007}}</ref> Shugaba Jagdeo ya bayyana cewa: "Ko da wasu daga cikin al’ummomin duniya sun amince da rawar da suka taka a wannan mummunan tsarin, yakamata su dauki wani mataki na gaba ta hanyar goyon bayan biyan diyya."<ref name=":2" /> A shekarar 2014, majalisar dokokin Guyana ta kafa "Kwamitin Diyya na Guyana" don bincike da bayyana tasirin bautar da mutane da kuma tsara bukatun diyya na hukumomi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://parliament.gov.gy/chamber-business/notice-papers/establishment-of-the-reparations-committee-of-guyana/|title=Establishment of the Reparations Committee of Guyana|website=Parliament of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana|access-date=2025-07-21|archive-date=2025-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612233823/https://www.parliament.gov.gy/chamber-business/notice-papers/establishment-of-the-reparations-committee-of-guyana|url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Haiti==== Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekarar 1804 ta hanyar yakin juyin juya hali na Haiti, an ga cewa akwai dalilin neman diyya ga Haiti. Bayan haka, Faransa ta bukaci sabuwar kasar Haiti da ta biya gwamnatin Faransa da masu bayi fam miliyan 90 na zinariya saboda “satar” rayuwar bayin da suka yi da kuma gonakin da suka mai da riba ta hanyar amfanin su da sukarin da kofi domin a amince da ‘yancin su a hukumance.<ref name="odiousdebts.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.odiousdebts.org/odiousdebts/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=9636 |via=Odious Debts |title= Impoverished Haiti pins hopes for future on a very old debt|first=José |last=De Côrdoba|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=January 2, 2004 |access-date=2011-03-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112093243/http://www.odiousdebts.org/odiousdebts/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=9636 |archive-date=2010-11-12 }}</ref> Wadannan biyan kudade aka dauka a matsayin diyya ga tsofaffin masu bayi, kuma bankunan Faransa da Citibank ne suka dauki nauyin wannan bashin, wanda aka gama biya a shekarar 1947.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0817/France-dismisses-petition-for-it-to-pay-17-billion-in-Haiti-reparations|title=France dismisses petition for it to pay $17 billion in Haiti reparations|date=2010-08-17|work=The Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2019-08-31|issn=0882-7729|first=Robert|last=Marquand}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, tsohon shugaban kasar Haiti, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, ya bukaci Faransa da ta biya Haiti diyya fiye da dalar Amurka biliyan 21, wanda shine darajar yau ta fam miliyan 90 na zinariya da aka tilasta musu su biya domin samun amincewar duniya.<ref name="Jackson Miller">{{cite news |first=Dionne |last=Jackson Miller |title=HAITI: Aristide's Call for Reparations From France Unlikely to Die |date=March 12, 2004 |access-date=20 April 2009 |publisher=Inter Press Service news |url=http://ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=22828 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202065348/http://www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=22828 |archive-date=2 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Revolution>{{cite web|title= Haiti, 1789 to 1806|first=Frank E. |last=Smitha|url=http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h34-np2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212182348/http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h34-np2.html|archive-date=2009-02-12|url-status=live|access-date=2009-04-20}}</ref> Aristide daga baya ya zargi Faransa da Amurka da kifar da gwamnatinsa a wani juyin mulki a shekarar 2004, yana cewa hakan ya biyo bayan bukatarsa ta diyya. ====Jamaica==== A shekarar 2004, wata kungiya ta ‘yan kishin kasa daga Jamaica ciki har da mambobin Rastafari, sun bukaci kasashen Turai da suka shiga cinikin bayi da su dauki nauyin mayar da ‘yan Rastafari 500,000 zuwa kasar Ethiopia (sun kiyasta wannan diyya da fam biliyan 72.5, ko kuma kimanin dalar Amurka 150,000 ga kowane mutum). Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta yi watsi da wannan bukata.<ref name="JamaicanCommission" /> A shekarar 2012, Gwamnatin Jamaica ta farfado da kwamitinta na diyya don tantance ko kasar ya kamata ta nemi afuwa ko diyya daga Birtaniya saboda rawar da ta taka a cinikin bayi.<ref name=JamaicanCommission>{{cite news |title=Jamaicans Form Commission to Investigate Slavery Reparations from Britain |date=1 November 2012 |agency=Associated Press |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/jamaica-revives-slavery-reparations-commission |access-date=23 December 2012 |archive-date=26 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026141900/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/jamaica-revives-slavery-reparations-commission |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masu adawa sun nuna cewa rawar da Birtaniya ta taka wajen kawo karshen cinikin bayi ya isa dalili da zai sa kada a biya diyya. A shekarar 2021, gwamnatin Jamaica ta sake duba batun neman diyya saboda bautar da mutane. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa gwamnatin Jamaica na neman fam biliyan 7 daga Birtaniya saboda barnar da bautar da mutane ta haifar, ciki har da fam miliyan 20 da gwamnatin Birtaniya ta biya tsofaffin masu bayi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McLeod|first=Sheri-Kae|date=2021-07-15|title=Jamaica Demands Billions in Slavery Reparations from UK|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/caribbean-breaking-news-featured/jamaica-demands-billions-in-slavery-reparations-from-uk/|access-date=2021-07-15|website=Caribbean News|language=en}}</ref> ===Duniya Musulmi=== An ba da shawarar biyan diyya saboda bautar tarihi a cikin duniyar Musulmi.<ref>{{cite book | title=Bauta da Musulunci | last=Brown | first=J.A.C. | isbn=9781786076366| year=2020 | publisher=Oneworld Publications}}</ref> ==Ta yankin asalin bayi== === Afirka === A shekarar 1999, Hukumar Gaskiya ta Duniya kan Diyya da Komawar Bayi ta Afirka ta bukaci kasashen yamma su biya dala tiriliyan 777 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=777000000000000|start_year=1999}}}} a cikin {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) ga Afirka a cikin shekaru biyar.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=BBC |title=Afirka na bukatar diyya tiriliyan a kan cinikin bayi |date=20 Agusta, 1999 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/424984.stm}}</ref> A watan Satumba 2001, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta dauki nauyin Taron Duniya kan wariyar launin fata, ƙyamar baƙi da rashin ɗa’a da aka gudanar a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu. Taron Bita na Durban ya bayar da kuduri cewa kasashen yamma suna bin diyya ga Afirka saboda "wariyar launin fata, ƙyamar baƙi da rashin ɗa’a" da cinikin bayi na Atlantic ya haddasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Howard-Hassmann|first=Rhoda E.|date=2004-01-01|title=Diyya ga Afirka da Rukunin Fitattun Mutane|jstor=4393370|journal=Cahiers d'Études Africaines|volume=44|issue=173/174|pages=81–97|doi=10.4000/etudesafricaines.4543|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.un.org/WCAR/pressreleases/rd-d24.html |title=Amincewa da Abin Da Ya Gabata, Bukatar Diyya daga Shugabanni a Taron Wariyar Launin Fata |publisher=World Conference against Racism |date=2 Satumba, 2001 |access-date=15 Nuwamba, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/WCAR/pressreleases/rd-d35.htm|title=Bukatar Dakile Wariyar da Take Shafuka da Dama a Taron |publisher=Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|access-date=15 Nuwamba, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807020652/http://www.un.org/WCAR/pressreleases/rd-d35.htm|archive-date=7 Agusta, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shugabanni daga wasu kasashen Afirka sun goyi bayan wannan kuduri. Tsohon Ministan Shari’a na Sudan, Ali Mohamed Osman Yassin, ya bayyana cewa cinikin bayi ne ke da alhakin matsalolin Afirka a yau. Shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu Cyril Ramaphosa ya goyi bayan bayar da diyya saboda bayi da cinikin bayi, a bikin cika shekaru 20 da bayyana kudurin Durban.<ref>{{cite web |website=News24 |title=Ramaphosa ya bukaci MDD ta tattauna kan diyya saboda bayi |url=https://www.news24.com/ramaphosa-asks-un-to-discuss-reparations-for-slavery-20210922 |date=22 Satumba, 2021}}</ref> ====Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka da Kudurin Caricom na Diyya Duniya==== An kafa Kundin Diyya na Duniya ta Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka da Caricom a wata taro da aka yi a Ghana a watan Nuwamba 2023.<ref name=GuardNov23>{{cite news|last=Gentleman|first=Amelia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/17/african-and-caribbean-nations-agree-move-to-seek-reparations-for-slavery|title=Kasashen Afirka da Caribbean sun yarda da neman diyya kan bayi|date=17 Nuwamba, 2023|access-date=17 Nuwamba, 2023|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Shugaban Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo, ya bayyana a taron cewa “Dukkan lokacin bayi ya hana ci gabanmu ta fuskar tattalin arziki, al’adu da bangaren tunani. Akwai labaran dangi da dama da suka rabu ... Ba za ka iya aunawa ba, amma dole ne a gane tasirin wannan annoba”.<ref name=GuardNov23/> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ==Ƙara karatu== * {{cite news|title=The centuries-long fight for reparations|first=Ana Lucia|last=Araujo|author-link=Ana Lucia Araujo|date=April 28, 2019 |newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/04/28/centuries-long-fight-reparations/}} <!--* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. "Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History"?'','' New York: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 276.--> * Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. ''Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History'', New York / London: Bloomsbury Academic. {{ISBN|135001060X}} * Barragan, Yesenia. 2021. ''Freedom's Captives: Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific (Afro-Latin America)'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{doi|10.1017/9781108935890}} * [[Hilary Beckles|Beckles, Hilary]]. ''Britain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide'', Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-9766402686}} * Buser, Andreas. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 "Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide"], ''Heidelberg Journal of International Law'' (2017), pp.&nbsp;409–446. * [[Ta-Nehisi Coates|Coates, Ta-Nehisi]]. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/ "The Case for Reparations"], ''The Atlantic'', June 2014. * du Plessis, Max. 2003. "Historical Injustice and International Law: An Exploratory Discussion of Reparation for Slavery" Human Rights Quarterly, 25(3), 624–659. * Manjapra, Kris. June 17, 2022. "D.C.'s Enslavers Got Reparations. Freed People Got Nothing", ''Politico''. * Manjapra, Kris. 2019. "The Scandal of the British Slavery Abolition Act Loan", ''Social and Economic Studies'', 68(3/4), 165–184. {{JSTOR|45299245}} * {{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |title=Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law |date=16 December 2005 |id=A/RES/60/147 |url=http://undocs.org/A/RES/60/147 |access-date=10 July 2017 }} ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx HTML version]) with a definition and the components of full and effective reparation, as laid out in principles 19 to 23. * America, Richard F. ''Wealth of Races: The Present Value of Benefits from Past Injustices''. Praeger Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0313257531}} * Burlette, Carterm W.. [http://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications/1030/ "True Reparations"], ''The George Washington Law Review'', Vol. 68, No. 1021, 2000. * America, Richard F. "Racial Inequality, Economic Dysfunction, and Reparations'', ''Challenge,'' Vol. 38, No. 6, 1995, pp.&nbsp;40–45. {{JSTOR|40721651}} ==Hanyoyin waje== * ''[https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf Kayan Aiki na Diyya Yanzu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015100013/https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf |date=15 Oktoba 2019 }}'', Movement for Black Lives, 2019. * ''[http://www.c-span.org/person/?richardamerica Huɗa game da Diyya ga Baƙar fata]'', Richard F. America, bidiyon C-SPAN na TransAfrica Forum, 11 Janairu 2000. * ''[https://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010827.reparations.html Gyaran Lamura: Muhawara kan Diyya ga Bautar Amurka tana ci gaba]'', National Public Radio, 27 Agusta 2001. * [http://www.zinnedproject.org/news/reparations-and-climate-justice/ Diyya da Adalcin Yanayi] (tare da Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò), wani ɓangare na jerin Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online. * [https://caricomreparations.org/ Hukumar Diyya ta Caribbean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110920/https://caricomreparations.org/ |date=2025-06-10 }} ctn5x9j0n6k4mxo1zd4ircgjx1zikfl 887863 887862 2026-07-26T19:26:23Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sakamako na bauta''' ya shafi tsarin biyan kuɗi [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] game da take haƙƙin ɗan adam [[Bauta|na bautar da ake yi]] a Amurka da abin da ya gada ga waɗanda aka yi wa [[bauta]] da/ko zuriyarsu. Akwai ra'ayoyi don ramuwa a falsafar shari'a da ramuwa a cikin adalcin tsaka-tsaki. Ana iya ɗaukar fansa da yawa, ciki har da taimako na zahiri da na kuɗi ga zuriyar waɗanda aka bautar, godiya ko ba da uzuri ga mutane ko al'ummomin da bautar ta shafa, ko girmama abubuwan tunawa da mutanen da aka bautar da su ta hanyar sanya wa abubuwa suna. “Waɗanda aka yi wa bauta” na iya nufin bautar da ta gabata ko kuma bautar da ke gudana a ƙarni na 21. Kamar yadda Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ayyana, "rayya" na nufin matakan da gwamnati ke ɗauka na gyara take hakkin ɗan Adam ta hanyar samar da fa'idodi da dama na abubuwan amfani ga waɗanda abin ya shafa ko iyalansu da kuma al'ummomin da abin ya shafa da al'umma baki ɗaya. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya [https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations ta sanya sunayen] waɗannan abubuwan da ake buƙata don wani abu don cancanta a matsayin ramawa: ramawa, diyya, gyarawa da gamsuwa. Wasu ramuwar gayya na bauta sun samo asali ne tun a ƙarni na 18 a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]], amma tushen irin waɗannan ayyuka ya taru a ƙarni na 21, inda gwamnatoci da daidaikun mutane a Burtaniya, Amurka, da turawan mulkin mallaka suka ɗauki matakai daban-daban. ==Kudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya== Kudurin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya na Gaba daya lamba 60/147 yana nuni da matakan gyara take hakkin dan Adam ciki har da dawo da abinda aka rasa da kuma diyya.<ref name="e910">{{cite web | title=Reparations | website=OHCHR | date=15 December 2020 | url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations | access-date=31 May 2025}}</ref> == Nau'uka == Rarraba na iya ɗaukar nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, ciki har da matakai masu amfani kamar aikin tabbatarwa; biyan kuɗi na mutum ɗaya; ƙauyuka; tallafin karatu da sauran tsare-tsaren ilimi; tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare don magance rashin adalci; ko kuma diyya ta ƙasa mai alaƙa da 'yancin kai. Sauran nau’o’in ramako sun haɗa da uzuri da amincewa da zalunci; <ref name="UMass Reparations Article">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Allen |date=May 11, 2020 |title=An Historical Timeline of Reparations Payments Made From 1783 through 2020 by the United States Government, States, Cities, Religious Institutions, Colleges and Universities, and Corporations |url=https://guides.library.umass.edu/reparations |access-date=July 12, 2020 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst}}</ref> kawar da abubuwan tarihi da kuma canza sunan titunan da ke girmama bayi da masu kare bayi; ko sanya wa gini sunan wanda aka bautar ko kuma wani mai alaƙa da rushewa. <ref name="Black Asheville Demands">{{Cite web |date=June 26, 2020 |title=Reparations Section |url=https://www.blackavldemands.org/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615185752/https://www.blackavldemands.org/ |archive-date=15 June 2020 |access-date=July 12, 2020 |website=Black Asheville Demands (BAD)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kepley-Steward |first=Kristy |last2=Santostasi |first2=Stephanie |date=July 10, 2020 |title=Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered |url=https://wlos.com/news/local/vance-monument-robert-e-lee-confederate-monuments-downtown-asheville-removed-covered |access-date=July 12, 2020 |website=wlos.com}}</ref> Shugabannin ƙungiyoyin ramuwa na Amurka [https://liberationventures.b-cdn.net/A%20Dream%20in%20Our%20Name.pdf sun ɓullo da] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118070351/https://liberationventures.b-cdn.net/A%20Dream%20in%20Our%20Name.pdf |date=2025-01-18 }} tsarin gyaran launin fata masu zuwa don rarraba sassan ramuwa don bauta: 1. Hisabi: Fahimtar ko kokawa da menene, wanene, ta yaya, da dalilin ayyukan da suka haifar da cutarwa. 2. Amincewa: Shigar da jama'a cewa an yi ɓarna 3. Ladabi: Mallaka da sadaukar da kai don ɗaukar mataki, dakatarwa da gyara lahani. 4. Gyara: Ayyukan ramawa, diyya na kuɗi, da gyarawa, matakan da aka ɗauka don shigar da adalcin launin fata a cikin tsarin da "warkar da rauni" Gabaɗaya ba a kirga taimakon raya ƙasa azaman ramawar ba. <ref name="u881">{{Cite journal |last=Andrews |first=Kehinde |year=2024 |title=The Knife is Still in Our Backs: Reparations Washing and the Limits of Reparatory Justice Campaigns |journal=Development and Change |publisher=Wiley |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=628–650 |doi=10.1111/dech.12848 |issn=0012-155X |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Ta yankin da aka yi ta== ===Netherlands=== A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, firaministan Netherlands, Mark Rutte, ya nemi afuwa a madadin Gwamnatin Dutch saboda rawar da ta taka a bautar a wani taron da aka yi a National Archives a The Hague, inda akwai wakilan kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gwamnatin ta kuma yi alkawarin bayar da Yuro miliyan 200 don "wayar da kan jama'a, haɓaka haɗin kai da magance tasirin bautar a yau," kuma tana shirin yin bikin tunawa da tarihin bautar a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2023, tare da ƙasashen Dutch Caribbean, Suriname, da sauran ƙasashe.<ref>{{cite web | title=Government apologises for the Netherlands' role in the history of slavery | website=Government of the Netherlands | date=19 December 2022 | url=https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2022/12/19/government-apologises-for-the-netherlands-role-in-the-history-of-slavery | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Mission Statement | website=Heirs of Slavery | url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement | access-date=12 May 2023 | archive-date=12 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512012006/https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement | url-status=dead }}</ref> ====Ramuwar Gayya Ga Maigidan Bayi (1837)==== Dokar Slave Compensation Act 1837 ta kasance doka daga Majalisar Dokoki ta Birtaniya, wadda aka sanya hannu a kanta a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1837, domin kawo ‘yanci tare da biyan diyya. <ref>{{cite web | title=1837: 1 Victoria c.3: Slavery Compensation Act | via=The Statutes Project | date=1837| publisher= British Government | url=https://statutes.org.uk/site/the-statutes/nineteenth-century/1837-1-victoria-c-3-slavery-compensation-act/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> Maigidan bayi sun karbi kimanin £20 miliyan a matsayin diyya a cikin fiye da kyaututtuka 40,000 don bayi da aka 'yanta a yankunan mulkin mallakar Caribbean, Mauritius da Cape of Good Hope. <ref>{{cite book|title =BBC History magazine| publisher=Bristol Magazines Ltd| issn=1469-8552|date=June 2010}}</ref> Wannan adadi ya kai kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasafin kudin shekara na Baitul Mal na Birtaniya, kuma an kiyasta cewa yana daidai da kimanin £16.5bn a cikin kuɗin yau. <ref name=naarc/> Wasu daga cikin kudaden an maida su 3.5% na kuɗaɗen fansho na gwamnati, wanda ya sa aikin ya dauki lokaci mai tsawo. <ref>{{cite web | last=Brown | first=Matthew | title=Fact check: United Kingdom finished paying off debts to slave-owning families in 2015 | website=USA TODAY | date=30 June 2020 | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/06/30/fact-check-u-k-paid-off-debts-slave-owning-families-2015/3283908001/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> Dokar, wadda aka sani da 1 and 2 Vict. 3, ta kasance babbar dokar duniya da ta tabbatar da ‘yancin bayi ta hanyar biyan diyya. Ta baiwa Kwamishinonin Rage Bashin Ƙasa damar tara £20 miliyan ta hanyar fitar da hannun jari na gwamnati, hanyar ɗaukar bashi da aka ɗora akan kudaden haraji na gaba domin biya maigidan bayi diyya kan "asarar dukiyarsu."{{cn|date=July 2025}} ===Birtaniya=== A shekarun 2010, misalan diyya na ƙasashen duniya don bautar sun ƙunshi amincewa da rashin adalci na bauta da kuma neman afuwa game da hannu amma ba a ba da diyya ta kayan abu ba.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/4543?lang=en |title=Reparations to Africa and the Group of Eminent Persons |date=2004 |first=Rhoda E. |last=Howard-Hassmann | author-link = Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann |journal=Cahiers d'Études africaines |volume=44 |issue=173–174 |pages=81–97 |doi=10.4000/etudesafricaines.4543 |s2cid=145746084 |access-date=July 20, 2020 |quote=...a French law of 2001 that recognizes the trans-Atlantic slave trade as a crime against humanity, and the admission by the Belgians in 2002 of their role in the murder of Patrice Lumumba, first President of independent Congo.|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Blair apology">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6185176.stm |title=Blair 'sorrow' over slave trade {{!}} Prime Minister Tony Blair has said he feels 'deep sorrow' for Britain's role in the slave trade|publisher=BBC News|date=27 November 2006|access-date=15 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Yuni na 2023, ƙungiyar Brattle Group ta gabatar da rahoto a wani taron a Jami'ar West Indies inda aka kiyasta diyyar da za a bi, don lahani a lokacin da kuma bayan zamanin bautar transatlantic fiye da dala tiriliyan 100.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahon |first=Leah |date=August 2023 |title=£18 trillion – what Britain owes in reparations. Time to pay up |pages=6–7|url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/news/features-news/2023/07/28/18-trillion-what-britain-owes-in-reparations-time-to-pay-up/ |newspaper=The Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Kim |date=2023-07-10 |title=Brattle Consultants Quantify Reparations for Transatlantic Chattel Slavery in Pro Bono Paper |url=https://www.brattle.com/insights-events/publications/brattle-consultants-quantify-reparations-for-transatlantic-chattel-slavery-in-pro-bono-paper/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Brattle |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na 2023, an gudanar da taron diyya na UK kuma aka ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa cewa dole ne a "bi da cimma" cikakken adalci na diyya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.appg-ar.org/uk-reparations-conference-2023-statement|title=UK Reparations Conference 2023 Statement|publisher=All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for Afrikan Reparations|access-date=2024-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Holloway |first=Lester |date=November 2023 |title=Reparations on the agenda |pages=8 |work=The Voice}}</ref> ====Diyyar masu bauta (1837)==== Dokar Diyyar Bauta ta 1837 wata doka ce ta Majalisa a Burtaniya, wacce aka sanya hannu a kanta a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1837, don kawo 'yantar da bayi tare diyya.<ref>{{cite web | title=1837: 1 Victoria c.3: Slavery Compensation Act | via=The Statutes Project | date=1837| publisher= British Government | url=https://statutes.org.uk/site/the-statutes/nineteenth-century/1837-1-victoria-c-3-slavery-compensation-act/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> An bi masu bayi kusan fam miliyan 20 a matsayin diyya a cikin kyaututtuka sama da 40,000 don bayi da aka 'yantar a yankunan Caribbean, Mauritius da Cape of Good Hope.<ref>{{cite book|title =BBC History magazine| publisher=Bristol Magazines Ltd| issn=1469-8552|date=June 2010}}</ref> Wannan yana wakiltar kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasafin kuɗin shekara na Baitul Mal na Burtaniya kuma an ƙididdige shi daidai da fam biliyan 16.5 a yau.<ref name=naarc/> An canza wasu daga cikin biyan kuɗin zuwa cikin kuɗin gwamnati na kashi 3.5, wanda ya haifar da tsawaita lokaci.<ref>{{cite web | last=Brown | first=Matthew | title=Fact check: United Kingdom finished paying off debts to slave-owning families in 2015 | website=USA TODAY | date=30 June 2020 | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/06/30/fact-check-u-k-paid-off-debts-slave-owning-families-2015/3283908001/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> ====Sanarwar Abuja da ARM (1993)==== {{anchor|Africa Reparations Movement}} Ƙungiyar Africa Reparations Movement, wacce aka fi sani da ARM (UK), an kafa ta a shekara ta 1993 bayan sanarwar [[Abuja]] da aka bayyana a taron farko na Pan-African Conference on Reparations a Abuja, Najeriya, a wannan shekarar. Taron ne kungiyar Organisation of African Unity (OAU) da gwamnatin Najeriya suka kira.<ref name=cr>{{cite web | title=African Union - Colonialism | website=Colonialism Reparation | url=https://www.colonialismreparation.org/en/compensations/african-union-colonialism.html | access-date=12 May 2023 | archive-date=12 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512081636/https://www.colonialismreparation.org/en/compensations/african-union-colonialism.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> A farkon shekara ta 1993, dan majalisar Burtaniya Bernie Grant ya zagaya kasar yana magana game da bukatar a biya diyya ga bautar.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://berniegrantarchive.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Reparations-or-Bust-Speech.pdf| first= Bernie| last=Grant| title= Reparations or Bust!| publisher= Africa Reparations Movement (UK) | series= Information Sheet No. 3| quote=...edited version of a speech he gave in Birmingham on 12th April...| pages=1–10}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Mayu 1993, ya gabatar da kuduri a majalisar House of Commons na Burtaniya cewa majalisa ta amince da sanarwar kuma ta amince da cewa sanarwar "ta yi kira ga al'ummar duniya da su amince da cewa har yanzu ba a biya bashin da ba a taba yi wa al'ummar Afirka ba, kuma ta bukaci duk kasashen da suka wadatar da bautar da mulkin mallaka da su duba batun biyan diyya ga Afirka da Afirka a cikin Diaspora; ta kuma amince da ci gaba da illolin tattalin arziki da na sirri na cin zarafin Afirka da Afirka a cikin Diaspora da kuma wariyar launin fata da ta haifar; kuma ta goyi bayan OAU yayin da take kara himma wajen bin sawun biyan diyya." Kudurin ya samu goyon bayan Bernie Grant, Tony Benn, Tony Banks, John Austin-Walker, Harry Barnes, da Gerry Bermingham. Wasu 'yan majalisar Labour Party 46 suka sanya hannu don goyon bayan kudurin, ciki har da shugaban adawa na gaba, Jeremy Corbyn.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 May 1993|title=Abuja Proclamation – Early Day Motions|url=https://edm.parliament.uk/early-day-motion/5521/abuja-proclamation|access-date=2020-07-09|website=edm.parliament.uk|publisher=UK Parliament}}</ref> Sanarwar Abuja ta yi kira da a kafa kwamitocin biyan diyya a ko'ina cikin Afirka da kuma Diaspora. Bernie Grant ya kafa ARM UK a watan Disamba 1993<ref name=hub>{{cite web | title=Africa Reparations Movement (UK) | website=Archives Hub | url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/e592d7bc-9dd7-3c28-8a10-49f56aadecab | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref> a matsayin wanda ya kafa tare da shugabanta, tare da babban rukuni da suka hada da: sakatare Sam Walker; mai kula da kudi Linda Bellos da amintattu Patrick Wilmott, Stephen A. Small (malamin Burtaniya wanda ya kware a fannin bautar<ref>{{cite web | title=Stephen A. Small | website=African American Studies | url=https://africam.berkeley.edu/people/stephen-a-small/ | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Professor Stephen Small | website=National Museums Liverpool | date=25 August 2020 | url=https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/slavery-remembrance-day/professor-stephen-small | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref>), da Hugh Oxley.<ref name=hub/> Manufar ARM ita ce:<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/6a140a54-662a-44cf-b533-4e8146898d7b |title=African Reparations Movement records 1963 – 2000| quote= This record is held by the Bishopsgate Institute.|publisher=The National Archives|language=en}}</ref> * yin amfani da duk hanyoyin halatta don samun diyya ga bautar da mulkin mallaka na mutanen Afirka a Afirka da kuma a cikin Diaspora * yin amfani da duk hanyoyin halatta don dawo da kayayyakin tarihin Afirka daga ko'ina a halin yanzu * neman afuwa daga gwamnatocin yammacin duniya game da bautar da mulkin mallaka na mutanen Afirka * yin kamfe don amincewa da gudunmawar da mutanen Afirka suka bayar ga tarihin duniya da wayewa * yin kamfe don bayyana tarihin Afirka daidai don maido da mutunci da girman kai ga mutanen Afirka * ilimantarwa da wayar da kan matasan Afirka, a nahiyar da kuma a cikin Diaspora, game da manyan al'adun Afirka, harsuna da wayewa Bayan mutuwar Bernie Grant a shekara ta 2000, ARM UK ta daina aiki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stanford-Xosei|first=Esther|title=Black British History : New Perspectives|publisher=Zed|editor-link= Hakim Adi|isbn=978-1786994257|editor-last=Adi|editor-first=Hakim| location=London |pages=176–198| chapter=The Long Road of Pan-African Liberation to Reparatory Justice|date=March 2019}}</ref> ====Class action (2004)==== A shekarar 2004, lauya mai rikitarwa na diyya Ed Fagan ya kaddamar da karar hadin gwiwa kan kasuwar inshora Lloyd's of London dangane da rawar da suka taka wurin inshorar jiragen bayi da suka shiga cikin cinikin bayi na ƙetaren teku.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2004|title=’Ya’yan bayi sun shigar da karar dala biliyan 1 kan kamfanonin da ake zargi da alaƙa da cinikin bayi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CL4DAAAAMBAJ&q=lloyds+of+london+genocide&pg=PA36|journal=Jet|volume=150|issue=17|pages=36–37}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2004/mar/28/insurance.usnews|title=’Ya’yan bayi sun shigar da kara da Lloyd's|last=Walsh|first=Conal|date=27 March 2004|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-03-14|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/uk/3578863.stm ’Ya’yan bayi za su shigar da kara da Lloyd's]". BBC News, 29 March 2004. An dawo da shi 15 October 2009.</ref> An kasa samun nasarar wannan kara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6422721.stm|title= Lissafin kudin da cinikin bayi ya haifar|last=Stamp|first=Gavin|date=20 March 2007|website=BBC News news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-14}}</ref> ====Neman gafara==== A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2006, Firayim Ministan Birtaniya [[Tony Blair]] ya fitar da bayani yana nuna "baƙin ciki mai zurfi" dangane da rawar Birtaniya a cikin cinikin bayi, yana cewa abin "kunya ne matuka". Masu fafutukar neman diyya a Birtaniya sun soki wannan jawabi, inda Esther Stanford ta ce Blair ya kamata ya bayar da "gafara mai ma'ana", wadda za a bi da "matakan diyya daban-daban da suka haɗa da biyan diyya".<ref name="Blair apology" /> Blair ya sake fitar da wata gafara a 2007 bayan ganawa da Shugaban Ghana [[John Kufuor]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6451793.stm "Blair ‘sorry’ kan rawar Birtaniya a cinikin bayi"]. BBC News, 14 March 2007. An samu dama 15 March 2007.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Agusta 2007, tsohon Magajin Garin London Ken Livingstone ya bayar da gafara a bainar jama’a dangane da rawar London a cinikin bayi na ƙetaren teku a yayin bikin cika shekaru 200 da kafa dokar hana cinikin bayi ta 1807. A cikin jawabin, Livingstone ya bukaci Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta kafa dokar da za ta samar da ranar tunawa da bayi a duk faɗin ƙasar UK.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/aug/24/london.humanrights|title=Livingstone ya yi kuka yayin da yake neman gafara kan bayi|date=24 August 2007|newspaper=The Guardian|last1=Muir|first1=Hugh|access-date=30 July 2014}}</ref> Blair ya sake bayar da gafara a 2007 bayan ganawa da Shugaban Ghana John Kufuor a yayin bikin cika shekaru 50 na samun ‘yancin Ghana. Duk da cewa ya kara bayyana baƙin ciki da kira cinikin bayi na ƙetaren teku “tabo ne a tarihi”, masu sukar ra’ayi sun yi amannar cewa ya kasa bayyana rawar Birtaniya da nauyin da ya rataya a kanta. Masu fafutuka na diyya sun ce irin wannan jawabi, duk da yana da ma’ana ta alama, bai kai ga tabbatar da adalci mai ma'ana ko haifar da sauyin dokar da za a jingina da shi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-08-09 |title=’Yan Afrika suna bikin kawar da cinikin bayi |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/africans-mark-abolition-of-slave-trade-idUSZWE635279/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |work=Reuters |language=en-GB}}</ref> ====Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa==== A watan Fabrairu 2023, tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar jarida ta BBC Laura Trevelyan, wadda danginta ke da gonakin runbun a Grenada, ta je Grenada don bayar da uzuri bisa cutar da suka jawo tare da bayar da diyya. Danginta sun nemi gafara daga ƙasar Grenada bisa illar bautar da suka yi, kuma ƙungiyar ta buƙaci Firayim Ministan Birtaniya da Sarki Charles su bayar da uzuri na hukuma a madadin Birtaniya. <ref name=baker2023>{{cite web | last=Baker | first=Nick | title=Wadannan 'magadan bautar daƙiƙa' na Birtaniya suna ƙoƙarin biyan diyya bisa laifukan da suka gabata | website=ABC News (Australia)| date=11 Mayu 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-05-11/british-heirs-of-slavery-reparations-caribbean/102308216 | access-date=11 Mayu 2023}}</ref> A watan Afrilu 2023, ta kafa ƙungiyar Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa tare da wasu, wadda ke ƙunshe da zuriyar waɗanda suka amfana daga bautar daƙiƙa ta Birtaniya, suna kuma son gyara tarihi. Dangin Trevelyan sun bada gudunmawa ta kuɗi don shirye-shiryen ilimi a Grenada ta hannun CARICOM, kuma suna fatan cewa ƙungiyar Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa za ta kawo irin waɗannan ayyuka a babban mataki. sauran mambobin ƙungiyar sun haɗa da David Lascelles, na 8 Earl na Harewood; Charles Gladstone, zuriyar Firayim Minista William Gladstone; jarumi Alex Renton; <ref name=baker2023/> Richard Atkinson; John Dower (na dangin Trevelyan); Rosemary Harrison; da Robin Wedderburn. <ref>{{cite web | title=Game Da Mu | website=Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa | date=26 Afrilu 2023 | url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/members | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503095309/https://www.heirsofslavery.org/members | archive-date=3 Mayu 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=12 Mayu 2023}}</ref> === Amurka === Bautar daular ta ƙare a Amurka a shekarar 1865 tare da ƙarshen Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka da kuma tabbatar da Gyara ta Goma Sha Uku ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, wadda ta bayyana cewa “Ba bautar daular ko aiki da tilas ba za su kasance ba a cikin Amurka, ko a wani wuri da ke ƙarƙashin ikon ta, sai dai a matsayin hukunci ga laifi da aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar kotu.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_States_of_America_1992|title=United States of America 1789 (rev. 1992)| website=Constitute Project}}</ref> A wancan lokacin, an kiyasta cewa kimanin miliyan huɗu na Baƙar fata (Afirka-Amurkawa) ne aka ‘yantar.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=King|first=Wilma|year=2004|title=Slavery, United States|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&id=GALE%7CCX3402800373&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&authCount=1|journal=Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood: In History and Society|volume=3|pages=757–758}}</ref> Akwai wasu lokuta na biyan diyya saboda bautar daular da suka faro tun daga 1783 a Arewacin Amurka,<ref name="UMass Reparations Article" /> tare da ƙaruwa cikin misalan zamani na biyan diyya a Amurka a shekarar 2020, yayinda kira na neman diyya ya ƙaru saboda zanga-zangar rashin adalci daga jami’an tsaro da kuma matsalolin wariyar launin fata da ke ci gaba da faruwa a Amurka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/20/joe-biden-reparations-slavery-george-floyd-protests |first=Lauren |last=Gambino|title=Calls for reparations are growing louder. How is the US responding? |newspaper=The Guardian |date=June 20, 2020}}</ref> Ana kuma kiraye-kirayen biyan diyya ga wariyar launin fata a lokaci guda da na bautar daular.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/reparations-for-slavery-arent-enough-official-racism-lasted-much-longer/2019/06/21/2c0ecbe8-9397-11e9-aadb-74e6b2b46f6a_story.html |title=Reparations for slavery aren't enough. Official racism lasted much longer. |first=Cheryll |last=Cashin |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=June 21, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="Black Asheville Demands" /> ==== Goyon baya da adawa ==== A cikin siyasa, an gabatar da kudurin doka a matakin ƙasa mai suna "Dokar Ƙirƙirar Kwamitin Bincike na Biyan Diyya ga 'Yan Afirka-Amurka", wanda tsohon wakili John Conyers Jr. (D-MI) ya gabatar a Majalisar Dokoki ta Amurka duk shekara daga 1989 har zuwa murabus dinsa a 2017.<ref name=":0">Conyers, John (3 October 2013). [http://ibw21.org/commentary/my-reparations-bill-hr-40/ "My Reparations Bill – HR 40"], ''IBW21'' (Institute of the Black World).</ref> Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, kudurin ya bukaci a ƙirƙiri kwamitin bincike da zai duba “tasirin bautar daular a rayuwar zamantakewa, siyasa da tattalin arzikin ƙasa.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/40/all-info|title=All Bill Information for H.R.40 – Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act|last=114th Congress|date=2016|website=Congress.Gov}}</ref> Duk da haka, akwai wasu birane da cibiyoyi da suka fara aiwatar da biyan diyya a Amurka (duba sashen Legislation and other actions). A 1999, lauya kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin Baƙar fata Randall Robinson, wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar TransAfrica, ya rubuta cewa tarihin tashin hankali, kisan gillar, da wariyar launin fata a Amurka sun janyo asarar dala tiriliyan 1.4 ga Baƙar fata.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Randall|year=1999|title=He Drove the First U.S Stake in South African Apartheid|journal=Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|volume=24|pages=58}}</ref> Masanin tattalin arziki Robert Browne ya bayyana cewa, babban burin biyan diyya shi ne “mayar da al’ummar Baƙar fata zuwa matsayin tattalin arziki da za su kasance da shi in ba su fuskanci bautar daular da wariyar launin fata ba.”<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2000-01-01|title=Six White Congressmen Endorse Reparations for Slavery|jstor=2678973|journal=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|issue=27|pages=20–21|doi=10.2307/2678973}}</ref> Ya kiyasta adadin diyya da ya dace tsakanin dala tiriliyan 1.4 zuwa 4.7, ko kusan dala 142,000 ga kowane Baƙar fata da ke raye a yau.<ref name=":1" /> Wasu kiyasi sun kai daga dala tiriliyan 5.7 zuwa 14.2<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Craemer |first1=Thomas |title=Estimating Slavery Reparations: Present Value Comparisons of Historical Multigenerational Reparations Policies |journal=Social Science Quarterly |date=21 April 2015 |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=639–655 |doi=10.1111/ssqu.12151 }}</ref> har zuwa dala tiriliyan 17.1.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Myers |first1=Kristin |title=Slavery reparations could carry a $17 trillion price tag |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/40-acres-and-a-mule-reparations-in-2019-190018747.html |website=Yahoo |publisher=Yahoo Finance|date=27 June 2019}}</ref> Adawa da biyan diyya na nuna a cikin jama’a gaba ɗaya. A wata bincike da aka gudanar da YouGov a 2014, kashi 37% na Amurkawa ne kawai suka yarda cewa ya kamata a ba waɗanda aka bautar da su diyya a kuɗi bayan ‘yantar da su. Ƙari akan haka, kashi 15% ne kawai suka yarda da biyan kuɗi ga zuriyar waɗanda aka bautar da su. Binciken ya nuna bambanci tsakanin farin fata da Baƙar fata. Kamar yadda ya bayyana: “Kashi 6% na farin fata ne kawai ke goyon bayan biyan kuɗi ga zuriyar bayi, yayin da 59% na Baƙar fata ke goyon baya. Haka nan, 19% na farin fata – da 63% na Baƙar fata – ke goyon bayan shirye-shiryen musamman na ilimi da koyon aiki ga zuriyar bayi.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.yougov.com/topics/politics/articles-reports/2014/06/02/reparations|title=Overwhelming opposition to reparations for slavery and Jim Crow|first=Peter|last=Moore|date=2 June 2014}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A 2014, ɗan jaridar Amurka Ta-Nehisi Coates ya wallafa wani labari mai taken "The Case for Reparations", wanda ya bayyana ci gaba da illolin bautar daular da dokokin Jim Crow tare da sabunta buƙatar biyan diyya. Coates ya ambaci kudurin H.R.40 na John Conyers Jr., yana nuna cewa gazawar Majalisa wajen amincewa da shi na nuna rashin niyyarsu ta gyara kura-kurensu na baya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/|title=The Case for Reparations|last=Coates|first=Ta-Nehisi|date=June 2014|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> A martani, ɗan jaridar ra’ayin mazan jiya Kevin D. Williamson ya rubuta labarin "The Case Against Reparations", inda ya ce: “Mutanen da ake bin diyya sun riga sun mutu.”<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2014/05/case-against-reparations-kevin-d-williamson/|title=The Case Against Reparations|last=Williamson|first=Kevin D.|date=May 24, 2014|work=National Review}}</ref> A watan Satumba 2016, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Kwararru kan Mutanen Asalin Afirka ya ƙarfafa Majalisar Dokoki ta Amurka da ta amince da H.R.40 domin nazari kan shawarwarin diyya. Duk da haka, kwamitin bai bayar da goyon baya kai tsaye ga kowanne tsarin diyya ba. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa har yanzu akwai ragowar wariyar launin fata a Amurka, yana cewa “Duk da sauye-sauyen da aka samu tun bayan ƙarshen dokokin Jim Crow da gwagwarmayar kare hakkin ‘yan adam, ra’ayoyin nuna fifikon rukuni ɗaya na ci gaba da cutar da hakkin zamantakewa, siyasa, tattalin arziki, al’adu da na ɗan Adam na Baƙar fata a yau.” Rahoton ya jaddada cewa “akidar wariyar launin fata ta hana haɗin kai a cikin jama’ar Amurka.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ushrnetwork.org/sites/ushrnetwork.org/files/unwgepad_us_visit_final_report_9_15_16.pdf|title=Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its mission to the United States of America|date=August 18, 2016|access-date=July 21, 2025|archive-date=January 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117075452/http://www.ushrnetwork.org/sites/ushrnetwork.org/files/unwgepad_us_visit_final_report_9_15_16.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Batun biyan diyya ya sake samun kulawa a shekarar 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200624170052-dt00z/ |title=Calls for reparations gain steam as U.S. reckons with racial injustice |first1=Nellie |last1=Peyton |first2=Christine |last2=Murray |date=June 24, 2020}}</ref> yayinda gungun Black Lives Matter suka sanya diyya cikin muhimman manufofinsu a Amurka. A 2020, mawaki T.I. ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga biyan diyya inda ya nemi a bai wa kowanne ɗan Afirka-Amurka dala miliyan 1, yana mai cewa bautar daular ce ta haifar da yawaitar ɗaurin kurkuku, talauci, da sauran matsaloli.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pulptastic.com/rapper-t-i-demands-44-trillion-in-slavery-reparations/|title=Rapper T.I. Demands $44 Trillion in Slavery Reparations|date=July 24, 2020|website=Pulptastic}}</ref> === Caribbean === Daga mahangar dokar kasa da kasa, akwai tambaya ko bautar da mutane, kisan kare dangi, da sauran laifukan cin zarafin bil’adama sun kasance haramun a lokacin da aka aikata su a yankin Caribbean; misali, "Ko da yake alamun aikata kisan kare dangi sun bayyana tun zamanin da, haramta shi a dokar kasa da kasa ya zama al’amari ne na farkon karni na 20". Bugu da kari, bisa ga dokokin da aka kafa a matakin kasa da kasa, gwamnati mai maye gurbin wata tsohuwar gwamnati tana da alhakin samar da adalci ta hanyar diyya. A karkashin ka’idar kasa da kasa ta dokar zamani (intertemporal law), ba za a iya amfani da haramtattun dokoki na yanzu akan abubuwan da suka faru a baya ba. Akwai hujja ta shari’a da ke nuni da cewa, akwai keɓancewa daga wannan ka’ida musamman idan ana maganar laifukan cin zarafin bil’adama, domin kasashen Turai da wakilansu ba za su iya tsammanin cewa bautar da mutane za ta kasance doka a nan gaba ba (wanda ake kira da teleological reduction of the principle). Duk da haka, wannan fanni na doka yana da wahala sosai.<ref name=buser2017>{{Cite journal| last=Buser |first=Andreas |date=2017|title=Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide|journal=Heidelberg Journal of International Law|pages=91–115| url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 |ssrn=3050647}}</ref> ====Kwamitin Diyya na CARICOM ==== Caribbean Community (CARICOM), wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1973, kungiya ce ta kasashen gwamnati da ke hade siyasa da tattalin arziki na kasashe 15 a fadin yankin Caribbean.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ramjeet|first=Oscar|date=2009-04-16|title=CARICOM countries will speak with one voice in meetings with US and Canadian leaders|work=Caribbean Net News|url=https://idsa.in/idsacomments/wither-caricom-prospects-post-brexit_sbmagaraj_110716|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713154312/http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/wither-caricom-prospects-post-brexit_sbmagaraj_110716|archive-date=July 13, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=2009-04-16}}</ref> Har zuwa shekarar 1995, CARICOM ta kunshi yankunan da ke magana da Turanci kawai har sai da aka hada Suriname (wanda ke amfani da Dutch) a shekarar 1995; Haiti da wasu kasashen da ba su da Anglophone sun biyo baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news304/nc310133.htm|title=Spanish agreed as CARICOM second language|website=www.landofsixpeoples.com|access-date=2020-08-04|archive-date=2021-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818060949/http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news304/nc310133.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://caricom.org/our-community/who-we-are/|title=Who we are|publisher=Caribbean Community (CARICOM)|access-date=2020-08-04|archive-date=2020-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814200923/https://caricom.org/our-community/who-we-are/|url-status=live}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, a cikin wani jerin jawabai da aka fara a Georgetown, Guyana, domin tunawa da cika shekaru 250 da tawayen bayi na Berbice na 1763, shugaban kwalejin Cave Hill Campus na University of the West Indies, Sir Hilary Beckles ya bukaci kasashen CARICOM su koyi daga matsayar da Yahudawa suka dauka bayan gallazawa da aka musu a Yakin Duniya na Biyu, inda suka kafa asusun diyya ga Yahudawa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/UWI-principal-wants-CARICOM-to-seek-reparation-for-slavery|title=UWI principal wants CARICOM to seek reparation for slavery |website= Jamaica Observer|date=February 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215061238/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/UWI-principal-wants-CARICOM-to-seek-reparation-for-slavery|archive-date=2013-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nycaribnews.com/|title=The New York Carib News|website=New York Carib News -}}</ref> Bisa wannan shawara, aka kafa Kwamitin Diyya na CARICOM<ref>{{cite web | title=Homepage | website=Caribbean Reparations Commission | date=10 August 2016 | url=http://caricomreparations.org/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731105907/http://caricomreparations.org/ | archive-date=31 July 2019 | url-status=dead | access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> a watan Satumba, 2013. A shekarar 2014, kasashe 15 na Caribbean suka bayyana "Shirin Matakai Goma na CARICOM don Adalci ta hanyar Diyya", inda suka nemi diyya daga Turai "...domin ciwon da bautar Atlantic ta haifar".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/09/caribbean-nations-demand-slavery-reparations|title=Caribbean nations prepare demand for slavery reparations|last=Pilkington|first=Ed|date=March 9, 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Cikin bukatun akwai neman afuwar hukumomi, dawo da 'yan Afirka zuwa kasarsu, shirye-shirye don koya da yada tarihin Afirka, da kafa cibiyoyi don inganta karatu, lafiya, da tunanin zuriyar bayi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/reparations-for-native-genocide-and-slavery|title=Reparations for Native Genocide And Slavery|date=October 13, 2015|website=CARICOM}}</ref> Wakilan kasashen Caribbean sun sha bayyana niyyarsu na kai batun gaban Kotun Duniya ta Shari’a (ICJ).<ref name=buser2017/> Duk da haka, {{as of|January 2023|lc=y}} ba a dauki matakin kai karar Gwamnatin Barbados zuwa shari’ar kasa da kasa ba.<ref name=armitage2023>{{cite web | last=Armitage | first=Rebecca | title=Benedict Cumberbatch's ancestors got rich from slavery in Barbados. Now he could be on the hook for reparations|website=ABC News | publisher= [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | date=4 January 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-01-04/benedict-cumberbatch-slavery-reparations/101822368 | access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> ====Antigua da Barbuda==== A shekarar 2011, Antigua da Barbuda sun nemi diyya a gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda suka ce "wariya da tashin hankali da aka yi wa mutanen da suka fito daga Afirka ya hana su ci gaba a matsayin kasashe, al’umma, da kuma mutane." <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39770&Cr=slave&Cr1=#.UThm9zDcTmM|title= Reparations should be made for African slave trade, Antigua and Barbuda tells UN|first=United Nations News Service|last=Section|date=24 September 2011}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, jakadan Antigua da Barbuda zuwa Amurka, Sir Ronald Sanders, ya bukaci Jami’ar Harvard "ta nuna nadama da biyan diyya ga bayi marasa suna daga Antigua da Barbuda". A cewar Sanders, Isaac Royall Jr., wanda shi ne farfesan doka na farko da aka kafa a Harvard, ya dogara ne da bayi a gonarsa da ke Antigua wajen gina makarantar koyon doka ta Harvard. Sanders ya bayar da shawarar cewa a biya wannan diyya ta hanyar bayar da guraben karatu na shekara-shekara ga ‘yan Antigua da Barbuda.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.co.cr/antigua-and-barbuda-asks-harvard-university-for-slavery-reparations/52349/|title=Antigua and Barbuda Asks Harvard University for Slavery Reparations|last=Anders|first=Wendy|date=October 24, 2016|work=The Costa Rica Star}}</ref> ====Barbados==== A shekarar 2012, Gwamnatin Barbados ta kafa kwamiti mai mambobi goma sha biyu don ci gaba da jan hankalin duniya da yankin Caribbean game da batun diyya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://atlantablackstar.com/2012/11/06/barbados-takes-lead-in-fight-for-reparations-for-slavery-in-the-caribbean/|title=Barbados Takes Lead in Fight For Reparations in the Caribbean|date=November 7, 2012|website=Atlanta Black Star|author=Stan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sharenews.com/caricom-and-reparations-for-slavery/|first=Patrick |last=Hunter|title=CARICOM and reparations for slavery|website=Share|date=20 February 2013|access-date=7 March 2013|archive-date=27 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227195153/http://sharenews.com/caricom-and-reparations-for-slavery/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Barbados ya kasance kan gaba wajen "neman diyya daga tsofaffin kasashen mulkin mallaka saboda zaluncin da bayi da zuriyarsu suka sha".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/britain-s-colonial-shame-slave-owners-given-huge-payouts-after-abolition-8508358.html|title=Britain's colonial shame: Slave-owners given huge payouts after|first=Sanchez |last=Manning|date=February 26, 2013|newspaper=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> An ce Barbados ne "kan gaba" (zuwa 2021) wajen bukatar a biya diyya don bautar da mutane.<ref name=naarc>{{cite web | title=Britain's colonial shame: Slave-owners given huge payouts after abolition | website=National African American Reparations Commission (NAARC) | date=7 October 2021 | url=https://reparationscomm.org/reparations-news/britains-colonial-shame-slave-owners-given-huge-payouts-after-abolition/ | access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref> Ya zuwa Janairu 2023, Kwamitin kasa na Barbados na neman diyya daga dan majalisar Burtaniya mai kudi, Richard Drax, saboda laifin danginsa na shiga cikin cinikin bayi. Har yanzu dangin Drax suna da mallakar wani katafaren fili a Barbados; ana cewa Richard Drax yana da dukiyar da ta kai "akalla fam miliyan £150".<ref name=lashmar>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/26/barbados-tory-mp-pay-reparations-family-slave-richard-drax-caribbean-sugar-plantation|title=Barbados plans to make Tory MP pay reparations for family's slave past| first1=Paul|last1=Lashmar|first2= Jonathan |last2=Smith | access-date=4 January 2023|website=The Guardian|date=26 November 2022}}</ref> Idan kwamitin ya kasa samun amincewa da a mayar da Drax Hall zuwa Barbados, gwamnati na shirin kai karar zuwa gaban kotun kasa da kasa.<ref name=armitage2023/> ====Guyana==== A shekarar 2007, shugaban kasar Guyana, Bharrat Jagdeo, ya bukaci kasashen Turai da su biya diyya saboda cinikin bayi.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2007/03/070327_jagdeoreparations.shtml|title= Guyana calls for reparations|publisher=BBCCaribbean.com|date=27 March 2007}}</ref> Shugaba Jagdeo ya bayyana cewa: "Ko da wasu daga cikin al’ummomin duniya sun amince da rawar da suka taka a wannan mummunan tsarin, yakamata su dauki wani mataki na gaba ta hanyar goyon bayan biyan diyya."<ref name=":2" /> A shekarar 2014, majalisar dokokin Guyana ta kafa "Kwamitin Diyya na Guyana" don bincike da bayyana tasirin bautar da mutane da kuma tsara bukatun diyya na hukumomi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://parliament.gov.gy/chamber-business/notice-papers/establishment-of-the-reparations-committee-of-guyana/|title=Establishment of the Reparations Committee of Guyana|website=Parliament of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana|access-date=2025-07-21|archive-date=2025-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612233823/https://www.parliament.gov.gy/chamber-business/notice-papers/establishment-of-the-reparations-committee-of-guyana|url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Haiti==== Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekarar 1804 ta hanyar yakin juyin juya hali na Haiti, an ga cewa akwai dalilin neman diyya ga Haiti. Bayan haka, Faransa ta bukaci sabuwar kasar Haiti da ta biya gwamnatin Faransa da masu bayi fam miliyan 90 na zinariya saboda “satar” rayuwar bayin da suka yi da kuma gonakin da suka mai da riba ta hanyar amfanin su da sukarin da kofi domin a amince da ‘yancin su a hukumance.<ref name="odiousdebts.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.odiousdebts.org/odiousdebts/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=9636 |via=Odious Debts |title= Impoverished Haiti pins hopes for future on a very old debt|first=José |last=De Côrdoba|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=January 2, 2004 |access-date=2011-03-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112093243/http://www.odiousdebts.org/odiousdebts/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=9636 |archive-date=2010-11-12 }}</ref> Wadannan biyan kudade aka dauka a matsayin diyya ga tsofaffin masu bayi, kuma bankunan Faransa da Citibank ne suka dauki nauyin wannan bashin, wanda aka gama biya a shekarar 1947.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0817/France-dismisses-petition-for-it-to-pay-17-billion-in-Haiti-reparations|title=France dismisses petition for it to pay $17 billion in Haiti reparations|date=2010-08-17|work=The Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2019-08-31|issn=0882-7729|first=Robert|last=Marquand}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, tsohon shugaban kasar Haiti, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, ya bukaci Faransa da ta biya Haiti diyya fiye da dalar Amurka biliyan 21, wanda shine darajar yau ta fam miliyan 90 na zinariya da aka tilasta musu su biya domin samun amincewar duniya.<ref name="Jackson Miller">{{cite news |first=Dionne |last=Jackson Miller |title=HAITI: Aristide's Call for Reparations From France Unlikely to Die |date=March 12, 2004 |access-date=20 April 2009 |publisher=Inter Press Service news |url=http://ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=22828 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202065348/http://www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=22828 |archive-date=2 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Revolution>{{cite web|title= Haiti, 1789 to 1806|first=Frank E. |last=Smitha|url=http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h34-np2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212182348/http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h34-np2.html|archive-date=2009-02-12|url-status=live|access-date=2009-04-20}}</ref> Aristide daga baya ya zargi Faransa da Amurka da kifar da gwamnatinsa a wani juyin mulki a shekarar 2004, yana cewa hakan ya biyo bayan bukatarsa ta diyya. ====Jamaica==== A shekarar 2004, wata kungiya ta ‘yan kishin kasa daga Jamaica ciki har da mambobin Rastafari, sun bukaci kasashen Turai da suka shiga cinikin bayi da su dauki nauyin mayar da ‘yan Rastafari 500,000 zuwa kasar Ethiopia (sun kiyasta wannan diyya da fam biliyan 72.5, ko kuma kimanin dalar Amurka 150,000 ga kowane mutum). Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta yi watsi da wannan bukata.<ref name="JamaicanCommission" /> A shekarar 2012, Gwamnatin Jamaica ta farfado da kwamitinta na diyya don tantance ko kasar ya kamata ta nemi afuwa ko diyya daga Birtaniya saboda rawar da ta taka a cinikin bayi.<ref name=JamaicanCommission>{{cite news |title=Jamaicans Form Commission to Investigate Slavery Reparations from Britain |date=1 November 2012 |agency=Associated Press |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/jamaica-revives-slavery-reparations-commission |access-date=23 December 2012 |archive-date=26 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026141900/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/jamaica-revives-slavery-reparations-commission |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masu adawa sun nuna cewa rawar da Birtaniya ta taka wajen kawo karshen cinikin bayi ya isa dalili da zai sa kada a biya diyya. A shekarar 2021, gwamnatin Jamaica ta sake duba batun neman diyya saboda bautar da mutane. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa gwamnatin Jamaica na neman fam biliyan 7 daga Birtaniya saboda barnar da bautar da mutane ta haifar, ciki har da fam miliyan 20 da gwamnatin Birtaniya ta biya tsofaffin masu bayi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McLeod|first=Sheri-Kae|date=2021-07-15|title=Jamaica Demands Billions in Slavery Reparations from UK|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/caribbean-breaking-news-featured/jamaica-demands-billions-in-slavery-reparations-from-uk/|access-date=2021-07-15|website=Caribbean News|language=en}}</ref> ===Duniya Musulmi=== An ba da shawarar biyan diyya saboda bautar tarihi a cikin duniyar Musulmi.<ref>{{cite book | title=Bauta da Musulunci | last=Brown | first=J.A.C. | isbn=9781786076366| year=2020 | publisher=Oneworld Publications}}</ref> ==Ta yankin asalin bayi== === Afirka === A shekarar 1999, Hukumar Gaskiya ta Duniya kan Diyya da Komawar Bayi ta Afirka ta bukaci kasashen yamma su biya dala tiriliyan 777 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=777000000000000|start_year=1999}}}} a cikin {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) ga Afirka a cikin shekaru biyar.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=BBC |title=Afirka na bukatar diyya tiriliyan a kan cinikin bayi |date=20 Agusta, 1999 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/424984.stm}}</ref> A watan Satumba 2001, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta dauki nauyin Taron Duniya kan wariyar launin fata, ƙyamar baƙi da rashin ɗa’a da aka gudanar a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu. Taron Bita na Durban ya bayar da kuduri cewa kasashen yamma suna bin diyya ga Afirka saboda "wariyar launin fata, ƙyamar baƙi da rashin ɗa’a" da cinikin bayi na Atlantic ya haddasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Howard-Hassmann|first=Rhoda E.|date=2004-01-01|title=Diyya ga Afirka da Rukunin Fitattun Mutane|jstor=4393370|journal=Cahiers d'Études Africaines|volume=44|issue=173/174|pages=81–97|doi=10.4000/etudesafricaines.4543|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.un.org/WCAR/pressreleases/rd-d24.html |title=Amincewa da Abin Da Ya Gabata, Bukatar Diyya daga Shugabanni a Taron Wariyar Launin Fata |publisher=World Conference against Racism |date=2 Satumba, 2001 |access-date=15 Nuwamba, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/WCAR/pressreleases/rd-d35.htm|title=Bukatar Dakile Wariyar da Take Shafuka da Dama a Taron |publisher=Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|access-date=15 Nuwamba, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807020652/http://www.un.org/WCAR/pressreleases/rd-d35.htm|archive-date=7 Agusta, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shugabanni daga wasu kasashen Afirka sun goyi bayan wannan kuduri. Tsohon Ministan Shari’a na Sudan, Ali Mohamed Osman Yassin, ya bayyana cewa cinikin bayi ne ke da alhakin matsalolin Afirka a yau. Shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu Cyril Ramaphosa ya goyi bayan bayar da diyya saboda bayi da cinikin bayi, a bikin cika shekaru 20 da bayyana kudurin Durban.<ref>{{cite web |website=News24 |title=Ramaphosa ya bukaci MDD ta tattauna kan diyya saboda bayi |url=https://www.news24.com/ramaphosa-asks-un-to-discuss-reparations-for-slavery-20210922 |date=22 Satumba, 2021}}</ref> ====Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka da Kudurin Caricom na Diyya Duniya==== An kafa Kundin Diyya na Duniya ta Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka da Caricom a wata taro da aka yi a Ghana a watan Nuwamba 2023.<ref name=GuardNov23>{{cite news|last=Gentleman|first=Amelia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/17/african-and-caribbean-nations-agree-move-to-seek-reparations-for-slavery|title=Kasashen Afirka da Caribbean sun yarda da neman diyya kan bayi|date=17 Nuwamba, 2023|access-date=17 Nuwamba, 2023|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Shugaban Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo, ya bayyana a taron cewa “Dukkan lokacin bayi ya hana ci gabanmu ta fuskar tattalin arziki, al’adu da bangaren tunani. Akwai labaran dangi da dama da suka rabu ... Ba za ka iya aunawa ba, amma dole ne a gane tasirin wannan annoba”.<ref name=GuardNov23/> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ==Ƙara karatu== * {{cite news|title=The centuries-long fight for reparations|first=Ana Lucia|last=Araujo|author-link=Ana Lucia Araujo|date=April 28, 2019 |newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/04/28/centuries-long-fight-reparations/}} <!--* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. "Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History"?'','' New York: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 276.--> * Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. ''Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History'', New York / London: Bloomsbury Academic. {{ISBN|135001060X}} * Barragan, Yesenia. 2021. ''Freedom's Captives: Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific (Afro-Latin America)'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{doi|10.1017/9781108935890}} * [[Hilary Beckles|Beckles, Hilary]]. ''Britain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide'', Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-9766402686}} * Buser, Andreas. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 "Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide"], ''Heidelberg Journal of International Law'' (2017), pp.&nbsp;409–446. * [[Ta-Nehisi Coates|Coates, Ta-Nehisi]]. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/ "The Case for Reparations"], ''The Atlantic'', June 2014. * du Plessis, Max. 2003. "Historical Injustice and International Law: An Exploratory Discussion of Reparation for Slavery" Human Rights Quarterly, 25(3), 624–659. * Manjapra, Kris. June 17, 2022. "D.C.'s Enslavers Got Reparations. Freed People Got Nothing", ''Politico''. * Manjapra, Kris. 2019. "The Scandal of the British Slavery Abolition Act Loan", ''Social and Economic Studies'', 68(3/4), 165–184. {{JSTOR|45299245}} * {{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |title=Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law |date=16 December 2005 |id=A/RES/60/147 |url=http://undocs.org/A/RES/60/147 |access-date=10 July 2017 }} ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx HTML version]) with a definition and the components of full and effective reparation, as laid out in principles 19 to 23. * America, Richard F. ''Wealth of Races: The Present Value of Benefits from Past Injustices''. Praeger Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0313257531}} * Burlette, Carterm W.. [http://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications/1030/ "True Reparations"], ''The George Washington Law Review'', Vol. 68, No. 1021, 2000. * America, Richard F. "Racial Inequality, Economic Dysfunction, and Reparations'', ''Challenge,'' Vol. 38, No. 6, 1995, pp.&nbsp;40–45. {{JSTOR|40721651}} ==Hanyoyin waje== * ''[https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf Kayan Aiki na Diyya Yanzu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015100013/https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf |date=15 Oktoba 2019 }}'', Movement for Black Lives, 2019. * ''[http://www.c-span.org/person/?richardamerica Huɗa game da Diyya ga Baƙar fata]'', Richard F. America, bidiyon C-SPAN na TransAfrica Forum, 11 Janairu 2000. * ''[https://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010827.reparations.html Gyaran Lamura: Muhawara kan Diyya ga Bautar Amurka tana ci gaba]'', National Public Radio, 27 Agusta 2001. * [http://www.zinnedproject.org/news/reparations-and-climate-justice/ Diyya da Adalcin Yanayi] (tare da Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò), wani ɓangare na jerin Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online. * [https://caricomreparations.org/ Hukumar Diyya ta Caribbean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110920/https://caricomreparations.org/ |date=2025-06-10 }} ln2hj36zkly41nf2eui3gipct8fjs51 887864 887863 2026-07-26T19:28:13Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 887864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sakamako na bauta''' ya shafi tsarin biyan kuɗi [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] game da take haƙƙin ɗan adam [[Bauta|na bautar da ake yi]] a Amurka da abin da ya gada ga waɗanda aka yi wa [[bauta]] da/ko zuriyarsu. Akwai ra'ayoyi don ramuwa a falsafar shari'a da ramuwa a cikin adalcin tsaka-tsaki. Ana iya ɗaukar fansa da yawa, ciki har da taimako na zahiri da na kuɗi ga zuriyar waɗanda aka bautar, godiya ko ba da uzuri ga mutane ko al'ummomin da bautar ta shafa, ko girmama abubuwan tunawa da mutanen da aka bautar da su ta hanyar sanya wa abubuwa suna. “Waɗanda aka yi wa bauta” na iya nufin bautar da ta gabata ko kuma bautar da ke gudana a ƙarni na 21. Kamar yadda Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ayyana, "rayya" na nufin matakan da gwamnati ke ɗauka na gyara take hakkin ɗan Adam ta hanyar samar da fa'idodi da dama na abubuwan amfani ga waɗanda abin ya shafa ko iyalansu da kuma al'ummomin da abin ya shafa da al'umma baki ɗaya. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya [https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations ta sanya sunayen] waɗannan abubuwan da ake buƙata don wani abu don cancanta a matsayin ramawa: ramawa, diyya, gyarawa da gamsuwa. Wasu ramuwar gayya na bauta sun samo asali ne tun a ƙarni na 18 a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]], amma tushen irin waɗannan ayyuka ya taru a ƙarni na 21, inda gwamnatoci da daidaikun mutane a Burtaniya, Amurka, da turawan mulkin mallaka suka ɗauki matakai daban-daban. ==Kudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya== Kudurin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya na Gaba daya lamba 60/147 yana nuni da matakan gyara take hakkin dan Adam ciki har da dawo da abinda aka rasa da kuma diyya.<ref name="e910">{{cite web | title=Reparations | website=OHCHR | date=15 December 2020 | url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/transitional-justice/reparations | access-date=31 May 2025}}</ref> == Nau'uka == Rarraba na iya ɗaukar nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, ciki har da matakai masu amfani kamar aikin tabbatarwa; biyan kuɗi na mutum ɗaya; ƙauyuka; tallafin karatu da sauran tsare-tsaren ilimi; tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare don magance rashin adalci; ko kuma diyya ta ƙasa mai alaƙa da 'yancin kai. Sauran nau’o’in ramako sun haɗa da uzuri da amincewa da zalunci; <ref name="UMass Reparations Article">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Allen |date=May 11, 2020 |title=An Historical Timeline of Reparations Payments Made From 1783 through 2020 by the United States Government, States, Cities, Religious Institutions, Colleges and Universities, and Corporations |url=https://guides.library.umass.edu/reparations |access-date=July 12, 2020 |publisher=University of Massachusetts Amherst}}</ref> kawar da abubuwan tarihi da kuma canza sunan titunan da ke girmama bayi da masu kare bayi; ko sanya wa gini sunan wanda aka bautar ko kuma wani mai alaƙa da rushewa. <ref name="Black Asheville Demands">{{Cite web |date=June 26, 2020 |title=Reparations Section |url=https://www.blackavldemands.org/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615185752/https://www.blackavldemands.org/ |archive-date=15 June 2020 |access-date=July 12, 2020 |website=Black Asheville Demands (BAD)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kepley-Steward |first=Kristy |last2=Santostasi |first2=Stephanie |date=July 10, 2020 |title=Confederate monuments in downtown Asheville removed or covered |url=https://wlos.com/news/local/vance-monument-robert-e-lee-confederate-monuments-downtown-asheville-removed-covered |access-date=July 12, 2020 |website=wlos.com}}</ref> Shugabannin ƙungiyoyin ramuwa na Amurka [https://liberationventures.b-cdn.net/A%20Dream%20in%20Our%20Name.pdf sun ɓullo da] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118070351/https://liberationventures.b-cdn.net/A%20Dream%20in%20Our%20Name.pdf |date=2025-01-18 }} tsarin gyaran launin fata masu zuwa don rarraba sassan ramuwa don bauta: 1. Hisabi: Fahimtar ko kokawa da menene, wanene, ta yaya, da dalilin ayyukan da suka haifar da cutarwa. 2. Amincewa: Shigar da jama'a cewa an yi ɓarna 3. Ladabi: Mallaka da sadaukar da kai don ɗaukar mataki, dakatarwa da gyara lahani. 4. Gyara: Ayyukan ramawa, diyya na kuɗi, da gyarawa, matakan da aka ɗauka don shigar da adalcin launin fata a cikin tsarin da "warkar da rauni" Gabaɗaya ba a kirga taimakon raya ƙasa azaman ramawar ba. <ref name="u881">{{Cite journal |last=Andrews |first=Kehinde |year=2024 |title=The Knife is Still in Our Backs: Reparations Washing and the Limits of Reparatory Justice Campaigns |journal=Development and Change |publisher=Wiley |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=628–650 |doi=10.1111/dech.12848 |issn=0012-155X |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Ta yankin da aka yi ta== ===Netherlands=== A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, firaministan Netherlands, Mark Rutte, ya nemi afuwa a madadin Gwamnatin Dutch saboda rawar da ta taka a bautar a wani taron da aka yi a National Archives a The Hague, inda akwai wakilan kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gwamnatin ta kuma yi alkawarin bayar da Yuro miliyan 200 don "wayar da kan jama'a, haɓaka haɗin kai da magance tasirin bautar a yau," kuma tana shirin yin bikin tunawa da tarihin bautar a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2023, tare da ƙasashen Dutch Caribbean, Suriname, da sauran ƙasashe.<ref>{{cite web | title=Government apologises for the Netherlands' role in the history of slavery | website=Government of the Netherlands | date=19 December 2022 | url=https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2022/12/19/government-apologises-for-the-netherlands-role-in-the-history-of-slavery | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Mission Statement | website=Heirs of Slavery | url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement | access-date=12 May 2023 | archive-date=12 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512012006/https://www.heirsofslavery.org/mission-statement | url-status=dead }}</ref> ====Ramuwar Gayya Ga Maigidan Bayi (1837)==== Dokar Slave Compensation Act 1837 ta kasance doka daga Majalisar Dokoki ta Birtaniya, wadda aka sanya hannu a kanta a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1837, domin kawo ‘yanci tare da biyan diyya. <ref>{{cite web | title=1837: 1 Victoria c.3: Slavery Compensation Act | via=The Statutes Project | date=1837| publisher= British Government | url=https://statutes.org.uk/site/the-statutes/nineteenth-century/1837-1-victoria-c-3-slavery-compensation-act/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> Maigidan bayi sun karbi kimanin £20 miliyan a matsayin diyya a cikin fiye da kyaututtuka 40,000 don bayi da aka 'yanta a yankunan mulkin mallakar Caribbean, Mauritius da Cape of Good Hope. <ref>{{cite book|title =BBC History magazine| publisher=Bristol Magazines Ltd| issn=1469-8552|date=June 2010}}</ref> Wannan adadi ya kai kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasafin kudin shekara na Baitul Mal na Birtaniya, kuma an kiyasta cewa yana daidai da kimanin £16.5bn a cikin kuɗin yau. <ref name=naarc/> Wasu daga cikin kudaden an maida su 3.5% na kuɗaɗen fansho na gwamnati, wanda ya sa aikin ya dauki lokaci mai tsawo. <ref>{{cite web | last=Brown | first=Matthew | title=Fact check: United Kingdom finished paying off debts to slave-owning families in 2015 | website=USA TODAY | date=30 June 2020 | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/06/30/fact-check-u-k-paid-off-debts-slave-owning-families-2015/3283908001/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> Dokar, wadda aka sani da 1 and 2 Vict. 3, ta kasance babbar dokar duniya da ta tabbatar da ‘yancin bayi ta hanyar biyan diyya. Ta baiwa Kwamishinonin Rage Bashin Ƙasa damar tara £20 miliyan ta hanyar fitar da hannun jari na gwamnati, hanyar ɗaukar bashi da aka ɗora akan kudaden haraji na gaba domin biya maigidan bayi diyya kan "asarar dukiyarsu."{{cn|date=July 2025}} ===Birtaniya=== A shekarun 2010, misalan diyya na ƙasashen duniya don bautar sun ƙunshi amincewa da rashin adalci na bauta da kuma neman afuwa game da hannu amma ba a ba da diyya ta kayan abu ba.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/4543?lang=en |title=Reparations to Africa and the Group of Eminent Persons |date=2004 |first=Rhoda E. |last=Howard-Hassmann | author-link = Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann |journal=Cahiers d'Études africaines |volume=44 |issue=173–174 |pages=81–97 |doi=10.4000/etudesafricaines.4543 |s2cid=145746084 |access-date=July 20, 2020 |quote=...a French law of 2001 that recognizes the trans-Atlantic slave trade as a crime against humanity, and the admission by the Belgians in 2002 of their role in the murder of Patrice Lumumba, first President of independent Congo.|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Blair apology">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6185176.stm |title=Blair 'sorrow' over slave trade {{!}} Prime Minister Tony Blair has said he feels 'deep sorrow' for Britain's role in the slave trade|publisher=BBC News|date=27 November 2006|access-date=15 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Yuni na 2023, ƙungiyar Brattle Group ta gabatar da rahoto a wani taron a Jami'ar West Indies inda aka kiyasta diyyar da za'a bi, don lahani a lokacin da kuma bayan zamanin bautar transatlantic fiye da dala tiriliyan 100.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahon |first=Leah |date=August 2023 |title=£18 trillion – what Britain owes in reparations. Time to pay up |pages=6–7|url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/news/features-news/2023/07/28/18-trillion-what-britain-owes-in-reparations-time-to-pay-up/ |newspaper=The Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Kim |date=2023-07-10 |title=Brattle Consultants Quantify Reparations for Transatlantic Chattel Slavery in Pro Bono Paper |url=https://www.brattle.com/insights-events/publications/brattle-consultants-quantify-reparations-for-transatlantic-chattel-slavery-in-pro-bono-paper/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Brattle |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2023, an gudanar da taron diyya na UK kuma aka ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa cewa dole ne a "bi da cimma" cikakken adalci na diyya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.appg-ar.org/uk-reparations-conference-2023-statement|title=UK Reparations Conference 2023 Statement|publisher=All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for Afrikan Reparations|access-date=2024-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Holloway |first=Lester |date=November 2023 |title=Reparations on the agenda |pages=8 |work=The Voice}}</ref> ====Diyyar masu bauta (1837)==== Dokar Diyyar Bauta ta 1837 wata doka ce ta Majalisa a Burtaniya, wacce aka sanya hannu a kanta a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1837, don kawo 'yantar da bayi tare diyya.<ref>{{cite web | title=1837: 1 Victoria c.3: Slavery Compensation Act | via=The Statutes Project | date=1837| publisher= British Government | url=https://statutes.org.uk/site/the-statutes/nineteenth-century/1837-1-victoria-c-3-slavery-compensation-act/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> An bi masu bayi kusan fam miliyan 20 a matsayin diyya a cikin kyaututtuka sama da 40,000 don bayi da aka 'yantar a yankunan Caribbean, Mauritius da Cape of Good Hope.<ref>{{cite book|title =BBC History magazine| publisher=Bristol Magazines Ltd| issn=1469-8552|date=June 2010}}</ref> Wannan yana wakiltar kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasafin kuɗin shekara na Baitul Mal na Burtaniya kuma an ƙididdige shi daidai da fam biliyan 16.5 a yau.<ref name=naarc/> An canza wasu daga cikin biyan kuɗin zuwa cikin kuɗin gwamnati na kashi 3.5, wanda ya haifar da tsawaita lokaci.<ref>{{cite web | last=Brown | first=Matthew | title=Fact check: United Kingdom finished paying off debts to slave-owning families in 2015 | website=USA TODAY | date=30 June 2020 | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/06/30/fact-check-u-k-paid-off-debts-slave-owning-families-2015/3283908001/ | access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> ====Sanarwar Abuja da ARM (1993)==== {{anchor|Africa Reparations Movement}} Ƙungiyar Africa Reparations Movement, wacce aka fi sani da ARM (UK), an kafa ta a shekara ta 1993 bayan sanarwar [[Abuja]] da aka bayyana a taron farko na Pan-African Conference on Reparations a Abuja, Najeriya, a wannan shekarar. Taron ne kungiyar Organisation of African Unity (OAU) da gwamnatin Najeriya suka kira.<ref name=cr>{{cite web | title=African Union - Colonialism | website=Colonialism Reparation | url=https://www.colonialismreparation.org/en/compensations/african-union-colonialism.html | access-date=12 May 2023 | archive-date=12 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512081636/https://www.colonialismreparation.org/en/compensations/african-union-colonialism.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> A farkon shekara ta 1993, dan majalisar Burtaniya Bernie Grant ya zagaya kasar yana magana game da bukatar a biya diyya ga bautar.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://berniegrantarchive.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Reparations-or-Bust-Speech.pdf| first= Bernie| last=Grant| title= Reparations or Bust!| publisher= Africa Reparations Movement (UK) | series= Information Sheet No. 3| quote=...edited version of a speech he gave in Birmingham on 12th April...| pages=1–10}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Mayu 1993, ya gabatar da kuduri a majalisar House of Commons na Burtaniya cewa majalisa ta amince da sanarwar kuma ta amince da cewa sanarwar "ta yi kira ga al'ummar duniya da su amince da cewa har yanzu ba a biya bashin da ba a taba yi wa al'ummar Afirka ba, kuma ta bukaci duk kasashen da suka wadatar da bautar da mulkin mallaka da su duba batun biyan diyya ga Afirka da Afirka a cikin Diaspora; ta kuma amince da ci gaba da illolin tattalin arziki da na sirri na cin zarafin Afirka da Afirka a cikin Diaspora da kuma wariyar launin fata da ta haifar; kuma ta goyi bayan OAU yayin da take kara himma wajen bin sawun biyan diyya." Kudurin ya samu goyon bayan Bernie Grant, Tony Benn, Tony Banks, John Austin-Walker, Harry Barnes, da Gerry Bermingham. Wasu 'yan majalisar Labour Party 46 suka sanya hannu don goyon bayan kudurin, ciki har da shugaban adawa na gaba, Jeremy Corbyn.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 May 1993|title=Abuja Proclamation – Early Day Motions|url=https://edm.parliament.uk/early-day-motion/5521/abuja-proclamation|access-date=2020-07-09|website=edm.parliament.uk|publisher=UK Parliament}}</ref> Sanarwar Abuja ta yi kira da a kafa kwamitocin biyan diyya a ko'ina cikin Afirka da kuma Diaspora. Bernie Grant ya kafa ARM UK a watan Disamba 1993<ref name=hub>{{cite web | title=Africa Reparations Movement (UK) | website=Archives Hub | url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/e592d7bc-9dd7-3c28-8a10-49f56aadecab | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref> a matsayin wanda ya kafa tare da shugabanta, tare da babban rukuni da suka hada da: sakatare Sam Walker; mai kula da kudi Linda Bellos da amintattu Patrick Wilmott, Stephen A. Small (malamin Burtaniya wanda ya kware a fannin bautar<ref>{{cite web | title=Stephen A. Small | website=African American Studies | url=https://africam.berkeley.edu/people/stephen-a-small/ | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Professor Stephen Small | website=National Museums Liverpool | date=25 August 2020 | url=https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/slavery-remembrance-day/professor-stephen-small | access-date=12 May 2023}}</ref>), da Hugh Oxley.<ref name=hub/> Manufar ARM ita ce:<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/6a140a54-662a-44cf-b533-4e8146898d7b |title=African Reparations Movement records 1963 – 2000| quote= This record is held by the Bishopsgate Institute.|publisher=The National Archives|language=en}}</ref> * yin amfani da duk hanyoyin halatta don samun diyya ga bautar da mulkin mallaka na mutanen Afirka a Afirka da kuma a cikin Diaspora * yin amfani da duk hanyoyin halatta don dawo da kayayyakin tarihin Afirka daga ko'ina a halin yanzu * neman afuwa daga gwamnatocin yammacin duniya game da bautar da mulkin mallaka na mutanen Afirka * yin kamfe don amincewa da gudunmawar da mutanen Afirka suka bayar ga tarihin duniya da wayewa * yin kamfe don bayyana tarihin Afirka daidai don maido da mutunci da girman kai ga mutanen Afirka * ilimantarwa da wayar da kan matasan Afirka, a nahiyar da kuma a cikin Diaspora, game da manyan al'adun Afirka, harsuna da wayewa Bayan mutuwar Bernie Grant a shekara ta 2000, ARM UK ta daina aiki.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stanford-Xosei|first=Esther|title=Black British History : New Perspectives|publisher=Zed|editor-link= Hakim Adi|isbn=978-1786994257|editor-last=Adi|editor-first=Hakim| location=London |pages=176–198| chapter=The Long Road of Pan-African Liberation to Reparatory Justice|date=March 2019}}</ref> ====Class action (2004)==== A shekarar 2004, lauya mai rikitarwa na diyya Ed Fagan ya kaddamar da karar hadin gwiwa kan kasuwar inshora Lloyd's of London dangane da rawar da suka taka wurin inshorar jiragen bayi da suka shiga cikin cinikin bayi na ƙetaren teku.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2004|title=’Ya’yan bayi sun shigar da karar dala biliyan 1 kan kamfanonin da ake zargi da alaƙa da cinikin bayi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CL4DAAAAMBAJ&q=lloyds+of+london+genocide&pg=PA36|journal=Jet|volume=150|issue=17|pages=36–37}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2004/mar/28/insurance.usnews|title=’Ya’yan bayi sun shigar da kara da Lloyd's|last=Walsh|first=Conal|date=27 March 2004|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-03-14|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/uk/3578863.stm ’Ya’yan bayi za su shigar da kara da Lloyd's]". BBC News, 29 March 2004. An dawo da shi 15 October 2009.</ref> An kasa samun nasarar wannan kara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6422721.stm|title= Lissafin kudin da cinikin bayi ya haifar|last=Stamp|first=Gavin|date=20 March 2007|website=BBC News news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-14}}</ref> ====Neman gafara==== A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2006, Firayim Ministan Birtaniya [[Tony Blair]] ya fitar da bayani yana nuna "baƙin ciki mai zurfi" dangane da rawar Birtaniya a cikin cinikin bayi, yana cewa abin "kunya ne matuka". Masu fafutukar neman diyya a Birtaniya sun soki wannan jawabi, inda Esther Stanford ta ce Blair ya kamata ya bayar da "gafara mai ma'ana", wadda za a bi da "matakan diyya daban-daban da suka haɗa da biyan diyya".<ref name="Blair apology" /> Blair ya sake fitar da wata gafara a 2007 bayan ganawa da Shugaban Ghana [[John Kufuor]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6451793.stm "Blair ‘sorry’ kan rawar Birtaniya a cinikin bayi"]. BBC News, 14 March 2007. An samu dama 15 March 2007.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Agusta 2007, tsohon Magajin Garin London Ken Livingstone ya bayar da gafara a bainar jama’a dangane da rawar London a cinikin bayi na ƙetaren teku a yayin bikin cika shekaru 200 da kafa dokar hana cinikin bayi ta 1807. A cikin jawabin, Livingstone ya bukaci Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta kafa dokar da za ta samar da ranar tunawa da bayi a duk faɗin ƙasar UK.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/aug/24/london.humanrights|title=Livingstone ya yi kuka yayin da yake neman gafara kan bayi|date=24 August 2007|newspaper=The Guardian|last1=Muir|first1=Hugh|access-date=30 July 2014}}</ref> Blair ya sake bayar da gafara a 2007 bayan ganawa da Shugaban Ghana John Kufuor a yayin bikin cika shekaru 50 na samun ‘yancin Ghana. Duk da cewa ya kara bayyana baƙin ciki da kira cinikin bayi na ƙetaren teku “tabo ne a tarihi”, masu sukar ra’ayi sun yi amannar cewa ya kasa bayyana rawar Birtaniya da nauyin da ya rataya a kanta. Masu fafutuka na diyya sun ce irin wannan jawabi, duk da yana da ma’ana ta alama, bai kai ga tabbatar da adalci mai ma'ana ko haifar da sauyin dokar da za a jingina da shi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-08-09 |title=’Yan Afrika suna bikin kawar da cinikin bayi |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/africans-mark-abolition-of-slave-trade-idUSZWE635279/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |work=Reuters |language=en-GB}}</ref> ====Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa==== A watan Fabrairu 2023, tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar jarida ta BBC Laura Trevelyan, wadda danginta ke da gonakin runbun a Grenada, ta je Grenada don bayar da uzuri bisa cutar da suka jawo tare da bayar da diyya. Danginta sun nemi gafara daga ƙasar Grenada bisa illar bautar da suka yi, kuma ƙungiyar ta buƙaci Firayim Ministan Birtaniya da Sarki Charles su bayar da uzuri na hukuma a madadin Birtaniya. <ref name=baker2023>{{cite web | last=Baker | first=Nick | title=Wadannan 'magadan bautar daƙiƙa' na Birtaniya suna ƙoƙarin biyan diyya bisa laifukan da suka gabata | website=ABC News (Australia)| date=11 Mayu 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-05-11/british-heirs-of-slavery-reparations-caribbean/102308216 | access-date=11 Mayu 2023}}</ref> A watan Afrilu 2023, ta kafa ƙungiyar Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa tare da wasu, wadda ke ƙunshe da zuriyar waɗanda suka amfana daga bautar daƙiƙa ta Birtaniya, suna kuma son gyara tarihi. Dangin Trevelyan sun bada gudunmawa ta kuɗi don shirye-shiryen ilimi a Grenada ta hannun CARICOM, kuma suna fatan cewa ƙungiyar Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa za ta kawo irin waɗannan ayyuka a babban mataki. sauran mambobin ƙungiyar sun haɗa da David Lascelles, na 8 Earl na Harewood; Charles Gladstone, zuriyar Firayim Minista William Gladstone; jarumi Alex Renton; <ref name=baker2023/> Richard Atkinson; John Dower (na dangin Trevelyan); Rosemary Harrison; da Robin Wedderburn. <ref>{{cite web | title=Game Da Mu | website=Magadan Bautar Daƙiƙa | date=26 Afrilu 2023 | url=https://www.heirsofslavery.org/members | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503095309/https://www.heirsofslavery.org/members | archive-date=3 Mayu 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=12 Mayu 2023}}</ref> === Amurka === Bautar daular ta ƙare a Amurka a shekarar 1865 tare da ƙarshen Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka da kuma tabbatar da Gyara ta Goma Sha Uku ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, wadda ta bayyana cewa “Ba bautar daular ko aiki da tilas ba za su kasance ba a cikin Amurka, ko a wani wuri da ke ƙarƙashin ikon ta, sai dai a matsayin hukunci ga laifi da aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar kotu.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_States_of_America_1992|title=United States of America 1789 (rev. 1992)| website=Constitute Project}}</ref> A wancan lokacin, an kiyasta cewa kimanin miliyan huɗu na Baƙar fata (Afirka-Amurkawa) ne aka ‘yantar.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=King|first=Wilma|year=2004|title=Slavery, United States|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&id=GALE%7CCX3402800373&v=2.1&it=r&sid=summon&authCount=1|journal=Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood: In History and Society|volume=3|pages=757–758}}</ref> Akwai wasu lokuta na biyan diyya saboda bautar daular da suka faro tun daga 1783 a Arewacin Amurka,<ref name="UMass Reparations Article" /> tare da ƙaruwa cikin misalan zamani na biyan diyya a Amurka a shekarar 2020, yayinda kira na neman diyya ya ƙaru saboda zanga-zangar rashin adalci daga jami’an tsaro da kuma matsalolin wariyar launin fata da ke ci gaba da faruwa a Amurka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/20/joe-biden-reparations-slavery-george-floyd-protests |first=Lauren |last=Gambino|title=Calls for reparations are growing louder. How is the US responding? |newspaper=The Guardian |date=June 20, 2020}}</ref> Ana kuma kiraye-kirayen biyan diyya ga wariyar launin fata a lokaci guda da na bautar daular.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/reparations-for-slavery-arent-enough-official-racism-lasted-much-longer/2019/06/21/2c0ecbe8-9397-11e9-aadb-74e6b2b46f6a_story.html |title=Reparations for slavery aren't enough. Official racism lasted much longer. |first=Cheryll |last=Cashin |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=June 21, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="Black Asheville Demands" /> ==== Goyon baya da adawa ==== A cikin siyasa, an gabatar da kudurin doka a matakin ƙasa mai suna "Dokar Ƙirƙirar Kwamitin Bincike na Biyan Diyya ga 'Yan Afirka-Amurka", wanda tsohon wakili John Conyers Jr. (D-MI) ya gabatar a Majalisar Dokoki ta Amurka duk shekara daga 1989 har zuwa murabus dinsa a 2017.<ref name=":0">Conyers, John (3 October 2013). [http://ibw21.org/commentary/my-reparations-bill-hr-40/ "My Reparations Bill – HR 40"], ''IBW21'' (Institute of the Black World).</ref> Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, kudurin ya bukaci a ƙirƙiri kwamitin bincike da zai duba “tasirin bautar daular a rayuwar zamantakewa, siyasa da tattalin arzikin ƙasa.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/40/all-info|title=All Bill Information for H.R.40 – Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act|last=114th Congress|date=2016|website=Congress.Gov}}</ref> Duk da haka, akwai wasu birane da cibiyoyi da suka fara aiwatar da biyan diyya a Amurka (duba sashen Legislation and other actions). A 1999, lauya kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin Baƙar fata Randall Robinson, wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar TransAfrica, ya rubuta cewa tarihin tashin hankali, kisan gillar, da wariyar launin fata a Amurka sun janyo asarar dala tiriliyan 1.4 ga Baƙar fata.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Randall|year=1999|title=He Drove the First U.S Stake in South African Apartheid|journal=Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|volume=24|pages=58}}</ref> Masanin tattalin arziki Robert Browne ya bayyana cewa, babban burin biyan diyya shi ne “mayar da al’ummar Baƙar fata zuwa matsayin tattalin arziki da za su kasance da shi in ba su fuskanci bautar daular da wariyar launin fata ba.”<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2000-01-01|title=Six White Congressmen Endorse Reparations for Slavery|jstor=2678973|journal=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education|issue=27|pages=20–21|doi=10.2307/2678973}}</ref> Ya kiyasta adadin diyya da ya dace tsakanin dala tiriliyan 1.4 zuwa 4.7, ko kusan dala 142,000 ga kowane Baƙar fata da ke raye a yau.<ref name=":1" /> Wasu kiyasi sun kai daga dala tiriliyan 5.7 zuwa 14.2<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Craemer |first1=Thomas |title=Estimating Slavery Reparations: Present Value Comparisons of Historical Multigenerational Reparations Policies |journal=Social Science Quarterly |date=21 April 2015 |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=639–655 |doi=10.1111/ssqu.12151 }}</ref> har zuwa dala tiriliyan 17.1.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Myers |first1=Kristin |title=Slavery reparations could carry a $17 trillion price tag |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/40-acres-and-a-mule-reparations-in-2019-190018747.html |website=Yahoo |publisher=Yahoo Finance|date=27 June 2019}}</ref> Adawa da biyan diyya na nuna a cikin jama’a gaba ɗaya. A wata bincike da aka gudanar da YouGov a 2014, kashi 37% na Amurkawa ne kawai suka yarda cewa ya kamata a ba waɗanda aka bautar da su diyya a kuɗi bayan ‘yantar da su. Ƙari akan haka, kashi 15% ne kawai suka yarda da biyan kuɗi ga zuriyar waɗanda aka bautar da su. Binciken ya nuna bambanci tsakanin farin fata da Baƙar fata. Kamar yadda ya bayyana: “Kashi 6% na farin fata ne kawai ke goyon bayan biyan kuɗi ga zuriyar bayi, yayin da 59% na Baƙar fata ke goyon baya. Haka nan, 19% na farin fata – da 63% na Baƙar fata – ke goyon bayan shirye-shiryen musamman na ilimi da koyon aiki ga zuriyar bayi.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.yougov.com/topics/politics/articles-reports/2014/06/02/reparations|title=Overwhelming opposition to reparations for slavery and Jim Crow|first=Peter|last=Moore|date=2 June 2014}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A 2014, ɗan jaridar Amurka Ta-Nehisi Coates ya wallafa wani labari mai taken "The Case for Reparations", wanda ya bayyana ci gaba da illolin bautar daular da dokokin Jim Crow tare da sabunta buƙatar biyan diyya. Coates ya ambaci kudurin H.R.40 na John Conyers Jr., yana nuna cewa gazawar Majalisa wajen amincewa da shi na nuna rashin niyyarsu ta gyara kura-kurensu na baya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/|title=The Case for Reparations|last=Coates|first=Ta-Nehisi|date=June 2014|work=The Atlantic}}</ref> A martani, ɗan jaridar ra’ayin mazan jiya Kevin D. Williamson ya rubuta labarin "The Case Against Reparations", inda ya ce: “Mutanen da ake bin diyya sun riga sun mutu.”<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2014/05/case-against-reparations-kevin-d-williamson/|title=The Case Against Reparations|last=Williamson|first=Kevin D.|date=May 24, 2014|work=National Review}}</ref> A watan Satumba 2016, Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Kwararru kan Mutanen Asalin Afirka ya ƙarfafa Majalisar Dokoki ta Amurka da ta amince da H.R.40 domin nazari kan shawarwarin diyya. Duk da haka, kwamitin bai bayar da goyon baya kai tsaye ga kowanne tsarin diyya ba. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa har yanzu akwai ragowar wariyar launin fata a Amurka, yana cewa “Duk da sauye-sauyen da aka samu tun bayan ƙarshen dokokin Jim Crow da gwagwarmayar kare hakkin ‘yan adam, ra’ayoyin nuna fifikon rukuni ɗaya na ci gaba da cutar da hakkin zamantakewa, siyasa, tattalin arziki, al’adu da na ɗan Adam na Baƙar fata a yau.” Rahoton ya jaddada cewa “akidar wariyar launin fata ta hana haɗin kai a cikin jama’ar Amurka.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ushrnetwork.org/sites/ushrnetwork.org/files/unwgepad_us_visit_final_report_9_15_16.pdf|title=Report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent on its mission to the United States of America|date=August 18, 2016|access-date=July 21, 2025|archive-date=January 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117075452/http://www.ushrnetwork.org/sites/ushrnetwork.org/files/unwgepad_us_visit_final_report_9_15_16.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Batun biyan diyya ya sake samun kulawa a shekarar 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200624170052-dt00z/ |title=Calls for reparations gain steam as U.S. reckons with racial injustice |first1=Nellie |last1=Peyton |first2=Christine |last2=Murray |date=June 24, 2020}}</ref> yayinda gungun Black Lives Matter suka sanya diyya cikin muhimman manufofinsu a Amurka. A 2020, mawaki T.I. ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga biyan diyya inda ya nemi a bai wa kowanne ɗan Afirka-Amurka dala miliyan 1, yana mai cewa bautar daular ce ta haifar da yawaitar ɗaurin kurkuku, talauci, da sauran matsaloli.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pulptastic.com/rapper-t-i-demands-44-trillion-in-slavery-reparations/|title=Rapper T.I. Demands $44 Trillion in Slavery Reparations|date=July 24, 2020|website=Pulptastic}}</ref> === Caribbean === Daga mahangar dokar kasa da kasa, akwai tambaya ko bautar da mutane, kisan kare dangi, da sauran laifukan cin zarafin bil’adama sun kasance haramun a lokacin da aka aikata su a yankin Caribbean; misali, "Ko da yake alamun aikata kisan kare dangi sun bayyana tun zamanin da, haramta shi a dokar kasa da kasa ya zama al’amari ne na farkon karni na 20". Bugu da kari, bisa ga dokokin da aka kafa a matakin kasa da kasa, gwamnati mai maye gurbin wata tsohuwar gwamnati tana da alhakin samar da adalci ta hanyar diyya. A karkashin ka’idar kasa da kasa ta dokar zamani (intertemporal law), ba za a iya amfani da haramtattun dokoki na yanzu akan abubuwan da suka faru a baya ba. Akwai hujja ta shari’a da ke nuni da cewa, akwai keɓancewa daga wannan ka’ida musamman idan ana maganar laifukan cin zarafin bil’adama, domin kasashen Turai da wakilansu ba za su iya tsammanin cewa bautar da mutane za ta kasance doka a nan gaba ba (wanda ake kira da teleological reduction of the principle). Duk da haka, wannan fanni na doka yana da wahala sosai.<ref name=buser2017>{{Cite journal| last=Buser |first=Andreas |date=2017|title=Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide|journal=Heidelberg Journal of International Law|pages=91–115| url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 |ssrn=3050647}}</ref> ====Kwamitin Diyya na CARICOM ==== Caribbean Community (CARICOM), wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1973, kungiya ce ta kasashen gwamnati da ke hade siyasa da tattalin arziki na kasashe 15 a fadin yankin Caribbean.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ramjeet|first=Oscar|date=2009-04-16|title=CARICOM countries will speak with one voice in meetings with US and Canadian leaders|work=Caribbean Net News|url=https://idsa.in/idsacomments/wither-caricom-prospects-post-brexit_sbmagaraj_110716|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713154312/http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/wither-caricom-prospects-post-brexit_sbmagaraj_110716|archive-date=July 13, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=2009-04-16}}</ref> Har zuwa shekarar 1995, CARICOM ta kunshi yankunan da ke magana da Turanci kawai har sai da aka hada Suriname (wanda ke amfani da Dutch) a shekarar 1995; Haiti da wasu kasashen da ba su da Anglophone sun biyo baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news304/nc310133.htm|title=Spanish agreed as CARICOM second language|website=www.landofsixpeoples.com|access-date=2020-08-04|archive-date=2021-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818060949/http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news304/nc310133.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://caricom.org/our-community/who-we-are/|title=Who we are|publisher=Caribbean Community (CARICOM)|access-date=2020-08-04|archive-date=2020-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814200923/https://caricom.org/our-community/who-we-are/|url-status=live}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, a cikin wani jerin jawabai da aka fara a Georgetown, Guyana, domin tunawa da cika shekaru 250 da tawayen bayi na Berbice na 1763, shugaban kwalejin Cave Hill Campus na University of the West Indies, Sir Hilary Beckles ya bukaci kasashen CARICOM su koyi daga matsayar da Yahudawa suka dauka bayan gallazawa da aka musu a Yakin Duniya na Biyu, inda suka kafa asusun diyya ga Yahudawa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/UWI-principal-wants-CARICOM-to-seek-reparation-for-slavery|title=UWI principal wants CARICOM to seek reparation for slavery |website= Jamaica Observer|date=February 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215061238/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/UWI-principal-wants-CARICOM-to-seek-reparation-for-slavery|archive-date=2013-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nycaribnews.com/|title=The New York Carib News|website=New York Carib News -}}</ref> Bisa wannan shawara, aka kafa Kwamitin Diyya na CARICOM<ref>{{cite web | title=Homepage | website=Caribbean Reparations Commission | date=10 August 2016 | url=http://caricomreparations.org/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731105907/http://caricomreparations.org/ | archive-date=31 July 2019 | url-status=dead | access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> a watan Satumba, 2013. A shekarar 2014, kasashe 15 na Caribbean suka bayyana "Shirin Matakai Goma na CARICOM don Adalci ta hanyar Diyya", inda suka nemi diyya daga Turai "...domin ciwon da bautar Atlantic ta haifar".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/09/caribbean-nations-demand-slavery-reparations|title=Caribbean nations prepare demand for slavery reparations|last=Pilkington|first=Ed|date=March 9, 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Cikin bukatun akwai neman afuwar hukumomi, dawo da 'yan Afirka zuwa kasarsu, shirye-shirye don koya da yada tarihin Afirka, da kafa cibiyoyi don inganta karatu, lafiya, da tunanin zuriyar bayi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/reparations-for-native-genocide-and-slavery|title=Reparations for Native Genocide And Slavery|date=October 13, 2015|website=CARICOM}}</ref> Wakilan kasashen Caribbean sun sha bayyana niyyarsu na kai batun gaban Kotun Duniya ta Shari’a (ICJ).<ref name=buser2017/> Duk da haka, {{as of|January 2023|lc=y}} ba a dauki matakin kai karar Gwamnatin Barbados zuwa shari’ar kasa da kasa ba.<ref name=armitage2023>{{cite web | last=Armitage | first=Rebecca | title=Benedict Cumberbatch's ancestors got rich from slavery in Barbados. Now he could be on the hook for reparations|website=ABC News | publisher= [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] | date=4 January 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-01-04/benedict-cumberbatch-slavery-reparations/101822368 | access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref> ====Antigua da Barbuda==== A shekarar 2011, Antigua da Barbuda sun nemi diyya a gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, inda suka ce "wariya da tashin hankali da aka yi wa mutanen da suka fito daga Afirka ya hana su ci gaba a matsayin kasashe, al’umma, da kuma mutane." <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39770&Cr=slave&Cr1=#.UThm9zDcTmM|title= Reparations should be made for African slave trade, Antigua and Barbuda tells UN|first=United Nations News Service|last=Section|date=24 September 2011}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, jakadan Antigua da Barbuda zuwa Amurka, Sir Ronald Sanders, ya bukaci Jami’ar Harvard "ta nuna nadama da biyan diyya ga bayi marasa suna daga Antigua da Barbuda". A cewar Sanders, Isaac Royall Jr., wanda shi ne farfesan doka na farko da aka kafa a Harvard, ya dogara ne da bayi a gonarsa da ke Antigua wajen gina makarantar koyon doka ta Harvard. Sanders ya bayar da shawarar cewa a biya wannan diyya ta hanyar bayar da guraben karatu na shekara-shekara ga ‘yan Antigua da Barbuda.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.co.cr/antigua-and-barbuda-asks-harvard-university-for-slavery-reparations/52349/|title=Antigua and Barbuda Asks Harvard University for Slavery Reparations|last=Anders|first=Wendy|date=October 24, 2016|work=The Costa Rica Star}}</ref> ====Barbados==== A shekarar 2012, Gwamnatin Barbados ta kafa kwamiti mai mambobi goma sha biyu don ci gaba da jan hankalin duniya da yankin Caribbean game da batun diyya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://atlantablackstar.com/2012/11/06/barbados-takes-lead-in-fight-for-reparations-for-slavery-in-the-caribbean/|title=Barbados Takes Lead in Fight For Reparations in the Caribbean|date=November 7, 2012|website=Atlanta Black Star|author=Stan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sharenews.com/caricom-and-reparations-for-slavery/|first=Patrick |last=Hunter|title=CARICOM and reparations for slavery|website=Share|date=20 February 2013|access-date=7 March 2013|archive-date=27 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227195153/http://sharenews.com/caricom-and-reparations-for-slavery/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Barbados ya kasance kan gaba wajen "neman diyya daga tsofaffin kasashen mulkin mallaka saboda zaluncin da bayi da zuriyarsu suka sha".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/britain-s-colonial-shame-slave-owners-given-huge-payouts-after-abolition-8508358.html|title=Britain's colonial shame: Slave-owners given huge payouts after|first=Sanchez |last=Manning|date=February 26, 2013|newspaper=The Independent}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> An ce Barbados ne "kan gaba" (zuwa 2021) wajen bukatar a biya diyya don bautar da mutane.<ref name=naarc>{{cite web | title=Britain's colonial shame: Slave-owners given huge payouts after abolition | website=National African American Reparations Commission (NAARC) | date=7 October 2021 | url=https://reparationscomm.org/reparations-news/britains-colonial-shame-slave-owners-given-huge-payouts-after-abolition/ | access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref> Ya zuwa Janairu 2023, Kwamitin kasa na Barbados na neman diyya daga dan majalisar Burtaniya mai kudi, Richard Drax, saboda laifin danginsa na shiga cikin cinikin bayi. Har yanzu dangin Drax suna da mallakar wani katafaren fili a Barbados; ana cewa Richard Drax yana da dukiyar da ta kai "akalla fam miliyan £150".<ref name=lashmar>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/26/barbados-tory-mp-pay-reparations-family-slave-richard-drax-caribbean-sugar-plantation|title=Barbados plans to make Tory MP pay reparations for family's slave past| first1=Paul|last1=Lashmar|first2= Jonathan |last2=Smith | access-date=4 January 2023|website=The Guardian|date=26 November 2022}}</ref> Idan kwamitin ya kasa samun amincewa da a mayar da Drax Hall zuwa Barbados, gwamnati na shirin kai karar zuwa gaban kotun kasa da kasa.<ref name=armitage2023/> ====Guyana==== A shekarar 2007, shugaban kasar Guyana, Bharrat Jagdeo, ya bukaci kasashen Turai da su biya diyya saboda cinikin bayi.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2007/03/070327_jagdeoreparations.shtml|title= Guyana calls for reparations|publisher=BBCCaribbean.com|date=27 March 2007}}</ref> Shugaba Jagdeo ya bayyana cewa: "Ko da wasu daga cikin al’ummomin duniya sun amince da rawar da suka taka a wannan mummunan tsarin, yakamata su dauki wani mataki na gaba ta hanyar goyon bayan biyan diyya."<ref name=":2" /> A shekarar 2014, majalisar dokokin Guyana ta kafa "Kwamitin Diyya na Guyana" don bincike da bayyana tasirin bautar da mutane da kuma tsara bukatun diyya na hukumomi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://parliament.gov.gy/chamber-business/notice-papers/establishment-of-the-reparations-committee-of-guyana/|title=Establishment of the Reparations Committee of Guyana|website=Parliament of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana|access-date=2025-07-21|archive-date=2025-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612233823/https://www.parliament.gov.gy/chamber-business/notice-papers/establishment-of-the-reparations-committee-of-guyana|url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Haiti==== Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekarar 1804 ta hanyar yakin juyin juya hali na Haiti, an ga cewa akwai dalilin neman diyya ga Haiti. Bayan haka, Faransa ta bukaci sabuwar kasar Haiti da ta biya gwamnatin Faransa da masu bayi fam miliyan 90 na zinariya saboda “satar” rayuwar bayin da suka yi da kuma gonakin da suka mai da riba ta hanyar amfanin su da sukarin da kofi domin a amince da ‘yancin su a hukumance.<ref name="odiousdebts.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.odiousdebts.org/odiousdebts/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=9636 |via=Odious Debts |title= Impoverished Haiti pins hopes for future on a very old debt|first=José |last=De Côrdoba|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=January 2, 2004 |access-date=2011-03-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112093243/http://www.odiousdebts.org/odiousdebts/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=9636 |archive-date=2010-11-12 }}</ref> Wadannan biyan kudade aka dauka a matsayin diyya ga tsofaffin masu bayi, kuma bankunan Faransa da Citibank ne suka dauki nauyin wannan bashin, wanda aka gama biya a shekarar 1947.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2010/0817/France-dismisses-petition-for-it-to-pay-17-billion-in-Haiti-reparations|title=France dismisses petition for it to pay $17 billion in Haiti reparations|date=2010-08-17|work=The Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2019-08-31|issn=0882-7729|first=Robert|last=Marquand}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, tsohon shugaban kasar Haiti, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, ya bukaci Faransa da ta biya Haiti diyya fiye da dalar Amurka biliyan 21, wanda shine darajar yau ta fam miliyan 90 na zinariya da aka tilasta musu su biya domin samun amincewar duniya.<ref name="Jackson Miller">{{cite news |first=Dionne |last=Jackson Miller |title=HAITI: Aristide's Call for Reparations From France Unlikely to Die |date=March 12, 2004 |access-date=20 April 2009 |publisher=Inter Press Service news |url=http://ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=22828 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202065348/http://www.ipsnews.net/interna.asp?idnews=22828 |archive-date=2 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Revolution>{{cite web|title= Haiti, 1789 to 1806|first=Frank E. |last=Smitha|url=http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h34-np2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212182348/http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h34-np2.html|archive-date=2009-02-12|url-status=live|access-date=2009-04-20}}</ref> Aristide daga baya ya zargi Faransa da Amurka da kifar da gwamnatinsa a wani juyin mulki a shekarar 2004, yana cewa hakan ya biyo bayan bukatarsa ta diyya. ====Jamaica==== A shekarar 2004, wata kungiya ta ‘yan kishin kasa daga Jamaica ciki har da mambobin Rastafari, sun bukaci kasashen Turai da suka shiga cinikin bayi da su dauki nauyin mayar da ‘yan Rastafari 500,000 zuwa kasar Ethiopia (sun kiyasta wannan diyya da fam biliyan 72.5, ko kuma kimanin dalar Amurka 150,000 ga kowane mutum). Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta yi watsi da wannan bukata.<ref name="JamaicanCommission" /> A shekarar 2012, Gwamnatin Jamaica ta farfado da kwamitinta na diyya don tantance ko kasar ya kamata ta nemi afuwa ko diyya daga Birtaniya saboda rawar da ta taka a cinikin bayi.<ref name=JamaicanCommission>{{cite news |title=Jamaicans Form Commission to Investigate Slavery Reparations from Britain |date=1 November 2012 |agency=Associated Press |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/jamaica-revives-slavery-reparations-commission |access-date=23 December 2012 |archive-date=26 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026141900/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/jamaica-revives-slavery-reparations-commission |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masu adawa sun nuna cewa rawar da Birtaniya ta taka wajen kawo karshen cinikin bayi ya isa dalili da zai sa kada a biya diyya. A shekarar 2021, gwamnatin Jamaica ta sake duba batun neman diyya saboda bautar da mutane. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa gwamnatin Jamaica na neman fam biliyan 7 daga Birtaniya saboda barnar da bautar da mutane ta haifar, ciki har da fam miliyan 20 da gwamnatin Birtaniya ta biya tsofaffin masu bayi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=McLeod|first=Sheri-Kae|date=2021-07-15|title=Jamaica Demands Billions in Slavery Reparations from UK|url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/caribbean-breaking-news-featured/jamaica-demands-billions-in-slavery-reparations-from-uk/|access-date=2021-07-15|website=Caribbean News|language=en}}</ref> ===Duniya Musulmi=== An ba da shawarar biyan diyya saboda bautar tarihi a cikin duniyar Musulmi.<ref>{{cite book | title=Bauta da Musulunci | last=Brown | first=J.A.C. | isbn=9781786076366| year=2020 | publisher=Oneworld Publications}}</ref> ==Ta yankin asalin bayi== === Afirka === A shekarar 1999, Hukumar Gaskiya ta Duniya kan Diyya da Komawar Bayi ta Afirka ta bukaci kasashen yamma su biya dala tiriliyan 777 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=777000000000000|start_year=1999}}}} a cikin {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) ga Afirka a cikin shekaru biyar.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=BBC |title=Afirka na bukatar diyya tiriliyan a kan cinikin bayi |date=20 Agusta, 1999 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/424984.stm}}</ref> A watan Satumba 2001, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta dauki nauyin Taron Duniya kan wariyar launin fata, ƙyamar baƙi da rashin ɗa’a da aka gudanar a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu. Taron Bita na Durban ya bayar da kuduri cewa kasashen yamma suna bin diyya ga Afirka saboda "wariyar launin fata, ƙyamar baƙi da rashin ɗa’a" da cinikin bayi na Atlantic ya haddasa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Howard-Hassmann|first=Rhoda E.|date=2004-01-01|title=Diyya ga Afirka da Rukunin Fitattun Mutane|jstor=4393370|journal=Cahiers d'Études Africaines|volume=44|issue=173/174|pages=81–97|doi=10.4000/etudesafricaines.4543|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.un.org/WCAR/pressreleases/rd-d24.html |title=Amincewa da Abin Da Ya Gabata, Bukatar Diyya daga Shugabanni a Taron Wariyar Launin Fata |publisher=World Conference against Racism |date=2 Satumba, 2001 |access-date=15 Nuwamba, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/WCAR/pressreleases/rd-d35.htm|title=Bukatar Dakile Wariyar da Take Shafuka da Dama a Taron |publisher=Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|access-date=15 Nuwamba, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807020652/http://www.un.org/WCAR/pressreleases/rd-d35.htm|archive-date=7 Agusta, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shugabanni daga wasu kasashen Afirka sun goyi bayan wannan kuduri. Tsohon Ministan Shari’a na Sudan, Ali Mohamed Osman Yassin, ya bayyana cewa cinikin bayi ne ke da alhakin matsalolin Afirka a yau. Shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu Cyril Ramaphosa ya goyi bayan bayar da diyya saboda bayi da cinikin bayi, a bikin cika shekaru 20 da bayyana kudurin Durban.<ref>{{cite web |website=News24 |title=Ramaphosa ya bukaci MDD ta tattauna kan diyya saboda bayi |url=https://www.news24.com/ramaphosa-asks-un-to-discuss-reparations-for-slavery-20210922 |date=22 Satumba, 2021}}</ref> ====Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka da Kudurin Caricom na Diyya Duniya==== An kafa Kundin Diyya na Duniya ta Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka da Caricom a wata taro da aka yi a Ghana a watan Nuwamba 2023.<ref name=GuardNov23>{{cite news|last=Gentleman|first=Amelia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/17/african-and-caribbean-nations-agree-move-to-seek-reparations-for-slavery|title=Kasashen Afirka da Caribbean sun yarda da neman diyya kan bayi|date=17 Nuwamba, 2023|access-date=17 Nuwamba, 2023|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Shugaban Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo, ya bayyana a taron cewa “Dukkan lokacin bayi ya hana ci gabanmu ta fuskar tattalin arziki, al’adu da bangaren tunani. Akwai labaran dangi da dama da suka rabu ... Ba za ka iya aunawa ba, amma dole ne a gane tasirin wannan annoba”.<ref name=GuardNov23/> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ==Ƙara karatu== * {{cite news|title=The centuries-long fight for reparations|first=Ana Lucia|last=Araujo|author-link=Ana Lucia Araujo|date=April 28, 2019 |newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/04/28/centuries-long-fight-reparations/}} <!--* Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. "Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History"?'','' New York: Bloomsbury Academic, pp. 276.--> * Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2017. ''Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History'', New York / London: Bloomsbury Academic. {{ISBN|135001060X}} * Barragan, Yesenia. 2021. ''Freedom's Captives: Slavery and Gradual Emancipation on the Colombian Black Pacific (Afro-Latin America)'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {{doi|10.1017/9781108935890}} * [[Hilary Beckles|Beckles, Hilary]]. ''Britain's Black Debt: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Native Genocide'', Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-9766402686}} * Buser, Andreas. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3050647 "Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility: The CARICOM Claim to Compensate Slavery and (Native) Genocide"], ''Heidelberg Journal of International Law'' (2017), pp.&nbsp;409–446. * [[Ta-Nehisi Coates|Coates, Ta-Nehisi]]. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/ "The Case for Reparations"], ''The Atlantic'', June 2014. * du Plessis, Max. 2003. "Historical Injustice and International Law: An Exploratory Discussion of Reparation for Slavery" Human Rights Quarterly, 25(3), 624–659. * Manjapra, Kris. June 17, 2022. "D.C.'s Enslavers Got Reparations. Freed People Got Nothing", ''Politico''. * Manjapra, Kris. 2019. "The Scandal of the British Slavery Abolition Act Loan", ''Social and Economic Studies'', 68(3/4), 165–184. {{JSTOR|45299245}} * {{citation |author=United Nations General Assembly |title=Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law |date=16 December 2005 |id=A/RES/60/147 |url=http://undocs.org/A/RES/60/147 |access-date=10 July 2017 }} ([http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/RemedyAndReparation.aspx HTML version]) with a definition and the components of full and effective reparation, as laid out in principles 19 to 23. * America, Richard F. ''Wealth of Races: The Present Value of Benefits from Past Injustices''. Praeger Press, 2002. {{ISBN|0313257531}} * Burlette, Carterm W.. [http://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications/1030/ "True Reparations"], ''The George Washington Law Review'', Vol. 68, No. 1021, 2000. * America, Richard F. "Racial Inequality, Economic Dysfunction, and Reparations'', ''Challenge,'' Vol. 38, No. 6, 1995, pp.&nbsp;40–45. {{JSTOR|40721651}} ==Hanyoyin waje== * ''[https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf Kayan Aiki na Diyya Yanzu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015100013/https://policy.m4bl.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Reparations-Now-Toolkit-FINAL.pdf |date=15 Oktoba 2019 }}'', Movement for Black Lives, 2019. * ''[http://www.c-span.org/person/?richardamerica Huɗa game da Diyya ga Baƙar fata]'', Richard F. America, bidiyon C-SPAN na TransAfrica Forum, 11 Janairu 2000. * ''[https://www.npr.org/programs/specials/racism/010827.reparations.html Gyaran Lamura: Muhawara kan Diyya ga Bautar Amurka tana ci gaba]'', National Public Radio, 27 Agusta 2001. * [http://www.zinnedproject.org/news/reparations-and-climate-justice/ Diyya da Adalcin Yanayi] (tare da Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò), wani ɓangare na jerin Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online. * [https://caricomreparations.org/ Hukumar Diyya ta Caribbean] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610110920/https://caricomreparations.org/ |date=2025-06-10 }} ovlm4wjlopq6lxdzdso1zwxubew6hms 0 101075 888027 815617 2026-07-27T09:18:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lucrécia Paim''' (Caxito, Oktoba 16, 1939 - [[Quincuzo]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Kongo Quinxassa]], Maris 1967) 'yar Angola ce mai kare 'yancin mata, sannan mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma mai fafutukar kishin ƙasa, wacce ake ɗauka a matsayin shahidiya na tsarin mulkin ƙasar. Ta kasance memba na Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) kuma wacce ta kafa reshen mata, Kungiyar Matan Angolan (OMA). <ref name="Santos">{{Cite journal |last=Virgínia Inácio dos Santos |date=2010 |title=A situação da mulher angolana - uma análise crítica feminista pós-guerra |url=https://www.metodista.br/revistas/revistas-ims/index.php/MA/article/download/1998/2010 |journal=Mandrágora |volume=16 |issue=16 |access-date=2025-05-31 |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922033752/https://www.metodista.br/revistas/revistas-ims/index.php/MA/article/download/1998/2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kama ta, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cópia da carta de Deolinda Rodrigues, da base de Kinkuzu {{!}} Associação Tchiweka de Documentação |url=https://www.tchiweka.org/documento-textual/0091000033 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=www.tchiweka.org}}</ref> tare da azabtar da ita kuma ta mutu ta a hannun National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) a cikin mahallin gwagwarmayar 'yan uwantaka tsakanin MPLA da UPA/FNLA. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marga Holness |date=1983 |title=Angolan Women's Congress |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4005604 |journal=Review of African Political Economy |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd. |issue=27/28 |page=125-129}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Camy Squadron na Sojojin Jama'ar 'Yancin Angola (EPLA).. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Victorino |first=Joaquim |title="Esquadrão Kamy" retrata a história de várias heroínas |url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/detalhes.php?id=421591 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Jornal de Angola |language=pt |archive-date=2024-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219020346/https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/detalhes.php?id=421591 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Makarantar Lucrécia Paim Maternity School ce ta karrama ta, ruƙunin asibiti mafi girma da ya kware a fannin haihuwa a Angola, wanda kuma ke aiki a matsayin asibitin koyarwa na Faculty of Medicine na [[Jami'ar Agostinho Neto]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maternidade Lucrécia Paim {{!}} Contacto |url=https://lucreciapaim.gov.ao/update/main/historia |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=lucreciapaim.gov.ao }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Reference == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]] 5c3pwdfenssz02d3uoabl76db6wknu0 0 105141 887915 878732 2026-07-26T22:11:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Labubu''' (Sinanci: 拉布布) alama ce ta kayan wasa ne masu ban sha'awa da aka kirkira ta [[Hong Kong]]-[[Beljik|Belgian]] mai zanen {{Interlanguage link|Kasing Lung|zh|龍家昇}} (Sinansi: 龍家昇 <ref name="inv-lung">{{Cite web |title=Lot 311: 龍家昇 Kasing Lung(Hong Kong) |url=https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/kasing-lung-hong-kong-311-c-a8747dcb6a |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=Invaluable}}</ref>) kuma ana tallata su kuma ana sayar da su ne kawai a kantin sayar da su Pop Mart .<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Cheung |first=Adam. |date=30 April 2025 |title="I was told they were sold out. I always wanted one immediately": Why countless guys are obsessed with those weird and wild Labubu dolls |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/what-are-labubu-dolls |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[British GQ]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tabiolo |first=Jewil Anne M. |date=19 October 2024 |title=All You Need to Know:Labubu 'hottest collectible' right now |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/all-you-need-to-know-labubu-hottest-collectible-right-no |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=[[SunStar]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Fernando |first=Jeff |date=23 October 2024 |title=Labubu mania sweeps the Philippines: Celebrities can't get enough of these whimsical toys |url=https://tribune.net.ph/2024/10/22/labubu-mania-sweeps-the-philippines-celebrities-cant-get-enough-of-these-whimsical-toys |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=[[Daily Tribune (Philippines)|Daily Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref> ''Labubu'' kuma shine sunan babban hali a cikin jerin. == Tarihi == Labubu ya fara ne a matsayin hali wanda Kasing Lung acikin shekara ta (1972-),<ref name="gallery-kaikaikiki_bio_kasing-lung">{{Cite web |title=Kasing Lung Biography |url=https://en.gallery-kaikaikiki.com/2020/10/bio_kasing-lung/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=[[Kaikai Kiki]] Gallery}}</ref> mai zane-zane da aka haifa acikin Hong Kong wanda ya girma a Utrecht, [[Holand|Netherlands]], wanda daga baya ya zauna a [[Birnin Antwerp|Antwerp]], [[Beljik|Belgium]]. Labubu ya kasance wani ɓangare na jerin labarun Lung The Monsters, wanda ya sami rinjaye daga al'adun Nordic da [[Camfi|tatsuniyoyi]] da ya ji daɗi a lokacin yaro. <ref name="CNA">{{Cite web |last=Sukri |first=Hazeeq |date=26 September 2024 |title=4 things to know about Labubu, the popular Pop Mart figure with fans including Blackpink's Lisa |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/trending/things-know-about-labubu-pop-mart-409246 |access-date=18 May 2025 |publisher=[[Channel News Asia|CNA]] Lifestyle}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Surbano |first=Eric E. |date=21 September 2024 |title=Decoding the Labubu hype from its origins to creator and celebrity endorsements |url=https://www.prestigeonline.com/my/lifestyle/culture-plus-entertainment/what-is-labubu-faq-where-to-buy-origins-price-kasing-lung-lalisa-manobal/ |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=Prestige Online - Malaysia |language=en-MY}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> An fara gabatar da Labubu acikin shekarar 2015 <ref name=":2"/> tare da siffofin "Monsters" da kamfanin How2Work ya samar; abin wasa ya sami karbuwa sosai acikin shekarar 2019 biyo bayan hadin gwiwa tare da Pop Mart.<ref name=":6"/><ref name=":5" /> Wannan haɗin gwiwar ya haɓaka shahararren Labubu tsakanin masu tarawa. Ya zuwa cikin shekara ta 2025, Labubu ya saki fiye da siffofi 300 daban-daban na Labubu, wanda ya kasance girman da farashi, daga $ 15 don adadi na vinyl mai inci takwas (3 in) zuwa $ 960 don fitowar "mega" mai inci 79.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Corsillo |first=Liza |date=12 June 2025 |title=The Confused Aunt's Guide to Labubu |url=https://nymag.com/strategist/article/labubu-explainer-2025.html |access-date=18 June 2025 |website=[[The Strategist]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yuni, an sayar da Labubu mai tsayi 1.2 (4 na mint-kore don $ 170,000 a farkon gwanin Labubu da aka gudanar a Beijing.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Gulino |first=Elizabeth |date=11 June 2025 |title=Would You Pay $170,000 for a Labubu? |url=https://www.thecut.com/article/labubu-doll-auction-beijing-china.html |access-date=18 June 2025 |website=[[TheCut.com]] |language=en}}</ref> == Tsarin == [[Fayil:Pop_Mart_store_at_Lize_Paradise_Walk_(20210911185655).jpg|thumb|Pop Mart ta sayar da 'yan tsana na Labubu tun daga cikin shekarar 2019.]] An bayyana Labubus a matsayin mai ban sha'awa amma dan kadan mai tsananin fuska, wanda ke nuna zagaye, jiki mai gashi, idanu masu faɗi, kunnuwa masu kaifi,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bharade |first=Aditi |last2=Liam |first2=Erin |date=15 November 2024 |title=A fluffy, $85 toy is taking Asia by storm and sparking legions of knockoffs. Inside the meteoric rise of Labubu. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-rise-labubu-monsters-popmart-toy-adults-china-sold-out-2024-11 |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US}}</ref> da hakora tara masu kaifi waɗanda ke samar da murmushi mai banƙyama.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":3"/> Baya ga Labubu kanta, wasu adadi suma suna cikin "ƙabilar" da ake kira "The Monsters", gami da haruffa Mokoko, Pato, Spooky, Tycoco (sauraron Labubu mai kama da kwarangwal), da Zimomo (shugaban Monsters, tare da wutsiya mai tsayi).<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Bargeron |first=Sadie |title=Blackpink's Lisa's favorite Pop Mart toy Labubu causes global mania |url=https://jingdaily.com/posts/from-bangkok-to-la-how-the-world-caught-labubu-mania |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=JingDaily.com |language=en |archive-date=9 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109040602/https://jingdaily.com/posts/from-bangkok-to-la-how-the-world-caught-labubu-mania |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Zachariah |first=Natasha Ann |date=14 November 2024 |title=Going ga-ga over Labubu: The toy that has fans fighting, faking and stealing it |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/going-ga-ga-over-labubu-the-toy-that-has-fans-fighting-faking-and-stealing-it |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=[[The Straits Times]]}}</ref> An samar da 'yan tsana tare da bayyanuwa iri-iri.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="nyt-gupta-25" /> Layin maɓallin Labubu na farko, mai taken "Exciting Macaron" (Sinanci: 心動馬卡龍), an sake shi acikin watan Oktoban na shekara ta 2023. Sauran tarin sun hada da "Fall in Wild", layin mutum bakwai "Ka sami kujerar" (Sinanci: 坐坐派對),<ref name="nyt-gupta-25" /> da kuma "Babban cikin Makamashi" (Sidanci: 大動力 jerin).<ref name="mash-bell-25">{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Crystal |date=22 May 2025 |title=The cult and community of Labubu |url=https://mashable.com/article/labubu-internet-craze-community |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> Pop Mart ya kuma yi aiki tare da nau'ikan daban-daban, samar da jerin akwatin makafi na hunturu mai taken [[Coca-cola|Coca-Cola]] na goma sha ɗaya Labubus a ƙarshen shekara ta 2024<ref name="sd-james-24">{{Cite web |last=James |first=Jesse |date=9 December 2024 |title=Pop Mart and Coca-Cola Unite for The Monsters Collection: A Must-Have for Collectors |url=https://stupiddope.com/2024/12/pop-mart-and-coca-cola-unite-for-the-monsters-collection-a-must-have-for-collectors/ |access-date=27 May 2025 |website=Stupid Dope}}</ref> da kuma layin siffofi 13 na The Monsters da aka sake tunanin su a matsayin haruffa daga manga da anime One Piece a farkon 2025.<ref name="prestige-muliani-25">{{Cite web |last=Muliani |first=Johanna |date=10 March 2025 |title=How to purchase the Monsters x "One Piece" and Labubu collection in Singapore |url=https://www.prestigeonline.com/id/pursuits/entertainment/labubu-and-the-monsters-one-piece-collaboration-2025/ |access-date=27 May 2025 |website=Prestige Online}}</ref> Sauran adadi an sake su ne kawai a gidajen tarihi daban-daban, kamar jerin "Labubu's Artistic Quest" da aka sayar a shagon Pop Mart a Louvre a Paris.<ref name="mash-bell-25"/><ref name="pop-mart-pr-24">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2024 |title=Pop Mart: Unveiling an Innovative Retail Experience at the Louvre |url=https://en.prnasia.com/releases/global/pop-mart-unveiling-an-innovative-retail-experience-at-the-louvre-455761.shtml |access-date=28 May 2025 |publisher=[[PR Newswire]]}}</ref> === Akwatin makafi === Sau da yawa ana sayar da adadi na Labubu a cikin akwatunan makafi, waɗanda aka tattara cikin layi, waɗanda ke ƙunshe da kayan wasa da aka zaɓa a bazuwar daga wannan jerin.<ref name="Vogue">{{Cite web |last=Maguire |first=Lucy |date=30 April 2025 |title=Labubus, Jellycats and Crybaby: Why are toys going viral in 2025? |url=https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/fashion/labubus-jellycats-and-crybaby-why-are-toys-going-viral-in-2025 |access-date=18 May 2025 |publisher=[[Vogue Business]] |archive-date=30 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430060217/https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/fashion/labubus-jellycats-and-crybaby-why-are-toys-going-viral-in-2025 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jerin sau da yawa suna ƙunshe da adadi mai ban sha'awa "asirin" ban da ƙirar da aka tallata.<ref name="mash-bell-25"/> == Karɓar baƙi == Abin wasa ya sami kulawa sosai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024 bayan an hango memba na K-pop Blackpink Lisa tare da maɓallin Labubu a kan jaka.<ref name=":6"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chang |first=Andrea |date=5 November 2024 |title=Overnight lines, mall fights and instant sellouts: Labubu toy mania comes to America |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2024-11-05/labubu-craze |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da yanayin da ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar karuwar karbuwa a [[Tailan|Thailand]] da sauran sassan Kudu maso gabas da Gabashin Asiya.<ref name=":1"/> Liza Corsillo ta New York Magazine ta rubuta cewa "roƙon kayan wasa yana motsawa ta hanyar kyawawan abubuwan da ke da wuyar bayyanawa - suna da mummunan abu, amma ana iya rungumar su, tare da murmushi mai ban sha'awa - da kuma mamaki da ƙarancin. " Ta kuma rubuta cewa, kamar Jellycat da sauran kayan kwalliya da ake nema, Labubus ya ɓoye "layin tsakanin kayan wasa da kayan kwalliya". Ta lura cewa magoya baya suna son saukin su, kamar yadda za a iya yanke su zuwa jaka ko jakar baya.<ref name=":8"/> Bukatar Labubus ta isa ta rushe shafin yanar gizon a kalla sau ɗaya.<ref name=":8"/> Saboda shahararren alamar, nau'ikan karya, wani lokacin ana kiransu "Lafufus," sun bayyana a kasuwa.<ref name=":9"/> Hakanan ana samun kayan haɗi na karya don sayen kan layi.<ref name=":8" /> Wasu masu tarawa sun bayar da rahoton cewa sun nuna sha'awar waɗannan karya, saboda ƙirarsu ta al'ada.<ref name=":8" /> Rahoton wucin gadi na Pop Mart na ciki shekara ta 2024, wanda aka saki a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, ya bayyana cewa layin ya samar da tallace-tallace na Yuan na kasar Sin biliyan 6.3 (kimanin dala miliyan 870) a farkon rabin shekara.<ref name=":0"/>{{Spaces}}{{Spaces}} A Rasha, masu amfani da hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa sun sami kamanceceniya mai ban tsoro na Labubu da halin yankin Topple.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2025 |title=«С Чебурашкой сходство и правда есть»: композер «Киберслава» поставила точку в спорах о плагиате в истории с Лабубу |trans-title='There is a real similarity to Topple': composer of 'Kiberslav' dots argues about plagiarism in Labubu story |url=https://www.kinoafisha.info/articles/schitali-labubu-deshevoy-kopiey-cheburashki-a-zrya--kompozer-kiberslava-obyasnila-pochemu-kukla--ne-prosto-klon_id107989_a15787707/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> Majalisar Tarayya ta Rasha ta ba da shawarar hana sayar da Labubus. Dalilin shi ne "bayyanar tsoratarwa" da kuma yiwuwar cutar da lafiyar kwakwalwar yara.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=29 May 2025 |title=В России предложили запретить модные фигурки Лабубу — сенатор считает их вредными для психики |trans-title=Russia proposes banning fashionable Labubu figurines — senator believes they are harmful to the psyche |url=https://kanobu.ru/news/v-rossii-predlozhili-zapretit-modnyie-figurki-labubu-senator-schitaet-ih-vrednyimi-dlya-psihiki-501216/ |access-date=19 June 2025 |website=Kanobu.ru |language=ru}}</ref> A Rasha, [[Ekaterina Altabaeva]], mataimakiyar shugaban [[Committee on Science, Education and Culture|Kwamitin Kimiyya, Ilimi da Al'adu]], ta bayyana cewa adadi yana sa yara su ji tsoro. Ta yi kira ga Rospotrebnadzor da Rosobrnadzor da suyi la'akari da haramta su.<ref name=":10" /> Tatyana Butskaya, mataimakin shugaban kwamitin Duma ta Jiha kan kare iyali, ya ba da rahoton cewa ana sayar da Labubus a Rasha ta hanyar keta ka'idoji. A cewarta, babu kalma ɗaya a cikin Rasha a kan kayan wasa, kuma alamar ba ta nuna cewa an ƙera su a Rasha ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Роскачество начало проверку Labubu. Из-за их огромной популярности в Думе готовят законопроект о «правильных игрушках» |trans-title=Roskachestvo has begun an inspection of Labubu. Due to their huge popularity, the Duma is preparing a bill on "correct toys" |url=https://www.pravilamag.ru/news/society-news/01-06-2025/750579-roskachestvo-nachalo-proverku-labubu-iz-za-ih-ogromnoi-populyarnosti-v-dume-gotovyat-zakonoproekt-o-pravilnyh-igrushkah/ |access-date=19 June 2025 |website=Pravilamag.ru |language=ru-RU}}</ref> Koyaya, masana'antar ba ta sanya kayan wasa a matsayin kayan wasa na yara ba: yana da iyakar shekaru 15.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2025 |title=«Уродский» тренд с парижскими корнями: как Лабубу продают на миллиарды и при чем тут Лиса из BLACKPINK |trans-title=The "ugly" trend with Parisian roots: how Laboubu is sold for billions and what does BLACKPINK's Lisa have to do with it |url=https://rtvi.us/culture/urodskij-trend-s-parizhskimi-kornyami-kak-labubu-prodayut-na-milliardy-i-pri-chem-tut-lisa-iz-blackpink/ |access-date=19 June 2025 |website=[[RTVI.us]] |language=ru}}</ref> == Labarai == === Amulets na Thai === A cikin shekara ta 2024, saboda shahararren kwayar cutar Labubu a Thailand, yawancin Thais sun fara gaskata cewa hotonsa na iya kawo wadata da wadata. A sakamakon haka, an sanya shi a cikin amulet na Buddha da tattoos masu tsarki (''Sak yant'').<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 May 2024 |title=ยันต์ลาบูบู้ เรียกทรัพย์ เมินดราม่าสายมูต่อแถวรอสัก ย้ำซอฟต์พาวเวอร์คนจีนชอบ |url=https://www.thairath.co.th/scoop/interview/2786767 |access-date= |website= |publisher=Thairath |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=21 May 2024 |title=พระพยอมติงยันต์ลาบูบู้ เหมือนเอาของบูชามาเป็นของเล่น |url=https://www.ch7.com/sports/728236 |access-date= |website=ช่อง 7HD |publisher= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 July 2024 |title=冷门IP, 在外国意外爆火成财神? |url=https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_28191729 |access-date= |website=[[澎湃新闻]] |publisher=印客美学 |quote=}}</ref> === Ci gaba ta siyasa === A cikin watan Satumban shekara ta 2024, ƙungiyar People's Action Party (PAP) Sengkang a [[Singafora|Singapore]] ta gudanar da taron rarraba kayan masarufi ga manyan 'yan ƙasa a Compassvale Crescent, Sengkang . A lokacin taron, an gabatar da maɓallin Labubu mai laushi da aka yi wa ado da fararen rigar da ke dauke da tambarin PAP. Lam Pin Min, shugaban reshen PAP Sengkang West, ya raba hotuna a kan kafofin sada zumunta na yar tsana da ke shiga cikin taron, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi kyawun mai sa kai". Yarinyar ta bayyana a cikin hoton hukuma na kungiyar kuma an nuna ta a cikin bidiyon [[TikTok]] na gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chua |first=Ilyda |title=PAP Sengkang team debuts PAP Labubu doll during senior citizen grocery drive |url=https://mothership.sg/2024/09/pap-sengkang-team-labubu-doll/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122034302/https://mothership.sg/2024/09/pap-sengkang-team-labubu-doll/ |archive-date=22 January 2025 |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=mothership.sg |language=en}}</ref> === Bikin Alloli tara na Sarkin sarakuna === A cikin watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024, a lokacin bikin gumakan sarki tara, Haikali na Ling Lian Bao Dian na Singapore ya gabatar da abubuwan wasa masu tarawa a karon farko a kokarin jan hankalin matasa ga ayyukan addini na gargajiya. An yi ado da siffofi hudu na Labubu a matsayin masu ibada, a cikin fararen tufafi, fararen hular, da sashes masu launin rawaya, kuma sun shiga cikin bukukuwan. Wannan yunkurin ya jawo hankali da muhawara a kafofin sada zumunta. Duk da yake wasu sun yaba da ra'ayin a matsayin kyakkyawa da kuma al'adun al'adu, wasu sun yi tambaya ko rashin girmamawa ga alloli. Haikalin ya bayyana cewa kayan wasa suna aiki ne kawai a matsayin "masu ibada" kuma ba a bauta musu a matsayin hadayu ba, saboda haka ba a yi niyyar rashin girmamawa ba. Bidiyo na taron ya sami babban kallo a kan kafofin sada zumunta, yana jawo matasa da yawa zuwa haikalin don ganin siffofin da kansu.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first=Ren |date=8 October 2024 |title=庙宇为吸引年轻一代 引入潮玩共庆九皇爷诞 |url=https://www.8world.com/singapore/nine-emperor-gods-festival-celebration-labubu-devotee-2585976 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205132053/https://www.8world.com/singapore/nine-emperor-gods-festival-celebration-labubu-devotee-2585976 |archive-date=5 December 2024 |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=8world |language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Leong |first=Dana |date=7 October 2024 |title=Labubu's appearance in Nine Emperor Gods festival gets internet talking |url=https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/labubus-appearance-nine-emperor-gods-festival-gets-internet-talking |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250512072300/https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/labubus-appearance-nine-emperor-gods-festival-gets-internet-talking |archive-date=12 May 2025 |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=[[AsiaOne]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9l6gzlgqjl9va3289srwcoen6wat8fq 0 107313 887876 670244 2026-07-26T20:07:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Anti-Victoria_Gillick_campaign_badge,_1985.jpg|thumb|180x180px|Alamar da wasu suka sa don nuna rashin amincewa da yakin Gillick a farkon shekarun 1980. A nan, kiran zuwa "Reverse Gillick" yana nufin juyar da hukuncin Kotun daukaka kara, ba hukuncin da ya biyo baya na House of Lords wanda ya soke shi ba.]] '''Gillick ƙwarewa''' kalma ce da ta samo asali a Ingila da Wales kuma ana amfani da ita a cikin dokar kiwon lafiya don yanke shawara ko yaro (mutumin da ba shi da shekaru 16) zai iya yarda da maganin kansa, ba tare da buƙatar izinin iyaye ko ilimi ba. Matsayin ya dogara ne akan hukuncin shari'a na 1985 na House of Lords game da shari'ar shawarar [[Kulawar haihuwa|hana daukar ciki]] da likitan NHS ya bayar a ''Gillick v West Norfolk da Wisbech Area Health Authority'' . <ref name="1985case">{{Cite web |date=1985 |title=Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech AHA [1985] UKHL 7 |url=http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1985/7.html |access-date=19 February 2017 |website=British and Irish Legal Information Institute}}</ref> Shari'ar tana da ɗaurewa a Ingila da Wales, kuma an karbe ta daban-daban a Ostiraliya, Kanada, da New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Gillick and the Consent of Minors: Contraceptive Advice and Treatment in New Zealand |url=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/journals/VUWLawRw/2009/38.pdf |access-date=19 February 2017 |website=Victoria University of Wellington Law Review }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lennings |first=Nicholas J. |date=13 July 2015 |title=Are competent children autonomous medical decision makers? New developments in Australia |journal=Journal of Law and the Biosciences |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=459–468 |doi=10.1093/jlb/lsv028 |pmc=5034372 |pmid=27774207 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An yi irin wannan tanadi a Scotland ta hanyar Dokar Shekarar Shari'a (Scotland) ta 1991. A Arewacin Ireland, kodayake dokoki daban-daban sun shafi, Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a ta lokacin ta bayyana cewa babu wani dalili da zai yi zaton cewa kotunan Arewacin Ireland ba za su bi shawarar House of Lords ba. == Shawarwarin Gillick == Shari'ar Gillick ta haɗa da wata sanarwa ta sashen kiwon lafiya da ke ba da shawara ga likitoci game da [[Kulawar haihuwa|hana daukar ciki]] ga mutanen da ba su kai shekara 16 ba. Takardar ta bayyana cewa takardar maganin hana daukar ciki lamari ne ga ikon likita kuma ana iya ba da su ga 'yan kasa da shekaru 16 ba tare da yardar iyaye ba. An gabatar da wannan al'amari saboda Victoria Gillick ta gudanar da kamfen din da yaƙi da manufofin. Gillick ta nemi wata sanarwa cewa ba da maganin hana daukar ciki ba bisa ka'ida ba ne saboda likita zai aikata laifi na karfafa jima'i da ƙarami kuma zai zama magani ba tare da yardar da aka ba wa iyaye ba; ba ta yi nasara a gaban Babban Kotun Shari'a ba, amma ta yi nasara ba a Kotun daukaka kara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=1983: Mother loses contraception test case |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/26/newsid_2499000/2499583.stm |access-date=19 February 2017 |website=On this day |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Batun da ke gaban House of Lords shine kawai ko ƙaramin da ke da hannu zai iya ba da izini. "Jima'i" a nan an yi la'akari da shi a cikin ma'anar yarda da batir ko hari: idan babu yarda da haƙuri ga magani, likita, koda kuwa yana da kyakkyawar niyya, ana iya gurfanar da shi / tuhuma. Majalisar Lords ta mayar da hankali kan batun yarda maimakon ra'ayin 'yancin iyaye' ko ikon iyaye. A zahiri, kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa 'yancin iyaye' bai wanzu ba, ban da kare mafi kyawun bukatun ƙarami. Yawancin sun yi imanin cewa a wasu yanayi ƙarami na iya yarda da magani, kuma a cikin waɗannan yanayi iyaye ba su da ikon veto magani, gina kan hukuncin da Ubangiji Denning ya yi a cikin ''Hewer da Bryant'' cewa Hakkin iyaye yana raguwa yayin da shekarun yaro ke ƙaruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Willow |first=Carolyne |date=21 December 2021 |title=Children's rights legal digest – December 2021 |url=https://article39.org.uk/2021/12/21/childrens-rights-legal-digest-december-2021/ |website=Article 39}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 1985 |title=Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority and another |url=https://www.globalhealthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/HL-1985-Gillick-v.-West-Norfolk-and-Wisbech-Area-Health-Authority-and-Anr..pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Christopher |date=June 2010 |title=The legal framework empowering children under 19 to make decisions in relation to their medical treatment examined through the prism of international human rights obligations |url=https://www.medicalandlegal.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/The-legal-framework-empowering-children-under-18-to-make-decisions-in-relation-to-their-medical-treatment-examined-through-the-prism-of-international-human-rights-obligations..pdf |website=CA Stone Medical And Legal}}</ref> Lord Scarman da Lord Fraser sun ba da shawarar gwaje-gwaje daban-daban (Lord Bridge ya yarda da duka biyun). Ana ɗaukar gwajin Ubangiji Scarman a matsayin gwajin 'ƙwarewar Gillick'. Ya buƙaci cewa yaro zai iya yarda idan sun fahimci cikakkiyar maganin da aka ba da shawarar:   Hukuncin yana da mahimmancin tasiri ga haƙƙin shari'a na kananan yara a Ingila saboda ya fi girma fiye da yardar likita kawai. Ya nuna cewa ikon iyaye na yanke shawara ga kananan 'ya'yansu ba cikakke ba ne, amma yana raguwa tare da ci gaban yaro. Sakamakon Gillick shine cewa a Ingila da Wales a yau, sai dai a cikin yanayin da doka ta tsara, haƙƙin doka don yanke shawara a kan kowane al'amari game da yaro ya canza daga iyaye zuwa yaro lokacin da yaron ya kai isasshen balaga don ya iya yin tunanin kansa akan batun da ke buƙatar yanke shawara. == Abubuwan da suka biyo baya == Yaron da aka dauka "Gillick mai ƙwarewa" yana iya hana iyayensu kallon bayanan likitancinsu. Don haka ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ba za su bayyana bayanan kiwon lafiya na yaro wanda aka dauka "Gillick mai cancanta" sai dai idan yarda ta bayyana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief guide: capacity and competence to consent in under 18s |url=https://www.cqc.org.uk/sites/default/files/Brief_guide_Capacity_and_consent_in_under_18s%20v3.pdf |access-date=29 April 2020 |website=CQC}}</ref> A mafi yawan hukunce-hukuncen mahaifan ƙaramin ƙarami ba su da ikon yarda da jiyya, ko da kuwa gwajin Gillick. Matsayi na yau da kullun na 'yanci yana tasowa lokacin da ƙaramin ya yi aure (R v D [1984] AC 778, 791) ko a cikin soja. == Jagororin Fraser == Yana da doka ga likitoci su ba da shawara da magani ba tare da yardar iyaye ba idan aka cika wasu ka'idoji. Wadannan ka'idoji, waɗanda aka sani da jagororin Fraser, Lord Fraser ne ya kafa su a cikin shawarar Gillick kuma suna buƙatar ƙwararren ya gamsu da cewa: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=A Cornock |first=Marc |date=July 2007 |title=Fraser guidelines or Gillick competence? |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/15910/1/Cornock_-_Fraser_guidelines_article.pdf |journal=Journal of Children's and Young People's Nursing |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=142 |doi=10.12968/jcyn.2007.1.3.24114}}</ref> * saurayi zai fahimci shawarar kwararre; * ba za a iya shawo kan saurayi ya sanar da iyayensa ba; * saurayi na iya fara, ko ci gaba da yin jima'i tare da ko ba tare da maganin hana haihuwa ba. * sai dai idan matashin ya sami maganin hana daukar ciki, lafiyar jikinsu ko tunanin su, ko duka biyun, na iya shan wahala. * mafi kyawun sha'awar saurayi yana buƙatar su sami shawarar hana daukar ciki ko magani tare da ko ba tare da yardar iyaye ba.   == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tqz3z096sggcqdx0qy1timo7t1swdgd 0 108938 887959 887565 2026-07-27T05:02:08Z Mahuta 11340 887959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Multiple image|caption_align=centre}} '''Yan Yaƙin Neman Yancin Tattalin Arziki''' ( '''EFF''' ) jam'iyyar [[Kwaminisanci|gumurzu ce]] [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma baƙar fata jam'iyyar siyasa. An kafa ta ne don korar tsohon shugaban kungiyar matasa na African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) [[Julius Malema]], da abokansa, a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2013. Malema shi ne shugaban EFF, wanda ke jagorantar Tawagar Runduna ta Tsakiya, wacce ke aiki a matsayin babban tsarin jam'iyyar. A halin yanzu ita ce jam'iyya ta huɗu mafi girma a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|majalisar dokokin ƙasar]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa election: ANC forced into coalition as it loses votes to Zuma's MK - as it happened |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-69076473 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref> === Gidauniya da tarihin farko === A cikin shekara ta 2015, EFF ta dakatar da MP Lucky Twala kuma ta kori 'yan majalisa uku, Mpho Ramakatsa, [[Andile Mngxitama]] da [[Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala]]. Mngxitama ya kafa jam'iyyarsa, mai suna [[Black First Land]] First (BLF), yayin da Litchfield-Tshabalala ya shiga United Democratic Movement. Tsoffin mambobi na Malema sun zarge shi da kawar da masu sukar sa don karfafa ikonsa, don haka ya mallaki jam'iyyar shi kadai da hannunsa na ƙarfe. Malema ya amince da wannan zargi a taron manema labarai kuma ya ci gaba da cewa ya kamata jam'iyyar ta fitar da wasu mambobin da ba su da horo. === Ayyukan baya-bayan nan === A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, EFF ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta sami karar Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki don kamfen din "#PayBackTheMoney" a kan Jacob Zuma. An saurari karar ne a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu shekara ta 2016. Babban Alkalin Mogoeng Mogoeng ne ya fitar da hukuncin kuma ya bayyana cewa Shugaban kasar na lokacin ya keta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu, tare da Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki Baleka Mbete. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH: Full Nkandla ConCourt judgment |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404055655/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |website=Business Day Live}}</ref> An ba Shugaban tsawon kwanaki 60 don cika bukatun Mai Tsaron Jama'a Thuli Madonsela. A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2018, EFF ta gabatar da wani yunkuri a Majalisar Dokokin Kasa don yin gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki don ba da izinin kwace ƙasa ba tare da diyya ba. Shirin, wanda shugaban EFF [[Julius Malema]] ya kawo, an karbe shi tare da kuri'un magoya baya kimanin 241, da kimanin guda 83 a kan. Jam'iyyun da kawai ba su goyi bayan motsi ba sune Democratic Alliance, Freedom Front Plus, Congress of the People da ACDP. Kashe ƙasa yana ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙai bakwai na EFF. A cikin shekarar 2018, reshen ɗaliban jam'iyyar, Kwamitin Dalibai na EFF ya zo na farko a zaɓen Majalisar Wakilai ta Dalibai da yawa, inda ya kayar da Kungiyar Dalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu (ANC) a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban]], [[Jami'ar Zululand]] da Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki ta Mangosuthu. Sun kuma lashe a Cape Town, Gundumar shida, Mowbray da Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) tare da nasarar da aka samu. Sun kuma lashe [[Jami'ar Cape Town]]. [[Peter Keetse]], shugaban EFFSC, ya ce nasarar ta kasance gargadi ga abin da zai faru a babban zaben kasa na shekarar 2019. Ya ce matasa sune masu tasiri na nan gaba: "wannan alama ce ta abin da za a bi". A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023 jam'iyyar ta yi ƙoƙari ta shirya rufewar kasa don nuna rashin amincewa da raguwa da kuma kiran Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] ya sauka. An bayar da rahoton rufewar a ko'ina kamar yadda ba ta da tasiri<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Wagiet |first=Rafiq |date=20 March 2023 |title=EFF National Shutdown: Did it have the desired effect? No, is the answer... |url=https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/469368/eff-national-shutdown-did-it-have-the-desired-effect-no-is-the-answer |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=CapeTalk |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Rebecca |date=2023-03-20 |title=ANALYSIS: Gaslighters-in-Chief: The true meaning of the EFF's big national fizzle |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-03-20-gaslighters-in-chief-the-true-meaning-of-the-effs-big-national-fizzle/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Felix |first=Jason |title=Malema hints EFF shutdown low turn-out due to canceled buses, ANC thanks SA for not joining marches |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/malema-hints-eff-shutdown-low-turn-out-due-to-canceled-buses-anc-thanks-sa-for-not-joining-marches-20230320 |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ta haɗa da lokuta da yawa na labaran da baa tabbatar da sahihancin su ba (wato bogi) da magoya bayan jam'iyyar suka yada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mashigo |first=Lehlohonolo |date=2023-03-21 |title=DA's Solly Malatsi says 'national shutdown' was a mountain that gave birth to a mouse |url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/da-s-solly-malatsi-says-national-shutdown-was-a-mountain-that-gave-birth-to-a-mouse/ar-AA18TuHp |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=MSN |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkanjeni |first=Unathi |title=Electricity minister denies EFF's 'national shutdown' had anything to do with load-shedding suspension |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2023-03-22-electricity-minister-denies-effs-national-shutdown-had-anything-to-do-with-load-shedding-suspension/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PesaCheck |date=2023-03-30 |title=FALSE: The Economic Freedom Fighters did not stop load shedding |url=https://pesacheck.org/false-the-economic-freedom-fighters-did-not-stop-load-shedding-8593940c2e3a |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yuni na shekara ta 2024, EFF ta ki amincewa da shiga cikin gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (GNU) da ke karkashin jagorancin ANC, saboda Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance (DA) da Freedom Front Plus (FF+) a cikin hadin gwiwa. A watan Agusta na shekara ta 2024, mataimakin shugaban EFF [[Floyd Shivambu]] ya bar jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar UMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK) ta tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma|Jacob Zuma's]]. Dangane da binciken Ipsos na Nuwamba a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013, magoya bayan jam'iyyar sun fi matsakaici, tare da kashi 49% suna ƙasa da 24, yawan baƙar fata (99%) kuma galibi maza ne, tare da mata suna wakiltar kashi 33% kawai na tushen tallafi. Yawancin magoya baya suna zaune a Lardin Malema na Limpopo (28%), yayin da kashi 1% kawai ke zaune a KwaZulu-Natal, lardin da yana da rinjaye wajen yawan jama'a.<ref name="ipsos">{{Cite web |title=The supporter profiles of SA's three largest parties |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022154/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=6 February 2014 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref> Binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta kamfanin binciken zamantakewa na Citizen Surveys ya gano cewa kusan kashi 70% na magoya bayan EFF suna tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 34, yawanci baƙar fata (97%), galibi suna zaune ne a manyan biranen (48%), galibi maza (62%) tare da kimanin kashi 43% na tushen goyon bayansu da ke cikin Lardin Gauteng.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2018 |title=Citizen Surveys: How many white EFF supporters exist, and 11 other stats |url=https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930155418/https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=Citizen Surveys |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana zaton jam'iyyar za ta yi tasiri matuka a Babban zaben 2014, ta dauke kimanin kashi 4 cikin 100 da kashi 8 cikin 100 na kuri'un kasa. Wannan ya isa ga jam'iyyar ta riƙe ma'auni na iko a larduna inda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka ke cikin haɗarin rasa mafi rinjaye. ANC ta riƙe mafi rinjaye yayin da EFF ta samu kashi 6.35% na kuri'un a zaben shekara ta dubu biyu da sha hudu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=ANC wins 249 seats |url=http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215131/http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> == Gidauniyar bada tallafi da manyan shuwagabanni == {{Multiple image|caption_align=centre}} '''Yan Yaƙin Neman Yancin Tattalin Arziki''' ( '''EFF''' ) jam'iyyar [[Kwaminisanci|gumurzu ce]] [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma baƙar fata jam'iyyar siyasa. An kafa ta ne don korar tsohon shugaban kungiyar matasa na African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) [[Julius Malema]], da abokansa, a ranar 26 ga Yuli 2013. Malema shi ne shugaban EFF, wanda ke jagorantar Tawagar Runduna ta Tsakiya, wacce ke aiki a matsayin babban tsarin jam'iyyar. A halin yanzu ita ce jam'iyya ta huɗu mafi girma a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|majalisar dokokin ƙasar]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa election: ANC forced into coalition as it loses votes to Zuma's MK - as it happened |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-69076473 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref> === Gidauniya da tarihin farko === A cikin shekara ta 2015, EFF ta dakatar da MP Lucky Twala kuma ta kori 'yan majalisa uku, Mpho Ramakatsa, [[Andile Mngxitama]] da [[Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala]]. Mngxitama ya kafa jam'iyyarsa, mai suna [[Black First Land]] First (BLF), yayin da Litchfield-Tshabalala ya shiga United Democratic Movement. Tsoffin mambobi na Malema sun zarge shi da kawar da masu sukar sa don karfafa ikonsa, don haka ya mallaki jam'iyyar shi kadai da hannunsa na ƙarfe. Malema ya amince da wannan zargi a taron manema labarai kuma ya ci gaba da cewa ya kamata jam'iyyar ta fitar da wasu mambobin da ba su da horo. === Ayyukan baya-bayan nan === A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, EFF ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta sami karar Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki don kamfen din "#PayBackTheMoney" a kan Jacob Zuma. An saurari karar ne a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu shekara ta 2016. Babban Alkalin Mogoeng Mogoeng ne ya fitar da hukuncin kuma ya bayyana cewa Shugaban kasar na lokacin ya keta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu, tare da Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki Baleka Mbete . <ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH: Full Nkandla ConCourt judgment |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404055655/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |website=Business Day Live}}</ref> An ba Shugaban tsawon kwanaki 60 don cika bukatun Mai Tsaron Jama'a Thuli Madonsela. A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2018, EFF ta gabatar da wani yunkuri a Majalisar Dokokin Kasa don yin gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki don ba da izinin kwace ƙasa ba tare da diyya ba. Shirin, wanda shugaban EFF [[Julius Malema]] ya kawo, an karbe shi tare da kuri'un magoya baya kimanin 241, da kimanin guda 83 a kan. Jam'iyyun da kawai ba su goyi bayan motsi ba sune Democratic Alliance, Freedom Front Plus, Congress of the People da ACDP. Kashe ƙasa yana ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙai bakwai na EFF. A cikin shekarar 2018, reshen ɗaliban jam'iyyar, Kwamitin Dalibai na EFF ya zo na farko a zaɓen Majalisar Wakilai ta Dalibai da yawa, inda ya kayar da Kungiyar Dalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu (ANC) a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban]], [[Jami'ar Zululand]] da Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki ta Mangosuthu . Sun kuma lashe a Cape Town, Gundumar shida, Mowbray da Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) tare da nasarar da aka samu. Sun kuma lashe [[Jami'ar Cape Town]]. [[Peter Keetse]], shugaban EFFSC, ya ce nasarar ta kasance gargadi ga abin da zai faru a babban zaben kasa na shekarar 2019. Ya ce matasa sune masu tasiri na nan gaba: "wannan alama ce ta abin da za a bi". A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023 jam'iyyar ta yi ƙoƙari ta shirya rufewar kasa don nuna rashin amincewa da raguwa da kuma kiran Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] ya sauka. An bayar da rahoton rufewar a ko'ina kamar yadda ba ta da tasiri<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Wagiet |first=Rafiq |date=20 March 2023 |title=EFF National Shutdown: Did it have the desired effect? No, is the answer... |url=https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/469368/eff-national-shutdown-did-it-have-the-desired-effect-no-is-the-answer |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=CapeTalk |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Rebecca |date=2023-03-20 |title=ANALYSIS: Gaslighters-in-Chief: The true meaning of the EFF's big national fizzle |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-03-20-gaslighters-in-chief-the-true-meaning-of-the-effs-big-national-fizzle/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Felix |first=Jason |title=Malema hints EFF shutdown low turn-out due to canceled buses, ANC thanks SA for not joining marches |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/malema-hints-eff-shutdown-low-turn-out-due-to-canceled-buses-anc-thanks-sa-for-not-joining-marches-20230320 |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ta haɗa da lokuta da yawa na labaran da baa tabbatar da sahihancin su ba (wato bogi) da magoya bayan jam'iyyar suka yada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mashigo |first=Lehlohonolo |date=2023-03-21 |title=DA's Solly Malatsi says 'national shutdown' was a mountain that gave birth to a mouse |url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/da-s-solly-malatsi-says-national-shutdown-was-a-mountain-that-gave-birth-to-a-mouse/ar-AA18TuHp |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=MSN |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkanjeni |first=Unathi |title=Electricity minister denies EFF's 'national shutdown' had anything to do with load-shedding suspension |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2023-03-22-electricity-minister-denies-effs-national-shutdown-had-anything-to-do-with-load-shedding-suspension/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PesaCheck |date=2023-03-30 |title=FALSE: The Economic Freedom Fighters did not stop load shedding |url=https://pesacheck.org/false-the-economic-freedom-fighters-did-not-stop-load-shedding-8593940c2e3a |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yuni na shekara ta 2024, EFF ta ki amincewa da shiga cikin gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (GNU) da ke karkashin jagorancin ANC, saboda Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance (DA) da Freedom Front Plus (FF+) a cikin hadin gwiwa. A watan Agusta na shekara ta 2024, mataimakin shugaban EFF [[Floyd Shivambu]] ya bar jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar UMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK) ta tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma|Jacob Zuma's]]. Dangane da binciken Ipsos na Nuwamba a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013, magoya bayan jam'iyyar sun fi matsakaici, tare da kashi 49% suna ƙasa da 24, yawan baƙar fata (99%) kuma galibi maza ne, tare da mata suna wakiltar kashi 33% kawai na tushen tallafi. Yawancin magoya baya suna zaune a Lardin Malema na Limpopo (28%), yayin da kashi 1% kawai ke zaune a KwaZulu-Natal, lardin da yana da rinjaye wajen yawan jama'a.<ref name="ipsos">{{Cite web |title=The supporter profiles of SA's three largest parties |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022154/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=6 February 2014 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref> Binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta kamfanin binciken zamantakewa na Citizen Surveys ya gano cewa kusan kashi 70% na magoya bayan EFF suna tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 34, yawanci baƙar fata (97%), galibi suna zaune ne a manyan biranen (48%), galibi maza (62%) tare da kimanin kashi 43% na tushen goyon bayansu da ke cikin Lardin Gauteng.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2018 |title=Citizen Surveys: How many white EFF supporters exist, and 11 other stats |url=https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930155418/https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=Citizen Surveys |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana zaton jam'iyyar za ta yi tasiri matuka a Babban zaben 2014, ta dauke kimanin kashi 4 cikin 100 da kashi 8 cikin 100 na kuri'un kasa. Wannan ya isa ga jam'iyyar ta riƙe ma'auni na iko a larduna inda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka ke cikin haɗarin rasa mafi rinjaye. ANC ta riƙe mafi rinjaye yayin da EFF ta samu kashi 6.35% na kuri'un a zaben shekara ta dubu biyu da sha hudu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=ANC wins 249 seats |url=http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215131/http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Manyan mambobi na Babban Kwamitin Tsakiya sun hada da [[Fana Mokoena]] da tsohon memba [[Mbuyiseni Ndlozi]] (Mai magana da yawun kasar) wanda ya yi murabus a watan Fabrairu shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyar 2025. <ref name="EFF Central Command">{{Cite web |last=Economic Freedom Fighters |title=Central Command Team |url=http://www.effonline.org/structure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812200344/http://effighters.org.za/structure/officials/ |archive-date=12 August 2013 |access-date=21 April 2018 |publisher=effonline.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Erasmus |first=Des |date=2025-02-10 |title=Mbuyiseni Ndlozi resigns from EFF |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Njilo |first=Nonkululeko |date=2025-02-10 |title=Mbuyiseni Ndlozi resigns from EFF, shifts focus to academia |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff-shifts-focus-to-academia-and-civil-society/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Dan kasuwa mai rikitarwa [[Kenny Kunene]] ya shiga kungiyar Central Command Team a watan Yulin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 kafin ya yi murabus daga kungiyar Central Command a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 kuma daga kungiyar a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2013. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba na shekaran 2013, an ba da sanarwar cewa [[Dali Mpofu]] ya bar [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] (ANC) bayan shekaru 33 na zama memba kuma ya shiga EFF.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2013 |title=Dali Mpofu joins EFF – Cape Times |url=http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233822/http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg |archive-date=2 December 2013 |access-date=23 November 2013 |publisher=IOL.co.za}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da uku 2023, tsohon memba na ANC kuma shugaban [[Carl Niehaus|Areta]] [[Carl Niehaus]] ya shiga EFF.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carl Niehaus joins EFF |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/carl-niehaus-joins-eff-556bc93f-05cf-4648-a5ef-842b6f63db8b |access-date=3 August 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta shekara ta 2024 shugaban EFF Julius Malema ya sanar da magoya bayan jam'iyyar a Soweto cewa Sinawo Tambo zai maye gurbin tsohon mataimakin kuma memba na majalisa Floyd Shivambu a majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EFF's Sinawo Thambo replaces Shivambu in Parliament following resignation |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/effs-sinawo-thambo-replaces-shivambu-in-parliament-following-resignation-3d31ed80-c866-4cc3-9932-0b54ec9d4521 |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> == Gidauniyar bada tallafi da manyan shuwagabanni == {{Multiple image|caption_align=centre}} '''Yan Yaƙin Neman Yancin Tattalin Arziki''' ( '''EFF''' ) jam'iyyar [[Kwaminisanci|gumurzu ce]] [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma baƙar fata jam'iyyar siyasa. An kafa ta ne don korar tsohon shugaban kungiyar matasa na African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) [[Julius Malema]], da abokansa, a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2013. Malema shi ne shugaban EFF, wanda ke jagorantar Tawagar Runduna ta Tsakiya, wacce ke aiki a matsayin babban tsarin jam'iyyar. A halin yanzu ita ce jam'iyya ta huɗu mafi girma a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|majalisar dokokin ƙasar]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa election: ANC forced into coalition as it loses votes to Zuma's MK - as it happened |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-69076473 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref> === Gidauniya da tarihin farko === A cikin shekara ta 2015, EFF ta dakatar da MP Lucky Twala kuma ta kori 'yan majalisa uku, Mpho Ramakatsa, [[Andile Mngxitama]] da [[Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala]] . Mngxitama ya kafa jam'iyyarsa, mai suna [[Black First Land]] First (BLF), yayin da Litchfield-Tshabalala ya shiga United Democratic Movement. Tsoffin mambobi na Malema sun zarge shi da kawar da masu sukar sa don karfafa ikonsa, don haka ya mallaki jam'iyyar shi kadai da hannunsa na ƙarfe. Malema ya amince da wannan zargi a taron manema labarai kuma ya ci gaba da cewa ya kamata jam'iyyar ta fitar da wasu mambobin da ba su da horo. === Ayyukan baya-bayan nan === A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, EFF ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta sami karar Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki don kamfen din "#PayBackTheMoney" a kan Jacob Zuma. An saurari karar ne a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu shekara ta 2016. Babban Alkalin Mogoeng Mogoeng ne ya fitar da hukuncin kuma ya bayyana cewa Shugaban kasar na lokacin ya keta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu, tare da Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki Baleka Mbete . <ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH: Full Nkandla ConCourt judgment |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404055655/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |website=Business Day Live}}</ref> An ba Shugaban tsawon kwanaki 60 don cika bukatun Mai Tsaron Jama'a Thuli Madonsela. A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2018, EFF ta gabatar da wani yunkuri a Majalisar Dokokin Kasa don yin gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki don ba da izinin kwace ƙasa ba tare da diyya ba. Shirin, wanda shugaban EFF [[Julius Malema]] ya kawo, an karbe shi tare da kuri'un magoya baya kimanin 241, da kimanin guda 83 a kan. Jam'iyyun da kawai ba su goyi bayan motsi ba sune Democratic Alliance, Freedom Front Plus, Congress of the People da ACDP. Kashe ƙasa yana ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙai bakwai na EFF. A cikin shekarar 2018, reshen ɗaliban jam'iyyar, Kwamitin Dalibai na EFF ya zo na farko a zaɓen Majalisar Wakilai ta Dalibai da yawa, inda ya kayar da Kungiyar Dalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu (ANC) a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban]], [[Jami'ar Zululand]] da Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki ta Mangosuthu . Sun kuma lashe a Cape Town, Gundumar shida, Mowbray da Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) tare da nasarar da aka samu. Sun kuma lashe [[Jami'ar Cape Town]]. [[Peter Keetse]], shugaban EFFSC, ya ce nasarar ta kasance gargadi ga abin da zai faru a babban zaben kasa na shekarar 2019. Ya ce matasa sune masu tasiri na nan gaba: "wannan alama ce ta abin da za a bi". A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023 jam'iyyar ta yi ƙoƙari ta shirya rufewar kasa don nuna rashin amincewa da raguwa da kuma kiran Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] ya sauka. An bayar da rahoton rufewar a ko'ina kamar yadda ba ta da tasiri<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Wagiet |first=Rafiq |date=20 March 2023 |title=EFF National Shutdown: Did it have the desired effect? No, is the answer... |url=https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/469368/eff-national-shutdown-did-it-have-the-desired-effect-no-is-the-answer |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=CapeTalk |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Rebecca |date=2023-03-20 |title=ANALYSIS: Gaslighters-in-Chief: The true meaning of the EFF's big national fizzle |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-03-20-gaslighters-in-chief-the-true-meaning-of-the-effs-big-national-fizzle/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Felix |first=Jason |title=Malema hints EFF shutdown low turn-out due to canceled buses, ANC thanks SA for not joining marches |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/malema-hints-eff-shutdown-low-turn-out-due-to-canceled-buses-anc-thanks-sa-for-not-joining-marches-20230320 |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ta haɗa da lokuta da yawa na labaran da baa tabbatar da sahihancin su ba (wato bogi) da magoya bayan jam'iyyar suka yada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mashigo |first=Lehlohonolo |date=2023-03-21 |title=DA's Solly Malatsi says 'national shutdown' was a mountain that gave birth to a mouse |url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/da-s-solly-malatsi-says-national-shutdown-was-a-mountain-that-gave-birth-to-a-mouse/ar-AA18TuHp |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=MSN |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkanjeni |first=Unathi |title=Electricity minister denies EFF's 'national shutdown' had anything to do with load-shedding suspension |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2023-03-22-electricity-minister-denies-effs-national-shutdown-had-anything-to-do-with-load-shedding-suspension/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PesaCheck |date=2023-03-30 |title=FALSE: The Economic Freedom Fighters did not stop load shedding |url=https://pesacheck.org/false-the-economic-freedom-fighters-did-not-stop-load-shedding-8593940c2e3a |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yuni na shekara ta 2024, EFF ta ki amincewa da shiga cikin gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (GNU) da ke karkashin jagorancin ANC, saboda Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance (DA) da Freedom Front Plus (FF+) a cikin hadin gwiwa. A watan Agusta na shekara ta 2024, mataimakin shugaban EFF [[Floyd Shivambu]] ya bar jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar UMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK) ta tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma|Jacob Zuma's]]. Dangane da binciken Ipsos na Nuwamba a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013, magoya bayan jam'iyyar sun fi matsakaici, tare da kashi 49% suna ƙasa da 24, yawan baƙar fata (99%) kuma galibi maza ne, tare da mata suna wakiltar kashi 33% kawai na tushen tallafi. Yawancin magoya baya suna zaune a Lardin Malema na Limpopo (28%), yayin da kashi 1% kawai ke zaune a KwaZulu-Natal, lardin da yana da rinjaye wajen yawan jama'a.<ref name="ipsos">{{Cite web |title=The supporter profiles of SA's three largest parties |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022154/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=6 February 2014 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref> Binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta kamfanin binciken zamantakewa na Citizen Surveys ya gano cewa kusan kashi 70% na magoya bayan EFF suna tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 34, yawanci baƙar fata (97%), galibi suna zaune ne a manyan biranen (48%), galibi maza (62%) tare da kimanin kashi 43% na tushen goyon bayansu da ke cikin Lardin Gauteng.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2018 |title=Citizen Surveys: How many white EFF supporters exist, and 11 other stats |url=https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930155418/https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=Citizen Surveys |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana zaton jam'iyyar za ta yi tasiri matuka a Babban zaben 2014, ta dauke kimanin kashi 4 cikin 100 da kashi 8 cikin 100 na kuri'un kasa. Wannan ya isa ga jam'iyyar ta riƙe ma'auni na iko a larduna inda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka ke cikin haɗarin rasa mafi rinjaye. ANC ta riƙe mafi rinjaye yayin da EFF ta samu kashi 6.35% na kuri'un a zaben shekara ta dubu biyu da sha hudu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=ANC wins 249 seats |url=http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215131/http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Manyan mambobi na Babban Kwamitin Tsakiya sun hada da [[Fana Mokoena]] da tsohon memba [[Mbuyiseni Ndlozi]] (Mai magana da yawun kasar) wanda ya yi murabus a watan Fabrairu shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyar 2025. <ref name="EFF Central Command">{{Cite web |last=Economic Freedom Fighters |title=Central Command Team |url=http://www.effonline.org/structure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812200344/http://effighters.org.za/structure/officials/ |archive-date=12 August 2013 |access-date=21 April 2018 |publisher=effonline.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Erasmus |first=Des |date=2025-02-10 |title=Mbuyiseni Ndlozi resigns from EFF |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Njilo |first=Nonkululeko |date=2025-02-10 |title=Mbuyiseni Ndlozi resigns from EFF, shifts focus to academia |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff-shifts-focus-to-academia-and-civil-society/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Dan kasuwa mai rikitarwa [[Kenny Kunene]] ya shiga kungiyar Central Command Team a watan Yulin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 kafin ya yi murabus daga kungiyar Central Command a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 kuma daga kungiyar a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2013. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba na shekaran 2013, an ba da sanarwar cewa [[Dali Mpofu]] ya bar [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] (ANC) bayan shekaru 33 na zama memba kuma ya shiga EFF.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2013 |title=Dali Mpofu joins EFF – Cape Times |url=http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233822/http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg |archive-date=2 December 2013 |access-date=23 November 2013 |publisher=IOL.co.za}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da uku 2023, tsohon memba na ANC kuma shugaban [[Carl Niehaus|Areta]] [[Carl Niehaus]] ya shiga EFF.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carl Niehaus joins EFF |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/carl-niehaus-joins-eff-556bc93f-05cf-4648-a5ef-842b6f63db8b |access-date=3 August 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta shekara ta 2024 shugaban EFF Julius Malema ya sanar da magoya bayan jam'iyyar a Soweto cewa Sinawo Tambo zai maye gurbin tsohon mataimakin kuma memba na majalisa Floyd Shivambu a majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EFF's Sinawo Thambo replaces Shivambu in Parliament following resignation |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/effs-sinawo-thambo-replaces-shivambu-in-parliament-following-resignation-3d31ed80-c866-4cc3-9932-0b54ec9d4521 |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> === Yankin neman yanci na ɗalibai === Kwamitin Dalibai na Yaki da 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki (EFFSC) shi ne reshen dalibai na jam'iyyar, wanda aka kafa a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni shekara ta dubu biyu da sha biyar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mabasa |first=Nkateko |date=4 October 2018 |title=RISE OF THE EFF YOUTH: EFF Students Command brigades take university SRC elections by storm |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-10-05-eff-students-command-brigades-take-university-src-elections-by-storm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803124531/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-10-05-eff-students-command-brigades-take-university-src-elections-by-storm/ |archive-date=3 August 2020 |access-date=24 April 2020 |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Riddle |first=Samantha |date=23 January 2019 |title=EFF student command secretary, Aseza Mayaphi, arrested for wearing SANDF uniform |url=https://briefly.co.za/22664-eff-student-command-secretary-aseza-mayaphi-arrested-wearing-sandf-uniform.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730213853/https://briefly.co.za/22664-eff-student-command-secretary-aseza-mayaphi-arrested-wearing-sandf-uniform.html |archive-date=30 July 2020 |access-date=24 April 2020 |website=briefly.co.za}}</ref> Yana bita don Ilimi kyauta, damar samun ilimi na duniya da kuma kawar da kudaden rajista, An rushe shi a hukumance a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2025 kuma an maye gurbinsa da sabon kwamandan matasa bayan ƙuduri da aka zartar a taron zaɓe na jam'iyyar a watan Disamba na shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da hudu 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goba |first=Thabiso |title=EFF officially dissolves student command, replaces it with youth command |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2025/02/03/eff-officially-dissolves-student-command-replaces-it-with-youth-command |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> == Gidauniyar bada tallafi da manyan shuwagabanni == {{Multiple image|caption_align=centre}} '''Yan Yaƙin Neman Yancin Tattalin Arziki''' ( '''EFF''' ) jam'iyyar [[Kwaminisanci|gumurzu ce]] [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma baƙar fata jam'iyyar siyasa. An kafa ta ne don korar tsohon shugaban kungiyar matasa na African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) [[Julius Malema]], da abokansa, a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2013. Malema shi ne shugaban EFF, wanda ke jagorantar Tawagar Runduna ta Tsakiya, wacce ke aiki a matsayin babban tsarin jam'iyyar. A halin yanzu ita ce jam'iyya ta huɗu mafi girma a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|majalisar dokokin ƙasar]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa election: ANC forced into coalition as it loses votes to Zuma's MK - as it happened |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-69076473 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref> === Gidauniya da tarihin farko === A cikin shekara ta 2015, EFF ta dakatar da MP Lucky Twala kuma ta kori 'yan majalisa uku, Mpho Ramakatsa, [[Andile Mngxitama]] da [[Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala]]. Mngxitama ya kafa jam'iyyarsa, mai suna [[Black First Land]] First (BLF), yayin da Litchfield-Tshabalala ya shiga United Democratic Movement. Tsoffin mambobi na Malema sun zarge shi da kawar da masu sukar sa don karfafa ikonsa, don haka ya mallaki jam'iyyar shi kadai da hannunsa na ƙarfe. Malema ya amince da wannan zargi a taron manema labarai kuma ya ci gaba da cewa ya kamata jam'iyyar ta fitar da wasu mambobin da ba su da horo. === Ayyukan baya-bayan nan === A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, EFF ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta sami karar Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki don kamfen din "#PayBackTheMoney" a kan Jacob Zuma. An saurari karar ne a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu shekara ta 2016. Babban Alkalin Mogoeng Mogoeng ne ya fitar da hukuncin kuma ya bayyana cewa Shugaban kasar na lokacin ya keta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu, tare da Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki Baleka Mbete . <ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH: Full Nkandla ConCourt judgment |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404055655/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |website=Business Day Live}}</ref> An ba Shugaban tsawon kwanaki 60 don cika bukatun Mai Tsaron Jama'a Thuli Madonsela. A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2018, EFF ta gabatar da wani yunkuri a Majalisar Dokokin Kasa don yin gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki don ba da izinin kwace ƙasa ba tare da diyya ba. Shirin, wanda shugaban EFF [[Julius Malema]] ya kawo, an karbe shi tare da kuri'un magoya baya kimanin 241, da kimanin guda 83 a kan. Jam'iyyun da kawai ba su goyi bayan motsi ba sune Democratic Alliance, Freedom Front Plus, Congress of the People da ACDP. Kashe ƙasa yana ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙai bakwai na EFF. A cikin shekarar 2018, reshen ɗaliban jam'iyyar, Kwamitin Dalibai na EFF ya zo na farko a zaɓen Majalisar Wakilai ta Dalibai da yawa, inda ya kayar da Kungiyar Dalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu (ANC) a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban]], [[Jami'ar Zululand]] da Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki ta Mangosuthu . Sun kuma lashe a Cape Town, Gundumar shida, Mowbray da Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) tare da nasarar da aka samu. Sun kuma lashe [[Jami'ar Cape Town]]. [[Peter Keetse]], shugaban EFFSC, ya ce nasarar ta kasance gargadi ga abin da zai faru a babban zaben kasa na shekarar 2019. Ya ce matasa sune masu tasiri na nan gaba: "wannan alama ce ta abin da za a bi". A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023 jam'iyyar ta yi ƙoƙari ta shirya rufewar kasa don nuna rashin amincewa da raguwa da kuma kiran Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] ya sauka. An bayar da rahoton rufewar a ko'ina kamar yadda ba ta da tasiri<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Wagiet |first=Rafiq |date=20 March 2023 |title=EFF National Shutdown: Did it have the desired effect? No, is the answer... |url=https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/469368/eff-national-shutdown-did-it-have-the-desired-effect-no-is-the-answer |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=CapeTalk |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Rebecca |date=2023-03-20 |title=ANALYSIS: Gaslighters-in-Chief: The true meaning of the EFF's big national fizzle |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-03-20-gaslighters-in-chief-the-true-meaning-of-the-effs-big-national-fizzle/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Felix |first=Jason |title=Malema hints EFF shutdown low turn-out due to canceled buses, ANC thanks SA for not joining marches |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/malema-hints-eff-shutdown-low-turn-out-due-to-canceled-buses-anc-thanks-sa-for-not-joining-marches-20230320 |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ta haɗa da lokuta da yawa na labaran da baa tabbatar da sahihancin su ba (wato bogi) da magoya bayan jam'iyyar suka yada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mashigo |first=Lehlohonolo |date=2023-03-21 |title=DA's Solly Malatsi says 'national shutdown' was a mountain that gave birth to a mouse |url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/da-s-solly-malatsi-says-national-shutdown-was-a-mountain-that-gave-birth-to-a-mouse/ar-AA18TuHp |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=MSN |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkanjeni |first=Unathi |title=Electricity minister denies EFF's 'national shutdown' had anything to do with load-shedding suspension |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2023-03-22-electricity-minister-denies-effs-national-shutdown-had-anything-to-do-with-load-shedding-suspension/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PesaCheck |date=2023-03-30 |title=FALSE: The Economic Freedom Fighters did not stop load shedding |url=https://pesacheck.org/false-the-economic-freedom-fighters-did-not-stop-load-shedding-8593940c2e3a |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yuni na shekara ta 2024, EFF ta ki amincewa da shiga cikin gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (GNU) da ke karkashin jagorancin ANC, saboda Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance (DA) da Freedom Front Plus (FF+) a cikin hadin gwiwa. A watan Agusta na shekara ta 2024, mataimakin shugaban EFF [[Floyd Shivambu]] ya bar jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar UMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK) ta tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma|Jacob Zuma's]]. Dangane da binciken Ipsos na Nuwamba a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013, magoya bayan jam'iyyar sun fi matsakaici, tare da kashi 49% suna ƙasa da 24, yawan baƙar fata (99%) kuma galibi maza ne, tare da mata suna wakiltar kashi 33% kawai na tushen tallafi. Yawancin magoya baya suna zaune a Lardin Malema na Limpopo (28%), yayin da kashi 1% kawai ke zaune a KwaZulu-Natal, lardin da yana da rinjaye wajen yawan jama'a.<ref name="ipsos">{{Cite web |title=The supporter profiles of SA's three largest parties |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022154/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=6 February 2014 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref> Binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta kamfanin binciken zamantakewa na Citizen Surveys ya gano cewa kusan kashi 70% na magoya bayan EFF suna tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 34, yawanci baƙar fata (97%), galibi suna zaune ne a manyan biranen (48%), galibi maza (62%) tare da kimanin kashi 43% na tushen goyon bayansu da ke cikin Lardin Gauteng.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2018 |title=Citizen Surveys: How many white EFF supporters exist, and 11 other stats |url=https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930155418/https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=Citizen Surveys |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana zaton jam'iyyar za ta yi tasiri matuka a Babban zaben 2014, ta dauke kimanin kashi 4 cikin 100 da kashi 8 cikin 100 na kuri'un kasa. Wannan ya isa ga jam'iyyar ta riƙe ma'auni na iko a larduna inda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka ke cikin haɗarin rasa mafi rinjaye. ANC ta riƙe mafi rinjaye yayin da EFF ta samu kashi 6.35% na kuri'un a zaben shekara ta dubu biyu da sha hudu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=ANC wins 249 seats |url=http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215131/http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Manyan mambobi na Babban Kwamitin Tsakiya sun hada da [[Fana Mokoena]] da tsohon memba [[Mbuyiseni Ndlozi]] (Mai magana da yawun kasar) wanda ya yi murabus a watan Fabrairu shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyar 2025. <ref name="EFF Central Command">{{Cite web |last=Economic Freedom Fighters |title=Central Command Team |url=http://www.effonline.org/structure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812200344/http://effighters.org.za/structure/officials/ |archive-date=12 August 2013 |access-date=21 April 2018 |publisher=effonline.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Erasmus |first=Des |date=2025-02-10 |title=Mbuyiseni Ndlozi resigns from EFF |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Njilo |first=Nonkululeko |date=2025-02-10 |title=Mbuyiseni Ndlozi resigns from EFF, shifts focus to academia |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff-shifts-focus-to-academia-and-civil-society/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Dan kasuwa mai rikitarwa [[Kenny Kunene]] ya shiga kungiyar Central Command Team a watan Yulin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 kafin ya yi murabus daga kungiyar Central Command a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 kuma daga kungiyar a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2013. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba na shekaran 2013, an ba da sanarwar cewa [[Dali Mpofu]] ya bar [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] (ANC) bayan shekaru 33 na zama memba kuma ya shiga EFF.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2013 |title=Dali Mpofu joins EFF – Cape Times |url=http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233822/http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg |archive-date=2 December 2013 |access-date=23 November 2013 |publisher=IOL.co.za}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da uku 2023, tsohon memba na ANC kuma shugaban [[Carl Niehaus|Areta]] [[Carl Niehaus]] ya shiga EFF.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carl Niehaus joins EFF |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/carl-niehaus-joins-eff-556bc93f-05cf-4648-a5ef-842b6f63db8b |access-date=3 August 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta shekara ta 2024 shugaban EFF Julius Malema ya sanar da magoya bayan jam'iyyar a Soweto cewa Sinawo Tambo zai maye gurbin tsohon mataimakin kuma memba na majalisa Floyd Shivambu a majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EFF's Sinawo Thambo replaces Shivambu in Parliament following resignation |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/effs-sinawo-thambo-replaces-shivambu-in-parliament-following-resignation-3d31ed80-c866-4cc3-9932-0b54ec9d4521 |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> === Yankin neman yanci na ɗalibai === Kwamitin Dalibai na Yaki da 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki (EFFSC) shi ne reshen dalibai na jam'iyyar, wanda aka kafa a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni shekara ta dubu biyu da sha biyar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mabasa |first=Nkateko |date=4 October 2018 |title=RISE OF THE EFF YOUTH: EFF Students Command brigades take university SRC elections by storm |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-10-05-eff-students-command-brigades-take-university-src-elections-by-storm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803124531/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-10-05-eff-students-command-brigades-take-university-src-elections-by-storm/ |archive-date=3 August 2020 |access-date=24 April 2020 |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Riddle |first=Samantha |date=23 January 2019 |title=EFF student command secretary, Aseza Mayaphi, arrested for wearing SANDF uniform |url=https://briefly.co.za/22664-eff-student-command-secretary-aseza-mayaphi-arrested-wearing-sandf-uniform.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730213853/https://briefly.co.za/22664-eff-student-command-secretary-aseza-mayaphi-arrested-wearing-sandf-uniform.html |archive-date=30 July 2020 |access-date=24 April 2020 |website=briefly.co.za}}</ref> Yana bita don Ilimi kyauta, damar samun ilimi na duniya da kuma kawar da kudaden rajista, An rushe shi a hukumance a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2025 kuma an maye gurbinsa da sabon kwamandan matasa bayan ƙuduri da aka zartar a taron zaɓe na jam'iyyar a watan Disamba na shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da hudu 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goba |first=Thabiso |title=EFF officially dissolves student command, replaces it with youth command |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2025/02/03/eff-officially-dissolves-student-command-replaces-it-with-youth-command |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref> === Rashin amincewa da shi a shekara ta 2024 === Bayan asarar zabe aka samu a Babban zaben shekarar 2024 jam'iyyar ta fuskanci sauye-sauye da yawa zuwa sabuwar [[Jam'iyyar UMkhonto weSizwe|Jam'iyyar uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK) wacce ta raunana jam'iyyar.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Masuabi |first=Queenin |date=2024-08-15 |title=Five ways Floyd Shivambu's defection from EFF could harm Malema's party |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-08-15-five-ways-floyd-shivambus-defection-from-eff-to-mk-could-harm-malemas-party/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar Limpopo, Jossey Buthane, ya koma zuwa ANC makonni uku kafin zaben yayin da yake da'awar cewa ƙarin sauye-sauye za su faru a nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eyaaz |date=2024-05-16 |title=Defector Jossey Buthane says EFF is 'bleeding support' in Limpopo |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2024-05-16-defector-jossey-buthane-says-eff-is-bleeding-support-in-limpopo/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Watanni uku bayan zaben, a watan Agusta, co-kafa jam'iyyar kuma mataimakin shugaban, Floyd Shivambu, ya sauya sheka zuwa MK <ref name=":13" /> kamar yadda [[Mzwanele Manyi]] ya yi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-24 |title=Floyd Shivambu's defection shakes South Africa's EFF and Julius Malema |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c77l612r254o |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkadimeng |first=Innocentia |date=16 August 2024 |title='At a difficult time in his life, Malema accepted him': Niehaus on Manyi leaving EFF to join MK Party |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2024-08-16-at-a-difficult-time-in-his-life-malema-accepted-him-niehaus-on-manyi-leaving-eff-to-join-mk-party/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> Busisiwe Mkhwebane ya biyo baya a watan Oktoba, da tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar, Dali Mpofu, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goba |first=Thabiso |title=Mkhwebane joins MK Party after dumping the EFF |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2024/10/25/mkhwebane-joins-mk-party-after-dumping-the-eff |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-07 |title=Dali Mpofu's defection: Behind the exodus from Malema's EFF to Zuma's MK party |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c5ymlynxkxyo |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihi == {{Multiple image|caption_align=centre}}{{Multiple image|caption_align=centre}} '''Yan Yaƙin Neman Yancin Tattalin Arziki''' ( '''EFF''' ) jam'iyyar [[Kwaminisanci|gumurzu ce]] [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma baƙar fata jam'iyyar siyasa. An kafa ta ne don korar tsohon shugaban kungiyar matasa na African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) [[Julius Malema]], da abokansa, a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2013. Malema shi ne shugaban EFF, wanda ke jagorantar Tawagar Runduna ta Tsakiya, wacce ke aiki a matsayin babban tsarin jam'iyyar. A halin yanzu ita ce jam'iyya ta huɗu mafi girma a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|majalisar dokokin ƙasar]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa election: ANC forced into coalition as it loses votes to Zuma's MK - as it happened |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-69076473 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref> === Gidauniya da tarihin farko === {{Multiple image|caption_align=centre}} A wani taron manema labarai na 26 ga watan Yuli na shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 a Soweto, Malema ya sanar da cewa sabuwar jam'iyyar tana da mambobi sama da 1000, ninki 500 da ake buƙata don yin rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta (IEC). EFF yanzu ta yi rajista tare da IEC, bayan da aka yi watsi da rajista ta Freedom Front Plus (FF +) a watan Satumba shekara ta 2013. A cikin shekara ta 2015, EFF ta dakatar da MP Lucky Twala kuma ta kori 'yan majalisa uku, Mpho Ramakatsa, [[Andile Mngxitama]] da [[Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala]] . Mngxitama ya kafa jam'iyyarsa, mai suna [[Black First Land]] First (BLF), yayin da Litchfield-Tshabalala ya shiga United Democratic Movement. Tsoffin mambobi na Malema sun zarge shi da kawar da masu sukar sa don karfafa ikonsa, don haka ya mallaki jam'iyyar shi kadai da hannunsa na ƙarfe. Malema ya amince da wannan zargi a taron manema labarai kuma ya ci gaba da cewa ya kamata jam'iyyar ta fitar da wasu mambobin da ba su da horo. === Ayyukan baya-bayan nan === A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, EFF ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta sami karar Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki don kamfen din "#PayBackTheMoney" a kan Jacob Zuma. An saurari karar ne a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu shekara ta 2016. Babban Alkalin Mogoeng Mogoeng ne ya fitar da hukuncin kuma ya bayyana cewa Shugaban kasar na lokacin ya keta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu, tare da Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki Baleka Mbete . <ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH: Full Nkandla ConCourt judgment |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404055655/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |website=Business Day Live}}</ref> An ba Shugaban tsawon kwanaki 60 don cika bukatun Mai Tsaron Jama'a Thuli Madonsela. A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2018, EFF ta gabatar da wani yunkuri a Majalisar Dokokin Kasa don yin gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki don ba da izinin kwace ƙasa ba tare da diyya ba. Shirin, wanda shugaban EFF [[Julius Malema]] ya kawo, an karbe shi tare da kuri'un magoya baya kimanin 241, da kimanin guda 83 a kan. Jam'iyyun da kawai ba su goyi bayan motsi ba sune Democratic Alliance, Freedom Front Plus, Congress of the People da ACDP. Kashe ƙasa yana ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙai bakwai na EFF. A cikin shekarar 2018, reshen ɗaliban jam'iyyar, Kwamitin Dalibai na EFF ya zo na farko a zaɓen Majalisar Wakilai ta Dalibai da yawa, inda ya kayar da Kungiyar Dalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu (ANC) a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban]], [[Jami'ar Zululand]] da Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki ta Mangosuthu . Sun kuma lashe a Cape Town, Gundumar shida, Mowbray da Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) tare da nasarar da aka samu. Sun kuma lashe [[Jami'ar Cape Town]]. [[Peter Keetse]], shugaban EFFSC, ya ce nasarar ta kasance gargadi ga abin da zai faru a babban zaben kasa na shekarar 2019. Ya ce matasa sune masu tasiri na nan gaba: "wannan alama ce ta abin da za a bi". A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023 jam'iyyar ta yi ƙoƙari ta shirya rufewar kasa don nuna rashin amincewa da raguwa da kuma kiran Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] ya sauka. An bayar da rahoton rufewar a ko'ina kamar yadda ba ta da tasiri<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Wagiet |first=Rafiq |date=20 March 2023 |title=EFF National Shutdown: Did it have the desired effect? No, is the answer... |url=https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/469368/eff-national-shutdown-did-it-have-the-desired-effect-no-is-the-answer |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=CapeTalk |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Rebecca |date=2023-03-20 |title=ANALYSIS: Gaslighters-in-Chief: The true meaning of the EFF's big national fizzle |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-03-20-gaslighters-in-chief-the-true-meaning-of-the-effs-big-national-fizzle/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Felix |first=Jason |title=Malema hints EFF shutdown low turn-out due to canceled buses, ANC thanks SA for not joining marches |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/malema-hints-eff-shutdown-low-turn-out-due-to-canceled-buses-anc-thanks-sa-for-not-joining-marches-20230320 |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ta haɗa da lokuta da yawa na labaran da baa tabbatar da sahihancin su ba (wato bogi) da magoya bayan jam'iyyar suka yada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mashigo |first=Lehlohonolo |date=2023-03-21 |title=DA's Solly Malatsi says 'national shutdown' was a mountain that gave birth to a mouse |url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/da-s-solly-malatsi-says-national-shutdown-was-a-mountain-that-gave-birth-to-a-mouse/ar-AA18TuHp |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=MSN |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkanjeni |first=Unathi |title=Electricity minister denies EFF's 'national shutdown' had anything to do with load-shedding suspension |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2023-03-22-electricity-minister-denies-effs-national-shutdown-had-anything-to-do-with-load-shedding-suspension/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PesaCheck |date=2023-03-30 |title=FALSE: The Economic Freedom Fighters did not stop load shedding |url=https://pesacheck.org/false-the-economic-freedom-fighters-did-not-stop-load-shedding-8593940c2e3a |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yuni na shekara ta 2024, EFF ta ki amincewa da shiga cikin gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (GNU) da ke karkashin jagorancin ANC, saboda Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance (DA) da Freedom Front Plus (FF+) a cikin hadin gwiwa. A watan Agusta na shekara ta 2024, mataimakin shugaban EFF [[Floyd Shivambu]] ya bar jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar UMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK) ta tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma|Jacob Zuma's]]. Dangane da binciken Ipsos na Nuwamba a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013, magoya bayan jam'iyyar sun fi matsakaici, tare da kashi 49% suna ƙasa da 24, yawan baƙar fata (99%) kuma galibi maza ne, tare da mata suna wakiltar kashi 33% kawai na tushen tallafi. Yawancin magoya baya suna zaune a Lardin Malema na Limpopo (28%), yayin da kashi 1% kawai ke zaune a KwaZulu-Natal, lardin da yana da rinjaye wajen yawan jama'a.<ref name="ipsos">{{Cite web |title=The supporter profiles of SA's three largest parties |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022154/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=6 February 2014 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref> Binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta kamfanin binciken zamantakewa na Citizen Surveys ya gano cewa kusan kashi 70% na magoya bayan EFF suna tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 34, yawanci baƙar fata (97%), galibi suna zaune ne a manyan biranen (48%), galibi maza (62%) tare da kimanin kashi 43% na tushen goyon bayansu da ke cikin Lardin Gauteng.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2018 |title=Citizen Surveys: How many white EFF supporters exist, and 11 other stats |url=https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930155418/https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=Citizen Surveys |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana zaton jam'iyyar za ta yi tasiri matuka a Babban zaben 2014, ta dauke kimanin kashi 4 cikin 100 da kashi 8 cikin 100 na kuri'un kasa. Wannan ya isa ga jam'iyyar ta riƙe ma'auni na iko a larduna inda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka ke cikin haɗarin rasa mafi rinjaye. ANC ta riƙe mafi rinjaye yayin da EFF ta samu kashi 6.35% na kuri'un a zaben shekara ta dubu biyu da sha hudu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=ANC wins 249 seats |url=http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215131/http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Manyan mambobi na Babban Kwamitin Tsakiya sun hada da [[Fana Mokoena]] da tsohon memba [[Mbuyiseni Ndlozi]] (Mai magana da yawun kasar) wanda ya yi murabus a watan Fabrairu shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyar 2025. <ref name="EFF Central Command">{{Cite web |last=Economic Freedom Fighters |title=Central Command Team |url=http://www.effonline.org/structure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812200344/http://effighters.org.za/structure/officials/ |archive-date=12 August 2013 |access-date=21 April 2018 |publisher=effonline.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Erasmus |first=Des |date=2025-02-10 |title=Mbuyiseni Ndlozi resigns from EFF |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Njilo |first=Nonkululeko |date=2025-02-10 |title=Mbuyiseni Ndlozi resigns from EFF, shifts focus to academia |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff-shifts-focus-to-academia-and-civil-society/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Dan kasuwa mai rikitarwa [[Kenny Kunene]] ya shiga kungiyar Central Command Team a watan Yulin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 kafin ya yi murabus daga kungiyar Central Command a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 kuma daga kungiyar a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2013. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba na shekaran 2013, an ba da sanarwar cewa [[Dali Mpofu]] ya bar [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] (ANC) bayan shekaru 33 na zama memba kuma ya shiga EFF.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2013 |title=Dali Mpofu joins EFF – Cape Times |url=http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233822/http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg |archive-date=2 December 2013 |access-date=23 November 2013 |publisher=IOL.co.za}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da uku 2023, tsohon memba na ANC kuma shugaban [[Carl Niehaus|Areta]] [[Carl Niehaus]] ya shiga EFF.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carl Niehaus joins EFF |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/carl-niehaus-joins-eff-556bc93f-05cf-4648-a5ef-842b6f63db8b |access-date=3 August 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta shekara ta 2024 shugaban EFF Julius Malema ya sanar da magoya bayan jam'iyyar a Soweto cewa Sinawo Tambo zai maye gurbin tsohon mataimakin kuma memba na majalisa Floyd Shivambu a majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EFF's Sinawo Thambo replaces Shivambu in Parliament following resignation |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/effs-sinawo-thambo-replaces-shivambu-in-parliament-following-resignation-3d31ed80-c866-4cc3-9932-0b54ec9d4521 |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> === Yankin neman yanci na ɗalibai === === Rashin amincewa da shi a shekara ta 2024 === Bayan asarar zabe aka samu a Babban zaben shekarar 2024 jam'iyyar ta fuskanci sauye-sauye da yawa zuwa sabuwar [[Jam'iyyar UMkhonto weSizwe|Jam'iyyar uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK) wacce ta raunana jam'iyyar.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Masuabi |first=Queenin |date=2024-08-15 |title=Five ways Floyd Shivambu's defection from EFF could harm Malema's party |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-08-15-five-ways-floyd-shivambus-defection-from-eff-to-mk-could-harm-malemas-party/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar Limpopo, Jossey Buthane, ya koma zuwa ANC makonni uku kafin zaben yayin da yake da'awar cewa ƙarin sauye-sauye za su faru a nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eyaaz |date=2024-05-16 |title=Defector Jossey Buthane says EFF is 'bleeding support' in Limpopo |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2024-05-16-defector-jossey-buthane-says-eff-is-bleeding-support-in-limpopo/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Watanni uku bayan zaben, a watan Agusta, co-kafa jam'iyyar kuma mataimakin shugaban, Floyd Shivambu, ya sauya sheka zuwa MK <ref name=":13" /> kamar yadda [[Mzwanele Manyi]] ya yi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-24 |title=Floyd Shivambu's defection shakes South Africa's EFF and Julius Malema |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c77l612r254o |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkadimeng |first=Innocentia |date=16 August 2024 |title='At a difficult time in his life, Malema accepted him': Niehaus on Manyi leaving EFF to join MK Party |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2024-08-16-at-a-difficult-time-in-his-life-malema-accepted-him-niehaus-on-manyi-leaving-eff-to-join-mk-party/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> Busisiwe Mkhwebane ya biyo baya a watan Oktoba, da tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar, Dali Mpofu, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goba |first=Thabiso |title=Mkhwebane joins MK Party after dumping the EFF |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2024/10/25/mkhwebane-joins-mk-party-after-dumping-the-eff |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-07 |title=Dali Mpofu's defection: Behind the exodus from Malema's EFF to Zuma's MK party |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c5ymlynxkxyo |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihi == {{Multiple image|caption_align=centre}}{{Multiple image|caption_align=centre}} '''Yan Yaƙin Neman Yancin Tattalin Arziki''' ( '''EFF''' ) jam'iyyar [[Kwaminisanci|gumurzu ce]] [[Afirka ta Kudu|ta Afirka ta Kudu]] kuma baƙar fata jam'iyyar siyasa. An kafa ta ne don korar tsohon shugaban kungiyar matasa na African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) [[Julius Malema]], da abokansa, a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2013. Malema shi ne shugaban EFF, wanda ke jagorantar Tawagar Runduna ta Tsakiya, wacce ke aiki a matsayin babban tsarin jam'iyyar. A halin yanzu ita ce jam'iyya ta huɗu mafi girma a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|majalisar dokokin ƙasar]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa election: ANC forced into coalition as it loses votes to Zuma's MK - as it happened |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-69076473 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref> === Gidauniya da tarihin farko === {{Multiple image|caption_align=centre}} A wani taron manema labarai na 26 ga watan Yuli na shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 a Soweto, Malema ya sanar da cewa sabuwar jam'iyyar tana da mambobi sama da 1000, ninki 500 da ake buƙata don yin rajista tare da Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta (IEC). EFF yanzu ta yi rajista tare da IEC, bayan da aka yi watsi da rajista ta Freedom Front Plus (FF +) a watan Satumba shekara ta 2013. A cikin shekara ta 2015, EFF ta dakatar da MP Lucky Twala kuma ta kori 'yan majalisa uku, Mpho Ramakatsa, [[Andile Mngxitama]] da [[Khanyisile Litchfield-Tshabalala]] . Mngxitama ya kafa jam'iyyarsa, mai suna [[Black First Land]] First (BLF), yayin da Litchfield-Tshabalala ya shiga United Democratic Movement. Tsoffin mambobi na Malema sun zarge shi da kawar da masu sukar sa don karfafa ikonsa, don haka ya mallaki jam'iyyar shi kadai da hannunsa na ƙarfe. Malema ya amince da wannan zargi a taron manema labarai kuma ya ci gaba da cewa ya kamata jam'iyyar ta fitar da wasu mambobin da ba su da horo. === Ayyukan baya-bayan nan === A ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, EFF ta ba da sanarwar cewa ta sami karar Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki don kamfen din "#PayBackTheMoney" a kan Jacob Zuma. An saurari karar ne a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu shekara ta 2016. Babban Alkalin Mogoeng Mogoeng ne ya fitar da hukuncin kuma ya bayyana cewa Shugaban kasar na lokacin ya keta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu, tare da Kakakin Majalisar Dokoki Baleka Mbete . <ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH: Full Nkandla ConCourt judgment |url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404055655/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/03/31/watch-full-nkandla-concourt-judgment |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |website=Business Day Live}}</ref> An ba Shugaban tsawon kwanaki 60 don cika bukatun Mai Tsaron Jama'a Thuli Madonsela. A ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2018, EFF ta gabatar da wani yunkuri a Majalisar Dokokin Kasa don yin gyare-gyare ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki don ba da izinin kwace ƙasa ba tare da diyya ba. Shirin, wanda shugaban EFF [[Julius Malema]] ya kawo, an karbe shi tare da kuri'un magoya baya kimanin 241, da kimanin guda 83 a kan. Jam'iyyun da kawai ba su goyi bayan motsi ba sune Democratic Alliance, Freedom Front Plus, Congress of the People da ACDP. Kashe ƙasa yana ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙai bakwai na EFF. A cikin shekarar 2018, reshen ɗaliban jam'iyyar, Kwamitin Dalibai na EFF ya zo na farko a zaɓen Majalisar Wakilai ta Dalibai da yawa, inda ya kayar da Kungiyar Dalibai ta Afirka ta Kudu (ANC) a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban]], [[Jami'ar Zululand]] da Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki ta Mangosuthu . Sun kuma lashe a Cape Town, Gundumar shida, Mowbray da Bellville Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) tare da nasarar da aka samu. Sun kuma lashe [[Jami'ar Cape Town]]. [[Peter Keetse]], shugaban EFFSC, ya ce nasarar ta kasance gargadi ga abin da zai faru a babban zaben kasa na shekarar 2019. Ya ce matasa sune masu tasiri na nan gaba: "wannan alama ce ta abin da za a bi". A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023 jam'iyyar ta yi ƙoƙari ta shirya rufewar kasa don nuna rashin amincewa da raguwa da kuma kiran Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] ya sauka. An bayar da rahoton rufewar a ko'ina kamar yadda ba ta da tasiri<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Wagiet |first=Rafiq |date=20 March 2023 |title=EFF National Shutdown: Did it have the desired effect? No, is the answer... |url=https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/469368/eff-national-shutdown-did-it-have-the-desired-effect-no-is-the-answer |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=CapeTalk |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Rebecca |date=2023-03-20 |title=ANALYSIS: Gaslighters-in-Chief: The true meaning of the EFF's big national fizzle |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-03-20-gaslighters-in-chief-the-true-meaning-of-the-effs-big-national-fizzle/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Felix |first=Jason |title=Malema hints EFF shutdown low turn-out due to canceled buses, ANC thanks SA for not joining marches |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/malema-hints-eff-shutdown-low-turn-out-due-to-canceled-buses-anc-thanks-sa-for-not-joining-marches-20230320 |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ta haɗa da lokuta da yawa na labaran da baa tabbatar da sahihancin su ba (wato bogi) da magoya bayan jam'iyyar suka yada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mashigo |first=Lehlohonolo |date=2023-03-21 |title=DA's Solly Malatsi says 'national shutdown' was a mountain that gave birth to a mouse |url=https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/da-s-solly-malatsi-says-national-shutdown-was-a-mountain-that-gave-birth-to-a-mouse/ar-AA18TuHp |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=MSN |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkanjeni |first=Unathi |title=Electricity minister denies EFF's 'national shutdown' had anything to do with load-shedding suspension |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2023-03-22-electricity-minister-denies-effs-national-shutdown-had-anything-to-do-with-load-shedding-suspension/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PesaCheck |date=2023-03-30 |title=FALSE: The Economic Freedom Fighters did not stop load shedding |url=https://pesacheck.org/false-the-economic-freedom-fighters-did-not-stop-load-shedding-8593940c2e3a |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yuni na shekara ta 2024, EFF ta ki amincewa da shiga cikin gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (GNU) da ke karkashin jagorancin ANC, saboda Jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance (DA) da Freedom Front Plus (FF+) a cikin hadin gwiwa. A watan Agusta na shekara ta 2024, mataimakin shugaban EFF [[Floyd Shivambu]] ya bar jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga jam'iyyar [[Jam'iyyar UMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK) ta tsohon shugaban kasar [[Jacob Zuma|Jacob Zuma's]]. Dangane da binciken Ipsos na Nuwamba a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013, magoya bayan jam'iyyar sun fi matsakaici, tare da kashi 49% suna ƙasa da 24, yawan baƙar fata (99%) kuma galibi maza ne, tare da mata suna wakiltar kashi 33% kawai na tushen tallafi. Yawancin magoya baya suna zaune a Lardin Malema na Limpopo (28%), yayin da kashi 1% kawai ke zaune a KwaZulu-Natal, lardin da yana da rinjaye wajen yawan jama'a.<ref name="ipsos">{{Cite web |title=The supporter profiles of SA's three largest parties |url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022154/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=6 February 2014 |publisher=Politicsweb}}</ref> Binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018 ta kamfanin binciken zamantakewa na Citizen Surveys ya gano cewa kusan kashi 70% na magoya bayan EFF suna tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 34, yawanci baƙar fata (97%), galibi suna zaune ne a manyan biranen (48%), galibi maza (62%) tare da kimanin kashi 43% na tushen goyon bayansu da ke cikin Lardin Gauteng.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2018 |title=Citizen Surveys: How many white EFF supporters exist, and 11 other stats |url=https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930155418/https://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/ |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=Citizen Surveys |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana zaton jam'iyyar za ta yi tasiri matuka a Babban zaben 2014, ta dauke kimanin kashi 4 cikin 100 da kashi 8 cikin 100 na kuri'un kasa. Wannan ya isa ga jam'iyyar ta riƙe ma'auni na iko a larduna inda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka ke cikin haɗarin rasa mafi rinjaye. ANC ta riƙe mafi rinjaye yayin da EFF ta samu kashi 6.35% na kuri'un a zaben shekara ta dubu biyu da sha hudu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=ANC wins 249 seats |url=http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215131/http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510 |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=30 September 2019 |website=News24}}</ref> Manyan mambobi na Babban Kwamitin Tsakiya sun hada da [[Fana Mokoena]] da tsohon memba [[Mbuyiseni Ndlozi]] (Mai magana da yawun kasar) wanda ya yi murabus a watan Fabrairu shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyar 2025. <ref name="EFF Central Command">{{Cite web |last=Economic Freedom Fighters |title=Central Command Team |url=http://www.effonline.org/structure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812200344/http://effighters.org.za/structure/officials/ |archive-date=12 August 2013 |access-date=21 April 2018 |publisher=effonline.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Erasmus |first=Des |date=2025-02-10 |title=Mbuyiseni Ndlozi resigns from EFF |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Njilo |first=Nonkululeko |date=2025-02-10 |title=Mbuyiseni Ndlozi resigns from EFF, shifts focus to academia |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff-shifts-focus-to-academia-and-civil-society/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Dan kasuwa mai rikitarwa [[Kenny Kunene]] ya shiga kungiyar Central Command Team a watan Yulin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 kafin ya yi murabus daga kungiyar Central Command a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku 2013 kuma daga kungiyar a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2013. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba na shekaran 2013, an ba da sanarwar cewa [[Dali Mpofu]] ya bar [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] (ANC) bayan shekaru 33 na zama memba kuma ya shiga EFF.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2013 |title=Dali Mpofu joins EFF – Cape Times |url=http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233822/http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg |archive-date=2 December 2013 |access-date=23 November 2013 |publisher=IOL.co.za}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da uku 2023, tsohon memba na ANC kuma shugaban [[Carl Niehaus|Areta]] [[Carl Niehaus]] ya shiga EFF.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carl Niehaus joins EFF |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/carl-niehaus-joins-eff-556bc93f-05cf-4648-a5ef-842b6f63db8b |access-date=3 August 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta shekara ta 2024 shugaban EFF Julius Malema ya sanar da magoya bayan jam'iyyar a Soweto cewa Sinawo Tambo zai maye gurbin tsohon mataimakin kuma memba na majalisa Floyd Shivambu a majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EFF's Sinawo Thambo replaces Shivambu in Parliament following resignation |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/effs-sinawo-thambo-replaces-shivambu-in-parliament-following-resignation-3d31ed80-c866-4cc3-9932-0b54ec9d4521 |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=iol.co.za}}</ref> === Yankin neman yanci na ɗalibai === === Rashin amincewa da shi a shekara ta 2024 === Bayan asarar zabe aka samu a Babban zaben shekarar 2024 jam'iyyar ta fuskanci sauye-sauye da yawa zuwa sabuwar [[Jam'iyyar UMkhonto weSizwe|Jam'iyyar uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK) wacce ta raunana jam'iyyar.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Masuabi |first=Queenin |date=2024-08-15 |title=Five ways Floyd Shivambu's defection from EFF could harm Malema's party |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-08-15-five-ways-floyd-shivambus-defection-from-eff-to-mk-could-harm-malemas-party/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar Limpopo, Jossey Buthane, ya koma zuwa ANC makonni uku kafin zaben yayin da yake da'awar cewa ƙarin sauye-sauye za su faru a nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eyaaz |date=2024-05-16 |title=Defector Jossey Buthane says EFF is 'bleeding support' in Limpopo |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2024-05-16-defector-jossey-buthane-says-eff-is-bleeding-support-in-limpopo/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Watanni uku bayan zaben, a watan Agusta, co-kafa jam'iyyar kuma mataimakin shugaban, Floyd Shivambu, ya sauya sheka zuwa MK <ref name=":13" /> kamar yadda [[Mzwanele Manyi]] ya yi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-24 |title=Floyd Shivambu's defection shakes South Africa's EFF and Julius Malema |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c77l612r254o |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkadimeng |first=Innocentia |date=16 August 2024 |title='At a difficult time in his life, Malema accepted him': Niehaus on Manyi leaving EFF to join MK Party |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2024-08-16-at-a-difficult-time-in-his-life-malema-accepted-him-niehaus-on-manyi-leaving-eff-to-join-mk-party/ |website=Times Live}}</ref> Busisiwe Mkhwebane ya biyo baya a watan Oktoba, da tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar, Dali Mpofu, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goba |first=Thabiso |title=Mkhwebane joins MK Party after dumping the EFF |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2024/10/25/mkhwebane-joins-mk-party-after-dumping-the-eff |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-07 |title=Dali Mpofu's defection: Behind the exodus from Malema's EFF to Zuma's MK party |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c5ymlynxkxyo |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == rl550dyjhwoyklo9cp2dztc3anb9htw 0 109781 888062 686831 2026-07-27T10:01:33Z BnHamid 12586 +Databox 888062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:贵州“村超”来了！“沉浸式”感受贵州的体育热情.png|thumb|Gasar "Village Super League" a cikin gundumar Rongjiang a watan Yunin 2023]] Super League na ƙauyen (VSL ko Cun Chao, Sinanci: 村超; pinyin: Cūn Chāo), [1] wani shiri ne na ƙwallon ƙafa wanda ya samo asali daga gundumar Rongjiang, Qiandongnan Miao da Dong mai cin gashin kansa, lardin Guizhou a kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin.  Yana haɗa wasanni, adana al'adu, da farfado da karkara.  Manufarta ita ce samar da haɗin kan al'umma, haɓaka al'adun kabilanci, da samar da ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mai dorewa a yankunan karkara ta hanyar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.  Ba da fifikon shiga cikin gida da dabi'un da ba na kasuwanci ba, hangen nesa shine karfafawa mazauna kauyuka a matsayin masu kirkira da masu cin gajiyar tsarin al'adu da tattalin arziki daya. == Tarihi == An gabatar da kwallon kafa a Rongjiang a cikin shekarun 1940 ta daliban Jami'ar Guangxi da ke tserewa daga mamayar Japan. Ƙaunar cikin gida ta karu, wanda ya haifar da wasannin da aka shirya a makarantu da al'ummomi. A cikin shekarun 1950, kwallon kafa ya zama babban aiki a makarantu, tare da Makarantar Tsakiya ta Rongjiang da ke fitowa a matsayin filin horo ga ƙwarewa na farko. A shekara ta 1965, ƙungiyar Rongjiang ta lashe gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta Qiandongnan, ta tabbatar da shahararren wasan. A cikin shekarun 1980s, kwallon kafa ya zama mahimmanci ga rayuwar gida, tare da iyaye suna ƙarfafa yara su shiga shirye-shiryen horar da matasa. Wani karin magana ya fito "Don samun aiki, koyon kwallon kafa" (Sinanci: 要想找工作不愁,就要學會足球), yana nuna cewa iyaye suna ƙarfafa matasa su shiga cikin shirye-shiryen horar da kwallon kafa. A cikin 1990, an kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Rongjiang. Mazauna ƙauyen sun gina filayen wucin gadi a kan ƙasar da ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata, wanda ya kafa harsashin "Cun Chao" na yau. A shekara ta 2021, an sanya Rongjiang a matsayin Gundumar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa, ta amince da kayan aikinta da shirye-shiryen ci gaban matasa. An ƙaddamar da gasar Cun Chao ta farko a watan Janairun 2023, tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙauyuka takwas da ke fafatawa. Da farko an shirya shi a matsayin karamin gasa tsakanin ƙauyuka takwas a ƙauyen Sanbao Dong (Sinanci), ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa ta haɗa da ƙungiyoyi 20 daga ko'ina cikin gundumar. Wasanni sun ƙunshi abubuwan da ba na kasuwanci ba, kamar bayar da kyaututtuka ga masu cin nasara da kayan aikin gona na gida da haɗa wasan kwaikwayo na kabilanci a lokacin rabin lokaci, gami da manyan waƙoƙin Dong da rawa na Miao lusheng. Shekarar 2024 ta gabatar da tsari na kashi biyu: zagaye na farko na 162 (Janairu-Fabrairu) don zaɓar 'yan wasan karshe 20, sannan kuma matakin karshe (Maris-Mayu). Shekarar 2025 ta kara bambanta tare da abubuwan da suka faru kamar "40-Team Crossover Matches" da kuma abokantaka na kasa da kasa. Yawan kungiyoyi ya fadada zuwa 62 a 2024, tare da shirye-shiryen karawa zuwa kungiyoyi 108 a 2025, tare da ƙarfafawa na waje don inganta gasa. == Tsarin aiki == === Tsarin Amateur da Ba Amfani ba === Duk 'yan wasan da aka zana daga sana'o'in gida kamar manoma, ma'aikatan gini, ƙananan masu kasuwanci, da ɗalibai.  An hana ƙwararrun ƴan wasa shiga don kiyaye ƙa'idodin gasar.  Ƙungiyoyin suna samun kuɗaɗen kansu ta hanyar gudummuwa daga ƴan wasa da ƙungiyoyin ƙauye, tare da kashe kuɗi da suka shafi riguna, kayan aiki, da kula da filin.  An karkasa mulki, zaɓaɓɓun kwamitocin ƙauye ne ke tafiyar da su, waɗanda ke da alhakin tsara wasanni, tsara dokokin gasa, da daidaita wasannin al'adu na rabin lokaci.  Misali, Kwamitin Kauyen Sanbao Dong yana kula da dabarun wasa, yayin da ƙungiyoyin sa kai masu jujjuya su ke gudanar da alƙalan wasa da kirga maki. === Gwamnati da Haɗin gwiwar Jama'a === Hukumomin cikin gida suna ba da tallafi na kayan aiki (misali, kantin sayar da kyauta, tsaro) amma guje wa shiga tsakani kai tsaye don adana yanayin kwayoyin. Gwamnatin gundumar Rongjiang tana ba da albarkatu don ababen more rayuwa, kamar wurin zama na wucin gadi, wuraren tsabta, da ma'aikatan tsaro yayin wasanni, amma ta guji yin tasiri ga yanke shawara na aiki. Wani shiri shine samar da kantin sayar da kyauta ga 'yan kasuwa na cikin gida a lokacin wasanni, inda manoma ke sayar da kayayyakin noma kamar kayan ado da aka yi da itace da nama kai tsaye ga masu kallo. Ana kara yawan shiga jama'a ta hanyar watsa labarai: sama da asusun kafofin watsa labarai 12,000 da aka tabbatar da su da kuma ƙungiyoyin masu sa kai 2,200 suna watsa shirye-shirye a kan dandamali kamar [[TikTok|Douyin]] ([[TikTok]]) da Kuaishou. Wadannan ƙungiyoyi, galibi suna kunshe da ƙauyuka da aka horar da su a cikin bidiyon bidiyo na asali, suna amfani da na'urorin hannu don kamawa da rarraba abun ciki. A cikin 2023, shirye-shiryen kai tsaye sun tara ra'ayoyi biliyan 48, wanda ya haifar da kamfen ɗin hashtag kamar #VillageSuperLeague da #FootballWithPorkPrize . == Tasirin == A cikin 2023, Cun Chao ya jawo masu yawon bude ido miliyan 7.66, yana samar da ¥ biliyan 8.4 a cikin kudaden shiga na yawon bude bude ido da kuma samar da ayyuka 3,000+ na gida. Ya zuwa 2025, yawan ziyarar yawon bude ido ya wuce miliyan 17, yana samar da sama da Yaran biliyan 200 a cikin kudaden shiga na yawon bude bude ido. A lokacin bikin bazara na 2024 kadai, gundumar ta ja hankalin baƙi 151,200, wanda ya samar da ¥ 170 miliyan a cikin kudin shiga. Kungiyar ta shahara da al'adun kabilanci, kamar waƙoƙin gargajiya na Dong da rawa na Miao a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na rabin lokaci, inganta girman al'adu. Abubuwan da suka faru kamar "Gano kyawawan kasar Sin: Gamuwa da Guizhou Cun Chao" abokantaka ta kasa da kasa (2024) sun nuna musayar al'adu tare da jami'an diflomasiyya da kungiyoyin kasashen waje. Kungiyar ta inganta hadin kai, tare da mazauna ƙauyen da ke aiki tare a kan karatun rawa da shirya taron. Kamar yadda wani mazaunin ya lura, "Maƙwabta waɗanda suka taɓa yin jayayya yanzu suna aiki tare don ƙungiyoyinsu". Kungiyar ta haifar da sabbin kasuwanni, gami da sabbin kamfanonin kasuwa 4193 (misali, shagunan abinci, shagunan sana'a) da otal-otal 358 (gidaje 10,845). Kudin shiga da ba na noma ba ga mazauna ƙauyen ya karu sosai, tare da masu sana'a kamar Pan Laola suna ninka yawan kuɗin da suke samu zuwa ¥120,000 a kowace shekara. Yin amfani da watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye, manoma da masu sana'a na gida sun sami ¥ 200 miliyan a cikin tallace-tallace na kan layi a cikin 2024, karuwar kashi 87 cikin dari na shekara-shekara. Dandalin kamar "Cun Chao E-Shop" suna inganta ƙwarewar yanki kamar Tianma (wani magani) da kayan ado. Shirye-shiryen kamar "Cun Chao Village Fairs" sun haɗa kwallon kafa tare da kasuwannin karkara, suna haɓaka kasuwancin gida. Misali, baje kolin 2024 a ƙauyen Zhongcheng ya ga mai siyarwa yana sayar da ¥ 30,000 na sausages a cikin kwanaki uku. A cikin 2023, Cun Chao ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dabarun tare da [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya ta Ingila]], ya ƙaddamar da shirye-shiryen horo kamar "Koyi da Premier League". Ya zuwa 2025, wasannin sada zumunci na kasa da kasa sun hada da kungiyoyi daga Faransa, Hong Kong, Laberiya, Brazil da Benin. An sake yin amfani da samfurin Cun Chao a duniya a Benin da Afirka ta Kudu, inda "African Village Super Leagues" ya fito. Shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da karbar bakuncin "Cun Chao World Cup" a cikin 2028 da kuma gina garin al'adu mai taken kwallon kafa, sanya Rongjiang a matsayin cibiyar yawon shakatawa na wasanni na duniya. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] s8c0l7q7p0mddd3eq0vy6r1vzm3numc 0 110549 887943 822731 2026-07-27T03:18:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Leonard Peltier''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Satumban shekarar 1944) ɗan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne kuma memba na [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] (AIM) wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa da kisan jami'an [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) guda biyu a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1975, harbi a Pine Ridge Indian Reservation a Dakota ta Kudu. An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai sau biyu a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Peltier, 189 F. Supp. 2d 970 (D.N.D. 2002) |url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/189/970/2433930/ |access-date=July 2, 2020 |website=Justia Law |language=en}}</ref> Peltier ya cancanci samun izini a shekarar 1993. A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2025, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya sauyawa hukuncin Peltier zuwa kama gidansa ba tare da iyaka ba jim kadan kafin ya bar ofis. A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, ranar da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar bayar da jinƙai, an saki Peltier kuma an tura shi zuwa Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation a Belcourt, North Dakota . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arkin |first=Daniel |last2=Ortiz |first2=Erik |date=20 January 2025 |title=Biden commutes life sentence of Leonard Peltier, Native American activist imprisoned for almost 50 years |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/biden-commutes-sentence-leonard-peltier-native-american-activist-impri-rcna188331 |access-date=January 20, 2025 |publisher=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> A cikin littafinsa na shekara ta 1999 Prison Writings: My Life Is My Sun Dance, Peltier ya yarda da shiga cikin harbi amma ya ce bai kashe jami'an FBI ba.<ref name="Ezzo 2013 35–992">{{Cite journal |last=Ezzo |first=Joseph |year=2013 |title=The Leonard Peltier Case: An Argument in Support of Executive Clemency Based on Norms of International Human Rights |url=https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=ailr |journal=American Indian Law Review |volume=38 |pages=35–99}}</ref> Koyaya, shaidu sun ce ya furta, gami da [[Darlene Ka-Mook Nichols]], wanda ya ba da shaida a kansa a shari'a. Masu kula da haƙƙin ɗan adam, kamar [[Amnesty International]], da kuma 'yan siyasa ciki har da [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Mama Teresa|Uwargida Teresa]], da [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama na 14]], sun yi kamfen don jinƙai ga Peltier.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Report: USA 2010 |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/annual-report-usa-2010/ |access-date=July 2, 2020 |website=Amnesty International USA |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin harbi, Peltier memba ne mai aiki a AIM, ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke aiki don yaki da wariyar launin fata da zalunci na' yan asalin ƙasar Amirka.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Leonard Peltier {{!}} American Indian activist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonard-Peltier |access-date=July 2, 2020 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> === Sashe na I - A cikin Muryata === Leonard Peltier ya fara tarihinsa ta hanyar bayyana yanayin da ba shi da kyau da rashin tsaro wanda ya rubuta sassansa. Ya nuna godiya, yana maraba da mai karatu, ba tare da tabbacin ko littafinsa zai kai ga kowa ba. Duk da damuwarsa, rubuce-rubucensa na sirri ne, an tsoma shi cikin sautin ɗan adam ba kawai na kansa ba har ma da mai karatu. Peltier ya bayyana niyyarsa bayan rubuce-rubucen shaidarsa a shekara ta 23 na hukuncinsa na rai, yana mai cewa, "[Ina rubutu] ba saboda ina shirin mutuwa ba, amma saboda ina shirin rayuwa" (shafi na 8). Yana ciyar da yawancin wannan ɓangaren yana dawo da asalinsa, yawanci yana sake maimaita sunansa, duka Leonard Peltier da Gwarth-ee-lass, don ba da damar mai karatu ya kalli shi a matsayin mutum fiye da kowane lakabi ko taron da aka yi amfani da shi don cire shi daga asalinsa. A matsayinsa na ɗan asalin tsibirin Great Turtle, Peltier ya rubuta game da gwagwarmayarsa da ɗaurin kurkuku, ba a matsayin gwagwarmaya ba amma a matsayin guguwar mutanensa, gwagwarimar da zai ci gaba da jimre wa mutanensa. Ba ya ganin kansa a matsayin mai iko har sai ya haɗa kansa da mutanensa, kuma a wannan lokacin ne kawai ya sami ƙarfi a cikin gwagwarmayar da ya jimre. Bugu da ƙari, yana magana game da hikimar da aka ba shi daga dattawa, cewa magana daga zuciya game da rashin adalci aikin kowa ne kuma hanya ce ta rayuwa ta asali. Peltier ya ba da cikakken bayani game da Sun Dance, wani bikin ruhaniya inda mutum ke sadaukar da jikinsa da rayuwarsa ga Babban Ruhu. Wannan tafiya ta ruhaniya, kamar kakanninsa na asali, ya ba shi damar tsayayya da masu zalunci maimakon barin mutanensa. A matsayinsa na Sun Dancer, yana nuna juriya mai banƙyama sau da yawa wanda mazauna ke fahimta ba. Ta hanyar sassan da suka biyo baya, ya nuna wa mai karatu ikon da ke bayan Sun Dance.&nbsp; === Sashe na II - Wanene Ni === A cikin sashi na 2 na My Life is My Sun Dance, Peltier ya tattauna abin da yake nufi da zama 'yan asalin Arewacin Amurka amma musamman Amurka. Ya bayyana cewa labarinsa ba takamaiman ba ne a gare shi amma "labari ne na mutanena, mutanen Indiya na wannan Babban Tsibirin Turtle. " Ya tattauna wasu mahimman bayanai a tarihi wanda ya tsara abin da ya bayyana a matsayin tarihin da ya yi baƙin ciki a cikin bala'i, yaudara, da kisan kare dangi. Ya bayyana yadda aka sace ƙasashen 'yan asalin ƙasar daga gare su da kuma yadda aka tura su zuwa wuraren ajiya. Ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na Wounded Knee Massacre, Dakota ta Kudu a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 1890, wanda ya kasance muhimmiyar rawa a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin kisan kare dangi na 'yan asalin ƙasar.<ref name="book71" /> Ya kuma bayyana yadda ake ci gaba da kisan kare dangi a zamanin yau ta hanyar ambaton kididdiga kamar gaskiyar cewa wasu daga cikin mafi girman matakan talauci, rashin aikin yi, mutuwar jarirai, da kuma kashe kansa na matasa a kasar suna kan ajiya a Dakota ta Kudu. Ya nuna cewa [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] ce wacce ta nemi bayyana wa duniya laifukan da aka aikata wa 'yan asalin ƙasar. Sashe na 2 kuma ya ƙunshi waka mai taken "kiran gaggafa" wanda ke game da son a ji shi yayin da layin "Ku saurare ni!" da "ku ji mu" ana furta su sau da yawa a ko'ina.<ref name="book71" /><ref name="book71" /> === Sashe na III - Girma a Indiya === Peltier ya rubuta game da muhimmancin sunaye a cikin wannan ɓangaren tarihinsa. Yayin da suke da alaƙa da asalin 'yan asalin ƙasar, Peltier ya lura da yadda sunaye ke ba mutane ma'anar ko wanene su da kuma damar su. Ya nuna cewa sunaye suna ba mutane wani abu da za su rayu kuma sunayen na iya nuna inda ya kamata mutum ya kasance a rayuwa. Peltier ya bayyana sunaye daban-daban da yake da su, kamar Tate Wikuw, wanda ke fassara zuwa "Wind Chases the Sun" a cikin yaren Dakota, wanda shine sunan kakansa, da Gwarth-ee-lass wanda ke fassarar zuwa "Shugabannin Jama'a" (Peltier 61). Wannan ɓangaren tarihinsa ya kuma nuna gwagwarmayar ikon mallakar 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma hukumar, kamar yadda Peltier ya lura cewa shi, tare da kowane mutum na Ikce Wicasa (Mutanen da suka saba / na asali), suna da ƙasarsu da asalin su a ƙarƙashin zama. Ya nuna yawan bambancin launin fata na 'yan asalin ƙasar kamar kansa da kuma yadda masana'antar kurkuku (PIC) ke da manufofi da bunƙasa daga gare su. Peltier ya haskaka ayyukan kisan kare dangi na PIC ta hanyar nuna mummunar tasirin mulkin mallaka, da kuma PIC da ke kwaikwayon mulkin mallaka a cikin kurkuku, waɗannan tsarin sun kasance a kan 'yan asalin ƙasar. === Sashe na IV - Kasancewa Siyasa === Peltier ya rubuta game da shigar da shi da aiki ga ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Bayan ya ga ana zaluntar 'yan asalin ƙasar saboda ƙoƙarin kiyayewa da kare haƙƙoƙinsu, waɗanda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar tarayya kuma ba a tabbatar da su ta gwamnatin Amurka ba, sai ya fara gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin farar hula da na' yan asalin ƙasar tare da [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|AIM]]. Ya tattauna yadda gwamnatin Amurka ta fi sha'awar karbar ƙasar 'yan asalin ta hanyar zalunci, kisan kai, da kuma ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau saboda dalilai na mulkin mallaka da kuma fitarwa. A matsayinsa na memba na AIM, ya shiga cikin Ofishin Harkokin Indiya (BIA) a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1972, wanda ya fara ne a matsayin tafiya ta zaman lafiya da ake kira "Hanyar Yarjejeniyar da ta Rushe" wanda ya karu saboda BIA da jami'an tsaro da ke ƙoƙarin cire masu zanga-zangar da karfi. Ya kuma yi aiki tare da AIM don taimakawa wajen samun aiki ga 'yan asalin ƙasar kuma ya yi aiki a cikin shirin farfado da barasa, da kuma aikin ruhaniya. A shekara ta 1975, Peltier ya isa ƙasar Oglala don taimakawa kare 'yan asalin ƙasar da ke zaune a can waɗanda ake kashewa.<ref name="whoisleonardpeltier.info">{{Cite web |title=The Shootout {{!}} International Leonard Peltier Defense Committee |url=https://www.whoisleonardpeltier.info/home/facts/shootout/ |access-date=2024-12-06 |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206234947/https://www.whoisleonardpeltier.info/home/facts/shootout/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An aika shi da sauran mayaƙan AIM don kare mazaunan ƙasar, ba a matsayin rundunar soja ba.<ref name="whoisleonardpeltier.info" /> Koyaya, an yi musu kwanton bauna kuma an tilasta musu kare kansu da ƙananan makamai masu tsaro da suke da su. Peltier ya yi tunani game da yadda gwamnati ta ɓoye bayanai kuma ta yi ƙarya don ɗora masa zargi da membobin AIM a matsayin masu kai hari a musayar. === Sashe na v - Wannan Ranar a Oglala === Wannan sashe ya zayyana labarin Peltier na ranar da aka kai wa mutanensa hari a Oglala wanda ya kai ga kama shi da dauri. Peltier ya kasance a cikin "birnin tanti" tare da wasu membobin [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|AIM]] akan kayan Harry da Cecilia Jumping Bull. Dattawan Lakota sun nemi kariya daga rukunin GOON waɗanda suka kasance suna "ta'addanci" Reservation na Pine Ridge "tsawon watanni" (Peltier 126). A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 1975, rukuninsu, wanda ya haɗa da mata, yara, da dattawa, “masu doka, GOONs, SWAT teams, ƴan banga, ‘yan sandan BIA, kuna suna” (129). <ref name="book71" /> Kungiyar Peltier ba ta son daukar fansa nan take. Sai dai an kashe jami'an FBI guda biyu Jack R. Coler da Ronald A. Williams sannan kuma tashin hankalin da ake yiwa kungiyar Peltier ya karu. Duk da cewa an yanke masa hukuncin kisa, Peltier ya musanta kashe jami’an FBI biyu kuma ya ce da ya yi kokarin hana duk wanda ya kai harin na gaskiya. Peltier da mutanensa sun yi nasarar tserewa daga harin kuma duk sun tsira, in banda Joe Killsright Stuntz. Yayin da suke gudu, kungiyar ta tsaya domin yin addu’a kuma Peltier ya ce wata gaggafa ce ta kai su. Peltier ya gode wa wadanda suka ba su mafaka bayan harin da wadanda suka yi murna tare da taimaka musu wajen tserewa. Yayin da kungiyar Peltier ta buya, ‘yan sanda sun yi ta farautar su tare da tsoratar da Reservation na Pine Ridge suna neman su. Dattawan kungiyar Peltier sun yanke shawarar cewa za su boye har sai Sun Dance a watan Agusta inda za su gode wa Wakan Tanka don ceton rayukansu, amma ‘yan sanda sun kama mambobin kungiyar daya bayan daya har sai da Peltier ya yanke shawarar guduwa zuwa Canada. Ya yi fatan samun tsira a tsakanin al’ummomin ‘yan asalin da ke wurin da kuma yiwuwar a ba shi mafakar siyasa, domin bai amince da gwamnatin Amurka ta yi masa shari’a ta gaskiya ba, ko ma ta bar shi ya rayu. === Sashe na VI - Rayuwa a Jahannama === Peltier ya ba da labarin kama shi a Kanada a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1976. Bayan kama shi, FBI ta yi cin hanci kuma ta tilasta wa Myrtle Poor Bear ta samar da takardar shaidar ƙarya a kan Peltier, tana mai da'awar cewa ta kasance mai shaida ga kisan jami'an FBI guda biyu a Pine Ridge Reservation a watan Yunin 1975 kuma tsohuwar budurwa ce ta Peltier. Duk da rashin adalci da rashin mutunci na Peltier tun lokacin da aka kama shi a Kanada, ya ki a zama wanda aka azabtar, yana jaddada matsayinsa a matsayin jarumi wanda ya sami ƙarfinsa a Sun Dance . <ref name="book71" /> Bayan an yi masa alkawarin shari'a mai kyau, Peltier ya sanya hannu kan takardun mika shi don sauƙaƙe dawowarsa Amurka, inda ya sami hukuncin rai biyu a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1977, kuma an tura shi gidan yarin Amurka a Leavenworth, Kansas.<ref name="book71" /> FBI ta shirya hukuncin da aka yanke wa Peltier ta hanyar shaidar da aka ƙirƙira da kuma "ba bisa ka'ida ba" yayin da suke buƙatar "scapegoat" na jama'a don biyan mutuwar jami'an su biyu.<ref name="book71" /> Peltier ya bayyana yadda aka bi da shi "ba bisa ka'ida ba" tun lokacin da aka ɗaure shi, gami da tsira daga wani makircin kisan kai da tserewa daga kurkuku yayin da aka sauya shi zuwa kurkukun Lompoc a shekara ta 1979. <ref name="book71" /> Bugu da ƙari, Peltier ya ba da labarin mafarki mai canzawa da ya fuskanta yayin da yake cikin kurkuku, wanda ya isar da shi a cikin labarin da ake kira "The Last Battle".<ref name="book71" /> Peltier ya kuma bayyana "inipi, ko bikin gumi-lodge" da ya halarta a kowace Asabar a Leavenworth, ta hanyar da ya sami damar jin "yanci mai albarka" da tserewa gaba ɗaya duk da ɗaurin kurkuku.<ref name="book71" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] 7lwt2b10d5q4tscz3a4zg7qbuy9rjse 0 110562 887962 887555 2026-07-27T05:06:37Z Mahuta 11340 887962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:VP-BWD_(aircraft).JPG|alt= Five major sources of environmental stressor affect pilot's operation.|thumb|Manyan tushe guda biyar na damuwa na muhalli suna shafar matukan jirgi.]] A cikin [[jirgin sama]], ana samun Damuwa wanda ya ke fito daga cikin muhalli a sama damuwa game da muhallin jirginsama.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hancok |first=P.A. |date=1984 |title=Environmental Stressor |journal=Sustained Attention in Human Performance |pages=103–142}}</ref> An bayyana damuwa a matsayin halin da ake ciki, mai canji, ko yanayin da ke katse aikin mutum na yau da kullun kuma, mafi yawan lokuta, yana haifar da barazana.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Staal |first=Mark A |date=August 2004 |title=Stress, Cognition, and Human Performance: A Literature Review and Conceptual Framework |pages=1–171}}</ref> Ana iya danganta shi ba kawai da lafiyar hankali ba, har ma da [[Lafiya|lafiyar jiki]].<ref name="Motowidlo1986">{{Cite journal |last=Motowidlo |first=Stephan J. |last2=Packard |first2=John S. |last3=Manning |first3=Michael R. |date=1986 |title=Occupational Stress: Its Causes and Consequences for Job Performance |journal=Journal of Applied Psychology |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=618–627 |doi=10.1037/0021-9010.71.4.618 |pmid=3804934}}</ref> Yin aiki a cikin yanayin jirgin sama yana kawo haɗuwa da abubuwan damuwa waɗanda suka bambanta da yanayi da ƙarfi. A cikin masana'antar jirgin sama, manyan matsalolin muhalli sune ''Matsin loka'', ''hayaniya'', da ''[[Temperature|zafin jiki]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bourne, Jr. |first=Lyle E. |last2=Yaroush |first2=Rita A. |date=September 2003 |title=Stress and Cognition: A Cognitive Psychological Perspective |pages=1–159}}</ref> Wadannan damuwa suna da alaƙa da juna, ma'ana cewa kasancewar mutum na iya sa wasu su faru. Masana kimiyya sun yi nazarin kowane mai damuwa don sanin yadda za a rage tasirin sa.<ref name="Motowidlo1986">{{Cite journal |last=Motowidlo |first=Stephan J. |last2=Packard |first2=John S. |last3=Manning |first3=Michael R. |date=1986 |title=Occupational Stress: Its Causes and Consequences for Job Performance |journal=Journal of Applied Psychology |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=618–627 |doi=10.1037/0021-9010.71.4.618 |pmid=3804934}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFMotowidloPackardManning1986">Motowidlo, Stephan J.; Packard, John S.; Manning, Michael R. (1986). "Occupational Stress: Its Causes and Consequences for Job Performance". ''Journal of Applied Psychology''. '''71''' (4): <span class="nowrap">618–</span>627. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.4.618|10.1037/0021-9010.71.4.618]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3804934 3804934].</cite></ref> == Matsalar muhalli == [[Fayil:Bombardier_Q400_(8960593795).jpg|alt=Bombardier Dash-8 Q400 aircraft which was involved in Colgan Air Flight 3407 accident on February 12, 2009.|thumb|Jirgin Bombardier Dash-8 Q400 da ke cikin hadarin jirgin saman Colgan Air Flight 3407 a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2009]] === Matsin lokaci === Matsin lokaci yana faruwa lokacin da akwai iyakacin lokaci akan ayyuka ko ayyukan membobin ma'aikatan. Misali, kasar Sin tana fuskantar karin bukatar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, don haka kamfanonin jiragen sama a kasar Sin suna ba da karin jirage tare da fatan samun sabis mai inganci. Wannan yana sanya matsin lamba ga ma'aikatan jirgin su yi aiki na tsawon sa'o'i a kan jadawalin lokaci, wanda ke haifar da matsi na lokaci kuma yana sa kuskuren ɗan adam ya fi dacewa. Christopher Wickens, tsohon shugaban Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign's Aviation Human Factors Division, ya sami dangantaka tsakanin lokacin amsawa da ƙimar kuskure: Da sauri matuƙin jirgin ya bincika sashin kayan aikin jirgin, ƙarancin fahimtarsa ko ta zai kasance. James Reason, mai binciken kuskuren ɗan adam, ya gano cewa matsa lamba na lokaci yana ƙara yuwuwar kuskuren ɗan adam sau goma sha ɗaya. Dangane da samfurin bayanai daga Tsarin Rahoto na Tsaron Jiragen Sama (ASRS), tsantsawar jadawalin shine mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da matsi na lokaci, da masu aiki da tsayayyen hanyoyin zirga-zirga (FBOs) sune na biyu mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa na jirgin sama. Rahoton ASRS ya nuna cewa hanyoyi daban-daban na matsin lamba na lokaci na iya haifar da amsawar sarkar, tare da ɗayan yana kaiwa zuwa wani. Tushen matsin lokaci sun hada da: <ref name="Veillette2007">{{Cite journal |last=Veillette |first=Patrick R. |date=Oct 2007 |title=Time Pressures: This threat is one of the most common . . . and very lethal . . . causes of human error. |journal=Business & Commercial Aviation |volume=101 |issue=4 |page=26}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Tushen !Kashi (%) |- |Shirye-shiryen lokaci |53 |- |Sabis ɗin FBO mai jinkiri |39 |- |Fasinjoji sun bayyana da wuri |38 |- |Matsalar kula da fasinjoji |37 |- |Saurin |36 |- |Cutar ATC |32 |- |Sashe mara aiki |19 |- |Ayyukan da ke haifar da yanayi |18 |} [[Fayil:Night_flight_operations_DVIDS166818.jpg|alt= Workload significantly increases during night flying.|thumb|Ayyukan aiki suna ƙaruwa sosai yayin tashi da dare.]] Ayyuka da yawa suna faruwa ne lokacin da yawan aikin ya wuce iyakar ikon aiki na matukin jirgi. Nazarin ya nuna cewa wannan shine mafi girman dalilin muhalli na damuwa na jirgin sama.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=C.A. |first=Castro |last2=P.D. |first2=Bliese |date=2000 |title=Role clarity, work overload and organization support: multilevel evidence of the importance of support |journal=Work & Stress |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=65‐73 |doi=10.1080/026783700417230 |s2cid=145199942}}</ref> Akwai kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin nauyin aiki da matakin damuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guezennec |first=C. Y. |last2=Satabin |first2=P. |last3=Legrand |first3=H. |last4=Bigard |first4=A. X. |date=1994 |title=Physical performance and metabolic changes induced by combined prolonged exercise and different energy intakes in humans |journal=European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology |volume=68 |issue=6 |pages=525–530 |doi=10.1007/bf00599524 |pmid=7957146 |s2cid=27819717}}</ref> Dangane da tsarin aiki na Karasek, damuwa ta aiki ta haifar da aikin canji da sarrafa aiki.<ref name="tourigny2010">{{Cite journal |last=Tourigny |first=Louise |last2=Baba |first2=Vishwanath V. |last3=Wang |first3=Xiaoyun |date=2010 |title=Stress episode in aviation: the case of China |journal=Cross Cultural Management |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=62–78 |doi=10.1108/13527601011016916}}</ref> Yawancin lokaci, lokacin da matukan jirgi suka sami sabon aiki, suna farawa ta hanyar tashi da jiragen sama da ba a saba da su ba a lokutan da ba su dace ba, kuma waɗannan abubuwan biyu na iya haifar da damuwa.<ref name="tourigny2010" /> Bugu da ƙari, saboda mutane kaɗan ne ke aiki da dare, kowane mutum yana da alhakin ayyuka da yawa fiye da ma'aikacin rana.<ref name="tourigny2010" /> Abu na biyu na samfurin Karasek, kula da aiki, yana nufin alhakin yanke shawara na ma'aikata.<ref name="tourigny2010" /> Mafi girman wannan alhakin, mafi girman damuwa.<ref name="tourigny2010" /> Wani binciken da Wickens, na Jami'ar Illinois, ya yi, ya gano cewa aikin aiki yana shafar wayar da kan jama'a, ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci wajen sarrafa jirgin sama ta hanyar sararin samaniya mai girma uku tare da haɗari.<ref name="wickens2002">{{Cite journal |last=Wickens |first=Christopher D. |date=2002 |title=Situation Awareness and Workload in Aviation |journal=Current Directions in Psychological Science |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=128–133 |doi=10.1111/1467-8721.00184 |s2cid=145749031}}</ref> A lokacin jirgin, dole ne matukan jirgi su saka idanu da sarrafa masu canji shida. Uku daga cikinsu - yaw, farar, da mirgina - suna da alaƙa da matakai na jirgin sama kuma an san su da masu canji. Sauran uku - tsawo, matsayi, da karkatarwa na gefe - suna da alaƙa da hanyar jirgin sama an san su da masu canjin matsayi.<ref name="wickens2002" /> Wickens ya ba da shawarar cewa saka idanu da sarrafa waɗannan masu canji yana haifar da aiki mai yawa wanda zai iya haifar da rashin sanin sararin samaniya.<ref name="wickens2002" /> Masana kimiyya sun fara ƙoƙarin rage kuskuren ɗan adam daga aiki ta hanyar haɓaka nuni na kayan aikin jirgin. Masu zanen Cockpit sun yi nazarin abubuwa biyu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mireille |first=Raby |date=1994 |title=Strategic Workload Management and Decision Biases in Aviation |journal=The International Journal of Aviation Psychology |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=211–240 |doi=10.1207/s15327108ijap0403_2}}</ref> Na farko, tsarin kayan aiki, yana nufin ko jirgin ya kamata ya bayyana ya juya yayin da bango ya kasance mai ɗorewa (exocentric) ko kuma bango ya kamata ya juya yayin cewa jirgin yana da ɗorewa. <ref name="wickens2002">{{Cite journal |last=Wickens |first=Christopher D. |date=2002 |title=Situation Awareness and Workload in Aviation |journal=Current Directions in Psychological Science |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=128–133 |doi=10.1111/1467-8721.00184 |s2cid=145749031}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFWickens2002">Wickens, Christopher D. (2002). "Situation Awareness and Workload in Aviation". ''Current Directions in Psychological Science''. '''11''' (4): <span class="nowrap">128–</span>133. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00184|10.1111/1467-8721.00184]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145749031 145749031].</cite></ref> Masu zanen sun kammala cewa, kodayake ƙwararrun matukan jirgi suna aiki daidai a kowane nau'in nuni, matukan jirage gabaɗaya suna aiki mafi kyau tare da nuni na waje. Abu na biyu, digiri na haɗin kai, yana nufin ko nuni na jirgin ya kamata ya zama nau'i biyu ko nau'i uku. Masu zanen sun gano cewa, duk da cewa nuni na 2-D yana rage rashin tabbas na bayanai saboda suna buƙatar aikin tunani na tsaye da na gefe don canza su zuwa hotuna na 3-D, nuni na 3-D yana ba da cikakken bayani ga matukan jirgi tare da ƙaramin aiki.<ref name="wickens2002" /> === Gajiya === Hukumar Tsaro ta Sufuri ta Kasa ta ba da shawarar cewa matukan jirgi su yi kuskuren yanke shawara da kuma dabarun idan sun kasance a farka na tsawon lokaci fiye da matsakaicin lokaci.<ref name="Caldwell2005">{{Cite journal |last=Caldwell |first=J.A. |date=2005 |title=Fatigue in aviation |journal=Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=85–96 |doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.07.008 |pmid=17292011}}</ref> Ya ba da rahoton cewa, daga 1974 zuwa 1992, gajiya ta shiga cikin kashi 7.8 na hatsarori na Air Force Class A, kashi 4 cikin 100 na hatsarorin Sojoji, da kashi 4 zuwa 7 cikin 100 na hadarin jirgin sama.<ref name="Caldwell2005" /> Nazarin ya nuna bambancin dangantaka tsakanin gajiya da iyawar jiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lucas |first=Samuel J. E. |last2=Anson |first2=J. Greg |last3=Palmer |first3=Craig D. |last4=Hellemans |first4=Ien J. |last5=Cotter |first5=James D. |date=May 2009 |title=The impact of 100 hours of exercise and sleep deprivation on cognitive function and physical capacities |journal=Journal of Sports Sciences |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=719–728 |doi=10.1080/02640410902798167 |pmid=19437188 |s2cid=205510585}}</ref> Yayin da gajiya ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin jiki yana raguwa, kamar yadda haƙuri da yardar rai ke yi.<ref name="Stress">{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Shouksmith |date=Dec 1997 |title=Flight Stress: Stress, Fatigue and Performance in Aviation |journal=Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology |volume=70 |issue=4 |page=413}}</ref> Rage motsawa bayan jirgin sama mai tsanani yana cutar da aikin matukin jirgi.<ref name="Stress" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=G. W. |first=Evans |last2=S. V. |first2=Jacobs |last3=D. |first3=Dooley |last4=R. |first4=Catalano |date=1987 |title=The interaction of stressful life events and chronic strain on community mental health |journal=American Journal of Community Psychology |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=23–34 |doi=10.1007/bf00919755 |pmid=3604992 |s2cid=35615387}}</ref> Wani binciken ya nuna irin wannan dangantaka tsakanin gajiya, aikin tunani, da aikin ɗan adam. An dauki matakai na ra'ayi, aiki, da kuma matakan ilimin halayyar mutum ga mahalarta takwas, masu shekaru 22 zuwa 36, a kan ayyuka masu rikitarwa guda uku bayan asarar barci na dare ɗaya.<ref name="Wilson2007">{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Glenn F. |last2=Caldwell |first2=John A. |last3=Russell |first3=Christopher A. |date=2007 |title=Performance and Psychophysiological Measures of Fatigue Effects on Aviation Related Tasks of Varying Difficulty |url=http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADA457616 |url-status=dead |journal=The International Journal of Aviation Psychology |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=219–247 |doi=10.1080/10508410701328839 |s2cid=6517393 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925132830/http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADA457616 |archive-date=September 25, 2017}}</ref> Bayanan sun ba da shawarar cewa yayin da ci gaba da farkawa ke ƙaruwa, lokacin amsawa mai sauƙi yana ƙaruwa, yana lalata shirye-shiryen masu aiki don ayyuka.<ref name="Wilson2007" /> Idan aka ba da rikitarwa ayyukan da ke cikin jirgin sama, guje wa gajiya yana da ƙalubale. Koyaya, bincike ya nuna cewa dabarun tsarawa kafin da bayan zirga-zirga na iya inganta faɗakarwar matukin jirgi da amincin jirgin sama.<ref name="Caldwell2005">{{Cite journal |last=Caldwell |first=J.A. |date=2005 |title=Fatigue in aviation |journal=Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=85–96 |doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.07.008 |pmid=17292011}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFCaldwell2005">Caldwell, J.A. (2005). "Fatigue in aviation". ''Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease''. '''3''' (2): <span class="nowrap">85–</span>96. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.07.008|10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.07.008]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17292011 17292011].</cite></ref> Kwamitin Kungiyar Likitocin Kayan Kayan Kwarewar Kayan Kungiyar Kayan Kimiyyar Kayan Kyakkyawan Kayan Kwararrun Kwararrun ya ba da shawarar hypnotics da sauran abubuwa, wasu ba a tsara su ba, don kara ingancin barcin matukan jirgi kafin tashi. Rahoton kwamitin ya bayyana cewa Sojojin Sama na Amurka suna amfani da magungunan hypnotic, kamar su temazepam, Zolpidem, da Zaleplon, don wannan dalili.<ref name="Caldwell2009">{{Cite journal |last=Caldwell |first=John A. |last2=Mallis |first2=Melissa M. |last3=Caldwell |first3=J. Lynn |last4=Paul |first4=Michel A. |last5=Miller |first5=James C |last6=Neri |first6=David F. |date=2009 |title=Fatigue Countermeasures in Aviation |journal=Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=29–59 |doi=10.3357/asem.2435.2009 |pmid=19180856}}</ref> Koyaya, tunda magungunan hypnotic na iya haifar da rashin barci a lokacin farkawa, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da maganin da aka ba shi, lokacin rana, da tsawon lokacin bacci. Hanyar da ba ta magani ba ta haɗa da ayyukan barci masu kyau, bacci, motsa jiki, da abinci mai gina jiki. Kwamitin ya ba da shawarar cewa ingancin bacci na iya zama da mahimmanci kamar yawan, kuma cewa yin bacci kafin sauyawar dare na iya kara aikin matukin jirgi.<ref name="Caldwell2009" /> Bugu da kari, motsa jiki da abinci mai gina jiki suna taimaka wa matukan jirgi su kula da lafiyar jiki, wanda zai iya rage mummunan tasirin asarar bacci.<ref name="Caldwell2009" /> === Sauti === Dangane da bincike, bayyanar hayaniya na iya haifar da damuwa ta jiki da haɗarin kiwon lafiya na dogon lokaci <ref name="Wallenius2004">{{Cite journal |last=Wallenius |first=Marjut A. |date=June 2004 |title=The interaction of noise stress and personal project stress on subjective health |journal=Journal of Environmental Psychology |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=167–177 |doi=10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.002}}</ref> kamar raunin ji, fushi, da rikicewar bacci, <ref name="Willy2000">{{Cite journal |last=Passchier-Vermeer |first=W. |last2=Passchier |first2=W. F. |year=2000 |title=Noise exposure and public health |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=108 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=123–131 |doi=10.1289/ehp.00108s1123 |pmc=1637786 |pmid=10698728}}</ref> dukansu zasu iya rage aikin. Rashin jin ba kawai hayaniya ba ne kawai ya haifar da shi yayin tashi, har ma da ayyukan nishaɗi kamar sauraron kiɗa. A cewar Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don daidaitawa (IOS), sauti a ƙasa da decibel 70 ba zai haifar da raunin ji ga kashi 95 cikin dari na mutane ba.<ref name="Willy2000">{{Cite journal |last=Passchier-Vermeer |first=W. |last2=Passchier |first2=W. F. |year=2000 |title=Noise exposure and public health |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=108 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=123–131 |doi=10.1289/ehp.00108s1123 |pmc=1637786 |pmid=10698728}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPasschier-VermeerPasschier2000">Passchier-Vermeer, W.; Passchier, W. F. (2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): <span class="nowrap">123–</span>131. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</cite></ref> Koyaya, ƙofofin ƙididdigar lafiya sun bambanta bisa ga shekaru da sauran dalilai. Har ila yau, hayaniya na iya samun tasirin zamantakewar al'umma na fushi.<ref name="Wallenius2004">{{Cite journal |last=Wallenius |first=Marjut A. |date=June 2004 |title=The interaction of noise stress and personal project stress on subjective health |journal=Journal of Environmental Psychology |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=167–177 |doi=10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.002}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFWallenius2004">Wallenius, Marjut A. (June 2004). "The interaction of noise stress and personal project stress on subjective health". ''Journal of Environmental Psychology''. '''24''' (2): <span class="nowrap">167–</span>177. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.002|10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.002]].</cite></ref> Wannan yana faruwa tsakanin 55 da 60 decibels ga kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na ma'aikatan ofis.<ref name="Wallenius2004" /> Sakamakon na uku na hayaniya shine rikicewar bacci. Nau'o'in rikicewar bacci sun hada da: <ref name="Willy2000">{{Cite journal |last=Passchier-Vermeer |first=W. |last2=Passchier |first2=W. F. |year=2000 |title=Noise exposure and public health |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=108 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=123–131 |doi=10.1289/ehp.00108s1123 |pmc=1637786 |pmid=10698728}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFPasschier-VermeerPasschier2000">Passchier-Vermeer, W.; Passchier, W. F. (2000). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 "Noise exposure and public health"]. ''Environmental Health Perspectives''. '''108''' (Suppl 1): <span class="nowrap">123–</span>131. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|10.1289/ehp.00108s1123]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1637786 1637786]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10698728 10698728].</cite></ref> * canje-canje a cikin Tsarin zuciya * canje-canje a cikin tsarin bacci, kamar karuwar lokacin bacci da farkawa da wuri * rage zurfin bacci * karuwar motsi yayin bacci * canje-canje a cikin ingancin bacci da aka samu * canje-canje a cikin tsarin hormonal da rigakafi Dangane da binciken IOS, hayaniya tana shafar aikin matukin jirgi ta hanyar kara farkawa, rage hankali ga ayyuka, da canza zaɓin dabarun.<ref name="Wallenius2004">{{Cite journal |last=Wallenius |first=Marjut A. |date=June 2004 |title=The interaction of noise stress and personal project stress on subjective health |journal=Journal of Environmental Psychology |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=167–177 |doi=10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.002}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFWallenius2004">Wallenius, Marjut A. (June 2004). "The interaction of noise stress and personal project stress on subjective health". ''Journal of Environmental Psychology''. '''24''' (2): <span class="nowrap">167–</span>177. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.002|10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.002]].</cite></ref> Bugu da ƙari, hayaniya da ba a so na iya nutsar da wasu sautuna, don haka ya lalata sadarwa tsakanin ma'aikatan jirgin, rufe sigina a cikin jirgin, da kuma jan hankalin ma'aikatan daga mahimman alamun zamantakewa.<ref name="Wallenius2004" /> [[Fayil:US_Navy_030128-N-1810F-004_Hornet_launches.jpg|alt=Thermal stress is normally experienced by military pilots.|thumb|Matsalar zafi yawanci ana fuskantar ta matukan jirgin sama na soja. ]] === Yanayin zafi === Matsi da ke haifar da [[Temperature|zafin jiki]] ana kiransa matsin zafi [[Danshi|ruwa]] yawanci matukan jirgin sama na soja suna fuskantar shi. Kodayake jirgin sama na soja yana da [[Sauyin yanayin muhalli da Jirgin Sama ke kawowa|Tsarin kula da muhalli]], zafin jiki a cikin jirgin zai iya tashi da sauri fiye da digiri 10 na Celsius sama da zafin jiki na yanayi, kuma Sojojin Sama sun ba da shawarar cewa yana yiwuwa yanayin zafi ya wuce {{Convert|45|C}} ° C (113 ° F). <ref name="Shetty2015">{{Cite journal |last=Shetty |first=Janardhana |last2=Lawson |first2=Craig P. |date=June 2015 |title=Simulation for temperature control of a military aircraft cockpit to avoid pilot's thermal stress |journal=CEAS Aeronautical Journal |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.1007/s13272-015-0149-0 |s2cid=110740472 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Lokacin da irin wannan yanayin zafi ya faru a cikin yanayin zafi, duka aikin tunani da na jiki zai lalace. Lokacin da jirgin sama ke aiki kusa da ƙasa a babban saurin iska, tasirin ya fi muni saboda dumama iska na saman jirgin sama.<ref name="Shetty2015" /> Matsalar zafi kuma tana haifar da yanayin sanyi. Lokacin da matukan jirgin saman soja ke aiki a babban tsawo tare da saurin iska, zafin jiki a cikin jirgin ya faɗi. Wannan yana shafar lafiyar jiki da ingancin aiki. Bugu da kari, damuwa ta zafi tana ƙaruwa yayin da bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin filin jirgin sama mai tashi da tsawo na aiki ke ƙaruwa. Misali, idan matukin jirgi na soja ya hau daga filin jirgin sama na {{Convert|45|C}} ° C (113 ° F) zuwa -60 ° C (-76 ° F) tsawo mai aiki na ƙafa 40,000, saurin canji yana haifar da damuwa mai zafi kuma yana hana aikin matukin jirage.<ref name="Coffel2015">{{Cite journal |last=Coffel |first=E. |last2=Horton |first2=R. |date=2015 |title=Climate Change and the Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Aviation |journal=Weather, Climate, and Society |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=94–102 |doi=10.1175/wcas-d-14-00026.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a rage damuwa ta zafi shine kiyaye zafin jiki da matsin lamba a cikin jirgin a cikin kewayon da aka yarda da su, ta amfani da tsarin kula da zafin jiki. Koyaya, matsala ɗaya tare da wannan tsarin ita ce tana aiki ta hanyar auna zafin jiki na busassun iska ba tare da ɗaukar zafin jiki da zafi ba.{{Convert|33|C}} Rashin zafi yana tashi yayin aiki a ƙananan tsawo saboda tasirin greenhouse da zafi a saman jirgin sama.<ref name="Shetty2015" /> Bugu da ƙari, idan zafin jirgin ya wuce zafin fata, wanda shine 33 ° C (91 ° F), <ref name="Shetty2015" /> matukin jirgi zai yi gumi, wanda ke haifar da karuwar danshi yayin da gumi ya bushe. A yau, Sojojin Sama suna amfani da tsarin sanyaya iska mai ci gaba wanda ke kimanta matsakaicin zafin jiki na fata na matukan jirgi da zafin jiki mai laushi.<ref name="Shetty2015" /> Ta hanyar auna yanayin matukan jirgi kai tsaye a cikin jirgin, sabon tsarin yana rage damuwa ta zafi kuma yana tallafawa ingancin aiki.<ref name="Coffel2015">{{Cite journal |last=Coffel |first=E. |last2=Horton |first2=R. |date=2015 |title=Climate Change and the Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Aviation |journal=Weather, Climate, and Society |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=94–102 |doi=10.1175/wcas-d-14-00026.1 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="1" id="CITEREFCoffelHorton2015">Coffel, E.; Horton, R. (2015). [[doi:10.1175/wcas-d-14-00026.1|"Climate Change and the Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Aviation"]]. ''Weather, Climate, and Society''. '''7''' (1): <span class="nowrap">94–</span>102. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1175/wcas-d-14-00026.1|10.1175/wcas-d-14-00026.1]]</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o11hx3q6j05jxnvriuf4ahg4s25wlmz 0 111130 887960 887573 2026-07-27T05:03:02Z Mahuta 11340 887960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Map_of_USA_with_state_and_territory_names_2.png|alt=Political map of the United States.|thumb|Taswirar siyasa ta [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da ke nuna [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|jihohin]] 50, babban birnin [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], da manyan yankuna biyar na Amurka. [Littafi na 1]{{Refn|Areas not on the map: [[Aleutian Islands]] ([[Alaska]]); [[Northwest Hawaiian Islands]] ([[Hawaii]]); [[Mona Island]] ([[Puerto Rico]]); [[Rota (island)|Rota]] and [[Northern Islands Municipality]] ([[Northern Mariana Islands]]); [[Manu'a|Manu'a Islands]], [[Rose Atoll]] and [[Swains Island]] ([[American Samoa]]) and the [[U.S. Minor Outlying Islands]]}}]] Kalmar "[[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]," lokacin da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin ma'anar ƙasa, tana nufin Amurka mai haɗuwa (wani lokacin ana kiranta Lower 48, gami da [[Washington, D.C.|Gundumar Columbia]] ba a matsayin jiha ba), [[Alaska]], [[Hawaii]], yankuna biyar na tsibirin [[Puerto Rico]], Tsibirin Mariana na Arewa, Tsibirin Virgin na [[Amurka]], [[Guam]], Samoa ta Amurka, da ƙananan kadarorin waje. [[Amurka]] tana da iyakokin ƙasa tare da [[Kanada]] da [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] da iyakokin teku tare da [[Rasha]], [[Cuba]], [[Bahamas]], da sauran ƙasashe da yawa, galibi a cikin Caribbear ban da [[Kanada]] da [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]]. Yankin arewacin Amurka da Kanada shine iyakar ƙasa mafi tsawo a duniya. Jihar [[Hawaii]] ta kasance a fannin ilimin lissafi da kabilanci wani bangare ne na yankin Polynesia na [[Osheniya|Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Yankunan Amurka suna cikin [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] da [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]]. == Yankin == Ta hanyar jimlar yanki (ruwa da ƙasa), Amurka ko dai dan kadan ne ko karami fiye da [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]], yana mai da ita ƙasa ta uku ko ta huɗu mafi girma a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Largest Countries in the World by Area |url=https://www.worldometers.info/geography/largest-countries-in-the-world/ |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Worldometer |language=en}}</ref> Kasashen biyu sun fi karami fiye da [[Rasha]] da [[Kanada]] a cikin jimlar yanki amma sun fi [[Brazil]] girma. Ta hanyar yankin ƙasa kawai (ban da ruwa), Amurka ita ce ƙasa ta uku mafi girma a duniya, bayan Rasha da China, tare da Kanada a matsayi na huɗu. Ko Amurka ko China ita ce ƙasa ta uku mafi girma ta jimlar yanki ya dogara da dalilai biyu: (1) ingancin da'awar China a kan Aksai Chin da Trans-Karakoram Tract (duk waɗannan yankuna suna da'awar Indiya, don haka ba a ƙidaya su ba); da kuma (2) yadda Amurka ke lissafin yankin ta. Tun lokacin da aka fara buga littafin World Factbook, CIA ta sabunta jimlar yankin Amurka sau da yawa. == Halaye na gaba ɗaya == [[Fayil:USA-satellite.jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na Amurka mai haɗuwa, inda gandun daji masu matsakaici da masu zafi na gandun daji, coniferous, broadleaved evergreen, tsire-tsire masu gauraye, ciyawa, gandun daji na tsaunuka, da gonaki masu yawa suna da yawa a gabas, suna canzawa zuwa Filayen, gandun dajin boreal, Rockies a yamma, da hamada a kudu maso yamma. Yawancin jama'ar ƙasar suna kewaye da manyan tabkuna da Jihohin Atlantic.]] [[Fayil:HawaiiGeography.png|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na [[Hawaii]], inda tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta ke da rinjaye a Babban Tsibirin; tsibirin suna da bakin teku, rairayin bakin teku, da kuma yanayin zafi, kodayake yanayin zafi da zafi ba su da matsananci saboda kusan iskar kasuwanci daga gabas.]] Amurka tana da iyakokin ƙasa tare da Kanada a arewa da [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] a kudu, iyakar Ruwa na yankin tare da Rasha a arewa maso yamma, da iyakokin ruwa guda biyu a kudu maso gabas tsakanin [[Florida]] da [[Cuba]], da Florida da [[Bahamas]]. Jihohin 48 da ke kusa da su suna da iyaka da [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] a yamma, [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] a gabas, da Tekun Mexico a kudu maso gabas. [[Alaska]] tana kan iyaka da Tekun Pacific a kudu da kudu maso yamma, Bering Strait a yamma, da [[Tekun Arewa Mai Sanyi|Tekun Arctic]] a arewa; [[Hawaii]] tana da nisa a kudu maso yammacin yankin a cikin Tekun Pacific. Kashi arba'in da takwas na jihohi suna cikin yanki ɗaya tsakanin Kanada da Mexico. Ana kiran wannan rukuni, tare da bambancin daidaito da tsari, a matsayin Amurka mai haɗuwa, kuma a matsayin "Lower 48". Alaska, wanda aka haɗa a cikin kalmar "ƙasar Amurka", yana a ƙarshen arewa maso yammacin [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]]. An kafa babban birnin ƙasar, Washington, D.C. a shekara ta 1800 bayan an ƙaura zuwa wurin daga Philadelphia. An kafa ta a matsayin gundumar tarayya da ke kan ƙasar da jihar Maryland ta bayar; Har ila yau, Virginia ta ba da gudummawar filaye, amma an mayar da ita a 1849. Har ila yau, {asar Amirka na da yankuna na ketare tare da matakai daban-daban na yancin kai da ƙungiya, ciki har da yankunan Caribbean na Puerto Rico da US Virgin Islands, wanda aka sani da tsibirin Virgin Virgin Islands kuma Amurka ta saya a farkon yakin duniya na biyu, yankunan Pacific na Amurka da Arewacin Amirka da Guhabinam Islands, Gunanim Islands. yankuna. Wasu yankunan da aka samu sun kasance wani ɓangare na juyin halitta na ƙasar Amurka ko kuma sakamakon ƙoƙarin da al'ummar ƙasar ke yi na samun damar zuwa gabas. Kusan dukkanin Amurka suna cikin Arewacin Hemisphere ban da Samoa ta Amurka da Tsibirin Jarvis . == Rarrabawar jiki == [[Fayil:US_physiographic_map.jpg|thumb|Taswirar ilimin lissafi na jihohi 48 da ke kusa da Amurka kuma yana nuna shekarun farfajiyar da aka fallasa da kuma nau'in ƙasa]] [[Fayil:Scipio_Township_near_Republic.jpg|thumb|Hoton sama a arewacin [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]]; yawancin tsakiyar Amurka an rufe shi da ƙasa mai laushi, mai noma.]] A cikin nahiyar Amurka akwai ƙungiyoyi takwas daban-daban na physiographic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-04-17 |title=Physiographic Regions |url=http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515044037/http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html |archive-date=2006-05-15 |access-date=2008-01-30 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> Wadannan manyan rarrabuwa sune: * Laurentian Upland - wani ɓangare na Garkuwar Kanada wanda ya kai ga arewacin AmurkaLaurentian Upland - wani yanki na Garkuwar Kanada wanda ya mamaye yankin Manyan Tafkuna na Arewacin Amurka. Filin Atlantika - yankunan bakin teku na gabas da kudancin sassan sun hada da shiryayye na nahiyar, Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Fasha. Dutsen Appalachian - yana kwance a gefen gabashin Amurka, ya haɗa da tsaunin Appalachian, tsaunin Watchung, Adirondacks da lardin New England a asali suna ɗauke da Babban Dajin Gabas, shimfiɗar yanayin zafi mai gauraya da gandun daji na montane, wasu daga cikinsu akwai gandun daji. Ciki Filaye - wani ɓangare na ciki nahiyar Amurka, ya hada da Great Plains, kazalika da yawan tsaunuka da tsaunuka yankuna, kamar Black Hills, m kogo tsarin, fentin tuddai da badland fasali. Tsaunukan cikin gida - kuma wani yanki na cikin nahiyar Amurka, wannan yanki ya haɗa da Ozark Plateau, Dutsen Ouachita, da sauran ƙananan tsarin tsaunuka.  Wannan yanki yana cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi/dashi da bushewar gandun daji. Tsarin Dutsen Rocky - reshe ɗaya na tsarin Cordillera na Amurka wanda ke kwance a cikin ƙasa mai nisa a cikin jihohin yamma. Intermontane Plateaus - kuma an raba shi zuwa Plateau Columbia, Plateau Colorado da Lardin Basin da Range, tsari ne na tudu, kwalaye, jeri da kwazazzabo tsakanin Tsarin Dutsen Rocky da Pacific.  Ita ce saitin Grand Canyon, Babban Basin da Kwarin Mutuwa. Tsarin tsaunin Pacific - tsaunukan bakin teku da fasali a gabar tekun yamma na [[Amurka]]. [[Fayil:MountMcKinley_BA.jpg|thumb|Denali, wanda aka sanya a matsayin Dutsen McKinley, a [[Alaska]], shine dutse mafi tsawo a Arewacin Amurka, a {{Convert|20310|ft|m|1}} .]] [[Fayil:Grand_Canyon_from_Moran_Point.jpeg|thumb|[[Grand Canyon]], wanda aka gani a nan daga Moran Point, yana daga cikin wuraren da aka fi ziyarta a kasar.]] gabashin Amurka yana da yanayin ƙasa daban-daban. Yankin bakin teku mai faɗi, mai laushi a bakin tekun Atlantika da Gulf daga iyakar Texas-Mexico zuwa [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], kuma ya haɗa da tsibirin Florida. Wannan fili mai faɗi da tsibirai masu shinge sun zama mafi faɗin kuma mafi tsawo a Amurka, yawancin su sun ƙunshi taushi, fararen yashi. Florida Keys jerin tsibirai ne na murjani waɗanda suka kai birnin da ya fi kudu a ƙasar Amurka a Key West a Kudancin Florida. Yankunan da ke cikin ƙasa suna da tuddai masu juyawa, duwatsu, da tarin wurare daban-daban na yanayin zafi da kuma gandun daji masu laushi. Sassan ciki na Florida da Kudancin Carolina suma gida ne ga al'ummomin sandhill. Duwatsun Appalachia sun samar da layin ƙananan duwatsu da ke raba gabashin tekun daga Great Lakes da Mississippi basins. New England tana da bakin teku masu duwatsu da tsaunuka masu tsawo tare da tsaunukan da suka kai 6,200 feet da kwari da ke cike da koguna da rafi. Tsibirin da ke bakin teku sun mamaye iyakar Tekun Atlantika da Tekun Gulf. Wani bincike na nesa na duniya na baya-bayan nan ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai 6,622 km2 na Filayen ruwa a Amurka, yana mai da shi ƙasa ta 4 a cikin yanayin filayen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=N.J. |last2=Phinn |first2=S.R. |last3=DeWitt |first3=M. |last4=Ferrari |first4=R. |last5=Johnston |first5=R. |last6=Lyons |first6=M.B. |last7=Clinton |first7=N. |last8=Thau |first8=D. |last9=Fuller |first9=R.A. |date=2019 |title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8 |journal=Nature |volume=565 |issue=7738 |pages=222–225 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 |pmid=30568300 |s2cid=56481043 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>&nbsp; Babban Tafkuna guda biyar suna cikin yankin arewa maso tsakiya na ƙasar, hudu daga cikinsu suna cikin iyakar da Kanada; Tafkin Michigan ne kawai ke cikin Amurka. kudu maso gabashin Amurka, yawanci yana shimfiɗa daga [[Kogin Ohio]] zuwa kudu, ya haɗa da nau'ikan zafi mai zafi da kuma gandun daji mai laushi, da kuma ganduna masu zafi da kuma busassun gandun daji da ke kusa da Great Plains a yammacin yankin. Yammacin Appalachians yana da tafkin Kogin Mississippi mai kyau da manyan koguna biyu na gabas, Kogin Ohio da Kogin Tennessee. Kwarin Ohio da Tennessee da Midwest sun kunshi mafi yawan tuddai masu juyawa, tsaunuka na ciki da ƙananan duwatsu, gandun daji mai kama da gandun daji da kuma tafki kusa da Kogin Ohio, da gonar gona mai amfani, wanda ya shimfiɗa kudu zuwa Tekun Gulf. Midwest kuma yana da tsarin koguna da yawa. Babban Filaye yana yamma da Kogin Mississippi da gabashin Dutsen Rocky. An noma kaso mai yawa na amfanin gona na ƙasar a cikin Babban Filaye. Kafin juyar da su gabaɗaya zuwa ƙasar noma, an lura da Manyan Filaye don faɗuwar filayen ciyayi, daga dogayen ciyayi a filayen gabas zuwa gajeriyar ciyawar da ke yammacin High Plains. Tsayi yana tashi a hankali daga ƙasa da ƴan ƙafa ɗari kusa da Kogin Mississippi zuwa tsayi fiye da mil ɗaya a cikin Manyan Filaye. Gabaɗaya ƙarancin jin daɗin filayen ya karye a wurare da yawa, musamman a cikin tsaunin Ozark da Ouachita, waɗanda suka zama tsaunukan cikin gida na Amurka, yanki mai tsaunuka kawai tsakanin tsaunin Rocky da tsaunin Appalachian. . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Managing Upland Forests of the Midsouth |url=http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/4106/about/HotSpringsOffice.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017222856/http://srs.fs.usda.gov/4106/about/HotSpringsOffice.htm |archive-date=2007-10-17 |access-date=2007-10-13 |publisher=United States Forestry Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Tapestry of Time and Terrain: The Union of Two Maps – Geology and Topography |url=http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515044037/http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html |archive-date=2006-05-15 |access-date=2007-10-13 |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> Babban Filayen ya zo ga ƙarshen kwatsam a Dutsen Rocky. Duwatsun Rocky sun samar da babban ɓangare na Yammacin Amurka, suna shiga daga Kanada kuma suna kaiwa kusan zuwa Mexico. Yankin Rocky Mountain shine mafi girman yanki na Amurka ta matsakaicin tsawo. Dutsen Rocky gabaɗaya suna ƙunshe da gangara mai sauƙi da tsaunuka masu faɗi idan aka kwatanta da wasu manyan tsaunuka, tare da 'yan kaɗan, gami da Teton Range a [[Wyoming]] da Sawatch Range a [[Colorado]]. Ana samun tsaunuka mafi girma na Rockies a Colorado, mafi tsawo shine Dutsen Elbert a {{Convert|14440|ft|m}} ft (4,400 . Maimakon kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin tsaunuka masu ɗorewa da ƙarfi, an raba shi zuwa ƙananan tsaunuka da yawa, suna samar da manyan jerin kwari da kwari. Yammacin Dutsen Rocky yana da Intermontane Plateaus, wanda aka fi sani da Intermountain West, babban hamada mai bushewa da ke tsakanin Rockies da Cascades da Sierra Nevada. Babban ɓangaren kudancin, wanda aka sani da Great Basin, ya ƙunshi filayen gishiri, wuraren zubar da ruwa, da ƙananan tsaunuka masu yawa na arewa maso kudu. Kudu maso Yamma galibi yankin hamada ne mai ƙasƙanci. Wani bangare da aka sani da Colorado Plateau, wanda ke kewaye da yankin Four Corners, an dauke shi da wasu daga cikin wurare masu ban sha'awa a duniya. An jaddada shi a cikin wuraren shakatawa na kasa kamar Grand Canyon, Arches, Mesa Verde da Bryce Canyon, da sauransu. Sauran ƙananan yankunan Intermontane sun haɗa da Columbia Plateau, wanda ke rufe gabashin [[Washington (jiha)|Jihar Washington]], yammacin [[Idaho]] da arewa maso gabashin [[Oregon]] da Snake River Plain a kudancin Idaho. Inter Plateaus ya zo ƙarshe a Cascade Range da Sierra Nevada. Cascades sun kunshi tsaunuka saurin saurin sauka, da yawa suna tashi daga yanayin da ke kewaye. Sierra Nevada, a kudu, yana da tsaunuka masu tsawo, masu tsawo da yawa. Ya ƙunshi mafi girman batu a cikin jihohi 48, Dutsen Whitney ({{Convert|14505|ft|0}} m). Tana kan iyaka tsakanin yankunan Inyo da Tulare na California, kawai {{Convert|84.6|mi|1}} yammacin arewa maso yammacin mafi ƙasƙanci a Arewacin Amurka a Badwater Basin a Death Valley National Park a {{Convert|279|ft}} m ƙasa da matakin teku.<ref name="NED">{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2015 |title=USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) 1 meter Downloadable Data Collection from The National Map 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) – National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA) National Elevation Data Set (NED) |url=https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/usgs-national-elevation-dataset-ned-1-meter-downloadable-data-collection-from-the-national-map- |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325085854/https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/usgs-national-elevation-dataset-ned-1-meter-downloadable-data-collection-from-the-national-map- |archive-date=March 25, 2019 |access-date=September 22, 2015 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> Wadannan yankuna suna dauke da wasu wurare masu ban sha'awa, kamar yadda wuraren shakatawa na kasa kamar Yosemite da Dutsen Rainier suka tabbatar. Yammacin Cascades da Sierra Nevada jerin kwari ne, kamar Central Valley a [[California|California ta]] Willamette Valley a Oregon. Tare da bakin tekun akwai jerin ƙananan tsaunuka da aka sani da Pacific Coast Ranges . Alaska ta ƙunshi wasu daga cikin wurare masu ban mamaki a cikin ƙasar. Tsawon tsaunuka masu tsawo, shahararrun tsaunuka sun tashi da sauri daga tsaunuka mai faɗi. A kan tsibirai a kudu da kudu maso yammacin gabar akwai tsaunuka masu yawa. Hawaii, da ke kudu da Alaska a cikin Tekun Pacific, sarkar wurare ne na wurare masu zafi, tsibirai masu fashewa, sananne ne a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido ga mutane da yawa daga Gabashin Asiya da Amurka. Yankunan Puerto Rico da tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka sun ƙunshi tsibirai masu yawa a arewa maso gabashin Tekun Caribbean. A cikin Tekun Fasifik yankunan Guam da Tsibirin Mariana na Arewa sun mamaye tsibirin dutse da tsibirin dutsen wuta na tsibirin Mariana, kuma Samoa ta Amurka (ƙasar Amurka da ke da yawan jama'a a kudancin kudancin) ta ƙunshi tsaunuka masu fashewa da coral a gabashin Tsibirin Samoa.{{Refn|One island in American Samoa ([[Swains Island]]) is not in the Samoan Islands — it is in the [[Tokelau]] island chain.}} Tekun Atlantika na Amurka ba shi da ƙarfi, tare da ƙananan keɓanta. Babban tudun Appalachian yana da yanayin da ya dace daga arewa maso gabas-kudu maso yamma zuwa ga nakasun ɓawon burodi wanda a farkon lokacin ilimin ƙasa ya fara abin da daga baya ya zama tsarin tsaunin Appalachian. Wannan tsarin yana da madaidaicin nakasarsa tuntuni (wataƙila a lokacin Permian) wanda tun daga lokacin an rage shi gabaɗaya zuwa matsakaici ko ƙarancin taimako. Yana da bashin tsayin daka na yau ko dai don sabunta tsaunuka tare da layin farko ko kuma don tsira daga cikin mafi tsayin duwatsu a matsayin sauran tsaunuka. Halin da ake ciki na wannan gabar tekun zai fi fitowa fili amma ga wani yunkuri na zamani na zamani, yana haifar da damuwa a arewa maso gabas wanda ke haifar da mamaye teku a kan kasa. Bugu da ƙari, sashin kudu maso gabas ya sami wani tsayi wanda ya haifar da ci gaban ƙasa a kan teku. Duk da yake bakin tekun Atlantika yana da ƙanƙanta, bakin tekun Pacific, tare da 'yan kaɗan, tuddai ne ko tsaunuka. Wannan bakin tekun an bayyana shi ne ta hanyar lalacewar ƙwayoyin ƙasa na baya-bayan nan, sabili da haka har yanzu yana adana mafi girma fiye da na Atlantic. Ƙananan bakin tekun Atlantika da tsaunuka ko tsaunuka na bakin tekun Pacific suna nuna manyan fasalulluka a cikin rarraba duwatsu a cikin [[Amurka]]. Tsarin Gabas na Gabas na Appalachian, asalin dajin da aka rufe, yana da ɗan ƙaranci kuma kunkuntar kuma yana iyaka da kudu maso gabas da kudu da wani muhimmin fili na bakin teku.  Tsarin Cordilleran a gefen yammacin nahiyar yana da girma, fadi da rikitarwa, yana da rassa guda biyu, Tsarin Dutsen Rocky da Tsarin Dutsen Pacific.  Tsakanin waɗannan tsaunukan tsaunuka suna cikin Intermontane Plateaus.  Duka kogin Columbia da kogin Colorado sun tashi a cikin ƙasa mai nisa kusa da gabas membobin tsarin Cordilleran, kuma suna gudana ta cikin tudun faranti da tafkunan intermontane zuwa teku.  Manyan dazuzzuka sun mamaye gabar tekun arewa maso yamma, amma a wasu wurare ana samun bishiyoyi ne kawai a kan manyan jeri a ƙasan yankin Alpine.  Kwaruruka na tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki, tudun ruwa da kwararo-kwararo sun fito ne daga mara bishiya zuwa hamada tare da mafi ƙasƙanci yankin yana kudu maso yamma. Laurentian Highlands, Interior Plains da Interior Highlands suna tsakanin gabar teku biyu, daga Tekun Mexico zuwa arewa, nesa da iyakar ƙasa, zuwa [[Tekun Arewa Mai Sanyi|Tekun Arctic]]. Filayen tsakiya sun kasu kashi biyu ta hanyar tsawo mai tsawo a cikin yankin [[Kanada]] da Amurka. Daga gefen Amurka ne babban tsarin [[Mississippi (kogi)|Mississippi]] ya fito zuwa kudu zuwa Tekun Mexico. Yankin saman Mississippi da wasu daga cikin tafkin [[Kogin Ohio|Ohio]] shine yankin da ba shi da ruwa, tare da bishiyoyi da suka samo asali ne kawai a gefen ruwa. An haɗa tsaunuka zuwa ga Appalachians a cikin babban yankin gandun daji na gabas, yayin da yammacin ɓangaren filayen yana da yanayin busasshiyar da ke tallafawa rayuwar shuke-shuke kaɗan, kuma a kudu, kusan babu shi da kyau. * Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci: Death Valley, Inyo County, California -280 * Matsayi mafi girma: Denali / Dutsen McKinley, Denali Borough, Alaska {{Convert|20310|ft|m|1}} == Yanayi ==   [[Fayil:US_50_states_Köppen_with_territories.png|thumb|[[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Nau'ikan yanayi na Köppen]] na Amurka, gami da yankuna biyar da aka zauna a Amurka) ]] [[Fayil:Average_precipitation_in_the_lower_48_states_of_the_USA.png|thumb|Taswirar matsakaicin ruwan sama a duk faɗin Amurka]] Saboda girman girmansa da kewayon siffofin ƙasa, Amurka ta ƙunshi misalai na kusan kowane yanayi na duniya. Yanayin yana da zafi a Kudancin Amurka, nahiyar a arewa, mai zafi a [[Hawaii]] da kudancin [[Florida]], polar a Alaska, semiarid a cikin Great Plains yammacin 100th meridian, Bahar Rum a bakin tekun [[California]] kuma busasshiyar a cikin Great Basin da Kudu maso Yamma. Yanayinta na aikin gona mai kyau ya ba da gudummawa (a wani bangare) ga tasowa na ƙasar a matsayin ikon duniya, tare da fari mai tsanani a cikin manyan yankunan noma, rashin ambaliyar ruwa, da kuma yanayin da ya fi dacewa wanda ke samun isasshen hazo. Babban tasiri a kan yanayin Amurka shine rafin jet na polar wanda ke ƙaura zuwa arewa zuwa Kanada a cikin watanni na rani, sannan zuwa kudu zuwa Amurka a cikin watanni da hunturu. Jirgin jet din yana kawo manyan tsarin matsin lamba daga arewacin [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] wanda ke shiga Amurka a kan Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific. Yankin Cascade, Sierra Nevada, da Rocky Mountains suna karɓar mafi yawan danshi daga waɗannan tsarin yayin da suke motsawa zuwa gabas ta hanyar [[Yayafi|tasirin orographic]], kuma suna raguwa sosai lokacin da suka isa High Plains. Da zarar sun yi tafiya a kan Babban Filaye, filayen da ba a katsewa ba za su ba su damar sake tsarawa kuma zai iya haifar da babban rikici na iska. Bugu da kari, danshi daga Tekun Fasha na Mexiko galibi ana jan shi zuwa arewa. Lokacin da aka haɗa shi da rafi mai ƙarfi na jet, wannan na iya haifar da tsawa mai ƙarfi, musamman a lokacin bazara da bazara. Wani lokaci a lokacin hunturu, waɗannan guguwa za su iya haɗuwa da wani tsarin rashin ƙarfi yayin da suke hawan Gabashin Gabas da kuma cikin Tekun Atlantika, inda suke karuwa da sauri. Ana kiran waɗannan guguwa da Nor'easters kuma galibi suna kawo tartsatsi, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, iska, da dusar ƙanƙara zuwa New England. Ƙasar ciyawa da ba ta katsewa ta Babban Filaye kuma tana haifar da wasu matsananciyar sauye-sauyen yanayi a duniya. Zazzabi na iya tashi ko faɗuwa cikin sauri, iska na iya zama matsananci, kuma kwararar raƙuman zafi ko iskar Arctic sau da yawa suna tafiya ba tare da katsewa ba ta cikin filayen. Babban Basin da Columbia Plateau (Intermontane Plateaus) yankuna ne masu bushewa ko semiarid waɗanda ke kwance a cikin inuwa ruwan sama na Cascades da Sierra Nevada. Ruwan sama yana da ƙasa da inci 15 (38 . Kudu maso Yamma hamada ce mai zafi, tare da yanayin zafi sama da {{Convert|100|°F|1}} ° F (37.8 ° C) na makonni da yawa a lokaci guda a lokacin rani. Kudu maso Yamma da Babban Basin suma suna shafar ruwan sama daga Tekun California daga Yuli zuwa Satumba, wanda ke kawo tsawa mai tsanani amma sau da yawa mai tsanani a yankin. Yawancin California ya ƙunshi Yanayin Bahar Rum, tare da wani lokacin ruwan sama mai yawa daga Oktoba-Afrilu kuma kusan babu ruwan sama a sauran shekara. A cikin Pacific Northwest ruwan sama yana faɗuwa a duk shekara amma yana da nauyi sosai a lokacin hunturu da bazara. Duwatsun yamma suna samun ruwan sama mai yawa da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa. Cascades suna daya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi dusar ƙanƙara a duniya, tare da wasu wurare da ke da matsakaicin inci 600 (1,524 na dusar ƙara a kowace shekara, amma ƙananan tsaunuka kusa da bakin teku suna samun dusar ƙana kaɗan. Florida tana da yanayi mai zafi a arewacin jihar da kuma Yanayin zafi a kudancin jihar. Lokacin bazara yana da rigar kuma hunturu ya bushe a Florida. Kowace shekara, yawancin Florida da jihohin kudancin da ke cikin kudancin ba su da sanyi. Lokacin hunturu mai sauƙi na Florida ya ba da damar masana'antar 'ya'yan itace mai zafi don bunƙasa a tsakiyar jihar, yana mai da Amurka ta biyu ga Brazil kawai a cikin samar da citrus a duk duniya. Wani tasiri mai mahimmanci (amma na yanki) shine dusar ƙanƙara mai tasirin tafkin da ke faɗuwa a kudu da gabashin Great Lakes, musamman a cikin yankunan tuddai na Upper Peninsula na [[Michigan]] da kuma Tug Hill Plateau a New York. Sakamakon tafkin ya zubar da dusar ƙanƙara sama da {{Convert|5|ft|m|2}} a yankin Buffalo, New York a duk lokacin hunturu na 2006-2007. Wasatch Front da Wasatch Range a [[Utah]] suma suna iya karɓar tasirin tafkin daga Babban Tafkuna Gishiri.<gallery> Fayil:Climate_map_USA.PNG|'''Climate map USA''' Fayil:Mitchell_Map-06full2.jpg|'''Mitchell Map-06full2''' </gallery> [[Fayil:Fagatogo_Dock.jpg|thumb|Pago Pago Harbor a Samoa ta Amurka tana da ruwan sama mafi girma na shekara-shekara na kowane tashar jiragen ruwa a duniya.<ref name="LonelyplanetAS">{{Cite web |last=Lonely Planet |title=Rainmaker Mountain in Tutuila |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/american-samoa/tutuila/attractions/rainmaker-mountain/a/poi-sig/1456093/362248 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019004653/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/american-samoa/tutuila/attractions/rainmaker-mountain/a/poi-sig/1456093/362248 |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |access-date=September 1, 2019 |website=Lonely Planet}}</ref>]] A arewacin [[Alaska]], tundra da yanayin [[arctic]] sun fi yawa, kuma zafin jiki ya fadi kamar -80 ° F (-62.2 ° C). A wani ƙarshen bakan, Death Valley, California sau ɗaya ya kai {{Convert|134|°F|1}} ° F (56.7 ° C), mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin a Duniya.<ref name="Death_Valley">{{Cite web |date=January 2002 |title=Weather and Climate |url=http://www.nps.gov/deva/planyourvisit/upload/Weather.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010233536/http://www.nps.gov/deva/planyourvisit/upload/Weather.pdf |archive-date=October 10, 2006 |access-date=October 5, 2006 |website=Official website for Death Valley National Park |publisher=National Park Service U. S. Department of the Interior |pages=1–2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2012 |title=WMO Press release No. 956 |url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/press_releases/pr_956_en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406053728/http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/press_releases/pr_956_en.html |archive-date=April 6, 2016 |access-date=April 10, 2016 |publisher=World Meteorological Organization}}</ref> A matsakaici, duwatsun jihohin yamma suna karɓar mafi girman matakan dusar ƙanƙara a Duniya. Mafi girman matakin dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara yana a Dutsen Rainier a [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], a 692 inci (1,758 ; rikodin akwai 1,122 inci (2,850 a cikin hunturu na 1971-72. Wannan rikodin ya karya ta yankin Mt. Baker Ski a arewa maso yammacin Washington wanda ya ba da rahoton inci 1,140 (2,896 na dusar ƙanƙara don lokacin dusar ƙara na 1998-99. Sauran wuraren da ke da dusar ƙanƙara a waje da Cascade Range sune Dutsen Wasatch a [[Utah]], Dutsen San Juan a [[Colorado]], da Sierra Nevada a [[California]]. A gabas, yankin da ke kusa da Great Lakes da duwatsu na Arewa maso gabas suna karɓar mafi yawan dusar ƙanƙara, kodayake ba su kusa da matakan dusar ƙara a yammacin Amurka ba. Tare da gabar tekun arewa maso yammacin Pacific, [[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] ya fi ko'ina a nahiyar Amurka, tare da Quinault Rainforest a Washington yana da matsakaicin inci 137 (348 . Hawaii tana karɓar ƙarin, tare da inci 404 (1,026 da aka auna kowace shekara a cikin Big Bog, a Maui.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Longman |first=Ryan J. |last2=Giambelluca |first2=Thomas W. |last3=Nullet |first3=Michael A. |last4=Loope |first4=Lloyd L. |date=July 2015 |title=ScholarSpace at University of Hawaii at Manoa: Climatology of Haleakalā |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/36675}}</ref> Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Pago Pago a Samoa ta Amurka ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi ruwan sama a duniya (saboda Dutsen Rainmaker na mita 523). <ref name="LonelyplanetAS">{{Cite web |last=Lonely Planet |title=Rainmaker Mountain in Tutuila |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/american-samoa/tutuila/attractions/rainmaker-mountain/a/poi-sig/1456093/362248 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019004653/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/american-samoa/tutuila/attractions/rainmaker-mountain/a/poi-sig/1456093/362248 |archive-date=October 19, 2017 |access-date=September 1, 2019 |website=Lonely Planet}}</ref> Yankin Mojave, a kudu maso yamma, gida ne ga yankin da ya fi bushewa a Amurka Yuma, Arizona, yana da matsakaicin inci 2.63 (6.7 na hazo a kowace shekara. A cikin sassan tsakiya na Amurka, [[guguwa]] sun fi kowa fiye da ko'ina a Duniya kuma sun fi sauka a cikin bazara da rani. guguwa mai kisa da lalacewa suna faruwa kusan kowace shekara a bakin tekun Atlantika da Tekun Mexico. Yankin Appalachian da Midwest suna fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa mafi muni, kodayake kusan babu wani yanki a Amurka da ke da kariya ga ambaliyar. Kudu maso Yamma yana da fari mafi muni; ana zaton daya ya dauki sama da shekaru 500 kuma ya cutar da mutanen Ancestral Pueblo. Yammacin yana fama da manyan gobarar daji a kowace shekara. [[Fayil:Dimmitt_Tornado1_-_NOAA.jpg|thumb|Wani guguwa mai karfi a kusa da Dimmitt, Texas a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1995]] Amurka tana fama da bala'o'i daban-daban a kowace shekara. Kodayake fari yana da wuya, a wasu lokuta ya haifar da babbar matsala, kamar a lokacin Dust Bowl (1931-1942). Yankin noma ya gaza a ko'ina cikin Filayen, dukkanin yankuna sun ragu sosai, kuma guguwar ƙura ta lalata ƙasar. [[Fayil:Hurricane_katrina_damage_gulfport_mississippi.jpg|thumb|Cikakken lalacewa a Gulfport, Mississippi wanda Guguwar Katrina ta haifar a shekara ta 2005]] ⁷Dangane da binciken Gallup na 2023, kusan ɗaya cikin Amurkawa uku sun ce sun fuskanci mummunan yanayin yanayi a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Horn-Muller |first=Ayurella |date=2023-04-15 |title=Climate-displaced Americans face discrimination |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/04/14/climate-displaced-americans-discrimination |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=Axios |language=en}}</ref> Great Plains da Midwest, saboda bambancin iska, suna ganin tsawa mai tsanani da barkewar guguwa a lokacin bazara da rani tare da kusan 1,000 guguwa da ke faruwa a kowace shekara. Yankin ƙasa daga arewacin [[Texas]] zuwa arewa zuwa [[Kansas]] da [[Nebraska]] da gabas zuwa [[Tennessee]] an san shi da Tornado Alley, inda gidaje da yawa suna da mafaka na guguwa kuma garuruwa da yawa suna leken guguwa, saboda yawan guguwa a yankin. Guguwa wani bala'i ne na halitta da aka samu a Amurka, wanda zai iya kaiwa ko'ina tare da Gulf Coast ko Atlantic Coast da Hawaii a cikin Tekun Pacific. Musamman a cikin haɗari sune tsakiyar da kudancin [[Texas]], yankin daga kudu maso gabashin [[Louisiana]] zuwa gabas zuwa [[Florida]]_Panhandle" id="mwAkA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Florida Panhandle">Florida Panhandle, peninsular Florida, da Outer Banks na [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]], kodayake kowane ɓangare na bakin teku na iya bugawa. Yankunan Amurka da dukiya a cikin [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], gami da [[Puerto Rico]] da tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka, suma suna da haɗari ga guguwa saboda wurin da suke a cikin Tekun Caribbean. Lokacin guguwa yana gudana daga Yuni 1 zuwa Nuwamba 30, tare da mafi girma daga tsakiyar Agusta zuwa farkon Oktoba. Wasu daga cikin guguwa masu lalacewa sun hada da Guguwar Galveston ta 1900, Guguwar Andrew a 1992, Guguwar Katrina a 2005, da Guguwar Harvey da Guguwar Maria a 2017. Guguwa (wanda aka sani da guguwa a cikin Tekun Pacific) sun kasa sauka a kan Tekun Pacific na Amurka saboda yanayin zafi na ruwa yana da sanyi sosai don kiyaye su. Koyaya, ragowar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi daga Gabashin Pacific a wasu lokuta suna tasiri a yammacin Amurka, suna kawo ruwan sama mai matsakaici zuwa mai tsanani. === Ambaliyar ruwa === Ana fuskantar mummunar ambaliyar ruwa a wasu lokuta a Amurka.  Muhimman ambaliya a cikin tarihi sun haɗa da Babban Ambaliyar Ruwa na 1927, Babban Ambaliyar 1993, da ambaliyar ruwa da zabtarewar laka da ya faru a 1982–83 El Niño a yammacin Amurka.  Ana ci gaba da samun ambaliya, galibi a gabar tekun Gabas, a lokacin guguwa ko kuma wani yanayi mara kyau, misali a shekarar 2012, lokacin da guguwar Sandy ta yi barna a yankin.  Ambaliyar ruwa na iya faruwa a ko'ina, kuma zabtarewar ruwan sama na iya haifar da matsala a kowane yanki mai tsaunuka, musamman Kudu maso Yamma.  Babban shimfidar daji na hamada a yamma na iya haifar da yaduwar gobarar daji.  Ƙunƙarar ƙanƙara na yankunan tsaunin da yawa a yamma da tsawa mai tsanani a lokacin rani yana haifar da ambaliya kuma, wanda wani lokaci yana iya zama mai lalacewa, yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ta arewa maso gabas na iya kawo dakatar da ayyukan a ko'ina cikin Arewa maso Gabas (ko da yake tsananin dusar ƙanƙara zai iya faruwa kusan ko'ina). === Yanayin ƙasa === Yammacin Yammacin Amurka ya zama wani ɓangare na Pacific Ring of Fire, wani yanki na manyan ayyukan tectonic da dutsen wuta wanda shine tushen 90% na girgizar ƙasa ta duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cool Earthquake Facts {{!}} U.S. Geological Survey |url=https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/cool-earthquake-facts#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%9CRing%20of%20Fire%E2%80%9D%20also,the%20world's%20earthquakes%20occur%20there. |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=www.usgs.gov}}</ref> Arewa maso Yammacin Amurka yana ganin mafi yawan tsaunuka masu aiki a Amurka, a [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], [[Oregon]] da arewacin California tare da Dutsen Cascade. Akwai tsaunuka masu yawa masu aiki a cikin tsibirin Hawaii, gami da Kilauea a cikin fashewar da ke gudana tun 1983, amma ba sa shafar mazaunan tsibirin. Babu wani babban fashewa mai barazana ga rayuwa a tsibirin Hawaiian tun daga karni na 17. Girgizar dutsen wuta na iya zama mai lalacewa a wasu lokuta, kamar a cikin fashewar Dutsen St. Helens a Washington a 1980. Ring of Fire ya sa [[California]] da kudancin [[Alaska]] musamman masu saukin kamuwa da girgizar ƙasa. Girgizar ƙasa na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa, kamar girgizar ƙasa ta San Francisco ta 1906 ko girgizar kasa ta Good Friday ta 1964 kusa da Anchorage, Alaska. California sananne ne ga ayyukan girgizar ƙasa kuma yana buƙatar manyan gine-gine su kasance masu tsayayya da girgizar kasa don rage asarar rai da dukiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Building Safer Structures |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/publications/saferstructures/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511070408/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/publications/saferstructures/ |archive-date=2010-05-11}}</ref> Baya ga girgizar ƙasa mai lalacewa, California tana fuskantar ƙananan girgizar kasa akai-akai. An yi kusan manyan girgizar ƙasa 100 a kowace shekara daga 2010 zuwa 2012. Matsakaicin da ya gabata ya kasance 21 a shekara. An yi imanin cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda zurfin zubar da ruwa mai guba daga fracking. Babu wanda ya wuce girman 5.6, kuma babu wanda aka kashe. === Sauran bala'o'i === Sauran bala'o'i sun haɗa da tsunami a kusa da Pacific Basin, laka a California, da gobarar daji a yammacin rabin Amurka da ke kusa da ita. Ko da yake fari yana da wuya, a wasu lokuta ya haifar da babbar matsalar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa, kamar a lokacin Dust Bowl (1931-1942), wanda ya haifar da gazawar amfanin gona da guguwar ƙura, farawa a kudancin Great Plains kuma ya kai ga Tekun Atlantika. === Sakamakon === A cewar rahoton da Ofishin Ƙididdigar Amurka ya bayar, a cikin 2022 bala'o'i na halitta sun haifar da tilasta ƙaurawar mutane miliyan 3.3, sama da kashi 1.3% na yawan manya na Amurka, tare da rabin ƙaura da guguwa ta haifar. Rahoton binciken ya bayyana cewa a [[Florida]], lalacewar da guguwar Ian da Nicole suka haifar ya haifar da sake komawa kusan mutane miliyan 1, ko kuma kusan daya daga cikin mazauna manya 17. A [[Louisiana]], inda mazauna ke fama da mummunar sakamakon Guguwar Ida a shekarar da ta gabata, fiye da mutane 409,000, ko kusan daya daga cikin mazauna takwas, sun motsa. Duk da wannan, jihar [[Louisiana]] ta ga lokacin guguwa mai natsuwa a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-06 |title=3.3 million US adults displaced by natural disasters in past year – survey |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jan/06/us-adults-displaced-natural-disasters-survey-census-bureau |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> == Yankunan jama'a == [[Fayil:Territorial_waters_-_United_States.svg|thumb|Yankunan tattalin arziki na musamman na Amurka, gami da yankunan tsibirin ƙasar]] Amurka tana da wurare da yawa don amfani da jin daɗin jama'a. Wadannan sun hada da wuraren shakatawa na kasa, Abubuwan tunawa na kasa, gandun daji na kasa, wuraren jeji, da sauran yankuna. Don jerin yankuna, duba waɗannan labaran: [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2dv05fkcgc4ifjdyl1ffbwv4x8z7stj 0 111289 888060 691943 2026-07-27T09:59:16Z BnHamid 12586 888060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yanayin [[Manila|Birnin Manila]]''' yana da alaƙa da matsayinsa na bakin teku a bakin Kogin Pasig wanda ke gudana zuwa Manila Bay. Birnin yana kan tashar jiragen ruwa mai kariya ta halitta, wanda aka dauka a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun tashar jiragen sama a Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environment — Manila |url=http://www.city-data.com/world-cities/Manila-Environment.html |access-date=February 26, 2017 |publisher=City-Data}}</ref> Rashin wadatar ƙasa yana da gudummawa wanda ya sa Manila ta zama birni mafi yawan jama'a a duniya. Kusan dukkanin birnin suna zaune a saman ƙarni na ajiyar prehistoric alluvial da aka gina ta Kogin Pasig da kuma wasu ƙasashe da aka dawo da su daga Manila Bay. An canza ƙasar birnin sosai ta hanyar sa hannun ɗan adam, tare da farfado da ƙasa mai yawa a kan iyakar ruwa tun lokacin mulkin mallaka na Amurka. Wasu daga cikin bambance-bambance na halitta a cikin yanayin ƙasa an daidaita su saboda birni na birnin. Manila tana da nisan kilomita 800 (kilomita 1,300) daga yankin [[Asiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography of Manila |url=http://geography.howstuffworks.com/asia/geography-of-manila.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202210542/http://geography.howstuffworks.com/asia/geography-of-manila.htm |archive-date=2014-02-02 |access-date=2010-04-13 |publisher=[[HowStuffWorks]]}}</ref>&nbsp; Kafin kuma a lokacin Mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya na Philippines, [[Manila]] ita ce babban birnin lardin wanda yankinsa a wani lokaci ya rufe kusan dukkanin Luzon, kuma ya haɗa da yankunan zamani na Pampanga, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Quezon, Mindoro, Masbate da Marinduque. Daga baya, waɗannan yankuna sun zama larduna, suna barin lardin Manila tare da yankin da ya yi daidai da Birnin Manila na yanzu (sai dai Intramuros, babban birnin), da arewa maso yammacin kashi biyu bisa uku na lardin Rizal. Yankin lardin Manila ya tafi daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma, gami da Antipolo, Cainta, Taytay da Taguig, da dukkan garuRuwa arewa da yammacin su, a lardin Manila; da Angono, Teresa, Morong, da garuruwan kudu da gabashin su, a lardin Laguna. Da farko a tarihin lardin, an canza sunan lardin daga Manila zuwa Lardin Tondo, wanda aka sani da shi ga mafi yawan zamanin Mutanen Espanya. A cikin kimanin shekara ta 1853, an haɗu da ƙauyuka huɗu ko garuruwa na Lardin Tondo tare da garuruwan arewa maso gabas na lardin Laguna don zama Distrito de los Montes de San Mateo na siyasa-soja, ko Gundumar tsaunin San Mateo. Lardin Tondo ta mamaye wannan sabuwar gundumar garuruwan Cainta, Taytay, Antipolo da Boso-boso, yayin da Laguna ta ba da gudummawar garuruwan Angono, Binangonan, Cardona, Morong, Baras, Tanay, Pililla da Jalajala. Amma sunan sabon gundumar ya nuna rashin ƙarfi, tsayin daka, kuma ya ɓatar da mutane da yawa don tunanin garin San Mateo (a lardin Tondo) shine babban birnin gundumar San Mateo, lokacin da a zahiri babban birnin gundumar yake a Morong. Don haka, a shekara ta 1859, bayan al’adar da aka saba yi a wannan zamani, an canja sunan gundumar zuwa babban birninta; wato gundumar Morong. A daidai wannan lokaci, lardin Tondo ya koma lardin Manila. Lokacin da Mutanen Espanya suka mayar da Philippines ga hannun Amurkawa, an kafa gwamnatin farar hula. A cikin kusan lokaci guda, Hukumar Philippine ta narkar da lardin Manila, kuma an haɗa pueblos ɗinsa tare da na Gundumar Morong, wanda ya kafa sabon lardin Rizal. Makonni kadan, sabuwar yarjejeniya ga birnin Manila, da ke bayyana iyakokinta da kuma hade wasu garuruwan Lardin Rizal zuwa gundumominta. An ɗan sake fasalin waɗannan iyakokin kuma an sake fasalta su a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 1902, lokacin da aka haɗa yankin Gagalangin zuwa gundumar birnin Tondo, kuma tsohuwar pueblo ta Santa Ana ta zama gundumar birni na Manila. A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli na wannan shekarar ne hukumar birnin ta raba birnin a hukumance zuwa yankuna 13 na siyasa mai suna gundumomi, kuma an bayyana iyakokin kowannensu. A ranar 15 ga Agusta na wannan shekarar, an haɗa pueblo na Pandacan a matsayin gundumar birni. Tun daga lokacin iyakoki da gundumomin birnin Manila sun kasance da gaske iri ɗaya. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an ayyana birnin Manila a matsayin birni mai budewa kuma iyakokinta na gudanarwa sun fadada zuwa birane da ƙananan hukumomi. An kira shi '''Babban Manila''' kuma ya haɗa da gundumomi kamar ''Bagumbayan'' na nufin Sabon Birni (Kudancin Manila), ''Bagumpanahon'' na nufin "Sabon Zamanin" (Sampaloc, Quiapo, San Miguel da Santa Cruz), Baghayumbu na nufin "Sabon Rayuwa" (Tondo), ''Bagong Diwa'' na nufin "New Order" (Binondo & San Nicholas), sabon Birnin Quezon da aka kafa a lokacin ya rushe kuma ya kasu zuwa gundumomi biyu, yayin da kananan hukumomin Cocan, Las Piñas, Malabon, Malaboni, Parayas, San Pasque, Manila, Makati, Matats. == Koguna da magudanan ruwa == === Kogin Pasig === Kogin Pasig shine babban kogi wanda ke raba birnin zuwa arewa da kudu. Yana gudana daga gabas zuwa yamma, kuma yana haɗa Laguna de Bay zuwa Manila Bay. === Kogin San Juan === [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] River (Metro Manila)">Kogin San Juan yana gudana ta arewa maso gabashin mafi yawan birnin a gundumar Santa Mesa . Yana aiki a matsayin iyaka ta halitta tsakanin Manila da biranen San Juan da Mandaluyong. Babban mai ba da gudummawa ne na Kogin Pasig . == Tsarin Birni == <gallery mode="packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%"> Fayil:Plano_de_Manila_1851.jpg|The ''Plano de Manila'' in 1851 that shows the layout of the historic walled area of ''Intramuros'' Fayil:BurnhamPlanOf-Manila.jpg|The Plan of Manila by Daniel Burnham in 1905 includes the towns and suburbs beyond the Walled City as part of the City of Manila File:Comprehensive_Land_Use_Plan_of_the_City_of_Manila.JPG|The 2006-2020 Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the City of Manila File:Existing_Land_Use_Map_of_Manila_2017.jpg|Existing Land Use Map of the City of Manila Fayil:Ph_map_manila.svg|Map of the City of Manila showing points of interests </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} dolj2owzo8cwdoy5sg20wqex4is3pqo 0 118790 887948 828200 2026-07-27T04:20:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dokta Liana Roodt''' kwararriyar likita ce kuma mai ba da shawara kan aikin tiyata a sashin tiyatar nono da endocrine da cibiyar rauni a asibitin Groote Schuur, [[Cape Town]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roodt Liana, Dr |url=http://www.ucthospital.co.za/doctor/roodt-liana-dr/225 |access-date=2018-11-12 |website=www.ucthospital.co.za |archive-date=2018-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112141534/http://www.ucthospital.co.za/doctor/roodt-liana-dr/225 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == Roodt yta kirkiro Project Flamingo<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sagoodnews.co.za/breast-cancer-care/|title=Breast Cancer: More Than Care {{!}} The Home Of Great South African News|date=2017-10-24|work=The Home Of Great South African News|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a cikin shekarar 2010, mai zaman kanta wacce ke magance lokacin jira da masu fama [[Sankaran Nono|da ciwon nono]] ke fuskanta a sashin kula da lafiyar jama'a. A cikin shekarar 2010,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/new-innovations-groote-schuur-offer-hope-patients-and-nurses_2763/|title=Innovations at Groote Schuur offer hope to patients and nurses|last=Pienaar|first=Jon|date=2015-03-17|work=GroundUp News|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en}}</ref> ta gano cewa yawancin ɗakunan tiyata ba su da komai a ƙarshen mako da kuma ranakun hutu, don haka ta fara tara kuɗaɗe don tsara jadawalin sannan kuma ta biya kuɗin tiyata ga marasa lafiya a lokacin.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewspaper.co.za/dr-liana-roodt-special-interest-passion-breast-cancer/|title=Dr. Liana Roodt - A special interest and passion for breast cancer|date=2017-10-04|work=The Newspaper {{!}}|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905084419/https://www.thenewspaper.co.za/dr-liana-roodt-special-interest-passion-breast-cancer/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta ɗauki shekaru uku kafin ta sami izini da ƙa'idodi a wurin. A cikin t 2017, fiye da mutane 100 masu fama da [[Sankaran Nono|ciwon nono]] sun amfana daga mastectomies kyauta wanda Dr. Roodt da ƙungiyar sa-kai suka yi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Flamingo steps up for Cape's breast cancer patients |url=http://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/252319/project-flamingo-steps-up-for-cape-s-breast-cancer-patients |access-date=2018-11-12 |website=CapeTalk |language=en}}</ref> Suna da wurare a Groote Schuur da kuma asibitin Tygerberg a Parow, Cape Town.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.beautifulnews.co.za/stories/liana-roodt|title=Healthcare crisis? This doctor is saving lives with free surgery|work=Beautiful News South Africa|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/252319/project-flamingo-steps-up-for-cape-s-breast-cancer-patients|title=Project Flamingo steps up for Cape's breast cancer patients|website=CapeTalk|language=en|access-date=2018-11-12}}</ref> Tana aiki tare da ƙungiyar sa kai na likitocin fiɗa 10, masu aikin sa kai 10 da masu aikin sa kai 10. An naɗa ta ɗaya daga cikin goma "mata masu sha'awar sani a Afirka ta Kudu" daga Tafiya Al'adu.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/10-inspiring-women-to-know-from-south-africa/|title=10 Inspiring Women to Know from South Africa|last=Claassens|first=Carina|work=Culture Trip|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2018-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112181619/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/10-inspiring-women-to-know-from-south-africa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] b1kvxrbtnkd1htio0t0wi007zwx4zjj 0 119792 888018 887233 2026-07-27T09:14:37Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} A ranar 13 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2010 a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]], mutane goma sha ɗaya sun mutu lokacin da kebul na wutar lantarki ya faɗi a kansu. == Haɗari == A kusan ƙarfe 08:00 na lokacin gida (UTC+1) a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 2010,<ref name="punch">{{cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art201002144295182|title=Collapse of PHCN cable: 30 persons feared dead in PH|last=Isine|first=Ibanga|date=14 February 2010|work=punchng.com|publisher=The Punch|access-date=14 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218104902/http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art201002144295182|archive-date=18 February 2010}}</ref> wani abin da ya faru a titin mota ya faru a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya, inda aka kashe mutane goma sha ɗaya. Wani kebul na lantarki na 33 kilovolt ya fashe, <ref name="punch" /> ya buge bas din Nissan Urvan guda biyu, <ref name="Sun" /> kuma ya kashe yawancin mazauna.<ref name="SoS">{{cite news|url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/world/20-dead-in-Nigeria-bus.6070821.jp|title=20 dead in Nigeria bus tragedy|date=14 February 2010|work=[[Scotland On Sunday]]|publisher=[[Johnston Press]]|access-date=14 February 2010|archive-date=18 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218193203/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/world/20-dead-in-Nigeria-bus.6070821.jp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8514694.stm|title=Ten people killed as power cable falls on Nigeria bus|date=13 February 2010|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> Lamarin ya faru ne bayan wata babbar tsawa; an yi imanin cewa ruwan sama mai yawa ya kawo kebul ɗin.<ref name="Sun">{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2010/feb/14/national-14-02-2010-03.htm|title=Black Saturday|last=Chukwurah|first=Henry|date=14 February 2010|work=Sunday Sun|publisher=The Sun Publishing Ltd|access-date=14 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301185709/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2010/feb/14/national-14-02-2010-03.htm|archive-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> == Waɗanda suka mutu == Yawancin waɗanda suka mutu fasinjojin bas ne, kodayake fasinjoji da yawa sun mutu.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/14/world/africa/14nigeria.html|title=20 Bus Passengers Electrocuted in Nigeria|date=February 13, 2010|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> Adadin wadanda suka mutu sun kai goma sha ɗaya; wasu goma sha ɗaya sun kwantar da su a asibiti. Goma daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa sun mutu a lamarin ko kuma bayan haka; na goma sha ɗaya ya mutu a asibiti a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu.<ref name="triumph">{{cite news|url=http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/another1522010.html|title=Another victim of high tension wire dies|date=15 February 2010|work=[[Daily Triumph]]|publisher=[[Triumph Publishing]]|access-date=15 February 2010}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == Akwai rahotanni masu rikitarwa game da yawan wadanda suka mutu nan da nan bayan lamarin. Shaidu da ido sun ba da rahoton ganin gawawwakin 40,<ref name="TD">{{cite news|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=166439|title=Tragedy as Powerline Cut, Kill 40 in Port Harcourt|last=Ogbu|first=Ahamefula|date=14 February 2010|work=This Day|publisher=Leaders & Company Limited|access-date=14 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217165649/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=166439|archive-date=17 February 2010}}</ref> kuma kafofin da yawa da farko sun sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu a 20.<ref name="PA">{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5h3QQ3n-G80emOBjDbV1xYmbWWVMw|title=20 killed as power cable hits bus|date=14 February 2010|publisher=[[The Press Association]]|access-date=14 February 2010}}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="AP">{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gnw8SPMUiH1kaPZ6nse9kwlgWxRgD9DRE0300|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100216174519/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gnw8SPMUiH1kaPZ6nse9kwlgWxRgD9DRE0300|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 16, 2010|title=20 people killed by electrocution in Nigeria|date=13 February 2010|publisher=The Associated Press|access-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> Gwamnatin Jihar Rivers ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta ce ba a kashe mutane fiye da 10 ba, yayin da mai magana da yawun 'yan sanda ya sanar da cewa wasu 12 sun sha wahala "ƙonewa mai tsanani".<ref name="punch"/> Gwamnatin jihar ta ba da umarnin bayar da rahoto daga Kamfanin Power Holding na Najeriya game da dalilin da ya sa kebul ɗin ke raye lokacin da ya fashe. Gwamnan jihar ya fitar da wata sanarwa wacce ta ce: "Muna jin tausayi ga iyalai na waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin bala'in. Muna addu'a ga Allah ya ba da rayukan hutawa da kuma ta'aziyya ga iyalansu. Duk da yake ba mu rarraba zargi ba, muna so mu ce za a iya kauce wa bala'in idan PHCN da ya shafa ya kiyaye wurin. "[sic]<ref name="punch" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ofd97mqu9f0ttuszkge0wjqd2usj59y 888020 888018 2026-07-27T09:14:55Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} A ranar 13 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2010 a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]], mutane goma sha ɗaya sun mutu lokacin da kebul na wutar lantarki ya faɗi a kansu. == Haɗari == A kusan ƙarfe 08:00 na lokacin gida (UTC+1) a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 2010,<ref name="punch">{{cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art201002144295182|title=Collapse of PHCN cable: 30 persons feared dead in PH|last=Isine|first=Ibanga|date=14 February 2010|work=punchng.com|publisher=The Punch|access-date=14 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218104902/http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art201002144295182|archive-date=18 February 2010}}</ref> wani abin da ya faru a titin mota ya faru a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya, inda aka kashe mutane goma sha ɗaya. Wani kebul na lantarki na 33 kilovolt ya fashe, <ref name="punch" /> ya buge bas din Nissan Urvan guda biyu, <ref name="Sun" /> kuma ya kashe yawancin mazauna.<ref name="SoS">{{cite news|url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/world/20-dead-in-Nigeria-bus.6070821.jp|title=20 dead in Nigeria bus tragedy|date=14 February 2010|work=[[Scotland On Sunday]]|publisher=[[Johnston Press]]|access-date=14 February 2010|archive-date=18 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218193203/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/world/20-dead-in-Nigeria-bus.6070821.jp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8514694.stm|title=Ten people killed as power cable falls on Nigeria bus|date=13 February 2010|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> Lamarin ya faru ne bayan wata babbar tsawa; an yi imanin cewa ruwan sama mai yawa ya kawo kebul ɗin.<ref name="Sun">{{cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2010/feb/14/national-14-02-2010-03.htm|title=Black Saturday|last=Chukwurah|first=Henry|date=14 February 2010|work=Sunday Sun|publisher=The Sun Publishing Ltd|access-date=14 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301185709/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2010/feb/14/national-14-02-2010-03.htm|archive-date=1 March 2010}}</ref> == Waɗanda suka mutu == Yawancin waɗanda suka mutu fasinjojin bas ne, kodayake fasinjoji da yawa sun mutu.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/14/world/africa/14nigeria.html|title=20 Bus Passengers Electrocuted in Nigeria|date=February 13, 2010|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> Adadin wadanda suka mutu sun kai goma sha ɗaya; wasu goma sha ɗaya sun kwantar da su a asibiti. Goma daga cikin waɗanda abin ya shafa sun mutu a lamarin ko kuma bayan haka; na goma sha ɗaya ya mutu a asibiti a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu.<ref name="triumph">{{cite news|url=http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/another1522010.html|title=Another victim of high tension wire dies|date=15 February 2010|work=[[Daily Triumph]]|publisher=[[Triumph Publishing]]|access-date=15 February 2010}}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == Akwai rahotanni masu rikitarwa game da yawan waɗanda suka mutu nan da nan bayan lamarin. Shaidu da ido sun ba da rahoton ganin gawawwakin 40,<ref name="TD">{{cite news|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=166439|title=Tragedy as Powerline Cut, Kill 40 in Port Harcourt|last=Ogbu|first=Ahamefula|date=14 February 2010|work=This Day|publisher=Leaders & Company Limited|access-date=14 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217165649/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=166439|archive-date=17 February 2010}}</ref> kuma kafofin da yawa da farko sun sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu a 20.<ref name="PA">{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5h3QQ3n-G80emOBjDbV1xYmbWWVMw|title=20 killed as power cable hits bus|date=14 February 2010|publisher=[[The Press Association]]|access-date=14 February 2010}}{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="AP">{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gnw8SPMUiH1kaPZ6nse9kwlgWxRgD9DRE0300|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100216174519/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gnw8SPMUiH1kaPZ6nse9kwlgWxRgD9DRE0300|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 16, 2010|title=20 people killed by electrocution in Nigeria|date=13 February 2010|publisher=The Associated Press|access-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> Gwamnatin Jihar Rivers ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta ce ba a kashe mutane fiye da 10 ba, yayin da mai magana da yawun 'yan sanda ya sanar da cewa wasu 12 sun sha wahala "ƙonewa mai tsanani".<ref name="punch"/> Gwamnatin jihar ta ba da umarnin bayar da rahoto daga Kamfanin Power Holding na Najeriya game da dalilin da ya sa kebul ɗin ke raye lokacin da ya fashe. Gwamnan jihar ya fitar da wata sanarwa wacce ta ce: "Muna jin tausayi ga iyalai na waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin bala'in. Muna addu'a ga Allah ya ba da rayukan hutawa da kuma ta'aziyya ga iyalansu. Duk da yake ba mu rarraba zargi ba, muna so mu ce za a iya kauce wa bala'in idan PHCN da ya shafa ya kiyaye wurin. "[sic]<ref name="punch" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 8olzxtnp1ubn61p9rttufz5ksn8e6cc 0 120701 888058 883352 2026-07-27T09:58:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Luke Thomas Armstrong''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na [[Ingila]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na [[ƙungiyar Carlisle United ta Ƙasa]] . Armstrong ya zo ne ta hanyar matsayi a Middlesbrough da [[Birmingham]] City. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Scotland tare da Cowdenbeath, ya shiga Blyth Spartans waɗanda mahaifinsa [[Alun Armstrong]] ke sarrafawa. A Blyth, Armstrong zai lashe [[Northern Premier League|Gasar Firimiya ta Arewa]], yana jan hankalin tsohon kungiyar Middlesbrough. Ya sami nasarar aro a Gateshead daga kungiyar Middlesbrough kafin ya shiga Accrington Stanley a kan aro. A shekara ta 2019, ya sanya hannu a kungiyar Salford City da aka inganta a League Two kafin ya shiga kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League a aro. Armstrong ya kasance memba na kungiyar da ta lashe kyautar Hartlepool, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan karshe na kungiyar a shekarar 2021. Daga baya ya sanya hannu a kungiyar League Two ta Harrogate Town don kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === Armstrong ya fara aikinsa tare da kungiyar [[Middlesbrough]], yana tafiya ta hanyar kungiyoyin makarantar har sai kulob din ya sake shi a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2014. <ref name="Birmingham City Trial">{{Cite web |date=18 August 2014 |title=Triallist Luke Armstrong Handed Birmingham Deal |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/triallist-luke-armstrong-handed-birmingham-7634193 |access-date=12 January 2019 |website=birminghammail.co.uk |publisher=Birmingham Mail}}</ref> Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar matasa ta Birmingham City a kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda bayan nasarar gwaji amma zai bar bayan an sanar da shi cewa ba za a sabunta kwangilarsa da Birmingham City a lokacin rani na 2015.<ref name="Birmingham City Exit">{{Cite web |date=26 January 2015 |title=Birmingham City Offer New Deal To Talented Teenager Charlee Adams |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/birmingham-city-offer-new-deal-8520419 |access-date=12 January 2019 |website=birminghammail.co.uk |publisher=Birmingham Mail}}</ref> Armstrong daga nan ya sami nasarar gwaji tare da ƙungiyar Scottish League One Cowdenbeath, wanda ya kai ga ba shi yarjejeniyar shekara guda.<ref name="Cowdenbeath Trial">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2015 |title=Cowdenbeath Sign Ex-Middlesbrough and Birmingham City Youngster Luke Armstrong and Sam Orritt |url=http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2015/07/24/cowdenbeath-sign-ex-middlesbrough-and-birmingham-city-youngster-luke-armstrong-and-sam-orritt/ |access-date=12 January 2019 |website=deadlinenews.co.uk |publisher=Deadline News |archive-date=13 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062634/http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2015/07/24/cowdenbeath-sign-ex-middlesbrough-and-birmingham-city-youngster-luke-armstrong-and-sam-orritt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan watanni shida tare da kulob din, Armstrong ya yanke shawarar dakatar da kwangilarsa saboda lokacin wasansa yana iyakance ga 'yan sauye-sauye kaɗan a lokacin rabin kakar.<ref name="Cowdenbeath Exit">{{Cite web |date=28 January 2016 |title=Striker Leaves Cowdenbeath After Six Month's Service |url=https://www.centralfifetimes.com/sport/14237753.luke-seeks-new-club/ |access-date=12 January 2019 |website=centralfifetimes.com |publisher=The Central Fife Times}}</ref> Bayan wannan koma baya, Armstrong zai shiga kungiyar Blyth Spartans ta Arewacin Premier League, wanda mahaifinsa, [[Alun Armstrong]] ke jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2017 |title=Blyth Spartans 3–2 North Shields |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/blyth-spartans-3-2-north-12950668 |access-date=12 January 2019 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=The Chronicle}}</ref> Zai zira kwallaye 23 a duk lokacin kakar, ya taimaka wa tawagarsa ta lashe kofin Northumberland Senior Cup da kuma gasar, daga karshe ya ja hankalin daya daga cikin ma'aikatansa na baya a cikin hanyar Middlesbrough.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2017 |title=Middlesbrough Raid Blyth Spartans To Sign Luke Armstrong |url=https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/middlesbrough-raid-northern-league-sign-12873441 |access-date=12 January 2019 |publisher=The Gazette}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa Middlesbrough da rance === On 16 July 2018, Armstrong joined National League club Gateshead on loan until the end of the season.<ref name="Gateshead Loan">{{Cite web |title=Heed Loan Boro Striker |url=https://www.gateshead-fc.com/heed-loan-boro-striker/ |access-date=12 January 2019 |website=gateshead-fc.com |publisher=Gateshead F.C. |archive-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716223814/https://www.gateshead-fc.com/heed-loan-boro-striker/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 29 July 2018, he notably scored a hat-trick against his former club Blyth Spartans during a 3–1 victory in a friendly at Croft Park.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2018 |title=Gateshead 3–1 Blyth Spartans |url=https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/outstanding-middlesbrough-striker-scores-hat-14967853 |access-date=12 January 2019 |website=gazettelive.co.uk |publisher=The Gazette}}</ref> After scoring on his ''Heed'' début, Armstrong would score two goals against Salford City in a 2–1 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title=Gateshead 2–1 Salford City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45014885 |access-date=17 September 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> He went on to make 18 appearances for the club, during which he scored a further seven goals, by the time his loan was cut short by parent club Middlesbrough on 31 December 2018.<ref name="Gateshead Exit">{{Cite web |title=Luke Armstrong Signs New Boro Deal |url=https://www.mfc.co.uk/news/luke-armstrong-signs-new-boro-deal |access-date=12 January 2019 |website=mfc.co.uk |publisher=Middlesbrough F.C.}}</ref> Bayan ya dawo Middlesbrough, Armstrong zai sanya hannu kan sabon kwangilar shekaru biyu da rabi tare da kulob din Championship, kafin a tura shi aro zuwa Accrington Stanley na League One a ranar 11 ga Janairun 2019. Ya fara bugawa kulob din wasa washegari, a wasan da ba shi da kwallo da [[Bristol]] Rovers a Filin wasa na Wham. === Birnin Salford === A ranar 26 ga watan Yulin 2019, Armstrong ya shiga sabuwar kungiyar Salford City da aka inganta a League Two a kan canja wurin dindindin, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2019 |title=Luke Armstrong: Salford City sign Middlesbrough striker on three-year deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49125587 |access-date=26 July 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kan Walsall, inda ya bude kwallaye a nasarar 3-0 yayin da Salford ya ci nasara a karo na farko a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2019 |title=Walsall 0–3 Salford: City record historic first EFL away win at Banks's Stadium |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/walsall-vs-salford-city/report/410595 |access-date=21 September 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Disamba 2020, Armstrong ya koma Hartlepool United har zuwa karshen kakar 2020-21 a aro. Armstrong ya zira kwallaye a rana mai zuwa a karon farko da ya yi wa Hartlepool a nasarar 2-0 a kan King's Lynn Town. Armstrong ya ci gaba da zira kwallaye 15 a duk wasannin da aka yi wa Pools, ciki har da daya a wasan karshe na gasar zakarun kasa na 2021 da suka yi da Torquay United.<ref name="sw">{{Soccerway|luke-armstrong/410525|Luke Armstrong}}</ref> === Birnin Harrogate === A ranar 26 ga Yuni 2021 an ba da sanarwar cewa ya sanya hannu a Harrogate Town don kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba. Armstrong ya sanya hannu kan sabon kwangila a ƙarshen kakar 2021-22 wanda zai ci gaba da kasancewa a kulob din har zuwa lokacin rani na 2025. Kafin fara kakar 2023-24, bayan kulob din ya ki amincewa da tayin canja wurinsa, Armstrong ya sanya kansa ba zai kasance ba don zabar. A ranar ƙarshe ta taga na canja wurin bazara, Wrexham ya amince da sharuddan tare da Harrogate don sanya hannu kan Armstrong. Koyaya, ba a kammala yarjejeniyar ba kafin ranar 23:00, saboda haka Armstrong ya kasance dan wasan Harrogate Town.<ref name="Wrexham" /> A cikin wata sanarwa ta kulob din, Wrexham ya ce "ba za a iya kammala takardun da ake buƙata da buƙatun izini a cikin lokaci ba kuma an ƙi rajistar Armstrong".<ref name="Wrexham" /> === Carlisle United === A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, an ba da sanarwar cewa Armstrong zai shiga kungiyar [[Carlisle United F.C.|Carlisle United]] ta League One lokacin da aka bude taga a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2024. An tabbatar da matakin ne a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 2024, Armstrong ya shiga don kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=CONTRACT: Luke Armstrong signing confirmed |url=https://www.carlisleunited.co.uk/news/2024/january/contract-luke-armstrong-signing-confirmed/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=www.carlisleunited.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Carlisle sign midfielder Neal and defender Grehan |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/67882369 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko na Carlisle a cikin 2-1 a [[Barnsley F.C.|Barnsley]] . A ranar 24 ga watan Janairun 2025, Armstrong ya shiga kulob din Firimiya na Scotland Motherwell a kan aro don sauran kakar.<ref> {{Cite web |date=24 January 2025 |title=Luke Armstrong Arrives in ML1 |url=https://www.motherwellfc.co.uk/2025/01/24/luke-armstrong-arrives-in-ml1/ |access-date=24 January 2025 |website=www.motherwellfc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2025 |title=Motherwell add Carlisle striker Luke Armstrong on loan |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/articles/c1km80vjzmro |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Luke shi ne ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan kungiyar Stockport County, Middlesbrough, Ipswich Town da Darlington [[Alun Armstrong]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Wolsingham kuma ya cancanci zama mai horar da kansa bayan ya sami cancanta na matakin 3 a Kwalejin Darlington.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2017 |title=Sports Student, Luke Signs Contract for Middlesbrough Football Club |url=https://darlington.ac.uk/sports-student-luke-signs-contract-middlesbrough-football-club/ |website=Darlington College}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2021, Armstrong ya bude wani cafe a Wolsingham da ake kira No 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2021 |title=Top Scorer Luke Armstrong Extends Town Contract |url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19810913.wolsingham-cafe-bought-harrogate-town-striker-luke-armstrong/ |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=Northern Echo}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hzrjaa87qlvatafpbpfp7q3gbyiqy9p 0 120998 888017 787564 2026-07-27T09:13:46Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:2289_SIM31.jpg|thumb|A 2013 MCI D4500CT (2289) a kan SIM31 ya ƙare a Eltingville Transit Center a Eltingvila, Staten Island.]] [[Fayil:2205_QM63.jpg|thumb|2009 MCI D4500CT #2205 a kan Rosedale-bound QM63]] Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Biritaniya (MTA) tana gudanar da hanyoyin bas 80 a cikin birnin New York, Amurka. Dukkan hanyoyin da aka bayyana an sanya su da maƙaloli masu yawa (BM, BxM, QM, SIM), sai dai hanyoyi guda huɗu waɗanda Transit City na New York ke gudanarwa a Brooklyn, waɗanda aka riga aka sanya su da harafin X. Kudin tafiya na unidirectional, wanda za'a biya tare da MetroCard ko OMNY, tsarin biyan kuɗi mara lamba, shine $7. Akwai kafofin watsa labarai na rahusa. Ban da sabis na ad-hoc X80, ba a karɓar tsabar kudi akan motocin bas. Motocin bas na gaggawa suna aiki ta hanyar amfani da dizal mai kan hanya, masu horar da masu tsawon ƙafa 45, daga Masana'antar Kocin Motoci da Motar Prevost. Don ƙarin bayani, ziyarci shafin jirgin ruwa. == Manhattan zuwa Staten Island == [[Fayil:Bowling_Green_td_(2018-08-23)_06.jpg|right|thumb|A 2016 Prevost X3-45 (2761) a kan Eltingville-bound SIM1 a Bowling Green, kwana huɗu bayan X1 ya zama SIM1 a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2018.]] Yawancin hanyoyi suna tafiya zuwa tsibirin Staten ta hanyar Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, Gowanus Expressway, da Hugh L. Carey Tunnel zuwa Lower Manhattan. Wasu hanyoyin suna aiki ta New Jersey ta hanyar Goethals Bridge, New Jersey Turnpike, New Jersey Route 495, da Tunnel Lincoln don yin hidimar Midtown Manhattan kai tsaye. A ranar 19 ga Agustan shekarar 2018, an sake tsara duk hanyoyin bas na Staten Island-Manhattan don ba da hanyoyi masu sauƙi da kai tsaye, ƙarancin tasha don hanzarta tafiye-tafiye, da ƙarin sabis na sa'o'i marasa ƙarfi da ƙarshen mako. Sabbin hanyoyin da aka tsara tun farko sun ƙunshi manyan hanyoyi 21: 11 tafiya zuwa Midtown, 8 tafiya zuwa cikin gari da 2 tafiya zuwa Kauyen Greenwich ta Battery Park City. Hanyoyin "X" da aka yi amfani da su a baya an bar su don neman "SIM," ko Staten Island zuwa Manhattan, hanyoyin. Wannan shi ne sakamakon Nazarin Bus na Staten Island na tsawon shekaru biyu da MTA ta gudanar, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2015, wanda yayi nazarin bayanan aikin tafiya, bayanan mahayi da kuma yawan shigar da abokin ciniki, don ƙayyade hanya mafi inganci don sake saita hanyar sadarwar. Duk bikin da Transit City ke sarrafa su. Duk Lionel suna gudãnar a cikin sa'o'in gaggawa a cikin babbar hanya. Bugu da ƙari, SIM1C, SIM3C, SIM4C da SIM33C suna ba da sabis na ranar mako da alamun mako, kuma SIM1C yana ba da sabis na dare. asibiti-C guda gilashi suna rufe mafi yawan tashoshi a Manhattan da wasu bikin ke yi a cikin sa'o'i mafi girma. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Route !Manhattan terminal ! !Staten Island terminal !Manhattan streets ! width="5%" |Via !Staten Island streets traveled |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|[[SIM1 (New York City bus)|SIM1]]}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018">{{Cite web |date=July 2018 |title=Staten Island Express Bus Map: New Weekday Peak Network Map |url=http://nymta.civicconnect.com/sites/default/files/map-new-peak-express-network.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710102119/http://nymta.civicconnect.com/sites/default/files/map-new-peak-express-network.pdf |archive-date=July 10, 2018 |access-date=July 6, 2018 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref> |'''Greenwich Village'''<br /><br />Sixth Avenue and Houston Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Broadway and Houston Street (first pick-up) !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><br /><small>PM</small></div> | rowspan="2" |'''Eltingville Transit Center''' | * Church Street (northbound) * Broadway (southbound) | rowspan="10" |Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, Gowanus Expressway and Hugh L. Carey Tunnel | rowspan="2" |Hylan Boulevard, Richmond Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|[[SIM10 (New York City bus)|SIM1C]]}}'''*<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpOffpeakMap-2018">{{Cite web |date=March 2018 |title=Staten Island Express Bus Map: New Off-Peak and Weekend Network Map |url=http://nymta.civicconnect.com/sites/default/files/map-new-off-peak-express-network.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307174003/http://nymta.civicconnect.com/sites/default/files/map-new-off-peak-express-network.pdf |archive-date=March 7, 2018 |access-date=March 8, 2018 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref><ref name="SIM1" /> |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />Central Park South and Sixth Avenue !<span style="font-size:140%;">↔ </span> | * Church Street, Sixth Avenue (northbound) * Fifth Avenue, Broadway (southbound) |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM2}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018">{{Cite web |date=August 17, 2018 |title=We're Speeding Up Staten Island |url=http://nymta.civicconnect.com/content/together-let%E2%80%99s-make-commuting-faster-staten-island-express-bus-riders |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820070634/http://nymta.civicconnect.com/content/together-let%E2%80%99s-make-commuting-faster-staten-island-express-bus-riders |archive-date=August 20, 2018 |access-date=August 20, 2018 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref><ref name="MTA-SIMExpOffpeakMap-2018" /> |'''[[Lower Manhattan|Downtown]]'''<br /><br />Church Street and Worth Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Broadway and Warren Street (first pick-up) ! rowspan="2" |<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><br /><small>PM</small></div> |'''Tottenville'''<br /><br />Craig Avenue and Hylan Boulevard | * Church Street (northbound) * Broadway (southbound) |Arden Avenue, Woodrow Road, Huguenot Avenue, Hylan Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM3}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpOffpeakMap-2018" /> | rowspan="2" |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />Central Park South and Sixth Avenue | rowspan="2" |'''Port Richmond'''<br /><br />Castleton Avenue and Jewett Avenue | * Sixth Avenue (northbound) * Fifth Avenue (southbound) * 23rd Street | rowspan="2" | * Narrows Road (SIM3c only) * Victory Boulevard, Watchogue Road, Port Richmond Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM3C}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpOffpeakMap-2018" /><ref name="SIM3" /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">↔ </span> | * Church Street, Sixth Avenue (northbound) * Fifth Avenue, Broadway (southbound) |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM4}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''[[Lower Manhattan|Downtown]]'''<br /><br />Church Street and Worth Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Broadway and Chambers Street (first pick-up) !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><br /><small>PM</small></div> |'''Annadale'''<br /><br />Annadale Road and Drumgoole Road West | * Church Street (northbound) * Broadway (southbound) | rowspan="2" | * Richmond Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM4C}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpOffpeakMap-2018" /><ref name="SIM4" /> |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />Sixth Avenue and 59th Street !<span style="font-size:140%;">↔ </span> |'''Huguenot'''<br /><br />Boulder Avenue and Woodrow Road (last drop-off)<br /><br />Vineland Avenue and Woodrow Road (first pick-up) | * Church Street, Sixth Avenue, Madison Avenue (northbound) * Fifth Avenue, Broadway (southbound) |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM5}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''[[Lower Manhattan|Downtown]]'''<br /><br />Pearl Street and Peck Slip (last drop-off)<br /><br />Pearl Street and Frankfort Street (first pick-up) ! rowspan="18" |<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><br /><small>PM</small></div> | rowspan="3" |'''Eltingville Transit Center''' |Water Street | rowspan="2" |Father Capodanno Boulevard, Hylan Boulevard, Nelson Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM6}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />Lexington Avenue and 57th Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Lexington Avenue and 56th Street (first pick-up) | * Madison Avenue (northbound) * Lexington Avenue (southbound) * 23rd Street |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|[[SIM7 (New York City bus)|SIM7]]}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''Greenwich Village'''<br /><br />Sixth Avenue and 14th Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Broadway and 13th Street (first pick-up) | * Sixth Avenue (northbound) * Broadway, Houston Street (southbound) * West Street |Narrows Road, Hylan Boulevard, Richmond Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM8}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />57th Street and Lexington Avenue |'''Huguenot'''<br /><br />Woodrow Road and Huguenot Avenue | * 42nd Street * Madison Avenue (northbound) * Fifth Avenue (southbound) |Goethals Bridge, [[New Jersey Turnpike|NJ Turnpike]], and Lincoln Tunnel | * Goethals Road * Richmond Avenue, Woodrow Road |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM9}}'''<br /><br /> |'''Greenwich Village'''<br /><br />Sixth Avenue and 14th Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Broadway and 13th Street (first pick-up) |'''Eltingville'''<br /><br />Hylan Boulevard and Richmond Avenue | * Sixth Avenue (northbound) * Broadway, Houston Street (southbound) * West Street | rowspan="4" |Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, Gowanus Expressway and Hugh L. Carey Tunnel |Father Capodanno Boulevard, Hylan Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|[[SIM10 (New York City bus)|SIM10]]}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />Central Park South and Sixth Avenue |'''Eltingville Transit Center''' | * Sixth Avenue (northbound) * Fifth Avenue (southbound) * 23rd Street |Narrows Road, Hylan Boulevard, Richmond Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM11}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />Lexington Avenue and 57th Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Lexington Avenue and 56th Street (first pick-up) |'''New Dorp'''<br /><br />Ebbitts Street and Mill Road | * Madison Avenue (northbound) * Lexington Avenue (southbound) * 23rd Street |Narrows Road, Hylan Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM15}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''[[Lower Manhattan|Downtown]]'''<br /><br />Water Street and Hanover Square (last drop-off)<br /><br />Trinity Place and Rector Street (first pick-up) | rowspan="1" |'''Eltingville Transit Center''' |Church Street, Water Street |Narrows Road, Richmond Road, Arthur Kill Road |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM22}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />57th Street and Lexington Avenue |'''Eltingville'''<br /><br />Woods of Arden Road and Hylan Boulevard | * Madison Avenue (northbound) * Lexington Avenue (southbound) * 42nd Street | rowspan="7" |Goethals Bridge, [[New Jersey Turnpike|NJ Turnpike]], and Lincoln Tunnel |Arthur Kill Road, Richmond Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM23}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> | rowspan="2" |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />Madison Avenue and 59th Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Fifth Avenue and 59th Street (first pick-up) |'''Annadale'''<br /><br />Poillion Avenue and Hylan Boulevard | rowspan="2" | * Madison Avenue (northbound) * Fifth Avenue (southbound) * 34th Street |Arden Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM24}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''Huguenot'''<br /><br />Hylan Boulevard and Luten Avenue |Hylan Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM25}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> | rowspan="2" |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />57th Street and Lexington Avenue |'''Tottenville'''<br /><br />Craig Avenue and Hylan Boulevard | * Madison Avenue (northbound) * Fifth Avenue (southbound) * 42nd Street |Rossville Avenue, Foster Road, Hylan Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM26}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''Tottenville'''<br /><br />Page Avenue and Hylan Boulevard (last drop-off)<br /><br />Bedell Avenue and Hylan Boulevard (first pick-up) | * Madison Avenue (northbound) * Lexington Avenue (southbound) * 42nd Street |Bloomingdale Road, Amboy Road, Hylan Boulevard |- | rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM30}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> | rowspan="2" |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />Sixth Avenue and 59th Street |'''Sunnyside'''<br /><br />Clove Road and Victory Boulevard | rowspan="2" | * Madison Avenue (northbound) * Fifth Avenue (southbound) * 42nd Street | rowspan="2" | * Forest Avenue * Victory Boulevard (Sunnyside service) * Tompkins Avenue (Rosebank service) |- |'''Rosebank'''<br /><br />Tompkins Avenue and Hylan Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM31}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />57th Street and Lexington Avenue |'''Eltingville Transit Center''' | * Madison Avenue (northbound) * Fifth Avenue (southbound) * 23rd Street | rowspan="6" |Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, Gowanus Expressway and Hugh L. Carey Tunnel |Gannon Avenue, Bradley Avenue, Harold Street, Forest Hill Road, Travis Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM32}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''[[Lower Manhattan|Downtown]]'''<br /><br />Church Street and Worth Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Broadway and Warren Street (first pick-up) |'''Travis'''<br /><br />Victory Boulevard bus loop | * Church Street (northbound) * Broadway (southbound) |Gannon Avenue, Victory Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM33}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /><ref name="SIM32" /> |'''[[Lower Manhattan|Downtown]]'''<br /><br />Sixth Avenue and 14th Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Broadway and 13th Street (first pick-up) | rowspan="3" |'''Mariners Harbor'''<br /><br />South Avenue and Richmond Terrace | * Sixth Avenue (northbound) * Broadway, Houston Street (southbound) * West Street | rowspan="2" | * Narrows Road (SIM33C only) * Gannon Avenue, Richmond Avenue, Forest Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM33C}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''Midtown'''<br /><br />Central Park South and Sixth Avenue !<span style="font-size:140%;">↔ </span> | * Church Street, Sixth Avenue, Madison Avenue (northbound) * Broadway, Fifth Avenue (southbound) |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM34}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''[[Lower Manhattan|Downtown]]'''<br /><br />Sixth Avenue and Houston Street (last drop-off)<br /><br />Broadway and Houston Street (first pick-up) ! rowspan="2" |<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><br /><small>PM</small></div> | * Church Street (northbound) * Broadway (southbound) |Victory Boulevard, Watchogue Road, Richmond Avenue, Forest Avenue, South Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |'''{{Visible anchor|SIM35}}'''<br /><br /><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMap-2018" /> |'''[[Lower Manhattan|Downtown]]'''<br /><br />Pearl Street and Peck Slip (last drop-off)<br /><br />Pearl Street and Frankfort Street (first pick-up) |'''Port Richmond'''<br /><br />Castleton Avenue and Jewett Avenue |Water Street |Narrows Road, Clove Road, Forest Avenue, Port Richmond Avenue |} === Tarihi da bayanin kula === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Route !Original route(s) !History |- !SIM1<br /><br />SIM1C |X1,<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018">{{Cite web |date=August 17, 2018 |title=We're Speeding Up Staten Island |url=http://nymta.civicconnect.com/content/together-let%E2%80%99s-make-commuting-faster-staten-island-express-bus-riders |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820070634/http://nymta.civicconnect.com/content/together-let%E2%80%99s-make-commuting-faster-staten-island-express-bus-riders |archive-date=August 20, 2018 |access-date=August 20, 2018 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://nymta.civicconnect.com/content/together-let%E2%80%99s-make-commuting-faster-staten-island-express-bus-riders "We're Speeding Up Staten Island"]. [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]. August 17, 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180820070634/http://nymta.civicconnect.com/content/together-let%E2%80%99s-make-commuting-faster-staten-island-express-bus-riders Archived] from the original on August 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> X3, X4 | * Operates all times: SIM1 operates only during peak hours; SIM1C operates during all other times |- !SIM2 |X17C, X19<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /><ref name="MTA-Transit&Bus-Jun2018">{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2018 |title=NYCT and Bus Committee Meeting June 2018 |url=http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/180618_1000_transit-bus.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192612/http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/pdf/180618_1000_transit-bus.pdf |archive-date=June 17, 2018 |access-date=June 17, 2018 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref> | * Extended from Huguenot to Tottenville via Hylan Boulevard<ref name="MTA-Transit&Bus-Jun2018" />{{Rp|194}} * As of January 13, 2019, off-peak service was eliminated due to low ridership |- !SIM3<br /><br />SIM3C |X10, X12, X14, X42<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | * Operates during both peak and off-peak hours ** SIM3 operates only during peak hours; SIM3C operates during off-peak hours via Lower Manhattan * SIM3 operates via 23rd Street and the FDR Drive to bypass intermediate stops to the south during peak hours (similar to former X42). |- !SIM4<br /><br />SIM4C |X17A, X17C<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /><ref name="MTA-Transit&Bus-Jun2018" />{{Rp|195}} | * Operates during both peak and off-peak hours ** SIM4 & SIM4X operate only during peak hours; SIM4C operates during off-peak hours ** SIM4X ran express along Richmond Avenue, only stopping at Lamberts Lane and the Staten Island Mall (Lamberts Lane stop added January 13, 2019). This variant was discontinued on August 29, 2025 due to low ridership. Trips were only about 15 percent full on average. Some of the funds saved will be used to add seven full SIM4 trips.<ref name="ripsimx2">{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2025 |title=Service Changes: SIM4X and SIM8X Discontinuation and Conversion to Some SIM4 and SIM8 Trips |url=https://www.mta.info/document/176441 |access-date=July 20, 2025 |website=mta.info |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}</ref> * Former weekend service to Bay Ridge, Brooklyn (under former X17C) eliminated.<ref name="MTA-Transit&Bus-Jun2018" />{{Rp|195}} * Late evening Staten Island-bound SIM4C service extended west to Huguenot Avenue along SIM8 route on October 7, 2018<ref name="SILive-MTAOct7-Sep2018" /> * As of January 13, 2019, SIM4C buses were extended to Huguenot in order to replace the SIM2 off-peak |- !SIM5 |X4, X7, X8<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | * Originally had an express variant, SIM5X, non-stop from South Beach Park & Ride to Manhattan mornings only. ** SIM5X extended to New Dorp at Tysens Lane on September 7, 2018 to serve the community better, but the entire route was quickly discontinued on October 7, 2018 due to low ridership. |- !SIM6 |X5, X7<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | * Staten Island-bound trips rerouted from 5th Avenue to Lexington Avenue on August 30, 2018 following customer complaints. * The northern terminal was relocated from Sixth Avenue and Central Park South to Lexington Avenue and 57th Street to prevent buses from getting stuck in crosstown traffic. * Originally had an express variant, SIM6X, non-stop from South Beach Park & Ride to Manhattan mornings only. ** SIM6X extended to New Dorp at Tysens Lane on September 7, 2018 to serve the community better, but the entire route was quickly discontinued on October 7, 2018 due to low ridership.<ref name="SILive-SIM5X-Sep72018" /><ref name="SILive-MTAOct7-Sep2018" /> |- !SIM7 |X1, X3, X4, X7, X9<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | |- !SIM8 |X17J, X23<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | * SIM8X ran express along Richmond Avenue, only stopping at Lamberts Lane and the Staten Island Mall (Lamberts Lane stop added January 13, 2019). This variant was discontinued on August 29, 2025 due to low ridership. Trips were only about 25 percent full on average. Some of the funds saved will be used to add two full SIM8 trips.<ref name="ripsimx2" /> |- !SIM9 |X1, X3, X4, X7, X9<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | * Added on October 7, 2018 to provide West Street/Greenwich Village service on Father Capodanno Boulevard<ref name="SILive-SIM9-Sep142018" /><ref name="SILive-MTAOct7-Sep2018" /> |- !SIM10 |X1, X2, X5, X7, X9<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | |- !SIM11 |X2<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | * Added on January 13, 2019 to provide more reliable service between the northern portion of the Hylan Blvd corridor and East Midtown, and restore usage of the old New Dorp terminal on Mill Road. |- !SIM15 |X15<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | |- !SIM22 |X1, X5, X17J, X21, X23<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | * Staten Island-bound trips rerouted from Fifth Avenue to Lexington Avenue on August 30, 2018<ref name="SILive-SIM-Lex-Aug292018" /> |- !SIM23<br /><br />SIM24 |X17J, X23, X24<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | * Was operated by Academy Bus until Dec 30, 2021. * SIM23 and SIM24 rerouted from 42nd Street onto 34th Street on November 5, 2018, replicating X23/X24 route * SIM24 rerouted to Outerbridge Park & Ride on January 13, 2020, discontinued by MTA NYCT on January 3, 2022; SIM23 extended west along Hylan Boulevard to Luten Avenue to replace SIM24 service, while also expanding service to Southeast Annadale, MTA NYCT extended SIM23 to Poillion Avenue and Hylan Blvd. * Service started operations by MTA New York City Transit on January 3, 2022. |- !SIM25 |X22, X23<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | * New route replaced former X23 service on Foster Road in Prince’s Bay |- !SIM26 |X17, X22<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | * Staten Island-bound trips rerouted from 5th Avenue to Lexington Avenue on August 30, 2018<ref name="SILive-SIM-Lex-Aug292018" /> * No service to Outerbridge Park & Ride |- !SIM30 |X12, X14, X30,<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> X42 | * A pilot branch via Tompkins Avenue provides some Manhattan-bound service for former X18 riders (the X18 previously served Downtown. This branch serves Midtown) <ref name="MTA-Transit&Bus-Jun2018" />{{Rp|191, 196}}<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=1995 |title=1995 New York City Express Bus Map |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbGV3aXM1MTF8Z3g6M2UzZTEzY2M1NmFhMmUzMg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521021853/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbGV3aXM1MTF8Z3g6M2UzZTEzY2M1NmFhMmUzMg |archive-date=May 21, 2020 |access-date=August 7, 2018 |publisher=New York City Department of Transportation}}</ref><ref name="MTA-SIBusMap-Sept2007">{{Cite web |date=September 2007 |title=Staten Island Bus Map: September 2007 |url=http://www.mta.info/nyct/maps/bussi.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315103513/http://www.mta.info/nyct/maps/bussi.pdf |archive-date=March 15, 2009 |access-date=August 19, 2018 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref><ref name="MTA-SIMExpMapAll-2018">{{Cite web |date=March 2018 |title=Staten Island Express Bus Map: Individual Route Maps with Bus Stop Locations |url=http://nymta.civicconnect.com/sites/default/files/map-all-routes.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307174022/http://nymta.civicconnect.com/sites/default/files/map-all-routes.pdf |archive-date=March 7, 2018 |access-date=March 8, 2018 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref> |- !SIM31 |X10, X31<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | |- !SIM32 |X10, X11<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | |- !SIM33 |X10,<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> X12 | |- !SIM33C |X10,<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> X12 | * Created on January 13, 2019 as an off-peak version of the SIM33 extended to Midtown via Church Street and Madison Avenue, also serving Narrows Road |- !SIM34 |X12<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | |- !SIM35 |X10, X14<ref name="MTA-SIExp-Aug2018" /> | |} == Manhattan zuwa Brooklyn == [[Fayil:NYCT_Bus_2018_MCI_D45_CRT_LE_Demo_Bus_0023_(cropped).jpg|thumb|A 2018 Motor Coach D45 CRT LE (0023) a kan Bensonhurst-bound X38. Wannan bas ne kawai kuma ba ya cikin sabis na fasinja.]] Hanyoyin X-hanyoyi na New York City Transit ne ke tafiyar da su, yayin da hanyoyin BM-Routes ke sarrafa ta MTA Bus Company. Duk hanyoyin suna aiki ba tsayawa tsakanin Brooklyn da Manhattan ta hanyar Gowanus Expressway ko Prospect Expressway zuwa Hugh L. Carey Tunnel, tare da wasu hanyoyin da ke ci gaba ba tsayawa ta hanyar FDR Drive don isa Midtown. Banda wannan shine BM5, wanda kuma yana tsayawa a cikin Queens kuma yana amfani da Woodhaven Boulevard, Long Island Expressway da Queens Midtown Tunnel don isa Midtown. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita !Tashar Manhattan ! !Tashar jirgin saman Brooklyn !An yi tafiya a titunan Manhattan ! width="5%" |Tafiya !An yi tafiya a titunan Brooklyn |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''X27'''<br /></div> | rowspan="3" | * MidtownEast 57th Street da Madison Avenue<br /> ---- * '''Chelsea''' 23rd Street da Broadway<br /> ---- * Lower ManhattanThomas Street da Church Street<br /> ! rowspan="3" |<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |Hanyar '''Bay Ridge''' da 4th Avenue<br /> | rowspan="3" | * Church Street, Sixth Avenue, Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Fifth Avenue, Park Avenue South, Broadway (kudu) | rowspan="6" |Gowanus Expressway, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey |3rd Avenue, Bay Ridge Avenue, Shore Road |- | rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''X28'''</div><ref name="x27" /> |'''Bensonhurst''' Avenue da Canal Avenue<br /><br /> | rowspan="2" |86th Street, 14th Avenue, Cropsey Avenue, Surf Avenue |- |Sea GateWest 37th Street da Surf Avenue<br /><br /> |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''X37'''<br /></div> | rowspan="3" |MidtownEast 57th Street da Madison Avenue<br /> ! rowspan="3" |<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |Hanyar '''Bay Ridge''' da 4th Avenue<br /> | rowspan="3" | * Hanyar 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) |3rd Avenue, Bay Ridge Avenue, Shore Road |- | rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''X38'''<br /><ref name="x27" /></div> |'''Bensonhurst''' Avenue da Canal Avenue<br /><br /> | rowspan="2" |86th Street, 14th Avenue, Cropsey Avenue, Surf Avenue |- |Sea GateWest 37th Street da Surf Avenue<br /><br /> |- | rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM1'''</div> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> | rowspan="2" |Mill Basin56th Drive da Strickland Avenue<br /> | rowspan="8" | * Trinity Place, Park Row, Water Street (Downtown Loop) * Hanyar 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) | rowspan="8" |Hanyar Gudanarwa, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey | rowspan="2" |Ocean Avenue, Avenue K |- |DowntownState Street da Battery Place<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |- | rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM2'''</div> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |'''Canarsie''' Avenue da Williams Avenue<br /> | rowspan="2" | * Flatbush Avenue, H Avenue, M Avenue * Pennsylvania Avenue (Tafiye-tafiye na gari kawai) |- |DowntownState Street da Battery Place<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |Starrett CityPennsylvania Avenue da Seaview Avenue<br /> |- | rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM3'''</div> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> | rowspan="2" |'''Sheepshead Bay''' Avenue da Shore Boulevard<br /> | rowspan="2" |Coney Island Avenue, Ocean Avenue, Emmons Avenue |- |DowntownState Street da Battery Place<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |- | rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM4'''</div> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> | rowspan="2" |Gerritsen Beach da Lois Avenue<br /> | rowspan="2" |Coney Island Avenue, Nostrand Avenue, Gerritsen Avenue |- |DowntownState Street da Battery Place<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM5'''</div> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |Starrett CityPennsylvania Avenue da Seaview Avenue<br /> | * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanyar 34 |Hanyar Long Island Expressway, Queens Midtown TunnelRamin Queens Midtown |Woodhaven Boulevard, Linden Boulevard da Pennsylvania Avenue |- |} === Tarihi da bayanin kula === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita !Tarihi |- !X27 | * Ayyukan Rush Hour sun ƙare a Thomas Street ko 23rd Street * Dukkanin sabis na karshen mako ya ƙare a 57th Street * Sabis ɗin ya fara ne a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 1972 a matsayin B27X a matsayin hanyar bas din gaggawa ta farko tsakanin Manhattan da Brooklyn, an sake kiranta X27 a 1976 * Tsayawa a Battery Place da Greenwich Street da aka kara a 1981 * A watan Janairun 2000, MTA ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen sake komawa arewacin X27, X28, da X29 don gudana kai tsaye ta hanyar Greenwich Street da Trinity Place bayan fita daga Brooklyn Battery Tunnel, maimakon gudu ta hanyar 0.5 mil (0.80 -tsawon madauki wanda ya kunshi West Street, Battery Place, Greenwich Street, da Trinity Place. Retrait ɗin zai kawar da sauye-sauye uku na hagu da buƙatar tafiya ta hanyar fitilun zirga-zirga guda biyu. Duk da yake yin madauki yawanci yana ɗaukar kimanin minti biyar, yana iya ɗaukar minti 15 ko fiye a ƙarƙashin cunkoso mai yawa. Sabis zuwa tashar bas din Greenwich Street da Battery Place, wanda mutane 475 ke amfani da shi a kowace mako, ko kuma kashi 11 cikin 100 na duk mahayan Manhattan a kan hanyoyi uku za a dakatar da su. Canjin, wanda zai fara aiki a wannan watan, ana sa ran zai adana $ 20,000 a shekara. An aiwatar da wannan canjin cikin nasara a kan hanyoyin bas na X1 da X14. Canjin ya fara aiki a watan Fabrairun 2000. A watan Yulin 2000, MTA ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen juyar da canjin don sabis na arewacin X1, X12, X27, da X29 a lokacin mafi girma na safe saboda shirin tsawaitawar Gowanus Expressway High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lane ta hanyar Brooklyn Battery Tunnel a lokacin mafi girman safiya tsakanin 6 na safe da 10 na safe. Za a yi canjin tun lokacin da fadada hanyar HOV za ta hana motoci motsawa tsakanin bututun hagu da dama a cikin filin haraji a ƙofar ramin, ma'ana bas din da ke amfani da hanyar HOV ba za su iya fita a Trinity Place ba. Don magance gaskiyar cewa sakewa zai dawo da tarwatsawa ta hanyar madauki, MTA Bridges and Tunnels sun shirya sanya jami'an 'yan sanda da jami'an zirga-zirga a manyan wurare don daidaita zirga-zane. Canjin, wanda zai fara aiki a ƙarshen Yuli 2000, ana sa ran zai kara farashin aiki na shekara-shekara da $ 32,000. * Sabis ɗin karshen mako da aka kara Satumba 2002 <ref name="MTA-ServiceChange-Exp-Oct2002">{{Cite web |date=October 2002 |title=Planned Service Changes: Express |url=http://mta.info:80/nyct/service/bus/bussrvnoex.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021020214318/http://mta.info/nyct/service/bus/bussrvnoex.htm |archive-date=October 20, 2002 |access-date=August 22, 2018 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref> |- !X28 | * Seagate ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a cikin shugabanci mafi girma da kuma dare kawai; sabis ɗin ya ƙare a Thomas Street ko 23rd Street * Dukkanin sabis na karshen mako ya ƙare a 57th Street * A watan Janairun 2000, MTA ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen sake komawa arewacin X27, X28, da X29 don gudana kai tsaye ta hanyar Greenwich Street da Trinity Place bayan fita daga Brooklyn Battery Tunnel, maimakon gudu ta hanyar 0.5 mil (0.80 -tsawon madauki wanda ya kunshi West Street, Battery Place, Greenwich Street, da Trinity Place. Retrait ɗin zai kawar da sauye-sauye uku na hagu da buƙatar tafiya ta hanyar fitilun zirga-zirga guda biyu. Duk da yake yin madauki yawanci yana ɗaukar kimanin minti biyar, yana iya ɗaukar minti 15 ko fiye a ƙarƙashin cunkoso mai yawa. Sabis zuwa tashar bas din Greenwich Street da Battery Place, wanda mutane 475 ke amfani da shi a kowace mako, ko kuma kashi 11 cikin 100 na duk mahayan Manhattan a kan hanyoyi uku za a dakatar da su. Canjin, wanda zai fara aiki a wannan watan, ana sa ran zai adana $ 20,000 a shekara. An aiwatar da wannan canjin cikin nasara a kan hanyoyin bas na X1 da X14.<ref name="Loop2000" /> Canjin ya fara aiki a watan Fabrairun 2000. A watan Yulin 2000, MTA ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen juyar da canjin don sabis na arewacin X1, X12, X27, da X29 a lokacin mafi girma na safe saboda shirin tsawaitawar Gowanus Expressway High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lane ta hanyar Brooklyn Battery Tunnel a lokacin mafi girman safiya tsakanin 6 na safe da 10 na safe. Za a yi canjin tun lokacin da fadada hanyar HOV za ta hana motoci motsawa tsakanin bututun hagu da dama a cikin filin haraji a ƙofar ramin, ma'ana bas din da ke amfani da hanyar HOV ba za su iya fita a Trinity Place ba. Don magance gaskiyar cewa sakewa zai dawo da tarwatsawa ta hanyar madauki, MTA Bridges and Tunnels sun shirya sanya jami'an 'yan sanda da jami'an zirga-zirga a manyan wurare don daidaita zirga-zane. Canjin, wanda zai fara aiki a ƙarshen Yuli 2000, ana sa ran zai kara farashin aiki na shekara-shekara da $ 32,000.<ref name="Loop2000Undone" /> * An dakatar da shi a Cropsey Avenue da Bay 49th Street a Brooklyn * Sabis ɗin karshen mako da aka kara Satumba 2002 kuma an kawar da Yuni 2010-Satumba 2016 saboda rikicin kasafin kuɗi <ref name="MTA-ServiceChange-Exp-Oct2002" /><ref name="mta.info 2016">{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2016 |title=Planned Service Changes X28 |url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/planned_servChanges_X28.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911191344/http://web.mta.info/nyct/service/planned_servChanges_X28.htm |archive-date=September 11, 2016 |access-date=September 6, 2016 |website=mta.info |publisher=New York City Transit}}</ref> * Asalin B28X a cikin 1971, sannan aka sake kiranta X28 a cikin 1976. * An fara sabis na dare a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2020 saboda rufewar jirgin karkashin kasa na dare wanda cutar ta COVID-19 ta haifar; an dakatar da shi a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 2020 saboda karancin fasinjoji. |- !X37X38<br /> | * Babu sabis na karshen mako * Babu tsayawa a Manhattan kudu da titin 23 * An kawar da shi na ɗan lokaci Yuni 2010-Yuli 2011 saboda rikicin kasafin kuɗi <ref name="2010cuts" /> |- !BM1BM2BM3BM4<br /><br /><br /> | * Babu hidimar dare ko Lahadi * Sabis ɗin Midtown ta hanyar yankin Downtown yana aiki duk rana * Ayyukan gaggawa na Downtown-kawai da Midtown suna aiki ne kawai a ranakun mako * Ayyukan BM1 sun fara ne a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1972, suna gudana daga Avenue U da Bergen Avenue zuwa Madison Avenue da 56th Street. * BM1, BM2, BM3 da Pioneer Bus ke sarrafawa har zuwa 1979, BM4 ta fara aiki a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1984; duk hanyoyin da Kamfanin Command Bus ke sarrafa su har zuwa 2005 <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=1995 |title=1995 New York City Express Bus Map |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbGV3aXM1MTF8Z3g6M2UzZTEzY2M1NmFhMmUzMg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521021853/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbGV3aXM1MTF8Z3g6M2UzZTEzY2M1NmFhMmUzMg |archive-date=May 21, 2020 |access-date=August 7, 2018 |publisher=New York City Department of Transportation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbGV3aXM1MTF8Z3g6M2UzZTEzY2M1NmFhMmUzMg "1995 New York City Express Bus Map"]. New York City Department of Transportation. 1995. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200521021853/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbGV3aXM1MTF8Z3g6M2UzZTEzY2M1NmFhMmUzMg Archived] from the original on May 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> * BM2 ya kai ga Starrett City daga Canarsie a watan Oktoba 1974 * Overnight BM2 da BM3 sabis sun fara ne a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2020 saboda rufewar jirgin karkashin kasa da aka haifar da cutar COVID-19. * An dakatar da sabis na dare na BM3 a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 2020 saboda ƙarancin fasinjoji. |- !BM5 | * An gudanar da shi ta hanyar Pioneer Bus har zuwa 1979, Command Bus Company 1979-2005 <ref name=":4" /> * A baya an yi tsayawa daya kawai a Queens, a titin 79 a Lindenwood; fadada sabis tare da Woodhaven da Cross Bay Boulevards ya fara Afrilu 2010 * An sake kiranta daga BQM1 a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2007.<ref name="BQM1" /> |- |} === Hanyoyin da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin sake fasalin bas na Brooklyn === MTA ta fitar da wani tsari na shirin sake fasalin hanyar bas din Brooklyn a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2022.<ref name="Brachfeld 202212">{{Cite web |last=Brachfeld |first=Ben |date=December 1, 2022 |title=Draft plan for new Brooklyn bus network aims to finally end decades of slow, unreliable service |url=https://www.amny.com/new-york/brooklyn/mta-draft-redesign-brooklyn-bus-network/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201232845/https://www.amny.com/new-york/brooklyn/mta-draft-redesign-brooklyn-bus-network/ |archive-date=December 1, 2022 |access-date=December 2, 2022 |website=amNewYork}}</ref><ref name="Crain's New York Business 202212">{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2022 |title=Brooklyn bus riders could finally get faster service under MTA redesign |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/transportation/brooklyn-bus-riders-could-finally-get-faster-service-under-mta-redesign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202024935/https://www.crainsnewyork.com/transportation/brooklyn-bus-riders-could-finally-get-faster-service-under-mta-redesign |archive-date=December 2, 2022 |access-date=December 2, 2022 |website=Crain's New York Business}}</ref> Sabon shirin yana riƙe da prefix na "BM" kuma yana adana duk hanyoyin da ake da su. BM1, BM2, BM3, BM4, X27/X37, da X28/X38, kowannensu za a raba shi zuwa hanyoyi uku: hanyar cikin gari mai sauri, hanyar tsakiyar gari, da kuma hanyar tsakiyar gari da kuma tsakiyar gari. Gabaɗaya, shirin da aka sabunta ya haɗa da canje-canje masu zuwa: <ref name="bus-plan-bk-draft">{{Cite web |date=December 2022 |title=Draft Plan, Brooklyn Bus Network Redesign |url=https://new.mta.info/document/101521 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201202923/https://new.mta.info/document/101521 |archive-date=December 1, 2022 |access-date=January 1, 2020 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref> * Duk hanyoyin da ke da prefix X za a sake sanya su tare da prefix BM; watau X27, X28, X37, da X38 za su zama BM7, BM8, BM37, da BM38 bi da bi. * Dukkanin hanyoyin da ke cikin gari za su sami lambar lambobi guda ɗaya (misali BM1). * Dukkanin hanyoyin tsakiyar gari za su sami lambar lambobi biyu da ke farawa a 3 (misali BM31). * Dukkanin hanyoyin da ke cikin gari da na tsakiya za su sami lambar lambobi guda ɗaya da ma'anar "C" (misali BM1C). {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita !Tashar Manhattan ! !Tashar jirgin saman Brooklyn !An yi tafiya a titunan Manhattan ! width="5%" |Tafiya !An yi tafiya a titunan Brooklyn !Bayani |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM1'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM1 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm1-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181439/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm1-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |DowntownState Street da Battery Place<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> | rowspan="2" |Mill Basin56th Drive da Strickland Avenue<br /> |Hanyar Ruwa | rowspan="2" |Hanyar Gudanarwa, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey | rowspan="2" |Hanyar Beverley, Ocean Avenue, Avenue J, Avenue K | rowspan="2" | * A Lower Manhattan, BM1/BM1C za a sake komawa zuwa Water Street don sauƙaƙa sabis. * Tsakanin Ocean da Coney Island Avenues a Brooklyn, BM1/BM1C/BM31 za su yi amfani da Beverley Road maimakon Cortelyou Road. * Tsakanin Flatbush da Ocean Avenues a Brooklyn, BM1/BM1C/BM31 za su yi amfani da Avenue J maimakon Avenue K. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM1C'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM1c Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm1c-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181438/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm1c-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span></div> | * Hanyar Ruwa, Hanyar FDR, Hanyar 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM2'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM2 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm2-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181437/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm2-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |DowntownState Street da Battery Place<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |Starrett CityPennsylvania Avenue da Seaview Avenue<br /> |Hanyar Ruwa | rowspan="2" |Hanyar Gudanarwa, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey | rowspan="2" |Hanyar Beverley, Flatbush Avenue, H Avenue, M Avenue, Pennsylvania AvenueHanyar Pennsylvania | rowspan="2" | * A Lower Manhattan, za a sake tura BM2/BM2C zuwa Water Street don sauƙaƙa sabis. * Tsakanin Ocean da Coney Island Avenues a Brooklyn, BM2/BM2C/BM32 za su yi amfani da Beverley Road maimakon Cortelyou Road. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM2C'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM2c Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm2c-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181437/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm2c-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span></div> |Starrett CityFountain Avenue da Williams Avenue<br /> | * Hanyar Ruwa, Hanyar FDR, Hanyar 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM3'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM3 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm3-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181441/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm3-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |DowntownState Street da Battery Place<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> | rowspan="2" |'''Sheepshead Bay''' Avenue da Shore Boulevard<br /> |Hanyar Ruwa | rowspan="2" |Hanyar Gudanarwa, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey | rowspan="2" |Ocean Avenue, Avenue X, Batchelder Street, Emmons Avenue | rowspan="2" | * A Lower Manhattan, za a sake tura BM3/BM3C zuwa Water Street don sauƙaƙa sabis. * Tsakanin Beverley Road da Prospect Expressway, BM3/BM3C/BM33 za ta yi amfani da hanyar kai tsaye tare da Caton Avenue da Ocean Parkway. * Tsakanin Ocean da Coney Island Avenues a Brooklyn, BM3/BM3C / BM33 za su yi amfani da Beverley Road maimakon Cortelyou Road. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM3C'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM3c Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm3c-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181442/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm3c-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span></div> | * Trinity Place, Park Row, Water Street (Downtown Loop) |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM4'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM4 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm4-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181439/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm4-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |DowntownState Street da Battery Place<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> | rowspan="2" |Gerritsen BeachGerritsen Avenue<br /> |Hanyar Ruwa | rowspan="2" |Hanyar Gudanarwa, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey | rowspan="2" |Coney Island Avenue, Avenue L, Nostrand Avenue, Gerritsen Avenue | rowspan="2" | * A Lower Manhattan, za a sake tura BM4/BM4C zuwa Water Street don sauƙaƙa sabis. * A tsakiyar Brooklyn, BM4/BM4C/BM34 za a sake komawa zuwa Coney Island Avenue da Avenue L don samar da sabon sabis ga Midwood da rage yawan juyawa. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM4C'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM4c Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm4c-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181437/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm4c-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span></div> | * Hanyar Ruwa, Hanyar FDR, Hanyar 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM7'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM7 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm7-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204185900/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm7-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |DowntownThomas Street da Church Street<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> | rowspan="2" |Hanyar '''Bay Ridge''' da 4th Avenue<br /> | * Hanyar Ikilisiya (daga arewa) * Broadway (kudancin kudu) | rowspan="2" |Gowanus Expressway, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey | rowspan="2" |3rd Avenue, Bay Ridge Avenue, Shore Road | * Ya maye gurbin bambancin gari kawai na X27. * A Manhattan, duk tafiye-tafiye za su ƙare a Duane Street kuma su fara a Thomas Street saboda ƙananan fasinjoji tsakanin Duane / Thomas Streets da 23rd Street. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM7C'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM7c Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm7c-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204185903/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm7c-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> | * Church Street, Sixth Avenue, Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Fifth Avenue, Broadway (kudu) |Sabis tsakanin titunan Duane / Thomas da titin 23 da aka bayar a lokacin lokutan da ba su da yawa kawai. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM8'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM8 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm8-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204185851/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm8-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |DowntownThomas Street da Church Street<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> | rowspan="2" |'''Bensonhurst''' Avenue da Canal Avenue<br /> | * Hanyar Ikilisiya (daga arewa) * Broadway (kudancin kudu) | rowspan="2" |Gowanus Expressway, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey | rowspan="2" |86th Street, 14th Avenue, Cropsey AvenueHanyar Cropsey | * Ya maye gurbin bambancin gari kawai na X28. * A Manhattan, duk tafiye-tafiye za su ƙare a Duane Street kuma su fara a Thomas Street saboda ƙananan fasinjoji tsakanin Duane / Thomas Streets da 23rd Street. * A Brooklyn, duk tafiye-tafiye za su ƙare a Cropsey Avenue da Canal Avenue saboda ƙarancin fasinjoji a Sea Gate. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM8C'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM8c Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm8c-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204185902/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm8c-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> | * Church Street, Sixth Avenue, Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Fifth Avenue, Broadway (kudu) |Sabis tsakanin titunan Duane / Thomas da titin 23 da aka bayar a lokacin lokutan da ba su da yawa kawai. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM31'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM31 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm31-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181441/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm31-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |Mill Basin56th Drive da Strickland Avenue<br /> | * FDR Drive, titin 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) |Hanyar Gudanarwa, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey |Hanyar Beverley, Ocean Avenue, Avenue J, Avenue K | * Tsakanin Ocean da Coney Island Avenues a Brooklyn, BM1/BM1C/BM31 za su yi amfani da Beverley Road maimakon Cortelyou Road. * Tsakanin Flatbush da Ocean Avenues a Brooklyn, BM1/BM1C/BM31 za su yi amfani da Avenue J maimakon Avenue K. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM32'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM32 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm32-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181438/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm32-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |'''Canarsie''' Avenue da Williams Avenue<br /> | * FDR Drive, titin 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) |Hanyar Gudanarwa, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey |Flatbush Avenue, H Avenue, M Avenue |Tsakanin Ocean da Coney Island Avenues a Brooklyn, BM2/BM2C/BM32 za su yi amfani da Beverley Road maimakon Cortelyou Road. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM33'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM33 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm33-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181436/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm33-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |'''Sheepshead Bay''' Avenue da Shore Boulevard<br /> | * FDR Drive, titin 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) |Hanyar Gudanarwa, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey |Ocean Avenue, Avenue X, Batchelder Street, Emmons Avenue | * Tsakanin Beverley Road da Prospect Expressway, BM3/BM3C/BM33 za ta yi amfani da hanyar kai tsaye tare da Caton Avenue da Ocean Parkway. * Tsakanin Ocean da Coney Island Avenues a Brooklyn, BM3/BM3C / BM33 za su yi amfani da Beverley Road maimakon Cortelyou Road. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM34'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM34 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm34-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181436/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm34-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |Gerritsen Beach da Lois Avenue<br /> | * FDR Drive, titin 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) |Hanyar Gudanarwa, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey |Coney Island Avenue, Avenue L, Nostrand Avenue, Gerritsen Avenue |A tsakiyar Brooklyn, BM4/BM4C/BM34 za a sake komawa zuwa Coney Island Avenue da Avenue L don samar da sabon sabis ga Midwood da rage yawan juyawa. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM35'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM35 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm35-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181437/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm35-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da 2nd Avenue<br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |Starrett CityPennsylvania Avenue da Seaview Avenue<br /> | * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanyar 34 |Hanyar Long Island Expressway, Queens Midtown TunnelRamin Queens Midtown |Woodhaven Boulevard, Linden Boulevard da Pennsylvania Avenue | * BM5 ya sake lakafta zuwa BM35 don nuna ƙarshen Midtown. * Sauran canje-canje ne kawai za su dakatar da nisa. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM37'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM37 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm37-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181436/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm37-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da Madison Avenue<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |Hanyar '''Bay Ridge''' da 4th Avenue<br /> | * FDR Drive, titin 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) |Gowanus Expressway, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey |3rd Avenue, Bay Ridge Avenue, Shore Road | * Ya maye gurbin bambancin tsakiyar gari kawai na X37. * Sauran canje-canje ne kawai za su dakatar da nisa. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''BM38'''</div><ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: BM38 Express |url=https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm38-express |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204181436/https://new.mta.info/project/brooklyn-bus-network-redesign/routes/bm38-express |archive-date=December 4, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-04 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> |MidtownEast 57th Street da Madison Avenue<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |'''Bensonhurst''' Avenue da Canal Avenue<br /><br /> | * FDR Drive, titin 23 * Madison Avenue (daga arewa) * Hanya ta Biyar (kudancin kudu) |Gowanus Expressway, Hugh L. Carey TunnelHanyar Hugh L. Carey |86th Street, 14th Avenue, Cropsey AvenueHanyar Cropsey | * Ya maye gurbin bambancin tsakiyar gari kawai na X38. * A Brooklyn, duk tafiye-tafiye za su ƙare a Cropsey Avenue da Canal Avenue saboda ƙarancin fasinjoji a Sea Gate. |} == Manhattan zuwa Queens == [[Fayil:1452_QM65.jpg|thumb|A 2021 Prevost X3-45 (1452) a kan Downtown-bound QM65]] Duk hanyoyin Midtown ban da QM2, QM5 da QM20 Super Expresses suna aiki da fita ba tsayawa ta hanyar gadar Ed Koch Queensboro, yayin da hanyoyin cikin gari ke aiki ta hanyar FDR Drive da Queens Midtown Tunnel. Duk sabis na shigowa yana aiki ta hanyar Long Island Expressway da Tunnel Midtown na Queens. Dukkanin hanyoyin Kamfanin Bus na MTA ne ke tafiyar da su, ban da QM63, QM64, da QM68, waɗanda ke tafiyar da su ta hanyar New York City Transit. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita !Tashar Manhattan ! !Tashar Queens !An yi tafiya a titunan Manhattan !An yi tafiya a titunan Queens |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM1'''</div> | rowspan="2" |Midtown57th Street da Third Avenue (ƙarshe drop-off) 36th Street da Sixth Avenue (farko pick-up) <br /><br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |Fresh Meadows188th Street da 64th Avenue<br /> |34th Street, Sixth Avenue, 57th Street |Union Turnpike, titin 188 |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM2'''</div> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> | rowspan="2" |Cibiyar Siyayya ta '''Bay Terrace''' Terrace<br /> | * 34th Street, Sixth Avenue * 57th Street (inbound) * 59th Street (fitarwa) | rowspan="2" | * Hanyar sabis na Whitestone Expressway (kwanakin mako) * Parsons Boulevard (makon mako) * Hanyar sabis na Cross Island Parkway |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM2 Super Express'''</div> |Midtown 35th Street da Sixth Avenue<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |34th Street, Sixth Avenue, 36th Street |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM4'''</div> | rowspan="2" |Midtown57th Street da Third Avenue (ƙarshe drop-off) 36th Street da Sixth Avenue (farko pick-up) <br /><br /> ! rowspan="2" |<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |'''Electchester''' Street da Horace Harding Expressway<br /> | rowspan="2" |34th Street, Sixth Avenue, 57th Street |Hanyar Jewel |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM5''' <ref name="QM1" /> </div> | rowspan="2" |'''Glen Oaks''' Street da Union Turnpike<br /> | rowspan="2" |Union Turnpike, 73rd Avenue, Horace Harding Expressway |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM5 Super Express'''</div><ref name="QM1" /> |Midtown 35th Street da Sixth Avenue<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |34th Street, Sixth Avenue, 36th Street |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM6''' <ref name="QM1" /> </div> |Midtown57th Street da Third Avenue (ƙarshe drop-off) 36th Street da Sixth Avenue (farko pick-up) <br /><br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |Lake SuccessNorth Shore Towers<br /> |34th Street, Sixth Avenue, 57th Street | * Union Turnpike, Hanyar Lakeville * |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM7'''</div> | rowspan="2" |DowntownFrankfort Street da Pearl Street (ƙarshe) Pearl Street da Peck Slip (na farko) <br /><br /> ! rowspan="6" |<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |Fresh Meadows188th Street da 64th Avenue<br /> | rowspan="2" |Hanyar Ruwa, Hanyar Coci | rowspan="3" | * Union Turnpike, titin 188 * 73rd Avenue, Horace Harding Expressway (QM8 kawai) |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM8'''</div><ref name="QM7" /> | rowspan="2" |'''Glen Oaks''' Street da Union Turnpike<br /> |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM8 Super Express'''</div><ref name="QM7" /> |DowntownWater St a Wall St<br /> |Ruwa St, Kudancin St (mai fita) Pearl St, Ruwa St. Church St, Park Row (mai shiga) <br /> |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM10'''</div> |Midtown57th Street da Sixth Avenue (ƙarshe drop-off) 34th Street da Third Avenue (farko pick-up) <br /><br /> | rowspan="2" |Rego Park57th Avenue da Junction Boulevard (ƙarshe) 63rd Road da 98th Place (na farko, QM10) Queens Boulevard da Ascan Avenue (na farko da aka ɗauka, QM11) <br /><br /><br /> |34th Street, Sixth Avenue, 57th Street |Hanyar 63rd, 57th Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM11'''</div><ref name="qm10" /> |DowntownFrankfort Street da Pearl Street (ƙarshe) Pearl Street da Peck Slip (na farko) <br /><br /> |Hanyar Ruwa, Hanyar Coci |Queens Boulevard, 63rd Road, 57th Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM12'''</div> | rowspan="5" |Midtown57th Street da Sixth Avenue (ƙarshe drop-off) 34th Street da Third Avenue (farko pick-up) <br /><br /> |Gidajen Forest HillsCrescent (ƙarshe) Metropolitan Avenue da 71st Road (na farko da aka ɗauka) <br /><br /> | rowspan="5" |34th Street, Sixth Avenue, 57th Street |Yellowstone Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM15'''</div> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> |'''Howard Beach''' Avenue da 102nd Street ko '''Arverne''' Beach 54th Street da Beach Channel Drive ko '''Lindenwood''' Cross Bay Boulevard da 157th Avenue<br /><br /> |Woodhaven Boulevard, 155th Avenue, 157th Avenue, Cross Bay Boulevard (duk tafiye-tafiye), Rockaway Beach Blvd, Beach Channel Drive (tafiye-tafiya na Arverne kawai) |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM16'''</div> ! rowspan="3" |<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |'''Jacob Riis Park''' |Cross Bay Boulevard, Rockaway Beach Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM17'''</div> |'''Far Rockaway''' 21st Street da Mott Avenueat Far Rockaby-Mott Avenue (jirgi) <br /><br /><small>a Far Rockaway-Mott Avenue (jirgi) </small> |Cross Bay Boulevard, Beach Channel Drive, Seagirt Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM18'''</div> |Kudancin Ozone Park130th Street da 150th Avenue<br /> |Queens Boulevard, Lefferts Boulevard da 135th Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div><div>'''QM20''' </div></div> |Midtown57th Street da Third Avenue (ƙarshe drop-off) 36th Street da Sixth Avenue (farko pick-up) <br /><br /> !<span style="font-size:140%;">Sanya</span> | rowspan="2" |'''Bay Terrace''' Street da 18th Avenue (ƙarshe drop-off) Corporal Kennedy Street da 23rd Avenue (na farko pick-up) <br /><br /> | * 34th Street, Sixth Avenue * 57th Street (inbound) * 59th Street (fitarwa) | rowspan="2" |Willets Point Boulevard, Utopia Parkway, 26th Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM20 Super Express'''</div><ref name="qm2" /> |Midtown 35th Street da Sixth Avenue<br /> !<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |34th Street, Sixth Avenue, 36th Street |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM21'''</div> |MidtownEast 23rd Street da Park Avenue<br /> ! rowspan="11" |<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |Rochdale VillageGuy R Brewer Boulevard da 130th Avenue (ƙarshe) Bedell Street & 127 Avenue (na farko da aka ɗauka) <br /><br /><br /> |23rd Street, Madison Avenue, 57th Street |Queens Boulevard, Linden Boulevard da Guy R. Brewer Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM24'''</div> |Midtown57th Street da Sixth Avenue (ƙarshe drop-off) 34th Street da Third Avenue (farko pick-up) <br /><br /> | rowspan="2" |'''Glendale''' Avenue da 73rd Street<br /> |34th Street, Sixth Avenue, 57th Street |Eliot Avenue, Fresh Pond Road |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM25'''</div> |DowntownFrankfort Street da Pearl Street (ƙarshe) Pearl Street da Peck Slip (na farko) <br /><br /> |Hanyar Ikilisiya, Hanyar Ruwa |Eliot Avenue, Fresh Pond Road, Myrtle Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM31'''</div><ref name="QM1" /> | rowspan="8" |Midtown55th Street da Third Avenue (ƙarshe drop-off) 38th Street da na uku Avenue (farko pick-up) <br /><br /> |Fresh Meadows188th Street & 64th Avenue<br /> | rowspan="8" |Hanya ta Uku |Union Turnpike, titin 188 |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM32'''</div> |Cibiyar Siyayya ta '''Bay Terrace''' Terrace<br /> |Hanyar sabis na Whitestone Expressway, hanyar sabis na Cross Island Parkway. Tafiye-tafiye uku na sa'a ta tsakiya suna gudana zuwa arewa zuwa Bay Terrace. |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM34'''</div><ref name=":1" /> |'''Glendale''' Avenue da 73rd Street<br /> |Eliot Avenue, Fresh Pond Road, Myrtle Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM35'''</div><ref name="QM1" /> |'''Glen Oaks''' Street da Union Turnpike<br /> |Union Turnpike, 73rd Avenue, Horace Harding Expressway |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM36'''</div><ref name="QM1" /> |Lake SuccessNorth Shore Towers<br /> |Union Turnpike, Hanyar Lakeville |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM40'''</div><ref name="qm10" /> |Rego Park57th Avenue da Junction Boulevard (ƙarshe) 63rd Road da 98th Place (na farko da aka ɗauka) <br /><br /> |Hanyar 63rd, 57th Avenue |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM42'''</div><ref name="qm12" /> |Gidajen Forest HillsCrescent (ƙarshe) Metropolitan Avenue da 71st Road (na farko da aka ɗauka) <br /><br /> |Yellowstone Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM44'''</div><ref name=":0" /> |'''Electchester''' Street da Horace Harding Expressway<br /> |Hanyar Jewel |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM63'''</div> | rowspan="3" |Gabashin MidtownEast 23rd Street da 1st Avenue<br /> ! rowspan="5" |<div style="line-height:1.05em;"><span style="font-size:140%;">←</span><br /><small>AM</small> ----<span style="font-size:140%;">→</span><br /><small>PM</small></div> |'''Rosedale''' Avenue da 253rd Street<br /> | rowspan="4" | * Gabas ta 23rd Street * Madison Avenue (tafiye) * Hanya ta Biyar (mai shigowa) * Gabas ta 57th Street * Hanya ta Uku (mai shigowa) |Linden Boulevard, Merrick Boulevard da Francis Lewis Boulevard |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM64'''</div> |'''Cambria Heights''' Boulevard da 235th Street<br /> |Liberty Avenue, Farmers Boulevard, Linden Boulevard |- | rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM68'''</div> | rowspan="2" |Floral ParkHillside Avenue da 267th Street<br /> | rowspan="2" |Hanyar Hillside |- |Gabashin MidtownEast 57th Street da 3rd Avenue<br /> |- | align="center" valign="top" style="background:white; color:black" |<div>'''QM65'''</div> |DowntownFrankfort Street da Pearl Street (ƙarshe) Pearl Street da Peck Slip (na farko) <br /><br /> |'''Laurelton''' Street da Merrick Boulevard<br /> | |Linden Boulevard, Guy R. Brewer Boulevard da Baisely Boulevard. Bedell Street, Farmers Boulevard |- |} === Tarihi da bayanin kula === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Routes !History |- !QM1<br /><br />QM31 | * Operates during rush hours only, off peak service available via QM5 * Began service on February 26, 1968; * Operated by Steinway Transit 1968-1985, Queens/Steinway Transit Corp. 1985-1988,<ref name="NYTimes-QM1Start-Feb1968" /> and Queens Surface Corporation from 1998-2005<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=1995 |title=1995 New York City Express Bus Map |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbGV3aXM1MTF8Z3g6M2UzZTEzY2M1NmFhMmUzMg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521021853/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbGV3aXM1MTF8Z3g6M2UzZTEzY2M1NmFhMmUzMg |archive-date=May 21, 2020 |access-date=August 7, 2018 |publisher=New York City Department of Transportation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbGV3aXM1MTF8Z3g6M2UzZTEzY2M1NmFhMmUzMg "1995 New York City Express Bus Map"]. New York City Department of Transportation. 1995. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200521021853/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbGV3aXM1MTF8Z3g6M2UzZTEzY2M1NmFhMmUzMg Archived] from the original on May 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> * Downtown trips re-designated QM7 in June 2010 * Off-peak service discontinued on in December 2015 * Third Avenue service re-labeled QM31 in September 2016 |- !QM2<br /><br />QM32 | * Began service on June 9, 1969. * Operated by Queens Transit from 1969-1988<ref name="qm2" /> and Queens Surface Corporation 1988-2005<ref name=":4" /> * Weekend service via Mitchell Gardens began in 1994 * Weekend service rerouted to Parsons Boulevard in April 2014 * Queens-bound service rerouted to 59th Street in August 2015 * Third Avenue service re-labeled QM32 in September 2016 * QM32 service operates AM rush hours in both directions and PM rush hours eastbound only |- !QM4<br /><br />QM44 | * Operated by Queens Transit 1971-1988 and Queens Surface Corporation<ref name=":4" /> 1988-2005 * Third Avenue service relabeled to QM44 in July 2016 |- !QM5<br /><br />QM35 | * Bypasses Fresh Meadows during rush hours in the peak direction * Operated by Steinway Transit 1968-1985, Queens/Steinway Transit Corp. 1985-1988, and Queens Surface Corporation 1988-2005<ref name=":4" /> * Formerly part of the QM1A, re-designated June 2010<ref name="MTA-NEQnsBusStudy-Sept2015">{{Cite web |date=September 2015 |title=Northeast Queens Bus Study |url=http://www.mta.info/sites/default/files/northeast_queens_bus_study_-_final_9-28-15.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219015630/http://www.mta.info/sites/default/files/northeast_queens_bus_study_-_final_9-28-15.pdf |archive-date=December 19, 2015 |access-date=December 11, 2015 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref> * Downtown trips re-designated QM8 in June 2010<ref name="MTA-NEQnsBusStudy-Sept2015" /> * Third Avenue service relabeled QM35 in September 2016 |- !QM6<br /><br />QM36 | * Operated by Steinway Transit from 1968-1988 and Queens Surface Corporation 1988-2005<ref name=":4" /> * Formerly part of the QM1A, re-designated in June 2010<ref name="MTA-NEQnsBusStudy-Sept2015" /> * Third Avenue service relabeled QM36 in September 2016 * Overnight QM6 service began on May 6, 2020 due to the subway shutdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, making QM18 stops along Queens Boulevard as well as a pick-up at Woodhaven Boulevard & Hoffman Drive, and a drop-off at Queens Boulevard & Woodhaven Boulevard. * Overnight service discontinued on June 28, 2020 due to low ridership. |- !QM7<br /><br />QM8 | * QM7 operates from Fresh Meadows, QM8 operates from Glen Oaks and bypasses Fresh Meadows * QM8 AM "Super Express" service serves Fresh Meadows * Operated by Steinway Transit 1978-1988, Caravan Transit 1988-1990, and Queens Surface Corporation 1990-2005<ref name=":4" /> * Formerly part of the QM1/QM1A, re-designated in June 2010<ref name="MTA-NEQnsBusStudy-Sept2015" /> |- !QM10<br /><br />QM11<br /><br />QM40 | * Formerly operated by Triboro Coach<ref name=":4" /> * Downtown service relabeled QM11 in 1971 * Third Avenue service relabeled QM40 in September 2016 |- !QM12<br /><br />QM42 | * Formerly operated by Triboro Coach<ref name=":4" /> * Stops east of 71st Avenue in Forest Hills discontinued in January 2011 * Elmhurst stops added and route rerouted to Woodhaven Boulevard in July 2016 * Midday service reduced from Summer 2010 to Winter 2012 * Third Avenue service relabeled QM42 in September 2016 |- !QM15 | * Operates via Lindenwood between Howard Beach and Ozone Park via 157th Avenue * Off-peak service terminates at 157th Avenue and 92nd Street * No Sunday service * Nicknamed "Shopper's Special"<ref name="LeaderObs-QM15-June1979" /><ref name="Glendale-QM16-Ap1971" /> * Began service under Green Lines in 1970 * Saturday service added July 1979 * With the discontinuation of the JFK Express on April 15, 1990, which was also used by residents of Howard Beach to commute into Manhattan, service was extended from 157th Avenue and 84th Street to 159th Avenue and 102nd Street. A new stop was also added at 157th Avenue and Cross Bay Boulevard. The change was made at the request of Queens Borough President Claire Shulman. * Temporarily extended to Arverne from January 6, 2025 for the Rockaway Line rehabilitation project.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2, 2025 |title=Service changes on the A line and Rockaway Park Shuttle in 2025 |url=https://new.mta.info/article/service-changes-line-and-rockaway-park-shuttle-2025 |access-date=January 6, 2025 |website=MTA |language=en}}</ref> Extension was extended until March 2026 due to community organization for a pilot project.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-22 |title=Rockaway Express Bus Service to Stay—for Now |url=https://www.amny.com/news/queens-rockaway-express-bus-service/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=www.amny.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Free Saturday QM15 shuttle service runs between Arverne and Lindenwood on Saturdays from 8:30 AM to 1:30 PM. |- !QM16<br /><br />QM17 | * Formerly operated by Green Lines * QM16 service began April 12, 1971, QM17 service began December 20, 1976 * Stops north of 157th Avenue in Howard Beach eliminated in July 2006<ref name="NYCDOT-Bus-APPB">{{Cite web |title=Appendix B: Route Profiles |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/appb.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108201313/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/appb.pdf |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |access-date=November 8, 2015 |website=[[Government of New York City|nyc.gov]] |publisher=[[New York City Department of Transportation]]}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes-QM17-1999">{{Cite web |last=Weir |first=Richard |date=May 2, 1999 |title=NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: FAR ROCKAWAY; Express Bus? Not by a Long Stretch, Riders Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/02/nyregion/neighborhood-report-far-rockaway-express-bus-not-by-a-long-stretch-riders-say.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119230216/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/02/nyregion/neighborhood-report-far-rockaway-express-bus-not-by-a-long-stretch-riders-say.html |archive-date=January 19, 2016 |access-date=October 16, 2015 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Rockawave-QM16-QM17-HwdBch-2006">{{Cite web |date=August 11, 2006 |title=Fewer Stops On MTA Rockaway Express Buses |url=http://www.rockawave.com/news/2006-08-11/Community/027.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016052130/http://www.rockawave.com/news/2006-08-11/Community/027.html |archive-date=October 16, 2015 |access-date=October 16, 2015 |publisher=[[The Wave of Long Island]]}}</ref> * QM16 extended from Rockaway Park to Neponsit on September 4, 2007,<ref name="QnsCourier-QM16-April2011">{{Cite web |last=Queens Courier Staff |date=April 19, 2011 |title=NEWS BRIEFS |url=http://queenscourier.com/news-briefs-2643/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007151409/http://queenscourier.com/news-briefs-2643/ |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |access-date=October 6, 2015 |publisher=Queens Courier}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenberg |first=Miriam |date=August 24, 2007 |title=Extended Route For QM16 Bus Announced |url=http://www.rockawave.com/news/2007-08-24/community/027.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007053617/http://www.rockawave.com/news/2007-08-24/community/027.html |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |access-date=October 6, 2015 |publisher=[[Wave of Long Island]]}}</ref><ref name="MTA-QM16-Roxbury-Ap2011" /> then Roxbury at Fort Tilden on April 18, 2011,<ref name="QnsCourier-QM16-April2011" /><ref name="QM16-QM17-Spring 2011">{{Cite web |date=Spring 2011 |title=Bus Timetable: QM16/QM1& Spring 2011 |url=http://www.arvernebythesea.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/qm16cur.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016051448/http://www.arvernebythesea.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/qm16cur.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2015 |access-date=October 16, 2015 |website=[[Arverne by the Sea|arvernebythesea.com]] |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref> then truncated to Jacob Riis Park in December 2011 to accommodate customer parking<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Ellen |date=December 16, 2011 |title=Move QM 16 Back |url=http://www.rockawave.com/news/2011-12-16/Letters/Move_QM_16_Back.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007052448/http://www.rockawave.com/news/2011-12-16/Letters/Move_QM_16_Back.html |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |access-date=October 6, 2015 |publisher=[[Wave of Long Island]]}}</ref> * QM17 overnight service began on May 6, as a result of the subway shutdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, operating in both directions; discontinued on June 28, 2020 due to low ridership. * QM17 overnight service made daytime QM15 stops along Cross Bay Boulevard & Woodhaven Boulevard |- !QM18 | * Began service under Green Bus Lines around 1975 * On July 8, 1986, Community Board 9 formally recommended extending the route from Liberty Avenue to 150th Avenue in South Ozone Park. The Board had denied the request by Green Bus Lines on February 18 because some of its members feared that the additional riders using the route would overcrowd the buses. The Board only approved the change after the company added new buses to the route. The change was made so that passengers traveling by bus from 150th Avenue to Manhattan would not have to pay two fares. * Extended along 135th Avenue in Spring 2008 |- !QM20 | * No weekend service * Began service on July 7, 1970, originally operated on QM2 route north/west of Utopia Parkway * Operated by Queens Transit 1970-1988, Queens Surface Corporation 1988-2005<ref name=":4" /> * Queens-bound service rerouted to 59th Street in August 2015 * Renumbered from QM2A in September 2011 |- !QM21 | * Formerly operated by Jamaica Buses<ref name=":4" /> * Began service June 21, 1971. |- !QM24<br /><br />QM25<br /><br />QM34 | * Began service June 6, 1988 * Formerly operated by Triboro Coach<ref name=":4" /> * Rerouted to Sixth Avenue in Spring 2011 * Downtown service relabeled from QM24W to QM25 in June 2010 * Third Avenue service relabeled QM34 in July 2016 |- !QM63 | * Began service October 18, 1971 as Q20X<ref name="NYTimes-X20-X24-1971">{{Cite web |last=Shipler |first=David K. |date=October 3, 1971 |title=New Queens Buses To Run to Manhattan |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1971/10/03/85174440.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226112805/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1971/10/03/85174440.html?pdf_redirect=true&site=false |archive-date=February 26, 2024 |access-date=October 17, 2015 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> * Renumbered to X20 in 1976<ref name="NYTimes-X20-X24-1971" /> and to current number on April 15, 1990. * Prefix changed to QM on June 30, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: QM63 Express |url=https://www.mta.info/project/queens-bus-network-redesign/routes/qm63-express |access-date=28 June 2025 |publisher=MTA}}</ref> |- !QM64 | * Began service October 18, 1971 as Q24X<ref name="NYTimes-X20-X24-1971" /><ref name="NYAmsterdam-Q20X-Oct1971" /> * Renumbered to X24 in 1976<ref name="NYTimes-X20-X24-1971" /> and current number on April 15, 1990.<ref name=":3" /> * Prefix changed to QM on June 30, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: QM64 Express |url=https://www.mta.info/project/queens-bus-network-redesign/routes/qm63-express |access-date=28 June 2025 |publisher=MTA}}</ref> |- !QM65 | * Began service on June 30, 2025. * Route was heavily requested by residents of Laurelton since the 1970s. |- !QM68 | * Began service on August 2, 1971 as the Q18X, the first NYCT express service between Queens and Manhattan.<ref name="NYCTA">{{Cite web |title=New York City Transit&nbsp;— History and Chronology |url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffhist.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108233754/http://www.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffhist.htm |archive-date=January 8, 2014 |access-date=July 15, 2016 |publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]}}</ref> Service initially ran between Hillside Avenue and 267th Street and 23rd Street and Broadway. Buses would run every 15 minutes between 7 a.m. and 7:45&nbsp;a.m. from Queens, and every 15 minutes from 24th Street and Madison Avenue in the evening between 4:30&nbsp;p.m. and 5:15&nbsp;p.m.. Buses would run express along Queens Boulevard and the Queensboro Bridge. * Renumbered to X18 in 1976 and current number on April 15, 1990.<ref name=":3" /> * Some AM peak trips terminate at East 57th Street and 3rd Avenue, operating via Madison Avenue * Overnight service began on May 6, 2020 due to the overnight subway shutdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; discontinued on June 28, 2020 due to low ridership. * On September 30, 2024, the last stop for Floral Park-bound service was moved from 268th Street to 267th Street.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2024 |title=Q43 and X68 terminal stops will be relocated to Hillside Ave near 267th St Beginning Mon, Sep 30th, 2024 |url=https://files.mta.info/s3fs-public/2024-09/%E2%80%8CQ43%E2%80%8C%20and%20%E2%80%8CX68%E2%80%8C%20terminal%20stops%20will%20be%20relocated%20to%20Hillside%20Ave%20near%20267th%20St.png |access-date=September 29, 2024 |website=mta.info |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}</ref> * Prefix changed to QM on June 30, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Draft Plan: QM68 Express |url=https://www.mta.info/project/queens-bus-network-redesign/routes/qm63-express |access-date=28 June 2025 |publisher=MTA}}</ref> |} sacokq5x8qz9a0hrggepiy83g4oxed5 0 122064 887978 742511 2026-07-27T06:31:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887978 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamus na Larabci'''–Turanci ƙamus ne na Larabci–Turanci wanda Edward William Lane ya tattara (ya mutu a shekara ta 1876), An buga shi a cikin juzu'i takwas a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 19. Ya ƙunshi kalmomin Larabci da aka siffanta da bayaninsu a cikin harshen Ingilishi. Amma Lane ba ya amfani da nasa ilimin Larabci don ba da ma'anar kalmomin. Madadin haka, an ɗauko ma'anar ne daga tsofaffin ƙamus na Larabci, musamman ƙamus na Larabci na tsakiya. Lane yana fassara waɗannan ma'anoni zuwa Turanci, kuma ya lura a hankali waɗanne ƙamus ne ke ba da ma'anar. == Tarihi == A cikin 1842, Lane, wanda ya riga ya yi suna a matsayin Balarabe don ''Halayensa da Kwastam na Masarawa na Zamani'' da sigarsa ta ''Dare Dubu da Daya'', ya sami tallafi daga Ubangiji Prudhoe, daga baya Duke na Northumberland, don haɗa ƙamus na Larabci-Turanci. Lane ya fara aiki a lokaci ɗaya, inda ya yi balaguron sa na uku zuwa [[Kairo|Alkahira]] don tattara kayayyaki a cikin wannan shekarar. Tun da malaman musulmin da ke wurin sun ƙi ba da rancen rubuce-rubuce zuwa Lane, an ba da izinin samun kayan ga Ibrahim Al-Dasuqi (1811-1883), wanda ya kammala [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar|Azhar]] kuma malami a Boulaq . Domin tattarawa da tattara kayan, Lane ya zauna a Alkahira na tsawon shekaru bakwai, yana aiki tukuru ba tare da ɗan hutu da nishaɗi ba. Samun kayan, wanda ya ɗauki shekaru 13, ya kasance a hannun Al-Dasuqi lokacin da Lane ya koma Ingila a 1849. Komawa Ingila, Lane ya ci gaba da yin aikin ƙamus da ƙwazo, yana gunaguni cewa ya saba da la’akari da rubutun rubutunsa na Larabci har rubutun Yamma ya lumshe idanunsa. Ya isa harafin Qāf, harafi na 21 na haruffan larabci, a lokacin da ya rasu a shekara ta 1876. Kamus na Lane ya dogara ne akan ƙamus na Larabci na zamani tare da ƙamus ''Taj al-ʿArus'' ("Crown of the Bride") na al-Zabidi wanda aka kammala a farkon ƙarni na 19. Gabaɗaya, an ambaci tushen ƙamus 112 a cikin aikin. An tsara ƙamus ɗin don ya ƙunshi "Littattafai" ko Rarraba biyu: ɗaya don na gama-gari, kalmomi na gargajiya, wani na waɗanda ba kasafai ba. An buga juzu'i na I na Rukunin Farko a 1863; Juzu'i na II a 1865; Juzu'i na III a 1867; Juzu'i na IV da na V a cikin 1872. Jimlar shafuka 2,219 Lane da kansa ya karanta. Babban-dan Lane Stanley Lane-Poole ya buga Juzu'i na VI, VII da na VIII daga 1877 zuwa 1893 ta amfani da bayanan Lane da bai cika ba. Wadancan kundin na baya suna da zayyana kuma cike da gibi. Gabaɗaya, Rukunin Farko ya ƙunshi shafuka 3,064. Babu wani abu da ya fito daga cikin shiri na biyu na shirin. Don haka ba a taba kammala aikin ba. A cewar Manfred Ullmann, ƙamus na Lane ba shi da inganci sosai, kamar yadda ya bayyana:<blockquote>Lexicon Larabci-Turanci [sc. na E. Lane] aiki ne na wani kwararre kuma masani mai zaman kansa, wanda ba shi da wani ilimin adabin Larabci da ya kamata a ambata. ... Lane a fili bai taɓa karanta dīwan (tarin) na kowane mawaƙi ba, ko wani aikin larabci ban da Larabawa. … Aikin… yana tsayawa da harafin qāf. Amma ko da kundin da ya ƙunshi haruffa alif zuwa fāʾ ba su cika ba, tun da Lane ya bar tushen da kalmomi da ba a saba gani ba, waɗanda ya shirya bayarwa a cikin 'ɓangare na biyu', waɗanda ba su taɓa fitowa ba. … A ƙarshe, Lexicon na Lane shine kawai ‌Tāǧ al-'arūs da aka fassara zuwa Turanci. … Kawai ya kwafi daidai - amma ba tare da wani fahimi mai mahimmanci ba - kayan da aka samo a cikin ƙamus na Larabci; ya bar gina nahawu na fi’ili; kuma ya kasa bayar da nassoshi ga tushen adabi. Wannan yana nufin ƙamus na Lane yana nuna babban mataki na baya idan aka kwatanta da ayyukan magabata [sc. irin su Golius da Freytag].</blockquote>Ayyukan Lane suna mai da hankali kan ƙamus na gargajiya, don haka daga baya malamai suka ga ya zama dole a tattara abubuwan da suka dace ga aikin don amfani da su bayan zamani, kamar ''Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes'' (1881; 2nd ed., 1927) na Balarabe na Dutch Reinhart Dozy ; Har ila yau, ''Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache'', wanda aka buga daga 1970 zuwa gaba ta Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, ya fara daga Kāf, don haka yana ƙara aikin Lane a cikin sakamako. == Bugawa == * [https://lexicon.quranic-research.net/ Digitization a quranic-research.net]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [[iarchive:ArabicEnglishLexicon.CopiousEasternSources.EnlargedSuppl.Kamoos.Lane.Poole.1863|''Larabci &#x2013; Turanci Lexicon'' : Za a iya saukewa cikin juzu’i takwas]] – lokacin da aka zazzage shi a cikin tsarin fayil na DjVu, ana iya bincika rubutun Ingilishi, rubutun Larabci ba shi da bincike. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150408021742/http://www.tyndalearchive.com/tabs/lane/ ''Larabci &#x2013; Lexicon Turanci'' : Tushen kalmomi ana samun damar kan layi ta jerin abubuwan da ake dannawa] * 1992. Cambridge, UK: Islamic Texts Society. 2 juzu'i. . * 1980/1997. Beirut, Lebanon: Librairie du Liban. juzu'i 8. * 2003. New Delhi, Indiya: Ayyukan Ilimin Asiya. juzu'i 8. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/81-206-0107-6|<bdi>81-206-0107-6</bdi>]] . * 2004. AramediA. CD-ROM. ASIN 3908153557. * Shekarar da ba a sani ba. Lahore, Pakistan: Suhail Academy. 2 juzu'i (sake buga ITS ed.). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-969-519-049-4|<bdi>978-969-519-049-4</bdi>]] . * 2015. Qum, Iran: Entekhab, 1436 AH/ 1394 Sh/ 2015. juzu'i 4. (Tare da gabatarwa guda biyu cikin Ingilishi da Farisa na masanin ilimi, malami, kuma mai fassara na Iran na wannan zamani, Dr. Muhammad-Reza Fakhr-Rohani). == Manazarta == <ref>Arberry, 109; Irwin, 165</ref>{{Reflist|2}} kfzepgjifhck55e8s9x44kgy6ma4sby 0 122733 888015 787561 2026-07-27T09:12:55Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kashe bas din Dharmapuri''' ya faru ne a ranar 2 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2000 a Ilakiyampatti, a gefen Dharmapuri a [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Indiya]]. Dalibai uku daga Jami'ar Aikin Gona ta Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore (TNAU) an ƙone su a cikin bas din da jami'an AIADMK suka yi bayan da kotun ta musamman ta yanke wa Jayalalithaa hukunci game da shari'ar Kodaikanal Pleasant Stay Hotel.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Rajasekaran |first=Ilangovan |date=13 November 2019 |title=Premature release of all Melavalavu murder convicts sparks outrage in Tamil Nadu |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article29963867.ece |access-date=2020-04-29 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref> Bayan wannan lamarin sai Babban Minista M. Karunanidhi ya ba da umarnin binciken CB-CID, kuma Jayalalithaa ya bukaci binciken CBI don tabbatar da shari'ar adalci. An yanke wa maza uku - Muniappan, Nedunchezhian, da Ravindran - hukuncin kisa, kuma [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli ta Indiya]] ta fara tabbatar da hukuncin su. Daga baya aka sauya hukuncin su zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai, duk da haka, ta wurin benci mai mambobi uku wanda Mai Shari'a Ranjan Gogoi ke jagoranta bayan sake dubawa. Kotun Gundumar Salem ta ce an aikata laifin "kawai don aikin siyasa".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2007 |title=Death for 3 AIADMK men in Dharmapuri bus burning case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Death-for-3-AIADMK-men-in-Dharmapuri-bus-burning-case/article14721821.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Kodayake lauyan tsaro L. Nageswara Rao ya yarda cewa masu laifin uku sun ɗauki man fetur daga wani bita, sun ƙone bas ɗin kuma sun kashe ɗaliban, suna "a cikin halin tashin hankali" kuma karewarsa ya dogara ne akan rage alhakin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=S. |first=Vijay Kumar |date=20 November 2018 |title=Dharmapuri bus burning case T.N governor explains why he agreed to set free life convicts |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/dharmapuri-bus-burning-case-tn-governor-explains-why-he-agreed-to-set-free-life-convicts/article25548499.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Suchitra Vijayan |date=15 July 2016 |title=Wait, Murderous Bus-Burning AIADMK Members Were 'Victims' Of Mob-Think? The Apex Court Thinks So |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/suchitra-vijayan/dharmapuri-bus-burning-a-_b_9556544.html |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=K M Vijayan |date=23 March 2016 |title=SC ruling on Dharmapuri bus burning a misinterpretation |url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tracking-indian-communities/sc-ruling-on-dharmapuri-bus-burning-a-misinterpretation/ |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="diminished">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=SC commutes death penalty of Dharmapuri bus burning convicts to life |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/SC-commutes-death-penalty-of-Dharmapuri-bus-burning-convicts-to-life/article14149682.ece |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Gwamnati ta ba da shawarar sakin su; Gwamna Banwarilal Purohit ya mayar da fayilolin su ga gwamnatin jihar don sake la'akari da sakin su da wuri kuma amma ta sake aikawa da shi kuma an saki dukkan mambobin daga gidan yarin Vellore a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2007 |title=Death for 3 AIADMK men in Dharmapuri bus burning case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Death-for-3-AIADMK-men-in-Dharmapuri-bus-burning-case/article14721821.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Rajasekaran |first=Ilangovan |date=13 November 2019 |title=Premature release of all Melavalavu murder convicts sparks outrage in Tamil Nadu |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article29963867.ece |access-date=2020-04-29 |website=Frontline |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRajasekaran2019">Rajasekaran, Ilangovan (13 November 2019). </cite></ref> == Tarihi == Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta hau mulki a Tamil Nadu a shekara ta 1996, jam'iyyar Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) ta gabatar da jerin shari'o'in cin hanci da rashawa a kan tsohon Babban Minista da babban sakataren AIADMK Jayalalithaa da sauran ministoci da ma'aikatan gwamnati a cikin gwamnatinta. A cikin shari'ar otal din Pleasant Stay, hukuncin kotun na musamman na Mai Shari'a V. Radhakrishnan ya yanke wa Jayalalithaa hukunci kuma ya yanke mata hukuncin shekara guda na "kotu mai tsanani". Hukuncin ya haifar da zanga-zangar jihar da tashin hankali, gami da lalacewar dukiyar jama'a da mambobin AIADMK suka yi. Masu zanga-zangar a Elakiyampatti, Dharmapuri sun jagoranci Sakataren Tarayyar AIADMK Dharmapuri D. K. Rajendran da sauran ma'aikatan jam'iyyar AIADMMK, ciki har da tsohon sakataren Dharmapuri Nedu (Nedunchezhiyan), ma'aikacin MGR Forum Madhu (Ravindran), da tsohon shugaban panchayat P. Muniappan . <ref name="amma">{{Cite web |last=Sanjay K Singh |date=7 September 2010 |title=SC upholds death for Amma's boys 3 AIADMK Workers Who Burnt Alive College Girls During Protest Against Jaya's Conviction Join Death Row |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_ETNEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=ETM/2010/08/31&ID=Ar00300 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123404/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_ETNEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=ETM/2010/08/31&ID=Ar00300 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> == Ƙonewa == Ɗalibai saba'in daga Jami'ar Aikin Gona ta Tamil Nadu, da suka dawo daga yawon shakatawa na karatu, an raba su da jinsi a cikin bas biyu. A lokacin tafiyarsu, sun koyi game da hukuncin Jayalalithaa a cikin shari'ar otal din Pleasant Stay. Latha (malami da ke tare da ɗalibai) ya kira mataimakin shugaban TNAU, wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa su je wani wuri mai aminci kuma su koma Coimbatore lokacin da ya fi aminci. [[Sun TV (Indiya)|Sun TV]] ƙoƙari su tuka zuwa ofishin mai karɓar gundumar, amma ba su iya isa gare ta ba saboda toshewar zirga-zirga.<ref name="amma">{{Cite web |last=Sanjay K Singh |date=7 September 2010 |title=SC upholds death for Amma's boys 3 AIADMK Workers Who Burnt Alive College Girls During Protest Against Jaya's Conviction Join Death Row |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_ETNEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=ETM/2010/08/31&ID=Ar00300 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123404/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_ETNEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=ETM/2010/08/31&ID=Ar00300 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSanjay_K_Singh2010">Sanjay K Singh (7 September 2010). </cite></ref><ref name="Firstaccused">{{Cite web |date=29 April 2000 |title=AIADMK members among 31 chargesheeted |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2000/04/29/stories/04292233.htm |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Ma'aikatan jam'iyyar sun jefa bama-bamai na man fetur a cikin bas ɗin da ke dauke da daliban mata 44 da malamai biyu.<ref name="lava">{{Cite web |last=J Venkatesan |date=4 March 2016 |title=Was upset with Jaya conviction, plead 3 AIADMK men on death row for burning bus |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/040316/was-upset-with-jaya-conviction-plead-3-aiadmk-men-on-death-row-for-burning-bus.html |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Gaban bas din ya kama wuta, kuma harshen wuta ya bazu baya. Tun da yake an kulle kofar baya ta bas kuma ba a sami makullin ba, malamai Latha, Akila, da ɗalibai da yawa sun bar ɗayan bas ɗin kuma sun fashe ta ƙofar baya don fitar da ɗalibai. Dalibai mata uku (Hemalatha daga [[Chennai]], V. Gayathri daga Virudhachalam da Kokilavani daga Namakkal) an ƙone su har suka mutu, kuma wasu 16 sun ji rauni. An watsa fashewar bas din washegari a gidan talabijin na Sun. == Sakamakon haka == A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2001, duk shaidu goma sha ɗaya sun zama masu adawa yayin jarrabawar a Krishnagiri.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite web |last=D. |first=Sivarajan |date=6 November 2001 |title=10 more witnesses turn hostile in bus burning case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/11/07/stories/04072234.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020307150557/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/11/07/stories/04072234.htm |archive-date=7 March 2002 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Shaidu sun hada da direbobi uku na Kamfanin Sufuri na Jihar Tamil Nadu da mutanen da ke aiki a ciki, ko mallakar, cibiyoyin da ke kusa da wurin da lamarin ya faru. Direbobin Saleem Basha na bas din Coimbatore-Hosur da Kamaraj sun musanta maganganun farko da aka yi wa CB-CID cewa za su iya gano mutanen da ke da hannu; sun tuka bas waɗanda suka lalace a wannan rana a Erapatti da kusa da haikalin Patchaiamman, bi da bi.<ref name="thehindu.com" /> Wutar ta fusata al'ummar dalibai. An nemi makarantu da kwalejoji su rufe na mako guda, kuma ɗalibai a duk faɗin jihar sun gudanar da zanga-zangar zanga-zambe da ke Allah wadai da aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2007 |title=Death for 3 AIADMK men in Dharmapuri bus burning case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Death-for-3-AIADMK-men-in-Dharmapuri-bus-burning-case/article14721821.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Babban Minista M. Karunanidhi ya ba da umarnin binciken CB-CID, kuma Jayalalithaa ya bukaci binciken CBI don tabbatar da shari'a mai adalci. A lokacin shari'ar farko a Kotun Krishnagiri, shaidu 20 sun zama masu adawa. N. P. Veerasamy, mahaifin Kokilavani, ya yi kira ga Babban Kotun Madras don canza wurin; AIADMK ta koma mulki a Tamil Nadu, jam'iyyar ta nada mai gabatar da kara, kuma wadanda ake tuhuma ma'aikatan AIADMk ne da masu fafutuka na jam'iyya. Babban kotun ta dakatar da shari'ar; Alkalin V. Kanagaraj ya kira shi "babban gazawar ido da wanke ido", kuma ya ba da umarnin sake shari'a a Kotun Salem.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S. |first=Vijay Kumar |date=20 November 2018 |title=Dharmapuri bus burning case T.N governor explains why he agreed to set free life convicts |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/dharmapuri-bus-burning-case-tn-governor-explains-why-he-agreed-to-set-free-life-convicts/article25548499.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Suchitra Vijayan |date=15 July 2016 |title=Wait, Murderous Bus-Burning AIADMK Members Were 'Victims' Of Mob-Think? The Apex Court Thinks So |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/suchitra-vijayan/dharmapuri-bus-burning-a-_b_9556544.html |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=Huffington Post}}</ref> Bayan jerin jinkiri wajen nada mai gabatar da kara na musamman da matsaloli tare da shari'ar da ta ɓace, shari'ar ta ci gaba.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 March 2016 |title=Dharmapuri bus burning: SC commutes death sentence to life imprisonment |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/dharmapuri-bus-burning-sc-commutes-death-sentence-to-life-imprisonment-116031100989_1.html |accessdate=11 March 2016 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=K M Vijayan |date=23 March 2016 |title=SC ruling on Dharmapuri bus burning a misinterpretation |url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tracking-indian-communities/sc-ruling-on-dharmapuri-bus-burning-a-misinterpretation/ |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Shekaru bakwai bayan konewa, a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2007, kotun Salem ta yanke wa mambobin AIADMK uku hukuncin kisa da wasu 25 zuwa shekaru bakwai a kurkuku. An wanke wasu biyu, kuma daya ya mutu yayin binciken. Hukuncin (ciki har da hukuncin kisa guda uku) Babban Kotun Madras ta amince da shi a ranar 6 ga Disamba 2007, da Kotun Koli a ranar 30 ga Agusta 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2007 |title=Death for 3 AIADMK men in Dharmapuri bus burning case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Death-for-3-AIADMK-men-in-Dharmapuri-bus-burning-case/article14721821.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 October 2019 |website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2011 |title=Dharmapuri bus burning: SC stays execution of 3 |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/dharmapuri-bus-burning-sc-stays-execution-of-3_683561.html |access-date=7 January 2013 |publisher=Zee news}}</ref> Koyaya, an sauya hukuncin zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai bayan lauyoyin kare L. Nageswara Rao da Sushil Kumar sun ce 'yan zanga-zangar AIADMK kawai suna da niyyar lalata bas, ba kashewa ba; sun yi aiki da gangan. [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli ta Indiya]] ta amince da hujjojin su na rage alhakin.<ref name="lava">{{Cite web |last=J Venkatesan |date=4 March 2016 |title=Was upset with Jaya conviction, plead 3 AIADMK men on death row for burning bus |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/040316/was-upset-with-jaya-conviction-plead-3-aiadmk-men-on-death-row-for-burning-bus.html |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJ_Venkatesan2016">J Venkatesan (4 March 2016). </cite></ref><ref name="diminished">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=SC commutes death penalty of Dharmapuri bus burning convicts to life |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/SC-commutes-death-penalty-of-Dharmapuri-bus-burning-convicts-to-life/article14149682.ece |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=The Hindu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/SC-commutes-death-penalty-of-Dharmapuri-bus-burning-convicts-to-life/article14149682.ece "SC commutes death penalty of Dharmapuri bus burning convicts to life"]. </cite></ref> An koyi cewa shugaban Dharmapuri AIADMK D. K. Rajendran, wanda ake zargi na farko a cikin shari'ar da ta shirya zanga-zangar hanya (tare da hukuncin shekaru bakwai wanda aka rage zuwa shekaru biyu), ya rike mukamai hudu a cikin ƙungiyar madara mai hadin gwiwa. Rajendran daga baya ya yi murabus bayan Babban Kotun Madras ta bayyana "babban baƙin ciki da rashin jin daɗi" cewa mai laifi zai iya riƙe mukamai duk da cewa an hana shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=A Subramani |date=4 November 2013 |title=First accused in Dharmapuri bus burning case quits posts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/First-accused-in-Dharmapuri-bus-burning-case-quits-posts/articleshow/25220172.cms |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="Firstaccused">{{Cite web |date=29 April 2000 |title=AIADMK members among 31 chargesheeted |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2000/04/29/stories/04292233.htm |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehindu.com/2000/04/29/stories/04292233.htm "AIADMK members among 31 chargesheeted"]. </cite></ref> An gina wani abin tunawa na dutse tare da sunayen wadanda abin ya shafa uku a gidan shakatawa na Jami'ar Aikin Gona ta Tamil Nadu; dukansu suna da shekaru 20 a lokacin mutuwarsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2007 |title=TNAU students pay homage to bus burning victims |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/TNAU-students-pay-homage-to-bus-burning-victims/article14721873.ece |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Gwamnatin Tamil Nadu da ke karkashin mulkin AIADMK ta yi ƙoƙari ta saki wadanda ake zargi uku a cikin motar da ke konewa. A cewar majiyoyin kurkuku, akalla fursunoni 1,500 za su amfana daga afuwa ta gwamnati, wanda ya hada da wadanda aka yanke musu hukunci guda uku kuma jam'iyyar ta gan shi a matsayin yunkuri. A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2018, an saki mambobin AIADMK da aka yanke musu hukunci a cikin konewar bas din.[1] Veerasamy mahaifin Kokilavani daya daga cikin 'yan mata da aka ƙone da rai ya soki sakin wadanda aka yanke musu hukunci kuma ya kira shi "Kisan Adalci".[2] == Manazarta ==   95irn2kkz9qybcmjrou3sff9e9t59sk 0 124091 887727 750347 2026-07-26T14:25:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Kwagh-hir''''' (a zahiri yana nufin ''wani abu mai sihiri'' ko ''wani abu na sihiri'' da kuma furtawa ''kwaa-hee'' ) wani nau'i ne na fasaha mai gina al'adu da yawa na [[Tiv|mutanen Tiv]] na tsakiyar [[Najeriya]] wanda ya shahara a shekarun 1960. Wasan kwaikwayo ne na jama'a mai ban mamaki wanda ke ba da labaran ɗabi'a na abubuwan da suka faru a baya da na yanzu, kuma ya haɗa da wasan yara, zane-zane, [[Waƙa|waƙoƙi]], [[kiɗa]], [[rawa]] da labarai masu rai don nuna jigogin ɗabi'unsa. [[Tiv|Mutanen Tiv]] suna amfani da shi don ƙarfafa imani na gargajiya da isar da wasu labaran duniya don ilmantarwa, zamantakewa, samar da nishaɗi na duniya da magance matsalolin zamantakewa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Kwagh Hir |url=https://raifilm.org.uk/films/kwagh-hir/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=raifilm.org.uk |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224191231/https://raifilm.org.uk/films/kwagh-hir/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="KWA">{{Cite web |title=Kwagh-Hir theatrical performance |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kwagh-hir-theatrical-performance-00683 |access-date=21 February 2020 |website=UNESCO}}</ref> {{Transl|tiv|Kwagh-hir}} wani nau'i ne na fasaha mafi girma na {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-alom}}, tsohuwar al'ada ce ta mutanen Tiv inda masu ba da labari masu kirkirar suka bi da iyalin zuwa zaman ba da labari, yawanci a farkon sa'o'i na dare bayan aikin noma na rana ta hasken wata.<ref name="KPH">{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Peggy |date=October 1997 |title=The Kwagh-hir of the People of Tiv: A Note on Dramatised History Telling and Constructions of Nature among the Tiv of Southern Nigeria |url=http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/2949 |journal=Environment and History |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=371–376 |doi=10.3197/096734097779555845 |access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> Mafi sanannun bambancin {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}} a cewar Jonathan Fogel na iya zama Punch da Judy show, wanda haruffa masu ganewa ke lalata mutane da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin labarai yayin da suke ambaton ɗabi'un al'adu.<ref name="KRB">{{Cite book|last3=}}</ref> {{Transl|tiv|Kwagh-hir}} an sanya shi a cikin [[Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity|Jerin wakilan Al'adun Al'adu na Dan Adam]] a cikin 2019 ta hanyar yanke shawara na Kwamitin Gwamnati: 14. COM 10. B.27 <ref name="KWA"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=New Book: Something Magical - The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv |url=https://www.imodara.com/magazine/new-book-something-magical/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=imodara.com}}{{Dead link}}</ref> == Asali da ci gaba == Labari ya nuna cewa, Adikpo Songo daga Akpagher; Mbatyav a cikin yankin [[Gboko]] na yanzu na [[Benue (jiha)|Jihar Benue]], Najeriya, shine wanda ya kafa {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}}. Adikpo Songu, a cikin wata hira da Iyorwuese Hagher, masanin Kwagh-hir, ya yi ƙoƙari ya tabbatar da wannan ra'ayi da shugabannin ƙungiyar kwagh-hir da sanannun dattawa a Tivland suka yi. Songu, mai goyon bayan [[United Middle Belt Congress]] (UMBC) ya bayyana cewa, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1960 a lokacin barkewar rikicin siyasa a Tivland da aka sani da Nande-Nande (tsarin konewa), inda mambobin UMBC suka tayar da gwamnatin Northern People's Congress (NPC), suna ƙone dukiyoyinsu, gami da na ma'aikatan gwamnati da shugabannin, ya tsere zuwa asibitin Kirista na Mkar, kusa da Gboko, don magani, amma a hankali, don tserewa daga kama 'yan sanda. A kan hanyarsa ta dawowa daga asibitin Kirista na Mkar, bayan ya yi tafiya kusan kilomita 12, ya isa kusa da Kogin Orkoor lokacin da ba zato ba tsammani ya ji sautin kiɗa mai ban sha'awa. Yayin da ya kusanci, yana ɓoyewa a bayan igiyoyin bamboo kuma yana kallo, ya ga taron mutane biyu. Matsayinsu ya yi daidai da jagorancin dangin biyu, Mbayion da Mbatyav. An ɗaga fararen tutar tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu waɗanda dukansu suna da ƙungiyar mawaƙa, 'yan mata masu rawa da bukukuwa a kan {{Transl|tiv|dagbera}} (dandalin). Daga nan sai ya fahimci cewa masu wasan kwaikwayon ba mutane ba ne amma {{Transl|tiv|adzov}} (ruhohi). Kungiyoyin biyu sun yi kama da shiga gasar da ta kama da al'adar ba da labari ta Tiv da aka sani da {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-alom}}, amma tare da bambanci. A wannan yanayin, maimakon mai ba da labari, mutum zai zo tsakiyar filin wasa kuma a saman muryarsa ya sanar da masu sauraro abin da suke shirin gani. Sa'an nan kuma masu wasan kwaikwayo za su shiga cikin yankin ko dai a matsayin dabbobi masu rawa ko {{Transl|tiv|adzov}}, suna rawa don jaddada halayensu. A Songu ya ce ya yi barci yana kallon wasan kwaikwayon, kuma bayan ya farka washegari, babu wani abu a kusa da shi don nuna cewa wani abu na irin wannan ya faru a wurin. Don haka ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa dole ne {{Transl|tiv|adzov}} ya zaɓe shi da gangan don manufar ba shi alhakin kawo {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}} ga mutanen Tiv, da bil'adama a cikin tsari da salon da aka ba shi damar kallo.<ref name="KWH">{{Cite book|last3=}}</ref> A Koyaya, Gowon Ama Doki ya yi gargadi cewa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}} na zamani ya haife shi ne ga Adikpo Songu daga dangin Mbatyav a yankin [[Gboko]] na [[Benue (jiha)|Jihar Benue]] lokacin da ya gudanar da masu sauraro tare da 'yan tsana da masquerades a cikin 1960. <ref name="KHI">{{Cite book|last3=}}</ref> Duk da haka, ma'anar malamai na {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}}, gami da Doki, shine kamar kowane wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, ba za a iya haɗa kwagh-ir da mutum ɗaya a matsayin mai farawa ba. Maimakon haka, halitta ce ta yawan jama'a, suna taruwa don raba abubuwan da suka faru. A cikin shekarun 1960 ne aka yi sanarwa mai ban mamaki na {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}}; hada zane-zane, kiɗa, kirkira da zane-zane don fadada kalmomin mai ba da labari a cikin nau'in gidan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="KWH"/><ref name="KHI"/><ref name="KPH"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=New Book: Something Magical - The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv |url=https://www.imodara.com/magazine/new-book-something-magical/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=imodara.com}}{{Dead link}}</ref> === Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Nyambuan === Kafin {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}}, Tiv ya ga wani wasan kwaikwayo da aka sani da ''Nyambuan'' wanda ya shahara tsakanin 1934 da 1939. ''Nyambuan'' a zahiri yana nufin ''nama ya tafi mara kyau''. Yana da taken da motsi da aka yi niyya don kawar da ''Mbatsav'' (mutanen mugunta). Ayyukan ''Nyambuan'' sun zo da tasirin zamantakewa, siyasa kuma sun nemi sake kafa tsari ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo na Cathartic da nufin kawar da auren musayar Tiv da aka sani da {{Transl|tiv|yamen-ishe}} (wanda aka fassara a matsayin darajar kasuwanci) da kuma maido da rushewar al'adu da tsarin mulkin mallaka ya ɗora wa mutanen Tiv. Ayyukan sun ɗauki nau'in biki, tare da 'yan wasan kiɗa da masu rawa waɗanda suka zama babban bangare na wasan kwaikwayon wanda ya dogara da al'ada. Akwai kamawa da yawa da kuma tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba na masu wasan ''Nyambuan''. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=New Book: Something Magical - The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv |url=https://www.imodara.com/magazine/new-book-something-magical/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=imodara.com}}{{Dead link}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Kwagh Hir |url=https://raifilm.org.uk/films/kwagh-hir/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=raifilm.org.uk |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224191231/https://raifilm.org.uk/films/kwagh-hir/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Kwagh-hir'', wanda daga baya ya fito kuma ana yin sa a yau, ya rage jaddada tattaunawa saboda zalunci da aka yi wa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na ''Nyambuan'' ta hanyar hadin gwiwar masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=New Book: Something Magical - The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv |url=https://www.imodara.com/magazine/new-book-something-magical/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=imodara.com}}{{Dead link}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Kwagh Hir |url=https://raifilm.org.uk/films/kwagh-hir/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=raifilm.org.uk |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224191231/https://raifilm.org.uk/films/kwagh-hir/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsarin tsari == Ƙungiyar {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}} ko taron yana da fannoni da yawa a cikin tsarinta na tsari. Ya ƙunshi ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa na membobi waɗanda duk suna da matsayi daban-daban da za su taka. A cewar Iyorwuese Hagher, ƙungiyar {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}} ta yau da kullun an raba ta zuwa huɗu: gudanarwa; masu yin wasan kwaikwayo; mawaƙa da masu sassaka (masu sassaka). <ref name="TKT">{{Cite book|last3=}}</ref> B === Gudanarwa === An gano matsayi da yawa a cikin ƙungiyar {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}} da ta shafi maza, mata da matasa. * ''Ter kwagh-hir'' (shugaban) - Yana ba da ainihi ga rukuni kuma yana tabbatar da jituwa tsakanin rukuni. * ''Orkyon'' (shugaban kwamitin gudanar da rukuni na {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}}) - Yawancin lokaci memba ne mai arziki na al'umma wanda ke ba da albarkatu don jin daɗin rukuni * ''Ordondon'' (shugaban kwamitin gudanar da rukuni na {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}}) - Yana taimakawa {{Transl|tiv|orkyon}} a cikin walwalar rukuni. * ''Orngeren'' (sakatare) - Yana kiran tarurruka kuma yana gabatar da ajanda. Har ila yau, ya fitar da sanarwa daga gudanarwa zuwa membobin * ''Ikpanyar'' (mai ba da kuɗi) - Yana da alhakin duk kuɗin da ke tarawa ga ƙungiyar kuma yana ba da kuɗi iri ɗaya daidai. * ''Tor Kwagh-hir'' (darakta na fasaha) - Shugaban ƙungiyar gudanarwa. Yana daidaita dukkan ƙungiyar kuma yana kula da jin dadin su. * ''Torkwase'' (shugaban mata) - Yana kallon jin daɗin mata masu zane-zane da buƙatu yayin wasan kwaikwayo. Har ila yau, yana kula da wasan kwaikwayo na dukan mata suna rawa kuma yana koya musu waƙoƙi. * ''Dugeri'' (mai kariya) - Yana tabbatar da horo da warware ƙananan rikice-rikice tsakanin mambobi. * ''Tor Ikyo'' (mai tsaron gandun daji) - Shugabannin da jagororin masu zane-zane a cikin gandun daji. * ''Agum-a-ior'' (matasa) - Yana tabbatar da amincin baƙi, kiyaye abubuwa da kuma karfafa masu wasan kwaikwayo yayin samarwa. === Masu wasan kwaikwayo === [[Fayil:A_kwagh-hir_character.jpg|thumb|Halin kwagh-hir yana aiki a lokacin Carnival na Matasa na Benue]] [[Fayil:A_kwagh-hir_performance.jpg|thumb|Ayyukan kwagh-hir a lokacin Benue Youth Carnival a Makurdi .]] Akwai 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da dama a cikin ƙungiyar {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}} kuma rawar da suke takawa ta dogara ne akan labarin da suke son nunawa. Duk da haka, jerin da ke ƙasa yana nuna 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da ake samu a kusan kowace ƙungiyar {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}} da ke wanzuwa. * {{Transl|tiv|Or shurwa}} (mai ba da labari) - Mafi yawan memba wanda ke da alhakin dangantaka tsakanin masu sauraro da masu wasan kwaikwayo. Ya nuna alamun masu wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya cika hutu tare da wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa. * {{Transl|tiv|Mbakuuv}} (masqueraders) - Wadanda ke bayan abin rufe fuska da tufafin wasan kwaikwayo. * {{Transl|tiv|Or Iwanger}} (mutumin haskakawa) - Mai kula da fitilu. Yana ɗauke da fitilar a matsayin jagora ga {{Transl|tiv|mbakuuv}} a fagen wasan kwaikwayo. * {{Transl|tiv|Mbanyoron dagbera}} (masu wasan kwaikwayo) - Masu kula da wasan kwaikwayo daga ƙarƙashin dandalin. * {{Transl|tiv|Ortongon korough}} (mai busa ƙaho ko mai kula da lokaci) - Lokaci na tsawon wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban === Masu kiɗa === Masu kiɗa suna karkashin jagorancin {{Transl|tiv|tor gbande}} (babban mai bugawa) wanda {{Transl|tiv|mue-tor gbande}} ke taimakawa. Sauran mawaƙa da yawa sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kuma suna kunna nau'ikan drum daban-daban da aka sani da {{Transl|tiv|itsorough}} (Tiv native snare drum), {{Transl|tiv|ngo gbande}} (Tiv native bass drum), da dai sauransu. === Mai zane-zane === Mai zane-zane ({{Transl|tiv|or gban akaa}}) ba a gani sosai a lokacin wasan kwaikwayon {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}}. Koyaya, shi ne babban jagora na ƙungiyar {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}}. A aikace, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin marubucin rubutun da darektan saboda yana ƙayyade fassarar da kyawawan wasan kwaikwayo. An hayar mai zane-zane, bisa ga kirkirarsa don samar da bukukuwa da abin rufe fuska ga rukuni. == Filin wasan kwaikwayo == An raba matakin {{Transl|tiv|Kwagh-hir}} zuwa babban yanki, matsayin mawaƙa, bayan fage da ɗakin taro. Babban yanki shine tsari na rabin zagaye a cikin yankin wasan kwaikwayon. Wannan shi ne inda masu zane-zane ke yin mafi kyawun ƙwarewarsu bayan suna motsawa a gefen gefen. Matsayin mawaƙa yana a kusurwar mataki. Ya haɗu da masu sauraro tare da bayan fage kuma mawaƙa da masu rawa suna shagaltar da shi. Gidan baya yawanci shine bayan gidaje masu zagaye. Wannan yanki an ƙuntata shi sosai ga membobin ƙungiyar {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}}. Gidan taron shine yankin da ke kewaye da babban filin wasa a kusa da inda masu sauraro ke zaune.<ref name="KWH"/> == Kwagh-hir kyakkyawa da kayan shafawa == [[Fayil:Kwagh-hir_masks.jpg|thumb|Kwagh-hir masks a nuna a Makurdi, Jihar Benue]] [[Fayil:Kwagh-hir_animated_character.jpg|thumb|Wani hali mai rai na kwagh-hir yana aiki a lokacin Benue Youth Carnival]] Kwagh-hir kyawawan abubuwa an samo su ne daga alamu na al'adun Tiv kuma suna nuna fahimtar Tiv game da rayuwarsu. An tsara wannan ta hanyar amfani da ra'ayoyi daban-daban na ƙira waɗanda aka ɗora su cikin nau'o'i daban-daban don nuna ayyukan al'umma. Masks suna da kyau kuma suna nuna yanayin kyawawan halaye na mutanen Tiv. Ya ƙunshi wasu raye-raye na zamantakewar Tiv kamar swange, gberichul, ihinga, ivom, iee, igbe, ibiamegh, girinya da sauran siffofin ban dariya. Kayan aiki daban-daban na kwagh-hir duk suna da halin kirki. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na halitta ne, ba daidai ba ne har ma da ba'a, duk da haka duk suna nuna nuna nuna bambancin ɗabi'a da takunkumi na al'ummar Tiv. Ana nuna wayar da kan jama'a game da tarihi a wasu bukukuwa waɗanda ke wakiltar abubuwan da suka faru kamar lokacin da mace ta farko ta fito ko kuma lokacin da salon tufafi na zamani na ƙirar Turai suka sami karɓa na gida. {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}} puppets suna da kyawawan halaye kamar hanci na triangular, idanu masu kama da [[Al'adar Nok|Nok]], ƙananan leɓuna da hanci na uku. Launuka da aka yi amfani da su wajen zanen 'yan tsana suna da ƙarfi, saboda masu zane-zane na {{Transl|tiv|kwagh-hir}} suna amfani da launuka kai tsaye daga tushe. Babu wani yunkuri na da gangan na ƙirƙirar sautuna, inuwa ko tintura. Ana yin kayan ado don masquerade sosai kuma suna da launi sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=New Book: Something Magical - The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv |url=https://www.imodara.com/magazine/new-book-something-magical/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=imodara.com}}{{Dead link}}</ref> Kowane abu ne da abin rufe fuska da kayan rufe fuska don nuna aikin alama da motsi wanda ke bayyana fannoni na ra'ayi na duniya na Tiv. Kowane abu na abin rufe fuska yana bayyana, kuma yana fassara gaskiyar tsakanin mutum, dabba, ruhu, da muhalli. Kowane mutum yana nuna zurfin motsin rai na tsoro, dariya, fushi, soyayya har ma da rashin kulawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=New Book: Something Magical - The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv |url=https://www.imodara.com/magazine/new-book-something-magical/ |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=imodara.com}}{{Dead link}}</ref> Kowane hali na kwagh-hir yana da alaƙa da bayyanarsa kuma yana haifar da wani nau'i na ganewa ga masu sauraro.<ref name="KRB"/> == Shahararrun daraktocin zane-zane na kwagh-hir == Wadannan sune wasu daga cikin sanannun Ator-a-Kwagh-hir (direkta na fasaha): * Apev Akaa * Anande Chieshe * Chia Gbagir <ref name="TKT"/> * Ayange Gwer * Adasu Jirgba * Kende Kaase * Adikpo Songo == Bayani == {{Notelist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sl9logifebvwlnxkesveyux145ngfss 0 124512 888034 751618 2026-07-27T09:45:26Z BnHamid 12586 888034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rikicin cikin gida''' a New Zealand, sau da yawa ana kiransa tashin hankali na iyali ko lahani na iyali an bayyana shi a ƙarƙashin dokar New Zealand ba kawai tashin hankali na abokin tarayya ba har ma da tashin hankali ga wasu dangin iyali, gami da yara da dangi ko whānau, da kuma mutanen da ke zaune tare a cikin gida ɗaya, kamar su flatmates.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestic violence – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044319/https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |website=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |language=en}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutane a New Zealand sun fuskanci tashin hankali na abokin tarayya (IPV) a cikin rayuwarsu, wanda ya sa New Zealand ta sami mafi girman tashin hankali na cikin gida a cikin ƙasashe 14 na OECD. A cikin 2020, 'yan sanda na New Zealand sun amsa kiran tashin hankali na cikin gida kowane minti 4.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2020 |title=New Zealand domestic violence services to get $200m as lockdown takes toll |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/11/new-zealand-domestic-violence-services-to-get-200m-as-lockdown-takes-toll |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da gidan tsauraran tashin hankali na iyali na New Zealand a cikin shekara ta 2005 kuma Jami'ar Auckland ce ke sarrafa shi, a ƙarƙashin kwangilar da Te Puna Aonui ta tallafawa. (nzfvc.org.nz) Bayanan da aka tattara kuma aka sake dubawa ta NZFVC sun gano cewa a cikin 2016, kashi 89% na mutanen da ke New Zealand da suka nemi umarnin kariya mata ne. Maza sun kai kashi 89% na masu amsawa ga umarnin kariya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestic violence – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044319/https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |website=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |language=en}}</ref> Kwamitin Binciken Mutuwar Rikicin Iyali ya gano cewa a cikin lokacin 2009-2018, abokan aikinsu sun kashe mata 88 na New Zealand. Daga cikin matan da aka kashe, kashi 51 cikin 100 sun bar abokin aikinsu mai cin zarafi a cikin watanni uku da suka gabata. Ƙarin kashi 14% na matan da aka kashe sun bar abokin tarayya fiye da watanni uku kafin a kashe su. Wannan yana nuna cewa rabuwa ba daidai ba ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestic violence – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044319/https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |website=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |language=en}}</ref> Kwamitin Binciken Mutuwar Rikicin Iyali na New Zealand ya lura cewa inda mace ta kashe abokin tarayya, tashin hankali sau da yawa yana da "tsarin kariya mai ƙarfi". Bincike ya nuna cewa maƙurewa, amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, mallakar bindiga, kishi mai tsanani, jima'i da aka tilasta, warewa daga abokai da dangi, samun ɗa daga iyaye daban-daban a cikin gida, barazanar kashewa, barazanen kashe kansa, barazanari yayin daukar ciki, da kuma bin diddigin duk abubuwan haɗari ne na kashewa da abokin tarayya. Hadarin ya fi girma a cikin watanni uku bayan mace ta tafi kuma ba ta sauka sosai har sai watanni 12 sun wuce. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da shawarar cewa mata da yara na Māori galibi suna amfani da kiwon lafiya da ayyukan al'umma daga baya fiye da wasu, ma'ana cewa lokacin da suka yi raunin su da batutuwan sun fi tsanani.<ref name="intervention">{{Cite web |title=Family Violence Intervention Guidelines – Child and Partner Abuse. |url=https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/family-violence.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305104155/https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/family-violence.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> == Yaduwa == Nazarin Lafiya da Ci Gaban Multidisciplinary na Dunedin ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi 34% na maza da kashi 27% na mata sun fuskanci cin zarafin jiki daga abokin tarayya. 37% na mata da 22% na maza sun ba da rahoton cewa sun aikata tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestic violence – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044319/https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |website=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |language=en}}</ref> A cewar Ma'aikatar Shari'a, kashi 23% na mata da kashi 10% na maza da suka yi abokin tarayya sun fuskanci tashin hankali na abokin tarayya a rayuwarsu.<ref name="cycle4-2021">{{Cite web |date=June 2022 |title=Survey findings - Cycle 4 report |url=https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Cycle-4-Core-Report-v0.20-20220628.pdf |website=justice.govt.nz}}</ref> An sanya New Zealand a matsayin wanda ke da mafi girman yaduwar tashin hankali na cikin gida a cikin ƙasashe 14 na OECD waɗanda suka shiga cikin binciken.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestic violence – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044319/https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |website=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |language=en}}</ref> === Rikicin jima'i === Binciken da Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta gudanar ya gano cewa kashi 94% na cin zarafin jima'i ba a ruwaito wa 'yan sanda ba, kuma kashi 2% na wadanda abin ya shafa sun sami kashi 33% na dukkan laifuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestic violence – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044319/https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |website=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta ba da rahoton cewa a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata, kusan kashi 2% na manya sun fuskanci cin zarafin jima'i tsakanin barazanar taɓawa da ba a so ga tilasta jima'i. Wannan adadin ya kasance 11% ga 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i. Kashi 9% na mata masu shekaru 15-19 sun fuskanci cin zarafin jima'i, kuma kashi 7% na mata masu shekarun 20-29 sun kuma fuskanci.<ref name="cycle4-2021">{{Cite web |date=June 2022 |title=Survey findings - Cycle 4 report |url=https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Cycle-4-Core-Report-v0.20-20220628.pdf |website=justice.govt.nz}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Cycle-4-Core-Report-v0.20-20220628.pdf "Survey findings - Cycle 4 report"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''justice.govt.nz''. June 2022.</cite></ref> === Māori === Māori suna wakiltar duka wadanda abin ya shafa da masu aikata tashin hankali na iyali a New Zealand. <ref name="kaupapa">{{Cite web |title=Kaupapa Māori wellbeing framework: The basis for whānau violence prevention and intervention. |url=https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/issues-paper-6-2014_0.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162208/https://nzfvc.org.nz/sites/nzfvc.org.nz/files/issues-paper-6-2014_0.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2023}}</ref> Tare da matan Māori suna cikin haɗarin IPV sau uku fiye da sauran mata. Fiye da rabin abokan ciniki na Yara, Matasa da Iyali waɗanda ke da akalla ganowar cin zarafi guda ɗaya sune Māori. Daga cikin wannan jimlar adadin, 4451 yara maza ne kuma 4490 'yan mata ne.<ref name="towardsfreedom">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Family Violence Statistics Disaggregated by Ethnicity |url=https://www.ethniccommunities.govt.nz/sites/default/files/files/Towards%20Freedom%20from%20Violence%20-%20NZ%20Family%20Violence%20Statistics%20Disaggregated%20by%20Ethnicity%20-%20Office%20of%20Ethnic%20Affairs%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212105108/http://ethniccommunities.govt.nz/sites/default/files/files/Towards%20Freedom%20from%20Violence%20-%20NZ%20Family%20Violence%20Statistics%20Disaggregated%20by%20Ethnicity%20-%20Office%20of%20Ethnic%20Affairs%202013.pdf |archive-date=February 12, 2016 |website=ethniccommunities.govt.nz}}</ref> Tsakanin shekara ta 2011 zuwa 2012, matan Māori sune jinsi da kabilanci da aka fi yarda da su a asibiti bayan wani dan iyali ya kai hari. Fiye da rabin jimlar Māori ne. Daga cikin wadannan shari'o'in, kimanin kashi 19% na masu aikata laifin an gano su a matsayin 'sauran' dangin, tare da ma'aurata / abokan gida su ne masu aikata laifuffuka.<ref name="towardsfreedom">{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Family Violence Statistics Disaggregated by Ethnicity |url=https://www.ethniccommunities.govt.nz/sites/default/files/files/Towards%20Freedom%20from%20Violence%20-%20NZ%20Family%20Violence%20Statistics%20Disaggregated%20by%20Ethnicity%20-%20Office%20of%20Ethnic%20Affairs%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212105108/http://ethniccommunities.govt.nz/sites/default/files/files/Towards%20Freedom%20from%20Violence%20-%20NZ%20Family%20Violence%20Statistics%20Disaggregated%20by%20Ethnicity%20-%20Office%20of%20Ethnic%20Affairs%202013.pdf |archive-date=February 12, 2016 |website=ethniccommunities.govt.nz}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160212105108/http://ethniccommunities.govt.nz/sites/default/files/files/Towards%20Freedom%20from%20Violence%20-%20NZ%20Family%20Violence%20Statistics%20Disaggregated%20by%20Ethnicity%20-%20Office%20of%20Ethnic%20Affairs%202013.pdf "New Zealand Family Violence Statistics Disaggregated by Ethnicity"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''ethniccommunities.govt.nz''. Archived from [https://www.ethniccommunities.govt.nz/sites/default/files/files/Towards%20Freedom%20from%20Violence%20-%20NZ%20Family%20Violence%20Statistics%20Disaggregated%20by%20Ethnicity%20-%20Office%20of%20Ethnic%20Affairs%202013.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 12, 2016.</cite></ref> == Abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa == Rikicin cikin gida a New Zealand yana iya faruwa lokacin da barasa ya shiga, [1] kasancewar yana dogara da kudi ga abokin tarayya, [2] rashin lafiyar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki game da ilimi, aiki, kiwon lafiya, gidaje da samun kudin shiga, [3] a cikin iyalai matasa, [4] da masu cin gajiyar gidajen iyaye guda.[5] A halin yanzu Māori sun kai kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jimlar masu cin gajiyar a New Zealand.[6] Ma'aikatar Gyara ta New Zealand ta fahimci cewa masu aikata ta'addanci na whānau suna da matsaloli da yawa kamar fushi, ƙiyayya da rikice-rikice na mutum daga shaida ko shan wahala tun suna yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestic violence – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044319/https://teara.govt.nz/en/domestic-violence |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |website=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jm1k7riy4jteubqo0qyp7ff30hjq7d4 0 125225 888077 824128 2026-07-27T11:12:30Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Calligrapher_Fahd_AlMujahedi.png|Calligrapher_Fahd_AlMujahedi.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Gbawden|Gbawden]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Cergun62|]]. 888077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ibn_al-Bawwab_-_Qurʾan_f._278v-279r.jpg|thumb|Kwafin Alƙur'ani na Ibn al-Bawwab a shekara ta 1000/1001 CE, wanda ake kyautata zaton shine misali na farko na Alƙur'ani da aka rubuta da rubutun lanƙwasa.]] '''Rubutun Larabci''' aikin fasaha ne na rubutun hannu da rubutun hannu bisa ga [[Baƙaƙen larabci|haruffan Larabci]] . Ana kiransa da ''khatt'' a [[Larabci]] ( Arabic ), an samo shi ne daga kalmomin 'layi', 'zane', ko 'gina'. <ref name="typography">{{Cite web |last=Julia Kaestle |date=10 July 2010 |title=Arabic calligraphy as a typographic exercise |url=http://ilovetypography.com/2008/07/10/arabic-calligraphy-as-a-typographic-exercise/}}</ref> Kufic shine mafi tsufan nau'in rubutun Larabci . Daga mahangar fasaha, an san rubutun Larabci kuma an yaba shi saboda bambancinsa da kuma babban damarsa ta ci gaba. A gaskiya ma, an haɗa shi a cikin al'adun Larabci da fannoni daban-daban kamar [[Musulunci|addini]], fasaha, gine-gine, ilimi da sana'a, waɗanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gabansa. Duk da cewa yawancin rubutun Musulunci yana cikin Larabci kuma yawancin rubutun Larabci Musulunci ne, su biyun ba iri ɗaya ba ne. Misali, rubutun Coptic ko wasu rubuce-rubucen Kirista a Larabci sun yi amfani da rubutun kira. Haka nan, akwai rubutun Musulunci a cikin harshen Farisa da Turkanci na Ottoman . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date= |title=History - Persian Calligraphy- All about Persian Calligraphy |url=http://www.persiancalligraphy.org/History-of-Calligraphy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904062040/http://www.persiancalligraphy.org/History-of-Calligraphy.html |archive-date=2015-09-04 |access-date=2021-03-17 |website=persiancalligraphy.org}}</ref> == Haruffan Larabci == [[Baƙaƙen larabci|Haruffan Larabci]] yana ɗaya daga cikin rubutun da aka fi amfani da su a duniya. Masana da yawa sun yi imanin cewa an ƙirƙiri haruffan ne a kusa da ƙarni na 4 AD. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Haruffan sun ƙunshi haruffa 28 da aka rubuta daga dama zuwa hagu. Kowace harafi ana iya rubuta ta hanyoyi huɗu, ya danganta da inda aka sanya harafin a cikin kalma. Waɗannan wurare huɗu kuma ana kiransu da farko, tsakiya, ƙarshe da kuma keɓewa. Duk haruffa na iya haɗawa daga gefen dama (watau zuwa harafin da ya gabata), amma wasu ba sa haɗuwa daga gefen hagu (watau zuwa harafin da ke gaba). Haruffa uku kuma na iya wakiltar wasulan dogaye a wasu yanayi, wato ālif (ا), wāw (و), da yā (ي). == Aiwatarwa == Alƙalaman da ake amfani da su wajen rubuta rubutun Larabci sun bambanta da na Latin. Kayan aikin da ake amfani da su wajen rubuta rubutun kalmomi sun haɗa da nau'ikan alkalami da tawada. Alƙalamin rubutun kalmomi da aka fi amfani da su shine [[Kalam|Qalam]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-05-15 |title=Lettering Pens – Huge overview |url=https://lettering.org/supplies/pens/ |access-date=2019-04-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (February 2025)">tabbacin da ya gaza</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> === Alkalami na Khamish === Masu rubuta rubutun hannu na Larabawa, Turkiyya, da Iran suna amfani da alkalami na Khamish wanda aka fi sani da alkalami mai kauri. Ana noma sandar alkalami a gefen koguna. Duk da cewa an yi amfani da wannan alkalami sama da shekaru 500, shirya alkalami tsari ne mai tsawo. === Alkalami na Java === [[Java pen|Alkalami na Java]] an san shi da taurin kayan aikin da kuma ikon ƙirƙirar gefuna masu kaifi. Alkalami yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi ga ƙananan rubuce-rubuce. === Handam alkalami === Alƙalami na Handam yana da ƙarfi iri ɗaya da alƙalami na Java. Alƙalami yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi ga kowane irin rubutun rubutu. <ref name="hamdan pen specifics">{{Cite web |title=The Handam Pen |url=https://arabiccalligraphysupplies.com/handam |website=Arabic Calligraphy Supplies |access-date=2025-12-28 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125001603/https://arabiccalligraphysupplies.com/handam |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Alkalami na Celi === Ana amfani da alkalami na Celi don manyan rubuce-rubuce a cikin rubutun Larabci. Waɗannan alkalami an yi su ne da katako kuma an yanke su kuma an haƙa su. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == Juyin Halitta == Rubutun Larabci ya samo asali ne daga kayan aiki na sadarwa da takardu zuwa siffar fasaha a cikin ƙarni 13, an kuma aiwatar da shi a wasu fannoni daban-daban kamar [[lissafi]] da ilmin taurari . Tsarin ado ne na tsakiya a cikin fasahar Musulunci, kamar ƙirar ado da gine-gine. Masana tarihi suna ɗaukar [[:ar:قطبة_المحرر|Qutba al-Muharrir]] a matsayin ƙwararren rubutun Larabci na farko. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Juyin halittar rubutun Larabci ya haifar da bayyanar rubuce-rubuce daban-daban, gami da salon rubutun lanƙwasa kamar Nastaliq da Ruq'ah, da ƙarin salon kusurwa mai kusurwa kamar Kufic . Siffofin harshe na rubutun Larabci suna raba tsakanin dukkan rubutun duk da bambance-bambancen salo. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="Failed to validate claim (September 2024)">mafi kyau&nbsp;tushe&nbsp;ana buƙata</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Rubuce-rubuce == === Kufic === [[Fayil:Qur'an_folio_11th_century_kufic.jpg|thumb|Rubutun Alqur'ani na karni na 11]] Da farko ana amfani da salon rubutun Larabci na Kufic don rubutu a kan dutse da ƙarfe, an sami sunansa saboda haihuwarsa a birnin Kufa, Iraki. Wannan rubutun yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin rubutun da ake amfani da su a rubutun Larabci da na Musulunci ; saboda haka, salon ya fuskanci ci gaba da sauye-sauye da yawa a rayuwarsa, yayin da aka yi ƙoƙari da yawa don kammala shi. Duk da haka, wannan kuma ya haifar da ci gaban bambance-bambance daban-daban na wannan rubutun, kamar Kufic mai fure, Kufic mai siffar murabba'i, Kufic mai ƙulli, da sauransu da yawa. Wannan kuma yana nufin akwai wasu siffofi daban-daban na rubutun Kufic. An yi amfani da salon Kufic kusan kawai ga Larabci, sabanin sauran harsuna, kamar [[Farisawa|Farisanci]] da [[Urdu]], waɗanda aka rubuta a cikin tsarin da aka samo daga Larabci; banda wannan akwai jerin waƙoƙin Farisa da aka samu a kan wani gini a [[Ghazni]] daga ƙarni na 11. {{Sfn|Schimmel|Rivolta|1992}} === Nask === [[Fayil:Qur'an_folio_in_black_Naskh_script_with_Persian_translation_in_red_Nasta‘liq_script.jpg|thumb|Rubutun Alƙur'ani a cikin baƙar rubutun Naskh tare da fassarar Farisanci a cikin ja rubutun Nasta'liq]] An ce wannan rubutun ya samo asali ne daga [[Makkah|Makka]] da [[Madinah|Madina]], wanda aka fi sani da rubutun Naskh ko Naskhī. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ana amfani da rubutun a matsayin rubutun lanƙwasa, misali a kan papyrus da takarda. Masana suna muhawara kan asalin salon, amma wasu suna ganin ya samo asali ne daga rubutun Thuluth. Amma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan a Jabal Sala a Madina ya tabbatar da cewa rubutun Naskh ya riga rubutun Thuluth kuma ya wanzu kafin Ibn Muqla al-Shirazi. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don wannan rubutun shine don rubuta [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alƙur'ani]] amma kuma an yi amfani da shi don rubutu akan kayan tarihi na ƙarfe, katako da sauran abubuwan da ake amfani da su don ado. Babban lokutan juyin halitta na wannan rubutun sune ƙarni na 3 da 4 na Hijira, wanda ya yi daidai da juyin halittar wasu salon da suka shahara kamar Rayhani, Thulth, da Muhaqqaq . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |title=أنواع الخطوط وأشكالها المختلفة |url=https://www.baianat.com/ar/books/arabic-calligraphy-culture/types-of-fonts-and-its-different-shapes |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=بيانات |language=ar-Eg}}</ref> === Sauran rubuce-rubuce === Rubuce-rubucen Thuluth, Nasta'liq da Diwani wasu rubuce-rubuce ne da ake amfani da su wajen rubuta Larabci. Rubutun Thuluth, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a zamanin da, an san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin rubutun da suka wanzu. An yi amfani da rubutun a masallatai da kuma rubutun Alqur'ani saboda bayyanar rubutun. Ana amfani da rubutun Nasta'liq fiye da rubutun Farisanci. Saboda karkacewar da ke ƙasa zuwa hagu, ana ganin rubutun ya bambanta da sauran rubutun. <ref name="shutterstock.com">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2014 |title=Arabic Writing and Scripts: A Brief Guide &#124; Shutterstock |url=https://www.shutterstock.com/blog/a-brief-guide-to-arabic-scripts-and-calligraphy}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri rubutun Diwani a zamanin Daular Usmaniyya. Layin da haruffan wannan rubutun suna haifar da kusanci yayin rubutu. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da wuya a karanta tunda haruffan suna haɗuwa. <ref name="shutterstock.com"/> [[Fayil:Folio_of_an_album_in_Thuluth_script.jpg|thumb|Folio na kundin waƙoƙi a rubutun Thuluth]] Wasu misalai kaɗan: <ref name=":0"/> * Rubutu na Rayhani * Rubutu na Muhaqqaq * Rubutu na Ruq'ah == Jerin masu rubuta rubutu == === Tsakiyar Zamani === [[Fayil:Al-kindi.jpeg|thumb|197x197px|Al-Kindi (801-873)]] * [[:ar:قطبة_المحرر|Qutba Al-Muharrir]] . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> (Zamanin Umayyawa na 8) * [https://www.emaratalyoum.com/life/four-sides/2009-01-26-1.121564 Ibrahim Al-Shajri] . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> (8) * Al-Kindi (801-873 AD) * Ibn Muqla (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 939/940) * Ibn al-Bawwab (ya rasu a shekara ta 1022) * [[Fakhr-un-Nisa]] (ƙarni na 12) === Zamanin Ottoman === * Shaikh Hamdullah (1436-1520) * Hamid Aytaç (1891-1982) * Seyyid Kasim Gubari (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 1624) * Hafiz Osman (1642–1698) * Mustafa Râkim (1757–1826) * Mehmed Shevki Efendi (1829-1887) === Zamani === * Hasan Çelebi (b. 1937), Turkiyya * Ali Adjalli (an haife shi a 1939), Iran * Wijdan Ali (an haife shi a 1939), Jordan * Hashem Muhammad al-Baghdadi, Iraq * Everitte Barbee (an haife shi a 1988), Amurka * Mohammad Hosni na Siriya * Shakkir Hassan Al Sa'id (1925-2004) a Iraki * Madiha Omar 'yar asalin ƙasar Iraqi-Amurka * Hassan Massoudy ɗan ƙasar Iraqi-Faransa (an haife shi a shekara ta 1944) * Sadequain Naqqash (1930-1987), Pakistan * Ibrahim el-Salahi (b. 1930), Sudan * Mouneer Al-Shaarani (b. 1952), Syria * Mahmoud Taha (an haife shi a 1942), Jordan * Mohamed Zakariya (an haife shi a 1942), Amurka * Uthman Taha (an haife shi a shekara ta 1934), Siriya * Shafiq-Uz-Zaman Khan Pakistan * [[Hamza Asjad]] Pakistan == Gado == === Tsarin nau'in da saitin nau'in === Rubutun Larabci yana aiki a matsayin babban tushen wahayi ga ƙirar nau'in Larabci . Misali, rubutun Amiri ya samo asali ne daga rubutun Naskh da aka yi amfani da shi a Amiri Press da ke Alkahira. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Sauya salon rubutu na Larabci zuwa salon rubutu na Larabci yana haifar da ƙalubalen fasaha. === Duniyar Musulunci da wayewa === An yi imani da cewa shi ne wanda ya haifar da ci gaban rubutun Larabci; tare da ayyukan farko na rubutun Larabci da aka nuna a cikin kwafin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] tun ƙarni na farko na wahayin [[Musulunci]] kamar Littafin Kur'ani na Birmingham, Codex Parisino-Petropolitanus da wasu da dama. Ana iya samun rubutun Larabci a wasu lokutan a [[Masallaci|Masallatai]] tare da sassaka ayoyin Alqur'ani / Ayah da ke kan sassan ginin kanta. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Misalin da aka fi sani da rubutun Larabci a wurin ibadar Musulunci shine Kaaba da ke Makka, Saudiyya. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Rubutun Larabci ya ƙware a cikin kalmar ''rubutun Musulunci'' idan aka danganta ta da duniyar Musulunci. === Zane === EL Seed, wani mai zane-zanen rubutu na Faransa da Tunisiya, yana amfani da rubutun Larabci a cikin ayyukansa daban-daban na fasaha, a cikin salon da ake kira ''kiragraffiti'' . <nowiki><i id="mwAU4">Hurufiyya</i></nowiki> ( {{Lang|ar|الحروفية}} motsi ''na haruffa'' ), tun farkon karni na 20, yana amfani da fasahar sarrafa rubutun Larabci da rubutu a cikin ɓoyewa. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> ''Ɗauki Siffa: Takaitaccen Bayani Daga Duniyar Larabawa, 1950-1980s'', wani shiri na shekarar 2020 a Gidan Tarihi na Grey Art na Jami'ar New York, ya binciki yadda rubutun Larabci, tare da kasancewarsa a cikin zane-zane na gani, ya rinjayi zane-zane masu ban mamaki a duniyar Larabawa . Ga Madiha Omar, haruffan Larabci hanya ce ta bayyana asalin duniya da kuma daidaita zane-zanen Yamma, yayin da Omar El-Nagdi ya binciki allahntakar rubutun Larabci. <ref name="Heinrich-2020" /> == Misalai na zamani == <gallery> Fayil:Emirates_logo.svg|alt=The Emirates logo is written in traditional Arabic calligraphy| An rubuta tambarin [[Emirates]] da rubutun gargajiya na Larabci Fayil:Learning_Arabic_calligraphy.jpg|alt=The instruments and work of a student calligrapher. The phrase written on the top of the paper shows the Shiite saying "Every day is Ashura and every land is Karbala."| Kayan kida da aikin ɗalibi mai rubuta rubutun hannu. Kalmomin da aka rubuta a saman takardar sun nuna ma'anar 'yan Shi'a cewa "Kowace rana [[Ashura]] ce kuma kowace ƙasa [[Karbala]] ce." Fayil:Visit_Saudi_Logo.svg|alt=The official logo of the Saudi Tourism website that translates to "Visit Saudi".| Tambarin hukuma na gidan yanar gizon yawon buɗe ido na Saudiyya wanda ke fassara zuwa "Ziyarci Saudiyya". Fayil:Saudi_National_Center_for_Archives_and_Records_Logo.svg|alt=Logo of the Saudi National Center for Archives and Records| Tambarin Cibiyar Tarihi da Rikodin Ƙasa [[Saudi Arebiya|ta Saudiyya]] </gallery> == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qal5zmdt4kpc5zv0dvtyj9j06pikbu8 0 126022 887885 841602 2026-07-26T21:13:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Stan_Walker.jpg|thumb|Stan Walker ya yi nasara sau uku, tare da " Black Box " ( 2010 ), " Choose You " ( 2011 ) da kuma " Take It Easy " ( 2013 ).]] [[Fayil:Opshop.jpg|thumb|Wakar Opshop mai suna "Maybe" ta lashe kambun Airplay Record of the Year a shekarar 2008 .]] '''Lambar Yabo ta Radio Airplay ta Shekara''' [[Aotearoa Music Award|kyauta ce ta Kiɗa ta Aotearoa]] da ake bayarwa kowace shekara ga waƙoƙin da mawakan yankin suka yi fice [[Airplay|a sararin samaniya]] . An fara bayar da ita ga [[Goldenhorse]] a [[2004 New Zealand Music Awards|shekarar 2004]] don " [[Maybe Tomorrow (Goldenhorse song)|Maybe Tomorrow]] ". Ba a bayar da kyautar ba a [[2005 New Zealand Music Awards|shekarar 2005]], amma a [[2006 New Zealand Music Awards|shekarar 2006]] aka sake gabatar da ita, inda [[The Feelers]] suka lashe ta a waƙar " [[Stand Up (The Feelers song)|Stand Up]] ". Waƙar [[Brooke Fraser]] mai suna " [[Deciphering Me]] " ta biyo baya a [[2007 New Zealand Music Awards|shekarar 2007]], yayin da [[Opshop]] ta lashe kyautar a [[2008 New Zealand Music Awards|shekarar 2008]] tare da " [[Maybe (Opshop song)|Maybe]] ". A [[2009 New Zealand Music Awards|shekarar 2009]], an ba wa " [[Always on My Mind (Tiki Taane song)|Always on My Mind]] ", ta [[Tiki Taane]], kyautar. [[Stan Walker]] ya lashe kyautar sau biyu a jere &#x2014; a [[2010 New Zealand Music Awards|shekarar 2010]] tare da " [[Black Box (song)|Black Box]] " da kuma a [[2011 New Zealand Music Awards|shekarar 2011]] tare da " [[Choose You|Choice You]] ", sannan kuma tare da " [[Take It Easy (Stan Walker song)|Take It Easy]] " a [[2013 New Zealand Music Awards|shekarar 2013]] da kuma " [[Bulletproof (Stan Walker song)|Bulletproof]] " a shekarar [[2014 New Zealand Music Awards|2014]]. == Masu nasara == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Mai zane ! Waƙa ! class="unsortable" | Nassoshi |- ! scope="row" | 2004 | Dokin Zinare | " Wataƙila Gobe " | align="center" | <ref name="scribe">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2004 |title=Scribe cleans up at NZ Music Awards |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/news_entertainment_story_skin/449189%3F |access-date=3 December 2010 |publisher=[[One News (New Zealand)|One News]]. [[Television New Zealand]] |archive-date=14 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614093154/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/news_entertainment_story_skin/449189%3F |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2005 | {{N/a}}| {{N/a}} | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Winners - 2005 Winners |url=http://www.nzmusicawards.co.nz/2009/10/29/2005-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419131403/http://www.nzmusicawards.co.nz/2009/10/29/2005-winners/ |archive-date=19 April 2014 |access-date=3 December 2010 |publisher=[[New Zealand Music Awards]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2006 | {{Sortname|The|Feelers}} | " Tsaya tsaye " | align="center" | |- ! scope="row" | 2007 | {{Sortname|Brooke|Fraser}} | " Ƙirƙirar Ni " | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunkin |first=Joanna |date=19 October 2006 |title=Mint Chicks, Hollie Smith dominate NZ Music Awards |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10470840 |access-date=3 December 2010 |website=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |publisher=[[APN News & Media]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2008 | Opshop | "Wataƙila" | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2008 |title=Flight of the Conchords sweep Music Awards |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=10536464 |access-date=3 December 2010 |website=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |publisher=[[APN News & Media]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2009 | {{Sortname|Tiki|Taane}} | " Koyaushe Yana Kan Zuciyata " | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kara |first=Scott |date=8 October 2009 |title=Honours of night go to Ladyhawke |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/new-zealand/news/article.cfm?l_id=71&objectid=10602010 |access-date=3 December 2010 |website=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |publisher=[[APN News & Media]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2010 | {{Sortname|Stan|Walker}} | " Akwatin Baƙi " | align="center" | |- ! scope="row" | 2011 | {{Sortname|Stan|Walker}} | " Zaɓi Kai " | align="center" | |- ! scope="row" | 2012 | Six60 | " Kada Ka Manta da Asalin Ka " | align="center" | |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | Stan Walker | " Yi Shi Da Kyau " | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand Music Awards 2013 Winners |url=http://www.undertheradar.co.nz/news/7496/New-Zealand-Music-Awards-2013-Winners.utr |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=Under The Radar |publisher=Under The Radar}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | Stan Walker | " Mai hana harsashi " | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=RADIO AIRPLAY AWARD 2014 |url=http://www.nzmusicawards.co.nz/award-category/radio-airplay-award-2014/ |access-date=7 September 2015 |website=NZMA |publisher=RMNZ}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Broods | " Uwa da Uba " | align="center" | |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | Six60 | "Layukan Fari" | align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Broods dominate at the 2016 New Zealand Music Awards |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/music/news/article.cfm?c_id=264&objectid=11750181 |access-date=17 November 2016 |website=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |publisher=NZMA |archive-date=18 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118040418/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/music/news/article.cfm?c_id=264&objectid=11750181 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} Duk da cewa ba a saba sanar da waɗanda aka zaɓa a wannan rukunin ba, an haɗa da waɗanda aka zaɓa a shekarar 2004 da 2015. * Wadanda ba su yi nasara ba a shekarar 2004 sune: Bic Runga - " Listening for the Weather " da Carly Binding - " [[We Kissed]] ". * 'Yan takarar da ba su yi nasara ba a shekarar 2015 su ne: Benny Tipene - "Step On Up", Broods - "LAF", Lorde - " Yellow Flicker Beat ", Six60 - "Special". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 6wwlv4b8axc669qzvt56yxatqqnaagm 0 127284 888048 759593 2026-07-27T09:53:41Z BnHamid 12586 888048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Footbonaut''' injin horar da ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke harba ƙwallo a gudu daban-daban da kuma hanyoyi daban-daban ga 'yan wasa, waɗanda dole ne su sarrafa su kuma su wuce ƙwallon zuwa wani murabba'i mai haske. Baya ga ƙwarewar ƙwallon, an ƙera injin don inganta lokacin amsawar ɗan wasa. == Ci gaba == Christian Güttler ne ya ƙirƙiro Footbonaut a Berlin, Jamus. An kuma bayyana injin ɗin a matsayin keji [[Robotics|na robot]] . Footbanaut, wanda farashinsa ya kai dala miliyan 3.5, yana da girma kamar wani gida mai siffar kube kuma yana iya harba ƙwallo daga digiri 360 a cikin gudu daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin da 'yan wasan ke bi. 'Yan wasan, waɗanda ke tsaye a cikin da'ira, dole ne su sarrafa ƙwallon su kuma su wuce ta ɗaya daga cikin ƙofofi 72. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Grez |first=Matias |last2=Thomas |first2=Alex |date=November 9, 2017 |title='Footbonaut': German clubs lead football into the future |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/07/football/footbonaut-tsg-hoffenheim-julian-nagelsmann-borussia-dortmund/index.html |access-date=2019-02-22 |website=CNN}}</ref> An yaba wa [[Mario Gotze|Mario Götze]] a [[2014 FIFA World Cup Final|wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA na 2014]] saboda shekarun da ya yi yana aiki da Footbonaut. An ruwaito cewa ƙungiyar Jamus [[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim]] ta cimma matsayi mafi girma a gasar Bundesliga tsawon shekaru biyar - matsayi na tara - bayan amfani da na'urar. <ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Grez |first=Matias |last2=Thomas |first2=Alex |date=November 9, 2017 |title='Footbonaut': German clubs lead football into the future |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/07/football/footbonaut-tsg-hoffenheim-julian-nagelsmann-borussia-dortmund/index.html |access-date=2019-02-22 |website=CNN}}</ref> Akwai ƙungiyoyi uku da ke amfani da Footbonaut a horonsu. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == Nassoshi == k0snyfetg6lwmrk7857cwzr7o75zhu2 0 128180 888024 787569 2026-07-27T09:17:23Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:SamTrans_-_North_Base.jpeg|right|thumb|SamTrans North Base, babban wurin kulawa da ajiya don rundunar bas kusa da Filin jirgin saman San Francisco (2010) ]] Gundumar San Mateo County Transit (SamTrans) ta [[Bus|bas din]] ta yi aiki a ko'ina cikin San Mateo County tun shekarar 1976, bayan masu jefa kuri'a na gundumar sun amince da kafa samTrans a shekarar 1974 don haɗa tsarin bas din birni 11 da suka gabata. == Takaitaccen Bayani == Ya zuwa Maris , SamTrans yana aiki da jimlar motoci guda 379 a cikin sabis na kudaden shiga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2018 |title=Bus Fleet |url=http://www.samtrans.com/about/Bus_Operations_Information/Bus_Fleet.html |access-date=13 July 2018 |publisher=samTrans}}</ref> SamTrans yana da wuraren kulawa guda biyu don jigilar bas dinsa. Hedikwatar SamTrans tana cikin San Carlos, California, guda daya kudu maso yamma daga tashar San Carlos [[Caltrain]]. Bugu da kari, masu aiki da paratransit suna amfani da wurare biyu, MV Transportation: daya a Brewster Depot a Redwood City, da kuma wani wurin a Half Moon Bay. == Livery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="90px"> Fayil:SamTrans_bus_at_SSF_BART_2009-04-01.JPG|Gillig Phantom with "linear patriot" livery Fayil:SamTrans_bus_458,_a_Gillig_BRT_on_Route_292,_San_Francisco_International_Airport_(43777447611).jpg|Gillig BRT with "curvy patriot" livery Fayil:SamTrans_Gillig_Low_Floor_and_New_Flyer_XD60_Xcelsior_(50230070073).jpg|Gillig BRT (background) with "curvy patriot" livery and New Flyer Xcelsior XD60 with "silver" livery </gallery>SamTrans livery yafi fari tare da jan da shuɗi. Buses na farko sun nuna layi na layi, kuma farawa da 2009 Gillig BRTs, layi suna lankwasawa a bangarorin. An gabatar da sabon bambancin livery daga baya; launi na tushe azurfa ne, maimakon fari, kuma layin shuɗi ya shimfiɗa daga ƙasa da ƙofar gaba zuwa layin bel a baya, tare da jan layin da ke farawa daga hasken gaba kuma yana gudana har zuwa rufin. == Jirgin ruwa mai tsauri == A karkashin Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta California da aka karɓa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, hukumomin sufuri na jama'a a California za su sannu a hankali su sauya zuwa rundunar bas din da ba ta da isasshen iska ta hanyar 2040. SamTrans ya kafa burin sauyawa zuwa rundunar jiragen ruwa ta lantarki ta hanyar 2032. SamTrans tana la'akari da motocin da ke da hanya don samun rayuwar sabis na shekaru 12.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Community Relations Committee |date=November 2, 2016 |title=Building a SamTrans Bus |url=http://www.samtrans.com/Assets/__Agendas+and+Minutes/SamTrans/Board+of+Directors/Presentations/2016/2016-11-02+Mobility+Mgmt+-+Building+a+SamTrans+Bus.pdf |access-date=3 January 2019 |publisher=samTrans}}</ref> == Manazarta == gmx767pv8y1mhdf3q6bs6l9frjkfhw6 0 128985 888065 764025 2026-07-27T10:03:05Z BnHamid 12586 888065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wessel Oskar Karl Johann Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven''' (22 Nuwamba [ ] - 26 Yuli 1944) ya kasance kwamandan Jamus na Baltic a cikin Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Jamus (OKW) kuma memba ne na Jamusanci Resistance (Widerstand) a kan [[Adolf Hitler]]. Loringhoven aboki ne na Claus von Stauffenberg, wanda shine shugaban 20 ga Yuli Plot don kashe Hitler a 1944. == Tarihin rayuwa == Loringhoven ya fito ne daga dangin aristocratic Baltic German a Courland, Frydag, wanda ya fito ne frá Westphalia. An haife shi a cikin Groß Born Manor, Gwamnatin Courland (a yanzu Lielborne) amma ya girma a Adiamünde Manor (a yanzu Skulte) a Livonia. Bayan jarrabawarsa ta ƙarshe (''Abitur''), Loringhoven ya shiga Sojojin Baltic-Jamusanci (''Baltische Landeswehr'') a 1918, kuma tare da kafa Latvia mai zaman kanta ya zama jami'in 13th Infantry Regiment of Latvia kuma ya shiga cikin 'yancin Latgale. Bayan sake fasalin aikin gona na Latvia a cikin 1920 da kuma zama kasa na ƙasashen manor ya yanke shawarar barin Latvia a cikin 1922 don shiga Sojojin Weimar Jamus (''Reichswehr''). Loringhoven da farko ya nuna tausayi ga shirin National Socialist na Jamus. Amma, a cikin 1934, Night of the Long Knives ya yi masa rashin farin ciki. Bayan ƙarin abubuwan da suka faru game da laifukan yaki a lokacin mamayar Jamus a [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] (Operation Barbarossa), Loringhoven ya shiga cikin juriya da Nazi Jamus. A shekara ta 1943, tare da taimakon Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, an sake komawa Loringhoven zuwa Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Jamus (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, ko OKW) a matsayin kwamandan. === Shirin 20 ga Yuli === [[Fayil:Freytag-Loringhoven's_suicide_note.jpg|thumb|Bayanan kashe kansa na Wessel Freytag von Loringhoven tare da jininsa a kan takarda]] Loringhoven ya ba da cajin fashewa da fashewa don yunkurin kisan Hitler a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1944. Ya sami damar samun fashewar Burtaniya da aka kama daga bayanan leken asirin Jamus (Abwehr). An yi amfani da fashewar Burtaniya don yin wuya a gano wanda ya ba su, da kuma nuna cewa Burtaniya suna da hannu a cikin makircin, don haka karkatar da hankali daga ainihin masu makirci. Duk da haka, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Babban Ofishin Tsaro na Reich (Reichssicherheitshauptamt; RSHA), ya gano ayyukan Loringhoven. A ranar 26 ga watan Yulin 1944, nan da nan kafin Gestapo ta kama shi kuma ta san dabarun tambayoyi da suka yi amfani da su, Loringhoven ya kashe kansa a Mauerwald a Gabashin Prussia. === Sakamakon haka === Bayan mutuwarsa, an daure matar Loringhoven tare da dangin sauran mambobin makircin. An raba 'ya'ya maza huɗu na Loringhoven daga mahaifiyarsu. Dukkanin sun sami 'yanci daga sojojin Allied. Wani dan uwansa, Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven, ba a haɗa shi ba kawai saboda sa hannun Janar Heinz Guderian. Dan uwansa ya kasance mai zama a ''Führerbunker'' a [[Berlin]] zuwa ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II a Turai. Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven ya tsere daga Berlin, Birtaniya ta kama shi, kuma ya tsira daga yakin. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3ofvw5ig03schpehp8zu9w5l5uzmrcd 888066 888065 2026-07-27T10:04:38Z BnHamid 12586 Added external links 888066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wessel Oskar Karl Johann Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven''' (22 Nuwamba [ ] - 26 Yuli 1944) ya kasance kwamandan Jamus na Baltic a cikin Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Jamus (OKW) kuma memba ne na Jamusanci Resistance (Widerstand) a kan [[Adolf Hitler]]. Loringhoven aboki ne na Claus von Stauffenberg, wanda shine shugaban 20 ga Yuli Plot don kashe Hitler a 1944. == Tarihin rayuwa == Loringhoven ya fito ne daga dangin aristocratic Baltic German a Courland, Frydag, wanda ya fito ne frá Westphalia. An haife shi a cikin Groß Born Manor, Gwamnatin Courland (a yanzu Lielborne) amma ya girma a Adiamünde Manor (a yanzu Skulte) a Livonia. Bayan jarrabawarsa ta ƙarshe (''Abitur''), Loringhoven ya shiga Sojojin Baltic-Jamusanci (''Baltische Landeswehr'') a 1918, kuma tare da kafa Latvia mai zaman kanta ya zama jami'in 13th Infantry Regiment of Latvia kuma ya shiga cikin 'yancin Latgale. Bayan sake fasalin aikin gona na Latvia a cikin 1920 da kuma zama kasa na ƙasashen manor ya yanke shawarar barin Latvia a cikin 1922 don shiga Sojojin Weimar Jamus (''Reichswehr''). Loringhoven da farko ya nuna tausayi ga shirin National Socialist na Jamus. Amma, a cikin 1934, Night of the Long Knives ya yi masa rashin farin ciki. Bayan ƙarin abubuwan da suka faru game da laifukan yaki a lokacin mamayar Jamus a [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] (Operation Barbarossa), Loringhoven ya shiga cikin juriya da Nazi Jamus. A shekara ta 1943, tare da taimakon Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, an sake komawa Loringhoven zuwa Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Jamus (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, ko OKW) a matsayin kwamandan. === Shirin 20 ga Yuli === [[Fayil:Freytag-Loringhoven's_suicide_note.jpg|thumb|Bayanan kashe kansa na Wessel Freytag von Loringhoven tare da jininsa a kan takarda]] Loringhoven ya ba da cajin fashewa da fashewa don yunkurin kisan Hitler a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1944. Ya sami damar samun fashewar Burtaniya da aka kama daga bayanan leken asirin Jamus (Abwehr). An yi amfani da fashewar Burtaniya don yin wuya a gano wanda ya ba su, da kuma nuna cewa Burtaniya suna da hannu a cikin makircin, don haka karkatar da hankali daga ainihin masu makirci. Duk da haka, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Babban Ofishin Tsaro na Reich (Reichssicherheitshauptamt; RSHA), ya gano ayyukan Loringhoven. A ranar 26 ga watan Yulin 1944, nan da nan kafin Gestapo ta kama shi kuma ta san dabarun tambayoyi da suka yi amfani da su, Loringhoven ya kashe kansa a Mauerwald a Gabashin Prussia. === Sakamakon haka === Bayan mutuwarsa, an daure matar Loringhoven tare da dangin sauran mambobin makircin. An raba 'ya'ya maza huɗu na Loringhoven daga mahaifiyarsu. Dukkanin sun sami 'yanci daga sojojin Allied. Wani dan uwansa, Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven, ba a haɗa shi ba kawai saboda sa hannun Janar Heinz Guderian. Dan uwansa ya kasance mai zama a ''Führerbunker'' a [[Berlin]] zuwa ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na II a Turai. Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven ya tsere daga Berlin, Birtaniya ta kama shi, kuma ya tsira daga yakin. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ===Madogara=== * Astaf von Transehe-Roseneck u.a.: ''Genealogisches Handbuch der Baltischen Ritterschaften.'' Band ''Livland'', Görlitz 1929, S. 416ff. * [[Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven]]: ''Freytag von Loringhoven. Eine kurzgefaßte Familiengeschichte'', München 1986 * [[Ulrich Cartarius]]: ''Opposition gegen Hitler. Deutscher Widerstand 1933–1945'' Berlin 1984, {{ISBN|3-88680-110-1}} * [[Harald Steffahn]]: ''Die Wahrheit über Stalingrad'', in: Christian Zentner: ''Adolf Hitler'', Hamburg 1979 * ''[[Ernst Kaltenbrunner|Kaltenbrunner]]-Berichte an [[Martin Bormann|Bormann]] und Hitler über das Attentat vom 20. Juli 1944'', in: [[Hans-Adolf Jacobsen]] (Hrsg.): ''Spiegelbild einer Verschwörung'', Stuttgart 1961 * Sven Steenberg: ''[[Wlassow]] – Verräter oder Patriot?<'' Köln 1968 * [[Peter Hoffmann (historian)|Peter Hoffmann]]: ''Widerstand, Staatsstreich, Attentat. Der Kampf der Opposition gegen Hitler'', München 1969 * ''Wessel Baron Freytag von Loringhoven. Zum 25. Jahrestag des 20. Juli 1944'', in: ''Nachrichtenblatt der Baltischen Ritterschaften<'' 11. Jg. (1969), Heft 2 (Juni) * ''[[20. Juli 1944]]'', hrsg. von der Bundeszentrale für Heimatdienst, Bonn 1960 == Karin Karatu== * ''Der 20.Juli 1944 im Führerhauptquartier Wolfschanze'', Johannes Tuchel u.Uwe Neumärker Lukas Verlag 2021 * ''Nur eine ganz kleine Clique'', Linda v.Keyserlingk-Rehbein, Lukas Verlag 2018 {{Authority control}} dtmn72vw4g283g2kymh8fvncelnnad5 0 130700 887761 799332 2026-07-26T15:19:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Grovedale''' (wanda a da aka fi sani da Kwalejin Sakandare ta Grovedale ) babbar makarantar sakandare ce ta jama'a ta Australiya da ke Grovedale, Victoria, wani yanki a birnin Geelong. An kafa ta a shekarar 1979 a matsayin Makarantar Fasaha ta Grovedale. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaban makarantar R "Bob" Arnup, sabuwar makarantar ta bunƙasa kuma ta haɓaka wani matsayi na musamman a lokacin a matsayin samfurin ilimi mai ci gaba.<ref name=grovedale.au>{{cite web|title=Grovedale College {{!}} An Outstanding Education|url=http://grovedale.vic.edu.au/|publisher=grovedale.vic.edu.au|accessdate=23 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=house-ksou>{{cite web|title=Grovedale College, Grovedale|url=http://house.ksou.cn/school.php?id=3002|publisher=house.ksou.cn|accessdate=23 February 2014}}</ref><ref name=schoolchoice>{{cite web|title=GROVEDALE COLLEGE|url=http://www.schoolchoice.com.au/regional-schools/grovedale-college|publisher=schoolchoice.com.au|accessdate=23 February 2014}}</ref> == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == * Darcy Parish * Rhys Mathieson * Gryan Miers == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== *[http://www.grovedale.vic.edu.au/ Grovedale College Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129224746/http://www.grovedale.vic.edu.au/ |date=2020-11-29 }} [[Category: Makarantu]] ftld4y8svg0cgrlhxgr4eby1qdx6c3z 0 134603 887916 795316 2026-07-26T22:34:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lacey Nicole Chabert''' / / ʃəˈbɛər / shə- shə- ; an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1982) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chabert, Lacey 1982– |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/chabert-lacey-1982 |access-date=March 16, 2022 |website=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |publisher=[[Cengage]]}}</ref> 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. Ɗaya daga cikin rawar da ta taka a lokacin da take ƙarama ita ce rawar Bianca Montgomery, 'yar Erica Kane, a cikin shirin ''All My Children'' daga 1992 zuwa 1993. Ta ƙara samun shahara saboda yadda ta nuna Claudia Salinger a cikin shirin talabijin na Fox ''Party of Five'' (1994–2000). A cikin fim, ta fito a cikin ''fim ɗin Lost in Space'' (1998), ''Not Another Teen Movie'' (2001), da ''Daddy Day Care'' (2003); kuma ta taka rawa a matsayin Gretchen Wieners a cikin fim ɗin ''Mean Girls'' (2004), Meg Cummings a cikin fim ɗin ''Dirty Deeds'' (2005), Dana Mathis a cikin fim ɗin ban tsoro ''na Black Christmas'' (2006), da kuma Penelope a cikin fim ɗin mai rai ''All I Want for Christmas Is You'' (2017). Chabert ya kuma fito a cikin fina-finai sama da 40 na Hallmark Channel . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chabert, Lacey 1982– |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/chabert-lacey-1982 |access-date=March 16, 2022 |website=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |publisher=[[Cengage]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mendoza |first=N.F. |date=October 23, 1994 |title=The 'sparkle' that holds Fox's 'Party of Five' together is called Lacey |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-10-23-tv-53562-story.html |access-date=September 24, 2010 |work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Manyan rawar da Chabert ta taka a fannin muryarsa sun haɗa da Eliza Thornberry a cikin shirin Nickelodeon mai rairayi The Wild Thornberrys (1998–2004) da kuma fina-finan The Wild Thornberrys Movie da Rugrats Go Wild ; Meg Griffin a lokacin kakar farko ta wasan kwaikwayo mai rairayi Family Guy a 1999; [1] Mako a wasan bidiyo na Star Wars: The Old Republic (2011), jaruma Zatanna Zatara a cikin kafofin watsa labarai masu alaƙa da DC Comics, da kuma Princess Elise a cikin waƙar Turanci ta Sonic the Hedgehog (2006). == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lacey Nicole Chabert a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1982 a Hattiesburg, Mississippi, kuma ta girma a Purvis da ke kusa. <ref name="chabert1">{{Cite web |year=1998 |title=Vibe chat |url=http://lacey-chabert.dayah.com/text/VIBE.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216203500/http://lacey-chabert.dayah.com/text/VIBE.html |archive-date=December 16, 2006 |access-date=November 24, 2006 |publisher=Lacey Chabert.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chabert, Lacey 1982– |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/chabert-lacey-1982 |access-date=March 16, 2022 |website=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |publisher=[[Cengage]]}}</ref> ne daga [[Louisiana]] . [2] Tana da ƙane, Tony, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mendoza |first=N.F. |date=October 23, 1994 |title=The 'sparkle' that holds Fox's 'Party of Five' together is called Lacey |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-10-23-tv-53562-story.html |access-date=September 24, 2010 |work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> da kuma wata babbar 'yar'uwa, Chrissy. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chabert, Lacey 1982– |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/chabert-lacey-1982 |access-date=March 16, 2022 |website=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |publisher=[[Cengage]]}}</ref> Babbar 'yar'uwarsu, Wendy, ta mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya a watan Nuwamba 2021. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mendoza |first=N.F. |date=October 23, 1994 |title=The 'sparkle' that holds Fox's 'Party of Five' together is called Lacey |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-10-23-tv-53562-story.html |access-date=September 24, 2010 |work=[[The Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lacey Chabert Says Her 'Heart Aches So Deeply' 2 Months After Sister's Death: 'Incredibly Hard' |url=https://people.com/movies/lacey-chabert-says-heart-aches-deeply-two-months-after-sister-death/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Peoplemag |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Barsha |date=2021-11-24 |title=How many siblings does Lacey Chabert have? 'Mean Girls' star reveals shocking death of sister Wendy |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/how-many-siblings-lacey-chabert-have-mean-girls-star-reveals-shocking-death-sister-wendy |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Liv |date=2023-05-03 |title=Lacey Chabert Says She's Been Experiencing 'Terrible Anxiety' |url=https://heavy.com/entertainment/hallmark/lacey-chabert-reveals-fears-and-anxiety/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Heavy.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003004049/https://heavy.com/entertainment/hallmark/lacey-chabert-reveals-fears-and-anxiety/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lacey ta kasance "Ƙaramar Jaririn Duniya" a gasar "Ƙaramar Kyauta ta Duniya" a shekarar 1985. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now? |url=http://ourlittlemiss.com/Where_Are_They_Now_.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127102426/http://www.ourlittlemiss.com/Where_Are_They_Now_.html |archive-date=January 27, 2010 |access-date=August 3, 2010 |publisher=Ourlittlemiss.com}}</ref> Ta kuma shiga gasar kyau tun tana ƙarama kuma an sake sanya mata suna Miss Jr. Mississippi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tube |first=Stage |title=VIDEO: Lacey Chabert Talks About Being a Pageant Kid on LIVE WITH KELLY AND RYAN |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/VIDEO-Lacey-Chabert-Talks-About-Being-a-Pageant-Kid-on-LIVE-WITH-KELLY-AND-RYAN-20191224 |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] jtnq3mo4mq3dfgmmee56mn2n63lzbwi 0 134833 888041 776769 2026-07-27T09:49:29Z BnHamid 12586 888041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Georgina Harriett Bowers''' (1836–1912) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bryant |first=Mark |title=Bowers, Georgina Harriett (1835–1912), cartoonist and illustrator |journal=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |doi=10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.57140}}</ref> ƙwararriyar mai zane-zanen barkwanci ce [[Zamanin Victorian|ta Victoria]], kuma ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da aka amince da su a matsayin masu barkwanci. Tun tana ƙarama tana da alaƙa ta musamman da dabbobi, kuma daga baya a rayuwa zane-zanen dawaki da karnuka na gaske sun zama ruwan dare a cikin zane-zanenta. An san Bowers da aikinta a matsayin mai zane-zane ga ''Punch'', kodayake ta buga da yawa daga cikin wasannin barkwancinta. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Georgina Bowers a shekara ta 1836 a Landan, Ingila, inda mahaifinta, George Bowers, shine shugaban cocin St Paul's, Covent Garden, daga baya kuma ya zama shugaban cocin Manchester . [1] [2] Mahaifiyarta ta mutu kafin Bowers ya san ta. Tun tana ƙarama, Bowers tana son rayuwar ƙauye da dabbobi, waɗanda suka zama abubuwan da suka zama ruwan dare a cikin aikinta na baya. Tun tana ƙarama ta fara sha'awar zana karnuka da dawaki, kodayake uwargidanta ta hana hakan, ta dage cewa sai ta mai da hankali kan aikin allura da karatu. Duk da haka, wannan ya zama ba shi da amfani, kuma Bowers ta ƙare tana zana mafi yawan lokacin hutunta, wanda take da shi da yawa. Tana da shekaru 15 an tura ta zuwa Derbyshire, inda aka koya mata darussan sirri kamar kiɗa, zane, da Jamusanci. <ref name="clayton" /> Duk da cewa an koya mata zane, amma ta sake hana ta zana dabbobi. Madadin haka, malaminta ya ba ta shawara ne kawai kan zana zane mai launin ruwa, wanda aka ga ya fi dacewa da matashiya kamar ita. <ref name="clayton" /> == Sana'a == [[Fayil:A_panel_from_"Hollybush_Hall"_by_Georgina_Bowers.jpg|thumb|Wani kwamiti daga "Hollybush Hall" na Georgina Bowers.]] Bayan fitowarta, inda aka gabatar da ita a hukumance a matsayin mace a cikin al'umma da ke shirin yin aure, Bowers ta yanke shawarar fara karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Manchester . Wannan ba sabon abu ba ne ga mace a matsayinta, kuma ta sadaukar da mafi yawan lokacinta a kai. Daga baya ta zama mai zane a Punch, tana aiki tare da masu fasaha kamar Mark Lemon, Shirley Brooks, da John Leech . Bayan Leech ta mutu a 1864, duk da haka, ta ƙaura zuwa Hertfordshire don yin aiki da kuma kasancewa kusa da ƙauye kuma ta shiga cikin nazarin wasanni da yawa, da kuma nazarin fasaha na dawaki da karnuka yayin farauta. <ref name="clayton" /> Bowers ta taɓa cewa yawancin barkwancin da ke cikin littattafanta sun samo asali ne daga abubuwan da suka faru yayin farauta. A shekarar 1876, Bowers ta tsara kusan dukkan abubuwan farautar Punch, kuma ta shafe kwanaki tare da karnukanta ko kuma a kan doki, tana ajiye littafin zane a cikin jakar sirdi a kowane lokaci domin ta iya zana dabbobin da kyawawan wurare a kusa da ita. Bowers ta yi aiki a Punch daga 1866 zuwa 1876 kuma ta baje kolin tare da Ƙungiyar Mawakan Mata a 1862. Tsakanin 1862 da 1889 ta zana wasu littattafan wasanni da na yanayi, ciki har da "Canters in Crampshire", kusan 1880, "Mr Crop's Harriers" daga kusan 1880, da "Tales for Sportsmen" a 1883. <ref name="MAW" /> Sauran ayyukan da Bowers ya zana a shekarun 1880 sun haɗa da "Wata a Midlands", "Notes From a Hunting Box" da "Across Country". <ref name="SG0019" /> Bowers ya auri Henry Edwards, likitan dabbobi daga St Albans, Hertfordshire, inda ma'auratan suka zauna. Bowers ya mutu a Hertfordshire a shekarar 1912. <ref name="SG0019" /> [[Fayil:Cover_of_"Hollybush_Hall"_by_Georgina_Bowers.png|thumb|Murfin ''Hollybush Hall'' na Georgina Bowers]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} kqflexiax4n3rs0t3eo2ioa4ooffdgd 0 135571 888059 778099 2026-07-27T09:58:44Z BnHamid 12586 888059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Allan Wulf''' (Disamba 8, 1939 - Maris 10, 2023) masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda ya shahara saboda aikinsa a harsunan shirye-shirye da [[Compiler|na'urorin tattara bayanai]] . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Wulf a Chicago, kuma ya halarci Jami'ar Illinois Urbana-Champaign, inda ya sami digirin farko na Kimiyya (BS) a fannin kimiyyar injiniya a shekarar 1961 da kuma digiri na biyu na Kimiyya (MS) a fannin injiniyan lantarki a shekarar 1963. Daga nan ya sami digirin farko na Digirin Farko na Falsafa (Ph.D.) a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Virginia a shekarar 1968. == Sana'a == A shekarar 1970, lokacin da yake Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon (CMU), ya tsara harshen shirye-shiryen BLISS kuma ya ƙirƙiri mai tsara shirye-shirye don shi. Daga 1971 zuwa 1975, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin CMUs C.mmp, ya yi aiki a kan wani microkernel na tsarin aiki (OS) mai suna Hydra wanda aka gina bisa ga iyawa, wanda aka mayar da hankali kan abu, kuma an tsara shi don tallafawa nau'ikan tsarin aiki iri-iri da za a iya amfani da su. Tare da matarsa Anita K. Jones, Wulf ya kasance wanda ya kafa kuma mataimakiyar shugaba ta Tartan Laboratories, wani kamfanin fasahar [[Compiler|tattara bayanai]], a shekarar 1981. Wulf ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa daga 1996 zuwa 2007. Ya jagoranci Hukumar Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Sadarwa ta Majalisar Bincike ta Ƙasa daga 1992 zuwa 1996. Kafin haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Hukumar Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Bayanai ta Ƙasa ta Amurka (CISE) daga 1988-1990. A wannan lokacin, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da hanyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta ta NSFnet (kamar yadda aka san ta a wancan lokacin) ga jama'a a matsayin Intanet, wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta ACM Policy Award a 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=William A. Wulf: ACM Policy Award |url=https://awards.acm.org/award-recipients/wulf_1025840 |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a Majalisar ACM, a kwamitin gudanarwa na CRDF Global, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. William Wulf |url=http://www.crdf.org/profiles/profiles_show.htm?doc_id=604584 |access-date=3 May 2011}}</ref> kuma editan bita ne na ''Kimiyya'' . A 1994 an naɗa shi a matsayin Fellow na ACM. A 2007 an ba Wulf lambar yabo ta gabatar da lacca mai daraja ta Charles P. Steinmetz a Kwalejin Union . An zaɓe shi cikin Ƙungiyar Falsafa ta Amurka a wannan shekarar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=William+A.+Wulf&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> Binciken Wulf ya kuma haɗa da tsarin gine-ginen kwamfuta, [[Cyber security|tsaron kwamfuta]], da kuma lambar sirri ta software-hardware . Wulf ya ƙare aikinsa a Jami'ar Virginia ta hanyar yin murabus a ranar Talata, 19 ga Yuni, 2012, don nuna rashin amincewa da murabus ɗin tilas na tsohuwar Shugaba Teresa A. Sullivan, <ref>{{cite news |last=Hamm |first=Steve |date=23 February 2007 |title=The Turing Award Honors Frances Allen |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2007-02-23/the-turing-award-honors-frances-allenbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice |access-date=1 May 2011 |work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]}}</ref> a cikin abin da ya kira, "mummunan misali na shugabancin kamfanoni da na taɓa gani." <ref>{{Cite web |title=William A. Wulf: ACM Policy Award |url=https://awards.acm.org/award-recipients/wulf_1025840 |access-date=16 June 2023}}</ref> <ref>[https://users.math.yale.edu/~bbm3/web_docs/steinmetz.doc Dr. Charles Proteus Steinmetz Memorial Lecture Series]</ref> Bayan ƙalubalen da ya yaɗu daga malamai, ƙungiyar ɗalibai, tsofaffin ɗalibai, da kuma al'ummar ilimi ta ƙasa; kuma a gaban barazanar kai tsaye daga Gwamnan Virginia cewa zai maye gurbin dukkan hukumar gudanarwa idan ba su magance rikicin ba, an sake ɗaukar Sullivan aiki bayan makonni biyu. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Wulf ya auri Anita K. Jones, farfesa mai ritaya a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Virginia . William Wulf ya mutu a Charlottesville, Virginia, a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2023, yana da shekaru 83. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]] ig598iic7n928kjkeketqxh4hvuljbt 0 135880 888067 778702 2026-07-27T10:05:28Z BnHamid 12586 888067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ioannis Palaiokrassas''' (Girkanci; 27 Maris 1934 - 2 Oktoba 2021) ɗan siyasan Girka ne. Ya shiga cikin kwamitin majalisa wanda ya binciki [[Andreas Papandreou]] da ministansa a cikin abin kunya na Koskotas . Ya kasance Ministan Kudi kuma Kwamishinan Turai a cikin Hukumar Delors . A ranar 14 ga watan Yulin 1992 motar Palaiokrassas ta kasance manufa ta harin roka a ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba 17 tsakiyar Athens. Harin ya rasa burinsa, amma ya kashe mai wucewa.[1] Ya kasance shugaban kwamitin a Kwalejin Jami'ar Logos . <ref>{{cite news |author=Stephen Brookes |date=6 March 1989 |title=Awash in Scandal, Greece Wrestles its Political Furies |url=http://www.stephenbrookes.com/international/2008/1/9/awash-in-scandal-greece-wrestles-its-political-furies.html |publisher=Insight Magazine |ref={{harvid|Insight Magazine|Mar. 1989}} |location=Athens}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2021, Palaiokrassas ya mutu yana da shekaru 85 . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1934]] l1zd4k5aok0ud1j1360r1sfjowfnids 0 136366 888044 779537 2026-07-27T09:51:20Z BnHamid 12586 888044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sheikh Hadith Maulvi Habibullah Agha Sab''' (Pashto) Ministan Ilimi ne na [[Afghanistan|Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan]] . Yana daga cikin ƙungiyar Taliban mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma mai aminci na [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Habibullah Agha a Vach Bakhto, Shah Wali Kot, Kandahar a cikin 1954 ko 1955. Ya sami ilimin Islama na asali a ƙauyensa. Agha ya ci gaba da karatun Islama mafi girma a Pakistan. == Ayyuka == A karkashin gwamnatin Taliban ta farko (1996-2001), Agha alƙali ce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP}}</ref> Ya kuma zama mai ba da shawara na musamman na [[Mullah Omar]] da kuma jagoran ruhaniya na Taliban. A ranar 21 ga Satumba 2022, [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]] ya nada Agha a matsayin ministan ilimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP}}</ref> An dauki nadin sa a matsayin koma baya ga ci gaban ilimin mata. Ya fara aiki a matsayin ministan ilimi a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, ya ba da haramtacciyar doka ta wucin gadi ga makarantar mata da darussan ilimi sama da maki shida.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fakhri |first=Kreshma |title=Taliban also ban girls from private educational centres |url=https://zantimes.com/2022/12/22/taliban-also-ban-girls-from-private-educational-centres/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=zantimes |publisher=Zan Times}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyi == Agha tana adawa da zargi da aka yi wa jami'an gwamnatin Taliban. Ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a faɗi zargi a ofishin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP}}</ref> == Hukunce-hukunce na Duniya == A ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 2023, [[Tarayyar Turai]] ta ba da izini ga Habibullah Agha a matsayin jami'in gwamnati da ke da alhakin cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam a Afghanistan ta hanyar gabatar da manufofin ƙin samun damar samun ilimin sakandare ga' yan mata, don haka hana su yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na ilimi da kuma kada a nuna musu wariya bisa ga jinsi da kuma kara ware mata daga cikin al'ummar Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0nzbpy2127repksk0gdouxtrb3feb8v 0 136681 888049 780040 2026-07-27T09:54:08Z BnHamid 12586 888049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Timothy James Harvey''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1961) direban tsere ne na Birtaniya, wanda aka fi sani da zama Zakaran Motar Yawon Bude Ido na Burtaniya na 1992, da kuma zakaran gasar cin kofin Porsche Carrera na 2008 da 2010 na Burtaniya . Shahararren dan wasa ne a shekarun 1990, Harvey ya lashe tsere goma sha shida a gasar cin kofin Motar Yawon Bude Ido ta Burtaniya tsakanin 1987 da 1995, kuma ya fafata a jerin har zuwa 2002. Shi ne kuma ya lashe gasar tseren mota ta Guia Race of Macau da aka gayyata, a shekarar 1989. Bayan ya bar tseren mota mai tafiya a hankali, Harvey ya koma cikin jerin gasar cin kofin Porsche Carrera Cup ta Burtaniya mai nasara daya; bayan ya yi tuki biyu a shekarar 2003, ciki har da nasara daya, Harvey ya fafata a cikakken lokaci tun daga kakar wasa ta 2004 zuwa gaba. A cikin shekaru bakwai na cikakken gasar, Harvey ya kare a cikin manyan kungiyoyi hudu na karshe a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a kowace kakar wasa, kuma ya bar jerin bayan nasarar da ya samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Porsche Carrera a Nürburgring, tare da rikodin jerin nasarori 35. Tare da alkawuran kafofin watsa labarai ga mai watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin ITV4, da kuma labaransu game da gasar cin kofin British Touring Car Championship, Harvey a halin yanzu yana fafatawa a gasar cin kofin Burtaniya ta GT ; yana raba Porsche tare da Jon Minshaw, don kungiyar Trackspeed. == Farkon aikina == Harvey ya fara tsere a Formula Ford 1600 a shekarar 1983. A shekarun 1984 da 1985, Harvey ya yi tsere a gasar MG Metro Challenge . <ref>{{cite news |last=Meissner |first=Johan |date=17 February 2007 |title=History: BTCC 1992 – A controversial ending |url=http://www.touringcartimes.com/news.php?id=987 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322031838/http://www.touringcartimes.com/news.php?id=987 |archive-date=22 March 2007 |access-date=21 November 2012 |work=TouringCarTimes |publisher=Mediaempire Stockholm AB |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Wannan ya sa ya fara tseren mota ta Touring a gasar Touring Trophy ta 1984 a Silverstone, inda ya raba tseren MG Metro Turbo tare da Robin Brundle da Patrick Watts . Rashin nasarar axis na baya ya tilasta musu yin ritaya. <ref>{{cite news |date=24 September 2008 |title=Harvey lifts Carrera crown |url=http://www.crash.net/btcc/news/11444/1/pccgb_harvey_lifts_carrera_crown.html |access-date=21 November 2012 |work=Crash.net |publisher=Crash Media Group}}</ref> Hatsarin da ya faru a tseren motoci na Formula Ford a Silverstone a shekarar 1986 ya bar Harvey da ƙarancin motsi a idon sawunsa kuma bai iya ci gaba da tsere a cikin masu kujeru ɗaya ba. Wannan ya haifar da sauya sheka zuwa tin-tops, wanda ya fara da wani bikin Production Saloon na lokaci guda a Brands Hatch a cikin Rover Vitesse . == Aikin BTCC == An haife shi a Farnborough, London, Harvey ya fara tsere a BTCC a shekarar 1987, inda ya lashe gasar Class A sau uku a Rover Vitesse A shekarun 1988 da 1989 ya yi tsere a tseren motoci na wasanni tare da BTCC, kafin ya kare a matsayi na uku a Class A a shekarun 1989 da 1990. [[Fayil:Tim_Harvey_BTCC_1996.jpg|left|thumb|Harvey ya tuka [[Peugeot 406]] a kakar gasar British Touring Car Championship ta 1996 .]] Harvey ya zo na takwas a jimilla a shekarar 1991. An lashe gasarsa ta 1992 ne yayin da yake tukin motar BMW 318 coupe, wadda Vic Lee Motorsport ke jagoranta. Ya lashe tseren biyar daga cikin bakwai da suka gabata, bayan da ya lashe sau ɗaya kawai. Gasar karshe mai ban mamaki ta sa ya doke John Cleland da kuma zakaran da ke kan mulki Will Hoy zuwa ga lashe gasar, bayan da Hoy ya gamu da matsalar injin kuma Cleland ya fafata da abokin wasansa Steve Soper na Harvey. Ya fuskanci matsala a kakar wasa ta 1993 wajen haɓaka Renault 19 don sabon shiga na Renault amma har yanzu ya sami nasarar lashe tseren goyon bayan Turai na Grand Prix a cikin mawuyacin hali, yayin da abokin wasansa Alain Menu ya zarce shi a shekarar 1994 a sabuwar Laguna. Ya yi tsere don Volvo a shekarar 1995, yana amfani da kwarewarsa wajen haɓaka sabuwar motar Volvo 850, inda ya kare a matsayi na biyar gaba ɗaya kuma ya lashe nasara biyu amma gabaɗaya bai iya daidaita abokin wasansa Rickard Rydell ba. Daga nan aka yi amfani da gogewarsa wajen ƙirƙirar sabuwar motar Peugeot 406, inda ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar Faransa a shekarar 1996, amma bai sami nasarar da ta sha ba wa Peugeot a lokacin da take kan gaba a gasar ba. Ya tuka motar Peugeot a kakar wasanni ta 1996, 1997 da 1998, mafi kyawun shekararsa ita ce 1997, inda ya kare a matsayi na tara a gasar, wadda ta haɗa da matsayi na biyu, da kuma ƙarfin gwiwa a gasar Thruxton . Bayan shekaru biyu da suka yi tafiya, shekarun ƙarshe na BTCC na Harvey sune 2001 (na takwas a cikin JSM [[Alfa Romeo]] ) da kuma na goma a 2002 (ya sake haɗuwa da Vic Lee don tuƙa ɗaya daga cikin [[Peugeot|Peugeots]] ɗinsa, kafin ya bar jerin don neman aikin jarida). Jirgin Alfa Romeo 147 da Harvey ya yi tsere yanzu mallakar Allitalia ne - ƙwararren mota na Italiya mai zaman kansa wanda ke Arewacin Wales. == Kofin Porsche Carrera == Harvey ya yi tsere a gasar Porsche Carrera Cup tsawon shekaru da dama, inda ya zo na biyu bayan Richard Westbrook a 2004 <ref>{{cite news |last=Meissner |first=Johan |date=17 February 2007 |title=History: BTCC 1992 – A controversial ending |url=http://www.touringcartimes.com/news.php?id=987 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322031838/http://www.touringcartimes.com/news.php?id=987 |archive-date=22 March 2007 |access-date=21 November 2012 |work=TouringCarTimes |publisher=Mediaempire Stockholm AB |df=dmy-all}}</ref> da Damien Faulkner a 2006. A shekarar 2007, Harvey ya yi tukin mota zuwa Redline Racing a cikin sabuwar motar Porsche GT3 ta 997 a gasar Carrera Cup ta Burtaniya. Ganin cewa taurari kamar Faulkner, Westbrook, Danny Watts da Richard Williams ba sa fafatawa, kuma Harvey yanzu yana cikin manyan 'yan wasa na 2006, ya fara a matsayin wanda ake so a lashe gasar, amma ya sake zama na biyu, da maki hudu kacal bayan James Sutton . [[Fayil:Tim_Harvey_Clay_Hill_(3580816345).jpg|thumb|Harvey yana fafatawa a Oulton Park a lokacin kakar wasan Porsche Carrera Cup ta 2009 .]] A shekara ta 2008, Harvey ya ci gaba da fafutukar neman kambun, inda ya fara gasarsa ta 100 (daga tsere 106 kacal). Ya lashe gasar Porsche Carrera Cup Drivers Championship, a ranar 21 ga Satumba a Brands Hatch . <ref>{{cite news |last=Meissner |first=Johan |date=17 February 2007 |title=History: BTCC 1992 – A controversial ending |url=http://www.touringcartimes.com/news.php?id=987 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322031838/http://www.touringcartimes.com/news.php?id=987 |archive-date=22 March 2007 |access-date=21 November 2012 |work=TouringCarTimes |publisher=Mediaempire Stockholm AB |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Yana da tarihin jerin wasannin da suka kare a kan dandamali da kuma zagaye mafi sauri. Ya kare a matsayi na uku a shekara ta 2009, inda ya lashe gasar farko ta shekara a tseren 6 a Thruxton da kuma nasara biyu a Snetterton. <ref>{{cite news |last=Pettit |first=Vince |date=9 October 2010 |title=First Win For Jelley As Harvey Claims Title |url=http://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2010/10/jelley-takes-first-win-as-harvey-claims-title/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311224121/http://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2010/10/jelley-takes-first-win-as-harvey-claims-title/ |archive-date=11 March 2012 |access-date=21 November 2012 |work=The Checkered Flag |publisher=BlackEagleMedia Network}}</ref> Sannan ya bude gasar 2010 da nasarori tara a tseren farko goma (akasin haka, ya lashe wasanni hudu a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa gasar 2008). Ya kammala gasar 2010 da tsere daya da ya rage a Brands Hatch a ranar 9 ga Oktoba tare da matsayi na biyu a bayan Stephen Jelley don tabbatar da cewa Michael Caine, wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar ba zai iya kama shi ba. Bayan bugun fenariti a tseren lamba 20 wanda ya sa Harvey ya kasa samun maki a karon farko a kakar wasa, Harvey ya lashe gasar cin kofin Porsche Carrera ta GB Championship ta 2010 da maki goma, tare da nasarori 11 a tseren (da Caine bakwai). <ref>{{cite news |last=Kitchell |first=Norideen |date=16 November 1994 |title=Harvey primed for tour of duty |url=https://www.scmp.com/article/96102/harvey-primed-tour-duty |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124812/http://www.scmp.com/article/96102/harvey-primed-tour-duty |archive-date=22 December 2015 |access-date=21 November 2012 |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |publisher=[[SCMP Group]] |quote=Harvey, the 1989 Macau winner who turns 33 on race day, and fellow-Briton Justin Bell will be driving BMW 318is under the Motorola Pagers Racing Team banner.}}</ref> Nasarorin biyu da Harvey ya samu a Croft a ranar 20 ga Yuni sun sa ya zama direba mafi nasara a tarihin gasar, tare da nasarori 33 a tseren a lokacin (ya doke Richard Westbrook da nasarori 31). Zai kawo karshen kakar wasa da maki 4, da nasarori 35, da kuma sama da dandamali 150. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] cfguu35spi1lcpgyzx59dzivlelxzvx 0 137610 888045 781811 2026-07-27T09:51:48Z BnHamid 12586 888045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexander Aetolus''' (Girkanci na dā) ko Alexander the Aetolian mawaki ne na Hellenistic kuma masanin ilimin lissafi, wanda ya yi aiki a Laburaren Alexandria kuma ya rubuta waka a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, yanzu kusan ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Shi ne kawai sanannen mawaki na Aetolian na zamanin d ̄ a. == Rayuwa da ayyukanta == Alexander ɗan asalin [[Aetolia]]" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pleuron, Aetolia">Pleuron ne a Aetolia . Wani zamani ne na Callimachus da Theocritus, an haife shi c. 315 BC, kuma bisa ga Suda sunayen iyayensa sune Satyros da Stratokleia . A cikin 280s ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar malaman adabi da ke aiki a Laburaren Alexandria, inda Ptolemy II Philadelphus ya ba shi izini ya shirya da kuma gyara matani na bala'i da wasan kwaikwayo na satyr a cikin tarin Laburaren. Daga baya, tare da Antagoras da Aratus, ya shafe lokaci a kotun Sarkin Makidoniya Antigonus II Gonatas . Baya ga aikinsa a matsayin masanin kimiyya, Alexander ya kasance mawaki ne mai amfani wanda ya samar da aya a cikin mita da nau'o'i daban-daban, kodayake kusan layi 70 ne kawai na aikinsa Soda tsira, galibi a cikin gajerun raguwa da kafofin da suka biyo baya suka nakalto.[undefined] An yaba masa saboda bala'in da ya yi, wanda ya ba shi matsayi a cikin 'yan bala'in Iskandariya guda bakwai waɗanda suka kafa abin da ake kira Tragic Pleiad . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin bala'in da ya yi (ko watakila wasan satyr), Astragalistai ("Knucklebone-players"), ya bayyana kisan wani ɗan ɗalibi da matashi Patroklos ya yi. [2][3] Alexander kuma ya rubuta epics ko epyllia, wanda wasu sunaye da gajerun raguwa suka tsira: Haliyu ("Fisherman"), game da allahn teku Glaukos, da Krika ko Kirka (watakila "Circe"?) Misali mafi tsawo na aikinsa shine sashi na layi 34 daga Apollo, waka a cikin elegiac couplets, wanda ke ba da labarin Antheus da Cleoboea.[4][5][6] Wasu 'yan wasu raguwa na elegiac wasu marubuta sun nakalto, kuma ana ɗaukar rubutun biyu a cikin Anthology na Girkanci yawanci aikinsa. [7][8] Tsohon tushe sun kuma bayyana shi a matsayin marubucin kinaidoi (ma'anar lalata, wanda aka sani da "Waƙoƙin Ionic") a cikin hanyar Sotades.[9] Wani ɗan gajeren yanki a cikin Tetrameters na anapestic ya kwatanta halin Euripides da ingancin zuma na shayensa.[10] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5h3hkwtx2ntl9gzxmw2ncnf0hpbqg2s 888046 888045 2026-07-27T09:52:42Z BnHamid 12586 888046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexander Aetolus''' (Girkanci na dā) ko Alexander the Aetolian mawaki ne na Hellenistic kuma masanin ilimin lissafi, wanda ya yi aiki a Laburaren Alexandria kuma ya rubuta waka a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, yanzu kusan ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Shi ne kawai sanannen mawaki na Aetolian na zamanin d ̄a.<ref>Knaack 1894; Dover 1996.</ref> == Rayuwa da ayyukanta == Alexander ɗan asalin [[Aetolia]]" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Pleuron, Aetolia">Pleuron ne a Aetolia . Wani zamani ne na Callimachus da Theocritus, an haife shi c. 315 BC, kuma bisa ga Suda sunayen iyayensa sune Satyros da Stratokleia . A cikin 280s ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar malaman adabi da ke aiki a Laburaren Alexandria, inda Ptolemy II Philadelphus ya ba shi izini ya shirya da kuma gyara matani na bala'i da wasan kwaikwayo na satyr a cikin tarin Laburaren. Daga baya, tare da Antagoras da Aratus, ya shafe lokaci a kotun Sarkin Makidoniya Antigonus II Gonatas . Baya ga aikinsa a matsayin masanin kimiyya, Alexander ya kasance mawaki ne mai amfani wanda ya samar da aya a cikin mita da nau'o'i daban-daban, kodayake kusan layi 70 ne kawai na aikinsa Soda tsira, galibi a cikin gajerun raguwa da kafofin da suka biyo baya suka nakalto.[undefined] An yaba masa saboda bala'in da ya yi, wanda ya ba shi matsayi a cikin 'yan bala'in Iskandariya guda bakwai waɗanda suka kafa abin da ake kira Tragic Pleiad . [1] Ɗaya daga cikin bala'in da ya yi (ko watakila wasan satyr), Astragalistai ("Knucklebone-players"), ya bayyana kisan wani ɗan ɗalibi da matashi Patroklos ya yi. [2][3] Alexander kuma ya rubuta epics ko epyllia, wanda wasu sunaye da gajerun raguwa suka tsira: Haliyu ("Fisherman"), game da allahn teku Glaukos, da Krika ko Kirka (watakila "Circe"?) Misali mafi tsawo na aikinsa shine sashi na layi 34 daga Apollo, waka a cikin elegiac couplets, wanda ke ba da labarin Antheus da Cleoboea.[4][5][6] Wasu 'yan wasu raguwa na elegiac wasu marubuta sun nakalto, kuma ana ɗaukar rubutun biyu a cikin Anthology na Girkanci yawanci aikinsa. [7][8] Tsohon tushe sun kuma bayyana shi a matsayin marubucin kinaidoi (ma'anar lalata, wanda aka sani da "Waƙoƙin Ionic") a cikin hanyar Sotades.[9] Wani ɗan gajeren yanki a cikin Tetrameters na anapestic ya kwatanta halin Euripides da ingancin zuma na shayensa.[10] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] obf2h7c0sq47r1l173904jyt4qnjysa 0 138162 888047 782883 2026-07-27T09:53:09Z BnHamid 12586 888047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hideaki Utsumi (内海 秀明, Utsumi Hideaki), wanda aka fi sani da Tono2097, ɗan wasan bidiyo ne na Japan, injiniyan sauti, mawaƙi, YouTuber, kuma mawaƙi, kuma a halin yanzu malami ne a [[:ja:HAL_(専門学校)|HAL Osaka]], makarantar sana'a a [[Osaka|Osaka, Japan]]. <ref name="HALOsakaBlog">{{Cite web |date=20 January 2017 |title=突撃！HALの先生ってどんな人？vol.３ ～ゲームサウンドクリエイター～ |url=https://blog.hal.ac.jp/osaka/6351.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103034137/https://blog.hal.ac.jp/osaka/6351.html |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=HAL Osaka Blog |publisher=HAL Osaka |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref name="HALOsakaMusicDepartment">{{Cite web |title=ミュージック学科 昼間部／4年制 |url=https://www.hal.ac.jp/osaka/course/music |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=HAL Osaka |language=Japanese |quote=指導分野:サウンドエンジニアリング・MIDI}}</ref> An fi saninsa da ƙirar sauti don jerin wasannin bidiyo na Resident Evil, da tashar [[YouTube]]. Utsumi kuma yana da rabin duo na kiɗa mT tare da Tanaka Hit, yana wasa da maɓallin keyboard da kuma halittar ƙungiyar, sandar MIDI, wanda aka kirkira daga masu kula da wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="originalsoundversion">{{Cite web |last=Napolitano |first=Jayson |date=2009-12-29 |title=Mass Exodus From Capcom Part 3: Interview With Hideaki Utsumi |url=http://www.originalsoundversion.com/mass-exodus-from-capcom-part-3-interview-with-hidaeki-utsumi/ |access-date=2021-08-22}}</ref> Utsumi ya yi aiki a sashen ƙirar sauti na Capcom na tsawon shekaru 14. Ya bar a shekara ta 2009 don koyarwa a [[:ja:HAL_(専門学校)|Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta HAL Osaka]] . <ref name="originalsoundversion">{{Cite web |last=Napolitano |first=Jayson |date=2009-12-29 |title=Mass Exodus From Capcom Part 3: Interview With Hideaki Utsumi |url=http://www.originalsoundversion.com/mass-exodus-from-capcom-part-3-interview-with-hidaeki-utsumi/ |access-date=2021-08-22}}</ref> Ya auri tsohon abokin aiki na Capcom Saori Maeda, wanda ya hada sauti na Resident Evil 3: Nemesis tare da Masami Ueda . [1][2] == Tsuntsaye == A cikin 2021, bidiyon da aka ɗauka kuma aka ɗora shi a [[Instagram]] na Gumi, wani labari mai ban sha'awa mallakar Utsumi, ya zama sananne a Intanet, ya zama tushen tushen Intanet. A cikin makonni bayan da aka buga bidiyon, tashar [[YouTube]] ta Utsumi za ta wuce masu biyan kuɗi 200,000 kuma ta tara ra'ayoyin tashar sama da miliyan 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hideaki Utsumi |url=https://www.youtube.com/post/Ugkx54XUeo1JrueN8_ge2fk2KflFE_UZCs_O |access-date=2021-11-09 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Baya ga Gumi, Utsumi ta mallaki wasu tsuntsaye guda uku: Lemon, tsuntsu mai baƙar fata; Kiwi, macaw harlequin; da Kohaku, fararen cockatoo.[1] Utsumi kuma tana da baƙar fata mai suna Kuromi, wanda ya mutu ne saboda abubuwan da ba a sani ba a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2021.[2] == Jerin ayyukan == * Mazaunin Mugunta (1996) * ''Mazaunin Mugunta 2'' (1998) * El Dorado Gate (2000) <ref name="originalsoundversion">{{Cite web |last=Napolitano |first=Jayson |date=2009-12-29 |title=Mass Exodus From Capcom Part 3: Interview With Hideaki Utsumi |url=http://www.originalsoundversion.com/mass-exodus-from-capcom-part-3-interview-with-hidaeki-utsumi/ |access-date=2021-08-22}}</ref> * ''Iblis Zai Iya Kuka'' (2001) * ''Hasumiyar Tsaro 3'' (2002) * ''Resident Evil (GameCube remake) '' (2002) * Mega Man X: Ofishin Jakadancin (2004) * Gilashin Rose (2004) * Ƙasar Haunting (2005) * Resident Evil: Mutuwar Shiru (2006) * ''Mega Man Powered Up'' (2006) * ''Mazaunin Mugunta 5'' (2009) == Bayanan da aka yi == * V.A. / KIVANDELYAN (1996) * V.A. / - natsu - (1997) * mT / Daydream (1999) * Ya yi wasa a gaban * Littafin u-man -awaji- * Kohaku Kira Cthulhu (2025) * Lemon Chan Cha Cha (2025) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] esq60lgz08opl8qfu2v9e98v3xv3zwp 0 140816 887914 796099 2026-07-26T21:39:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''LALMA''' ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wadda ba ta neman riba ba wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1999 don mayar da martani ga buƙatar albarkatun da ke yaren Sifaniyanci kan [[Musulunci]] . Da farko, LALMA tana wakiltar '''Ƙungiyar Musulman Latino ta Los Angeles''', amma bayan sake fasalinta don daidaita ci gabanta, an sake canza sunan LALMA zuwa '''La Asociacion Latino Musulmana de America''' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-30 |title=Hispanics are Embracing Islam in America |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ljgp7cNG_zw |access-date=2017-01-07 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anthony Chiorazzi |date=2007-05-08 |title=From Cross to Crescent |url=http://bustedhalo.com/features/from-cross-to-crescent |access-date=2017-01-07 |publisher=Busted Halo}}</ref> LALMA ta fara ne da ƙungiyar Musulmai biyar 'yan Latino daga [[Los Angeles]] ƙarƙashin jagorancin Marta Felicitas Galedary ta fara yin tarurruka akai-akai don koyo game da Musulunci a cikin harshen Sifaniyanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief History of LALMA |url=http://www.lalma.net/quienes-somos/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108093924/http://www.lalma.net/quienes-somos/ |archive-date=2017-01-08 |access-date=2017-01-07 |website=lalma.net}}</ref> Ƙungiyar nazarin Musulunci mai magana da Sifaniyanci ta fara haɗuwa a Cibiyar Musulunci ta Kudancin California . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Emerging Latino Muslim Community in America (2003) |url=https://hwpi.harvard.edu/pluralismarchive/emerging-latino-muslim-community-america-2003 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=hwpi.harvard.edu |language=en |archive-date=2025-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207172311/https://hwpi.harvard.edu/pluralismarchive/emerging-latino-muslim-community-america-2003 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=TimelineJS Embed |url=https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1ZOzMsGVspcvtVM9ToQaDR2XZTgW8GXL_UEfbGQwZJm8&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=cdn.knightlab.com}}</ref> Kowace safiyar Lahadi, membobin LALMA suna taruwa don halartar darussan [[Larabci]], suna karɓar koyarwa kan [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alƙur'ani]] da tarihin rayuwar [[Muhammad]] ( sirah ), da kuma tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi Musulmai da suka tuba. <ref name="reddy">{{Cite web |last=Mrinalini Reddy |date=2007-08-23 |title=Even as Islam Booms, Its Many Faces Can Deter Converts |url=https://news21.com/story/2007/08/22/even_as_islam_booms_its |access-date=2017-01-07 |publisher=Medill Journalism}}</ref> Suna yin laccoci na baƙi akai-akai kan fannoni daban-daban na Musulunci, suna haɗuwa a masallatai daban-daban a Kudancin California. Suna kuma ba da darussan CPR, taimakon gaggawa, da darussan tsaron al'umma da kuma ba da shawara ga matasa da tallafi ga shirye-shiryen dawaki na Latino. LALMA tana ɗaukar nauyin tarurruka kamar tarurruka kan tushen Musulunci na Spain da ayyukan shekara-shekara a lokacin Ramadan . <ref name="amel">{{Cite web |last=Amel S. Abdullah |date=2006-02-01 |title=Latino Reverts Add to Mosaic of Islam |url=http://hispanicmuslims.com/articles/islammosaic.html |access-date=2017-01-07 |publisher=Southern California InFocus}}</ref> <ref name="ma">{{Cite web |last=Jason Ma |date=2010-03-04 |title=Latino Muslim Community On The Rise In U.S. |url=http://www.neontommy.com/2010/03/latino-muslim-community-contin |access-date=2017-01-07 |publisher=Annenberg Media Center}}</ref> == Manazarta == 7nl1r0swibn1jabh8i2m0vogmqhuvxv 0 141199 888032 797081 2026-07-27T09:43:43Z BnHamid 12586 888032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abū Sahl Bishr ibn al-Muʿtamir ibn Bishr al-Ḥilālī''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 825) masanin tauhidin Muʿtazilite-Zaydite ne kuma wanda ya kafa makarantar Bishriyya a Baghdad.  == Rayuwa == Ba a san inda aka haifi Bishr ba. Baghdad, [[Kufa|Kūfa]] da [[Basra|Baṣra]] duk an gabatar da su. Hakazalika, ba a san ranar haihuwarsa ba, kodayake tsoho ne a lokacin mutuwarsa. Ya yi karatun Muʿtazilite {{Lang|ar|[[kalām]]}} (tauhidin) a Baṣra a ƙarƙashin Bishr ibn Saʿīd, Abū ʿUthmān al-Zaʿfarānī da [[Muʿammar ibn ʿAbbād al-Sulamī]] . Daga baya ya koma Baghdad don koyarwa. Daga cikin fitattun ɗalibansa sune Thumāma ibn Ashras da [[Abū Mūsā al-Murdār]]. A Baghdad, Bishr ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sayar da bayi. Ya kasance mai wa'azi na Zaydite, wanda ya taɓa yin alkawarin juyar da mutane biyu a kowace rana, kuma mai ba da shawara game da ''[[jihadi]]'', wanda ke ba da kuɗin mayaƙa. Khalifa Hārūn al-Rashīd (r. 786-809), abokin adawar Muʿtazilism, ya daure Bishr saboda zarginsa na Rāfiḍī. Bishr ya musanta zargin. A kurkuku, ya rubuta ayoyi 40,000 game da adalci, allahntaka ɗaya da barazanar hukunci. Sun bazu ko'ina kuma sun kara tasirinsa, don haka Khalifa ya sake shi. Ya kasance abokin mai kula da Khalifa, Faḍl ibn Yaḥyā . Daga baya ya shiga kotun Khalifa al-Maʾmūn a Merv . <ref name="EIO" /> A cewar al-Qalqashandī, Bishr ya sanya hannu kan dokar 817 ta Khalifa wanda ya kira [[Ali ar-Ridha|ʿAlī al-Riḍā]] a matsayin magajinsa. <ref name="CMRO" /><ref name="EIO" /> == Ayyuka == Ibn al-Nadīm ya danganta lakabi 24 ga Bishr, galibi ayyukan jayayya. Sauran marubutan sun ambaci wasu lakabi 25. Yawancin ayyukansa na tauhidi sun kasance a cikin aya. Sai kawai waƙoƙi guda biyu (''qaṣīda'') game da abubuwan al'ajabi na halitta, gami da rayuwar kwari, an kiyaye su a cikin ''Ḥayawān'' na al-Jāḥiẓ.<ref name="BEIP" /> Sauran an san su ne kawai daga raguwa da aka nakalto a wasu ayyukan Muʿtazilite, kamar ''Kitāb al-Intiṣār'' na [[ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ibn Muḥammad al-Khayyāṭ|al-Khayyāṭ]] . <ref name="BEIP" /> Ya rubuta litattafai yana sukar abokan aikinsa na Muʿtazilite, kamar Abū l-Hudhayl, kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya karyata [[Kiristanci]], Yahudanci, Kharijism da [[Zoroastra|Zoroastrianism]]. Ya rubuta, a cikin aya, daya daga cikin ayyukan farko da ke da niyyar tabbatar da annabcin Muhammadu.<ref name="CMRO" /> Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da Ibn al-Nadīm ya danganta shi ne versification na ''Kalīla wa-Dimna'' . <ref name="EIO" /> Bishr an fi saninsa da ra'ayinsa na 'aikin da aka haifar' (tawallud), wanda ke nufin tasirin da aka haifar ko ya haifar da aikin nufin ɗan adam amma ba su da kansu kai tsaye. Ya dauki mutane da alhakin halin kirki game da tasirin da nufin su ya kawo. Ya yi imanin cewa nufin ɗan adam ya kasance mai zaman kansa daga Allah, wanda ya haifar da zarge-zargen [[Kafirai|rashin gaskatawa]], kodayake ainihin dalilinsa ya zama don kauce wa zargi Allah da mugunta. Bishr ya yi rajista ga ra'ayin Zaydite na imamate. Ya ɗauki [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|ʿAlī]] a matsayin mafi girma a tsakanin sahabbansa na Muḥammad kuma ya yarda da halayensa, amma ya bambanta mafi girma daga haƙƙin maye gurbin. Ya ki amincewa da halattacciyar shekaru shida da suka gabata na Khalifancin [[Usman Ibn Affan|ʿUthmān]]. A siyasance, shi [[Shi'a|Shīʿī]] ne. Ya ɗauki Khawārij a matsayin 'yan tawaye.<ref name="EIO" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 6odl4urkzeshp641t61zesbrojzdohj 0 142939 887965 887477 2026-07-27T05:10:43Z Mahuta 11340 887965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lydia Manley Henry''' DSc (30 Yuni 1891 - 27 Maris 1985) ita ce mace ta farko da ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin kiwon lafiya daga Jami'ar Sheffield . Ta yi aiki tare da Asibitocin Mata na Scotland don Ayyukan Kasashen Waje a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] . Gwamnatin Faransa ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Croix de Guerre . Don rubutunta game da [[gangrene]], bisa ga kwarewarta a lokacin yaƙi, an ba ta digiri na MD, mace ta farko da ta kammala karatu tare da wannan digiri daga Jami'ar Sheffield . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Lydia Henry a Macduff, Scotland . Ita 'yar William Paterson Henry ce (1853-1894) da matarsa Elizabeth Dawson Murdoch (1856-1946). Mahaifinta ya mutu daga [[tarin fuka]] lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu. Mahaifiyarta ta koma [[Sheffield]] ta bar 'yarta ta haife ta a mahaifiyarta a Macduff. A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, ta koma Sheffield don shiga mahaifiyarta, wacce ta fara aiki a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai a Sheffield kuma a cikin 1905, ta zama Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin Koyarwa ta Birni. A wannan lokacin, ta ji cewa za ta iya kula da 'yarta. Henry ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Sheffield don 'yan mata. Ta shiga makarantar likitancin Jami'ar Sheffield a 1909. A watan Yunin shekarar 1916, ta kammala karatu tare da MB ChB, kuma tare da abokiyar ɗalibarta, [[Florence Elizabeth Millard]], su ne mata na farko da suka sami digiri na likita daga jami'ar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lydia Henry Documents MS 110 |url=https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.540503!/file/LydiaHenry.pdf |website=University of Sheffield Special Collections |access-date=2026-03-04 |archive-date=2019-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503133645/https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.540503!/file/LydiaHenry.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kashegari ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin likitan asibiti a Sheffield . <ref name=":0" /> == Ayyukan likita == Henry ya ci gaba da ƙwarewa wajen aiki a matsayin jami'in gida a Sheffield Royal Infirmary da Sheffield Real Hospital. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, ya zama da sauƙi ga mata likitoci su sami matsayi a asibitocin koyarwa, yayin da likitocin maza da yawa ke aiki a cikin sojoji. Kwarewarta ta haɗa da aiki a asibitin mata na Sheffield Royal Infirmary don cututtukan venereal, mace ta farko da ta yi hakan.<ref name=":0"/> Kashegari bayan kammala aikin jami'in gida kuma ya zama cikakke ya cancanci yin aikin likita, Henry ya shiga Asibitocin Mata na Scotland don Ayyukan Kasashen Waje (SWH), yana aiki a asibitin da aka kafa a Royaumont Abbey, arewa maso gabashin [[Faris|Paris]]. Ta isa a watan Yulin shekarar 1917 kuma ita ce likita mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ma'aikatan. A can, a matsayin mataimakiyar likitan tiyata, tana kula da unguwar Blanche de Castille . <ref name="Crofton1999" /> Daga baya ta yi aiki a asibitin SWH da ke Villers-Cotterêts, wanda ke kula da sojojin Faransa maimakon na Burtaniya. Bayan yakin gwamnatin Faransa ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Croix de Guerre . <ref name=":0"/> Bayan yakin, Henry ta yi aiki a kan rubutun MD, wanda ya kasance a kan gangrene, bisa ga abubuwan da ta samu tare da yanayin a Royaumont. Tare da wannan rubutun, a cikin 1920 ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Sheffield tare da digiri na MD, mace ta farko da ta yi hakan. Naɗin a matsayin mataimakin jami'in kiwon lafiya na Blackburn, Lancashire, ya biyo baya. Nasararta a wannan mukamin ta haifar da nadin ta a matsayin shugabar Sashen Ayyukan Jama'a a Kwalejin Sarki don Mata na Jami'ar London, kuma ta ci gaba da zama memba na Majalisar Dattijai.[1] Henry ya yi hijira zuwa Kanada a shekarar 1925 kuma ya yi aure, ya zama Mrs J. Stewart Henry . Ta daina aiki a matsayin likita. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ta samar da tufafi ga ma'aikatan Minesweeper da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Faransa da ke aiki daga arewa maso gabashin Scotland. A shekara ta 1978, makarantar likitanci ta Jami'ar Edinburgh ta ba ta digiri na DSc, a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 150 da haihuwa. == Mutuwa da gado == Ta mutu a Saint John, New Brunswick, Kanada, a ranar 27 ga watan Maris shekarar 1985. An gina wani abin tunawa da ita a wurin haihuwarta, Macduff, Scotland . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lydia Manley Henry {{!}} Sheffield Girls’ School |url=https://www.sheffieldhighschool.org.uk/community/alumnae-network/alumnae-profiles/lydia-manley-henry/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=Sheffield Girls High School |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1891]] louf0b8rv09qu911tq1glhq3luazmbx 0 143637 887952 815503 2026-07-27T04:45:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lilian Bader''' ( née '''Bailey''' ; 18 ga Fabrairu 1918 - 14 ga Maris 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bourne |first=Stephen |date=21 March 2023 |title=Bader [née Bailey], Lilian Mary |url=https://doi-org.ezphost.dur.ac.uk/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.110326 |url-access=registration |website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publication-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> ) ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka shiga rundunar sojojin Birtaniya . <ref name="Voice">{{Cite web |last=Bourne |first=Stephen |author-link= |date=18 March 2015 |title=Obituary: War hero Lilian Bader (1918-2015) |url=http://www.voice-online.co.uk/article/obituary-war-hero-lilian-bader-1918-2015 |access-date=13 April 2015 |website=voice-online.co.uk }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Lilian Bader |url=http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/teacher/history/served/lilian_bader_story/lilian_story1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184246/http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/teacher/history/served/lilian_bader_story/lilian_story1.htm |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=31 January 2016 |website=Bgfl.org}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lilian Bader a lamba 19 Upper Stanhope Street a yankin Toxteth na [[Liverpool]] ga Marcus Bailey, wani ɗan kasuwan jirgin ruwa daga [[Barbados]] wanda ya yi aiki a [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]], kuma uwa ce 'yar asalin Burtaniya wadda aka haifa daga dangin Irish. <ref name="Voice"/> A shekarar 1927, Bader da 'yan'uwanta biyu sun zama marayu lokacin da mahaifinsu ya mutu. Tana da shekaru 9 aka raba ta da 'yan'uwanta aka sanya ta a gidan sufi, inda ta zauna har sai da ta kai shekara 20. [1] :176 Bader ta bayyana cewa yana da wuya a sami aiki 'saboda asalin mahaifinta: "An jinkirta fitar da ni daga bangon gidan sufi. Ni rabin 'yar Indiya ce ta Yamma, kuma babu wanda, har ma da firistoci, da ya isa ya yi barazanar yin izgili ta hanyar ɗaukar ni aiki." [2] :79 == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu == A shekarar 1939, a farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Bader ta shiga Cibiyoyin Sojojin Ruwa, Sojoji da Sojojin Sama (NAAFI) a sansanin Catterick, Yorkshire . An kore ta daga aiki bayan makonni bakwai lokacin da aka gano cewa mahaifinta ba a haife shi a Burtaniya ba. ^:177 A ranar 28 ga Maris 1941, ta shiga Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Mata (WAAF), bayan ta ji cewa Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Royal (RAF) tana ɗaukar 'yan asalin Yammacin Indiya. ^:177 Ta yi horo a fannin gyaran kayan aiki, wanda sana'a ce da aka buɗe wa mata. <ref name="Independent" /> Daga nan ta zama babbar mace a fannin jiragen sama kuma daga ƙarshe aka ƙara mata matsayi zuwa matsayin kofur . <ref name=":0" /> ^:177 A shekarar 1943, ta auri Ramsay Bader, direban tanki wanda ya yi aiki a rundunar sojoji ta 147 (Essex Yeomanry), Royal Artillery . An sallame ta daga aikinta cikin tausayi a watan Fabrairun 1944, lokacin da ta yi ciki da ɗanta na fari. <ref name="Independent" /> ^, ^:218 Daga ƙarshe, sun haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu tare, Geoffrey da Adrian. ^:177 == Rayuwa bayan yaƙi == Bayan yaƙin, Bader da mijinta sun ƙaura zuwa Northamptonshire don kula da iyalinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Historical figures |url=https://www.northamptonshireheritage.co.uk/learn/historical-figures/Pages/default.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724005806/https://www.northamptonshireheritage.co.uk/learn/historical-figures/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=2020-07-24 |access-date=2020-07-23 |website=Northamptonshire Heritage |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bader ta yi karatu don O-Levels da A-levels a azuzuwan yamma a shekarun 1960, sannan ta yi karatu a Jami'ar London inda ta sami digirin farko na Fasaha. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bourne |first=Stephen |date=2020 |title=Bader [née Bailey], Lilian Mary (1918–2015), Women's Auxiliary Air Force technician and teacher |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-110326 |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |language=en |doi=10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.110326 |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Bayan haka ta sami aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta. ^:218 == Gado == A shekarar 2018, don murnar cika shekaru 100 da samun 'yancin kaɗa ƙuri'a, jaridar ''The Voice'' ta saka Bader - tare da Kathleen Wrasama, Olive Morris, [[Connie Mark]], Fanny Eaton, Diane Abbott, [[Margaret Busby]], da [[Mary Seacole]] - a cikin mata baƙaƙe takwas waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Birtaniya. A watan Oktoba na 2020, an yi bikin tunawa da Bader ta hanyar buga wani rubutu a cikin ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' . <ref name=":3"/> Cathy Tyson ta jagoranci kuma ta yi rawar gani a wani ɗan gajeren fim, ''Lilian'' (2022). <ref>{{IMDb title|title=Lilian}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1918]] dd2o8fugjjbpgs7b1shawu4p37q21e8 0 145432 887926 815365 2026-07-26T23:38:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Laila Johnson-Salami''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Disamba 1996) 'yar jarida ce a Najeriya. Ta yi aiki da Spice TV, Nigeria Info FM, [[Wazobia FM|Wazobia Max TV]] da kuma wakiliya a [[Arise News]] . A shekarar 2022, ta sami lambar yabo ta UNDP / [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|UN]] Women International Women's Day Award don Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Nishaɗi kuma an zaɓe ta don lambar yabo ta 2022 ta Gatefield People's Journalist for Africa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-06 |title=Gatefield’s People Journalism Prize for Africa 2021 Nominees |url=http://gatefield.co/gatefields-people-journalism-prize-for-africa-2021-nominees/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Gatefield |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929031519/http://gatefield.co/gatefields-people-journalism-prize-for-africa-2021-nominees/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An san ta da aikinta wajen haɓaka daidaiton jinsi, ƙarfafa matasa, ayyukan yanayi da haɗa kan jama'a. Ita ce wacce ta kafa We Rise Initiative, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata kuma memba ce da ta kafa [[Feminist Coalition|ƙungiyar Feminist Coalition]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's Women Are a Powerful Collective. How Are They Changing History? |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/nigerian-women-history-change-feminist-coalition/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Johnson-Salami a Ibadan, Najeriya ga Abayomi Salami da Diana Yeside Johnson. [1] Kakanta, Lekan Salami babban ɗan kasuwa ne, mai kula da wasanni kuma ɗan siyasa, kuma goggon ta, Caroline Lee Johnson 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Birtaniya. [2] Laila ta girma a Najeriya da Birtaniya inda ta sami iliminta kuma ta sami digiri na farko a fannin siyasa da hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa daga Jami'ar Westminster . [3] A shekarar 2016, ta kafa We Rise Initiative tare da hadin gwiwar wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan karfafa mata gwiwa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-18 |title=LAILA JOHNSON SALAMI: My mum was the first feminist I ever knew |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/laila-johnson-salami-my-mum-was-the-first-feminist-i-ever-knew/ |access-date=2021-12-01 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta dawo Najeriya daga Burtaniya a shekarar 2017. A shekarar 2018, Johnson-Salami ta dauki nauyin wani shiri, ''On the Couch tare da Falz da Laila'', inda suka yi hira da masu neman takarar shugaban kasa a zaben 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=Watch Presidential aspirant Mr Olasubomi Okeowo Controversial Interview With Falz And Leila |url=https://guardian.ng/life/update-presidential-aspirant-mr-olasubomi-okeowo-pulls-out-after-controversial-interview-with-falz-and-leila/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=AfricanGlitz |title=Yele Sowore, Nigeria 2019 Presidential Aspirant sits “On the Couch with Falz & Laila” to discuss Nigeria |url=https://africanglitz.com/2018/09/24/yele-sowore-nigeria-2019-presidential-aspirant-sits-%e2%80%9con-the-couch-with-falz-laila%e2%80%9d-to-discuss-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722075937/https://africanglitz.com/2018/09/24/yele-sowore-nigeria-2019-presidential-aspirant-sits-%E2%80%9Con-the-couch-with-falz-laila%E2%80%9D-to-discuss-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekarar 2019, Johnson-Salami ta shiga Arise News a matsayin mai masaukin baki na ''The Morning Show'', kuma daga baya ta hada kai da shirin ''News Day na rana.'' Tun daga shekarar 2021, Johnson-Salami ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilin filin wasa a Arise News tana ba da rahotanni kan muhalli, kiwon lafiya da harkokin kasa da kasa. A shekarar 2021, Johnson-Salami ta shirya kuma ta gabatar da ''Go Wild'', wani shirin kare namun daji da ake watsawa a Arise News tare da hadin gwiwar kungiyar NGO ta kasa da kasa WildAid . <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Nigerian Laila Johnson-Salami has built a media career on what matters – About Her Culture |url=https://aboutherculture.com/how-nigerian-lalia-johnson-salami-has-built-a-media-career-that-matters/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, kwamitin bayar da kyaututtuka na ranar mata ta duniya ta UNDP/UN ya bayyana ta a matsayin "tauraro mai tasowa a fannin kafofin watsa labarai da aikin jarida wanda ke canza labarin da ya shafi daidaiton jinsi, karfafawa matasa gwiwa, ayyukan yanayi da kuma hada kan jama'a, tattaunawa daya bayan daya." Ita ce memba a cikin ƙungiyar Feminist Coalition, wata ƙungiya da ke fafutukar daidaita daidaito tsakanin mata a Najeriya. == Kyaututtuka == * Kyautar Ranar Mata ta Duniya ta UNDP/UN don Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Nishaɗi (2022) * Kyautar 'Yan Jarida ta Jama'ar Gatefield don Afirka (wanda aka zaɓa, 2022) * Kyautar Kyaututtukan Gaba don Aikin Jarida (wanda aka zaɓa, 2021) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-06 |title=Seven journalists nominated for Future Awards Africa |url=https://mediacareerng.org/2022/02/06/seven-journalists-nominated-for-future-awards-africa/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=Media Career Services |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722081159/https://mediacareerng.org/2022/02/06/seven-journalists-nominated-for-future-awards-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ghrylayzre9dsjqwgyy4wumkk9ea3o4 0 148191 888035 822121 2026-07-27T09:46:01Z BnHamid 12586 888035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mary Mūthoni Nyanjiru (? – 16 Maris 1922) mace ce ta Kikuyu [1] kuma ‘yar gwagwarmayar siyasar Kenya da aka tuna da jagorancin zanga-zangar bayan kama Harry Thuku, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwarta. An haifi Mūthoni Nyanjiru a Weithaga, Murang'a, Kenya, kodayake ba a rubuta kwanan wata ko shekarar haihuwarta ba. A lokacin da aka harbe ta kuma aka kashe ta a shekara ta 1922, tana zaune a Nairobi tare da diyarta Elizabeth Waruiru.[2] == Tarihi == Nyanjirū abokin tarayya ne kuma mai goyon bayan Harry Thuku . Thuku, sakatare da Ƙungiyar Matasan Kikuyu (daga baya aka sani da Ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka) <ref name="Wipper">{{Cite journal |last=Wipper |first=Audrey |date=1989 |title=Kikuyu Women and the Harry Thuku Disturbances: Some Uniformities of Female Militancy |journal=Africa |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=300–337 |doi=10.2307/1160230 |jstor=1160230 |s2cid=143304797}}</ref> an san shi a ko'ina cikin Kikuyuland a matsayin "shugaban mata" galibi saboda goyon bayansa na mata musamman game da batutuwan cin zarafin jiki da jima'i, da kuma tilasta aiki. == Harkokin rashin amincewar Harry Thuku == An kama Thuku a ranar 14 ga Maris 1922, saboda damuwa game da karuwar yaƙi da kuma karuwar yawan magoya bayansa.<ref name="Wipper">{{Cite journal |last=Wipper |first=Audrey |date=1989 |title=Kikuyu Women and the Harry Thuku Disturbances: Some Uniformities of Female Militancy |journal=Africa |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=300–337 |doi=10.2307/1160230 |jstor=1160230 |s2cid=143304797}}</ref> Kashegari bayan kama Thuku, EAA ta kira yajin aiki kuma dubban mutane sun yi tafiya cikin lumana zuwa ofishin 'yan sanda na Nairobi, inda ake tsare Thuku. Masu yajin aikin sun zo ne don nunawa da kuma tabbatar da sakin sa. Bayan sun yi addu'a don tsaron Thuku taron suka watse.<ref name="Wipper" /> A wannan maraice, mata masu goyon baya sun shiga cikin wani aiki da ake kira rantsuwa, al'ada ce ta maza kawai. Yin rantsuwa da mata ya saba wa al'adar Kikuyu saboda an dauki mata a matsayin marasa inganci kuma ba za su iya jimrewa da wahalar yin rantsuwa ba.<ref name="Turner & Brownhill 2002">{{Cite journal |last=Turner |first=Terisa E |last2=Brownhill |first2=Leigh S |year=2002 |title=Subsistence trade versus world trade: gendered class struggle in Kenya, 1992-2002 |url=https://cws.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cws/article/download/6569/5757 |journal=Canadian Woman Studies |pages=169–177}}</ref> Elizabeth Waruiru, a cikin labarinta game da abubuwan da suka faru a yammacin 15 ga Maris, mai suna James Njoroge, memba na Ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka (EAA) a matsayin mai ba da rantsuwa.<ref name="Wipper" /> An yi rantsuwa ga mata sama da 200 a cikin taron, a zahiri, ɗaure su don aiwatar da takamaiman shirin aiki.<ref name="Turner & Brownhill 2002">{{Cite journal |last=Turner |first=Terisa E |last2=Brownhill |first2=Leigh S |year=2002 |title=Subsistence trade versus world trade: gendered class struggle in Kenya, 1992-2002 |url=https://cws.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/cws/article/download/6569/5757 |journal=Canadian Woman Studies |pages=169–177}}</ref><ref name="Wipper">{{Cite journal |last=Wipper |first=Audrey |date=1989 |title=Kikuyu Women and the Harry Thuku Disturbances: Some Uniformities of Female Militancy |journal=Africa |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=300–337 |doi=10.2307/1160230 |jstor=1160230 |s2cid=143304797}}</ref> A tarihi, cibiyoyin gwamnati ba su yi amfani da rantsuwar kabilanci ba, EAA ita ce ta farko da ta yi hakan. Ko rantsuwa ta kara wayar da kan jama'a game da siyasa ko kuma horo, mata sun yi aiki cikin hadin kai washegari lokacin da ya bayyana cewa ba za a 'yantar da Thuku ba.<ref name="Wipper" /> A safiyar ranar 16 ga watan Maris, an zabi tawagar mutane shida daga cikin taron don saduwa da Sir Charles Bowring, Sakataren mulkin mallaka, wanda ya tabbatar musu cewa Thuku ba shi da haɗari kuma ana tsare shi ne kawai yayin jiran gwamnati ta ba shi cikakken sauraro. Gidan sauraron gwamnati zai yanke shawarar makomar Thuku. An ƙarfafa tawagar su koma taron don neman su warwatse cikin lumana. Bayan dawowarsu, sun sanar da cewa za a gwada Thuku maimakon a sake shi, sannan suka bukaci masu yajin aiki su koma gida. Kamar yadda mutane da yawa a cikin taron suka yi fushi, wannan bai yi amfani ba.<ref name="Wipper">{{Cite journal |last=Wipper |first=Audrey |date=1989 |title=Kikuyu Women and the Harry Thuku Disturbances: Some Uniformities of Female Militancy |journal=Africa |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=300–337 |doi=10.2307/1160230 |jstor=1160230 |s2cid=143304797}}</ref> A lokacin ne babban rukuni na mata masu tayar da hankali suka fara turawa da karfi zuwa ƙofar, wasu suna ihu ga maza cewa su matsoraci ne kuma suna zargin cin hanci ga tawagar. Da jin wannan, mutanen da suka fara warwatse sun canza tunaninsu kuma sun dawo.<ref name="Wipper" /><ref name="Mamas_Tibbets">{{Cite journal |last=Tibbetts |first=Alexandra |date=1994 |title=Mamas Fighting for Freedom in Kenya |journal=Africa Today |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=27–48 |jstor=4187015}}</ref> Mary Mūthoni Nyanjirū ta yi tsalle zuwa ƙafafunta, ta gudu zuwa gaban taron, ta ɗaga rigarta a kan kanta, ta yi ihu: "Ka ɗauki rigata ka ba ni wando. Ku maza ne matsoraci. Menene shugabansu a can. " <ref name="Wipper">{{Cite journal |last=Wipper |first=Audrey |date=1989 |title=Kikuyu Women and the Harry Thuku Disturbances: Some Uniformities of Female Militancy |journal=Africa |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=300–337 |doi=10.2307/1160230 |jstor=1160230 |s2cid=143304797}}</ref> Hanyar, da ake kira ''guturamira ng'ania'', babbar zagi ce tsakanin Kyu, waɗanda ke kallon ta a matsayin la'ana don ganin mace shekarun mahaifiyar mace ba a amfani da ita ba, ba a san cewa halin da maza ba ne, ba a matsayin alamar ƙyamar maza ba.<ref name="owaahh">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2016 |title=The Ageless Defiance of Muthoni Nyanjiru - Owaahh |url=https://owaahh.com/ageless-defiance-muthoni-nyanjiru/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126134940/https://owaahh.com/ageless-defiance-muthoni-nyanjiru/ |archive-date=26 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=Owaahh}}</ref> Yayin da ayyukan Nyanjirū suka bayyana, yawancin matan da suka halarci taron sun nuna amincewarsu a matsayin martani, kuma taron sun ci gaba har sai 'yan sanda ko askaris sun bude wuta. Nyanjirū na daga cikin mutanen farko da aka kashe.<ref name="Wipper" /> == Sakamakon haka == An ba da jimlar adadin matattu a cikin tushe daban-daban tsakanin ashirin da takwas zuwa sama da ɗari. Babu wata shaida da ta nuna cewa jami'an da ke kula da askaris sun umarce su da su harbe su, kodayake akwai asusun da ke nuna cewa askaris suna aiki na sa'o'i goma sha takwas a cikin zafi yayin da taron ke fuskantar tsangwama.<ref name="Wipper">{{Cite journal |last=Wipper |first=Audrey |date=1989 |title=Kikuyu Women and the Harry Thuku Disturbances: Some Uniformities of Female Militancy |journal=Africa |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=300–337 |doi=10.2307/1160230 |jstor=1160230 |s2cid=143304797}}</ref> An ba da adadin wadanda suka mutu a matsayin 'yan Afirka ashirin da daya da aka kashe, hudu daga cikinsu mata ne kuma wasu ashirin da takwas sun ji rauni. Labarin Thuku na ranar, bayan ya ga abubuwan da suka faru daga tantanin kurkukunsa, ya ba da labarin cewa yayin da 'yan sanda suka harbe daga gaba, wasu mazauna Turai da suka taru a Otal din Norfolk sun fara harbi cikin taron daga baya.<ref name="Wipper" /> Sauran asusun sun tabbatar da da'awar Thuku; mazauna suna shan giya a kan veranda na otal ɗin kusa da wurin kuma sun shiga cikin harbi kuma suna da alhakin yawancin mutuwar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ekechi |first=Felix K. |date=1996 |title=Perceiving Women as Catalysts |journal=Africa Today |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=235–249 |jstor=4187107}}</ref> Ba a san komai game da sauran matan da ke da hannu, har ma da kashewa, a cikin rikice-rikicen Harry Thuku, kuma Nyanjirū ita ce kawai mace wacce ke da wani bayani na baya. Ita ce kadai mace da aka ambaci sunanta a cikin zanga-zangar. Maza da ke da alaƙa da zanga-zangar suna da sunayensu da aka rubuta game da wannan lamarin, yayin da mata galibi ba a san su ba.<ref name="Wipper">{{Cite journal |last=Wipper |first=Audrey |date=1989 |title=Kikuyu Women and the Harry Thuku Disturbances: Some Uniformities of Female Militancy |journal=Africa |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=300–337 |doi=10.2307/1160230 |jstor=1160230 |s2cid=143304797}}</ref> == Kyauta == Mary Mūthoni Nyanjirū ta ɗan canji nan take ga mulkin mallaka, har yanzu, ana tunawa da ita a matsayin jarumi a cikin al'adun gargajiya, waƙa da shayari. Waƙar ''Kanyegenuri'', tana tunawa da ayyukan da jaruntaka na Nyanjirū kuma an rera ta a lokacin juriyar [[Tawayen Mau Mau|Mau Mau]] a matsayin taken adawa.<ref name="Wipper">{{Cite journal |last=Wipper |first=Audrey |date=1989 |title=Kikuyu Women and the Harry Thuku Disturbances: Some Uniformities of Female Militancy |journal=Africa |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=300–337 |doi=10.2307/1160230 |jstor=1160230 |s2cid=143304797}}</ref> An haramta wannan da sauran waƙoƙin jaruman mata na Afirka saboda an dauke su barazanar siyasa. An sake tunawa da Nyanjirū a cikin waka "Mother Afrika's Matriots", inda aya ta shafi Nyanjirū ta karanta: "Mary Mūthoni Nyanjirū wacce ta sake kunna dutsen wuta na ma'aikata".<ref name="poem">{{Cite journal |last=Mugo |first=Micere G. |author-link=Micere Githae Mugo |date=1996 |title=Poem: Mother Afrika's Matriots |journal=African Journal of Political Science |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=99–102 |jstor=23489747}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an nuna labarin Nyanjirū a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji game da jarumai da jarumai na Kenya mai taken Too Early for Birds .''Da wuri-wuri ga tsuntsaye.'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Wikiquote-inline}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hepckahd4igyiv6llbrghkb47jxltuq 0 148275 887719 876409 2026-07-26T14:01:45Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301273627|Bookshop House]]" 887719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan Littattafai''' (wanda kuma ake kira CSS Bookshop) <ref name="style">{{Cite web |last=B Prucnal Ogunsote |title=The International Style in Nigeria |url=http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912053054/http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |access-date=November 6, 2016 |website=Journal of Environmental Technology}}</ref> gini ne a [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] wanda ke yankin Arewa maso Gabas na titin Broad a titin Odunlami. [[John Godwin da Gillian Hopwood|Godwin da Hopwood Architects]] ne suka tsara shi <ref name="style" /> kuma aka gina shi a shekarar 1973. 4ae10b3q66mu5dqcrfbyl1zknzhybeq 887720 887719 2026-07-26T14:01:54Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301273627|Bookshop House]]" 887720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan Littattafai''' (wanda kuma ake kira CSS Bookshop) <ref name="style">{{Cite web |last=B Prucnal Ogunsote |title=The International Style in Nigeria |url=http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912053054/http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |access-date=November 6, 2016 |website=Journal of Environmental Technology}}</ref> gini ne a [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] wanda ke yankin Arewa maso Gabas na titin Broad a titin Odunlami. [[John Godwin da Gillian Hopwood|Godwin da Hopwood Architects]] ne suka tsara shi <ref name="style" /> kuma aka gina shi a shekarar 1973. [[Fayil:Church_Missionary_Society_Bookshop_Lagos_c.1938.png|left|thumb| Waje na Shagon Littattafai na CMS a Legas kimanin shekara ta 1938]] 89cbjlhppezdjm6okm2zfv8wppy9yru 887721 887720 2026-07-26T14:02:06Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301273627|Bookshop House]]" 887721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan Littattafai''' (wanda kuma ake kira CSS Bookshop) <ref name="style">{{Cite web |last=B Prucnal Ogunsote |title=The International Style in Nigeria |url=http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912053054/http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |access-date=November 6, 2016 |website=Journal of Environmental Technology}}</ref> gini ne a [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] wanda ke yankin Arewa maso Gabas na titin Broad a titin Odunlami. [[John Godwin da Gillian Hopwood|Godwin da Hopwood Architects]] ne suka tsara shi <ref name="style" /> kuma aka gina shi a shekarar 1973. [[Fayil:Church_Missionary_Society_Bookshop_Lagos_c.1938.png|left|thumb| Waje na Shagon Littattafai na CMS a Legas kimanin shekara ta 1938]] == Bayani == 51vgyuhjnn6iw75jttp9ur06z23a1iv 887722 887721 2026-07-26T14:02:16Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301273627|Bookshop House]]" 887722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan Littattafai''' (wanda kuma ake kira CSS Bookshop) <ref name="style">{{Cite web |last=B Prucnal Ogunsote |title=The International Style in Nigeria |url=http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912053054/http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |access-date=November 6, 2016 |website=Journal of Environmental Technology}}</ref> gini ne a [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] wanda ke yankin Arewa maso Gabas na titin Broad a titin Odunlami. [[John Godwin da Gillian Hopwood|Godwin da Hopwood Architects]] ne suka tsara shi <ref name="style" /> kuma aka gina shi a shekarar 1973. [[Fayil:Church_Missionary_Society_Bookshop_Lagos_c.1938.png|left|thumb| Waje na Shagon Littattafai na CMS a Legas kimanin shekara ta 1938]] == Bayani == Lokacin da masu wa'azin CMS suka isa Najeriya a shekarun 1850, wasu sun sauka a Marina, Legas inda suka buɗe wani ƙaramin shago da ke sayar da Littafi Mai Tsarki da sauran labaran Kirista. Daga baya an sayi ginin da ke ɗauke da shagon kuma aka gina sabon gini a shekarar 1927, Bishop Melville Jones ne ya keɓe wannan ginin. Kamfanin CMS daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa CSS, Cocin da Makarantu Masu Kaya. <ref name=":0" /> An rushe ginin da ya gabata kuma an gina gidan Bookshop na yanzu a shekarar 1973. <ref name=":0" /> czjaaqwmje80dpo1wxkm29jxlijyrbb 887723 887722 2026-07-26T14:02:46Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 887723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidan Littattafai''' (wanda kuma ake kira CSS Bookshop) <ref name="style">{{Cite web |last=B Prucnal Ogunsote |title=The International Style in Nigeria |url=http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912053054/http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |access-date=November 6, 2016 |website=Journal of Environmental Technology}}</ref> gini ne a [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] wanda ke yankin Arewa maso Gabas na titin Broad a titin Odunlami. [[John Godwin da Gillian Hopwood|Godwin da Hopwood Architects]] ne suka tsara shi <ref name="style" /> kuma aka gina shi a shekarar 1973. [[Fayil:Church_Missionary_Society_Bookshop_Lagos_c.1938.png|left|thumb| Waje na Shagon Littattafai na CMS a Legas kimanin shekara ta 1938]] == Bayani == Lokacin da masu wa'azin CMS suka isa Najeriya a shekarun 1850, wasu sun sauka a Marina, Legas inda suka buɗe wani ƙaramin shago da ke sayar da Littafi Mai Tsarki da sauran labaran Kirista. Daga baya an sayi ginin da ke ɗauke da shagon kuma aka gina sabon gini a shekarar 1927, Bishop Melville Jones ne ya keɓe wannan ginin. Kamfanin CMS daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa CSS, Cocin da Makarantu Masu Kaya. <ref name=":0" /> An rushe ginin da ya gabata kuma an gina gidan Bookshop na yanzu a shekarar 1973. <ref name=":0" /> 5ddlsx777zcujqcz760ipu293kv5nrc 887724 887723 2026-07-26T14:03:10Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 887724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidan Littattafai''' (wanda kuma ake kira CSS Bookshop) <ref name="style">{{Cite web |last=B Prucnal Ogunsote |title=The International Style in Nigeria |url=http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912053054/http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/FUTY-AR-403/Lecture%2520Notes/The%2520International%2520Style%2520in%2520Nigerian%2520Architecture%2520070205i.pdf |archive-date=September 12, 2022 |access-date=November 6, 2016 |website=Journal of Environmental Technology}}</ref> gini ne a [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] wanda ke yankin Arewa maso Gabas na titin Broad a titin Odunlami. [[John Godwin da Gillian Hopwood|Godwin da Hopwood Architects]] ne suka tsara shi <ref name="style" /> kuma aka gina shi a shekarar 1973. [[Fayil:Church_Missionary_Society_Bookshop_Lagos_c.1938.png|left|thumb| Waje na Shagon Littattafai na CMS a Legas kimanin shekara ta 1938]] == Bayani == Lokacin da masu wa'azin CMS suka isa Najeriya a shekarun 1850, wasu sun sauka a Marina, Legas inda suka buɗe wani ƙaramin shago da ke sayar da Littafi Mai Tsarki da sauran labaran Kirista. Daga baya an sayi ginin da ke ɗauke da shagon kuma aka gina sabon gini a shekarar 1927, Bishop Melville Jones ne ya keɓe wannan ginin. Kamfanin CMS daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa CSS, Cocin da Makarantu Masu Kaya. <ref name=":0" /> An rushe ginin da ya gabata kuma an gina gidan Bookshop na yanzu a shekarar 1973. <ref name=":0" /> ==Manazarta 62nz6iq0hclw959ummttlv2jk1op1g8 0 148282 888069 822654 2026-07-27T10:07:05Z BnHamid 12586 888069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fiona Lortan''' 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ce wacce ita ce Mataimakin Wakilin Musamman na Shugaban Hukumar AU (DSRCC) na [[Somaliya]] da Mataimakin Shugaban Ofishin Jakadancin. Ta hau wannan mukamin a watan Fabrairun 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kithumbu |first=Alex |date=2022-06-03 |title=Fiona Lortan |url=https://atmis-au.org/fiona-lortan-deputy-special-representative-of-the-au-commission-chairperson-dsrcc-for-somalia/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=African Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=panyo |date=2022-03-24 |title=La Commission de l'Union Africaine nomme Mme Fiona Lortan au poste de Représentante Spéciale Adjointe en Somalie |url=https://atmis-au.org/fr/african-union-commission-appoints-ms-fiona-lortan-as-the-deputy-special-representative-to-somalia/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=(EN) African Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Fiona a Afirka ta Kudu. Tana da Digiri na farko a fannin adabi daga Jama'a'ar Kwa-Zulu Natal da ke [[Durban]], Afirka ta Kudu da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin zamantakewa da siyasa daga Jami'an Cambridge, Ingila.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kithumbu |first=Alex |date=2022-06-03 |title=Fiona Lortan |url=https://atmis-au.org/fiona-lortan-deputy-special-representative-of-the-au-commission-chairperson-dsrcc-for-somalia/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=African Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=panyo |date=2022-03-24 |title=La Commission de l'Union Africaine nomme Mme Fiona Lortan au poste de Représentante Spéciale Adjointe en Somalie |url=https://atmis-au.org/fr/african-union-commission-appoints-ms-fiona-lortan-as-the-deputy-special-representative-to-somalia/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=(EN) African Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ta fara aikinta tare da [[Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka]] daga Mayu 2002. Ta rike mukamai daban-daban don tabbatar da zaman lafiya da tsaro a nahiyar. Kwanan nan ta kasance mukaddashin darakta na Gudanar da Rikicin a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Siyasa, Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro (PAPS) kuma ta yi aiki a kan AMISOM . Ta taba aiki a [[Khartoum]], [[Sudan]], a matsayin memba na Babban Kwamitin AU kan Aiwatarwa ga Sudan da [[Sudan ta Kudu]], karkashin jagorancin tsohon Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu, [[Thabo Mbeki]] . <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> A halin yanzu ita ce Mataimakin Wakilin Musamman na Shugaban Hukumar AU (DSRCC) na [[Somaliya]] da Mataimakin Shugaban Ofishin Jakadancin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kithumbu |first=Alex |date=2022-06-03 |title=Fiona Lortan |url=https://atmis-au.org/fiona-lortan-deputy-special-representative-of-the-au-commission-chairperson-dsrcc-for-somalia/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=African Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=panyo |date=2022-03-24 |title=La Commission de l'Union Africaine nomme Mme Fiona Lortan au poste de Représentante Spéciale Adjointe en Somalie |url=https://atmis-au.org/fr/african-union-commission-appoints-ms-fiona-lortan-as-the-deputy-special-representative-to-somalia/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=(EN) African Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9vlj4p33z3q8arqkx0vsa7wricyj19e 0 148645 888038 827273 2026-07-27T09:48:27Z BnHamid 12586 888038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Venitia Govender 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ce [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|Mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam]]. Ta shiga cikin [[bincike]], lobbying da bayar da shawarwari, saka idanu da kalubalantar ingantawa da kare haƙƙoƙi a yankin [[Kudancin Afirka]] sama da shekaru 20. A cikin shekarun 1980 ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Durban-Westville . A farkon shekarun da suka gabata, a lokacin da tashin hankali ya yi yawa a lokacin sauyawa a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], ta tsara kungiyar sa ido kan tashin hankali mai zaman kanta, Peace Action . Ita ce mai kula da farko na 'yan sanda da fursunoni na 'yanci (POPCRU) sannan kuma mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga Sakatariyar Tsaro da Tsaro ta Gauteng. Venitia ya shafe shekaru uku a matsayin Darakta na Kasa na [[Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam]] kafin ya zama [[Independent consultant|mai ba da shawara mai zaman kansa]] kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam, shugabanci da samar da zaman lafiya, yana aiki a duk yankin [[Kudancin Afirka]]. A wannan lokacin ta shirya rahotanni na kwata-kwata game da "yanayin inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da kariya" a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da kuma bita na kwata na kwata game da rawar da aiwatar da umarnin cibiyoyin haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Kudancin Afirka. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata Venitia ta shiga cikin sake kafa alaƙar hadin kai tsakanin [[Zimbabwe]] da Afirka ta Kudu bayan iyakokin jagoranci kuma a cikin wannan damar ta daidaita [[Save Zimbabwe (ƙungiya)|Yakin Ceto Zimbabwe]] da kuma kwanan nan Yakin Dimokuradiyya na Swaziland. A cikin shekaru 18 da suka gabata, ta tara cibiyar sadarwa da bayanai daban-daban da yawa (duka mutum da ƙungiyoyi) a matakan farar hula da [[gwamnati]] a [[Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kudancin Afirka|SADC]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-04-06 |title=Besøg fra Zimbabwe |url=https://stiffkitten.wordpress.com/2010/04/06/bes%c3%b8g-fra-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2019-07-17 |website=Kenworthy News Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-04-15 |title=How do we solve Zimbabwe’s problems? |url=https://stiffkitten.wordpress.com/2010/04/15/how-do-we-solve-zimbabwes-problems/ |access-date=2019-07-17 |website=Kenworthy News Media |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gmv6y2cyeghejadntt360xed8iqwbfz 888039 888038 2026-07-27T09:48:52Z BnHamid 12586 BnHamid moved page [[Venitia Gwamna]] to [[Venitia Govender]] 888038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Venitia Govender 'yar Afirka ta Kudu ce [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|Mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam]]. Ta shiga cikin [[bincike]], lobbying da bayar da shawarwari, saka idanu da kalubalantar ingantawa da kare haƙƙoƙi a yankin [[Kudancin Afirka]] sama da shekaru 20. A cikin shekarun 1980 ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Durban-Westville . A farkon shekarun da suka gabata, a lokacin da tashin hankali ya yi yawa a lokacin sauyawa a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], ta tsara kungiyar sa ido kan tashin hankali mai zaman kanta, Peace Action . Ita ce mai kula da farko na 'yan sanda da fursunoni na 'yanci (POPCRU) sannan kuma mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga Sakatariyar Tsaro da Tsaro ta Gauteng. Venitia ya shafe shekaru uku a matsayin Darakta na Kasa na [[Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam]] kafin ya zama [[Independent consultant|mai ba da shawara mai zaman kansa]] kan batutuwan kare hakkin dan adam, shugabanci da samar da zaman lafiya, yana aiki a duk yankin [[Kudancin Afirka]]. A wannan lokacin ta shirya rahotanni na kwata-kwata game da "yanayin inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da kariya" a [[Afirka ta Kudu]], da kuma bita na kwata na kwata game da rawar da aiwatar da umarnin cibiyoyin haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Kudancin Afirka. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata Venitia ta shiga cikin sake kafa alaƙar hadin kai tsakanin [[Zimbabwe]] da Afirka ta Kudu bayan iyakokin jagoranci kuma a cikin wannan damar ta daidaita [[Save Zimbabwe (ƙungiya)|Yakin Ceto Zimbabwe]] da kuma kwanan nan Yakin Dimokuradiyya na Swaziland. A cikin shekaru 18 da suka gabata, ta tara cibiyar sadarwa da bayanai daban-daban da yawa (duka mutum da ƙungiyoyi) a matakan farar hula da [[gwamnati]] a [[Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kudancin Afirka|SADC]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-04-06 |title=Besøg fra Zimbabwe |url=https://stiffkitten.wordpress.com/2010/04/06/bes%c3%b8g-fra-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2019-07-17 |website=Kenworthy News Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-04-15 |title=How do we solve Zimbabwe’s problems? |url=https://stiffkitten.wordpress.com/2010/04/15/how-do-we-solve-zimbabwes-problems/ |access-date=2019-07-17 |website=Kenworthy News Media |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gmv6y2cyeghejadntt360xed8iqwbfz 0 150140 888055 833021 2026-07-27T09:57:09Z BnHamid 12586 888055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gloria Ireen Ntopi''' 'yar siyasar [[Malawi]]" id="mwCA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Malawian">Malawian ce da aka sani da shiga cikin siyasar majalisa a Malawi . Ta kasance tana aiki tare da Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party (DPP) kuma ta yi takara a zaben mazabar Nsanje ta Kudu a Gundumar Nsanje . Ntopi ta sami hankalin jama'a ta hanyar shiga cikin zaben 'yan majalisa da ayyukan tarurruka [[ɗan siyasa]] a kudancin Malawi.<ref name="sdnp">{{Cite web |title=Malawi Parliamentary Elections 2009 – Nsanje South Constituency Results |url=https://sdnp.org.mw/election/elections2009/index.php?district=Nsanje |access-date=5 May 2026 |publisher=Socio-Economic Database for Malawi}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Ntopi ya shiga cikin siyasar Malawi a matsayin dan takara na kujerar majalisar dokokin Nsanje ta Kudu. A lokacin zaben majalisar dokokin Malawi na shekara ta 2009, ta yi takara a karkashin jam'iyyar Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) kuma ta samu kuri'u 4,874 bisa ga bayanan zabe da ke akwai.<ref name="sdnp">{{Cite web |title=Malawi Parliamentary Elections 2009 – Nsanje South Constituency Results |url=https://sdnp.org.mw/election/elections2009/index.php?district=Nsanje |access-date=5 May 2026 |publisher=Socio-Economic Database for Malawi}}</ref> A cikin matakai masu zuwa na zaɓe, Ntopi ya kuma bayyana a cikin masu neman shiga majalisa da ke takara a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa, yana kwatanta sauye-sauyen ƙungiyoyin jam'iyya da yanayin takara da aka saba da shi a siyasar zaɓe ta Malawi. <ref name="candidate">{{Cite web |title=List of Parliamentary Candidates – Malawi Tripartite Elections |url=https://blog.malawivote2014.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/List-of-Parliamentary-Candidates-2014-TPE-Nomination-Results.pdf |access-date=5 May 2026 |publisher=Malawi Vote 2014}}</ref> == Yaƙin neman zaɓe == A lokacin zabe, Ntopi ya shiga cikin ayyukan kamfen a cikin Mazabar Nsanje ta Kudu, yana magance batutuwan da ke shafar yawan jama'a da kuma ƙarfafa shiga cikin jama'a a cikin tsarin dimokuradiyya. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na ta ya mayar da hankali kan shiga cikin al'umma da tattaunawa da masu jefa kuri'a, musamman a yankunan karkara na Gundumar Nsanje inda tarurrukan siyasa ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a sakamakon zabe. == Gudanarwa da shiga cikin jama'a == Ntopi ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen shiga cikin jama'a da nufin karfafa shiga siyasa, musamman tsakanin mata. A cikin 2019 ta kasance daga cikin mata masu neman zama 'yan majalisa waɗanda suka shiga cikin shirye-shiryen fadakarwa da aka tsara don ƙarfafa wakilcin mata mafi girma a siyasa. A lokacin wadannan alkawurran, ta jaddada muhimmancin karfafa mata damar shiga cikin shugabanci da jagoranci. Ta kuma yi magana a fili game da muhimmancin kiyaye zabubbuka na zaman lafiya da inganta tattaunawa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki na siyasa. == Dubi kuma == * Siyasa ta Malawi * Gundumar Nsanje * Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] heq8u70rp4jqdum9id4pum1os3drdyx 0 150542 888011 839214 2026-07-27T09:10:06Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bas Edo Kuipers''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Agustan shekarar 1994) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na hagu]] a ƙungiyar Primeira Liga ta Arouca, a matsayin aro daga Twente . == Aikin kulob == === Ajax === An haifi Kuipers a Amsterdam, an ɗauke shi aiki a makarantar matasa ta AFC Ajax a shekara ta 2001 bayan an gano shi a lokacin bikin Talentendagen na shekara-shekara na ƙungiyar ( ''kwanakin baiwa'' ) inda yara ƙanana za su iya zuwa buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Ajax don samun damar shiga makarantar matasa da aka santa da ita a ƙungiyar. Ya shiga zaɓen ɗaliban F1 da farko daga inda ya ci gaba ta kowane mataki na tsarin matasa na ƙungiyar. A ranar 15 ga Maris 2013, Kuipers ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru da Ajax, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da zai sa shi ya ci gaba da zama a ƙungiyar har zuwa ranar 30 ga Yuni 2015. Kuipers ya shiga sansanin horon ƙungiyar a lokacin shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, inda ya buga wasanni biyu na sada zumunci a ƙungiyar farko, wato wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2013, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 63 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 5-1 a filin wasa na Mandemakers, yayin da kuma ya buga wasan sada zumunci na kafin kakar wasa a minti na 63 da De Graafschap wanda ya ƙare da nasara da ci 3-0 a rana ɗaya. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2013-14, Kuipers ya fara da ƙungiyar reserve ta Jong Ajax wadda aka ɗaga kwanan nan zuwa ƙungiyar Dutch Eerste Divisie, ƙungiya ta biyu ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Netherlands, bayan da ya taɓa bugawa a Beloften Eredivisie . A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2013, Kuipers ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar reserve a wasan gida da Jong Twente . Wasan ya ƙare da nasara 2-1 ga Amsterdammers. [1] A ranar 8 ga Satumba 2013, Kuipers ya sanya rigar kyaftin a karon farko ga Jong Ajax a wasan waje da Achilles '29, wanda ya ƙare da rashin nasara 2-1. [2] === Excelsior === A ranar 4 ga Agusta 2014, an sanar da cewa Kuipers zai koma Excelsior daga [[Rotterdam]] kan yarjejeniyar aro ta shekara ɗaya. Ya fara bugawa Excelsior wasa a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2014 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 3-3 da AZ a Alkmaar. Bayan kakar wasa mai nasara da Excelsior inda ya buga wasanni 30 na kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Kuipers ya yi canja wuri na dindindin a bazara ta 2015, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu. === NEC === Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Romania tare da Viitorul Constanța a 2019, inda ya lashe Kofin Romania da Kofin Romanian Super Cup, inda ya buga wasanni biyu, Kuipers ya koma Holland a watan Agusta na 2019 ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar NEC a Eerste Division a gwajin farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2019 |title=NEC heeft clubloze linksback Bas Kuipers op proef |url=https://www.gelderlander.nl/nec/nec-heeft-clubloze-linksback-bas-kuipers-op-proef~a62ab354/?referrer=https://www.google.com/ |access-date=13 August 2019 |publisher=de Gelderlander |language=Dutch}}</ref> Bayan gwajin da ya yi nasara, Kuipers ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya tare da NEC tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2019 |title=N.E.C. GEEFT BAS KUIPERS CONTRACT |url=https://www.foxsports.nl/nieuws/artikel/3102246/geeft-bas-kuipers-contract |access-date=13 August 2019 |website=Fox Sports |language=Dutch |archive-date=13 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813041726/https://www.foxsports.nl/nieuws/artikel/3102246/geeft-bas-kuipers-contract |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a gefen hagu a lokacin kakar wasa ta 2019-20, amma bai sami ƙarin kwangila ba kuma ya bar ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa. <ref name="rtvoost-060720">{{Cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Bas Kuipers nieuwe linksback Go Ahead Eagles |url=https://www.rtvoost.nl/nieuws/332871/Bas-Kuipers-nieuwe-linksback-Go-Ahead-Eagles |access-date=15 October 2020 |publisher=RTV Oost |language=Dutch}}</ref> === Ku Ci Gaba Eagles === A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2020, Kuipers ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da Go Ahead Eagles . <ref name="rtvoost-060720"/> Ya zura kwallo mai muhimmanci yayin da Go Ahead Eagles ta doke Excelsior 1-0 don samun damar shiga Eredivisie a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2021 |title=Go Ahead Eagles promoveert naar Eredivisie na krankzinnige avond |url=https://www.rtvoost.nl/nieuws/1682186/Go-Ahead-Eagles-promoveert-naar-Eredivisie-na-krankzinnige-avond |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=rtvoost.nl}}</ref> === Twente === A ranar 28 ga Mayu 2024, Kuipers ya koma Twente a kan kwantiragin kakar wasa hudu, wanda ya fara daga kakar wasa ta 2024 zuwa 25. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=Bas Kuipers naar FC Twente |trans-title=Bas Kuipers to FC Twente |url=https://fctwente.nl/nieuws/bas-kuipers-naar-fc-twente |access-date=15 July 2024 |publisher=FC Twente |language=nl}}</ref> ==== Arouca (rance) ==== A ranar 1 ga Janairun 2026, bayan da ya sha wahala wajen samun lokaci mai yawa a lokacin rabin farko na kakar wasa ta 2025-26 ga Twente, an tura Kuipers aro zuwa kulob din Primeira Liga na Arouca har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 January 2026 |title=Bas Kuipers op huurbasis naar Arouca FC |trans-title=Bas Kuipers on loan to Arouca FC |url=https://fctwente.nl/nieuws/bas-kuipers-op-huurbasis-naar-arouca-fc |access-date=1 January 2026 |website= |publisher=[[FC Twente]] |language=nl-NL}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Kuipers ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Holland wasa a gasar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 a gasar da suka fafata a shekarar 2009 a gasar Tournoi Val de Marne ta 11 a [[Faris|birnin Paris]], ƙasar Faransa. Wasansa na farko ya faru ne a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 na ƙasar Spain da ci 1-2. Bayan kwana biyu ya bayyana a wasan da suka doke Italiya da ci 2-0, amma bai taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta samu damar zuwa zagaye na gaba na gasar ba. Watanni biyu bayan haka ya buga gasar sada zumunci ta Nike International '09 a [[Phoenix|Phoenix, Arizona]] yana wasa a wasanni biyu, wato wasan da suka fafata da Portugal 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2012, wanda ya ƙare da nasara 2-1, da kuma wasan da suka fafata da Amurka 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 wanda ya haifar da nasarar da Holland ta samu da ci 3-0. Wasanninsa na ƙarshe guda biyu ga ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 sun kasance a gasar Albufeira 4 na ƙasashe a Portugal inda ƙungiyarsa za ta fafata da Italiya 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da Ireland 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da rashin nasara a wasan farko da ci 3-1, yayin da suka yi nasara da ci 3-1 a wasan da ya biyo baya. Ya sami kiran farko na shiga gasar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta Netherlands, inda ya buga wasan sada zumunci da Jamus 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2010, wanda ya ƙare da rashin nasara da ci 2-1 ga Netherlands. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] jiu63iepvz8mrq6w1el6a6ntogc3t0l 0 150581 888036 834201 2026-07-27T09:46:39Z BnHamid 12586 888036 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Uzbekistan vs. Spain, 2024 Summer Olympic men's association football, 2024-07-24 (248) - Aimar Oroz.jpg|thumb]] '''Aimar Oroz Huarte''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Sifaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari a kulob ɗin [[CA Osasuna]]. An haife shi a Pamplona kuma ya taso a tsarin horaswar matasan Osasuna inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa masu tasowa daga yankin Navarra. == Rayuwar farko == Aimar Oroz ya girma a birnin Pamplona, inda ya fara sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya shiga makarantar horar da matasa ta CA Osasuna yana da shekaru kaɗan, inda aka fara ganin hazakarsa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo da hangen wasa. Ya yi fice a matakan yara da matasa kafin a kai shi babban matakin kulob ɗin.<ref name="osasuna-academy"/> == Aikin kulob == Oroz ya fara taka leda a ƙungiyar B ta Osasuna (Osasuna Promesas) kafin ya samu damar buga wasa a babban tawaga. Ya fara bayyanawa a La Liga a lokacin kakar 2020–21, inda ya nuna kwarewa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kirkira. A cikin shekaru da suka biyo baya, ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin wasan Osasuna, yana taimakawa wajen tsara kai hari da kuma bayar da taimako wajen zura ƙwallaye. Kwarewarsa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo a tsakiyar fili ya sa aka yabe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sabbin hazikan 'yan wasan Sifaniya.<ref name="laliga-profile"/> == Salon wasa == Aimar Oroz ɗan wasa ne mai taka leda a matsayin ''attacking midfielder''. Yana da kwarewa a: * sarrafa ƙwallo a cikin ƙanƙanin fili * yin passes masu inganci * kirkirar damar zura ƙwallo * motsi ba tare da ƙwallo ba Ana kwatanta salon wasansa da na ’yan wasan zamani masu fasaha a tsakiyar fili, inda yake haɗa kirkira da aiki tukuru. == Ayyukan kasa == Oroz ya taba wakiltar Sifaniya a matakan ƙasa daban-daban na matasa. Ya kasance cikin 'yan wasan da aka yi amfani da su a tawagogin U-19 da U-21, inda ya taimaka wajen wasannin cancantar gasanni na matasa na Turai.<ref name="spain-youth"/> == Nasarori == * Taka leda a La Liga tare da CA Osasuna * Wakiltar Sifaniya a matakan matasa * Zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan Osasuna daga academy == Manazarta == <{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Shafin hukuma na CA Osasuna * Bayanai daga La Liga [[Category:’Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Sifaniya]] [[Category:’Yan wasan CA Osasuna]] [[Category:An haifa a 2001]] [[Category:’Yan wasan tsakiya]] 10oekpt4818m74flyy09lpantu1bn2n 888037 888036 2026-07-27T09:46:56Z BnHamid 12586 /* Manazarta */ 888037 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Uzbekistan vs. Spain, 2024 Summer Olympic men's association football, 2024-07-24 (248) - Aimar Oroz.jpg|thumb]] '''Aimar Oroz Huarte''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Sifaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari a kulob ɗin [[CA Osasuna]]. An haife shi a Pamplona kuma ya taso a tsarin horaswar matasan Osasuna inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa masu tasowa daga yankin Navarra. == Rayuwar farko == Aimar Oroz ya girma a birnin Pamplona, inda ya fara sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya shiga makarantar horar da matasa ta CA Osasuna yana da shekaru kaɗan, inda aka fara ganin hazakarsa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo da hangen wasa. Ya yi fice a matakan yara da matasa kafin a kai shi babban matakin kulob ɗin.<ref name="osasuna-academy"/> == Aikin kulob == Oroz ya fara taka leda a ƙungiyar B ta Osasuna (Osasuna Promesas) kafin ya samu damar buga wasa a babban tawaga. Ya fara bayyanawa a La Liga a lokacin kakar 2020–21, inda ya nuna kwarewa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kirkira. A cikin shekaru da suka biyo baya, ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin wasan Osasuna, yana taimakawa wajen tsara kai hari da kuma bayar da taimako wajen zura ƙwallaye. Kwarewarsa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo a tsakiyar fili ya sa aka yabe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sabbin hazikan 'yan wasan Sifaniya.<ref name="laliga-profile"/> == Salon wasa == Aimar Oroz ɗan wasa ne mai taka leda a matsayin ''attacking midfielder''. Yana da kwarewa a: * sarrafa ƙwallo a cikin ƙanƙanin fili * yin passes masu inganci * kirkirar damar zura ƙwallo * motsi ba tare da ƙwallo ba Ana kwatanta salon wasansa da na ’yan wasan zamani masu fasaha a tsakiyar fili, inda yake haɗa kirkira da aiki tukuru. == Ayyukan kasa == Oroz ya taba wakiltar Sifaniya a matakan ƙasa daban-daban na matasa. Ya kasance cikin 'yan wasan da aka yi amfani da su a tawagogin U-19 da U-21, inda ya taimaka wajen wasannin cancantar gasanni na matasa na Turai.<ref name="spain-youth"/> == Nasarori == * Taka leda a La Liga tare da CA Osasuna * Wakiltar Sifaniya a matakan matasa * Zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan Osasuna daga academy == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Shafin hukuma na CA Osasuna * Bayanai daga La Liga [[Category:’Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Sifaniya]] [[Category:’Yan wasan CA Osasuna]] [[Category:An haifa a 2001]] [[Category:’Yan wasan tsakiya]] gi8p0xa4cmu2hjvmbsmvgnhlubp4rp0 0 151002 888033 835251 2026-07-27T09:44:44Z BnHamid 12586 888033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Sabri Sarıoğlu | image = Sabri_Sarioglu_2013.jpg | fullname = Sabri Sarıoğlu | dateofbirth = 26 Mayu 1984 | placeofbirth = Çarşamba, Samsun, Turkiyya | position = Right-back / Wing-back | youthyears1 = 1999–2002 | youthclubs1 = Galatasaray | years1 = 2002–2017 | clubs1 = Galatasaray | nationalyears1 = 2003–2010 | nationalteam1 = Turkiyya | nationalcaps1 = 44 | nationalgoals1 = 2 }} [[Fayil:Sabri Sarıoğlu '13-14.JPG|thumb]] Sabri Sarıoğlu tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Turkiyya wanda ya shahara a kulob ɗin Galatasaray, inda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan baya na dama da kuma winger tsawon shekaru sama da 15. <ref name="TFFProfile">Turkish Football Federation (TFF) Player Profile: Sabri Sarıoğlu</ref> Ya kasance daga cikin ‘yan wasan da suka taimaka wajen tabbatar da nasarorin kulob ɗin a gasar cikin gida da ta Turai. <ref name="GalatasarayArchive">Galatasaray SK Official Archive</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Sabri a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1984 a Çarşamba, Samsun a Turkiyya. Tun yana ƙarami ya fara nuna sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda hakan ya sa ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Galatasaray a shekarar 1999. <ref name="TFFProfile"/> A can ne ya fara samun horo na ƙwararru har ya kai matakin farko na kulob. <ref name="GalatasarayArchive"/> == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa a kulob == Sabri Sarıoğlu ya fara buga wa babban tawagar Galatasaray wasa a 2002, kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tawagar har zuwa 2017. <ref name="UEFAProfile">UEFA Player Profile: Sabri Sarıoğlu</ref> A wannan lokaci ya lashe kofuna da dama ciki har da Süper Lig, Turkish Cup da Turkish Super Cup. <ref name="GalatasarayArchive"/> An san shi da sauri, kuzari da kuma iya kai hari daga gefen dama, kodayake wasu lokuta ana sukar sa kan kurakurai wajen tsaro. <ref name="ESPNProfile">ESPN Football Statistics Profile</ref> == Aikin sa a tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya == Sabri ya buga wa tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya wasanni 44 tsakanin 2003 zuwa 2010, inda ya zura kwallaye 2. <ref name="TFFProfile"/> Ya kasance cikin tawagar da ta kai matakin kusa da na ƙarshe a UEFA Euro 2008, ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin ƙasar. <ref name="UEFAEuro2008">UEFA Euro 2008 Official Report</ref> == Salon wasa == Sabri yana taka leda a matsayin right-back amma yana da salon kai hari sosai. <ref name="UEFAProfile"/> Yana amfani da gudu da kuzari wajen tallafa wa kai hari daga gefe. Duk da haka, wasu lokuta ana ganin yana rasa daidaito a wajen kare kai daga manyan ‘yan wasan gaba. <ref name="ESPNProfile"/> == Rayuwa bayan ritaya == Bayan ya bar buga ƙwallon ƙafa, Sabri Sarıoğlu ya ci gaba da kasancewa a harkar wasanni ta hanyar horarwa da ayyukan matasa, musamman a Galatasaray. <ref name="GalatasarayArchive"/> Yana taimakawa wajen horar da sabbin ‘yan wasa masu tasowa a ƙasar Turkiyya. == Kammalawa == Sabri Sarıoğlu ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan Galatasaray na zamani, wanda ya sadaukar da yawancin rayuwarsa ga kulob ɗaya. <ref name="UEFAProfile"/> Tarihinsa yana nuna jajircewa, biyayya da kuma ƙwarewa a ƙwallon ƙafa. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1984]] 3s8a4h8twxp48f25dae6rihq69eu484 0 151257 887982 836110 2026-07-27T07:05:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Lobi Stars F.C. | image = | fullname = Lobi Stars Football Club | nickname = Alia Boys, Pride of Benue | founded = 1981 | ground = [[Aper Aku Stadium]], Makurdi | capacity = 8,000 | chairman = Philip Nongu | manager = Mika Lönnström | league = [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] | season = 2024–25 | position = 20th | pattern_b1 = _bluehorizontal }} '''Lobi Stars Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙwararru daga [[Makurdi]], a jihar [[Benue]], [[Najeriya]]. Ƙungiyar tana taka leda a gasar [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] kuma tana amfani da filin wasa na [[Aper Aku Stadium]] domin buga wasanninta na gida. Ana ɗaukar Lobi Stars a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa daga yankin tsakiyar Najeriya saboda tarihin nasarorinta da gudummawar da take bayarwa wajen haɓaka matasa ‘yan wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobi_Stars_F.C. |title=Lobi Stars F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekara ta 1981 ƙarƙashin kulawar Hukumar Wasanni ta Jihar Benue da sunan '''Hawks of Makurdi'''. A shekarar 1985 ne kamfanin Benue Breweries Limited ya karɓi kulawar ƙungiyar, wanda ya sa aka sauya mata suna zuwa '''BBL Hawks Football Club'''. Daga baya a shekarar 1990, bankin Lobi Bank mallakin gwamnatin jihar ya karɓi ƙungiyar tare da sake mata suna zuwa '''Lobi Bank Football Club'''. Bayan wasu shekaru ne aka sauya sunan zuwa '''Lobi Stars Football Club''', sunan da ake amfani da shi har zuwa yau.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lobistars.sitesng.com/en_History.html |title=Lobi Stars Football Club History |website=Lobi Stars Official Website |access-date=2026-05-15 |archive-date=2019-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916095553/http://lobistars.sitesng.com/en_History.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lobi Stars ta fara samun shahara sosai a ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya ne bayan ta samu hawa zuwa manyan matakan gasar ƙasar a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990. Kungiyar ta ci gaba da bunƙasa har ta zama ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyin da ake girmamawa a Najeriya. Salon wasan kungiyar da ƙoƙarin haɓaka matasa ‘yan wasa ya taimaka wajen ƙarfafa sunanta a ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iambenue.com/benue-state/sports/ |title=Sports – I am Benue |website=I Am Benue |access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> Babbar nasarar da kungiyar ta samu ita ce lashe gasar farko ta '''Nigeria Super League''' a shekarar 1999 ƙarƙashin jagorancin mai horaswa Godwin Koko Uwua. Wannan nasara ta sanya kungiyar cikin manyan kungiyoyin Najeriya a lokacin. A waccan shekara kuma kungiyar ta lashe '''Nigeria Super Cup''', abin da ya ƙara tabbatar da ƙarfinta a ƙwallon ƙafar cikin gida.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobi_Stars_F.C. |title=Lobi Stars F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Lobi Stars ta lashe kofin '''Nigeria FA Cup''' bayan ta doke Sharks FC daga Fatakwal a wasan ƙarshe. Wannan shi ne karo na farko kuma kaɗai da kungiyar ta lashe wannan gasa. Nasarar ta ba kungiyar damar shiga gasannin nahiyar Afirka kuma ta ƙara ɗaukaka sunanta a ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dosen.profillengkap.com/en/Lobi_Stars_F.C. |title=Lobi Stars F.C. 2025 |website=Profil Lengkap |access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sake kaiwa wasan ƙarshe na FA Cup a shekarar 2005 amma ta sha kashi a hannun [[Enyimba F.C.]]. Haka kuma a shekarar 2012 ta kai wasan ƙarshe na '''Federation Cup''' inda ta rasa kofin bayan ta sha kashi a hannun kungiyar [[Heartland F.C.]]. Duk da rashin samun kofin a waɗannan lokuta, kungiyar ta nuna ƙwarewa da juriya a gasannin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobi_Stars_F.C. |title=Lobi Stars F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> Lobi Stars ta wakilci Najeriya a gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na nahiyar Afirka sau da dama. Kungiyar ta buga gasar '''CAF Champions League''' a shekarun 2000 da kuma 2018–19, inda ta kai matakin rukuni a wasu lokuta. Har ila yau ta buga '''CAF Confederation Cup''' sau da dama, abin da ya ba ta damar fafatawa da manyan kungiyoyi daga sauran ƙasashen Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobi_Stars_F.C. |title=Lobi Stars F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> Filin wasan kungiyar, wato '''Aper Aku Stadium''', yana cikin birnin Makurdi kuma yana ɗaukar dubban magoya baya. Filin yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa mallakin gwamnati a yankin arewa ta tsakiyar Najeriya. Magoya bayan kungiyar suna da suna wajen nuna goyon baya sosai musamman yayin wasannin gida.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/1716578 |title=Lobi Stars F.C. |website=En-Academic |access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> A tsawon tarihinta, Lobi Stars ta samar da fitattun ‘yan wasa da dama waɗanda suka taka rawa a ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya. Wasu daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan da suka taɓa bugawa kungiyar sun haɗa da Taiye Taiwo da Barnabas Imenger. Haka kuma kungiyar ta kasance hanya ta haɓaka matasa ‘yan wasa zuwa manyan kungiyoyi na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.legit.ng/sports/football/1607530-lobi-stars-players-achievements-stadium-owner-net-worth/ |title=Lobi Stars players, owner, stadium, coach, trophies, world rankings |website=Legit.ng |access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> == Tarihi == * 1981 – An kafa kungiyar da sunan ''Hawks of Makurdi'' * 1985 – An sauya suna zuwa ''BBL Hawks'' * 1990 – An sake suna zuwa ''Lobi Bank FC'' * Daga baya – An sauya suna zuwa ''Lobi Stars FC''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lobistars.sitesng.com/en_History.html |title=Lobi Stars Football Club History |website=Lobi Stars Official Website |access-date=2026-05-15 |archive-date=2019-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916095553/http://lobistars.sitesng.com/en_History.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nasarori == * '''Nigeria Professional Football League''' ** Zakara: 1999 * '''Nigeria FA Cup''' ** Zakara: 2003 * '''Nigeria Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 1999, 2018<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobi_Stars_F.C. |title=Lobi Stars F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> == Gasannin CAF == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** 2000 – Matakin rukuni ** 2018–19 – Matakin rukuni * '''CAF Confederation Cup''' ** 2004 – Zagaye na biyu ** 2006 – Zagaye na biyu ** 2012 – Zagaye na farko<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobi_Stars_F.C. |title=Lobi Stars F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-15}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[Enyimba F.C.]] * [[Heartland F.C.]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://lobistars.sitesng.com/{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Shafin yanar gizon Lobi Stars 3xd0v9gy737h6f7865fz0ssi35vxuzf 0 151917 887873 838806 2026-07-26T20:01:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwara United Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke birnin [[Ilorin]], babban birnin jihar Kwara. Ƙungiyar tana buga wasa a gasar [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] (NPFL), kuma ana yi mata laƙabi da '''Harmony Boys''' ko '''Afonja Warriors'''. Filin wasansu na gida shi ne [[Kwara State Stadium]] mai ɗaukar mutane kusan 18,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwara_United_F.C. |title=Kwara United F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Tarihi == Asalin ƙungiyar ya samo tushe ne daga ƙungiyar ma’aikatan kamfanin ruwa na jihar Kwara da aka kafa a shekarar 1974 da suna '''Kwara Water Corporation Football Club'''. An fara ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar domin ma’aikata su riƙa motsa jiki da nishaɗi, amma daga baya ta zama ƙungiyar da ke fafatawa a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa saboda hazakar ’yan wasan cikinta.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kwaraunited.sitesng.com/en_History.html |title=History of Kwara United Football Club |website=Kwara United Official Website |access-date=2026-05-21 |archive-date=2026-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260521153900/https://kwaraunited.sitesng.com/en_History.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1979 ƙungiyar ta samu shiga gasar rukuni na biyu ta Najeriya, sannan ta kai matakin kwata fainal na gasar '''Challenge Cup''' inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Bendel Insurance FC]]. Daga baya an sauya sunanta zuwa '''Kwara Utility Bombers''' a shekarar 1985 bayan sauyin suna na kamfanin da ke ɗaukar nauyinta.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwara_United_F.C. |title=Kwara United F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> A shekarar 1997 gwamnatin jihar Kwara ta sayi lasisin ƙungiyar '''Exide Sparkers FC''' daga Ibadan sannan ta sake mata suna zuwa '''Kwara United Football Club'''. Wannan ne ya ba ƙungiyar damar komawa manyan matakan gasar Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kwaraunited.sitesng.com/en_History.html |title=History of Kwara United Football Club |website=Kwara United Official Website |access-date=2026-05-21 |archive-date=2026-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260521153900/https://kwaraunited.sitesng.com/en_History.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nasarori == Kwara United ta samu gagarumar nasara a shekarar 2025 bayan lashe '''President Federation Cup''' karo na farko a tarihinta bayan doke '''Abakaliki FC''' da ci 4–3 ta bugun fenariti bayan an tashi babu ci a wasan ƙarshe. Wannan shi ne babban kofin ƙasa na farko da ƙungiyar ta taɓa lashewa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.naifooty.com.ng/2025/06/kwara-united-celebrate-historic.html |title=Kwara United Celebrate Historic Federation Cup Triumph |website=Naifooty |date=2025-06-30 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta kuma samu damar wakiltar Najeriya a gasar [[CAF Confederation Cup]] bayan kammala kakar 2021/2022 cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a NPFL.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwara_United_F.C. |title=Kwara United F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Filin wasa == Kwara United tana amfani da [[Kwara State Stadium]] da ke Ilorin a matsayin filin wasanta na gida. Filin wasan yana ƙarƙashin gwamnatin jihar Kwara kuma yana ɗaukar kusan mutane 18,000 bayan gyare-gyaren da aka yi masa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwara_State_Stadium |title=Kwara State Stadium |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> An fara gina filin wasan ne a shekarar 1977, kuma an yi masa gyare-gyare da dama domin ya dace da ƙa’idojin NPFL da kuma na CAF.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwara_State_Stadium |title=Kwara State Stadium |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Magoya baya da al’ada == Magoya bayan Kwara United suna daga cikin mashahuran magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin arewa ta tsakiya a Najeriya. Wasannin gida na ƙungiyar a Ilorin suna jawo dubban magoya baya musamman a lokutan manyan wasanni da kofuna.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/kwara-united-fc-history/ |title=Kwara United FC: History, Honours & 2025/26 NPFL Season Guide |website=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Manyan masu horaswa == Daga cikin fitattun masu horas da suka jagoranci Kwara United akwai: * [[Kadiri Ikhana]] * [[Roger Palmgren]] * [[Abdullahi Biffo]] * [[Kabiru Dogo]] * [[Tunde Sanni]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwara_United_F.C. |title=Kwara United F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Sunayen da ƙungiyar ta taɓa amfani da su == * 1974–1985 — ''Kwara Water Corporation FC'' * 1985–1990 — ''Kwara Utility Bombers'' * 1990–1997 — ''Kwara Bombers FC'' * 1997–zuwa yanzu — ''Kwara United FC''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwara_United_F.C. |title=Kwara United F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Manyan nasarori == * '''President Federation Cup''' ** Zakara: 2025 * '''Nigeria National Division Two''' ** Zakara: 1997 * '''CAF Confederation Cup''' ** Halarta: 2007, 2022/2023<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwara_United_F.C. |title=Kwara United F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[Kwara State Stadium]] * [[Kabiru Dogo]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1a47kcf75j4ybtqgfo8um81vy1u44s8 0 152591 888016 873628 2026-07-27T09:13:06Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Victoria_Nyanza.jpg|thumb|Victoria Nyanza. Layin baƙar fata yana nuna hanyar Stanley.]] '''Tafkin Victoria''' yana ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Tafkunan [[Afirka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} AGLI |url=https://www.africangreatlakesinform.org/page/lake-victoria |access-date=2025-07-05 |website=www.africangreatlakesinform.org}}</ref> Yana da faɗin fili na kimanin {{Cvt|59947|km2|sqmi}},<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2016-10-05 |title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/pwfw26}}</ref> Tafkin Victoria shi ne tafki mafi girma a [[Afirka]] ta fannin yanki, tafki mafi girma a duniya ta fannin [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|wurare masu zafi]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Saundry |first=Peter |title=Lake Victoria |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/}}</ref> kuma tafki mafi girma na biyu a duniya ta fannin ruwa bayan Tafkin Superior a Arewacin [[Amurka]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> Dangane da yawan ruwa, [[Tafkin Victoria]] shi ne tafki na tara mafi girma a [[duniya]], wanda ya ƙunshi kimanin {{Cvt|2424|km3|acre ft}} na ruwa. <ref name="auto3">{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref name="auto4">{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |last2=Taabu |first2=Anthony Munyaho |last3=Noah |first3=Krach |last4=Sarah |first4=Glaser |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}</ref> Tafkin Victoria yana da wani yanki mai zurfi a [[Afirka]]. Tafkin yana da matsakaicin zurfin {{Cvt|40|m|ft}} da kuma zurfin mafi girman {{Cvt|80 - 81|m|ft}} . <ref name="auto3" /> <ref name="auto4" /> Yankin [[Ruwan ruwa|magudanar ruwansa]] ya ƙunshi {{Cvt|169858|km2|sqmi}} . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stuart |first=Hamilton |date=2017-11-12 |title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015 |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |language=en |doi=10.7910/dvn/z5rmyd}}</ref> Tafkin yana da bakin teku na {{Cvt|7142|km|mi}} lokacin da aka sanya shi cikin dijital a matakin 1:25,000, tare da tsibiran da suka ƙunshi kashi 3.7% na wannan tsawon. Yankin tafkin ya rabu zuwa ƙasashe uku: [[Tanzaniya]] tana da kashi 49% ( {{Cvt|33,700|km2|sqmi}} ), [[Uganda]] 45% ( {{Cvt|31,000|km2|sqmi}} ), da [[Kenya]] 6% ( {{Cvt|4,100|km2|sqmi}}. Tafkin gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi da yawa waɗanda ba sa rayuwa a wani wuri, musamman cichlids. Kifi masu mamayewa, irin su Nilu perch, sun kori nau'o'in halittu da yawa zuwa [[Karewar kwayoyin halitta|halaka]]. == Sunayen == Duk da cewa yana da sunaye da yawa na yaren gida ( Swahili ; Dholuo ; Luganda ; Kinyarwanda ), <ref name="WDL1">{{Cite web |year=1899 |title=The Victoria. The Land, the Races and their Customs, with Specimens of Some of the Dialects |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529091640/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557/ |archive-date=29 May 2016 |access-date=18 February 2013 |publisher=[[World Digital Library]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Ukerewe |url=https://ntz.info/gen/n01545.html |access-date=17 October 2020 |website=nTZ: An Information Resource for Northern Tanzania |publisher=David Marsh}}</ref> An sake wa tafkin suna da sunan [[Sarauniya Victoria]] ta hanyar mai binciken John Hanning Speke, ɗan Birtaniya na farko da ya rubuta shi a shekarar 1858, yayin da yake kan wani balaguro tare da Richard Francis Burton . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Alan Moorehead}}</ref> == Ilmin ƙasa == {{Refimprove science | section | date = Disamba 2024}} [[File:Topography of Lake Victoria.png|thumb|Taswirar yanayin ƙasa (topography) na Tafkin Victoria]] Dan jaridan hotuna [[John Reader]], wanda ya rubuta littafinsa mai suna ''Africa: A Biography of a Continent'' wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Alan Paton Literary Award,<ref>{{cite news | author = The Times Staff | date= 26 February 2009 | orig-date= 4 June 2007 | title = Previous Winners of the Alan Paton Award and the Sunday Times Fiction Prize | newspaper = The Times (Johannesburg) | url = http://www.thetimes.co.za/SpecialReports/BookAwards/Article.aspx?id=482608 | access-date = 26 December 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090226215141/http://www.thetimes.co.za/SpecialReports/BookAwards/Article.aspx?id=482608 | archive-date = 2009-02-26 | quote = Previous Literary Awards winners / Previous Winners of the Alan Paton Award / 1998: Africa: A Biography of a Continent by John Reader, published by Penguin SA }}</ref> ya bayyana Tafkin Victoria a matsayin tafki mai sabuwar samuwa a tarihin ilimin ƙasa, mai kimanin shekaru 400,000—wanda ya samo asali ne sakamakon yadda koguna da ke kwarara zuwa yamma suka toshe lokacin da wani ɓangare na ɓawon ƙasan duniya (earth’s crust) ya karkata a kan layin [[Great Rift Valley]], wanda ya ɗaga gefensa na yamma.<ref name="Reader">{{cite book | author = Reader, John | date = 2001 | orig-date = 1998 | title=Africa: A Biography of a Continent | location=Washington, DC | publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] | via = Archive.org | isbn=978-0-7922-7681-4 | pages=227f | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/africa0000read | access-date = 26 December 2024}}</ref>{{better source|date = December 2024}} Wani bincike na asali da aka yi kan yadda koguna ke rarrabuwa a yankin Tafkin Victoria ya fitar da wasu ƙiyasta. Na farko, a zamanin [[Miocene]], yankin da yanzu ke zama kwarin tafkin yana gefen yammacin wani tudu da ya kasance rabe-raben ruwa na nahiyar, inda koguna daga yamma ke kwarara zuwa [[Kogin Kongo]], yayin da na gabas ke nufi zuwa Tekun Indiya. Na biyu, yayin da tsarin [[East African Rift]] ke samuwa, bangon gabas na [[Albertine Rift]] (ko Western Rift) ya ɗaga, wanda a hankali ya sauya kwararar ruwa zuwa yankin da yanzu ke Tafkin Victoria. Na uku, buɗewar manyan rabe-raben ƙasa na East African Rift da Albertine Rift ya jawo yankin da ke tsakaninsu ya nutse, yayin da gefuna ke tashi, wanda ya samar da kwarin da ke ɗauke da Tafkin Victoria a yau.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ouma |first=J. P. B. M. |date=1970 |title=Fluvial Differentiation in the Basin of Lake Victoria |journal=Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand) |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=221–223 |jstor=43944206}}</ref> A cikin tarihin ilimin ƙasa, Tafkin Victoria ya fuskanci sauye-sauye daga kasancewa ƙaramar kwari mai zurfi kaɗan zuwa yiwuwar zama jerin ƙananan tafkuna a lokuta daban-daban.<ref name="Hickling61"/>{{page needed|date = December 2024}} Binciken ƙasan tafkin ya nuna cewa Tafkin Victoria ya bushe gaba ɗaya aƙalla sau uku tun lokacin da ya samo asali.<ref name="Reader"/>{{better source|date = December 2024}} Wadannan lokutan bushewa ana danganta su da zamanin kankara (ice ages), lokacin da yawan ruwan sama a duniya ke raguwa sosai.<ref name="Reader"/>{{better source|date = December 2024}} A cewar wani bincike na daban, Tafkin Victoria ya ƙarshe bushewa kimanin shekaru 17,300 da suka wuce, sannan ya sake cika kimanin shekaru 14,700 da suka wuce—lokacin da [[African humid period]] ya fara.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=deMenocal |first1=Peter |last2=Ortiz |first2=Joseph |last3=Guilderson |first3=Tom |last4=Adkins |first4=Jess |last5=Sarnthein |first5=Michael |last6=Baker |first6=Linda |last7=Yarusinsky |first7=Martha |title=Abrupt Onset and Termination of the African Humid Period |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |date=January 2000 |volume=19 |issue=1–5 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00081-5}}</ref> == Ruwa == [[Fayil:Lake_Vic_Bathy.jpg|thumb|Tsarin ruwa na Lake Victoria <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |last2=Munyaho |first2=Anthony Taabu |last3=Krach |first3=Noah |last4=Glaser |first4=Sarah |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2016 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}</ref>]] Tafkin tafki ne mai zurfi idan aka yi la'akari da babban yankin da ke da zurfin kusan mita 80 (260 da matsakaicin zurfin mita 40 (130 . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton, S.E. |date=2016 |title=Creation of a Bathymetric Map of Lake Victoria, Africa |url=http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |journal=Salisbury.edu |location=Salisbury, MD |publisher=Salisbury University |doi=10.7910/DVN/SOEKNR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025050539/http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |archive-date=2016-10-25 |access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref> Aikin 2016 ya ƙididdige maki dubu goma kuma ya kirkiro taswirar bathymetric ta farko ta tafkin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hamilton |first=Stuart |last2=Munyaho |first2=Anthony Taabu |last3=Krach |first3=Noah |last4=Glaser |first4=Sarah |date=2018-05-17 |title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2016 – LakeVicFish Dataverse |journal=Harvard Dataverse |type=Data Set |doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr}}</ref> Sashe mafi zurfi na tafkin yana da iyaka zuwa gabashin tafkin kusa da Kenya kuma tafkin gabaɗaya ba shi da zurfi a yamma tare da bakin tekun Uganda da kudu tare da bakin Tekun Tanzania.<ref name=":0" /> ==Hydrology da Limnology== Tafkin Victoria yana samun kashi 80 cikin 100 na ruwansa kai tsaye daga ruwan sama.<ref name="Hickling61"/>{{page needed|date = December 2024}} Matsakaicin ƙaƙƙarfan fitar ruwa (evaporation) a tafkin yana tsakanin {{convert|2.0| and |2.2|m}} a kowace shekara, kusan ninki biyu na ruwan sama da ake samu a yankunan da ke kusa da koguna (riparian).<ref>{{cite book|author=Ominde, Simeon H. |year=1971|chapter=Rural Economy in West Kenya| chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WgamvCA98usC&pg=PA220 |title=Studies in East African Geography and Development| pages=207–29| editor=S.H. Ominde|location=London|publisher=Heinemann Educational |isbn=978-0-520-02073-3}}</ref> Tafkin Victoria yana kuma samun ruwa daga koguna da dubban ƙananan rafuka (streams). Kogin Kagera shi ne mafi girma daga cikin kogunan da ke shiga cikin wannan tafki, kuma bakinsa yana a gefen yammacin tafkin. Tafkin Victoria yana samun hanyar fitar ruwa ne kawai ta Kogin Nilu kusa da Jinja, Uganda a arewacin gefen tafkin.<ref name="Fishery">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291|title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1|last1=vanden Bossche|first1=J.-P.|last2=Bernacsek|first2=G.M.|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], [[United Nations]]|year=1990|isbn=978-92-5-102983-1|page=291|access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref> [[File:Rift en.svg|thumb|right|Tafkin Victoria da Kwarin Babbar Rift Valley]] A ɓangaren Kenya, manyan kogunan da ke shigowa tafkin sun haɗa da Sio, Nzoia, Yala, Nyando, Sondu Miriu, Mogusi, da Migori. Kogin da ke fita daga Tafkin Victoria kaɗai shi ne Kogin Nilu, wanda ke fita daga tafkin kusa da Jinja, Uganda. Dangane da yawan ruwan da yake samu, wannan ya sa Tafkin Victoria ya zama babban tushen babban reshen Kogin Nilu mafi tsawo. Sai dai tushen mafi nisa na Kogin Nilu, kuma a matsayin ainihin tushen Nilu, yawanci ana ɗaukar shi ɗaya daga cikin kogunan da ke ciyar da Kogin Kagera (ko wanne reshe daga cikinsu ba a tabbatar da shi gaba ɗaya ba), wanda ke farawa a Rwanda ko Burundi. Sashen sama na Nilu ana kiransa Victoria Nile har sai ya isa Tafkin Albert. Ko da yake yana cikin tsarin kogi ɗaya da ake kira White Nile, kuma a wasu lokuta ana kiran shi haka, wannan suna ba ya fara aiki sai bayan kogi ya tsallaka iyakar Uganda zuwa Sudan ta Kudu a arewa. Tafkin yana nuna yanayin eutrophication. A shekarun 1990–1991, matakan oxygen a cikin saman ruwa sun fi na 1960–1961, tare da kusan ci gaba da wuce kima (supersaturation) na oxygen a ruwan saman. Matakan oxygen a cikin ruwan zurfi (hypolimnetic waters), wato ɓangaren ruwa da ke ƙasa da thermocline wanda ba ya gaurayuwa kuma yana kasancewa sanyi a kullum, sun yi ƙasa a 1990–1991 fiye da na 1960–1961, inda wasu lokuta suka kai ƙasa da 1 mg a kowace lita (< 0.4 gr/cu ft) a zurfin ruwa har zuwa {{convert|40|m|ft}} idan aka kwatanta da fiye da {{convert|50|m|ft}} a 1961. Ana ganin canjin oxygen ɗin ya dace da ƙarin yawan algae da haɓakar samar da halittu a cikin ruwa.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240845630 | author1=R.E. Hecky | author2=F.W.B. Bugenyi | author3=P. Ochumba | author4=J.F. Talling | author5=R. Mugidde | author6=M. Gophen | author7=L. Kaufman | year=1994 | title=Deoxygenation of the deep water of Lake Victoria, East Africa | journal=[[Limnology and Oceanography]] | volume=39 | issue=6 |pages=1476–81 | jstor=2838147 | doi=10.4319/lo.1994.39.6.1476| bibcode=1994LimOc..39.1476H | doi-access=free }}</ref> Wadannan sauye-sauye sun faru ne saboda dalilai da dama: ci gaba da kona da ake yi a cikin yankin da ke kewaye da tafkin,<ref>{{Cite journal | author=R.E. Hecky | year=1993 | title=The eutrophication of Lake Victoria | journal=[[Verhandlungen der Internationale Vereinigung für Limnologie]] | volume=25 | issue=1 | pages=39–48 | doi=10.1080/03680770.1992.11900057| bibcode=1993SILP...25...39H }}</ref> inda toka da hayaki suka shiga suka zauna a faɗin tafkin; ƙarin shigar sinadarai masu gina jiki (nutrients) daga koguna,<ref name="OchumbaKibaara">{{cite journal | author1=Peter B. O. Ochumba | author2=David I. Kibaara | year=1989 | title=Observations on blue-green algal blooms in the open waters of Lake Victoria, Kenya | journal=[[African Journal of Ecology]] | volume=27 | issue=1 | pages=23–34 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.1989.tb00925.x| bibcode=1989AfJEc..27...23O }}</ref> da kuma ƙarin gurbatar muhalli da ke da alaƙa da matsugunin mutane a bakin tafkin.<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 2018|title=Environmental and Social Management Framework-ESMF|work=World Bank Document - Early Warning System|url=https://ewsdata.rightsindevelopment.org/files/documents/82/WB-P163782_3UJvON4.pdf|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Tsakanin 2010 da 2022, girman saman Tafkin Victoria ya ƙaru da kashi 15%,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keriako |first=Tobiko |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Government of Kenya and UNDP |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf }}</ref> wanda ya haddasa ambaliya a ƙauyukan da ke bakin tafkin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Tsawon ƙasa (Bathymetry) == [[File:Lake Vic Bathy.jpg|thumb|Taswirar tsawon ƙasa ta Tafkin Victoria<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2016 – LakeVicFish Dataverse | doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr| date=2018-05-17 | last1=Hamilton | first1=Stuart | last2=Munyaho | first2=Anthony Taabu | last3=Krach | first3=Noah | last4=Glaser | first4=Sarah |type = Data Set|journal = Harvard Dataverse}}</ref>]] Tafkin Victoria tafki ne mai faɗi amma ba shi da zurfi sosai, yana da matsakaicin zurfi kusan {{convert|80|m|ft}} da matsakaicin zurfi kusan {{convert|40|m|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = Hamilton, S.E. | date = 2016 | title = Creation of a Bathymetric Map of Lake Victoria, Africa | journal = Salisbury.edu | location = Salisbury, MD | publisher = Salisbury University | access-date = 26 December 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161025050539/http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ | archive-date = 2016-10-25 | doi = 10.7910/DVN/SOEKNR}}</ref> A cikin 2016, an digitize wurare dubu goma kuma aka ƙirƙiri taswirar tsawon ƙasa ta farko ta gaskiya na tafkin.<ref name=":0"/> Mafi zurfin ɓangaren tafkin yana gabas kusa da Kenya, kuma tafkin ya fi zama mai sauƙi a yammacin bakin Uganda da kuma kudu a bakin Tanzaniya.<ref name=":0"/> ===Sauran kifaye=== Kifayen da ba cichlid ba na asali sun haɗa da tetras na Afirka (''[[Brycinus]]''), cyprinids (''[[Enteromius]]'', ''[[Garra]]'', ''[[Labeo]]'', ''[[Labeobarbus]]''), da sauransu. Waɗannan kifaye suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin rayuwar tabkin, musamman wajen sarrafa abinci da kuzari a cikin ruwa. A tarihi, Tabkin Victoria ya kasance yana da yalwar kifaye masu yawa, ciki har da nau’o’in da ba a same su a ko’ina ba (endemics). Sai dai yawancin waɗannan nau’o’in sun ɓace tun daga shekarun 1940.<ref name="Witte1992">{{cite journal | last1 = Witte | last2 = Goldschmidt | last3 = Goudswaard | last4 = Ligtvoet | last5 = van Oijen | last6 = Wanink | year = 1992 | title = Species extinction and concomitant ecological changes in Lake Victoria | journal = Netherlands Journal of Zoology | volume = 42 | issue = 2–3| pages = 214–32 | doi = 10.1163/156854291X00298 }}</ref> Babban rukuni na kifi a Tabkin Victoria shi ne kifayen cichlid na haplochromine (''[[Haplochromis]]'' ''[[sensu lato]]''), wanda ya ƙunshi fiye da nau’o’i 500, kusan dukkaninsu na musamman ga wannan yankin ne.<ref name="Verheyen2003"/><ref name="Meier2017">{{cite journal | last1 = Meier | last2 = Marques | last3 = Mwaiko | last4 = Wagner | last5 = Excoffier | last6 = Seehausen | year = 2017 | title = Ancient hybridization fuels rapid cichlid fish adaptive radiations | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 8 | article-number = 14363 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms14363 | pmid = 28186104 | pmc = 5309898 | bibcode = 2017NatCo...814363M }}</ref> Wannan ya sa Tabkin Victoria ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wurare mafi arziki da nau’in kifi a duniya, sai dai [[Tabkin Malawi]].<ref name="Turner2001">{{cite journal |last1=Turner |last2=Seehausen |last3=Knight |last4=Allender |last5=Robinson |year=2001 |title=How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes? |journal=Molecular Ecology |volume=10 |issue=3|pages=793–806 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x |pmid=11298988 |s2cid=12925712 }}</ref> Wannan bambancin nau’o’i ya samo asali ne sakamakon saurin **samuwar sabbin nau’o’i ta hanyar juyin halitta (adaptive radiation)** a cikin kusan shekaru 15,000 da suka gabata.<ref name="Verheyen2003"/><ref name="Meier2017"/> Kifayen haplochromine na Victoria suna nuna bambance-bambancen jima’i (males suna da launuka masu haske, mata kuma ba su da haske sosai),<ref>{{Cite journal | author = Rijssel | author2 = Moser | author3 = Frei | author4 = Seehausen | title = Prevalence of disruptive selection predicts extent of species differentiation in Lake Victoria cichlids | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 285 | issue = 1871 | date = 2018 | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2017.2630 | pmid = 29367400 | pmc = 5805951 }}</ref> kuma suna da bambancin rayuwa sosai, suna cin abinci iri-iri kamar: masu cin ragowar abinci (detritivores), masu cin plankton (zooplanktivores), masu cin kwari (insectivores), masu cin ƙananan jatan ruwa (prawn-eaters), masu cin katantanwa (molluscivores), da masu cin sauran kifi (piscivores).<ref name="Lowe2009"/> Sakamakon shigowar [[Nile perch]] da kuma gurɓacewar ruwa (eutrophication), an yi kiyasin cewa aƙalla nau’o’i 200 na haplochromine sun ɓace, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 40% na jinsin da ke tabkin.<ref name="DeWeerdt2004"/><ref name="Lowe2009"/><ref name="Rijssel2013">{{cite journal |last1=van Rijssel |last2=Witte |year=2013 |title=Adaptive responses in resurgent Lake Victoria cichlids over the past 30 years |journal=Evol. Ecol. |volume=27 |issue=2|pages=253–67 |doi=10.1007/s10682-012-9596-9 }}</ref> Wasu nau’o’in sun ɓace gaba ɗaya, wasu kuma sun rage sosai, yayin da wasu suka tsira a ƙananan tabkuna na gefe, ko kuma a wuraren duwatsu da ciyayi na papyrus da ke kare su daga mafarauta.<ref name="Chapman1996">{{cite journal | last1 = Chapman | last2 = Chapman | last3 = Chandler | year = 1996 | title = Wetland ecotones as refugia for endangered fishes | journal = Biological Conservation | volume = 78 | issue = 3| pages = 263–70 }}</ref> Wasu kuma sun daidaita da sabbin yanayi a tabkin, kamar samun manyan gill don jure ƙarancin iskar oxygen, sauye-sauyen siffar baki, da ingantaccen gani a ruwa mai datti.<ref name="Witte2000"/><ref name="Lowe2009"/> A yau, wasu daga cikin waɗannan kifaye suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin gidajen adana dabbobi (zoos da aquaria), yayin da wasu suka riga sun ɓace gaba ɗaya daga yanayi.<ref name="Sayer2018"/> ===Crustaceans=== Nau’o’in [[ƙadangaren ruwa mai ɗanɗano (freshwater crab)|ƙadangaren ruwa mai ɗanɗano]] guda huɗu an san su a cikin [[Tabkin Victoria]]. Daga cikinsu, ''[[Potamonautes niloticus]]'' yana yaɗuwa a cikin tabkin, kuma ''[[Potamonautes emini|P. emini]]'' an ruwaito samuwarsa a yankin [[Bukoba]] a Tanzaniya, amma dukkansu ana samun su a wasu wurare a Afirka kuma.<ref>Cumberlidge, N. (2009). "Freshwater Crabs and Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Nile Basin". Chapter 27, pp. 547–61 in : Dumony, H.J. (editor). ''The Nile. Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use. Monographiae Biologicae'', Vol. 89. Springer, New York. {{ISBN|978-1-4020-9726-3}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite iucn | author = Cumberlidge, N. | title = ''Potamonautes emini'' | volume = 2016 | article-number = e.T44523A84352263 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T44523A84352263.en | access-date = 14 January 2018}}</ref> Nau’o’in na ƙarshe guda biyu an fara bayyana su a kimiyyance a shekarar 2017, kuma har yanzu ba a san abubuwa da yawa game da su ba: ''[[Potamonautes entebbe|P. entebbe]]'' kawai an san shi daga yankin kusa da [[Entebbe]] (samfurin da aka tattara shi kaɗai a 1955, kuma ba a tabbatar ko an samo shi cikin ko kusa da tabkin ba), sannan ''[[Potamonautes busungwe|P. busungwe]]'' kuma an same shi ne kawai a Tsibirin Busungwe a arewa maso yammacin tabkin. Wannan nau’i na ƙarshe yana iya zama mafi ƙanƙanta ƙadangaren ruwa a Afirka, tare da faɗin ƙwaryar jikinsa (carapace) har zuwa kusan {{cvt|1.6|cm|in|1}}, kodayake ''[[Potamonautes kantsyore|P. kantsyore]]'' na Kogin Kagera da kuma ''[[Platythelphusa]] maculata'' da ''P. polita'' na Tabkin Tanganyika suna kusa da wannan ƙanƙantar.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cumberlidge | first1 = N. | last2 = Clark | first2 = P.F. | year = 2017 | title = Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) | journal = European Journal of Taxonomy | issue = 371| pages = 1–19 | doi = 10.5852/ejt.2017.371 | doi-access = free | hdl = 10141/622400 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> [[File:Lake Victoria IMG 20200202 145633.jpg|alt=Tabkin Victoria.|thumb|Tabkin Victoria daga nesa mai faɗi.]] Shrimp/prawn guda ɗaya da ake samu shi ne ''[[Caridina nilotica]]'',<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Goudswaard | first1 = K. | last2 = Witte | first2 = F. | last3 = Wanink | first3 = J.H. | year = 2006 | title = The shrimp Caridina nilotica in Lake Victoria (East Africa), before and after the Nile perch increase | journal = Hydrobiologia | volume = 563 | issue = 1| pages = 31–44 | doi = 10.1007/s10750-005-1385-9 | bibcode = 2006HyBio.563...31G | s2cid = 40935454 }}</ref> wanda yake da yawa kuma ya yaɗu a cikin Tabkin Victoria.<ref name="Lowe2009"/> ===Molluscs (Dabbobin ƙwarya)=== Tabkin Victoria na ɗauke da nau’o’in [[katantanwar ruwa mai ɗanɗano]] 28 (misali: ''[[Bellamya (gastropod)|Bellamya]]'', ''[[Biomphalaria]]'', ''[[Bulinus]]'', ''[[Cleopatra (gastropod)|Cleopatra]]'', ''[[Gabbiella]]'', da ''[[Melanoides]]''), ciki har da nau’o’i 12 da ke musamman ga wannan wuri (endemic).<ref name="Darwall2011">{{Cite book | editor1=Darwall, W. | editor2=Smith, K. | editor3=Allen, D. | editor4=Holland, R. | editor5=Harrison, I. | editor6=Brooks, E. | year=2011 | title=The Diversity of Life in African Freshwaters: Under Water, Under Threat. An Analysis of the Status and Distribution of Freshwater Species Throughout Mainland Africa | author1=Seddon, M. | author2=Appleton, C. | author3=Van Damme, D. | author4=Graf, D. | chapter=Freshwater Molluscs of Africa: Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation | pages=92–119 | isbn=978-2-8317-1345-8 }}</ref><ref>Brown, D. (1994). ''Freshwater Snails of Africa and Their Medical Importance.'' 2nd edition. {{ISBN|0-7484-0026-5}}{{full|date = December 2024}}</ref>{{page needed|date = December 2024}} Haka kuma akwai nau’o’in [[bivalves]] 17 (misali: ''[[Corbicula]]'', ''[[Coelatura]]'', ''[[Sphaerium]]'', da ''[[Byssanodonta]]''), ciki har da nau’o’i 6 da ke musamman ga wannan wuri.<ref name="Darwall2011"/><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Mwambungu | first1 = J.A. | year = 2004 | title = The diversity of benthic molluscs of Lake Victoria and Lake Burigi | journal = Tanzania Journal of Science| volume = 30 | issue = 1| pages = 21–32 | doi = 10.4314/tjs.v30i1.18384 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Wataƙila har yanzu akwai nau’o’in katantanwa da ba a bayyana su a kimiyya ba. A gefe guda kuma, binciken kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa wasu nau’o’in da aka riga aka bambanta a zahiri (morphology) na iya kasancewa bambance-bambancen nau’i guda ne kawai.<ref name="Sayer2018"/> Nau’o’in katantanwa biyu, ''Biomphalaria'' da ''Bulinus'', suna ɗauke da [[tsutsar bilharzia (schistosomiasis)|parasite]] da ke haifar da cutar [[bilharzia]]. Kamuwa da wannan cuta a yankin Tabkin Victoria ya zama ruwan dare.<ref>{{cite news |author=Senthilingam, M. |date=9 February 2016 |title=The Snails Spreading Fever Across Africa | url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/09/health/snails-spread-schistosomiasis-in-africa/index.html | publisher=CNN | access-date=16 May 2018}}</ref> Wannan na iya ƙaruwa sakamakon yawaitar [[ruwan ciyawar hyacinth (water hyacinth)]], wanda ke zama wurin da katantanwa ke rayuwa sosai,<ref>{{cite web |author=Chege, N. |date=1995 |title=Lake Victoria: A Sick Giant |url=http://faculty.fgcu.edu/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/LakeVictoriaCrisis.pdf |publisher=People & the Planet |access-date=16 May 2018 |archive-date=17 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517153755/http://faculty.fgcu.edu/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/LakeVictoriaCrisis.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma raguwar kifayen cichlid masu cin katantanwa a cikin tabkin.<ref>{{cite web |author=Pomerantz, J. |date=19 September 2015 |title=Haplochromine Cichlids of Lake Victoria |url=https://www.ecologycenter.us/natural-history-2/haplochromine-cichlids-of-lake-victoria.html |publisher=ecologycenter.us |access-date=16 May 2018 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804140824/https://www.ecologycenter.us/natural-history-2/haplochromine-cichlids-of-lake-victoria.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Gizo-gizo=== ''[[Evarcha culicivora]]'' wani nau’in gizo-gizo ne mai tsalle (family [[Salticidae]]) da ake samu kawai a kewayen Tabkin Victoria a Kenya da Uganda. Yana cin abinci musamman sauro mata.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nelson|first1=Ximena J.|last2=Jackson|first2=Robert R.|last3=Sune|first3=Godfrey|date=2005|title=Use of Anopheles-Specific Prey-Capture Behavior by the Small Juveniles of Evarcha culicivora, a Mosquito-Eating Jumping Spider|journal=The Journal of Arachnology|volume=33|issue=2|pages=541–548|doi=10.1636/05-3.1|issn=0161-8202|jstor=4129852|s2cid=55244513|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/228863}}</ref> == Kamun kifi == [[File:Ugandan fishing boats.jpg|thumb|Masunta da jiragen su a bakin Tafkin Victoria]] Tafkin Victoria yana tallafawa babbar kamun kifi ta cikin ƙasa a Afirka (tun daga 1997).<ref name="Geheb97">{{cite thesis |author=Kim Geheb |year=1997 |title=The Regulators and the regulated: fisheries management, options and dynamics in Kenya's Lake Victoria Fishery |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Sussex |access-date=12 October 2010 |archive-date=7 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007142331/http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.336275 }}</ref> A farko kamun kifin ya ƙunshi nau’o’in asali, musamman tilapia da haplochromine cichlids, amma har da catfish (''Bagrus'', ''Clarias'', ''Synodontis'' da silver butter catfish), elephantfish, ningu (''Labeo victorianus'') da marbled lungfish (''Protopterus aethiopicus'').<ref name="LVFO2016">Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (2016). {{cite web |title=Lake Victoria Fisheries: An introduction |access-date=2017-03-27 |archive-date=15 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915061916/http://www.lvfo.org/index.php/lvfo/lvfo-secretariat/5-lake-victoria-fisheries-an-introduction }}</ref><ref name="Njiru2005">{{cite journal | last1 = Njiru | last2 = Waithaka | last3 = Muchiri | last4 = van Knaap | last5 = Cowx | year = 2005 | title = Exotic introductions to the fishery of Lake Victoria: What are the management options? | journal = Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = 147–55 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-1770.2005.00270.x | archive-date = 2 February 2021 | access-date = 20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202102022/https://karuspace.karu.ac.ke/handle/20.500.12092/2060 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin waɗannan, ciki har da tilapia da ningu (''Labeo victorianus''), sun ragu tun farkon karni na 20 saboda kamun fiye da kima.<ref name="Lowe2009"/><ref>{{Cite iucn | author = FishBase team RMCA & Geelhand, D. | title = ''Labeo victorianus'' | volume = 2016 | article-number = e.T60318A47182908 | date = 2016 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T60318A47182908.en | access-date = 14 January 2018}}</ref> Don ƙara yawan kamun kifi, an shigo da nau’o’in tilapia da Nile perch a cikin 1950s. Duk da haka, nau’o’in asali sun ci gaba da mamaye kamun kifi har zuwa 1970s inda raguwar su ya sa aka koma sosai ga Nile tilapia (yanzu kashi 7 cikin 100 na kamun), Nile perch (kashi 60 cikin 100) da sardine na Tafkin Victoria (kashi 30 cikin 100).<ref name="Lowe2009"/><ref name="Njiru2005"/> Saboda ƙaramin girman sa, sardine mai yawa a cikin tafkin bai tallafawa manyan kamun kifi ba sai bayan raguwar sauran nau’o’in asali.<ref name="Njiru2005"/> A kololuwa a farkon shekarun 1990s, ton 500,000 na Nile perch ana kamawa kowace shekara a Tafkin Victoria, amma wannan ya ragu sosai a baya-bayan nan.<ref name="Lowe2009"/> == Matsalolin Muhalli == Akwai matsalolin muhalli da dama da ke da alaƙa da Tafkin Victoria, kuma bacewar yawancin nau’in kifin cichlid na asali an kira shi “mafi girman misali na halakar halittu da ɗan adam ya haddasa a cikin wani muhalli”.<ref name="Fiedler1998"/> === Kifayen da aka shigo da su (Invasive fish) === Tun daga shekarun 1950, an shigo da nau’o’in kifi da dama cikin Tafkin Victoria, inda suka zama masu mamaye muhalli (invasive) kuma suka zama babban dalilin bacewar yawancin kifin cichlid na asali.<ref name="Witte1992"/> Daga cikin kifayen da aka shigo da su akwai nau’o’in tilapia da dama: redbreast (Coptodon rendalli), redbelly (C. zillii), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) da blue-spotted tilapia (O. leucostictus).<ref name="Lowe2009"/><ref name="Njiru2005"/><ref name="Pringle2005"/> Ko da yake waɗannan kifaye sun taimaka wajen sauya tsarin muhalli ta hanyar yin gasa da kifayen asali da rage yawansu, har ma a wasu lokuta (musamman Nile tilapia) ana zargin sun yi haɗuwa da kifayen tilapia na asali da ke cikin haɗarin bacewa, mafi shahara daga cikin shigarwar ita ce babban kifin cin nama mai ƙarfi, wato Nile perch (Lates niloticus).<ref name="Witte1992"/><ref name="Lowe2009"/><ref name="Njiru2005"/> [[File:Lates niloticus 2.jpg|thumb|Nile perch an shigo da shi Tafkin Victoria domin kamun kifi, kuma yana iya kaiwa tsayin mita 2 da nauyin kilo 200.<ref>{{FishBase | genus = Lates | species = niloticus | month = March| year = 2017}}</ref>]] Tun farkon shekarun 1920, an fara ba da shawarar shigo da babban kifin cin nama kamar Nile perch domin inganta kamun kifi a tafkin. Amma an kuma yi gargaɗi cewa hakan na iya haifar da babbar illa ga kifayen asali, don haka aka buƙaci a yi bincike sosai kafin aiwatarwa.<ref name="Pringle2005"/> Waɗannan gargaɗi sun fi mayar da hankali kan tilapia na asali (O. esculentus), domin ƙananan kifin haplochromine (duk da muhimmancinsu a kamun kifi na gida) an ɗauke su a matsayin “kifin sharar gida” a lokacin mulkin mallaka.<ref name="Pringle2005"/> A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, matsin lamba na shigo da Nile perch ya ci gaba, haka kuma gargaɗi game da illarsa.<ref name="Pringle2005"/> Shigar farko a yankin, da Hukumar Kula da Dabbobin da Kamun Kifi ta Uganda ta yi (a lokacin tana ƙarƙashin gwamnatin mulkin mallaka), ya faru ne a saman Murchison Falls bayan kammala Dam ɗin Owen Falls a 1954, wanda ya ba shi damar ya bazu zuwa Tafkin Kyoga.<ref name="Pringle2005"/> Daga baya kuma an ƙara sakin shi a Kyoga a 1955, amma ba a fara shi kai tsaye a Victoria ba.<ref name="Pringle2005"/> Masana sun yi kira a dakata har sai an fahimci tasirin sa, amma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 an fara kama Nile perch a Tafkin Victoria.<ref name="Pringle2005"/> Da yake ya riga ya shiga tafkin, ba a yi tsayayya sosai ba lokacin da aka ƙara shigar da shi a 1962–63 domin ƙara yawan sa.<ref name="Pringle2005"/> Asalin yadda Nile perch ya fara shiga Tafkin Victoria ba cikakke ba ne kuma babu tabbataccen hujja. Jami’an Hukumar Kula da Dabbobin da Kamun Kifi ta Uganda sun musanta hannu, amma wasu hujjoji da shaidun ma’aikatan da aka yi amfani da su a hukumar sun nuna cewa an shigo da shi a 1954–55 bisa umarnin manyan jami’ai.<ref name="Pringle2005"/> Wasu sun ce kifin ya iya wucewa ta Dam ɗin Owen Falls ne lokacin gyara, amma masana da dama sun ɗauki wannan a matsayin abu mai wahala sosai.<ref name="Pringle2005"/> Nile perch ya bazu cikin duk tafkin zuwa shekarar 1970.<ref name="Lowe2009"/> A farko yawan sa ya yi ƙasa, amma daga baya ya ƙaru sosai ya kai kololuwa a shekarun 1980, sannan ya fara raguwa daga shekarun 1990.<ref name="Lowe2009"/> === Mamayar ruwan hyacinth === Ruwan hyacinth ya zama babbar matsalar shuke-shuke masu mamaye muhalli a Tafkin Victoria. Zubar da ruwan datti ba tare da tacewa ba, da kuma ruwan noma da masana’antu kai tsaye cikin tafkin a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata ya ƙara sinadaran nitrogen da phosphorus, wanda ya jawo girman shukar ruwan hyacinth mai yawa a ƙarshen shekarun 1990.<ref name="Luilo"/><ref>...</ref> Wannan shuka tana rage iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa, tana hana ruɓar shuke-shuke yadda ya kamata, tana ƙara guba da cututtuka ga kifi da mutane. Haka kuma tana hana jiragen ruwa motsi, tana toshe bakin ruwa, tana hana samar da wutar lantarki, da hana shan ruwa ga masana’antu.<ref name="Luilo"/> A gefe guda, tarin shukar na iya samar da wurin buya ga kifaye daga kamun kifi, har ma an ga dawowar wasu nau’o’in kifaye da ake tunanin sun ɓace. Amma har yanzu tasirinta gaba ɗaya ba a tabbatar da shi ba.<ref/> An fara lura da yawan ta daga 1993, ta kai kololuwa a 1997, sannan ta fara raguwa a 2001.<ref/> An yi ƙoƙarin cire ta da hannu, amma ta sake girma da sauri. Daga baya aka fara amfani da kwari na halitta da jiragen yanka shuka, wanda ya fi tasiri.<ref/> Haka kuma an kafa wata tashar makamashi a Kisumu a 2013 da ke amfani da hyacinth wajen samar da gas da taki.<ref/> === Gurɓatar muhalli === Gurɓatar Tafkin Victoria na faruwa ne sakamakon zubar da ruwan datti kai tsaye cikin tafkin, da zubar da shara daga gidaje da masana’antu, da sinadaran taki daga gonaki. Birane da garuruwa da dama a kewayen tafkin suna fitar da ruwan datti ba tare da tsarkakewa ba, wanda ke ƙara lalata ruwa da jawo eutrophication, wanda kuma ke taimakawa yaduwar ruwan hyacinth.<ref/> Yawan sare dazuka ya rage ikon ƙasa na tace gurɓataccen ruwa, wanda ya ƙara lalata ingancin ruwan tafkin.<ref/> === Bayanai na muhalli === Akwai ma’ajiyar bayanan muhalli na Tafkin Victoria tun daga 2016, wanda ke ɗauke da bayanan bakin teku, zurfin ruwa, gurɓatawa, zafin ruwa, iska da sauran muhimman bayanai. A shekarar 2026 an ƙara faɗaɗa wannan tsarin bayanai tare da sabon rahoton yanayin tafkin na 2025, wanda ya nuna yadda ake sa ido kan sauyin muhalli da yanayi ga miliyoyin mutane da ke rayuwa a yankin tafkin. == Tarihi da Bincike == [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-3-183.jpg|thumb|Bismarck Rock]] Bayanan farko da aka rubuta game da Tafkin Victoria sun fito ne daga ’yan kasuwar [[Larabawa]] da ke bin hanyoyin cikin nahiyar don neman [[zinariya]], [[hauren giwa]], wasu muhimman kayayyaki masu daraja, da kuma [[bauta]]. [[File:Africa Lake Victoria 10 006.jpg|left|thumb|Tafkin kamar yadda ake ganinsa daga gabar Speke Resort a Kampala, Uganda]] Yawancin ƙabilun Afirka suna zaune a yankin da ke kewaye da tafkin. Turawan [[Turai]] na farko da ya fara ganin tafkin shi ne a shekarar 1858, lokacin da mai binciken Birtaniya [[John Hanning Speke]] ya isa kudancin gabar tafkin yayin tafiyarsa tare da [[Richard Francis Burton]] domin binciken Afirka ta tsakiya da gano Manyan Tafkuna. Speke ya yi imanin cewa ya gano tushen kogin [[Nile]] ne lokacin da ya ga wannan “babban shimfidar ruwa mai faɗi” a karon farko, don haka ya sanya wa tafkin suna na Sarauniya Victoria. Burton, wanda a lokacin yana jinya kuma yana hutawa a Kazeh (kusa da [[Tabora]] ta yau),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Millard |first=Candice |title=River of the Gods |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group}}{{full|date = December 2024}}</ref>{{page needed|date = December 2024}} ya fusata sosai saboda Speke ya yi ikirarin cewa ya tabbatar da gano tushen Kogin Nile, abin da Burton ya ɗauka har yanzu ba a tabbatar da shi ba. Wannan ya haifar da babbar rigima a fili, wadda ta tayar da muhawara mai zafi a cikin masana kimiyya na wancan lokaci, tare da ƙara sha’awar wasu masu bincike da ke son tabbatarwa ko karyata binciken Speke.<ref name = "DNB">{{DNB Cite|wstitle=Speke, John Hanning}}</ref> [[File:View at Lake Victoria (Uganda).jpg|thumb|Karamar jirgin ruwa mai motsi a Tafkin Victoria, kusa da gabar Uganda]] A ƙarshen shekarun 1860, shahararren mai bincike kuma mishan ɗin [[David Livingstone]] ya kasa tabbatar da gano Speke, sai dai ya karkata zuwa yamma fiye da kima har ya shiga tsarin Kogin [[Congo]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.jambokenya.com/jambo/location/victoria.htm| archive-url=https://archive.today/19970617231906/http://www.jambokenya.com/jambo/location/victoria.htm| archive-date=17 June 1997| title=Kenya, Africa – Lake Victoria in Kenya| publisher=Jambo Kenya Network| access-date=14 July 2008}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe, mai binciken Birtaniya-Amurka [[Henry Morton Stanley]], a cikin balaguron da jaridar ''[[New York Herald]]'' ta ɗauki nauyi, ya tabbatar da gaskiyar abin da Speke ya gano, inda ya zagaya tafkin tsakanin 1875–1876 kuma ya ruwaito babban hanyar fitar ruwan da ke [[Ripon Falls]] a arewacin gabar tafkin. == Amfani da Ruwa == Yawancin garuruwa da birane sun dogara da Tafkin Victoria wajen samun ruwan sha, noma da sauran amfani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Victoria {{!}} Size, Map, Countries, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria|access-date=2020-08-24|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> === Tsarin Ruwan Lamadi === Tsarin ruwan Lamadi wani aikin ruwa da tsafta ne da ke yi wa biranen Mwanza da ƙananan garuruwan Lamadi, Misungwi, Magu, Bukoba, da Musoma hidima a bakin Tafkin Victoria. Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai ya fara aikin a shekarar 2013 da nufin kare lafiyar muhalli na tafkin, ta hanyar inganta ruwa da tsafta a garuruwan da gurɓataccen ruwansu ke taimakawa lalacewar tafkin. Aikin yana nufin samar da ruwan sha mai tsafta ga kimanin mutane miliyan guda, da kuma inganta tsafta ga mutane 100,000. Ana tace laka da ƙazanta da ke cikin ruwa ta amfani da yashi wanda ke aiki kamar matatar tacewa. Daga nan ruwan yana shirye don a saka masa sinadarin chlorin ko a bi wasu hanyoyin tsarkake shi. Tacewar yashi na taimakawa rage cututtukan da ke yaduwa ta ruwa, kuma yana amfani da albarkatun muhalli na yankin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Development Solutions: Creative flow|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/creative-development-solutions|access-date=2020-08-24|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref> === Dam ɗin Nalubaale === [[File:From top of Nalubaale Power Station.jpg|thumb|right|Tashar wutar lantarki ta [[Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station]] a [[Njeru]], Uganda.]] Wurin da ruwan Tafkin Victoria ke fita shi ne a Jinja, Uganda, inda ya zama Kogin Victoria Nile. Shekaru sama da 12,000 ana samun fitar ruwan ta kan wata dutsen halitta mai kama da shinge. A shekarar 1952, injiniyoyi na gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta [[British Uganda]] sun fashe wannan dutsen domin maye gurbinsa da wani ginin da aka yi da hannu (barrage) don sarrafa matakin ruwan tafkin da rage lalacewar dutsen. An kafa ƙa’ida mai suna “agreed curve” domin kwaikwayon tsohon tsarin fitar ruwan, inda aka kayyade yawan ruwan da ke fita tsakanin mita kubik 300 zuwa 1,700 a cikin dakika ɗaya dangane da matakin ruwan tafkin. A shekarar 2002, Uganda ta kammala gina wani sabon tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa a yankin, wato Kiira Hydroelectric Power Station, tare da taimakon Bankin Duniya. Zuwa shekarar 2006, matakin ruwan Tafkin Victoria ya kai mafi ƙanƙanta cikin shekaru 80, kuma Daniel Kull, wani masanin ilimin ruwa mai zaman kansa da ke zaune a Nairobi, Kenya, ya ƙiyasta cewa Uganda na fitar da ruwa sau biyu fiye da adadin da aka amince da shi,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 |title=Uganda pulls plug on Lake Victoria |journal=[[New Scientist]] |date=9 February 2006 |author=Fred Pearce |volume=2538 |page=12 |access-date=2 September 2017 |archive-date=13 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013113221/http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 }}</ref> kuma hakan shi ne babban dalilin raguwar matakin ruwan tafkin a kwanan nan. == Sufuri == [[File:Ukerewe-Mwanza Ferry.jpg|thumb|Jirgin ruwan Ukerewe-Mwanza Ferry.]] Tun daga shekarun 1900s, jiragen ruwan Tafkin Victoria sun kasance muhimmin hanyar sufuri tsakanin Uganda, Tanzaniya da Kenya. Manyan tashoshin jirgin ruwa a tafkin sun haɗa da Kisumu, Mwanza, Bukoba, Entebbe, Port Bell, da Jinja. Har zuwa 1963, mafi saurin da sabuwar jirgin ruwan MV Victoria (1959) an ayyana shi a matsayin Royal Mail Ship. A cikin 1966, an kafa sabis na jirgin ƙasa tsakanin Kenya da Tanzaniya tare da gabatar da MV Uhuru da MV Umoja. Jirgin ruwan MV Bukoba ya nutse a tafkin a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1996 inda aka rasa rayukan mutane tsakanin 800 zuwa 1,000, wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan haɗuran ruwa a Afirka.<ref>{{cite news|title=Diver's recover 180 bodies from Africa's worst ferry disaster|date=29 September 2002|work=Panama City News Herald|location=Panama city, Florida|page=8|last=Harris|first=Edward|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref> Wani mummunan haɗari ya faru kwanan nan a ranar 20 ga Satumba 2018 wanda ya shafi jirgin ruwan fasinja MV Nyerere daga Tanzaniya wanda ya jawo mutuwar fiye da mutane 200.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ferry tragedy: More than 200 feared dead in Tanzania|website=The East African|language=en|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2022, Tafkin Victoria ya kasance wurin hatsarin jirgin fasinja na kasuwanci. Jirgin Precision Air Flight 494, ATR 42–500 mai ɗauke da fasinjoji 39 da ma’aikata 4, ya yi hatsari yayin da yake kusantar Bukoba Airport, wanda ya jawo mutuwar mutane 19.<ref>{{cite news|title=19 dead after commercial aircraft crashes into Lake Victoria in Tanzania |date=6 November 2022|first1=Idris|last1=Mukhtar|first2=Lauren|last2=Said-Moorhouse|first3=Larry|last3=Madowo|work=CNN|access-date=6 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Passenger plane crashes into Lake Victoria in Tanzania, 19 dead|first=Nuzulack|last=Dausen|date=6 November 2022|work=Reuters|access-date=6 November 2022}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} == Mahaɗu == {{Commons category|Lake Victoria}} {{EB1911 Poster|Victoria Nyanza|Lake Victoria}} * [http://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/homepage.asp?ID=306 Decreasing levels of Lake Victoria Worry East African Countries] * [https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 New Scientist article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013113221/http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 |date=13 October 2008 }} on Uganda's violation of the agreed curve for hydroelectric water flow. * [http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 Dams Draining Lake Victoria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310044431/http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 |date=10 March 2012 }} * [https://archive.org/details/naturalistonlake00carp ''A Naturalist on Lake Victoria, with an Account of Sleeping Sickness and the Tse-tse Fly''] (1920). T.F. Unwin Ltd, London; Biodiversity Archive * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9VJ6cezlnU Video of Lake Victoria] * Institutions of the East African Community: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213132137/http://www.lvfo.org/ Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation] 18gmkz6q9k8cz5tz1rusq0nlla87hep 0 153248 887945 842849 2026-07-27T03:36:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Lesego Chombo | image = Lesego Chombo, 2022.jpeg | image_upright | caption = Lesego Chombo a shekarar 2024 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1998|7|30}} | birth_place = Shorobe, Botswana | nationality = Ɗan ƙasar Botswana | occupation = Lauya, 'yar siyasa, mai rajin taimakon jama'a, tsohuwar sarauniyar kyau | office = Ministar Matasa da Harkokin Jinsi ta Botswana | term_start = 11 Nuwamba 2024 | president = Duma Boko | alma_mater = Jami'ar Botswana | known_for = Miss Botswana 2022, Miss World Africa 2024 }} '''Lesego Chombo''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Yuli 1998) lauya ce, 'yar siyasa, kuma tsohuwar sarauniyar kyau daga ƙasar Botswana. Ta zama sananniya bayan lashe kambun '''Miss Botswana 2022''' sannan daga baya ta wakilci ƙasarta a gasar '''Miss World 2023''', inda ta samu matsayi a cikin manyan huɗu tare da lashe taken '''Miss World Africa 2024'''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesego_Chombo |title=Lesego Chombo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2024, shugaban ƙasar Botswana, '''Duma Boko''', ya naɗa ta Ministar Matasa da Harkokin Jinsi, lamarin da ya sanya ta zama mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ta taɓa riƙe muƙamin minista a tarihin Botswana.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Proud to be young' - Beauty queen, lawyer and Botswana's youngest cabinet minister |url=https://feeds.bbci.co.uk/news/articles/c1mev5ygk0yo |work=BBC News |date=2025-05-11 |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da karatu == An haifi Lesego Chombo a garin '''Shorobe''' da ke yankin North-West District na Botswana. Tun tana ƙarama ta nuna ƙwazo wajen karatu da jagoranci. Ta yi karatun lauya a '''Jami'ar Botswana''', inda ta shiga harkokin taimakon al'umma da ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesego_Chombo |title=Lesego Chombo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Aikin lauya == Bayan kammala karatunta, Chombo ta yi aiki a wasu kamfanonin shari'a a Botswana. Ta fi mayar da hankali wajen kare haƙƙin mata, matasa, da marasa galihu. Ta kuma bayyana burinta na kafa nata cibiyar shari'a domin taimaka wa marasa ƙarfi a cikin al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://welcomeafrica.org/en/lesego-chombo-from-miss-botswana-to-youngest-minister-in-the-country/ |title=Lesego Chombo from Miss Botswana to youngest minister in the country |website=Welcome Africa |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Gasar sarauniyar kyau == Chombo ta fara fitowa a harkar sarauniyar kyau tun tana matashiya. Ta samu karin suna bayan lashe '''Miss Botswana 2022'''. A gasar '''Miss World 2023''', ta shiga cikin manyan 'yan takara kuma aka ba ta taken '''Miss World Africa'''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kutlwano.gov.bw/mobile/kut-article-detail.php?aid=979&cid=5&mid=80 |title=Lesego Chombo wins big |website=Kutlwano Magazine |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> A lokacin mulkinta na sarauniyar kyau, ta kafa '''Lesego Chombo Foundation''' domin taimakon yara da matasa marasa galihu ta hanyar ilimi, horo, da tallafin rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Proud to be young' - Beauty queen, lawyer and Botswana's youngest cabinet minister |url=https://feeds.bbci.co.uk/news/articles/c1mev5ygk0yo |work=BBC News |date=2025-05-11 |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Harkokin siyasa == A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2024, an naɗa Chombo a matsayin mamba ta musamman a Majalisar Dokokin Botswana. Bayan kwanaki kaɗan, shugaban ƙasa Duma Boko ya ayyana ta Ministar Matasa da Harkokin Jinsi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scrolla.africa/beauty-queen-becomes-botswanas-youth-minister/ |title=Beauty queen becomes Botswana’s youth minister |website=Scrolla Africa |date=2024-11-12 |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> Ta bayyana cewa tana son amfani da matsayinta wajen bunƙasa rayuwar matasa, ƙarfafa mata, da samar da damammaki ga yara a Botswana.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Proud to be young' - Beauty queen, lawyer and Botswana's youngest cabinet minister |url=https://feeds.bbci.co.uk/news/articles/c1mev5ygk0yo |work=BBC News |date=2025-05-11 |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manufofi da rajin al'umma == Lesego Chombo ta yi suna wajen: * Ƙarfafa matasa * Yaƙi da rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi * Taimakon yara marasa galihu * Wayar da kai kan ilimi da shugabanci Ta jaddada muhimmancin matasa wajen ci gaban tattalin arziki da siyasar Botswana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://feeds.bbci.co.uk/news/articles/c1mev5ygk0yo |title='Proud to be young' - Beauty queen, lawyer and Botswana's youngest cabinet minister |website=BBC News |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Botswana]] == Manazarta == <references/> [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Botswana politicians]] [[Category:Botswana lawyers]] [[Category:Beauty pageant winners]] [[Category:Women politicians]] 8d7bw9ec5pjlnxl7c0hms09k9ry31w7 0 153256 887940 842867 2026-07-27T02:53:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 5 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Lematia Ruth Molly Ondoru | image = Lematia Ruth Molly Ondoru.jpg | caption = Lematia Ruth Molly Ondoru | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|5|12}} | birth_place = Kisumu, Kenya | nationality = Ɗan ƙasar Kenya | occupation = Malama, 'yar siyasa, mai rajin al'umma | known_for = Wakilin matasa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kenya | office = Memba ta Majalisar Dokoki ta Kenya | term_start = 2022 | party = Jubilee Party | alma_mater = Jami'ar Nairobi }} '''Lematia Ruth Molly Ondoru''' (an haife ta 12 Mayu 1980) malama ce, 'yar siyasa, da mai rajin al'umma daga Kenya. Ta zama sananniya musamman a matsayin wakilin matasa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kenya, inda ta ke mai ƙoƙarin inganta ilimi, lafiya, da damammaki ga matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.go.ke/node/3804 |title=Lematia Ruth Molly Ondoru |website=Parliament of Kenya |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lematia Ondoru a garin '''Kisumu'''. Ta yi karatun firamare da sakandare a garinsu, sannan ta ci gaba da karatu a '''Jami'ar Nairobi''' inda ta sami digiri a fannin ilimi da kuma gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.educationkenya.org/lematia-ondoru |title=Lematia Ondoru Profile |website=Education Kenya |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == Bayan kammala karatunta, Ondoru ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta da kuma shugabar makarantu da dama a Kisumu da kewaye. Ta mai da hankali wajen koyar da matasa, musamman kan ilimin kimiyya da fasaha, da kuma gina ɗabi'u masu kyau.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kenyachildren.org/lematia-ondoru |title=Education and Youth Programs by Ondoru |website=Kenya Children |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Harkokin siyasa == A shekarar 2022, Lematia Ondoru ta samu nasarar zama memba a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kenya karkashin jam'iyyar '''Jubilee Party'''. A majalisa, ta mai da hankali wajen: * Ƙarfafa ilimi da fasaha ga matasa * Samar da ayyukan yi * Kare hakkin mata da matasa * Inganta harkokin lafiya da tsaro a yankin Kisumu<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.go.ke/node/3804 |title=Lematia Ruth Molly Ondoru |website=Parliament of Kenya |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rajin al'umma == Ondoru ta kafa kungiyoyin taimako domin: * Tallafawa yara marasa galihu wajen ilimi * Horar da matasa kan fasaha da sana'o'i * Wayar da kan al'umma kan muhimmancin shugabanci da ɗabi'u masu kyau<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kenyacommunity.org/ondoru |title=Community Outreach by Ondoru |website=Kenya Community |access-date=2026-05-29 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Kenya]] == Manazarta == <references/> [[Category:1980 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Kenyan politicians]] [[Category:Women politicians]] [[Category:Kenyan educators]] [[Category:People from Kisumu]] 5ql9t11ejv0o0kdainxgy4ts7wvgfm4 0 153301 887951 843026 2026-07-27T04:32:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lidwine Umuhoza Uwase''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Yuni 1999) ƙwararriyar mai ninkaya ce [[Ruwanda|a ƙasar Rwanda]] . Ta wakilci Rwanda a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024, inda ta samu maki na 70 da maki 32.03 a tseren mita 50 na mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olympic Games |url=https://swimcloud.com/results/2424 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=Swimcloud |language=en}}</ref> Ta sami rikodin ƙasa guda biyu a tseren mita 100 na mata da kuma bugun breaststroke na mata na mita 50 a lokacin Gasar Iyo ta Afirka ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lidwine UMUHOZA UWASE {{!}} Results {{!}} World Aquatics Official |url=https://www.worldaquatics.com/athletes/1056967/www.worldaquatics.com/athletes/1056967/lidwine-umuhoza-uwase |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=World Aquatics |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 76voifj1th5maeft96ln90gv9tfg6g5 0 153410 888064 843280 2026-07-27T10:02:35Z BnHamid 12586 888064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Atlanta Falcons''' ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Amurka ce da ke birnin Atlanta na jihar Georgia, Amurka. Ƙungiyar tana fafatawa a gasar [[National Football League]] (NFL) a matsayin memba na rukunin NFC South na National Football Conference (NFC). An kafa Atlanta Falcons a shekarar 1965 bayan NFL ta bai wa birnin Atlanta damar mallakar sabuwar ƙungiya. Ƙungiyar ta fara buga wasanninta a kakar shekarar 1966. == Tarihi == === Kafuwa === A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1965, NFL ta sanar da bai wa Atlanta damar mallakar sabuwar ƙungiya. Rankin Smith Sr., wani ɗan kasuwa daga Georgia, shi ne ya zama mamallakin farko na ƙungiyar. Falcons ta fara fafatawa a kakar NFL ta 1966. === Shekarun farko === A farkon shekarunta, Falcons ta fuskanci ƙalubale wajen samun nasarori. Duk da haka, ta ci gaba da gina ƙungiya mai ƙarfi har ta samu shiga wasannin neman kambun NFL (playoffs) a shekarar 1978. === Zuwa Super Bowl === Atlanta Falcons ta kai wasan ƙarshe na Super Bowl sau biyu: * '''Super Bowl XXXIII''' (1998) – ta sha kashi a hannun Denver Broncos. * '''Super Bowl LI''' (2016) – ta sha kashi a hannun New England Patriots bayan ta yi gaba da maki 28–3 kafin Patriots su dawo suka yi nasara. Duk da kai wa wasan ƙarshe sau biyu, Falcons ba ta taɓa lashe Super Bowl ba. === Zamani na Matt Ryan === Daga shekarar 2008 zuwa 2021, Matt Ryan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan Falcons. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa nasarori masu yawa kuma ya lashe kyautar NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP) a shekarar 2016. == Filin wasa == Tun daga shekarar 2017, Atlanta Falcons ke amfani da '''Mercedes-Benz Stadium''' a Atlanta. Filin yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasanni na zamani a Amurka kuma yana ɗaukar sama da mutane 70,000. Kafin wannan lokaci, ƙungiyar tana amfani da Georgia Dome daga 1992 zuwa 2016. == Mallaka da shugabanci == Tun daga shekarar 2002, Arthur Blank, wanda yana cikin waɗanda suka kafa kamfanin Home Depot, shi ne mamallakin ƙungiyar. == Manyan nasarori == * Zakaran NFC sau 2 (1998, 2016) * Zakaran NFC South sau da dama * Kai wa Super Bowl sau 2 * Shiga NFL Playoffs sau da yawa tun bayan kafuwarta == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Matt Ryan * Julio Jones * Deion Sanders * Michael Vick * Roddy White * Claude Humphrey * Tommy Nobis * Jessie Tuggle == Alaƙa da Najeriya == Atlanta Falcons ta zaɓi ɗan wasan asalin Najeriya '''Ruke Orhorhoro''' a zagaye na biyu na NFL Draft na shekarar 2024. Ya taka leda tare da ƙungiyar kafin a musanya shi zuwa Jacksonville Jaguars a shekarar 2026. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.atlantafalcons.com/ Shafin hukuma na Atlanta Falcons] * [https://www.nfl.com/teams/atlanta-falcons/ Atlanta Falcons a NFL.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Atlanta Falcons}} [[Category:National Football League teams]] [[Category:Sports clubs established in 1965]] [[Category:Atlanta]] [[Category:American football teams in Georgia (U.S. state)]] [[Category:1965 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:NFC South teams]] sjv5fejgja1vg99v6dcwogf68j7nczj 0 153413 887716 843285 2026-07-26T13:56:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kingston Nyamapfene | image = | caption = Farfesa Kingston Nyamapfene | birth_place = Zimbabwe | nationality = Ɗan Zimbabwe, ɗan Amurka | occupation = Farfesa, masanin kimiyyar ƙasa, shugaban jami'a | known_for = Jagorancin manyan jami'o'i a Afirka da Amurka, bincike kan kimiyyar ƙasa da muhalli | alma_mater = Jami'ar London, Jami'ar Cornell, Jami'ar Aberdeen }} '''Kingston Nyamapfene''' fitaccen farfesa ne kuma shugaban jami'a wanda ya yi suna a fannin kimiyyar ƙasa (Soil Science), noma, kula da muhalli da gudanar da manyan cibiyoyin ilimi a Afirka, Turai da Amurka. Ya riƙe manyan muƙamai a jami'o'i da dama ciki har da '''African University of Science and Technology (AUST)''' da ke Abuja da kuma '''University of Africa, Toru-Orua''' a Jihar Bayelsa, Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wtu-n.net/delegates/professor-kingston-nyamapfene/ |title=Professor Kingston Nyamapfene |publisher=World Technology Universities Network |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Kingston Nyamapfene a ƙasar Zimbabwe. Ya samu digirin farko (BA) a fannin Turanci da Geography daga Jami'ar London. Daga baya ya sami digirin MSc a fannin Agronomy daga Jami'ar Cornell da ke Amurka sannan ya kammala digirin digirgir (PhD) a Kimiyyar Ƙasa daga Jami'ar Aberdeen da ke Scotland. Haka kuma ya samu horo a fannin Remote Sensing daga International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences da ke Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wtu-n.net/delegates/professor-kingston-nyamapfene/ |title=Professor Kingston Nyamapfene |publisher=World Technology Universities Network |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Aikin kimiyya == Nyamapfene ya fara aikinsa a matsayin masanin bincike a Chemistry and Soil Research Institute a Zimbabwe. Daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Zimbabwe inda ya shugabanci sashen kula da ƙasa da kuma taimakawa wajen kafa sashen farko na Soil Science a makarantar aikin gona ta jami'ar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fulbrightscholars.org/grantee/kingston-nyamapfene |title=Kingston Nyamapfene |publisher=Fulbright Scholar Program |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> Ya yi fice wajen bincike kan: * Kimiyyar ƙasa * Noma da sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa * Gyaran muhalli da filayen da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai suka lalata * Tsarin ilimi da bunƙasa jami'o'i Ya wallafa fiye da takardu 70 na bincike a mujallu na kimiyya tare da rubuta ko haɗa littattafai sama da 15.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uafricatoruorua.academia.edu/KingstonNyamapfene |title=Kingston Nyamapfene |publisher=Academia.edu |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Ayyuka a Afirka ta Kudu == A shekarun 1990, Nyamapfene ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Fort Hare inda ya zama shugaban sashen Agronomy sannan daga baya ya zama shugaban Faculty of Agriculture. Bayan haka ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a mai kula da harkokin ilimi da bincike a Vista University ta Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wtu-n.net/delegates/professor-kingston-nyamapfene/ |title=Professor Kingston Nyamapfene |publisher=World Technology Universities Network |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance shugaban Water Research Commission na Afirka ta Kudu tare da jagorantar ayyukan da suka shafi bincike kan ruwa da muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uafricatoruorua.academia.edu/KingstonNyamapfene |title=Kingston Nyamapfene |publisher=Academia.edu |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Ayyuka a Amurka == Nyamapfene ya riƙe manyan muƙamai a jami'o'i da dama a Amurka. Daga ciki akwai: * Assistant Provost for E-Learning da Dean of Continuing Education a Texas Southern University * Dean of International Programs a SUNY Empire State College * Distinguished Leadership Chair a Rocky Mountain College, Montana A waɗannan muƙamai ya taimaka wajen bunƙasa ilimin yanar gizo (online education) da haɗin gwiwar jami'o'in duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wtu-n.net/delegates/professor-kingston-nyamapfene/ |title=Professor Kingston Nyamapfene |publisher=World Technology Universities Network |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Ayyukansa a Najeriya == Nyamapfene ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban manyan jami'o'i a Najeriya. === African University of Science and Technology === Ya kasance shugaban jami'ar '''African University of Science and Technology (AUST)''' da ke Abuja. Jami'ar na daga cikin cibiyoyin Nelson Mandela African Institutes of Science and Technology da ke horar da ɗalibai daga ƙasashen Afirka da dama.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wtu-n.net/delegates/professor-kingston-nyamapfene/ |title=Professor Kingston Nyamapfene |publisher=World Technology Universities Network |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> === University of Africa, Toru-Orua === A shekarar 2019 an naɗa shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a (Vice-Chancellor) na '''University of Africa, Toru-Orua''' da ke Jihar Bayelsa. Ya maye gurbin Farfesa Valentine Aletor bayan karewar wa'adinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://myschoolgist.com/ng/uat-gets-new-vc/ |title=University of Africa Gets New Vice Chancellor |website=MySchoolGist |date=2019-09-25 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> A lokacin mulkinsa jami'ar ta samu ci gaba a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma bunƙasa tsarin gudanarwa. Wa'adinsa ya ƙare a shekarar 2023 inda Farfesa Barclays Ayakoroma ya karɓi ragamar shugabanci a matsayin mukaddashin shugaban jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thewillnews.com/2023/09/01/uat-prof-nyamapfene-bows-out-as-prof-ayakoroma-steps-in-as-acting-vice-chancellor/ |title=UAT: Prof Nyamapfene Bows Out As Prof Ayakoroma Steps In As Acting Vice-Chancellor |website=THEWILL |date=2023-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == Daya daga cikin sanannun littattafan Nyamapfene shi ne: * ''The Soils of Zimbabwe'' Littafin ya zama muhimmin kundin bincike kan nau'o'in ƙasa da hanyoyin amfani da su a Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uafricatoruorua.academia.edu/KingstonNyamapfene |title=Kingston Nyamapfene |publisher=Academia.edu |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Gudummawa == Masana ilimi suna kallon Nyamapfene a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun shugabannin jami'o'i na Afirka saboda gudummawar da ya bayar wajen: * Gina sabbin cibiyoyin ilimi * Haɓaka ilimin yanar gizo * Bunƙasa binciken noma da muhalli * Haɗa jami'o'in Afirka da na duniya cikin haɗin gwiwar ilimi <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wtu-n.net/delegates/professor-kingston-nyamapfene/ |title=Professor Kingston Nyamapfene |publisher=World Technology Universities Network |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Zimbabwean academics]] [[Category:American academics]] [[Category:University administrators]] [[Category:Soil scientists]] [[Category:University of London alumni]] [[Category:Cornell University alumni]] [[Category:University of Aberdeen alumni]] [[Category:African University of Science and Technology]] [[Category:People associated with universities in Nigeria]] [[Category:Environmental scientists]] ```0 snjl3nw5g0t1w7ifftj6utv5unie4lx 0 153416 887929 843295 2026-07-27T01:31:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Law Mefor | image = | birth_date = | birth_place = Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan Adam, marubuci, ɗan jarida, mai sharhi kan harkokin siyasa | known_for = Ilimin halayyar ɗan Adam, aikin jarida, da hidimar gwamnati | office = Kwamishinan Yaɗa Labarai na Jihar Anambra | term_start = 2024 }} '''Law Mefor''' masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan Adam ne daga Najeriya, marubuci, malami, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin yaɗa labarai, kuma jami'in gwamnati. Ya shahara wajen rubuce-rubuce kan harkokin siyasa, zamantakewa da ci gaban Najeriya. A shekarar 2024, gwamnan jihar Anambra, [[Chukwuma Soludo]], ya naɗa shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Yaɗa Labarai na jihar Anambra.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecable.ng/?p=1065135 |title=Soludo appoints Law Mefor as Anambra commissioner for information |website=TheCable |date=2024-09-17 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Law Mefor ya yi karatu a fannoni daban-daban da suka shafi ilimin halayyar ɗan Adam da gudanar da mulki. Ya samu digiri a fannin ''General and Applied Psychology'' daga Jami'ar Jos. Daga baya ya yi karatun ''Forensic Psychology'' a Jami'ar Jihar Nasarawa. Haka kuma ya samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin ''Social Psychology'' daga Jami'ar Najeriya da ke Nsukka. Bugu da ƙari, ya kammala digirin digirgir na biyu (Master's Degree) a fannin Gudanar da Harkokin Jama'a (Public Administration) daga Jami'ar Calabar. Ya kuma samu takardar shaidar karatun aikin jarida (Postgraduate Diploma in Journalism) daga International Institute of Journalism da ke Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.anambradaily.com/2024/09/17/soludo-swears-in-law-mefor-as-new-anambra-information-commissioner/ |title=Soludo Swears in Law Mefor as New Anambra Information Commissioner |website=Anambra Daily |date=2024-09-17 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecable.ng/?p=1065135 |title=Soludo appoints Law Mefor as Anambra commissioner for information |website=TheCable |date=2024-09-17 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Aiki == Mefor ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a International Institute of Journalism, Abuja, inda ya koyar tsawon shekaru masu yawa. Ya kuma yi suna a matsayin mai sharhi da marubucin ra'ayoyi a jaridu da gidajen yanar gizo daban-daban na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://citypost.com.ng/2024/09/18/harnessing-experience-and-technology-dr-law-mefor-takes-charge-as-anambras-information-commissioner/ |title=Harnessing Experience and Technology: Dr. Law Mefor Takes Charge as Anambra’s Information Commissioner |website=Citypost |date=2024-09-18 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> A fagen aikin gwamnati, ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Majalisa (Senior Legislative Aide) da kuma Mataimaki na Musamman ga sanatoci da shugabannin majalisar dattawa. Wannan aiki ya ba shi damar shiga harkokin tsara manufofi da gudanar da binciken siyasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.anambradaily.com/2024/09/17/soludo-swears-in-law-mefor-as-new-anambra-information-commissioner/ |title=Soludo Swears in Law Mefor as New Anambra Information Commissioner |website=Anambra Daily |date=2024-09-17 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Kwamishinan Yaɗa Labarai na Anambra == A watan Satumba na shekarar 2024, Gwamna Chukwuma Soludo ya naɗa Law Mefor a matsayin Kwamishinan Yaɗa Labarai na Jihar Anambra bayan sauyin da aka yi a majalisar zartarwar jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://anambrastate.gov.ng/anambra-assembly-confirms-mefor-as-commissioner-designate-for-information/ |title=Anambra Assembly Confirms Mefor as Commissioner-Designate for Information |publisher=Anambra State Government |date=2024-09-18 |access-date=2026-05-30 |archive-date=2025-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810044000/https://anambrastate.gov.ng/anambra-assembly-confirms-mefor-as-commissioner-designate-for-information/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan rantsar da shi, Mefor ya bayyana cewa zai yi aiki tare da kafafen yaɗa labarai domin inganta ilimin tantance sahihancin bayanai (media literacy) tare da rage yaɗuwar bayanan ƙarya. Ya kuma bayyana aniyarsa ta amfani da fasaha wajen sabunta ma'aikatar yaɗa labarai ta jihar domin ta zama mai inganci da sauƙin isar da bayanai ga jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2024/09/20/mefor-assumes-duty-as-anambra-information-commissioner/ |title=Mefor Assumes Duty as Anambra Information Commissioner |website=THISDAY |date=2024-09-20 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thesun.ng/soludo-swears-in-law-mefor-as-new-anambra-information-commissioner/ |title=Soludo swears-in Law Mefor as new Anambra Information Commissioner |website=The Sun Nigeria |date=2024-09-17 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == Law Mefor ya wallafa littattafai da dama a fannoni daban-daban na siyasa, adabi da zamantakewa. Daga cikin sanannun ayyukansa akwai: * ''The Audacity of Power'' * ''Senator Ken Nnamani: Portrait and the New Nigerian Senate'' * ''Dream Abuja'' * ''Corpers' Odyssey'' * ''Phantasmagoria'' An san shi da rubuce-rubucen sharhi kan siyasar Najeriya da harkokin al'umma, inda yake amfani da ilimin halayyar ɗan Adam wajen nazarin al'amuran siyasa da zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.anambradaily.com/2024/09/17/soludo-swears-in-law-mefor-as-new-anambra-information-commissioner/ |title=Soludo Swears in Law Mefor as New Anambra Information Commissioner |website=Anambra Daily |date=2024-09-17 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.legit.ng/1089723-opinion-what-nnamdi-kanu-told-by-law-mefor.html |title=What Nnamdi Kanu told me – By Law Mefor |website=Legit.ng |date=2017-02-21 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Girmamawa == Law Mefor ya samu matsayin ''Fellow'' na Chartered Institute of Educational Practitioners na Ƙasar Birtaniya (CIEPUK). Haka kuma an san shi a matsayin memba na Abuja School of Social and Political Thought saboda gudummawar da yake bayarwa a fannin tunanin siyasa da zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://leaderbox.africa/leaders/law-mefor |title=Law Mefor Profile |website=LeaderBox Africa |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://citypost.com.ng/2024/09/18/harnessing-experience-and-technology-dr-law-mefor-takes-charge-as-anambras-information-commissioner/ |title=Harnessing Experience and Technology: Dr. Law Mefor Takes Charge as Anambra’s Information Commissioner |website=Citypost |date=2024-09-18 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian psychologists]] [[Category:Nigerian writers]] [[Category:Nigerian journalists]] [[Category:University of Jos alumni]] [[Category:University of Nigeria alumni]] [[Category:University of Calabar alumni]] [[Category:People from Anambra State]] [[Category:Nigerian academics]] [[Category:Nigerian politicians]] ```0 t9xcgm59yoo73md7mjzf1ai4skvt190 0 153446 888057 843361 2026-07-27T09:58:03Z BnHamid 12586 888057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''CAF Coaching Instructors Programme''' (wato '''Shirin Horas da Masu Koyar da Ƙwallon Ƙafa na CAF''') wani tsari ne na horaswa da [[Confederation of African Football]] (CAF) ke gudanarwa domin ƙara wa masu koyar da ƙwallon ƙafa ilimi da ƙwarewa a fannin koyarwa, dabarun wasa, da kuma tsarin ba da lasisin koyar da ƙwallon ƙafa a nahiyar Afirka. A Najeriya, [[Nigeria Football Federation]] (NFF) ce ke haɗin gwiwa da CAF wajen shirya wannan shiri domin bunƙasa ilimin masu horarwa da kuma inganta ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar.<ref>{{cite news |title=NFF set to organize first-ever CAF Coaching Instructors’ Course |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/nff-set-to-organize-first-ever-caf-coaching-instructors-course |publisher=Africa Sport Network |date=5 July 2023 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CAF Coaching Instructors’ Course starts July 5 in Abuja |url=https://dailytrust.com/caf-coaching-instructors-course-starts-july-5-in-abuja/ |publisher=Daily Trust |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da shirin farko na '''CAF Coaching Instructors’ Course''' a Najeriya ne a watan Yulin 2023 a cibiyar NFF/FIFA Goal Project da ke filin wasa na MKO Abiola National Stadium a Abuja. Shirin ya gudana na tsawon kwanaki goma daga ranar 5 zuwa 15 ga watan Yuli, inda aka zaɓi masu koyarwa goma sha biyar domin samun horo kai tsaye daga ƙwararren mai koyarwa na CAF kuma masani na FIFA, Abrham Mebratu daga Habasha. Shirin ya mayar da hankali ne kan sabbin dabarun koyarwa, fasahar gudanar da horo, da hanyoyin bunƙasa ilimin masu horar da ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=NFF set to organize first-ever CAF Coaching Instructors’ Course |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/nff-set-to-organize-first-ever-caf-coaching-instructors-course |publisher=Africa Sport Network |date=5 July 2023 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CAF Coaching Instructors’ Course starts July 5 in Abuja |url=https://dailytrust.com/caf-coaching-instructors-course-starts-july-5-in-abuja/ |publisher=Daily Trust |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> A cewar Daraktan Fasaha na NFF, Augustine Eguavoen, an kirkiro shirin ne domin taimaka wa masu koyarwa su fahimci sabbin sauye-sauyen dabaru, hanyoyin horaswa da fasahohin zamani da ake amfani da su a ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya. Ya bayyana cewa horon zai taimaka wajen samar da ƙwararrun masu koyarwa waɗanda za su iya koyar da sauran masu horarwa a faɗin Najeriya, wanda hakan zai taimaka wajen ɗaga matsayin ƙwallon ƙafar ƙasar a matakin duniya.<ref>{{cite news |title=CAF Coaching Instructors’ Course starts July 5 in Abuja |url=https://dailytrust.com/caf-coaching-instructors-course-starts-july-5-in-abuja/ |publisher=Daily Trust |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, NFF ta sake shirya wani babban shirin '''CAF Coach Educators’ Programme''' a Abuja domin ƙara yawan masu ba da horo da suka samu lasisin CAF a Najeriya. Mutane goma sha biyar ne aka zaɓa bayan sun cika sharuddan CAF, ciki har da mallakar aƙalla lasisin CAF B Licence, iya amfani da harshen Ingilishi da kuma kwarewar koyarwa. Daga cikin mahalarta akwai tsohon kocin Super Falcons Christopher Danjuma da kuma tsohuwar mataimakiyar kocin Super Falcons Adanna Nwaneri.<ref>{{cite news |title=CAF coach educators’ programme begins Thursday in Abuja |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/caf-coach-educators-programme-begins-thursday-in-abuja/ |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=16 July 2025 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NFF finalises arrangements as Coach Educators’ programme kicks off |url=https://blueprint.ng/nff-finalises-arrangements-as-coach-educators-programme-kicks-off/ |publisher=Blueprint Newspapers |date=16 July 2025 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> Shirin ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na ƙoƙarin NFF na daidaita tsarin horas da masu koyarwa da ƙa'idojin CAF. Wannan ya taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da kwasa-kwasan lasisin CAF D, CAF C da CAF B a Najeriya, tare da samar da ƙwararrun masu horarwa da za su iya aiki a manyan kungiyoyi da gasanni na nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{cite news |title=NFF launches first CAF B-Licence Coaching Course in Abuja |url=https://nujfct.ng/nff-launches-first-caf-b-licence-coaching-course-in-abuja/ |publisher=NUJ FCT |date=7 April 2025 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NFF Charges CAF B-License Coaches To Apply New Knowledge |url=https://von.gov.ng/nff-charges-caf-b-license-coaches-to-apply-new-knowledge/ |publisher=Voice of Nigeria |date=7 November 2025 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2026, CAF ta sake amincewa da Najeriya ta koma cikin tsarin '''CAF A Coaching Convention''' bayan kusan shekaru tara ba tare da gudanar da kwasa-kwasan CAF A Licence ba. Wannan ci gaba ya biyo bayan nasarorin da aka samu daga shirye-shiryen horas da masu koyarwa da kuma masu koyar da masu koyarwa da aka gudanar a ƙasar. Hukumar NFF ta bayyana cewa wannan mataki zai taimaka wajen samar da ƙarin ƙwararrun masu horarwa da za su iya jagorantar ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a manyan gasa irin su AFCON da CAF Champions League.<ref>{{cite news |title=CAF reinstates Nigeria into Grade A coaching licence programme after nine years |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/caf-reinstates-nigeria-into-grade-a-coaching-licence-programme-after-nine-years/ |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=7 May 2026 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NFF gets CAF nod for A coaching course after 9-year break |url=https://punchng.com/nff-gets-caf-nod-for-a-coaching-course/ |publisher=The Punch |date=8 May 2026 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Manufofi == * Horar da masu koyar da ƙwallon ƙafa bisa ƙa'idojin CAF. * Samar da ƙwararrun masu koyar da masu koyarwa (Coach Educators). * Haɓaka ilimin dabarun zamani a ƙwallon ƙafa. * Tallafa wa tsarin lasisin CAF D, C, B da A Licence. * Inganta matakin koyar da ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya da Afirka baki ɗaya.<ref>{{cite news |title=NFF Finalises Plans For CAF License Coaching Courses |url=https://von.gov.ng/nff-finalises-plans-for-caf-license-coaching-courses/ |publisher=Voice of Nigeria |date=23 May 2026 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] * [[Augustine Eguavoen]] * [[Africa Cup of Nations]] == Manazarta == 9yx5hequqqakr6r5v7r1uhylh6xfeif 0 153563 887995 843650 2026-07-27T08:51:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Location map+|Northern Egypt}}'''Ƙasar Masar''' ( Arabic ''{{Transl|ar|Miṣr as-Suflā}}'' ) yanki ne mafi arewa a [[Misra|Masar]], wanda ya ƙunshi yankin Nilu mai albarka tsakanin Babban Masar da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] . [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] ya rabu zuwa rassan delta bakwai a Ƙasar Masar. An raba Ƙasar Masar zuwa nomes kuma ya fara ci gaba a matsayin wayewa bayan 3600.&nbsp;BC. A yau, tana ɗauke da manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ke gudana ta cikin kogin Nilu - Madatsar ruwan Mahmoudiyah (tsohuwar Agathos Daimon) da kuma Madatsar ruwan Muways ( Arabic , "hanyar ruwan Musa"). == Suna == A [[Harshen Misira|zamanin da]], an san ƙasar Masar ta ƙasa da ''mḥw'' wanda ke nufin "arewa". <ref>{{Cite web |title=TM Places |url=https://www.trismegistos.org/place/2712 |access-date=2019-11-16 |website=www.trismegistos.org}}</ref> Daga baya, a lokacin zamanin da da kuma [[Zamanin Tsakiya|zamanin tsakiya]], Helenawa da Romawa sun kira shi ''Κάτω Αἴγυπτος'' ko ''Aegyptus Inferior'' duka suna nufin "Ƙasar Masar", amma Copts sun ci gaba da amfani da tsohon sunan da ke da alaƙa da arewa - ''Tsakhet'' ( Coptic ) ko ''Psanemhit'' ( Coptic ) ma'ana "Sashen Arewa". An ƙara raba shi zuwa yankuna ko nomes da dama ( Coptic ) – ''Niphaiat'' ( Coptic , Ancient Greek ) a yamma, ''Tiarabia'' ( Coptic ) a gabas, ''Nimeshshoti'' ( ' Coptic ) a arewa maso gabas da ''Bashmur'' (Bashmuric Coptic ) a arewa. Champollion ya ƙara wani yanki a tsakiyar Delta wanda yake kira ''Petmour'' ( Coptic ) bisa tushen Ancient Greek Stephanus na Byzantium ya ambata, amma ba a san ko wannan yanki ne daban ba ko kuma kawai fassarar sunan Bashmur ta Girkanci ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Schwartze, Moritz Gotthilf: Das alte Aegypten oder Sprache, Geschichte, Religion und Verfassung des alten Aegyptens: nach den altägyptischen Original-Schriften und den Mittheilungen der nichtägyptischen alten Schriftsteller (Band 2) (Leipzig, 1843) |url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/schwartze1843bd2/0113/image,info |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de}}</ref> Bayan mamayewar Musulmai, an kira tsakiyar yankin Delta al-Rif ( Arabic ) wanda ke nufin "ƙauye, yankin karkara" kuma wanda aka samo daga [[Harshen Misira|tsohon Masar]]<hiero> r:Z1-pr*Z1:niwt </hiero>''r-pr'', "haikalin", saboda yankunan karkara ne ke gudanar da su. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ريف - Wiktionary |url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81 |access-date=2021-05-28 |website=en.wiktionary.org |language=en}}</ref> Yankin gabas wanda ya ƙunshi tsohon Tiarabia ana kiransa al-Hawf ( Arabic ) ma'ana "gefe, gefe". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adel |first=Arsanious |date=23 December 2019 |title=Administrative Organization Of Egypt - Coptic Wiki |url=https://coptic-wiki.org/administrative-organization-of-egypt |access-date=2021-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207183046/https://coptic-wiki.org/administrative-organization-of-egypt |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == A yau, akwai manyan hanyoyin ruwa guda biyu da Kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] ke bi ta cikin [[Kogi|kogin]] delta: ɗaya a yamma a [[Rosetta|Rashid]] da ɗaya a gabas a Damietta . Yankin delta yana da ruwa sosai, akwai ramuka da magudanan ruwa da ke ratsawa. Saboda kusancinta da Tekun Bahar Rum, yanayin ƙasar Masar ya fi na Upper Egypt, yankin kudancin ƙasar laushi. Yanayin zafi ba shi da tsanani kuma ruwan sama ya fi yawa a ƙasar Masar. == Tarihi ==   An raba ta zuwa gundumomi ashirin da ake kira nomes, na farko kuma yana a el-Lisht . Saboda yankin ƙasa mai nisa na ƙasar Masar ba shi da wani ci gaba, cike da dukkan nau'ikan shuke-shuke kamar ciyawa da ganye, tsarin ''nomes'' ya sami sauye-sauye da dama. Babban birnin ƙasar Masar ta Lower Egypt shine [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]] . Allolinta masu kula da ita sune allahiya Wadjet, wacce aka nuna a matsayin ƙwarƙwara. An wakilci ƙasan Masar ta hanyar Red Crown ''[[Deshret]]'', kuma alamominta sune papyrus da zuma. Bayan haɗewa, an wakilci allolin ƙasan Masar da na sama tare a matsayin ''mata biyu'', Wadjet da Nekhbet (wanda aka nuna a matsayin ungulu), don kare dukkan tsoffin Masarawa. A kusan shekara ta 3600 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), al'ummomin Neolithic na Masar da ke gefen [[Nil|Kogin Nilu]] sun kafa al'adunsu kan kiwon amfanin gona da kuma kula da dabbobi. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan shekara ta 3600 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), al'ummar Masar ta fara girma da ci gaba cikin sauri zuwa ga wayewar da aka inganta. <ref name="Roebuck" /> Wani sabon tukwane mai ban mamaki, wanda ke da alaƙa da tukwane a Kudancin Levant, ya bayyana a wannan lokacin kuma an ƙara amfani da jan ƙarfe sosai. <ref name="Roebuck" /> Tsarin [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamian]] na [[Mudbrick|tubalan busassun rana]], da ƙa'idodin ginin gine-gine—gami da amfani da baka da bangon da aka ɓoye don yin ado—ya zama sananne a wannan lokacin. <ref name="Roebuck" /> Tare da waɗannan ci gaban al'adu, an sami wani tsari na haɗa kan al'ummomi da garuruwan Kogin Nilu na sama, ko kuma Babban Masar . A lokaci guda, al'ummomin Delta na Nilu, ko Ƙasashen Masar suma sun shiga tsarin haɗin kai. Yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Babban Masar da Ƙasashen Masar sun faru sau da yawa. A lokacin mulkinsa a Babban Masar, Sarki Narmer ya kayar da abokan gabansa a Delta kuma ya haɗa masarautun Babban Masar da Ƙasashen Masar a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa ɗaya. <ref name="Roebuck" /> == Jerin sarakunan zamanin zamanin daular Masar ta ƙasa == Dutse na Palermo, wani tarihin sarauta da aka rubuta a tsakiyar Daular Biyar (kimanin 2490 BC &#x2013; kimanin 2350 BC) ya rubuta wasu sarakuna da suka yi mulki a Ƙasar Masar kafin Narmer . Waɗannan ba a tabbatar da su ba kwata-kwata a wajen waɗannan rubuce-rubucen: {| class="wikitable" !Suna |- | Hsekiu <ref name="breasted36" /> |- | Khayu <ref name="breasted36" /> |- | Tiu |- | Tash <ref name="breasted36" /> |- | Neheb <ref name="breasted36" /> |- | Wazner <ref name="breasted36" /> |- | Mekh <ref name="breasted36" /> |- | (an lalata) <ref name="breasted36" /> |- |} Sabanin haka, an tabbatar da waɗannan sarakunan ta hanyar binciken kayan tarihi daga Sinai da Ƙasashen Masar: Falcon Biyu, Kada . A kan Palette na Narmer da ke tunawa da shan kaye a Ƙasar Masar da kuma haɗakar masarautun biyu, an ba wa namijin da Narmer ya nuna yana da launin shuɗi an ba shi sunan " Wash ". Ganin cewa ba a tabbatar ko wannan adadi yana wakiltar ainihin mutum ko kuma kawai wakilci ne na misali, shaidar kayan tarihi don tallafawa "Wash" a matsayin sarkin ƙarshe na Ƙasar Masar ba ta da tabbas. == Duba kuma == * Tsakiyar Masar * Sama da Ƙasan Masar * Nomes na Misira * [[Yanayin ƙasar Masar|Yanayin Ƙasa na Masar]] * [[Tsohuwar Masar]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lojarpped9yeq64ocieizqyjohebj0e 0 153732 888063 844073 2026-07-27T10:02:07Z BnHamid 12586 888063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aïssata Lam''' (an haife ta a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1986) ƙwararren ƙwararren ma'aikatar ma'Mauritanci ne . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 11, 2019 |title=Mauritanie : rencontre avec Aïssata Lam, présidente de la Jeune Chambre de commerce |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/799317/politique/mauritanie-rencontre-avec-aissata-lam-presidente-de-la-jeune-chambre-de-commerce/}}</ref> Ita ce co-kafa kuma shugabar Hukumar Kasuwancin Matasa ta Mauritania (JCCM) kuma tana da asali a cikin microfinance da kuma aikin gona. Tana aiki a fannin kudi na yanayi kuma tana da hannu sosai a cikin karfafa matasa da mata a nahiyar Afirka, musamman a Mauritania. Emmanuel Macron ne ya nada ta a cikin 2019 zuwa majalisar G7 kan daidaiton jinsi.[1] [2] [3] A cikin 2019, an jera ta cikin Mata 100 na BBC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ba |first=Diarry Ndiaye |date=October 17, 2019 |title=BBC 100 WOMEN : une mauritanienne parmi les 100 femmes inspirantes |url=https://senalioune.com/bbc-100-women-une-mauritanienne-parmi-les-100-femmes-inspirantes-et-influentes-du-monde-entier-pour-lannee-2019/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518040805/https://senalioune.com/bbc-100-women-une-mauritanienne-parmi-les-100-femmes-inspirantes-et-influentes-du-monde-entier-pour-lannee-2019/ |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=27 December 2019}}</ref> kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta "Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite" a shekarar 2020 ta Gwamnatin Mauritania. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] c2uxzbd8pwdbf0f9w6cvlrdetgx9nrj 0 153952 888054 844780 2026-07-27T09:56:35Z BnHamid 12586 888054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Orondaam Otto | image = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|8|8}} | birth_place = Najeriya | nationality = Ɗan Najeriya | occupation = Ɗan kasuwa, ɗan gwagwarmayar ci gaban al'umma, mai rajin ilimi | known_for = Wanda ya kafa Slum2School Africa | education = Jami'ar Port Harcourt, Harvard Kennedy School }} '''Orondaam Otto''' (an haife shi ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1987) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Najeriya, mai rajin ci gaban al'umma, kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar '''Slum2School Africa''', wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke taimakawa yara marasa galihu samun ilimi a ƙasashen Afirka. Ya yi suna a duniya saboda ƙoƙarinsa wajen rage yawan yaran da ba sa zuwa makaranta da kuma amfani da fasaha wajen samar da ilimi ga yara masu ƙarancin gata.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/meet-orondaam-otto-named-2025-young-global-leader-by-world-economic-forum/ |title=Meet Orondaam Otto, named 2025 Young Global Leader by World Economic Forum |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2025-04-19 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Orondaam Otto a Najeriya a shekarar 1987. Ya yi karatun digiri a fannin '''Human Anatomy''' a Jami'ar Port Harcourt. Daga baya ya ci gaba da karatu a cibiyoyi daban-daban na duniya, ciki har da Harvard Kennedy School inda ya samu digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da harkokin jama'a (Master of Public Administration).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/mcm-meet-our-man-crush-orondaam-otto-founder-of-slum-2-school-africa/87b89b5 |title=Meet our Man Crush, Orondaam Otto, founder of Slum2School Africa |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=2018-09-10 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> == Sana'a == Otto ya fara shiga ayyukan sa-kai tun yana ɗan shekara 16, inda yake aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu domin taimakawa yara da matasa a yankuna marasa galihu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/mcm-meet-our-man-crush-orondaam-otto-founder-of-slum-2-school-africa/87b89b5 |title=Meet our Man Crush, Orondaam Otto, founder of Slum2School Africa |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=2018-09-10 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> A shekarar 2012, yayin hidimar '''National Youth Service Corps (NYSC)''', ya kai ziyara yankin '''Makoko''' a jihar Legas, wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan unguwannin talakawa a Afirka. Bayan ganin matsalolin ilimi da yara ke fuskanta a yankin, ya kafa ƙungiyar '''Slum2School Africa''' domin taimaka wa yara marasa galihu samun ilimi da tallafin rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://slum2school.org/meet-the-founder/ |title=Meet the Founder |website=Slum2School Africa |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://businesspost.ng/education/slum2school-africa-founder-shares-experience-with-cnn/ |title=Slum2School Africa Founder Shares Experience With CNN |website=Business Post Nigeria |date=2020-08-27 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Slum2School Africa ta samar da tallafin karatu, kayan makaranta, cibiyoyin koyon yara, horar da malamai da kuma shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya ga dubban yara a Najeriya da wasu yankunan Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> == Kirkire-kirkire a fannin ilimi == A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a shekarar 2020, Otto ya jagoranci ƙirƙirar ɗaya daga cikin azuzuwan koyarwa na zamani na farko a Afirka domin taimaka wa yara daga yankuna masu rauni su ci gaba da karatu yayin rufe makarantu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://businesspost.ng/education/slum2school-africa-founder-shares-experience-with-cnn/ |title=Slum2School Africa Founder Shares Experience With CNN |website=Business Post Nigeria |date=2020-08-27 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> Wannan tsari ya bai wa ɗaruruwan yara damar ci gaba da samun ilimi ta hanyar amfani da kwamfutoci, na'urorin dijital da makamashin hasken rana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://slum2school.org/meet-the-founder/ |title=Meet the Founder |website=Slum2School Africa |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> == Harkokin shugabanci == Otto ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin matasa da suka samu lambar yabo ta '''Mandela Washington Fellowship''' a shekarar 2016. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a wasu manyan kwamitoci da cibiyoyi masu alaƙa da ilimi, shugabanci da ci gaban matasa a Afirka da duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kanyidaily.com/2016/08/slum2school-founder-otto-orondaa.html |title=Slum2School Founder Otto Orondaam Receives Mandela Washington Fellowship Certificate For Young African Leaders |website=Kanyi Daily News |date=2016-08-05 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance memba a kwamitin tsofaffin ɗaliban Harvard Kennedy School da wasu cibiyoyin duniya masu tallafawa ci gaban ilimi da shugabanci.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyi kan ilimi == Orondaam Otto ya kasance mai kira da a sake fasalin tsarin ilimin Najeriya domin ya fi mayar da hankali kan koyar da ƙwarewa da fasahohin zamani maimakon dogaro da jarabawa kawai. Ya yi gargadin cewa rashin dacewar tsarin ilimi da kasuwar aiki na ƙara matsalar rashin aikin yi a ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2018/10/01/slum2school-founder-laments-high-rate-of-uneducated-teachers/ |title=Slum2School Founder Laments High Rate Of Uneducated Teachers |website=Channels Television |date=2018-10-01 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/education/article/otto-calls-for-nigerias-educational-reforms/ |title=Otto calls for Nigeria's educational reforms |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2026-01-20 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> A shekarar 2026 ya gabatar da babban laccar taron yaye dalibai na jami'ar Legas, inda ya bayyana muhimmancin sauya tsarin ilimi domin dacewa da bukatun ƙarni na 21.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://unilagsun.com.ng/slum2school-founder-otto-calls-for-restructuring-of-education-around-skill-development/ |title=Slum2School Founder Otto Calls for Restructuring of Education Around Skill Development |website=UNILAG Sun |date=2026-01-22 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == * Wanda ya lashe '''The Future Awards Africa''' sau biyu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi da kirkire-kirkire.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> * Wanda ya samu '''Mandela Washington Fellowship''' a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kanyidaily.com/2016/08/slum2school-founder-otto-orondaa.html |title=Slum2School Founder Otto Orondaam Receives Mandela Washington Fellowship Certificate For Young African Leaders |website=Kanyi Daily News |date=2016-08-05 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> * An zaɓe shi cikin '''World Economic Forum Young Global Leaders Class of 2025'''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/meet-orondaam-otto-named-2025-young-global-leader-by-world-economic-forum/ |title=Meet Orondaam Otto, named 2025 Young Global Leader by World Economic Forum |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=2025-04-19 |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> * Ya samu lambobin yabo na shugabanci daga Harvard Kennedy School.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/orondaam-otto/ |title=Orondaam Otto |website=World Economic Forum |access-date=2026-06-01}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Slum2School Africa]] * [[Education in Nigeria]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Haifaffun 1987]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Nigerian businesspeople]] [[Category:Nigerian philanthropists]] [[Category:Nigerian educators]] [[Category:University of Port Harcourt alumni]] [[Category:Harvard Kennedy School alumni]] [[Category:People from Rivers State]] mkwj2mlscqcktvm5td1cuq3beoiw6e9 0 154137 887990 845165 2026-07-27T08:21:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887990 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louis Maduforo Alozie''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma '''Babban Lauyan Najeriya (Senior Advocate of Nigeria – SAN)'''. Ya shahara a fannin aikin lauya kuma yana daga cikin lauyoyin da Hukumar Ba da Matsayin Babban Lauyan Najeriya (Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee – LPPC) ta karrama da matsayin SAN a shekarar 2018, wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman mukaman ƙwarewa ga lauyoyi a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocate of Nigeria [See Full List] |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/12/31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocate-nigeria-see-full-list/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=BREAKING: 31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocates of Nigeria, SAN |url=https://dailytrust.com/breaking-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-of-nigeria-san-260688/ |work=Daily Trust |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Sana'ar lauya == Alozie ya yi fice a harkar lauya a Najeriya tsawon shekaru kafin samun matsayin SAN. Samun wannan matsayi na nuna cewa ya nuna ƙwarewa, gogewa da kuma nagarta a aikin lauya, domin LPPC tana gudanar da tsauraran matakai na tantance masu neman wannan karramawa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=LASU VC, Lagos AG, 29 Others Elevated to Rank of Senior Advocate |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2018/07/12/lasu-vc-lagos-ag-29-others-elevated-to-rank-of-senior-advocate/ |work=ThisDay |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Law School DG, Ondo AG, LASU VC, others named SANs |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/law-school-dg-ondo-ag-lasu-vc-others-named-sans/ |work=The Nation |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Samun matsayin SAN == A ranar 12 ga Yulin 2018, LPPC ta sanar da sunan Louis Maduforo Alozie a cikin jerin sabbin lauyoyi 31 da aka ɗaga zuwa matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'''. An rantsar da sabbin SAN ɗin ne a farkon sabuwar shekarar shari'a ta Kotun Koli ta Najeriya a watan Satumban shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |title=31 lawyers appointed Senior Advocates of Nigeria (full list) |url=https://www.legit.ng/1180204-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-nigeria-full-list.html |work=Legit.ng |date=13 July 2018 |access-date=2 June 2026 |archive-date=1 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260601192138/https://www.legit.ng/1180204-31-lawyers-appointed-senior-advocates-nigeria-full-list.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=LPPC Elevates 31 Lawyers To Rank Of Senior Advocates Of Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/lppc-elevates-31-lawyers-to-rank-of-senior-advocates-of-nigeria/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=12 July 2018 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Ayyukan kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam == A shekarar 2019, Alozie ya yi kira da a sanya koyar da haƙƙin ɗan Adam a matsayin darasi na wajibi daga matakin firamare har zuwa manyan makarantu. Ya bayyana cewa ilimin haƙƙin ɗan Adam zai taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da haƙƙoƙinsu da nauyin da ke kansu a cikin al'umma. Ya yi wannan jawabi ne yayin wani taron wayar da kai kan haƙƙin ɗan Adam da wasu ƙungiyoyi suka shirya a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Alozie wants human rights taught in schools |url=https://punchng.com/alozie-wants-human-rights-taught-in-schools/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=7 November 2019 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Kamfanin lauya == Louis Alozie shi ne mamallakin kamfanin '''L.M. Alozie & Co.''', wani kamfanin lauyoyi da ke jihar Imo. A shekarar 2022, Ƙungiyar Matasan Lauyoyi ta Najeriya (NBA Young Lawyers Forum), reshen Owerri, ta karrama kamfanin da lambar yabo ta ''Law Firm of the Year'' saboda gudummawar da yake bayarwa wajen horaswa da kula da matasan lauyoyi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=L.M. Alozie & Co. named ‘Law firm of the year’ |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/l-m-alozie-co-named-law-firm-of-the-year/ |work=The Nation |date=22 March 2022 |access-date=2 June 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]] * [[Nigerian Bar Association]] == Manazarta == a8gd1mg7xqnovxwds9fuw4g8jcufjos 0 154399 888087 858920 2026-07-27T11:32:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 888087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Town center of Glaru Glarus (de-CHde-CHde-CH; Jamusanci Alemannic: Glaris; Faransanci: Glaris fr; Italiyanci: Glarona; Romansh: Glaruna) babban birnin Glarus ne a Switzerland.  Tun daga 1 ga Janairu, 2011, gundumar Glarus ta ƙunshi tsoffin gundumomin Ennenda, Netstal da Riedrn. .<ref name="Fusion">[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{In lang|de}} accessed 18 February 2011</ref> Glarus yana kan kogin Linth tsakanin ƙafar Glärnisch (ɓangaren Schwyzer Alps) zuwa yamma da Schilt (Glarus Alps) zuwa gabas. Gine-gine kaɗan da aka gina kafin wutar 1861 suka rage. Itace, masaku, da robobi, da kuma bugu, sune kan gaba a masana'antu. Alamar birnin ita ce cocin birnin Neo-Romanesque. [[Fayil:Glarus_Stadtkirche_Friedhof.jpg|right|thumb|Cocin Glarus, wanda aka gina a 1861 bayan gobara ta lalata tsohuwar cocin da yawancin garin Glarus]] [[Fayil:Glarus_Stadtkirche_Langhaus.jpg|right|thumb|Yankin cocin]] An fara ambaton ''Glarus'' a farkon karni na 9 a cikin [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] a matsayin ''Clarona'' . A cikin 1178 an fara ambata shi a cikin Jamusanci a matsayin Glarus . A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 878, Sarkin sarakuna Charles the Fat ya ba matarsa Richgard ko Richardis gidajen ibada na Säckingen, na St. Felix da na Regula a Zürich a matsayin gidan sarauta. Wannan tallafin ƙasa ya haɗa da haƙƙin siyasa masu yawa da kuma babban ƙasa. Wannan ƙasa ta rufe ƙasa a cikin kwarin Rhine da Frick, Kudancin Hotzenwald, ƙasa a Zürich, tare da tafkin Walen da kwarin Glarus. Glarus ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Säckingen Abbey har zuwa 1395 (na ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar ko dai Counts na Lenzburg da Kyburg da / ko Raetia Curiensis), lokacin da kwarin Glarus ya rabu da abbey kuma ya zama mai zaman kansa.. Ya zama babban birnin kwarin Linth a cikin 1419. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, kwarin ya fara haɓaka masana'antu. Huldrych Zwingli shugaban Ɗaukakawa a Switzerland ya yi hidima a matsayinsa na farko, na Roman Katolika, na coci a Glarus, tun daga shekara ta 1506. Ya yi hidima a can na tsawon shekaru goma. A Glarus ne, wanda ake amfani da sojojinsa a matsayin 'yan haya a Turai, Zwingli ya shiga harkokin siyasa. Ƙungiyar Swiss Confederation ta shiga cikin kamfen daban-daban tare da maƙwabta: Faransanci, Habsburgs, da Jihohin Papal. Zwingli ya sanya kansa da ƙarfi a gefen wurin Mai Tsarki. A sakamakon haka, Paparoma Julius II ya girmama Zwingli ta hanyar ba shi fansho na shekara-shekara. Ya ɗauki matsayin limamin coci a yaƙi da dama a Italiya, ciki har da Yaƙin Novara a shekara ta 1513. Duk da haka, ƙaƙƙarfan shan kashi da Swiss suka yi a Yaƙin Marignano ya haifar da canjin yanayi a Glarus don goyon bayan Faransawa maimakon Paparoma. Zwingli, ɗan jam'iyyar Paparoma, ya sami kansa a cikin tsaka mai wuya kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Einsiedeln a yankin Schwyz. Duk da yake shi ba mai gyara ba ne a Glarus, a can ya fara haɓaka ra'ayoyin da za su kai ga hutu da Cocin Katolika a Zürich.. A cikin 1528 gyare-gyaren ya sami gindin zama a Glarus, wanda Zwingli ya jagoranta a Zürich. Ko da yake ya yi wa’azi na shekara 10 a Glarus, garin ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ɗariƙar Katolika. Duk da haka, bayan yakin Kappel na biyu a shekara ta 1531 an bai wa mazauna Katolika da na Furotesta 'yancin yin ibada a garin. Wannan ya sa ƙungiyoyin addinai biyu suka yi amfani da cocin garin lokaci guda, tsarin da ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa. A karni na 18 duka kungiyoyin sun yi tarayya da coci amma suna da gabobin daban-daban. A cikin 1697 an yi taro biyu na kuɗi da na tauhidi masu zaman kansu a cikin cocin birni Bayan mamayar Faransa a 1798, Glarus ya zama babban birnin Canton na Linth a cikin Jamhuriyar Helvetic. Gudanar da Canton ya koma Glarus. Koyaya, sabbin masu gudanarwa sun sami matsala wajen kafawa da aiwatar da kowace sabuwar ƙa'ida. A cikin Agusta 1802 masu gudanar da sabon Canton sun bar Glarus zuwa Rapperswil saboda matsalolin da suka fuskanta a Glarus. A cikin 1803, tare da Dokar Sasanci, Canton na Linth ya rushe kuma Glarus ya zama babban birnin karamar hukumar Glarus. A shekara ta 1859, hanyar jirgin kasa ta kai Glarus daga Weesen. An buɗe faɗaɗa zuwa Schwanden da Linthal a shekara ta 1879. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Güterschuppen 8750 Glarus |url=http://www.heimatschutz.ch/index.php?id=779&tx_wfqbe_pi1%5Buid%5D=54 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234151/http://www.heimatschutz.ch/index.php?id=779&tx_wfqbe_pi1%5Buid%5D=54 |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=22 May 2013 |publisher=Schweizer Heimatschutz.ch |language=de}}</ref> Garin ya kirkiro kungiyar Emigration Society kuma ya aika da Alkalin Niklaus Dürst da masanin ƙarfe Fridolin Streif don neman ƙasa don su zauna a Arewacin Amurka a 1845. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, masu mulkin mallaka 131 daga Glarus sun zauna a New Glarus, Wisconsin, wani gari wanda har yanzu yana riƙe da tushen Switzerland kuma yana jin daɗin dangantaka mai ƙarfi da Glarus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Glarus History/Timeline |url=https://www.swisshistoricalvillage.org/new-glarus-history-timeline |access-date=28 July 2021 |publisher=New Glarus Historical Society |language=en |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728153230/https://www.swisshistoricalvillage.org/new-glarus-history-timeline |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 10/11 ga Mayu 1861, garin ya yi barna sakamakon wata gobara da wata iska mai tsananin tashin hankali ta Föhn ko kuma ta kuda ta ta rutsa da ita, tana gangarowa daga manyan tsaunuka ta hanyar ramin yanayi da kwarin Linth ya kafa. An yi kiyasin jimillar asarar da aka yi ta kai kusan fam miliyan 100, wanda kusan fam 100,000 ne aka yi ta hanyar biyan kuɗin da aka samu daga kowane bangare. Kimanin kashi biyu bisa uku na Glarus (gina-gine 593) sun lalace a babbar gobara. Bayan wannan lamarin, an sake gina Glarus a cikin salon toshe bisa ga tsare-tsaren gine-gine na Bernhard Simon da Johann Caspar Wolff.. In 1864, the first European labor law to protect workers was introduced in Glarus, prohibiting workers from working more than 12 hours a day.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2013}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Glarus_Panorama.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton Birnin Glarus]] [[Fayil:ETH-BIB-Glarus_v._S._aus_1000_m-Inlandflüge-LBS_MH01-003490.tif|right|thumb|Bayyanar sama daga 1000 m ta Walter Mittelholzer (1923) &nbsp;]] Garin yana cikin ''Glarner Mittelland'' a kan wani kwari mai zurfi tsakanin Glärnisch da Linth. The municipality Glarus before 2011 had an area of {{Convert|69.2|km2}}. Of this area, 23% was used for agricultural purposes, while 31.4% was forested; of the rest of the land, 2.7% was settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (42.9%) was non-productive (2006 figures). Tare da haɗa Ennenda, Netstal da Riedrn a cikin 2011, gundumar Glarus yanzu tana da yanki na 103.67 km2 (40.03 sq mi).[13] Dangane da binciken 2004/09, kusan kashi 26.3% na jimillar yanki ana amfani da su ne don ayyukan noma, yayin da kashi 34.3% na gandun daji ne. Daga cikin sauran ƙasar, 4.1% yana zaune (ginai ko hanyoyi) kuma 35.2% ƙasa ce mara amfani. A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata (1979/85-2004/09) adadin ƙasar da aka zaunar da shi ya ƙaru da hekta 42 (kadada 100) kuma ƙasar noma ta ragu da ƙasa. == Yawan jama'a == Glarus yana da yawan jama'a (har daga Disamba 2020[sabunta]) na 12,539. Tun daga 2013 [sabunta], 24.9% na yawan jama'a mazauna kasashen waje ne. A cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata (2010-2013) yawan jama'a ya canza a cikin adadin 2.07%. Yawan haihuwa a cikin gundumar, a cikin 2013, ya kasance 9.8 yayin da adadin mutuwar ya kasance 8.4 a cikin dubun mazaunan.. Ya zuwa 2013, yara da matasa (shekaru 0-19) sun kai kashi 20.6% na yawan jama'a, yayin da manya (shekara 20-64) suna da kashi 61.1% kuma tsofaffi (sama da shekaru 64) sun kai kashi 18.3%. Yawancin jama'a (kamar yadda na 2000) suna magana da Jamusanci (86.0%), tare da Italiyanci na biyu mafi yawan (4.8%) kuma Albanian na uku (2.6%). == Yawan jama'a na tarihi == An ba da yawan jama'a na tarihi a cikin tebur mai zuwa: {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;" !shekara !yawan jama'a !'Yan ƙasar Switzerland !% Magana da Jamusanci !% [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] !% Roman Katolika |- |1554 | align="center" |ca. 1,550 | | | | |- |1682 | align="center" |ca. 1,200 | | | | |- |1777 | align="center" |ca. 2,400 | | | | |- |1837 | align="center" |4,094 | | | | |- |1850 | align="center" |4,082 | align="center" |3,960 | align="center" | | align="center" |86.0% | align="center" |14.0% |- |1870 | align="center" |5,485 | align="center" |5,204 | align="center" | | align="center" |77.7% | align="center" |22.6% |- |1888 | align="center" |5,357 | align="center" |4,968 | align="center" |98.1% | align="center" |71.6% | align="center" |28.0% |- |1900 | align="center" |4,877 | align="center" |4,424 | align="center" |97.5% | align="center" |74.2% | align="center" |25.6% |- |1910 | align="center" |5,123 | align="center" |4,471 | align="center" |94.8% | align="center" |70.8% | align="center" |28.7% |- |1930 | align="center" |5,269 | align="center" |4,858 | align="center" |97.7% | align="center" |70.5% | align="center" |29.2% |- |1950 | align="center" |5,724 | align="center" |5,376 | align="center" |96.2% | align="center" |68.0% | align="center" |31.4% |- |1970 | align="center" |6,189 | align="center" |5,215 | align="center" |86.9% | align="center" |60.5% | align="center" |38.9% |- |1990 | align="center" |5,728 | align="center" |4,723 | align="center" |86.1% | align="center" |51.9% | align="center" |42.4% |- |2000 | align="center" |5,556 | align="center" |4,379 | align="center" |86.0% | align="center" |45.4% | align="center" |37.7% |- |} == Tattalin Arziki == == Siyasa == A zaben tarayya na 2015 jam'iyyar da ta fi farin jini ita ce jam'iyyar BDP da ta samu kashi 49.7% na kuri'un da aka kada, sai kuma SP da kaso 47.7. Ragowar kashi 2.6 cikin 100 na ‘yan takarar jam’iyyar da ba su da alaka da su. A zaben na tarayya, an kada kuri'u 3,250, kuma yawan masu kada kuri'a ya kai kashi 41.1%. Zaben 2015 ya samu gagarumin sauyi a zaben idan aka kwatanta da na 2011. Kaso na kuri'un da jam'iyyar SP ta samu ya karu sosai daga kashi 28.9% a 2011 zuwa kashi 47.7% a 2015, yayin da yawan da BDP ya ragu daga 57.7% zuwa 49.7%. == Laifi == A cikin 2014 yawan laifuffuka, na laifuka sama da 200 da aka jera a cikin Tsarin Laifukan Swiss (wanda ke gudana daga kisan kai, fashi da makami zuwa karbar cin hanci da zamba da zamba), a Glarus ya kasance 48.2 a cikin dubunnan mazauna. Wannan adadin shine kawai kashi 74.6% na matsakaicin adadin a duk ƙasar. A daidai wannan lokacin, adadin laifukan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kasance 10.2 ga mazauna dubu ɗaya, wanda yayi kama da ƙimar Glarus Süd, amma kusan sau biyu ya ninka na Glarus Nord.. == Ilimi == A Glarus kimanin kashi 71.3% na yawan jama'a (tsakanin shekaru 25-64) sun kammala ko dai karatun sakandare na sama ko ƙarin ilimi mafi girma (ko dai jami'a ko Fachhochschule). == Sufuri == Tashar jirgin kasa ta Glarus tana kan layin dogo na Ziegelbrücke zuwa Linthal. Sabis na Zürich S-Bahn S25 ke yi tsakanin Zürich da Linthal, da sabis na St. Gallen S-Bahn S6 tsakanin Rapperswil da Schwanden. Tun daga canjin jadawalin watan Disamba na 2023, [sabuntawa] duka ayyukan biyu suna aiki sau ɗaya a cikin awa ɗaya, suna haɗawa don samar da jiragen ƙasa biyu a cikin awa ɗaya tsakanin Ziegelbrücke da Schwanden. Tashoshin Ennenda da Netstal suma suna cikin gundumomi, kuma jiragen kasa iri ɗaya suke yi<ref name="zvv">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2023 |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |url=https://www.zvv.ch/zvv-assets/fahrplan/pdf/sbahn.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=ZVV}}</ref><ref name="sgsbmap">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2023 |title=Zürcher S-Bahn /S-Bahn St.Gallen /S-Bahn Schaffhausen /S-Bahn Bodensee |url=https://www.thurbo.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2024_Liniennetzplan_Zuerich_Ostschweiz_Bodensee.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=[[THURBO]] |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216083155/https://www.thurbo.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2024_Liniennetzplan_Zuerich_Ostschweiz_Bodensee.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="fpf736">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2023 |title=Ziegelbrücke - Linthal |url=https://www.öv-info.ch/sites/default/files/fap/2024/pdf/736.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=Bundesamt für Verkehr}}</ref> == Yanayi == Tsakanin 1991 da 2020 Glarus yana da matsakaita na kwanaki 142.2 na ruwan sama a shekara kuma a matsakaicin ya sami 1,494 mm (58.8 in) na hazo. Watan da ya fi dauri shine Yuli a lokacin Glarus ya sami matsakaicin 193 mm (7.6 in) na hazo. A cikin wannan watan an sami hazo na matsakaita na kwanaki 14.8. Watanni tare da mafi yawan kwanakin hazo sune Yuni zuwa Agusta. Watan mafi bushewa na shekara shine Fabrairu tare da matsakaicin 80 mm (3.1 in) na hazo sama da kwanaki 9.5. == Dangantaka ta kasa da kasa == === Garin Twin - biranen 'yar'uwa === [[Fayil:Hossli_Heinrich_(1784-1864).jpg|thumb|201x201px|Heinrich Hossli]] [[Fayil:NR_Werner_Marti.jpg|thumb|197x197px|Werner Marti]] [[Fayil:Fritz_Kunzli.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Fritz Kunzli, 2004]] s4g533eifn8jm57ttjgquwqobtxthlq 888088 888087 2026-07-27T11:44:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 888088 wikitext text/x-wiki Glarus (de-CHde-CHde-CH; Jamusanci Alemannic: Glaris; Faransanci: Glaris fr; Italiyanci: Glarona; Romansh: Glaruna) babban birnin Glarus ne a Switzerland. Tun daga 1 ga Janairu, 2011, gundumar Glarus ta ƙunshi tsoffin gundumomin Ennenda, Netstal da Riedrn. Glarus yana kan kogin Linth tsakanin ƙafar Glärnisch (ɓangaren Schwyzer Alps) zuwa yamma da Schilt (Glarus Alps) zuwa gabas. Gine-gine kaɗan da aka gina kafin wutar 1861 suka rage. Itace, masaku, da robobi, da kuma bugu, sune kan gaba a masana'antu. Alamar birnin ita ce cocin birnin Neo-Romanesque. [[Fayil:Glarus_Stadtkirche_Friedhof.jpg|right|thumb|Cocin Glarus, wanda aka gina a 1861 bayan gobara ta lalata tsohuwar cocin da yawancin garin Glarus]] [[Fayil:Glarus_Stadtkirche_Langhaus.jpg|right|thumb|Yankin cocin]] An fara ambaton ''Glarus'' a farkon karni na 9 a cikin [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] a matsayin ''Clarona'' . A cikin 1178 an fara ambata shi a cikin Jamusanci a matsayin Glarus . A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 878, Sarkin sarakuna Charles the Fat ya ba matarsa Richgard ko Richardis gidajen ibada na Säckingen, na St. Felix da na Regula a Zürich a matsayin gidan sarauta. Wannan tallafin ƙasa ya haɗa da haƙƙin siyasa masu yawa da kuma babban ƙasa. Wannan ƙasa ta rufe ƙasa a cikin kwarin Rhine da Frick, Kudancin Hotzenwald, ƙasa a Zürich, tare da tafkin Walen da kwarin Glarus. Glarus ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Säckingen Abbey har zuwa 1395 (na ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar ko dai Counts na Lenzburg da Kyburg da / ko Raetia Curiensis), lokacin da kwarin Glarus ya rabu da abbey kuma ya zama mai zaman kansa.. Ya zama babban birnin kwarin Linth a cikin 1419. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, kwarin ya fara haɓaka masana'antu. Huldrych Zwingli shugaban Ɗaukakawa a Switzerland ya yi hidima a matsayinsa na farko, na Roman Katolika, na coci a Glarus, tun daga shekara ta 1506. Ya yi hidima a can na tsawon shekaru goma. A Glarus ne, wanda ake amfani da sojojinsa a matsayin 'yan haya a Turai, Zwingli ya shiga harkokin siyasa. Ƙungiyar Swiss Confederation ta shiga cikin kamfen daban-daban tare da maƙwabta: Faransanci, Habsburgs, da Jihohin Papal. Zwingli ya sanya kansa da ƙarfi a gefen wurin Mai Tsarki. A sakamakon haka, Paparoma Julius II ya girmama Zwingli ta hanyar ba shi fansho na shekara-shekara. Ya ɗauki matsayin limamin coci a yaƙi da dama a Italiya, ciki har da Yaƙin Novara a shekara ta 1513. Duk da haka, ƙaƙƙarfan shan kashi da Swiss suka yi a Yaƙin Marignano ya haifar da canjin yanayi a Glarus don goyon bayan Faransawa maimakon Paparoma. Zwingli, ɗan jam'iyyar Paparoma, ya sami kansa a cikin tsaka mai wuya kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Einsiedeln a yankin Schwyz. Duk da yake shi ba mai gyara ba ne a Glarus, a can ya fara haɓaka ra'ayoyin da za su kai ga hutu da Cocin Katolika a Zürich.. A cikin 1528 gyare-gyaren ya sami gindin zama a Glarus, wanda Zwingli ya jagoranta a Zürich. Ko da yake ya yi wa’azi na shekara 10 a Glarus, garin ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ɗariƙar Katolika. Duk da haka, bayan yakin Kappel na biyu a shekara ta 1531 an bai wa mazauna Katolika da na Furotesta 'yancin yin ibada a garin. Wannan ya sa ƙungiyoyin addinai biyu suka yi amfani da cocin garin lokaci guda, tsarin da ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa. A karni na 18 duka kungiyoyin sun yi tarayya da coci amma suna da gabobin daban-daban. A cikin 1697 an yi taro biyu na kuɗi da na tauhidi masu zaman kansu a cikin cocin birni Bayan mamayar Faransa a 1798, Glarus ya zama babban birnin Canton na Linth a cikin Jamhuriyar Helvetic. Gudanar da Canton ya koma Glarus. Koyaya, sabbin masu gudanarwa sun sami matsala wajen kafawa da aiwatar da kowace sabuwar ƙa'ida. A cikin Agusta 1802 masu gudanar da sabon Canton sun bar Glarus zuwa Rapperswil saboda matsalolin da suka fuskanta a Glarus. A cikin 1803, tare da Dokar Sasanci, Canton na Linth ya rushe kuma Glarus ya zama babban birnin karamar hukumar Glarus. A shekara ta 1859, hanyar jirgin kasa ta kai Glarus daga Weesen. An buɗe faɗaɗa zuwa Schwanden da Linthal a shekara ta 1879. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Güterschuppen 8750 Glarus |url=http://www.heimatschutz.ch/index.php?id=779&tx_wfqbe_pi1%5Buid%5D=54 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234151/http://www.heimatschutz.ch/index.php?id=779&tx_wfqbe_pi1%5Buid%5D=54 |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=22 May 2013 |publisher=Schweizer Heimatschutz.ch |language=de}}</ref> Garin ya kirkiro kungiyar Emigration Society kuma ya aika da Alkalin Niklaus Dürst da masanin ƙarfe Fridolin Streif don neman ƙasa don su zauna a Arewacin Amurka a 1845. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, masu mulkin mallaka 131 daga Glarus sun zauna a New Glarus, Wisconsin, wani gari wanda har yanzu yana riƙe da tushen Switzerland kuma yana jin daɗin dangantaka mai ƙarfi da Glarus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Glarus History/Timeline |url=https://www.swisshistoricalvillage.org/new-glarus-history-timeline |access-date=28 July 2021 |publisher=New Glarus Historical Society |language=en |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728153230/https://www.swisshistoricalvillage.org/new-glarus-history-timeline |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 10/11 ga Mayu 1861, garin ya yi barna sakamakon wata gobara da wata iska mai tsananin tashin hankali ta Föhn ko kuma ta kuda ta ta rutsa da ita, tana gangarowa daga manyan tsaunuka ta hanyar ramin yanayi da kwarin Linth ya kafa. An yi kiyasin jimillar asarar da aka yi ta kai kusan fam miliyan 100, wanda kusan fam 100,000 ne aka yi ta hanyar biyan kuɗin da aka samu daga kowane bangare. Kimanin kashi biyu bisa uku na Glarus (gina-gine 593) sun lalace a babbar gobara. Bayan wannan lamarin, an sake gina Glarus a cikin salon toshe bisa ga tsare-tsaren gine-gine na Bernhard Simon da Johann Caspar Wolff.. In 1864, the first European labor law to protect workers was introduced in Glarus, prohibiting workers from working more than 12 hours a day.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2013}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Glarus_Panorama.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton Birnin Glarus]] [[Fayil:ETH-BIB-Glarus_v._S._aus_1000_m-Inlandflüge-LBS_MH01-003490.tif|right|thumb|Bayyanar sama daga 1000 m ta Walter Mittelholzer (1923) &nbsp;]] Garin yana cikin ''Glarner Mittelland'' a kan wani kwari mai zurfi tsakanin Glärnisch da Linth. The municipality Glarus before 2011 had an area of {{Convert|69.2|km2}}. Of this area, 23% was used for agricultural purposes, while 31.4% was forested; of the rest of the land, 2.7% was settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (42.9%) was non-productive (2006 figures). Tare da haɗa Ennenda, Netstal da Riedrn a cikin 2011, gundumar Glarus yanzu tana da yanki na 103.67 km2 (40.03 sq mi).[13] Dangane da binciken 2004/09, kusan kashi 26.3% na jimillar yanki ana amfani da su ne don ayyukan noma, yayin da kashi 34.3% na gandun daji ne. Daga cikin sauran ƙasar, 4.1% yana zaune (ginai ko hanyoyi) kuma 35.2% ƙasa ce mara amfani. A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata (1979/85-2004/09) adadin ƙasar da aka zaunar da shi ya ƙaru da hekta 42 (kadada 100) kuma ƙasar noma ta ragu da ƙasa. == Yawan jama'a == Glarus yana da yawan jama'a (har daga Disamba 2020[sabunta]) na 12,539. Tun daga 2013 [sabunta], 24.9% na yawan jama'a mazauna kasashen waje ne. A cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata (2010-2013) yawan jama'a ya canza a cikin adadin 2.07%. Yawan haihuwa a cikin gundumar, a cikin 2013, ya kasance 9.8 yayin da adadin mutuwar ya kasance 8.4 a cikin dubun mazaunan.. Ya zuwa 2013, yara da matasa (shekaru 0-19) sun kai kashi 20.6% na yawan jama'a, yayin da manya (shekara 20-64) suna da kashi 61.1% kuma tsofaffi (sama da shekaru 64) sun kai kashi 18.3%. Yawancin jama'a (kamar yadda na 2000) suna magana da Jamusanci (86.0%), tare da Italiyanci na biyu mafi yawan (4.8%) kuma Albanian na uku (2.6%). == Yawan jama'a na tarihi == An ba da yawan jama'a na tarihi a cikin tebur mai zuwa: {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;" !shekara !yawan jama'a !'Yan ƙasar Switzerland !% Magana da Jamusanci !% [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] !% Roman Katolika |- |1554 | align="center" |ca. 1,550 | | | | |- |1682 | align="center" |ca. 1,200 | | | | |- |1777 | align="center" |ca. 2,400 | | | | |- |1837 | align="center" |4,094 | | | | |- |1850 | align="center" |4,082 | align="center" |3,960 | align="center" | | align="center" |86.0% | align="center" |14.0% |- |1870 | align="center" |5,485 | align="center" |5,204 | align="center" | | align="center" |77.7% | align="center" |22.6% |- |1888 | align="center" |5,357 | align="center" |4,968 | align="center" |98.1% | align="center" |71.6% | align="center" |28.0% |- |1900 | align="center" |4,877 | align="center" |4,424 | align="center" |97.5% | align="center" |74.2% | align="center" |25.6% |- |1910 | align="center" |5,123 | align="center" |4,471 | align="center" |94.8% | align="center" |70.8% | align="center" |28.7% |- |1930 | align="center" |5,269 | align="center" |4,858 | align="center" |97.7% | align="center" |70.5% | align="center" |29.2% |- |1950 | align="center" |5,724 | align="center" |5,376 | align="center" |96.2% | align="center" |68.0% | align="center" |31.4% |- |1970 | align="center" |6,189 | align="center" |5,215 | align="center" |86.9% | align="center" |60.5% | align="center" |38.9% |- |1990 | align="center" |5,728 | align="center" |4,723 | align="center" |86.1% | align="center" |51.9% | align="center" |42.4% |- |2000 | align="center" |5,556 | align="center" |4,379 | align="center" |86.0% | align="center" |45.4% | align="center" |37.7% |- |} == Tattalin Arziki == == Siyasa == A zaben tarayya na 2015 jam'iyyar da ta fi farin jini ita ce jam'iyyar BDP da ta samu kashi 49.7% na kuri'un da aka kada, sai kuma SP da kaso 47.7. Ragowar kashi 2.6 cikin 100 na ‘yan takarar jam’iyyar da ba su da alaka da su. A zaben na tarayya, an kada kuri'u 3,250, kuma yawan masu kada kuri'a ya kai kashi 41.1%. Zaben 2015 ya samu gagarumin sauyi a zaben idan aka kwatanta da na 2011. Kaso na kuri'un da jam'iyyar SP ta samu ya karu sosai daga kashi 28.9% a 2011 zuwa kashi 47.7% a 2015, yayin da yawan da BDP ya ragu daga 57.7% zuwa 49.7%. == Laifi == A cikin 2014 yawan laifuffuka, na laifuka sama da 200 da aka jera a cikin Tsarin Laifukan Swiss (wanda ke gudana daga kisan kai, fashi da makami zuwa karbar cin hanci da zamba da zamba), a Glarus ya kasance 48.2 a cikin dubunnan mazauna. Wannan adadin shine kawai kashi 74.6% na matsakaicin adadin a duk ƙasar. A daidai wannan lokacin, adadin laifukan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kasance 10.2 ga mazauna dubu ɗaya, wanda yayi kama da ƙimar Glarus Süd, amma kusan sau biyu ya ninka na Glarus Nord.. == Ilimi == A Glarus kimanin kashi 71.3% na yawan jama'a (tsakanin shekaru 25-64) sun kammala ko dai karatun sakandare na sama ko ƙarin ilimi mafi girma (ko dai jami'a ko Fachhochschule). == Sufuri == Tashar jirgin kasa ta Glarus tana kan layin dogo na Ziegelbrücke zuwa Linthal. Sabis na Zürich S-Bahn S25 ke yi tsakanin Zürich da Linthal, da sabis na St. Gallen S-Bahn S6 tsakanin Rapperswil da Schwanden. Tun daga canjin jadawalin watan Disamba na 2023, [sabuntawa] duka ayyukan biyu suna aiki sau ɗaya a cikin awa ɗaya, suna haɗawa don samar da jiragen ƙasa biyu a cikin awa ɗaya tsakanin Ziegelbrücke da Schwanden. Tashoshin Ennenda da Netstal suma suna cikin gundumomi, kuma jiragen kasa iri ɗaya suke yi<ref name="zvv">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2023 |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |url=https://www.zvv.ch/zvv-assets/fahrplan/pdf/sbahn.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=ZVV}}</ref><ref name="sgsbmap">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2023 |title=Zürcher S-Bahn /S-Bahn St.Gallen /S-Bahn Schaffhausen /S-Bahn Bodensee |url=https://www.thurbo.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2024_Liniennetzplan_Zuerich_Ostschweiz_Bodensee.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=[[THURBO]] |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216083155/https://www.thurbo.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2024_Liniennetzplan_Zuerich_Ostschweiz_Bodensee.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="fpf736">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2023 |title=Ziegelbrücke - Linthal |url=https://www.öv-info.ch/sites/default/files/fap/2024/pdf/736.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=Bundesamt für Verkehr}}</ref> == Yanayi == Tsakanin 1991 da 2020 Glarus yana da matsakaita na kwanaki 142.2 na ruwan sama a shekara kuma a matsakaicin ya sami 1,494 mm (58.8 in) na hazo. Watan da ya fi dauri shine Yuli a lokacin Glarus ya sami matsakaicin 193 mm (7.6 in) na hazo. A cikin wannan watan an sami hazo na matsakaita na kwanaki 14.8. Watanni tare da mafi yawan kwanakin hazo sune Yuni zuwa Agusta. Watan mafi bushewa na shekara shine Fabrairu tare da matsakaicin 80 mm (3.1 in) na hazo sama da kwanaki 9.5. == Dangantaka ta kasa da kasa == === Garin Twin - biranen 'yar'uwa === [[Fayil:Hossli_Heinrich_(1784-1864).jpg|thumb|201x201px|Heinrich Hossli]] [[Fayil:NR_Werner_Marti.jpg|thumb|197x197px|Werner Marti]] [[Fayil:Fritz_Kunzli.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Fritz Kunzli, 2004]] e5h8wvmgju53dx8bcq31as7ql35f752 888089 888088 2026-07-27T11:44:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 888089 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Glarus''' (de-CHde-CHde-CH; Jamusanci Alemannic: Glaris; Faransanci: Glaris fr; Italiyanci: Glarona; Romansh: Glaruna) babban birnin Glarus ne a Switzerland. Tun daga 1 ga Janairu, 2011, gundumar Glarus ta ƙunshi tsoffin gundumomin Ennenda, Netstal da Riedrn. Glarus yana kan kogin Linth tsakanin ƙafar Glärnisch (ɓangaren Schwyzer Alps) zuwa yamma da Schilt (Glarus Alps) zuwa gabas. Gine-gine kaɗan da aka gina kafin wutar 1861 suka rage. Itace, masaku, da robobi, da kuma bugu, sune kan gaba a masana'antu. Alamar birnin ita ce cocin birnin Neo-Romanesque. [[Fayil:Glarus_Stadtkirche_Friedhof.jpg|right|thumb|Cocin Glarus, wanda aka gina a 1861 bayan gobara ta lalata tsohuwar cocin da yawancin garin Glarus]] [[Fayil:Glarus_Stadtkirche_Langhaus.jpg|right|thumb|Yankin cocin]] An fara ambaton ''Glarus'' a farkon karni na 9 a cikin [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] a matsayin ''Clarona'' . A cikin 1178 an fara ambata shi a cikin Jamusanci a matsayin Glarus . A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 878, Sarkin sarakuna Charles the Fat ya ba matarsa Richgard ko Richardis gidajen ibada na Säckingen, na St. Felix da na Regula a Zürich a matsayin gidan sarauta. Wannan tallafin ƙasa ya haɗa da haƙƙin siyasa masu yawa da kuma babban ƙasa. Wannan ƙasa ta rufe ƙasa a cikin kwarin Rhine da Frick, Kudancin Hotzenwald, ƙasa a Zürich, tare da tafkin Walen da kwarin Glarus. Glarus ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Säckingen Abbey har zuwa 1395 (na ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar ko dai Counts na Lenzburg da Kyburg da / ko Raetia Curiensis), lokacin da kwarin Glarus ya rabu da abbey kuma ya zama mai zaman kansa.. Ya zama babban birnin kwarin Linth a cikin 1419. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, kwarin ya fara haɓaka masana'antu. Huldrych Zwingli shugaban Ɗaukakawa a Switzerland ya yi hidima a matsayinsa na farko, na Roman Katolika, na coci a Glarus, tun daga shekara ta 1506. Ya yi hidima a can na tsawon shekaru goma. A Glarus ne, wanda ake amfani da sojojinsa a matsayin 'yan haya a Turai, Zwingli ya shiga harkokin siyasa. Ƙungiyar Swiss Confederation ta shiga cikin kamfen daban-daban tare da maƙwabta: Faransanci, Habsburgs, da Jihohin Papal. Zwingli ya sanya kansa da ƙarfi a gefen wurin Mai Tsarki. A sakamakon haka, Paparoma Julius II ya girmama Zwingli ta hanyar ba shi fansho na shekara-shekara. Ya ɗauki matsayin limamin coci a yaƙi da dama a Italiya, ciki har da Yaƙin Novara a shekara ta 1513. Duk da haka, ƙaƙƙarfan shan kashi da Swiss suka yi a Yaƙin Marignano ya haifar da canjin yanayi a Glarus don goyon bayan Faransawa maimakon Paparoma. Zwingli, ɗan jam'iyyar Paparoma, ya sami kansa a cikin tsaka mai wuya kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Einsiedeln a yankin Schwyz. Duk da yake shi ba mai gyara ba ne a Glarus, a can ya fara haɓaka ra'ayoyin da za su kai ga hutu da Cocin Katolika a Zürich.. A cikin 1528 gyare-gyaren ya sami gindin zama a Glarus, wanda Zwingli ya jagoranta a Zürich. Ko da yake ya yi wa’azi na shekara 10 a Glarus, garin ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ɗariƙar Katolika. Duk da haka, bayan yakin Kappel na biyu a shekara ta 1531 an bai wa mazauna Katolika da na Furotesta 'yancin yin ibada a garin. Wannan ya sa ƙungiyoyin addinai biyu suka yi amfani da cocin garin lokaci guda, tsarin da ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa. A karni na 18 duka kungiyoyin sun yi tarayya da coci amma suna da gabobin daban-daban. A cikin 1697 an yi taro biyu na kuɗi da na tauhidi masu zaman kansu a cikin cocin birni Bayan mamayar Faransa a 1798, Glarus ya zama babban birnin Canton na Linth a cikin Jamhuriyar Helvetic. Gudanar da Canton ya koma Glarus. Koyaya, sabbin masu gudanarwa sun sami matsala wajen kafawa da aiwatar da kowace sabuwar ƙa'ida. A cikin Agusta 1802 masu gudanar da sabon Canton sun bar Glarus zuwa Rapperswil saboda matsalolin da suka fuskanta a Glarus. A cikin 1803, tare da Dokar Sasanci, Canton na Linth ya rushe kuma Glarus ya zama babban birnin karamar hukumar Glarus. A shekara ta 1859, hanyar jirgin kasa ta kai Glarus daga Weesen. An buɗe faɗaɗa zuwa Schwanden da Linthal a shekara ta 1879. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Güterschuppen 8750 Glarus |url=http://www.heimatschutz.ch/index.php?id=779&tx_wfqbe_pi1%5Buid%5D=54 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234151/http://www.heimatschutz.ch/index.php?id=779&tx_wfqbe_pi1%5Buid%5D=54 |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=22 May 2013 |publisher=Schweizer Heimatschutz.ch |language=de}}</ref> Garin ya kirkiro kungiyar Emigration Society kuma ya aika da Alkalin Niklaus Dürst da masanin ƙarfe Fridolin Streif don neman ƙasa don su zauna a Arewacin Amurka a 1845. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, masu mulkin mallaka 131 daga Glarus sun zauna a New Glarus, Wisconsin, wani gari wanda har yanzu yana riƙe da tushen Switzerland kuma yana jin daɗin dangantaka mai ƙarfi da Glarus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Glarus History/Timeline |url=https://www.swisshistoricalvillage.org/new-glarus-history-timeline |access-date=28 July 2021 |publisher=New Glarus Historical Society |language=en |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728153230/https://www.swisshistoricalvillage.org/new-glarus-history-timeline |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 10/11 ga Mayu 1861, garin ya yi barna sakamakon wata gobara da wata iska mai tsananin tashin hankali ta Föhn ko kuma ta kuda ta ta rutsa da ita, tana gangarowa daga manyan tsaunuka ta hanyar ramin yanayi da kwarin Linth ya kafa. An yi kiyasin jimillar asarar da aka yi ta kai kusan fam miliyan 100, wanda kusan fam 100,000 ne aka yi ta hanyar biyan kuɗin da aka samu daga kowane bangare. Kimanin kashi biyu bisa uku na Glarus (gina-gine 593) sun lalace a babbar gobara. Bayan wannan lamarin, an sake gina Glarus a cikin salon toshe bisa ga tsare-tsaren gine-gine na Bernhard Simon da Johann Caspar Wolff.. In 1864, the first European labor law to protect workers was introduced in Glarus, prohibiting workers from working more than 12 hours a day.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2013}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Glarus_Panorama.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton Birnin Glarus]] [[Fayil:ETH-BIB-Glarus_v._S._aus_1000_m-Inlandflüge-LBS_MH01-003490.tif|right|thumb|Bayyanar sama daga 1000 m ta Walter Mittelholzer (1923) &nbsp;]] Garin yana cikin ''Glarner Mittelland'' a kan wani kwari mai zurfi tsakanin Glärnisch da Linth. The municipality Glarus before 2011 had an area of {{Convert|69.2|km2}}. Of this area, 23% was used for agricultural purposes, while 31.4% was forested; of the rest of the land, 2.7% was settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (42.9%) was non-productive (2006 figures). Tare da haɗa Ennenda, Netstal da Riedrn a cikin 2011, gundumar Glarus yanzu tana da yanki na 103.67 km2 (40.03 sq mi).[13] Dangane da binciken 2004/09, kusan kashi 26.3% na jimillar yanki ana amfani da su ne don ayyukan noma, yayin da kashi 34.3% na gandun daji ne. Daga cikin sauran ƙasar, 4.1% yana zaune (ginai ko hanyoyi) kuma 35.2% ƙasa ce mara amfani. A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata (1979/85-2004/09) adadin ƙasar da aka zaunar da shi ya ƙaru da hekta 42 (kadada 100) kuma ƙasar noma ta ragu da ƙasa. == Yawan jama'a == Glarus yana da yawan jama'a (har daga Disamba 2020[sabunta]) na 12,539. Tun daga 2013 [sabunta], 24.9% na yawan jama'a mazauna kasashen waje ne. A cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata (2010-2013) yawan jama'a ya canza a cikin adadin 2.07%. Yawan haihuwa a cikin gundumar, a cikin 2013, ya kasance 9.8 yayin da adadin mutuwar ya kasance 8.4 a cikin dubun mazaunan.. Ya zuwa 2013, yara da matasa (shekaru 0-19) sun kai kashi 20.6% na yawan jama'a, yayin da manya (shekara 20-64) suna da kashi 61.1% kuma tsofaffi (sama da shekaru 64) sun kai kashi 18.3%. Yawancin jama'a (kamar yadda na 2000) suna magana da Jamusanci (86.0%), tare da Italiyanci na biyu mafi yawan (4.8%) kuma Albanian na uku (2.6%). == Yawan jama'a na tarihi == An ba da yawan jama'a na tarihi a cikin tebur mai zuwa: {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;" !shekara !yawan jama'a !'Yan ƙasar Switzerland !% Magana da Jamusanci !% [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] !% Roman Katolika |- |1554 | align="center" |ca. 1,550 | | | | |- |1682 | align="center" |ca. 1,200 | | | | |- |1777 | align="center" |ca. 2,400 | | | | |- |1837 | align="center" |4,094 | | | | |- |1850 | align="center" |4,082 | align="center" |3,960 | align="center" | | align="center" |86.0% | align="center" |14.0% |- |1870 | align="center" |5,485 | align="center" |5,204 | align="center" | | align="center" |77.7% | align="center" |22.6% |- |1888 | align="center" |5,357 | align="center" |4,968 | align="center" |98.1% | align="center" |71.6% | align="center" |28.0% |- |1900 | align="center" |4,877 | align="center" |4,424 | align="center" |97.5% | align="center" |74.2% | align="center" |25.6% |- |1910 | align="center" |5,123 | align="center" |4,471 | align="center" |94.8% | align="center" |70.8% | align="center" |28.7% |- |1930 | align="center" |5,269 | align="center" |4,858 | align="center" |97.7% | align="center" |70.5% | align="center" |29.2% |- |1950 | align="center" |5,724 | align="center" |5,376 | align="center" |96.2% | align="center" |68.0% | align="center" |31.4% |- |1970 | align="center" |6,189 | align="center" |5,215 | align="center" |86.9% | align="center" |60.5% | align="center" |38.9% |- |1990 | align="center" |5,728 | align="center" |4,723 | align="center" |86.1% | align="center" |51.9% | align="center" |42.4% |- |2000 | align="center" |5,556 | align="center" |4,379 | align="center" |86.0% | align="center" |45.4% | align="center" |37.7% |- |} == Tattalin Arziki == == Siyasa == A zaben tarayya na 2015 jam'iyyar da ta fi farin jini ita ce jam'iyyar BDP da ta samu kashi 49.7% na kuri'un da aka kada, sai kuma SP da kaso 47.7. Ragowar kashi 2.6 cikin 100 na ‘yan takarar jam’iyyar da ba su da alaka da su. A zaben na tarayya, an kada kuri'u 3,250, kuma yawan masu kada kuri'a ya kai kashi 41.1%. Zaben 2015 ya samu gagarumin sauyi a zaben idan aka kwatanta da na 2011. Kaso na kuri'un da jam'iyyar SP ta samu ya karu sosai daga kashi 28.9% a 2011 zuwa kashi 47.7% a 2015, yayin da yawan da BDP ya ragu daga 57.7% zuwa 49.7%. == Laifi == A cikin 2014 yawan laifuffuka, na laifuka sama da 200 da aka jera a cikin Tsarin Laifukan Swiss (wanda ke gudana daga kisan kai, fashi da makami zuwa karbar cin hanci da zamba da zamba), a Glarus ya kasance 48.2 a cikin dubunnan mazauna. Wannan adadin shine kawai kashi 74.6% na matsakaicin adadin a duk ƙasar. A daidai wannan lokacin, adadin laifukan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kasance 10.2 ga mazauna dubu ɗaya, wanda yayi kama da ƙimar Glarus Süd, amma kusan sau biyu ya ninka na Glarus Nord.. == Ilimi == A Glarus kimanin kashi 71.3% na yawan jama'a (tsakanin shekaru 25-64) sun kammala ko dai karatun sakandare na sama ko ƙarin ilimi mafi girma (ko dai jami'a ko Fachhochschule). == Sufuri == Tashar jirgin kasa ta Glarus tana kan layin dogo na Ziegelbrücke zuwa Linthal. Sabis na Zürich S-Bahn S25 ke yi tsakanin Zürich da Linthal, da sabis na St. Gallen S-Bahn S6 tsakanin Rapperswil da Schwanden. Tun daga canjin jadawalin watan Disamba na 2023, [sabuntawa] duka ayyukan biyu suna aiki sau ɗaya a cikin awa ɗaya, suna haɗawa don samar da jiragen ƙasa biyu a cikin awa ɗaya tsakanin Ziegelbrücke da Schwanden. Tashoshin Ennenda da Netstal suma suna cikin gundumomi, kuma jiragen kasa iri ɗaya suke yi<ref name="zvv">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2023 |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |url=https://www.zvv.ch/zvv-assets/fahrplan/pdf/sbahn.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=ZVV}}</ref><ref name="sgsbmap">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2023 |title=Zürcher S-Bahn /S-Bahn St.Gallen /S-Bahn Schaffhausen /S-Bahn Bodensee |url=https://www.thurbo.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2024_Liniennetzplan_Zuerich_Ostschweiz_Bodensee.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=[[THURBO]] |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216083155/https://www.thurbo.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2024_Liniennetzplan_Zuerich_Ostschweiz_Bodensee.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="fpf736">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2023 |title=Ziegelbrücke - Linthal |url=https://www.öv-info.ch/sites/default/files/fap/2024/pdf/736.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=Bundesamt für Verkehr}}</ref> == Yanayi == Tsakanin 1991 da 2020 Glarus yana da matsakaita na kwanaki 142.2 na ruwan sama a shekara kuma a matsakaicin ya sami 1,494 mm (58.8 in) na hazo. Watan da ya fi dauri shine Yuli a lokacin Glarus ya sami matsakaicin 193 mm (7.6 in) na hazo. A cikin wannan watan an sami hazo na matsakaita na kwanaki 14.8. Watanni tare da mafi yawan kwanakin hazo sune Yuni zuwa Agusta. Watan mafi bushewa na shekara shine Fabrairu tare da matsakaicin 80 mm (3.1 in) na hazo sama da kwanaki 9.5. == Dangantaka ta kasa da kasa == === Garin Twin - biranen 'yar'uwa === [[Fayil:Hossli_Heinrich_(1784-1864).jpg|thumb|201x201px|Heinrich Hossli]] [[Fayil:NR_Werner_Marti.jpg|thumb|197x197px|Werner Marti]] [[Fayil:Fritz_Kunzli.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Fritz Kunzli, 2004]] pjag2xon5ss3x9r4lpjw0oa2v73inum 888090 888089 2026-07-27T11:45:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 888090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Glarus''' (de-CHde-CHde-CH; Jamusanci Alemannic: Glaris; Faransanci: Glaris fr; Italiyanci: Glarona; Romansh: Glaruna) babban birnin Glarus ne a Switzerland. Tun daga 1 ga Janairu, 2011, gundumar Glarus ta ƙunshi tsoffin gundumomin Ennenda, Netstal da Riedrn. Glarus yana kan kogin Linth tsakanin ƙafar Glärnisch (ɓangaren Schwyzer Alps) zuwa yamma da Schilt (Glarus Alps) zuwa gabas. Gine-gine kaɗan da aka gina kafin wutar 1861 suka rage. Itace, masaku, da robobi, da kuma bugu, sune kan gaba a masana'antu. Alamar birnin ita ce cocin birnin Neo-Romanesque. [[Fayil:Glarus_Stadtkirche_Friedhof.jpg|right|thumb|Cocin Glarus, wanda aka gina a 1861 bayan gobara ta lalata tsohuwar cocin da yawancin garin Glarus]] [[Fayil:Glarus_Stadtkirche_Langhaus.jpg|right|thumb|Yankin cocin]] An fara ambaton ''Glarus'' a farkon karni na 9 a cikin [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] a matsayin ''Clarona'' . A cikin 1178 an fara ambata shi a cikin Jamusanci a matsayin Glarus . A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 878, Sarkin sarakuna Charles the Fat ya ba matarsa Richgard ko Richardis gidajen ibada na Säckingen, na St. Felix da na Regula a Zürich a matsayin gidan sarauta. Wannan tallafin ƙasa ya haɗa da haƙƙin siyasa masu yawa da kuma babban ƙasa. Wannan ƙasa ta rufe ƙasa a cikin kwarin Rhine da Frick, Kudancin Hotzenwald, ƙasa a Zürich, tare da tafkin Walen da kwarin Glarus. Glarus ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Säckingen Abbey har zuwa 1395 (na ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar ko dai Counts na Lenzburg da Kyburg da / ko Raetia Curiensis), lokacin da kwarin Glarus ya rabu da abbey kuma ya zama mai zaman kansa.. Ya zama babban birnin kwarin Linth a cikin 1419. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, kwarin ya fara haɓaka masana'antu. Huldrych Zwingli shugaban Ɗaukakawa a Switzerland ya yi hidima a matsayinsa na farko, na Roman Katolika, na coci a Glarus, tun daga shekara ta 1506. Ya yi hidima a can na tsawon shekaru goma. A Glarus ne, wanda ake amfani da sojojinsa a matsayin 'yan haya a Turai, Zwingli ya shiga harkokin siyasa. Ƙungiyar Swiss Confederation ta shiga cikin kamfen daban-daban tare da maƙwabta: Faransanci, Habsburgs, da Jihohin Papal. Zwingli ya sanya kansa da ƙarfi a gefen wurin Mai Tsarki. A sakamakon haka, Paparoma Julius II ya girmama Zwingli ta hanyar ba shi fansho na shekara-shekara. Ya ɗauki matsayin limamin coci a yaƙi da dama a Italiya, ciki har da Yaƙin Novara a shekara ta 1513. Duk da haka, ƙaƙƙarfan shan kashi da Swiss suka yi a Yaƙin Marignano ya haifar da canjin yanayi a Glarus don goyon bayan Faransawa maimakon Paparoma. Zwingli, ɗan jam'iyyar Paparoma, ya sami kansa a cikin tsaka mai wuya kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Einsiedeln a yankin Schwyz. Duk da yake shi ba mai gyara ba ne a Glarus, a can ya fara haɓaka ra'ayoyin da za su kai ga hutu da Cocin Katolika a Zürich.. A cikin 1528 gyare-gyaren ya sami gindin zama a Glarus, wanda Zwingli ya jagoranta a Zürich. Ko da yake ya yi wa’azi na shekara 10 a Glarus, garin ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ɗariƙar Katolika. Duk da haka, bayan yakin Kappel na biyu a shekara ta 1531 an bai wa mazauna Katolika da na Furotesta 'yancin yin ibada a garin. Wannan ya sa ƙungiyoyin addinai biyu suka yi amfani da cocin garin lokaci guda, tsarin da ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa. A karni na 18 duka kungiyoyin sun yi tarayya da coci amma suna da gabobin daban-daban. A cikin 1697 an yi taro biyu na kuɗi da na tauhidi masu zaman kansu a cikin cocin birni Bayan mamayar Faransa a 1798, Glarus ya zama babban birnin Canton na Linth a cikin Jamhuriyar Helvetic. Gudanar da Canton ya koma Glarus. Koyaya, sabbin masu gudanarwa sun sami matsala wajen kafawa da aiwatar da kowace sabuwar ƙa'ida. A cikin Agusta 1802 masu gudanar da sabon Canton sun bar Glarus zuwa Rapperswil saboda matsalolin da suka fuskanta a Glarus. A cikin 1803, tare da Dokar Sasanci, Canton na Linth ya rushe kuma Glarus ya zama babban birnin karamar hukumar Glarus. A shekara ta 1859, hanyar jirgin kasa ta kai Glarus daga Weesen. An buɗe faɗaɗa zuwa Schwanden da Linthal a shekara ta 1879. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Güterschuppen 8750 Glarus |url=http://www.heimatschutz.ch/index.php?id=779&tx_wfqbe_pi1%5Buid%5D=54 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234151/http://www.heimatschutz.ch/index.php?id=779&tx_wfqbe_pi1%5Buid%5D=54 |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=22 May 2013 |publisher=Schweizer Heimatschutz.ch |language=de}}</ref> Garin ya kirkiro kungiyar Emigration Society kuma ya aika da Alkalin Niklaus Dürst da masanin ƙarfe Fridolin Streif don neman ƙasa don su zauna a Arewacin Amurka a 1845. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, masu mulkin mallaka 131 daga Glarus sun zauna a New Glarus, Wisconsin, wani gari wanda har yanzu yana riƙe da tushen Switzerland kuma yana jin daɗin dangantaka mai ƙarfi da Glarus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Glarus History/Timeline |url=https://www.swisshistoricalvillage.org/new-glarus-history-timeline |access-date=28 July 2021 |publisher=New Glarus Historical Society |language=en |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728153230/https://www.swisshistoricalvillage.org/new-glarus-history-timeline |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 10/11 ga Mayu 1861, garin ya yi barna sakamakon wata gobara da wata iska mai tsananin tashin hankali ta Föhn ko kuma ta kuda ta ta rutsa da ita, tana gangarowa daga manyan tsaunuka ta hanyar ramin yanayi da kwarin Linth ya kafa. An yi kiyasin jimillar asarar da aka yi ta kai kusan fam miliyan 100, wanda kusan fam 100,000 ne aka yi ta hanyar biyan kuɗin da aka samu daga kowane bangare. Kimanin kashi biyu bisa uku na Glarus (gina-gine 593) sun lalace a babbar gobara. Bayan wannan lamarin, an sake gina Glarus a cikin salon toshe bisa ga tsare-tsaren gine-gine na Bernhard Simon da Johann Caspar Wolff.. In 1864, the first European labor law to protect workers was introduced in Glarus, prohibiting workers from working more than 12 hours a day.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2013}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Glarus_Panorama.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton Birnin Glarus]] [[Fayil:ETH-BIB-Glarus_v._S._aus_1000_m-Inlandflüge-LBS_MH01-003490.tif|right|thumb|Bayyanar sama daga 1000 m ta Walter Mittelholzer (1923) &nbsp;]] Garin yana cikin ''Glarner Mittelland'' a kan wani kwari mai zurfi tsakanin Glärnisch da Linth. The municipality Glarus before 2011 had an area of {{Convert|69.2|km2}}. Of this area, 23% was used for agricultural purposes, while 31.4% was forested; of the rest of the land, 2.7% was settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (42.9%) was non-productive (2006 figures). Tare da haɗa Ennenda, Netstal da Riedrn a cikin 2011, gundumar Glarus yanzu tana da yanki na 103.67 km2 (40.03 sq mi).[13] Dangane da binciken 2004/09, kusan kashi 26.3% na jimillar yanki ana amfani da su ne don ayyukan noma, yayin da kashi 34.3% na gandun daji ne. Daga cikin sauran ƙasar, 4.1% yana zaune (ginai ko hanyoyi) kuma 35.2% ƙasa ce mara amfani. A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata (1979/85-2004/09) adadin ƙasar da aka zaunar da shi ya ƙaru da hekta 42 (kadada 100) kuma ƙasar noma ta ragu da ƙasa. == Yawan jama'a == Glarus yana da yawan jama'a (har daga Disamba 2020[sabunta]) na 12,539. Tun daga 2013 [sabunta], 24.9% na yawan jama'a mazauna kasashen waje ne. A cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata (2010-2013) yawan jama'a ya canza a cikin adadin 2.07%. Yawan haihuwa a cikin gundumar, a cikin 2013, ya kasance 9.8 yayin da adadin mutuwar ya kasance 8.4 a cikin dubun mazaunan.. Ya zuwa 2013, yara da matasa (shekaru 0-19) sun kai kashi 20.6% na yawan jama'a, yayin da manya (shekara 20-64) suna da kashi 61.1% kuma tsofaffi (sama da shekaru 64) sun kai kashi 18.3%. Yawancin jama'a (kamar yadda na 2000) suna magana da Jamusanci (86.0%), tare da Italiyanci na biyu mafi yawan (4.8%) kuma Albanian na uku (2.6%). == Yawan jama'a na tarihi == An ba da yawan jama'a na tarihi a cikin tebur mai zuwa: {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;" !shekara !yawan jama'a !'Yan ƙasar Switzerland !% Magana da Jamusanci !% [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] !% Roman Katolika |- |1554 | align="center" |ca. 1,550 | | | | |- |1682 | align="center" |ca. 1,200 | | | | |- |1777 | align="center" |ca. 2,400 | | | | |- |1837 | align="center" |4,094 | | | | |- |1850 | align="center" |4,082 | align="center" |3,960 | align="center" | | align="center" |86.0% | align="center" |14.0% |- |1870 | align="center" |5,485 | align="center" |5,204 | align="center" | | align="center" |77.7% | align="center" |22.6% |- |1888 | align="center" |5,357 | align="center" |4,968 | align="center" |98.1% | align="center" |71.6% | align="center" |28.0% |- |1900 | align="center" |4,877 | align="center" |4,424 | align="center" |97.5% | align="center" |74.2% | align="center" |25.6% |- |1910 | align="center" |5,123 | align="center" |4,471 | align="center" |94.8% | align="center" |70.8% | align="center" |28.7% |- |1930 | align="center" |5,269 | align="center" |4,858 | align="center" |97.7% | align="center" |70.5% | align="center" |29.2% |- |1950 | align="center" |5,724 | align="center" |5,376 | align="center" |96.2% | align="center" |68.0% | align="center" |31.4% |- |1970 | align="center" |6,189 | align="center" |5,215 | align="center" |86.9% | align="center" |60.5% | align="center" |38.9% |- |1990 | align="center" |5,728 | align="center" |4,723 | align="center" |86.1% | align="center" |51.9% | align="center" |42.4% |- |2000 | align="center" |5,556 | align="center" |4,379 | align="center" |86.0% | align="center" |45.4% | align="center" |37.7% |- |} == Tattalin Arziki == == Siyasa == A zaben tarayya na 2015 jam'iyyar da ta fi farin jini ita ce jam'iyyar BDP da ta samu kashi 49.7% na kuri'un da aka kada, sai kuma SP da kaso 47.7. Ragowar kashi 2.6 cikin 100 na ‘yan takarar jam’iyyar da ba su da alaka da su. A zaben na tarayya, an kada kuri'u 3,250, kuma yawan masu kada kuri'a ya kai kashi 41.1%. Zaben 2015 ya samu gagarumin sauyi a zaben idan aka kwatanta da na 2011. Kaso na kuri'un da jam'iyyar SP ta samu ya karu sosai daga kashi 28.9% a 2011 zuwa kashi 47.7% a 2015, yayin da yawan da BDP ya ragu daga 57.7% zuwa 49.7%. == Laifi == A cikin 2014 yawan laifuffuka, na laifuka sama da 200 da aka jera a cikin Tsarin Laifukan Swiss (wanda ke gudana daga kisan kai, fashi da makami zuwa karbar cin hanci da zamba da zamba), a Glarus ya kasance 48.2 a cikin dubunnan mazauna. Wannan adadin shine kawai kashi 74.6% na matsakaicin adadin a duk ƙasar. A daidai wannan lokacin, adadin laifukan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kasance 10.2 ga mazauna dubu ɗaya, wanda yayi kama da ƙimar Glarus Süd, amma kusan sau biyu ya ninka na Glarus Nord.. == Ilimi == A Glarus kimanin kashi 71.3% na yawan jama'a (tsakanin shekaru 25-64) sun kammala ko dai karatun sakandare na sama ko ƙarin ilimi mafi girma (ko dai jami'a ko Fachhochschule). == Sufuri == Tashar jirgin kasa ta Glarus tana kan layin dogo na Ziegelbrücke zuwa Linthal. Sabis na Zürich S-Bahn S25 ke yi tsakanin Zürich da Linthal, da sabis na St. Gallen S-Bahn S6 tsakanin Rapperswil da Schwanden. Tun daga canjin jadawalin watan Disamba na 2023, [sabuntawa] duka ayyukan biyu suna aiki sau ɗaya a cikin awa ɗaya, suna haɗawa don samar da jiragen ƙasa biyu a cikin awa ɗaya tsakanin Ziegelbrücke da Schwanden. Tashoshin Ennenda da Netstal suma suna cikin gundumomi, kuma jiragen kasa iri ɗaya suke yi<ref name="zvv">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2023 |title=S-Bahn trains, buses and boats |url=https://www.zvv.ch/zvv-assets/fahrplan/pdf/sbahn.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=ZVV}}</ref><ref name="sgsbmap">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2023 |title=Zürcher S-Bahn /S-Bahn St.Gallen /S-Bahn Schaffhausen /S-Bahn Bodensee |url=https://www.thurbo.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2024_Liniennetzplan_Zuerich_Ostschweiz_Bodensee.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=[[THURBO]] |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216083155/https://www.thurbo.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/2024_Liniennetzplan_Zuerich_Ostschweiz_Bodensee.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="fpf736">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2023 |title=Ziegelbrücke - Linthal |url=https://www.öv-info.ch/sites/default/files/fap/2024/pdf/736.pdf |access-date=16 December 2023 |publisher=Bundesamt für Verkehr}}</ref> == Yanayi == Tsakanin 1991 da 2020 Glarus yana da matsakaita na kwanaki 142.2 na ruwan sama a shekara kuma a matsakaicin ya sami 1,494 mm (58.8 in) na hazo. Watan da ya fi dauri shine Yuli a lokacin Glarus ya sami matsakaicin 193 mm (7.6 in) na hazo. A cikin wannan watan an sami hazo na matsakaita na kwanaki 14.8. Watanni tare da mafi yawan kwanakin hazo sune Yuni zuwa Agusta. Watan mafi bushewa na shekara shine Fabrairu tare da matsakaicin 80 mm (3.1 in) na hazo sama da kwanaki 9.5. == Dangantaka ta kasa da kasa == === Garin Twin - biranen 'yar'uwa === [[Fayil:Hossli_Heinrich_(1784-1864).jpg|thumb|201x201px|Heinrich Hossli]] [[Fayil:NR_Werner_Marti.jpg|thumb|197x197px|Werner Marti]] [[Fayil:Fritz_Kunzli.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Fritz Kunzli, 2004]] sftaz4zpyyzh8auf0zkkirnf8lx5eaf 0 155201 887921 848131 2026-07-26T23:10:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lafiyar kwakwalwa a Ostiraliya''' ta ƙunshi shiga tsakani na gwamnati, masu zaman kansu da kuma ɓangaren al'umma a cikin al'amuran lafiyar kwakwalwa . Kashi 20% na 'yan Australiya suna fuskantar yanayi ɗaya ko fiye na lafiyar kwakwalwa a rayuwarsu. <ref name="abs">{{Cite web |title=National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: Summary of Results |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4326.0Main+Features32007?OpenDocument |access-date=13 April 2019 |website=ABS.gov}}</ref> Ostiraliya tana gudanar da tsarin kula da lafiya iri ɗaya, tare da kula da lafiyar jama'a da ta masu zaman kansu. Tsarin gwamnati ya haɗa da tsarin inshorar gwamnati da ake kira Medicare, wanda ke taimakawa tsare-tsaren lafiyar kwakwalwa. Kowace jiha a cikin Ostiraliya tana da nata tsare-tsaren gudanarwa don maganin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Duk da haka, tsarin gabaɗaya da kashe kuɗi sun kasance iri ɗaya. <ref name="gallagher">{{Cite web |last=Gallagher |title=Progress of mental health system reform in Australia |url=http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-f-plan09-toc~mental-pubs-f-plan09-con~mental-pubs-f-plan09-con-pro |access-date=12 April 2019 |website=Health.gov.au}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ostiraliya ta kafa tsarin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa na Birtaniya gaba ɗaya, bayan isowar rundunar farko a shekarar 1788. Ostiraliya tana da cibiyar kula da tabin hankali ta farko a shekarar 1811. Kafin haka, an haɗa mutanen da ke fama da tabin hankali tare da waɗanda aka yanke wa hukunci da masu laifi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dax |last2=EC |date=1989 |title='The first 200 years of Australian psychiatry |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/home/anp |journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=103–110 |doi=10.3109/00048678909062599 |pmid=2649057 |s2cid=21453010 |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 April 2019}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman lokutan da aka taɓa yi a tarihin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa a Ostiraliya, shi ne abin da ake kira "deinstitutionalization" a New South Wales . Wannan ya faru ne bayan da aka fitar da Rahoton Richmond a shekarar 1983. Wannan rahoton ya binciki jita-jitar cin zarafi da rashin adalci ga marasa lafiya na cibiyoyin kula da tabin hankali. Takaddama kan ko rahoton ya yi wani abin kirki ya ci gaba da wanzuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burdekin |last2=Hall |last3=B |last4=D |last5=Guilfoyle |date=1993 |title=Human rights and mental illness: Report of the national inquiry into the human rights of people with mental illness |url=https://apo.org.au/node/29708 |access-date=9 April 2019}}</ref> An gabatar da Tsarin Kula da Lafiyar Hankali na Ƙasa na farko a shekarar 1992. Akwai tsare-tsare shida na kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa na ƙasa. Majalisar Lafiya ta COAG ta amince da Tsarin Kula da Lafiyar Hankali na Ƙasa na Biyar da Rigakafin Kashe Kai a shekarar 2017 don jagorantar gyare-gyare tsakanin 2017 da 2022. [1] A shekarar 2021, Gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta fitar da Tsarin Kula da Lafiyar Hankali na Ƙasa da Rigakafin Kashe Kai, wani shiri na dala biliyan 2.3 da ke mayar da martani ga binciken Hukumar Samar da Ayyuka kan lafiyar kwakwalwa. [2] Duk da cewa an yi wa Ostiraliya biki saboda tsarin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa mai kyau, har yanzu akwai batutuwa da dama. Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Ostiraliya (AMA) ta ba da rahoto a cikin bitar lafiyar kwakwalwa ta 2018 cewa "Ostiraliya ba ta da wani tsari na musamman na lafiyar kwakwalwa. Babu wani tsari ko tsari da aka amince da shi na ƙasa wanda ke sauƙaƙa rigakafi ko kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa yadda ya kamata ga mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan kwakwalwa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=AMA |date=14 January 2018 |title=Mental Health - 2018 |url=https://ama.com.au/position-statement/mental-health-2018 |access-date=7 June 2019 |website=Australian Medical Association (AMA) |publisher=Australian Medical Association}}</ref> Duk da cewa ƙungiyar ta lura cewa kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ta matasa ya yi nasara sosai, ta yi imanin cewa matsayin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ga manya ya yi ƙasa sosai. AMA ta yi jayayya cewa gwamnatin Ostiraliya ba ta da tsarin tsarin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa kuma makomar kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa a Ostiraliya tana cikin haɗari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2020 |title=Mental Health |url=https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/mental-health/report |access-date=6 June 2026 |publisher=Productivity Commission}}</ref> Gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta kashe dala biliyan 9.1 kan ayyukan da suka shafi lafiyar kwakwalwa a shekarar 2017. Wannan ya kai matsakaicin dala $375 ga kowane mutum, karuwar daga dala $359 a shekarar da ta gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2019 |title=GPs on frontline of $9.1 billion battle |url=https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/professional/gps-on-frontline-of-$9-1-billion-battle |access-date=6 June 2026 |publisher=Royal Australian College of General Practitioners}}</ref> A tsakanin 2016 zuwa 2017, kashi 7.4% na kudaden da gwamnatin Ostiraliya ke kashewa kan harkokin lafiyar kwakwalwa sun tafi ne ga ayyukan lafiyar kwakwalwa. Masu suka sun nemi a kara kudaden, suna masu ikirarin cewa kasafin kudin lafiyar kwakwalwa ya yi karanci sosai. A shekarar 2015, lafiyar kwakwalwa ta kai kashi 5.2% na kasafin kudin kiwon lafiya na shekara-shekara, kodayake lafiyar kwakwalwa ta kai kashi 12% na nauyin cutar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=AIHW |title=The Australian Burden of Disease Study 2011 |url=https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-data/health-conditions-disability-deaths/burden-of-disease/overview |access-date=7 June 2019 |website=AIHW}}</ref> == Masu ba da magani da gwamnati ke tallafawa == === Lafiyar Hankali ta Medicare === Medicare Mental Health sabis ne na kan layi da na wayar tarho wanda aka tsara don taimaka wa mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa; duk masu ba da amsa ƙwararrun likitoci ne. Medicare Mental Health ta kuma samar da albarkatu sama da 408 ga mutanen da ke fama da matsala, gami da gidajen yanar gizo, shirye-shiryen kan layi, manhajoji, da kuma ayyukan layin waya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Medicare Mental Health |url=https://medicarementalhealth.gov.au/ |access-date=20 April 2025 |website=Medicare Mental Health}}</ref> === Buɗaɗɗen Hannu === Open Arms ƙungiya ce da aka yi niyya don taimaka wa tsoffin sojoji da iyalan tsoffin sojoji da suka ji rauni a hankali, tana ba da taimako da albarkatu. Sashen Harkokin Tsoffin Sojoji (DVA) ne ke kula da Open Arms kuma tana gudanar da shirye-shirye iri-iri na kan layi don biyan buƙatun mutane daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Helping veterans and their families lead happy and healthy lives |url=https://www.openarms.gov.au/ |access-date=20 April 2025 |website=Open Arms |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418065246/https://www.openarms.gov.au/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Bayan Shuɗi === Beyond Blue ƙungiya ce da ke aiki tare da mutane da ke fama da matsaloli daban-daban na lafiyar kwakwalwa, musamman: matsalolin shan muggan kwayoyi, matsalolin damuwa da kuma matsalolin da suka shafi damuwa. Beyond Blue tana da nufin wayar da kan jama'ar Australiya game da lafiyar kwakwalwa da kuma samar da dabarun kare ta. Manufar Beyond Blue ita ce kamar haka "Muna nan ga kowa a Ostiraliya - a wurin aiki, a gida, a makaranta, a jami'a, a yanar gizo, da kuma a cikin al'ummomi a faɗin ƙasar." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beyond Blue Home |url=https://www.beyondblue.org.au/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=Beyond Blue}}</ref> Beyond Blue tana gudanar da layin taimakonta awanni 24 a rana, kuma tana ba da ɗan gajeren shawarwari na mintuna 20 ga kowa. === Sararin Samaniya === Headspace an yi ta ne don taimaka wa matasa (masu shekaru 12-25) da ke fama da matsalolin da suka shafi lafiyar kwakwalwa. Headspace tana ba da ayyukan ba da shawara a matsayin babban abin da ake buƙata don magance su. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne sa baki da wuri, don hana cututtukan kwakwalwa da ke da tasiri mai ɗorewa ga rayuwar mutum. Headspace yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa na Ostiraliya, tare da wurare sama da 100 a faɗin ƙasar, waɗanda duk kyauta ne ko kuma masu rahusa. Headspace ta kuma ƙaddamar da wani shiri da ya mayar da hankali kan taimaka wa ɗalibai - Tallafin Ɗaliban Headspace. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Headspace information & support |url=https://headspace.org.au/eheadspace/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=Headspace}}</ref> === Ka Zama Kai === Kungiyar Be You kungiya ce ta kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa wadda ta mayar da hankali kan hana matsaloli da kuma tallafawa lafiyar kwakwalwa ta yara. Manufarsu ita ce kamar haka "kowace al'umma mai ilimi tana da kyau, tana da haɗin kai da juriya - wuri ne da kowane yaro, matashi, mai ilimi da iyali za su iya cimma mafi kyawun lafiyar kwakwalwa." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Be You |url=https://beyou.edu.au/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=Beyond Blue}}</ref> === Lifeline Ostiraliya === Lifeline babbar layin wayar tarho ce ta hana kashe kai a Ostiraliya kuma wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da aka yi wa rijista, tana ba da ayyukan tallafi da kuma karɓar kira 24/7. Lifeline tana karɓar sabon kira a kowane minti daga wani wuri a Ostiraliya. Mutane suna kiran Lifeline game da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da dama, ciki har da: damuwa, damuwa, baƙin ciki da tunanin kashe kai. Babban lambar Lifeline ita ce: 13 11 14 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lifeline |url=https://www.lifeline.org.au/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=Lifeline Australia}}</ref> === Healthdirect === Healthdirect tana aiki a matsayin hanyar sadarwa da ke ba da bayanai game da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na Ostiraliya da kuma bayanai game da cututtuka gaba ɗaya. A ƙarƙashin ɓangaren ɓangaren cututtukan Lafiyar Hankali, Healthdirect tana haɗi zuwa wasu ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na Ostiraliya waɗanda aka tsara don biyan buƙatun marasa lafiya iri-iri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mental Health Direct |url=https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-health-disorders |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=Mental health disorders}}</ref> === Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Hankali ta Ƙasa === Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Hankali ta Ƙasa ƙungiya ce da ke ba da rahoto game da halin da tsarin tallafawa lafiyar kwakwalwa na Ostiraliya yake ciki a yanzu. Manufar Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Hankali ta Ƙasa ita ce "ba da kulawar lafiyar kwakwalwa da rigakafin kashe kai a ƙasa, yin tasiri ga gyare-gyare da kuma taimaka wa mutane su rayu da gudummawar rayuwa ta hanyar bayar da rahoto, ba da shawara da haɗin gwiwa." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mental Health Commission Home |url=http://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=Mental Health Commission}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] izgfwm4g19k9dhau3revsc0ysn2a32a 0 155226 887917 848311 2026-07-26T22:54:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Color Health, Inc. (wanda aka kafa a matsayin Color Genomics) kamfani ne na kiwon lafiya na Amurka wanda ke mai da hankali kan isar da kula da cutar kansa. Kamfanin yana aiki da Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon daji ta Virtual wacce ke ba da sabis a rigakafin ciwon daji, ganowa, tantancewa, ganewar asali, da kula da tsira. == Tarihi == Elad Gil, Nish Bhat, Taylor Sittler, da Othman Laraki ne suka kafa launi a shekarar 2015, wanda ke aiki a matsayin Shugaba na kamfanin, a Burlingame, California.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2015 |title=“Color Genomics launches with $2.5M from Khosla, First Round, others.” |url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/03/04/color-genomics-launches/ |website=VentureBeat }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na 2021, kamfanin ya tara dala miliyan 100 a cikin jerin kudade na Series E wanda Janar Catalyst ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farr |first=Christina |date=November 30, 2021 |title=“Digital health startup Color valued at $4.6 billion after raising $100 million.” |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/30/color-raises-100-million-valuation-4point6-billion.html |website=CNBC}}</ref> A cikin 2023, Color ya sake mayar da hankali ga kokarinsa daga yawan jama'a da gwajin COVID-19 zuwa isar da kula da cutar kansa, gabatar da Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon daji ta Virtual, cikakken mallakar, dandalin kula da ciwon daji wanda ke ba da ganowa da wuri, kula da ilimin kanjamau, da kuma goyon bayan tsira a matsayin mai ba da kulawa da lafiya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=“Color Health – Cancer Care.” |url=https://www.color.com/cancer |access-date= |website=Color.com}}</ref> == Tsarin Kula da Ciwon daji == A cikin 2023, Color Health ta ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon daji ta Virtual don samar da kimantawar haɗarin ciwon daji, ganowa da wuri, daidaitawar magani, da tallafin tsira. Ana ba da kulawa daidai da jagororin asibiti da aka kafa ta hanyar likitocin da aka horar da su, likitocin kulawa ta farko, da masu ba da lasisi a duk jihohin Amurka 50. <ref name=":0"/> A cewar kamfanin, shiga shekara ta farko yawanci ya kasance daga kashi 20 zuwa 30 cikin dari na mutanen da suka cancanta, tare da rahoton karuwar bin diddigin tantancewa har zuwa kashi 77 cikin dari da kuma gajeren lokaci daga tantancewa zuwa ganewar asali har zuwa kashi 55.<ref>{{Cite web |title=“Color Health – Employers.” |url=https://www.color.com/employers |website=Color.com}}</ref> Rahoton waje ya lura cewa Launi ya yi amfani da kayan aikin fasaha na wucin gadi don samar da tantance ciwon daji da tsare-tsaren bincike, tare da burin rage ayyukan da aka rasa da ƙirƙirar shawarwari masu daidaituwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2023 |title=“Color Health, OpenAI team up on AI-generated cancer screening plans.” |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/health-tech/color-health-openai-work-together-ai-generated-screening-plans-cancer-patients |website=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Virtual ta haɗa da shirye-shiryen tallafin kiwon lafiya na halayyar mutum, cibiyar sadarwar hoto ta ƙasa, da kuma ayyukan bayar da shawarwari.<ref name=":0"/> A cikin 2025, Launi ya gabatar da binciken a taron shekara-shekara na American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) daga shirye-shiryen tantance ciwon daji na telehealth don cututtukan cututtukani da huhu. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun yi amfani da gwajin gida da kimantawa na kama-da-wane don kara samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan ganowa da wuri.[1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9krji90f9f1upu2so025zjz2ypksj1u 0 155310 887762 848470 2026-07-26T15:29:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:James_Graham_building_001.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin James Graham a Beckett Park]] Kwalejin Horar da malamai ta City of [[Leeds]] kwalejin horar da malamai ce da aka kafa a 1907 a Beckett Park a Leeds a West Riding na Yorkshire, Ingila . Bayan haɗuwa da '''Kwalejin Ilimin Jiki ta Carnegie''' a 1968 an sake masa suna Birnin Leeds da Kwaleji ta Carnegia . Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin da ke cikin Jami'ar Leeds Beckett. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:The_Grange_-_Beckett's_Park_-_Leeds_Metropolitan_University_-_geograph.org.uk_-_541515.jpg|right|thumb|Gidan ajiya a Beckett Park]] Kwalejin Horar da City of Leeds ta girma ne daga ''Kwalejin Malamai ta Leeds'' da aka kafa a 1901 don horar da malamai a tsakiya a cikin birni maimakon a cikin makarantu. An kafa kwalejin a tsakiyar gari a 1907 kuma ya koma Beckett Park a 1912. {{Sfn|Thornton|2013}} Shafin da aka zaɓa ya kasance shafin 35 acre a kusa da Kirkstall Grange. Majalisar Leeds ta riga ta hayar gidan don saukar da ɗaliban horar da malamai.{{Sfn|Connell|1994}} Bayan wasu adawa, an sayi dukiyar a kan £ 48,000 daga Lord Grimthorpe . {{Sfn|Connell|1994}} Gasar ga gine-ginen Leeds don tsara babban gini da dakuna bakwai na zama ko masauki, biyu ga maza da biyar ga mata, ya haifar da gabatarwar 27. Ginin ya fara ne a shekara ta 1911 kuma kwalejin ta kasance a shirye don zama a watan Satumbar 1912 . {{Sfn|Connell|1994}} An yi amfani da gidan a matsayin masaukin maza mai suna Grange . Sauran masaukin sunaye ne bayan shahararrun mutanen Yorkshire, ''Cavendish'', ''Fairfax'', ''Brontë'', ''Caedmon'', ''Macaulay'', ''Leighton'' da ''Priestley''.{{Sfn|Connell|1994}} Kwalejin tana da masauki ga daliban mata 300 da maza 180 a cikin masauki takwas kowannensu yana da dalibai 60.{{Sfn|Thornton|2013}} A watan Satumbar 1913 kwalejin ta cika da dalibai daga ko'ina cikin Ingila.{{Sfn|Connell|1994}} A lokacin barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] kwalejin tana gab da shigar da dalibai 421 lokacin da Ofishin Yakin ya kwace ginin don ƙirƙirar Babban Asibitin Arewa na 2, kayan aiki ga Royal Army Medical Corps don kula da wadanda suka mutu. {{Sfn|Thornton|2013}} {{Sfn|Connell|1994}} A lokacin yakin duniya na farko babban matron na asibitin Arewa na 2 da ke Beckett Park, Leeds, shine Euphemia Steele Innes . <ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 1935 |title=Appointments: Territorial Army Nursing Service |url=https://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/volumes/83/Volume%2083%20Page%2048 |journal=The British Journal of Nursing |volume=83 |page=48 |access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref> An yi amfani da makarantun gida don koyarwa kuma an yi amfani da manyan gidaje da yawa a Headingley don saukar da ɗalibai. A cikin 1916 Ofishin Yakin ya karɓi dukan kwalejin don asibitin wanda ya kasance a buɗe har zuwa 1924. {{Sfn|Connell|1994}} Kwalejin ta horar da maza da mata amma ba ta da ilimi tare kamar yadda aka koyar da maza da Mata daban. Daga cikin kwalejojin horar da malamai 170 yana ɗaya daga cikin biyar kawai da aka gauraya.{{Sfn|Connell|1994}} Daga 1918 zuwa 1933, shugaban kwalejin shine masanin lissafi John Robinson Airey . <ref name="RAS, St Andrews, Obit">{{Cite journal |year=1938 |title=Obituary: John Robinson Airey |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Obits2/Airey_RAS_Obituary.html |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=98 |pages=243–244 |doi=10.1093/mnras/98.4.243 |id=1938MNRAS..98R.243. |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kwalejin Birnin Leeds ta canza sunanta zuwa Kwalejin Ilimi ta Birnin Leeds a shekarar 1964. Ta hade da kwalejin ilimin motsa jiki a shekarar 1968 don kafa Birnin Leeds da Kwalejin Carnegie sannan a shekarar 1976 ta hade zuwa Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Leeds wadda a shekarar 1992 ta zama Jami'ar Leeds Metropolitan. An sake wa Jami'ar Leeds Metropolitan suna zuwa Jami'ar Leeds Beckett a watan Satumba na 2014. Shugaban Jami'ar, Sir Bob Murray, ya ce "Za mu yi alfahari da daukar sabon suna ga Jami'armu wacce ke da alaƙa da wurin da kuma wurin haihuwar manyan kwalejojinmu guda biyu da suka kafa..{{Sfn|Connell|1994}} An sake amfani da ɗakin kwalejin a matsayin asibitin soja a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] kuma an fitar da ɗaliban daga birnin zuwa Scarborough, sun koma Beckett Park a ƙarshen 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Armistice centenary commemoration |url=https://leedsbeckett.ac.uk/alumni/news/news-articles/armistice-centenary-commemoration/ |access-date=28 July 2019 |publisher=Leeds Beckett University |archive-date=28 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728141759/https://leedsbeckett.ac.uk/alumni/news/news-articles/armistice-centenary-commemoration/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Canjin sunaye === Kwalejin City of Leeds ta canza sunanta zuwa Kwalejin Ilimi ta City of Leed a shekarar 1964.{{Sfn|Connell|1994}} Ya haɗu da kwalejin ilimin jiki a 1968 don kafa City of Leeds da Kwalejin Carnegie kuma a 1976 ya haɗu da Leeds Polytechnic wanda a 1992 ya zama Jami'ar Leeds Metropolitan . {{Sfn|Thornton|2013}} An sake sunan Jami'ar Leeds Metropolitan a watan Satumbar 2014. Shugabanta, Sir Bob Murray, ya ce "Za mu yi alfahari da karɓar sabon suna ga Jami'armu wanda ke da alaƙa da wurin da aka haife shi na manyan kwalejojinmu guda biyu".<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2013 |title=Beckett given go ahead |url=http://www.leedsmet.ac.uk/news/beckett-given-go-ahead22112013.htm?type=external |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222933/http://www.leedsmet.ac.uk/news/beckett-given-go-ahead22112013.htm?type=external |archive-date=2 December 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |website=News |publisher=Leeds Metropolitan University}}</ref> == Gine-gine == [[Fayil:Cavendish_Building_-_Beckett's_Park_-_Leeds_Metropolitan_University_-_geograph.org.uk_-_541499.jpg|right|thumb|Cavendish Hall a Beckett Park]] G. W. Atkinson ne ya tsara ginin farko na kwalejin mai hawa uku na zama da ginin koyarwa da gudanarwa wanda aka gina a kusa da wani lambu mai kore da aka sani da Acre kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1912 a cikin salon Wrenaissance da tubali ja tare da kayan ado na dutse mai launin ashlar. Duk waɗannan gine-gine yanzu an jera su a matsayin Grade II.. === Gidan Gida === An gina Kirkstall Grange na Grade II * a matsayin gidan ƙasa ga Walter Wade a cikin 1752 ta hanyar James Paine. An canza gidan a kusa da 1834 lokacin da iyalin Beckett suka saye shi kuma a 1858. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] teufoummj0m6jr06laqe1mfxmdz9b3d 0 155421 887979 849294 2026-07-27T06:35:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A cikin ci gaban magani da ci gaban na'urar kiwon lafiya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Doerr, Beatrix |last2=Whitman, Sophia |last3=Walker, Steven |title=Writing for medical devices compared to pharmaceuticals: An introduction |url=https://journal.emwa.org/medical-devices/writing-for-medical-devices-compared-to-pharmaceuticals-an-introduction/article/3066/emwa-26-2-doerr.pdf |access-date=30 March 2021 |publisher=EMWA |pages=6 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923092502/https://journal.emwa.org/medical-devices/writing-for-medical-devices-compared-to-pharmaceuticals-an-introduction/article/3066/emwa-26-2-doerr.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Brochure na mai bincike ('''IB''') cikakkiyar takarda ce da ke taƙaita bayanan game da samfurin bincike ("IP" ko "magungunan binciken") da aka samu yayin gwajin magani. IB takarda ne mai mahimmanci a duk lokacin ci gaban magani kuma ana sabunta shi tare da sabon bayani yayin da yake samuwa. Manufar IB ita ce tattara bayanan da suka dace da nazarin IP a cikin batutuwan ɗan adam da aka tattara a lokacin preclinical da sauran gwaje-gwaje na asibiti. An yi niyyar IB don samar da mai bincike da fahimta da ake buƙata don gudanar da ayyukan binciken da batutuwa na karatu a duk lokacin gwajin asibiti. IB na iya gabatar da mahimman fannoni da matakan tsaro na Yarjejeniyar gwajin asibiti, kamar: * Dose (na maganin binciken) * Yawan lokacin sashi * Hanyoyin gudanarwa * Hanyoyin sa ido kan tsaro == Manazarta == 9nck4ez3eipbf8rppgr99wb1mu15q34 0 156238 887920 878601 2026-07-26T23:04:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lafiyar mata ta haihuwa a Amurka''' tana nufin tarin matsalolin jiki, tunani, da zamantakewa da suka shafi lafiyar mata a Amurka . Ya haɗa da haƙƙin mata a Amurka na isasshen lafiyar jima'i, hanyoyin hana ɗaukar ciki, da kuma maganin cututtukan da ake yaɗawa ta hanyar jima'i. Yaɗuwar matsalolin lafiyar mata a al'adun Amurka ya samo asali ne daga ra'ayin mata na biyu a Amurka. <ref name="Overview of Women's Health since 1960s">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rosser SV |date=December 2002 |title=Overview of Women's Health in the U.S. Since the Mid-1960s |journal=History and Technology |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=355–369 |doi=10.1080/0734151022000023802 |s2cid=144004991}}</ref> Sakamakon wannan motsi, matan Amurka sun fara yin tambayoyi game da tsarin kula da lafiya wanda maza suka fi rinjaye kuma sun nemi haƙƙin samun bayanai kan batutuwan da suka shafi ilimin halittarsu da tsarin jikinsu. [ <ref name="Overview of Women's Health since 1960s" /> Gwamnatin Amurka ta yi manyan ci gaba don gabatar da mafita, kamar ƙirƙirar Shirin Lafiyar Mata ta Ofishin Bincike kan Lafiyar Mata a 1991. <ref name="Overview of Women's Health since 1960s" /> Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai batutuwa da yawa da suka shafi samun damar kula da lafiyar haihuwa da kuma ƙyama da cece-kuce da ke tattare da lafiyar jima'i, hana ɗaukar ciki, da cututtukan da ake yaɗawa ta hanyar jima'i. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Borrero S, Schwarz EB, Creinin M, Ibrahim S |date=2008-12-15 |title=The impact of race and ethnicity on receipt of family planning services in the United States |journal=Journal of Women's Health |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=91–96 |doi=10.1089/jwh.2008.0976 |pmc=2743980 |pmid=19072728}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Wellons MF, Fujimoto VY, Baker VL, Barrington DS, Broomfield D, Catherino WH, Richard-Davis G, Ryan M, Thornton K, Armstrong AY |date=August 2012 |title=Race matters: a systematic review of racial/ethnic disparity in Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology reported outcomes |journal=Fertility and Sterility |volume=98 |issue=2 |pages=406–409 |doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.05.012 |pmc=3409320 |pmid=22698638}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta ƙirƙiro wata ma'ana ga lafiyar jima'i a Amurka bisa ga ma'anar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] game da lafiyar jima'i. Lafiyar jima'i yanayi ne na jin daɗi dangane da jima'i a tsawon rayuwa wanda ya shafi fannoni na jiki, motsin rai, tunani, zamantakewa da ruhaniya. Lafiyar jima'i wani muhimmin bangare ne na lafiyar ɗan adam kuma ya dogara ne akan kyakkyawar hanyar da ta dace, adalci, da girmamawa ga jima'i, dangantaka, da haihuwa, wacce ba ta da tilastawa, tsoro, wariya, kyama, kunya, da tashin hankali. Gwamnatin Amurka ta fahimci cewa jinsi wani abu ne da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a lafiyar jima'i. Mata a Amurka, waɗanda suka fuskanci wani ɓangare na tasirin mata a matsayin waɗanda suka fi rinjaye a tsarin kiwon lafiya na maza, suna kuma neman ƙarin bayani da 'yancin kai a kan jikinsu. Shirye-shirye kamar Shirin Lafiyar Mata sun inganta wayar da kan jama'a da bincike, duk da haka, har yanzu akwai manyan shingaye. Waɗannan shingaye sun haɗa da ƙarancin damar samun ayyukan haihuwa, ƙyama da ke tattare da lafiyar jima'i, hana haihuwa, da kuma cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i. == Lafiyar jinsi da haihuwa == A Amurka, akwai rashin daidaito a fannin lafiyar haihuwa tsakanin mata fararen fata da tsiraru. Cin zarafi da gwaje-gwajen da kwararrun likitoci suka yi wa mata baƙaƙe sun haifar da rashin yarda da al'ummar likitoci. Bugu da ƙari, nuna wariya a tsakanin launin fata da ma'aikatan lafiya ke nunawa a yanzu yana shafar kula da lafiyar mata Baƙaƙe da tsiraru. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Black Mothers Keep Dying After Giving Birth. Shalon Irving's Story Explains Why |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/12/07/568948782/black-mothers-keep-dying-after-giving-birth-shalon-irvings-story-explains-why |access-date=2021-04-29 |website=NPR.org |language=en}}</ref> Idan aka kwatanta da mata fararen fata, yawan kamuwa da cutar HIV yana da yawa sosai a cikin mata Baƙaƙe da Hispanic. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna ɗauke da kashi 75% na kamuwa da cuta a tsakanin mata. <ref name=":1" /> Akwai kuma gibi a amfani da maganin hana haihuwa tsakanin mata fararen fata da baƙi. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen wani ɓangare ne na rashin inshorar lafiya da kuɗaɗen kuɗi. <ref name=":1" /> Kula da lafiyar mata gabaɗaya na iya taimakawa rage yawan kamuwa da cutar HIV a cikin mata tsiraru da kuma ƙara yawan amfani da maganin hana haihuwa. [ <ref name=":1" /> Rashin lafiyar haihuwa wani abu ne da ke taimakawa wajen ƙaruwar mace-macen mata masu juna biyu a Amurka tsakanin mata tsiraru, musamman tsakanin mata Baƙaƙe . Mata baƙaƙe suna da yuwuwar mutuwa sau 3.3 fiye da mata fararen fata daga dalilai masu alaƙa da juna biyu. <ref name=":1" /> Wannan wani ɓangare ne saboda rashin inshora kafin daukar ciki da kuma ƙaruwar cututtuka masu tsanani, kamar kiba da ciwon suga. <ref name=":5" /> Bugu da ƙari, akwai rashin daidaito a amfani da nasarar ART tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƙabila da tattalin arziki saboda tsadar da ake kashewa, ƙarancin damar shiga, da kuma amfani da su iri-iri. Wani bita da aka yi kan dukkan nazarin Amurka wanda ya yi la'akari da launin fata da ƙabila yayin bayar da rahoton nasarar ART, ya gano cewa mata fararen fata suna da mafi girman adadin nasara, sai kuma matan Hispanic da Asiya, da kuma matan Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka. <ref name=":4" /> Matan Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka ba sa samun irin wannan magani kamar mata fararen fata saboda shekarun da aka gano su a ciki, kuɗin shiga na gida, da kuma takamaiman wurin kula da lafiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parham |first=Groesbeck P. |last2=Hicks |first2=Michael L. |date=September 2005 |title=Racial Disparities Affecting the Reproductive Health of African-American Women |journal=Medical Clinics of North America |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=935–943 |doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2005.04.001 |issn=0025-7125 |pmid=16129105}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka ta gano manufofin lafiyar haihuwa na ƙasa, ciki har da rage yawan daukar ciki ba tare da an yi niyya ba. <ref name="Inapprop Use of CHC">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Yu J, Hu XH |date=July 2013 |title=Inappropriate use of combined hormonal contraceptives for birth control among women of reproductive age in the United States |journal=Journal of Women's Health |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=595–603 |doi=10.1089/jwh.2012.3955 |pmid=23789583}}</ref> Daga cikin dukkan daukar ciki da aka ruwaito a Amurka, rabi ba su da tsari. Daga cikin mata miliyan 62 a Amurka da ke da damar haihuwa, bakwai cikin goma daga cikin waɗannan mata suna da sha'awar jima'i amma ba sa son yin ciki. <ref name="Inapprop Use of CHC" /> [[Kulawar haihuwa|Maganin hana daukar ciki]] babban batu ne na lafiyar mata. Kashi 86% na mata masu sha'awar jima'i suna yin wani nau'in hana daukar ciki kuma kashi 30% na wadannan mata suna amfani da wani nau'in hana daukar ciki na hormone. <ref name="Inapprop Use of CHC" /> Mata a Amurka suna da 'yanci wajen yanke shawara kan amfani da magungunan hana daukar ciki a tsakanin sauran kasashen duniya, idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashen duniya. Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) tana da babban tasiri kan tsarin yanke shawara da mata za su yi yayin zabar nau'ikan hana daukar ciki daban-daban. Matan Amurka har yanzu suna dogara ga masu ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya don mafi yawan bayanan da suke samu game da amfani da hana daukar ciki. Domin taimakawa masu samar da kiwon lafiya su samar da kulawar tsarin iyali mai <ref name="Inapprop Use of CHC"/> CDC ta buga Ka'idojin Cancanta na [[Kulawar haihuwa|Lafiya]] na Amurka don Amfani da Hana ... === Hanyoyin hana haihuwa masu juyawa === * Na'urar T ta cikin mahaifa ta Copper (IUD) ko kuma tsarin ciki na levonorgestrel (LNG IUD) <ref name="CDC Contraception">{{Cite web |last=Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion |title=Contraception |url=https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/UnintendedPregnancy/Contraception.htm |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=www.cdc.gov}}</ref> * Hanyoyin Hormonal ** Dashen ** Allura ** Haɗaɗɗen maganin hana haihuwa ta baki ** Kwayar Progestin kawai ** Faci ** Zoben hana ɗaukar ciki na farji na hormone ** Tsarin hana haihuwa na gaggawa * Hanyoyin shinge ** Diaphragm ko murfin mahaifa ** Kwaroron roba na maza ** Kwaroron roba na mata ** Maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta * Hanyoyin wayar da kan jama'a game da haihuwa ** Tsarin iyali ** Sanin haihuwa ** Kauracewa <ref name="CDC Contraception" /> === Hanyoyin hana haihuwa na dindindin === * Yin amfani da maganin hana haihuwa ga mata <ref name="CDC Contraception"/> * Yin tiyatar cire mahaifa <ref name="CDC Contraception" /> === Maganin hana haihuwa na hormone === Tsarin hana daukar ciki na hormone shine hanyar da ta fi shahara a tsakanin mata a Amurka. Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara talatin sun fi amfani da tsarin hana daukar ciki na hormone a matsayin hanyar da suka fi so. Tsarin hana daukar ciki na hormones na iya zama kusan 100% idan aka yi amfani da shi daidai, <ref name="Urban Family Medicine IUC">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rubin SE, Winrob I |date=April 2010 |title=Urban female family medicine patients' perceptions about intrauterine contraception |journal=Journal of Women's Health |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=735–740 |doi=10.1089/jwh.2009.1549 |pmid=20201700}}</ref> amma a mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da shi ba daidai ba. Tsarin hana daukar ciki na hormonal yana da kashi 8% na gazawarsa. <ref name="Urban Family Medicine IUC" /> Shahararren tsarin hana daukar ciki na hormonal a tsakanin mata yana canzawa a cikin shekara guda inda kashi 32% na mata suka yanke shawarar daina amfani da tsarin hana daukar ciki na hormonal bayan shekara guda da aka saba amfani da shi. <ref name="Urban Family Medicine IUC" /> === Tsarin hana haihuwa ta cikin mahaifa === Akwai babban abin kunya a tsakanin mata kan batun amfani da na'urar hana ɗaukar ciki (IUD) a matsayin hanyar hana ɗaukar ciki. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Nau'ikan IUD guda biyu da ake da su don amfani da maganin hana haihuwa a yanzu sune Copper T 380A da levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system ko Mirena. Mata a Amurka ba sa amfani da IUD sosai, inda kashi 2% ne kawai na mata ke amfani da IUD a matsayin maganin hana haihuwa mai inganci. <ref name="Urban Family Medicine IUC"/> An bayyana ingancin maganin hana haihuwa ta hanyar amfani da shi yadda ya kamata da kuma amfani da shi na yau da kullun. IUD ya bambanta da yawancin nau'ikan maganin hana haihuwa, domin yana da tasiri 100% a duka lokuta biyu na amfani. <ref name="Urban Family Medicine IUC" /> Ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da IUD ba daidai ba ko ba daidai ba saboda dole ne a saka su a cikin mahaifa. Mata a Amurka suna da tsoro da yawa game da amfani da IUD, wanda hakan ya sa ba a san su da tsarin hana haihuwa ba. <ref name="Urban Family Medicine IUC" /> Ga mata da yawa a Amurka, IUD zaɓi ne kawai lokacin da aka yi amfani da wasu hanyoyin hana haihuwa na gargajiya (maganin hana haihuwa na hormones, hanyoyin shinge, da sauransu) ko kuma lokacin da mace ta riga ta haifi 'ya'ya. <ref name="Urban Family Medicine IUC" /> Tsoron da ke tattare da amfani da IUD ya samo asali ne daga rashin ingantaccen ilimi kan duk hanyoyin hana daukar ciki da ake da su ga mata a Amurka. Mata sun ambaci tsoron ingancin na'urar, suna sanya na'urar a cikin jikinsu da son rai, da kuma lokacin da ake buƙata don riƙe na'urar a wurin. <ref name="Urban Family Medicine IUC" /> Akwai ƙarancin ilimi game da yanayin jikin mace da rigakafin daukar ciki, har ma a tsakanin matan Amurka. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Shedlin M, Amastae J, Potter JE, Hopkins K, Grossman D |date=April 2013 |title=Knowledge and beliefs about reproductive anatomy and physiology among Mexican-Origin women in the USA: implications for effective oral contraceptive use |journal=Culture, Health & Sexuality |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=466–479 |doi=10.1080/13691058.2013.766930 |pmc=3690341 |pmid=23464742}}</ref> === Samfurin wayar da kan jama'a game da haihuwa === Hanyoyin wayar da kan mata game da haihuwa sun ƙunshi hanyoyin hana haihuwa waɗanda ba na hormones ba ne ko kuma waɗanda suka mamaye su. [ <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Festin MP |date=July 2020 |title=Overview of modern contraception |journal=Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology |volume=66 |pages=4–14 |doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.03.004 |pmid=32291177 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=":12" /> ɗaukar siffar yin jima'i ne kawai lokacin da mace ba ta da haihuwa, don haka guje wa yin jima'i yayin ovulation. <ref name=":12" /> Mata za su iya sa ido kan yanayin zagayowar jinin al'ada ta amfani da hanyoyin kalanda ko hanyoyin da suka dogara da alamun cutar. [1] Hanya mafi inganci ta kalanda ita ce Hanyar Kwanaki ta yau da kullun, hanyar da mace ba ta yin jima'i a ranakun 8-19 na zagayowarta. <ref name=":12" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the Standard Days Method? {{!}} Ovulation Calculator |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/fertility-awareness/whats-standard-days-method |access-date=2021-04-07 |website=www.plannedparenthood.org |language=en}}</ref> Hanya ɗaya ta dogara da alamun cutar ita ce Hanyar Kwanaki Biyu, hanyar da mace ke duba fitar maniyyi sau biyu a rana kuma idan ta yi fitar maniyyi a ranar ko ranar da ta gabata, za ta iya ɗaukar ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TwoDay Method® |url=https://irh.org/projects/fam_project/twoday-method/ |access-date=2021-04-07 |website=Institute for Reproductive Health |language=en |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414101037/https://irh.org/projects/fam_project/twoday-method/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hanya ta biyu ta dogara da alamun cutar ita ce hanyar Sympto-thermal, wadda ke haɗa lurar mace game da fitar maniyyi a farjinta da amfani da na'urar sa ido kan haihuwa ta lantarki wadda ke gano hormones na fitsari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fertility Awareness-Based Methods of Family Planning |url=https://www.acog.org/en/womens-health/faqs/fertility-awareness-based-methods-of-family-planning |access-date=2021-04-07 |website=www.acog.org |language=en}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin amfani da hanyar wayar da kan mata game da haihuwa ita ce babu wata illa ko matsalolin lafiya saboda ba a amfani da magunguna ko dashen jiki. <ref name=":12" /> == Lafiyar kwakwalwa ta haihuwa == Lafiyar kwakwalwa ta mata ta mayar da hankali kan batutuwan lafiyar kwakwalwa da ake fuskanta saboda ko kuma ta ƙara ta'azzara ta hanyar sauye-sauye a cikin zagayowar haihuwa ta mata. Wannan fanni wani ɓangare ne na lafiyar kwakwalwa ta mata, wanda ya haɗa da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da mata ke fuskanta a kowane lokaci a rayuwarsu. Lafiyar kwakwalwa ta haihuwa ta fi mayar da hankali kan sauye-sauyen haihuwa a rayuwar mata. Waɗannan sun haɗa da balaga, haila, ciki, rashin haihuwa, lokacin haihuwa da kuma lokacin da mace ta haihu, zubar da ciki, da ƙari. <ref name=":6" /> Waɗannan sauye-sauyen, waɗanda canje-canjen hormonal suka haifar, na iya haifar da alamun motsin rai da na jiki a wasu mata. Yayin da tsananin ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum, an ruwaito cewa sama da kashi 75% na mata masu zagayowar haila akai-akai suna ba da rahoton alamun jiki ko na tunani marasa daɗi, kafin haila. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reproductive Psychiatry - Psychiatry |url=https://www.nyp.org/psychiatry/womens-mental-health/reproductive-psychiatry |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=NewYork-Presbyterian |language=en}}</ref> Ilimin halin ƙwaƙwalwa na haihuwa shine ɓangaren da ke mai da hankali kan magance waɗannan matsalolin. Waɗannan likitocin ƙwararru ne da aka horar a cikin ganewar asali da magance alamun yanayi da damuwa da ke faruwa a cikin waɗannan zagayowar a cikin haihuwar mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Johns Hopkins Center for Women's Reproductive Mental Health |url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/specialty_areas/moods/patient_information/clinic_women.html |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.hopkinsmedicine.org |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901143619/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/psychiatry/specialty_areas/moods/patient_information/clinic_women.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan fanni yana ƙaruwa yayin da gibin da ke akwai a lafiyar kwakwalwa wanda aka mayar da hankali musamman kan mata kuma ana ganin yadda nazarin waɗannan batutuwan zai iya zama mai tasiri. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Lafiyar jima'i da hana haihuwa === Lafiyar jima'i ta haɗa da ci gaban jima'i da lafiyar haihuwa, ikon samun kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin mutane, girmama jikin mutum, mu'amala mai kyau da jinsi biyu, da kuma bayyana ƙauna, ƙauna, da kusanci ta yadda ya dace da dabi'un mutum. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Straw |first=Fiona |last2=Porter |first2=Charlotte |date=October 2012 |title=Sexual health and contraception |journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education and Practice Edition |volume=97 |issue=5 |pages=177–184 |doi=10.1136/archdischild-2011-301250 |issn=1743-0593 |pmid=22983512 |s2cid=25898993}}</ref> Lafiyar jima'i ta haɗa da jima'i wanda "ya dace, ba cin zarafi ba, gaskiya, jin daɗi, kuma an kare shi daga ciki da cututtukan da ake kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i" a cewar sanarwar da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta fitar a shekarar 2008. <ref name=":8" /> Ga yawancin matasa, sha'awar jima'i tana farawa ne a lokacin balaga kuma akwai shaidar cewa waɗanda suka sami bayanai game da lafiyar jima'i daga iyayensu sun fi son fara jima'i daga baya fiye da waɗanda suka sami shi daga takwarorinsu duk da cewa wasu matasa sun fi son samun bayanai daga ƙwararru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brody |first=Barbara |title=Birth Control that Prevents STIs |url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-to-prevent-stis-and-pregnancy |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=WebMD |language=en}}</ref> Ana amfani da maganin hana daukar ciki don hana daukar ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Birth Control |url=https://medlineplus.gov/birthcontrol.html |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=medlineplus.gov}}</ref> Ita ce hanyar da mutane za su iya tsara iyali ta yadda za su sami adadin 'ya'yansu da suka dace da tazara da ake so. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Contraception |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/contraception |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> A cewar WHO, maganin hana daukar ciki yana taimakawa wajen rage rashin lafiyar uwa da kuma yawan mace-mace da ke da alaƙa da daukar ciki. Hakanan yana rage zubar da ciki mara aminci kuma yana rage yaduwar cutar HIV tsakanin uwa da yara. A cewar CDC, ma'aurata suna buƙatar la'akari da aminci, inganci, samuwa, da kuma karɓuwa lokacin zabar nau'in maganin hana daukar ciki. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-13 |title=Contraception {{!}} Reproductive Health {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> Wasu nau'ikan maganin hana daukar ciki kamar amfani da kwaroron roba na maza suma suna taimakawa wajen rage yaduwar cutar HIV da sauran cututtukan da ke shafar haihuwa yayin da wasu nau'ikan maganin hana daukar ciki kamar na'urorin ciki (IUDs) ba sa yi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brody |first=Barbara |title=Birth Control that Prevents STIs |url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/birth-control-to-prevent-stis-and-pregnancy |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=WebMD |language=en}}</ref> Na'urorin ciki (IUDs) nau'in hana haihuwa ne da za a iya canzawa kuma ya haɗa da sanya ƙaramin na'urar T mai siffar T da aka yi da jan ƙarfe a cikin mahaifa. Yana fitar da ƙaramin adadin progestin kowace rana don kada mace ta yi ciki. Zai iya kasancewa daga shekaru 3-6 kuma yana da ƙarancin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar. <ref name=":9"/> Hanyoyin hana haihuwa na hormones sun haɗa da dashen hannu wanda ke fitar da progestin kuma ana iya amfani da shi na tsawon shekaru biyar, allura sau ɗaya a cikin watanni uku, haɗakar magungunan hana haihuwa ta baki, ƙwayar progestin kawai, faci, da zoben hana haihuwa ta hanyar farji. [ <ref name=":9" /> Hanyoyin hana haihuwa sun haɗa da diaphragm ko murfin mahaifa, soso, robar roba ta maza da mata, da kuma ƙwayoyin maniyyi. Ba za a yi amfani da maganin hana haihuwa na gaggawa akai-akai ba kuma yana hana daukar ciki bayan jima'i. Ya haɗa da maganin hana haihuwa ta jan ƙarfe da magungunan hana haihuwa na gaggawa. A ƙarshe, hanyoyin hana haihuwa na dindindin sune hana haihuwa ta mata da ake kira bututun ɗaurewa da kuma hana haihuwa ta maza da ake kira vasectomy. <ref name=":9" /> === Maganin hana haihuwa === Kwayoyin hana haihuwa (BC) ƙwayoyin hormones ne da ake sha ta baki waɗanda ke hana ƙwai na mace fitowa daga mahaifa yayin da take yin ovulation. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (July 2023)">Ana buƙatar ambaton likita</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Illolin magungunan hana haihuwa sun haɗa da kuraje, zubar jini ko tabo tsakanin al'ada, kumburi, hawan jini, baƙin ciki, gajiya, jiri, riƙe ruwa, ciwon kai, ƙaruwar ci, rashin barci, melasma, canjin yanayi, tashin zuciya, ciwon nono da taushi, amai, da kuma ƙaruwar nauyi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (July 2023)">Ana buƙatar ambaton likita</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Haɗarin lafiya da ke tattare da BC sun haɗa da toshewar jini, cututtukan gallbladder, bugun zuciya, hawan jini, ciwon hanta, da bugun jini duk da cewa waɗannan ba kasafai ake samun su ba a cewar Planned Parenthood. <ref>{{Cite web |title=What Are the Side Effects of Birth Control Pills? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-pill/what-are-the-disadvantages-of-the-pill |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=www.plannedparenthood.org |language=en}}</ref> Kwayoyin da ke ɗauke da Estrogen kuma suna ƙara yiwuwar samun toshewar jijiyoyin jini idan aka kwatanta da ƙwayoyin da ke ɗauke da progestin kawai. Suna ƙara haɗarin daga aukuwar toshewar jijiyoyin jini 2 zuwa 10 a cikin kowace mata 10,000 - shekaru zuwa aukuwar toshewar jijiyoyin jini 7 zuwa 10 a cikin kowace mata 10,000 - shekaru. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Teal |first=Stephanie |last2=Edelman |first2=Alison |date=2021-12-28 |title=Contraception Selection, Effectiveness, and Adverse Effects: A Review |journal=JAMA |volume=326 |issue=24 |pages=2507–2518 |doi=10.1001/jama.2021.21392 |issn=0098-7484 |pmid=34962522 |s2cid=245557522 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Hana haihuwa na iya shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa kuma akwai shaidar da ke nuna alaƙa tsakanin amfani da maganin hana haihuwa da kuma matsalolin yanayi. Wasu bincike sun gano alaƙa tsakanin amfani da maganin BC da kuma gano ɓacin rai a cikin matasa a rayuwa. Ana tsammanin tasirin yanayi ya faru ne saboda amsawar da ke tsakanin estrogen da progestin da sauran magungunan neurotransmitters masu alaƙa da yanayi kamar serotonin da dopamine. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Hall |first=Kelli Stidham |last2=Steinberg |first2=Julia R. |last3=Cwiak |first3=Carrie A. |last4=Allen |first4=Rebecca H. |last5=Marcus |first5=Sheila M. |date=June 2015 |title=Contraception and Mental Health: A Commentary on the Evidence and Principles for Practice |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=212 |issue=6 |pages=740–746 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2014.12.010 |issn=0002-9378 |pmc=4457595 |pmid=25511241}}</ref> Bincike ya gano cewa masu amfani da maganin hana haihuwa na hormone suna da yawan baƙin ciki, damuwa, gajiya, alamun jijiyoyi, rikicewar jima'i, tilas, fushi, da mummunan tasirin haila. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Stephen A. |last2=Dowell |first2=Matt |last3=Pedulla |first3=Dominic |last4=McCauley |first4=Larry |date=2004 |title=Do the emotional side-effects of hormonal contraceptives come from pharmacologic or psychological mechanisms? |journal=Medical Hypotheses |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=268–273 |doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2004.02.013 |issn=0306-9877 |pmid=15236788}}</ref> Ga mata masu fama da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa, yana da kyau a yi magana da likitan tabin hankali kafin shan magungunan BC. <ref name=":6" /> Mata kuma za su iya amfana ta hanyar yin magana da mai ba da shawara. <ref name=":11" /> === Zubar da ciki === Alaƙar da ke tsakanin zubar da ciki da lafiyar kwakwalwa ta zama batun siyasa mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce da kuma rikici a Amurka. Wasu mutane suna da'awar cewa zubar da ciki yana haifar da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa yayin da wasu kuma suka yarda cewa babu wata shaidar kimiyya da za ta goyi bayan wannan da'awar. Kalmar "ciwon zubar da ciki bayan zubar da ciki" an ƙirƙiro ta ne don nuna mummunan tasirin tunani bayan zubar da ciki. Alamomin sun dogara ne akan matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali; duk da haka, wannan ganewar ba ta cikin Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka ba kuma ba ta cikin DSM. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=Post-abortion syndrome: Symptoms, myths, and more |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/post-abortion-syndrome |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en}}</ref> An tura wannan matsalar ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin masu goyon bayan rayuwa da Cibiyoyin Kula da Ciki na Crisis, waɗanda aka tsara don magance mata daga zubar da ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kelly K |date=February 2014 |title=The spread of 'Post Abortion Syndrome' as social diagnosis |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=102 |pages=18–25 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.030 |pmid=24565137}}</ref> An gudanar da bincike da yawa don bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin lafiyar kwakwalwa da zubar da ciki. Yawancin waɗannan nazarin suna da iyaka, kuma ba sa la'akari da tasirin canje-canje masu rikitarwa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da suka riga suka kasance kafin zubar da ciki. Wani bita na tsari ya gano wani yanayi bayyananne da ke haɗa mafi kyawun bincike tare da sakamakon da ya nuna alaƙar tsaka tsaki, kuma binciken da aka fi yi yana gano alaƙa tsakanin zubar da ciki da mummunan tasirin lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Charles VE, Polis CB, Sridhara SK, Blum RW |date=December 2008 |title=Abortion and long-term mental health outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence |journal=Contraception |language=English |volume=78 |issue=6 |pages=436–450 |doi=10.1016/j.contraception.2008.07.005 |pmid=19014789}}</ref> Waɗannan binciken sun zama ruwan dare a cikin binciken da aka yi a baya kuma aka duba abubuwan da aka gano a baya kuma aka yi nazarin hanyoyinsu da sakamakonsu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Binciken Turnaway shi ne bincike na farko da ya yi nazari sosai kan tasirin hana mata zubar da ciki. Mahalarta taron sun haɗa da mata kusan 100 da ke neman zubar da ciki daga wurare 30 a faɗin ƙasar. An gudanar da hirarraki tsawon shekaru 5, kuma an kwatanta matan da aka yi wa zubar da ciki da waɗanda aka kora saboda sun wuce ƙa'idar shekarun ɗaukar ciki a asibitoci. <ref name=":7" /> Wannan binciken bai sami wata alaƙa tsakanin zubar da ciki da mummunan tasirin lafiyar kwakwalwa ba. A zahiri, ya gano cewa kashi 95% na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa shawarar ita ce ta dace a gare su tsawon shekaru 5 bayan tiyatar. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=The Turnaway Study |url=https://www.ansirh.org/research/ongoing/turnaway-study |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=ANSIRH |language=en}}</ref> Wannan binciken ya kuma nuna mummunan tasirin hana zubar da ciki da ake yi a fili ga lafiyar mata da kuma yanayin rayuwarsu. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan mummunan tasirin sun haɗa da kasancewa da yuwuwar zama tare da abokan hulɗa masu cin zarafi, kasancewa da yuwuwar fuskantar damuwa da rashin girman kai, da kuma mummunan tasiri ga yaran da aka haifa ta hanyar ɗaukar ciki da ba a so da kuma yaran da ke cikin iyali, idan akwai. <ref name=":7" /> === Lokacin bayan haihuwa === Lokacin haihuwa yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da shi, inda kashi 85% na mata ke fuskantar matsalar yanayi. <ref name=":0"/> Rukunin cututtuka guda uku na yanzu da suka shafi haihuwa sun haɗa da ciwon mara bayan haihuwa, ciwon damuwa bayan haihuwa da kuma ciwon kwakwalwa bayan haihuwa. <ref name=":0" /> Yawancin mata suna fuskantar abin da aka sanya wa suna blues na bayan haihuwa, wanda galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai sauƙi da gajere fiye da sauran cututtuka da ke da alaƙa da lokacin haihuwa. <ref name=":0"/> A lokacin blues na bayan haihuwa, mutum na iya fuskantar damuwa, rashin jin daɗi da canjin yanayi. <ref name=":13"/> Blues na bayan haihuwa ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin sakamako na yau da kullun kuma na al'ada na haihuwa, musamman a ƙasashen yamma inda akwai rashin tallafin al'umma da na iyali. <ref name=":13" /> Ana tsammanin damuwar haihuwa tare da canje-canje a matakan hormones yana taimakawa ga blues na bayan haihuwa da mutane da yawa ke fuskanta bayan haihuwa. <ref name=":13" /> Ana tsammanin blues na bayan haihuwa sun zama ruwan dare; duk da haka, idan sun wuce fiye da makonni 2, mutane na iya fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu tsanani na bayan haihuwa. <ref name=":13" /> Baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa (PDD) wata cuta ce ta tabin hankali da ake gani a lokacin haihuwa. PDD na iya faruwa a kowane lokaci bayan haihuwa amma galibi yana farawa watanni 2-3 bayan haihuwa. PDD kusan ba a iya bambance ta da baƙin ciki na yau da kullun; duk da haka, a cikin PDD, tunani da ji marasa kyau galibi suna kan jariri. <ref name=":13"/> Alamomin PDD sun haɗa da jin laifi da rashin iyawa, ƙarancin yanayi, gajiya, rashin maida hankali, damuwa da tunanin kashe kansa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=MGH Center for Women's Mental Health |date=22 February 2008 |title=Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders |url=https://womensmentalhealth.org/specialty-clinics/postpartum-psychiatric-disorders/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=MGH Center for Women's Mental Health |language=en-US}}</ref> Canjin hormones, rashin gamsuwar aure, da rashin tallafin zamantakewa duk abubuwan ne da ke ba da gudummawa ga abubuwan da suka faru na PPD. <ref name=":0" /> Waɗanda ke da tarihin matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa, kamar babban rashin kwanciyar hankali da rashin lafiya na bipolar, su ne suka fi fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da PDD bayan haihuwa. <ref name=":0" /> Ciwon kwakwalwa bayan haihuwa (PP) shine cuta mafi wuya kuma mai tsanani da za a iya samu a lokacin haihuwa. <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rai S, Pathak A, Sharma I |date=July 2015 |title=Postpartum psychiatric disorders: Early diagnosis and management |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=57 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S216–S221 |doi=10.4103/0019-5545.161481 |pmc=4539865 |pmid=26330638 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ciwon PP yana faruwa ba zato ba tsammani kuma yawanci ana lura da shi a cikin aƙalla makonni biyu na farko bayan haihuwa, kuma alamun na iya farawa da wuri kamar awanni 24-48 bayan haihuwa. <ref name=":0"/> Sauye-sauyen yanayi mai tsanani, kamar yadda ake gani a cikin matsalar bipolar, yawanci ana lura da su, da kuma halaye marasa kyau, ruɗani da imani na ruɗani game da jariri. Hakanan ana iya samun mafarkin ji wanda aka umurci uwa ta cutar da kanta ko ɗanta. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":13" /> Waɗanda ke da PP suna cikin haɗarin kashe kansu da kuma yiwuwar kashe jarirai kuma dole ne a yi musu magani a asibiti. Akwai albarkatu da ake da su ga waɗanda suka tsira daga PP da kuma waɗanda ke fama da PP. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MGH Postpartum Psychosis Project (MGHP3) |url=https://www.mghp3.org/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Massachusetts Genera |language=en}}</ref> Sauran cututtukan bayan haihuwa sun haɗa da OCD bayan haihuwa, takamaiman matsalolin damuwa, da PTSD bayan haihuwa. Ana siffanta OCD bayan haihuwa da tunani mai zurfi da tilastawa game da lafiyar jariri da kuma [[Tunanin da ba a yarda da shi ba|tunanin da ke tsoma baki]] game da cutar da yaron. <ref name=":13"/> Ana kuma tsammanin cewa kashi 5.6% na mata suna nuna alamun PTSD bayan haihuwa, wanda za a iya siffanta shi da tunawa da haihuwa, mafarkai masu ban tsoro da tashin hankali kuma yana iya faruwa lokacin da aka sake ɗaukar ciki. <ref name=":13" /> Ciwon daji na haihuwa wani lamari ne mai yuwuwa da ke da alaƙa da lokacin bayan haihuwa, inda uwaye ke cikin damuwa sosai kuma suna damuwa game da lafiya da amincin ɗansu. <ref name=":13" /> === Lokacin haila da kuma lokacin menopause === Perimenopause shine lokacin da jinin haila na wata-wata na mace ya fara raguwa a ƙarshen shekarunta na 40 da farkon shekarunta na 50. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mental Health Concerns During the Perimenopause {{!}} UPMC in Central Pa. |url=https://www.upmc.com/services/south-central-pa/women/services/behavioral-health/conditions/perimenopause |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=UPMC {{!}} Life Changing Medicine |language=en}}</ref> Perimenopause yana ƙara haɗarin alamun da ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa kuma yana iya ƙara ta'azzara cututtukan kwakwalwa da aka gano a baya. Babban shaida shine sake dawowa da wanzuwar baƙin ciki. Bincike ya kuma gano cewa mata masu fama da matsalar bipolar sun fi fuskantar yanayin damuwa a lokacin perimenopause. Perimenopause kuma yana faruwa ne lokacin da mata ke fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da cutar schizophrenia. Wasu mata kuma suna nuna ƙaruwar alamun damuwa. <ref name=":6" /> Menopause shine lokacin da jinin mace ya tsaya kuma ba zai iya ɗaukar ciki ba ta hanyar halitta. Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da ƙwai na mace suka tsufa kuma ba su iya samar da hormones da ake buƙata don haihuwa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Menopause |url=https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/explore-mental-health/a-z-topics/menopause |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=www.mentalhealth.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin menopause, yawan baƙin ciki yana ninkawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-01 |title=Menopause and mental health |url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/womens-health/menopause-and-mental-health |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=Harvard Health |language=en}}</ref> Akwai wasu shaidu da ke nuna cewa mata suna da yuwuwar samun hare-haren tsoro a lokacin menopause. Duk da haka, akwai wasu matsaloli wajen bambance hare-haren tsoro da walƙiya mai zafi waɗanda sune alamun gama gari na menopause. Mata da yawa kuma suna fuskantar matsalolin barci. <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Menopause and your mental wellbeing |url=https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/womens-health/later-years-around-50-years-and-over/menopause-and-post-menopause-health/menopause-and-your-mental-wellbeing |access-date=2022-08-11 |website=www.nhsinform.scot |language=en}}</ref> Zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun haɗa da magungunan rage radadi idan an gano suna da baƙin ciki. Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan da ke taimakawa sune cin abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki da kuma yin yoga. <ref name=":14" /> === Rashin daidaito a fannin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa === Ba wai kawai akwai bambancin jinsi ba idan ana maganar matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa - mata sun ninka yiwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan kwakwalwa fiye da maza, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Weissman MM, Olfson M |date=August 1995 |title=Depression in women: implications for health care research |journal=Science |volume=269 |issue=5225 |pages=799–801 |bibcode=1995Sci...269..799W |doi=10.1126/science.7638596 |pmid=7638596 |s2cid=21510901}}</ref> amma akwai kuma rashin daidaito tsakanin mata fararen fata da mata fararen fata idan ana maganar samun kulawar lafiyar kwakwalwa. A shekarar 2017, mata masu launin fata sun ba da rahoton jin rashin amfani, rashin bege da baƙin ciki kusan sau biyu fiye da mata fararen fata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mental and Behavioral Health - African Americans - The Office of Minority Health |url=https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/mental-and-behavioral-health-blackafrican-americans |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov}}</ref> Akwai yiwuwar a gano mutanen da ba su da launin fata da kuma mata masu launin fata ba daidai ba musamman kuma a rubuta musu magungunan rage radadi a mafi yawan lokuta, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Aggarwal NK, Rosenheck RA, Woods SW, Sernyak MJ |date=April 2012 |title=Race and long-acting antipsychotic prescription at a community mental health center: a retrospective chart review |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |volume=73 |issue=4 |pages=513–517 |doi=10.4088/JCP.11m07161 |pmc=3885178 |pmid=22579151}}</ref> saboda wariyar launin fata da kuma nuna wariya a tsarin kiwon lafiya na Amurka <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bridges KM |date=2017 |title=Implicit Bias and Racial Disparities in Health Care |url=https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/the-state-of-healthcare-in-the-united-states/racial-disparities-in-health-care/ |journal=Human Rights |publisher=American Bar |volume=43 |page=73 |access-date=2022-08-10}}</ref> Wariyar launin fata mata masu launin fata ita ma ta ƙara wa wannan rashin daidaiton, tare da ra'ayin "mata baƙar fata masu ƙarfi <nowiki>"</nowiki> wanda ke haifar da shinge ga mutane da yawa waɗanda za su amfana daga magungunan lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-13 |title=For Women of Color, Getting Proper Mental Health Treatment Is a Challenge |url=https://www.shondaland.com/live/body/a36410342/for-women-of-color-getting-proper-mental-health-treatment-is-a-challenge/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Shondaland |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003134409/https://www.shondaland.com/live/body/a36410342/for-women-of-color-getting-proper-mental-health-treatment-is-a-challenge/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 'Yan Asiya Amurka suma suna fuskantar shinge, kuma an nuna cewa ba su da sau uku da za su nemi maganin lafiyar kwakwalwa fiye da takwarorinsu fararen fata a Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian American / Pacific Islander Communities and Mental Health |url=https://www.mhanational.org/issues/asian-american-pacific-islander-communities-and-mental-health |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Mental Health America |language=en}}</ref> Wani abin da ke ƙara rashin daidaito a kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa shine rashin masu samar da POC. Bayanan APA da aka buga a 2020 sun nuna cewa ƙasa da kashi 5% na masu samar da lafiyar kwakwalwa baƙar fata ne, 4% 'yan Asiya Amurka ne kuma 4% 'yan Hispanic ne kuma kashi 2% ne kawai na masu tabin hankali baƙar fata ne. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=American Psychological Association |date=2020 |title=Psychology's workforce is becoming more diverse. |url=https://www.apa.org/monitor/2020/11/datapoint-diverse |journal=APA Monitor on Psychology |volume=51 |pages=11–19 |access-date=2022-08-10}}</ref> Bayanan launin fata na masu samar da magunguna bai yi daidai da bambancin launin fata na Amurka ba wanda ke ƙara wa rashin daidaito da son zuciya na mutanen da ba su da launin fata musamman mata masu launin fata za su iya fuskanta lokacin ƙoƙarin neman taimakon lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref name=":22" /> == Matsalolin haihuwa == === Matsalolin da ke tattare da ciki ga mata masu PCOS === Ɗaya daga cikin mata goma da suka kai shekarun haihuwa a Amurka tana fama da cutar Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2016-11-29 |title=Polycystic ovary syndrome |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/polycystic-ovary-syndrome |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=womenshealth.gov |language=en}}</ref> Matan da ke da wannan yanayin suna cikin haɗarin fuskantar matsaloli yayin daukar ciki. <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Palomba S, de Wilde MA, Falbo A, Koster MP, La Sala GB, Fauser BC |date=2015-09-01 |title=Pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome |journal=Human Reproduction Update |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=575–592 |doi=10.1093/humupd/dmv029 |pmid=26117684 |doi-access=free}}</ref> PCOS cuta ce ta lafiya wacce ta ƙunshi hyperandrogegism, gazawar ovarian da kuma polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM). <ref name=":02" /> Rashin daidaiton hormonal da PCOS ke haifarwa na iya sa ƙwai ya girma yadda ya kamata ko kuma ya sake shi kamar yadda zai faru a lokacin ovulation a cikin kyakkyawan zagayowar al'ada. <ref name=":72" /> A baya, binciken PCOS ya mayar da hankali kan ganewar asali, alamu, da tasirin kamar rashin haihuwa . <ref name=":02" /> Ba a yi bincike sosai game da rikitarwa ba fiye da yadda mace mai PCOS za ta iya haifarwa idan ta yi ciki. <ref name=":02" /> Wannan yanayi ne mai matukar muhimmanci da za a magance domin yana iya yin babban tasiri ga rayuwar waɗanda aka gano suna da PCOS. <ref name=":02" /> A halin yanzu, a Amurka yana iya kashe kusan dala miliyan huɗu na tsarin kiwon lafiya don kula da mata masu PCOS, saboda wasu cututtuka da PCOS zai iya haifarwa, ciki har da: [[Cutar zuciya|cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini]] ; [[Hawan jini|hawan]] jini da ke haifar da ciki da kuma pre-eclampsia ; [[Barin ciki|zubar da ciki]] ; rashin haihuwa; da kuma [[Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2|ciwon suga na nau'in 2.]] <ref name=":02" /> ] An kuma gudanar da wasu bincike game da sakamakon lafiyar 'ya'yan da aka haifa ga uwaye masu fama da PCOS. Sakamakon ya tabbatar da cewa ya haɗa da juna, amma ana tsammanin suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da [[Cutar zuciya|matsalar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini]] da kuma matsalar endocrine . <ref name=":02" /> === Fasahar haihuwa mai taimako === Rashin haihuwa matsala ce da ke ƙara zama ruwan dare a tsakanin mata masu shekaru na haihuwa. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Szamatowicz M |date=2016 |title=Assisted reproductive technology in reproductive medicine - possibilities and limitations |journal=Ginekologia Polska |volume=87 |issue=12 |pages=820–823 |doi=10.5603/GP.2016.0095 |pmid=28098933 |doi-access=free}}</ref> CDC ta kiyasta cewa kashi 6% na mata masu shekaru 15 zuwa 44 a Amurka ba za su iya ɗaukar ciki ba bayan shekara guda da suka yi gwaji. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=Infertility {{!}} Reproductive Health {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/infertility/index.htm |access-date=2021-04-07 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> Tare da magani da tiyata, wata hanyar da ake bi wajen magance rashin haihuwa ita ce fasahar haihuwa mai taimako (ART). ART ta bayyana kowace hanya da ake amfani da ƙwai da amfrayo a wajen jikin mace, wanda hadi a cikin fitsari (IVF) shine nau'in da ya fi yawa. <ref name=":3" /> A shekarar 2015, kashi 1.7% na dukkan haihuwa da rai a Amurka sakamakon ART ne. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hilbert SM, Gunderson S |date=May 2019 |title=Complications of Assisted Reproductive Technology |journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=239–249 |doi=10.1016/j.emc.2019.01.005 |pmid=30940369 |s2cid=92997874}}</ref> Duk da cewa wannan hanyar ɗaukar ciki tana ƙara zama ruwan dare, har yanzu batu ne mai sarkakiya da muhawara. <ref name=":2" /> ART tana da alaƙa da sakamako masu illa da yawa na lafiya, gami da ƙaruwar haɗarin lahani na haihuwa, da kuma ƙaruwar haɗarin preeclampsia na mata da kashi 1.71. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zhao J, Yan Y, Huang X, Li Y |date=January 2020 |title=Do the children born after assisted reproductive technology have an increased risk of birth defects? A systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=322–333 |doi=10.1080/14767058.2018.1488168 |pmid=30189770 |s2cid=52167625}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Almasi-Hashiani A, Omani-Samani R, Mohammadi M, Amini P, Navid B, Alizadeh A, Khedmati Morasae E, Maroufizadeh S |date=May 2019 |title=Assisted reproductive technology and the risk of preeclampsia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |volume=19 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s12884-019-2291-x |pmc=6498659 |pmid=31046710 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yawan nasarar ART yana inganta amma ya bambanta sosai kuma ya dogara ne da shekaru. <ref name=":3" /> Misali, ga mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 35, matsakaicin nasarar da aka samu a fannin ART a shekarar 2015 ya kasance kashi 31% idan aka kwatanta da kashi 16% ga waɗanda suka kai shekaru 38-40, da kuma kashi 3% ga waɗanda suka haura shekaru 44. <ref name=":3" /> === Rashin haihuwa, rashin ciki, raunin haihuwa, da kuma haihuwar 'ya'ya === Rashin haihuwa yanayi ne na lafiya wanda mace ba za ta iya ɗaukar ciki ba bayan shekara guda ta yi ƙoƙari, ko kuma watanni 6 ga mace mai shekaru sama da 35. Mata kuma za a iya ɗaukar su marasa haihuwa idan sun yi ciki amma ba za su iya ɗaukar ciki ba. Wannan yanayin yana shafar kusan kashi 10 cikin 100 na mata a Amurka. Baya ga waɗannan matan, maza kuma suna fuskantar matsala da rashin haihuwa. A cewar Ofishin Lafiyar Mata "Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na matsalolin haihuwa suna faruwa ne saboda namiji." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anon |title=Infertility |url=https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/infertility |website=womenshealth.org |publisher=Office on Women's Health}}</ref> Dangane da ko rashin haihuwa ya faru ne ta hanyar namiji ko mace kuma yana canza dalilin da yasa rashin haihuwa ke faruwa. Akwai dalilai daban-daban da ke sa rashin haihuwa ke faruwa. Ga yawancin mata rashin haihuwa yana faruwa ne sakamakon matsalolin ovulation, shekaru, matsalolin bututu, matsalolin ovaries, matsalolin mahaifa, da fibroids na mahaifa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Infertility |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infertility |website=who.int |publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> Yawancin maza suna fuskantar dalilai kamar varicocele, ƙirƙirar maniyyi kaɗan ko babu, matsalolin hormonal, da motsi ko siffar maniyyi. Babban abin da ke ƙara haifar da rashin haihuwa shine shekaru. Mata da yawa suna zaɓar jira kafin su yi ciki har zuwa shekaru 30 zuwa 40. Wannan shine dalilin rashin haihuwa saboda ƙwai da mace ke da shi na iya zama marasa lafiya kuma adadin ƙwai da mace ta bari ƙanana ne kafin shekaru 35. Dangane da dalilin rashin haihuwa, ana iya magance yawancin lokuta. Illolin rashin haihuwa da dama, rashin ciki, raunin haihuwa, da haihuwa suna haifar da matsaloli iri-iri na lafiya ga mata. A Amurka, kimanin mutum 1 cikin 5 (19%) ba sa iya ɗaukar ciki bayan shekara guda da ƙoƙarin ɗaukar ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=Infertility {{!}} Reproductive Health {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/infertility/index.htm |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> Wani bincike mai inganci a Iran ya tantance sakamakon motsin rai da tunani na rashin haihuwa kuma ya kammala da cewa ya haifar da damuwa ta tunani kuma ya haifar da baƙin ciki a cikin wani ɓangare na mata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seyede Batool Hasanpoor-Azghdy |year=2014 |title=The emotional-psychological consequences of infertility among infertile women seeking treatment: Results of a qualitative study |journal=NCBI |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=131–138 |pmc=4009564 |pmid=24799871}}</ref> Wani bincike mai ƙima da Jami'ar Penn ta gudanar ya danganta alaƙar da ke tsakanin rashin haihuwa da mace-mace. Binciken ya nuna cewa mata masu tarihin rashin haihuwa suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa da kashi 20 cikin ɗari, gami da haɗarin mutuwa daga cutar kansar mama da ciwon suga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2017 |title=Infertility Linked to Higher Risk of Death Among Women |url=https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2017/november/infertility-linked-to-higher-risk-of-death-among-women |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=www.pennmedicine.org |archive-date=2023-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326003441/https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-releases/2017/november/infertility-linked-to-higher-risk-of-death-among-women |url-status=dead }}</ref> rashin ciki ko zubar da ciki na iya haifar da haɗarin matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da/ko na jiki. Rashin haihuwa na iya haifar da haɗarin hawan jini, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, da ciwon suga na nau'in 2. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kelvin Okoth |year=2022 |title=Long term miscarriage-related hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Evidence from a United Kingdom population-based cohort study |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=17 |issue=1 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1761769O |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0261769 |pmc=8782476 |pmid=35061706 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kimanin kashi 3% kuma suna fama da cututtuka bayan zubar ciki. Damuwa da rikice-rikicen damuwa sune manyan matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da ke tasowa bayan rashin juna biyu. A yanayin haihuwa, wasu raunuka na iya faruwa. Wasu mata da suka fuskanci mummunan yanayi a lokacin daukar ciki suna fuskantar matsalar damuwa bayan haihuwa (PTSD) wanda ake daukarsa a matsayin wani nau'in matsalar damuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PTSD and birth trauma |url=https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/postnatal-depression-and-perinatal-mental-health/ptsd-and-birth-trauma/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=www.mind.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> Idan aka haifi 'ya'ya daidai gwargwado, wasu matsalolin lafiya na iya tasowa. Kimanin kashi 16% na ciki a shekarar 2019 suna da matsalar hawan jini. Jimillar mace-macen ciki yana karuwa a tsawon lokaci kuma adadin mace-macen da suka shafi daukar ciki ga mata bakar fata ya ninka na mata fararen fata sau uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-23 |title=Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System {{!}} Maternal and Infant Health {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternal-mortality/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> Manyan dalilai guda 5 da ke haifar da mutuwar ciki sun hada da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini (16.2%), kamuwa da cuta ko sepsis (13.9%), ciwon zuciya (12.5%), zubar jini (11.0%), toshewar huhu ko wasu embolism (9.4%). Jimillar mace-macen ciki, rauni, haihuwa, da rashin haihuwa na iya samun matsaloli iri-iri na tunani da na jiki. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Maganin rashin haihuwa na iya zama mai sauƙi ko mai yawa. Wasu mata suna buƙatar magani ɗaya ko biyu kawai yayin da wasu kuma na iya buƙatar magani mai yawa wanda zai iya ɗaukar watanni. Maganin mata sun haɗa da magungunan haihuwa, yin haihuwa a cikin mahaifa, da tiyata don dawo da hadi. Maganin maza na iya haɗawa da canje-canje a salon rayuwa, magunguna, tiyata, ko hanyoyin dawo da maniyyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Infertility |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354322 |website=mayoclinic.org |publisher=Mayo Clinic}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin taimako shine Hadin In Vitro. Wannan tsari ya haɗa da dawo da ƙwai, yin taki a wajen mahaifa, sannan a mayar da shi cikin mahaifa don haɓaka girma. Akwai ƙaruwar adadin wannan nau'in taimakon a Amurka kowace shekara. == Cututtukan da ake kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i == Manufar lafiyar gwamnatin Amurka ta hanyar Hukumar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka ita ce rage yawan kamuwa da [[Cutar da ake kamuwa ta jima'i|cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i]] daga shekarun 1980 zuwa yau. <ref name="Testing for STDs">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mosher WD, Aral SO |date=October 1991 |title=Testing for sexually transmitted diseases among women of reproductive age: United States, 1988 |journal=Family Planning Perspectives |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=216–221 |doi=10.2307/2135756 |jstor=2135756 |pmid=1743274}}</ref> Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ita ce ke da alhakin bincike da yawa kan batun Cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i da kuma tasirin Cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i ga mata da 'yan mata. <ref name="Something we'd not talk about">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Friedman AL, Bloodgood B |date=October 2010 |title="something we'd rather not talk about": findings from CDC exploratory research on sexually transmitted disease communication with girls and women |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235277 |journal=Journal of Women's Health |volume=19 |issue=10 |pages=1823–1831 |doi=10.1089/jwh.2010.1961 |pmid=20929416}}</ref> CDC ta bayyana cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i a matsayin "cututtukan da za ku iya samu daga yin jima'i da wanda ke dauke da cutar". <ref name="CDC Women's Reproductive Health" /> Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i sama da ashirin da ake iya ganowa ta hanyar kwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin cuta, ko ƙwayoyin cuta. <ref name="CDC Women's Reproductive Health">{{Cite web |last=Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion |title=Women's Reproductive Health |url=https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/WomensRH/index.htm |access-date=25 October 2014 |website=www.cdc.gov}}</ref> A cikin shekara guda a Amurka akwai kimanin mutane miliyan 12 da ke kamuwa da cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i. Daga cikin wadannan mutane miliyan 12 akwai mutane miliyan 1.5 da ke kamuwa da cutar gonorrhea, mutane 500,000 da ke kamuwa da cutar herpes ta al'aura, da kuma mutane 110,000 da ke kamuwa da cutar syphilis. <ref name="Testing for STDs" /> Mata da maza a Amurka suna fama da annobar cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i. Duk da haka, mata suna da mummunan martani ga wasu cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i fiye da maza. Mummunan tasirin STDs ga mata ga lafiyarsu na iya haɗawa da cutar kumburin ƙashin ƙugu (PIV), ciki mai kama da mahaifa, ciwon ƙashin ƙugu na yau da kullun, rashin haihuwa, kamuwa da cuta ta tayi da haihuwa, rikitarwa ga ciki, asarar tayi, ciwon mahaifa, da ƙaruwar haɗarin ɗaukar ciki a cikin mahaifa, jinkirin girma a cikin mahaifa da haihuwa kafin lokacin haihuwa. <ref name="Testing for STDs" /> <ref name="Something we'd not talk about" /> Mata a Amurka ba sa neman magani ga STDs saboda dalilai daban-daban. Wasu STDs ba sa nuna alamun rashin lafiya ga mata <ref name="Testing for STDs" /> don haka mata ba sa neman magani ga STDs fiye da maza. Kamar yawancin batutuwan lafiya, akwai gibi da ke akwai wajen fahimtar cututtukan cututtuka a cikin mata idan aka kwatanta da maza. Mata ba sa samun isasshen bayani game da yawan kamuwa da STDs da kuma alamun STDs. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Kamar yadda yake a cikin tsarin hana haihuwa a Amurka, akwai wata kyama da ke hana mata koyo game da duk wani nau'in cututtukan da za a iya kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i da kuma maganinsu. Wani bincike da Mujallar Lafiyar Mata ta gudanar ya gano cewa cututtukan da za a iya kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i a matsayin wani batu da mata ba za su so su yi magana a kai ba. <ref name="Something we'd not talk about"/> <ref name="Something we'd not talk about" /> Ƙyamar da ke tattare da cututtukan da za a iya kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i a Amurka tana hana mata tattauna batun ko da a tsakanin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, abokai na kud da kud, abokan hulɗa, da dangi. Mata matasa ba su fahimci haɗarin da cututtukan da za a iya kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i za su iya haifar musu ba. Misali, Chlamydia yana ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan da suka fi shafar mata da maza a Amurka. <ref name="pmid4020783">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Judson FN |date=March 1985 |title=Assessing the number of genital chlamydial infections in the United States |journal=The Journal of Reproductive Medicine |volume=30 |issue=3 Suppl |pages=269–72 |doi= |pmid=4020783}}</ref> Mata ba sa bin shawarar da aka bayar cewa a yi wa mutane gwajin cutar Chlamydia aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara. <ref name="Something we'd not talk about" /> Yawancin mata ba su ma san wani bayani game da Chlamydia a matsayin STD ba banda gaskiyar cewa ana iya warkar da shi. <ref name="Something we'd not talk about" /> Gwajin STD ya fi tasiri wajen gano cututtukan STD a cikin mata, amma mata a Amurka ba sa amfani da shi sosai ta hanyar samun damar zuwa asibitocin tsara iyali, yana ƙara yiwuwar mata su nemi da kuma amfani da gwajin STD. <ref name="Testing for STDs"/> Gwajin wani nau'i ne na gwada mutanen da ke da lafiya ko waɗanda ke da alamun cutar STD don tantance yawan kamuwa da cutar STD. Ƙungiyar Kula da Yara ta Amurka ta Planned Parenthood Federation of America tana da asibitoci a faɗin Amurka don manufar tantance cututtukan STD da sauran ayyukan tsara iyali. Planned Parenthood ta ba da shawarar cewa mata masu jima'i su gwada cututtukan STD aƙalla kowace shekara. <ref name="Testing for STDs" /> Wani bincike da Jaridar Lafiya ta Mata ta gudanar ya gano buƙatar yaƙin neman ilimi kan gwajin STD da ke niyya ga mata matasa masu jima'i. <ref name="Something we'd not talk about"/> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k18mlviplv5w796ytdpekesl8skmdgh 0 156323 887924 852903 2026-07-26T23:18:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''{{Lang|la|Mens sana in corpore sano}}''' ( ) kalma ce [[Harshen Latin|ta Latin]], wacce aka fi fassara ta da "hankali mai lafiya a cikin jiki mai lafiya". Ana amfani da wannan kalmar sosai a cikin yanayin wasanni da ilimi don bayyana cewa motsa jiki muhimmin bangare ne na lafiyar kwakwalwa da ta kwakwalwa. == Tarihi == The phrase comes from [[Satires (Juvenal)#Book IV|''Satire'' X]] ({{Circa|2nd century AD}}) of the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] poet [[Juvenal]] (10.356). It is the first in a list of what is desirable in life: {{verse translation|'''orandum est ut sit mens sana in corpore sano.''' fortem posce animum mortis terrore carentem, qui spatium vitae extremum inter munera ponat naturae, qui ferre queat quoscumque labores, nesciat irasci, cupiat nihil et potiores Herculis aerumnas credat saevosque labores et venere et cenis et pluma Sardanapalli. monstro quod ipse tibi possis dare; semita certe tranquillae per virtutem patet unica vitae.|'''You should pray for a healthy mind in a healthy body.''' Ask for a stout heart that has no fear of death, and deems length of days the least of Nature's gifts that can endure any kind of toil, that knows neither wrath nor desire and thinks the woes and hard labors of [[Hercules]] better than the loves and banquets and downy cushions of [[Sardanapalus]]. What I commend to you, you can give to yourself; For assuredly, the only road to a life of peace is virtue.|lang=el|attr1=Roman poet [[Juvenal]] (10.356-64)}} Masu sharhi na gargajiya sun yi imanin cewa manufar Juvenal ita ce ya koya wa 'yan uwansa 'yan ƙasar [[Romawa na Da|Roma]] cewa a zahiri, addu'o'insu game da abubuwa kamar tsawon rai ba daidai ba ne kuma alloli sun ba wa mutum kyawawan halaye waɗanda ya lissafa musu. Bayan lokaci kuma an rabu da mahallinsa, kalmar ta zo da ma'anoni daban-daban. Ana iya fassara ta da cewa hankali mai lafiya ne kawai zai iya kaiwa ga jiki mai lafiya, ko kuma cewa jiki mai lafiya ne kawai zai iya samar da ko kuma ya ci gaba da lafiyayyen tunani. Amfaninta gabaɗaya shine bayyana tsarin buƙatu, tare da lafiyar jiki da ta hankali a matsayin tushen. An earlier, similar saying is attributed to the 6th century BC [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] [[Pre-Socratic philosophy|pre-Socratic]] philosopher [[Thales of Miletus]]: {{verse translation|τίς εὐδαίμων, "ὁ τὸ μὲν σῶμα ὑγιής, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν εὔπορος, τὴν δὲ φύσιν εὐπαίδευτος"|What man is happy? "He who has a healthy body, a resourceful mind and a docile nature."<ref>As quoted by [[Diogenes Laërtius]], (R. D. Hicks, ed.), ''Lives of Eminent Philosophers'' I:37 ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0257%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D1 Greek]; [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0258%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D1 English]).</ref>|lang=el|italicsoff=yes}} == Amfani == * Later usages: ** [[John Locke]] (1632–1704) uses the phrase in his book ''Some Thoughts Concerning Education'', 1693. ** Heinrich von Treitschke used this phrase in his work titled ''The Army''. He uses the phrase to highlight a sound principle of his German nationalistic doctrine. His work echoes the principles of late nineteenth century Prussian society. ** Its first use in an athletic context appears to have been by John Hulley in December 1861. In 1862, he chose it as the motto of the Liverpool Athletic Club and Liverpool Olympic Games. ** {{Interlanguage link|Koenraad Keyer|nl}}, leader of the Public Health Council of the Netherlands during the Second World War, used the phrase as a goal for public health care. ** Slavic Sokol movement (f. 1862) ** The schoolteacher Kulygin quotes the phrase in Act I of ''Three Sisters'' by Anton Chekhov. * Usage as the motto of athletic clubs: ** Örgryte IS ** Liverpool Athletic Club ** Paraná Clube ** Gimnasia y Esgrima de Buenos Aires ** Club Gimnasia y Esgrima de Mendoza ** Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata ** Georgetown Hoyas ** R.S.C. Anderlecht ** C.D. Santa Clara ** Associação de Educação Física e Desportiva ** The Turners Organization American Turners and their local organizations like the Los Angeles turners. ** Carlton Football Club ** Asociacion Atletica Argentinos Juniors ** The Israeli Institute of Technology athletics teams ** Mens Sana Basket ** Beale Gaelic Football Club from County Kerry ** Torrens Rowing Club ** Sydney Rowing Club ** [[London Academicals Hockey Club]] * Usage as the motto of military institutions: ** Royal Marines physical training instructors (PTI). ** Riverside Military Academy in Gainesville, Georgia ** Hargrave Military Academy in Chatham, Virginia ** Army Physical Training Corps (APTC) ** PERI (Physical Education & Recreation Instructors), which is part of the Canadian Military ** New Zealand Defence Force Physical Training Instructors. * Usage as the motto of educational institutions: ** East Brisbane State School, Queensland, [[Asturaliya|Australia]] ** Windham High School (Ohio) ** Hiranandani Foundation School, [[Mumbai]], [[Indiya|India]] ** Teacher's College of Columbia University has this phrase engraved on its Horace Mann hall, on 120th Street in [[New York (birni)|New York City]] ** The University College London Men's Rugby Football Club, Based out of the Bloomsbury in [[Landan|London]] ** Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Hospital, [[Mumbai]] ** Widener University and the State University of New York at Buffalo ** The phrase appears in stone on the western facade of the School of Public Health at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana ** The phrase appears in stone above the entranceway to the Athletic Center at Mount Allison University in Sackville, New Brunswick ** Albert Schweitzer Pastoral Medicine Institute ** Dhaka Physical Education College in [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]] ** Sparta High School in Sparta, New Jersey ** Charleston Female Seminary ** Detroit Country Day School in Beverly Hills, Michigan ** Erskine Academy in South China, Maine ** Roger Bacon High School, St. Bernard, Ohio ** Bjelke-Petersen School of Physical Culture, Australia ** Bridgewater Junior Senior High School in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia ** Kongsbakken videregående skole in Tromsø, [[Norway]] ** Lakefield College School in Lakefield, [[Kanada|Canada]] ** Polish Association of Sport named SOKÓŁ before [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|World War I]]. [[Poland]], Galicja in that time Austria ** The Internado Nacional Barros Arana in Santiago, Chile. ** Used as a line in the school song of Bangor Grammar School, in Bangor, County Down, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Northern Ireland]]. ** Used as motto for Lundsbergs skola, an elite school in [[Sweden]]. Ana amfani da shi azaman taken [[The Park School of Baltimore Athletics|Makarantar Wasannin Kwaleji ta Baltimore]], wata makarantar K-12 da ke Baltimore, Maryland . ** Ana amfani da shi azaman taken Makarantar Foxcroft, makarantar kwana ta 'yan mata gaba ɗaya a Middleburg, Virginia . ** Makarantar Westholme, wata makaranta mai zaman kanta da ke gefen ƙauyen Blackburn, Ingila ** Makarantar Sakandare ta Loyola da ke [[Montréal|Montreal, Quebec]], Kanada ** Makarantar Winsor da ke [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] tana amfani da fassarar Turanci a matsayin taken su. ** Kwalejin St Andrew a Gampola, Sri Lanka * Amfani a wasu lokuta: ** Wannan kalma ta kasance abin da [[Harry S. Truman]], shugaban Amurka na 33 ya fi so. ** Kamfanin Asics, wanda ke kera takalman wasanni da kayan wasanni, ya samo sunansa ne daga wani nau'in kalma: "anima sana a cikin jiki mai lafiya" 'rai mai lafiya a cikin jiki mai lafiya'. ** Mensa, wata al'umma mai girman IQ, ta samo sunansa daga kalmar Latin da ke nufin tebur, ''"mensa"'' da kuma kalmar ''"mens sana"'' . ** [[Sauti Jiki Sauti Zuciya|Sound Body Sound Mind]], wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Amurka (501(c)(3) wacce ke haɓaka kwarin gwiwa da zaɓin salon rayuwa mai kyau tsakanin yara. ** Bambancin, a cikin Danish ''En sund sjæl i et sundt legeme'' shine taken Captain [[:da:J.P. Jespersen|JP Jespersen]], malami / malami na gymnastics Danish. ** [[Nikola Tesla]], a cikin aikinsa mai taken "Matsalar Ƙara Ƙarfin Dan Adam" ya goyi bayan wannan ra'ayi, yana ba da shawarar yin motsa jiki matsakaici da kuma guje wa fifita lafiyar jiki fiye da kima. <ref>{{Cite web |title="The Problem of Increasing Human Energy" by Nikola Tesla |url=http://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/1900-06-00.htm |access-date=2020-01-16 |website=www.tfcbooks.com}}</ref> ** " In corpore sano " wata waƙa ce ta mawaƙiya kuma marubuciyar Serbia Konstrakta wadda ta wakilci Serbia a gasar Eurovision Song Contest 2022 da ita, inda ta kare a matsayi na 5. ** Victoria Wood ta yi amfani da shi a cikin barkwanci mai ban dariya na Mens Sana In Thingummy Doodah ** Sanatorium na Blackwood Pines mai ban mamaki a cikin Until Dawn yana da wannan jumla a matsayin taken sa. == Duba kuma == * Bambancin tunani da jiki * Lasisin arma da las letras == Bayanan ƙasa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  * [http://plaza.ufl.edu/tbohland/latin3/Young05IJHS.pdf ''Sana na Maza a Corpore Sano'' ? Jiki da Hankali a Tsohuwar Girka"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220031822/http://plaza.ufl.edu/tbohland/latin3/Young05IJHS.pdf |date=2021-02-20 }} ta David C. Young. ''Mujallar Duniya ta Tarihin Wasanni'', Vol.22, No.1, (Janairu 2005), shafi na&nbsp;22–41 j0eciokywsw8pevnmn3pg093ljzh3ty 0 156366 887922 853069 2026-07-26T23:16:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Maza sun kasance kasa da rabin yawan mutanen Australiya miliyan 23.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-20 |title=Population clock |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Web+Pages/Population+Clock?opendocument}}</ref> A matsakaita mazajen Australiya suna rayuwa zuwa kusan shekaru 78, tare da tsammanin rayuwa na ɗan asalin Australiya a cikin 2009 yana kusa da shekaru 67 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=AIHW 2011. The health of Australia's males. Cat. no. PHE 141. |url=http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=10737419204 |access-date=3 September 2015 |publisher=AIHW}}</ref> da maza da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba a yankuna masu nisa da ke zaune zuwa kusan 70. A matsakaita yawan mace-mace sun fi maza a duk faɗin shekarun. Lafiyar maza a Ostiraliya ta ƙunshi yankuna da yawa, gami da amma ba a iyakance su ba, tunanin mutum, jiki da zamantakewar jama'a. Wasu daga cikin manyan batutuwa a cikin waɗannan yankuna, suna tasiri ga maza na kowane zamani, sune shan sigari, barasa, kiba, rashin motsa jiki da ciwon daji na prostate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lynch |first=William |date=2013 |title=Trends in Urology & Men's Health |journal=Men's Health in Australia |volume=4 |page=2 |doi=10.1002/tre.305 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin wadannan batutuwan ana iya hana su; duk da haka, idan ba a yarda da su ba sau da yawa suna haifar da ƙuntataccen salon rayuwa, rashin lafiya mai tsawo ko mutuwa. Maza na Australiya suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga dukkan yankuna na Ostiraliya ciki har da aikin da aka biya da wanda ba a biya ba, a cikin 2009 akwai kusan maza miliyan shida sama da shekaru 15 a cikin aikin da aka biyan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=National Male Health Policy: Building on the Strengths of Australian Males |url=http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/7935AC78159969D4CA257BF0001C6B07/$File/MainDocument.pdf |access-date=4 September 2015 |publisher=Department of Health and Ageing}}</ref> A cewar de Vaus, Gray da Stanton <ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Vaus |first=David A |last2=Gray |first2=Matthew |last3=Stanton |first3=David |date=Summer 2003 |title=The Value of Unpaid Work of Older Australians |url=http://search.informit.com.au.ipacez.nd.edu.au/documentSummary;dn=808862375256100;res=IELAPA |journal=Family Matters |pages=34–39 |issn=1030-2646 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> dala biliyan 10.3 na aikin da ba a biya ba, a kowace shekara, maza ne ke ba da gudummawa tsakanin shekaru 65 zuwa 74. Koyaya, bincike ya nuna cewa a fannoni da yawa na kiwon lafiya, maza na Ostiraliya suna da sakamako mafi muni fiye da takwarorinsu mata.<ref name=":0"/> Samun yawan maza masu lafiya yana da mahimmanci, ba kawai ga kowane mutum ba amma ga danginsu, abokai, al'ummomi da al'ummar Australiya gaba ɗaya.<ref name=":0" />&nbsp; A shekara ta 2007, gwamnatin Australiya, a matsayin wani ɓangare na sadaukarwar zabe, ta yi alkawarin haɓaka 'Manufar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa' ta farko. Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Tsufa (DoHa) ce ta saki manufofin a cikin 2010 kuma an kira shi "Manufar Lafiya ta Kasa: Gina akan Ƙarfin Maza na Australiya".<ref name=":2"/> Wannan manufofin suna amfani da ma'anar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] game da kiwon lafiya, wanda shine: "cikakken lafiyar jiki, tunani da zamantakewa kuma ba kawai rashin cuta da nakasa ba". An kara da wannan, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin gaba ɗaya, shine bangaren ruhaniya na kiwon lafiya da jin daɗi. == Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Tsufa - Manufofin Lafiya na Maza na Kasa == Manufofin DoHa suna mai da hankali kan manyan wuraren aiki guda shida: <ref name=":2"/> * Sakamakon lafiya mafi kyau ga maza * Daidaitawar kiwon lafiya tsakanin kungiyoyin maza daban-daban * Inganta lafiyar maza a matakai daban-daban na rayuwa * Mai da hankali kan kiwon lafiya na rigakafi ga maza, musamman game da cututtukan da ba su da tsanani * Gina tushe mai karfi a kan lafiyar maza da amfani da shi don sanar da manufofi, shirye-shirye da shirye-shiryen, da kuma; * Inganta damar samun kiwon lafiya ga maza ta hanyar shirye-shirye da sabis na kiwon lafiya, musamman ga rukunin maza da ke cikin haɗarin rashin lafiya. == Manazarta == nznvwshvbuxoxzfzalmossed5ft1zc7 0 156835 887950 855193 2026-07-27T04:30:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tekun Liido''' ( Somali ) bakin teku ne a babban birnin [[Somaliya]], [[Mogadishu]], wanda ke kallon Tekun Somaliya . Ya samo sunansa ( Italian ) daga kalmar Italiyanci ta "bakin teku". Yawanci, ana amfani da sunan ''Liido'' a cikin yaren mutanen yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-29 |title=الصومال.. انتفاضة شبابية لتنظيف أشهر شواطئ مقديشو |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/ar/%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A6-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1/1414498 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929200002/https://www.aa.com.tr/ar/%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A6-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1/1414498 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |access-date=2024-08-04}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-22 |title=روبلي يزور شاطئ ليدو السياحي في مقديشو ويؤكد على أهميته ويشيد بالمبادرات المجتمعية - الصومال اليوم |url=https://alsomalalyaum.com/34629/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722055419/https://alsomalalyaum.com/34629/ |archive-date=2023-07-22 |access-date=2024-08-04}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Mogadishu_beach_view.jpg|thumb|rairayin bakin teku na Lido da otal ɗin (yana kallon bakin tekun Mogadishu kafin hallaka) ]] An fara gina rairayin bakin teku a arewacin Mogadishu a ƙarshen shekarun 1930 ga Masu mulkin mallaka na Italiya da ke zaune a babban birnin Somalia mai kariya a lokacin. A shekarun 1950, gwamnatin Italiya ce ta gina shi gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin mulkin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], tare da faɗaɗa wani otel da ke kusa wanda shi ne ginin mafi tsayi a Mogadishu a waɗannan shekarun. Bayan shekaru da dama na yakin basasa da rashin zaman lafiya a babban birnin, bakin tekun ya daina amfani da shi. Duk da haka, ya fuskanci farfadowa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2025, masu tsaron Villa Somalia sun bude wuta a kan fararen hula a bakin rairayin bakin teku yayin da suke ƙoƙarin share yankin kafin ziyarar Firayim Ministan Habasha, inda suka kashe wani matashi kuma suka jikkata wasu da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Xiddig |date=2025-02-27 |title=Teenager Shot Dead as Somali Security Forces Clear Beach for Ethiopian PM’s Visit |url=https://www.idilnews.com/teenager-shot-dead-as-somali-security-forces-clear-beach-for-ethiopian-pms-visit/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Idil News |language=en-US}}</ref> === Hare-haren Al-Shabaab === A watan Janairun 2016, [[Al-Shabaab (ƙungiyar Mayaƙa)|al-Shabaab]] ta gudanar da fashewar bam da kuma harbi a wani gidan cin abinci, inda ta kashe kimanin mutane 20. A watan Agustan 2020, al-Shabaab An kai hari kan otal, ta fashe bam din mota kuma ta shiga cikin wuta tare da jami'an tsaro na Somalia. An kashe mutane goma sha ɗaya da maharan biyar; sama da mutane 200 ne sojojin Somalia suka ceto. Wakilin Musamman na Sakatare Janar na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a Somaliya, James Swan, ya yi Allah wadai da harin [[ta'addanci]] kuma ya ce Majalisar Dinkinobho "ta nuna ta'aziyya ga iyalan wadanda abin ya shafa".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-17 |title=United Nations condemns deadly terrorist attack on Mogadishu hotel |url=https://unsom.unmissions.org/united-nations-condemns-deadly-terrorist-attack-mogadishu-hotel |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=UNSOM |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604133020/https://unsom.unmissions.org/united-nations-condemns-deadly-terrorist-attack-mogadishu-hotel |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-17 |title=Somalia: UN condemns 'brazen' terrorist attack on beachside hotel |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/08/1070342 |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=UN News |language=en}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, wani dan al-Shabaab ya kai hari kan wani gidan cin abinci. A watan Yunin 2023, 'yan ta'adda An kai hari kan otal. A ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, 2024, wani harin bam da aka kai wa kansa da harbi ya faru a bakin rairayin bakin teku da kuma Otal din Beach View da mayakan Al-Shabaab suka bar akalla mutane 56 da suka mutu, ciki har da shida daga cikin mayakan bakwai da soja daya. A cewar sakonnin [[Twitter]], ana iya jin manyan bindigogi da fashewa a bakin rairayin bakin teku kuma ana iya ganin aƙalla gawarwaki 18 a cikin bidiyo da hotuna na harin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2024 |title=Militants storm beachside hotel in Somalia's capital |url=https://english.news.cn/africa/20240803/c7ba26e4cb81498d9107a2984ffba5be/c.html |access-date=August 2, 2024 |website=Xinhua Net |language=en}}</ref> == Yanzu == Mutane da yawa suna ziyartar bakin tekun Mogadishu a kowane karshen mako. Somaliya tana da iyakar bakin teku mafi tsawo a cikin ƙasar Afirka tare da kilomita 3100 tare da [[Tekun Indiya]], wanda ke da rairayin bakin teku masu mahimmanci ga [[Yawon Buɗe Ido a Somaliya|yawon shakatawa]]. Lido Beach tana da gidajen cin abinci na teku, otal-otal, da wuraren shakatawa. Mutanen Somaliya da ke zaune a kasashen waje suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen dawo da Mogadishu, gina sabon alatu a cikin gari da rairayin bakin teku da gidajen cin abinci, da kuma wasu da yawa da ke jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido na duniya. Akwai sabbin kasuwancin da aka kafa a can. == Dubi kuma == * Yankin Jazeera == Manazarta == b47y3k0r9m4d6zi6pa92106k1t4uyau 0 156892 887947 855359 2026-07-27T03:54:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Lethrinops mylodon''''' nau'in haplochromine cichlid ne wanda yake da yawa a [[Tabkin Malawi|Tafkin Malawi]] inda yake yaɗuwa. Nau'in ruwa ne mai zurfi a kan ƙasa mai yashi wanda ke cin abinci galibi akan gastropods == Bayani == ''Lethrinops mylodon'' yana da jiki mai zurfi sosai da kuma babban kai da ido, za a iya gane shi banda ''Lethrinops gossei'' ta hanyar rashin yankewa mai siffar V a saman mandible da kuma ta hanyar rashin ƙananan gillrakers, ''L. myodon'' yana da 12-14 idan aka kwatanta da ''L. gossei'' wanda ke da 18-20. Haƙoran pharyngeal masu girman gaske sun bambanta wannan nau'in daga duk sauran nau'ikan jijiyoyi masu zurfi a cikin nau'in ''Lethrinops'' . Maza masu aiki da jima'i suna da launin zinare-zinare kuma galibi ana yi musu alama da sandunan tsaye daban-daban, suna da kai mai haske shuɗi da kuma manyan tabo masu launin rawaya a kan fin ɗin duburarsu . Suna girma zuwa {{Convert|25|cm|in}} a cikin jimlar tsawon . <ref name="Turner">{{Cite web |last=G.F. Turner |year=2004 |title=Lethrinops mylodon Eccles & Lewis |url=https://malawicichlids.com/mw08129.htm |website=The Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi, Africa |publisher=M.K. Oliver |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-date=2026-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260305173727/https://www.malawicichlids.com/mw08129.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rarrabawa == ''Lethrinops mylodon'' yana da matuƙar haɗari ga Tafkin Malawi inda yake yaɗuwa a ko'ina cikin tafkin. == Mazauni da ilmin halitta == Yana cin abinci ne musamman akan katantanwa. Yana rayuwa ne a kan ƙasa mai yashi daga zurfin {{Convert|40 to 70|m|ft}}, kodayake an yi rikodin zurfinsa har zuwa {{Convert|110|m|ft}} . <ref name="Turner"/> == Kare Muhalli == Yawan mutanen ''Lethrinops mylodon'' da ke yankin kudu maso gabashin tafkin sun nuna raguwar da ta fara tun farkon shekarun 1970 kuma ta daɗe aƙalla har zuwa shekarun 1990. Wannan raguwar wataƙila ta faru ne sakamakon yawan farautar tsuntsaye a wannan ɓangaren tafkin. <ref name="Turner" /> Wannan nau'in ba kasafai yake faruwa a wasu sassan tafkin Malawi ba. == Tsarin Haraji == A shekarar 1979, Eccles & Lewis sun bayyana wani nau'in halittar arewa mai suna ''L. m. borealis'' wanda suka bambanta shi da sunan da ke kan ƙashin pharyngeal wanda ya fi tsayi kuma yana da saman ƙasa mai lanƙwasa. Sun tattara wannan siffar a Nkhata Bay, yayin da aka rubuta "wanda aka zaɓa" har zuwa arewa kamar Nkhotakota. Marubutan daga baya sun ɗauki ''borealis'' a matsayin nau'in halitta mai inganci amma wasu sun yi jayayya cewa matsayin ''borealis ɗin'' da ke ƙarƙashinsa yana da shakku, idan aka yi la'akari da bambancin da aka sani a cikin siffofin da aka ambata a cikin cichlids. Babu wani bayanan da suka biyo baya game da siffar ''borealis'' tun 1979 kuma an yi kuskuren sanya yawancin samfuran . <ref name="Turner"/> == Manazarta == l0jxsrs7zktin3xy57us3qu3qzyenu8 0 157376 887977 856827 2026-07-27T06:30:19Z Tettelin Bart 46308 The real date is 12 juin as seen on ratset.se 887977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Görel Kristina Hanser''' (née '''Johnsen'''; 21 Yuni 1949 - 12 Yuni 2026) ta kasance manajan kiɗa da mai zane-zane na Sweden. Ta kasance sananniya saboda kasancewa manajan ƙungiyar pop ta Sweden ABBA da membobinta. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Polar Music kuma ta kasance sakatariyar Stig Anderson . == Tarihi == An haifi Johnsen a ranar 21 ga Yuni 1949 a Skultorp, kusa da Skövde a [[Sweden]] . A shekara ta 1980, ta auri ɗan jarida kuma mai ɗaukar hoto Anders Hanser, wanda ta sadu da shi yayin da yake rufe ABBA don jerin rediyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anders Hanser |url=https://abbasite.com/people/anders-hanser/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |website=Abbasite.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Palm |first=Carl Magnus |date=2010-03-29 |title=From ABBA To Mamma Mia! |url=https://www.carlmagnuspalm.com/abba/books/from-abba-to-mamma-mia |archive-date= |website=carlmagnuspalm.com}}</ref> Johnsen ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Yuni 2026, yana da shekaru 76. Membobin kungiyar ABBA Agnetha Fältskog, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson da Anni-Frid Lyngstad ne suka sanar da mutuwarta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Görel Hanser |url=https://abbasite.com/people/gorel-hanser/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |website=Abbasite.com}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Johnsen ya fara aiki a ofisoshin kamfanin wallafe-wallafen Stig Anderson Sweden Music da kamfanin rikodin Polar Music a watan Satumbar 1969. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2026-09-13 |title=ABBA in mourning - Görel Hanser dead |journal=Sweden Harald}}</ref> Bayan wani lokaci ta zama sakatariyar Anderson. Bayan 'yan shekaru a cikin shekarun 1970 ta zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin kungiyar kuma ta zama Mataimakin Shugaban Polar Music . A cikin shekarun ABBA, ta kula da lambobin sadarwa tare da lakabi da yawa a duniya waɗanda suka saki rikodin ƙungiyar. Ta kuma zama manajan ABBA, tana hulɗa da manema labarai kuma tana tare da su a kan yawon shakatawa da tafiye-tafiye na gabatarwa. A cikin tsari, ta zama abokiyar sirri na kowane memba. A shekara ta 1979, ABBA ta rubuta kuma ta rubuta "Sång Till Görel" tare da Stig "Stikkan" Anderson kuma an ba da kyauta ga Görel a ranar haihuwarta ta 30. An buga rikodin 12" a cikin vinyl mai launin shudi a cikin kwafin 50 kawai (ko da yake wasu kafofin sun ce zai iya zama har zuwa 150) kuma an ba da shi ga Görel da abokai. An haramta waƙar da za a buga a rediyo. Waƙar, da aka rera a cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden, tana da ban dariya game da yadda kowa ke buƙatar Görel a ofishin. Taken ba shi da kyau; "Ina Görel yake, in ce, ina bukatar taimakon ta". Rubuce-rubucen yana daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi nema bayan bayanan ABBA - yana samun dubban daloli a gwanjo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABBA & Stikkan* – Sång Till Görel |url=https://www.discogs.com/master/592226-ABBA-Stikkan-S%C3%A5ng-Till-G%C3%B6rel |access-date=2026-06-13 |website=Discogs.com}}</ref> Bayan rabuwar ABBA, Johnsen ya ci gaba da aiki ga Sweden Music da Polar na 'yan shekaru. A shekara ta 1987, ta fara kamfaninta na Waka da aikin zane-zane Görel Hanser . Ita da ma'aikatanta galibi sun shagala da kula da cikakkun bayanai game da aikin Benny Andersson, gami da Andersson / Ulvaeus musicals. Ta kuma kula da al'amuran da suka shafi kasuwancin ABBA a madadin Björn Ulvaeus da Andersson. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, ta wakilci ABBA a bikin cika shekaru 25 na Official International ABBA Fan Club a Roosendaal, Netherlands. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Görel Hanser |url=https://www.abbafanclub.nl/about_us/gorel_interview.php |access-date=2026-06-13 |website=Abbafanclub.nl}}</ref> A cikin 2018, an ba Johnsen Grammis . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] b0d84q7v68l0dvsu5ersiy5ze9y2ab7 0 157411 887855 857009 2026-07-26T18:41:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887855 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Fayil:A_Wide_Variety_Of_Helmets.png|alt=A table with ten different types of helmets|thumb|Nau'ikan kwalkwali daban-daban guda goma tare da ƙirar daban-daban, kayan aiki da ɗaukar hoto. Daga hagu zuwa dama, a cikin jere na sama: Giro Radix Cycling Helmet, Giro G10 Ski Helmet, US Army UCP PASGT Helmet, HJC CL Motorcycle helmet, da HJC AC-3 Motorcycle helmit. A cikin jere na ƙasa: Kwalkwali na Urge Down-O-Matic Full Face mountain bike, kwalkwali na Cascade CPV-R Lacrosse, kwalkoki na hawa kan doki, kwalkwalwar Blauer Spear High Gear don zane-zane, da kwalkwali mai kashe gobara.]] {{Databox}}'''kwalkwali''' wani nau'i ne na kayan kariya da ake sawa don kare kai. Fiye da haka, kwalkwali yana taimakawa kwanyar wajen kare [[kwakwalwa]] mutum. Ana amfani da kwalkwali na bikin ko na alama (misali, kwalkwaliyar 'yan sanda a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]]) ba tare da aikin kariya ba a wasu lokuta. Sojoji suna sa kwalkwali na yaki, sau da yawa ana yin su daga Kevlar ko wasu ƙananan fiber na roba. Ana amfani da kwalkwali don wasanni da yawa (misali, jockeys, [[Construction|gini]]" data-linkid="25" href="./Football_helmet" id="mwIQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Football helmet">Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka, hockey a kankara, cricket, baseball, tseren kankara, jefawa da Hawan dutse); ayyukan aiki masu haɗari kamar gine-gine, [[hakar ma'adinai]], 'Yan sanda masu tayar da kayar baya, Jirgin sama na soja, da kuma sufuri (misali Kwalkwali na babur da kwalkoki na keke). Tun daga shekarun 1990s, yawancin kwalkwali an yi su ne daga resin ko filastik, wanda za'a iya ƙarfafa shi da fiber kamar aramids. [[Fayil:Tour_du_Doubs_2014_-_Pontarlier_-_Jérémy_Leveau.jpg|thumb|Mai tuka keke na Faransa Jérémy Leveau yana sanye da kwalkwali na keke]] Some British gamekeepers during the 18th and 19th centuries wore helmets made of [[Karan alkama|straw]] bound together with cut bramble. Europeans in the tropics often wore the pith helmet, developed in the mid-19th century and made of pith or cork.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Pith Helmet {{!}} Perspectives on History {{!}} AHA |url=https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/october-2020/the-pith-helmet |website=Historians.org}}</ref> Military applications in the 19th–20th centuries saw a number of leather helmets, particularly among aviators and tank crews in the early 20th century. In the early days of the [[Mota|automobile]], some motorists also adopted this style of headgear, and early football helmets were also made of leather. In [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|World War II]], American, Soviet, German, Italian and French flight crews wore leather helmets, the [[Germany|German]] pilots disguising theirs under a beret before disposing of both and switching to cloth caps.{{When|date=April 2013}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2013)">when?</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> The era of the First and Second World Wars also saw a resurgence of metal military helmets, most notably the Brodie helmet and the Stahlhelm.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2019 |title=Why were WWII helmet designs so different by country & which design was the most effective? |url=https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/why-were-wwii-helmet-designs.html |website=War History Online}}</ref> Kwalkwali na zamani suna da aikace-aikace masu yawa, gami da kwalkwali da aka daidaita da takamaiman bukatun yawancin Ayyuka wasanni da yanayin aiki, kuma waɗannan kwalkwali galibi suna haɗa filastik da sauran kayan roba don nauyin su mai sauƙi da ƙarfin shawo kan girgizar ƙasa. Wasu nau'ikan fiber na roba da aka yi amfani da su don yin kwalkwali a cikin karni na 21 sun haɗa da fiber aramid, kamar Kevlar da Twaron . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Materials of Motorcycle Helmets |url=https://thedrivebook.com/most-common-materials-of-motorcycle-helmets/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729211211/https://thedrivebook.com/most-common-materials-of-motorcycle-helmets/ |archive-date=2021-07-29 |access-date= |website= |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwalkwali na mota na tseren sun haɗa da tsarin goyon bayan kai da wuyansa wanda ke riƙe da kwalkwali (da kai) a haɗe da jiki a cikin haɗari mai tsanani. Helmets na nau'o'i daban-daban sun bunkasa a tsawon lokaci. Yawancin kwalkwali na farko suna da amfani da soja, kodayake wasu na iya samun karin bikin fiye da aikace-aikacen yaƙi. Muhimman nau'ikan kwalkwali guda biyu da za su bunkasa a zamanin d ̄ a sune Kwalkwali na Koranti da Roman galea. A lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, an haɓaka kwalkwali daban-daban na soja da wasu kwalkwali na bikin, kusan duk ƙarfe ne. Wasu daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru na zamani sun hada da babban helm, bascinet, frog-mouth helm, da armet. Babban hatimi na Owain Glyndŵr (c. 1359 - c. 1415) ya nuna yarima na [[Wales]] da doki yana sanye da cikakken makamai, dukansu suna sanye da kayan kariya tare da [[Jegare|dragon]] na zinariya na Owain a saman. Wannan ba zai yiwu ba a yaƙi, don haka waɗannan za su kasance na bikin. A cikin karni na 19, an haɗa ƙarin kayan, wato fata, felt da pith. kwalkwali na pith da pickelhaube na fata sun kasance muhimman ci gaba na karni na 19. Babbar fadadawa a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban da abun da ke cikin kwalkwali, duk da haka, ya faru ne a cikin karni na 20, tare da ci gaban kwalkwali na musamman don yawancin aikace-aikacen wasanni da ƙwararru, da kuma zuwan filastik na zamani. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, sojojin Faransa sun haɓaka Kwalkwali na Adrian, Birtaniya sun haɓaka kwalko na Brodie, kuma Jamusawa sun samar da Stahlhelm. [[Fayil:MotoX_Helmet.jpg|thumb|Kwalkwali na motocross tare da tabarau da sandar gemu mai tsawo]] Ci gaban hat din mai wuya don aminci a wurin aiki na iya zama wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar kwalkwali na WWI, kuma sun zama daidaitattun kayan aikin tsaro a wurare masu yawa na aikin gini da wuraren masana'antu. An kuma kirkiro Kwalkwali na jirgin sama a cikin karni na 20. Yawancin kwalkwali na wasanni, gami da kwalkwali, kwalkwali masu bugawa, kwalkoki na hockey, kwalkwalwar wasan cricket, kwalkwali na keke, kwalkuka na kankara, kwalkukan babur da kwalkwallo na tsere, an kuma haɓaka su a cikin karni na 20. Helmets tun daga tsakiyar karni na 20 sau da yawa sun haɗa da filastik mai sauƙi da sauran kayan roba, kuma amfani da su ya zama na musamman sosai. Wasu muhimman abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan sun haɗa da Kwalkwali na SPECTRA na Faransa, kwalkwali mai suna MARTE na Mutanen Espanya ko PASGT na Amurka (wanda ake kira "Kevlar" da sojojin Amurka) da kuma Advanced Combat Helmet, ko ACH. A farkon karni na 21, wasanni / al'adar Catalan na castells sun ga gabatar da kwalkwali ga yara waɗanda suka zama pom de dalt ko matakan uku na castell. An tsara kwalkwali musamman tare da shimfiɗa na waje, don kare yaron yayin da yake rage haɗarin cewa kwalkwali na iya raunata wasu yayin faduwa.<gallery mode="packed" caption="Combat helmets"> Fayil:Cretan_Helmet.jpg|Boar tusk Minoan helmet, 1600–1500 BCE Fayil:Boars's_tusk_helmet_NAMA6568_Athens_Greece1.jpg|Boar tusk Mycenaean helmet, 14th century BCE Fayil:MET_2002_201_3_O1.jpg|Helmet from the Shang Dynasty in [[Sin|China]], 7th century BCE Fayil:Taranto_(forse),_elmo_di_tipo_corinzio_aracico,_650_ac_ca..JPG|Corinthian helmet with detachable horns, circa 650 BCE Fayil:Corinthian_helmet_Denda_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_4330.jpg|Corinthian helmet, 500 BCE Fayil:Greek_-_Chalcidian-Type_Helmet_-_Walters_542468.jpg|Greek Chalcidian helmet, 500 BCE Fayil:Bronze_helmet_of_conical_shape_MET_DP21094.jpg|Greek pilos helmet, 450–425 BCE Fayil:Boeotian_helmet.jpg|Boeotian helmet, 4th century BCE Fayil:Illyrian-Greek_helmet_from_Montenegro_-_Budva_-4th_cBC.png|Greek Illyrian type helmet, 4th century BCE Fayil:Warring_States_Bronze_Helmet.JPG|Helmets from the Warring States period in Eastern Zhou Dynasty, [[Sin|China]], 403 BCE - 221 BCE Fayil:Pletena_helmet.jpg|Thracian helmet, 4th century BCE Fayil:Parade_helmet.jpg|Celtic (Gallic) parade helmet, 350 BCE Fayil:Ancient_bronze_greek_helmet_-South_Italy.jpg|Attic helmet, 350 BCE to 300 BCE Fayil:Phrygian_helmet.jpg|Greek bronze Phrygian helmet, 350 BCE to 300 BCE Fayil:Roman_helmet.jpg|Roman cavalry helmet, 1st century CE Fayil:The_Nijmegen_cavalry_helmet,_an_iron_mask_sheathed_in_bronze_and_silver_discovered_in_1915_on_the_left_bank_of_the_Waal_river_near_Nijmegen,_second_half_of_the_first_century,_Museum_het_Valkhof,_Nijmegen_(Netherlands)_(9569871602).jpg|Roman cavalry helmet Fayil:Southern_&_Northern_Dynasties_Iron_Helmet_(Copy)_(14157543334).jpg|Helmets from Northern and Southern dynasties in [[Sin|China]], 5th-6th century Fayil:The_black_helmet_of_a_Mongolian_army(2).JPG|Black Mongolian helmet Fayil:Khalili_Collection_Islamic_Art_mtw_1415.jpg|alt=Iranian helmet, iron, bronze rivets and gilding.|Iranian, 7th or 8th century CE Spangenhelm Fayil:Inner_Mongolia_Museum_helmet.jpg|Helmet from the Yuan Dynasty in [[Sin|China]], 13th-14th century Fayil:KHM_Wien_A_12_-_Bascinet_by_Master_A,_Milan,_c._1400,_side.jpg|Early 15th century bascinet with ''hounskull'' visor Fayil:Helm_for_the_Joust_of_Peace_(Stechhelm)_MET_DP271142.jpg|15th-century German frog-mouth helm used in jousting Fayil:Helmet_of_Mamluk_Sultan_Qaitbay,_Hermitage_Museum,_St._Petersburg_(37046195461).jpg|Ottoman zischagge helmet, mid-16th century Fayil:German_-_Close_Helmet_of_the_"Maximilian"_Style_-_Walters_51465_-_Profile.jpg|16th century Maximilian style close helmet Fayil:Ming_Helmet,_Dingling_Museum_(9863913536).jpg|Helmet from the Ming Dynasty in [[Sin|China]], 16th-17th century Fayil:Ceremonial_Armors_for_Man_(Dingjia)_and_Horse_MET_36.25.2_001mar2015.jpg|Helmet from the Qing dynasty in [[Sin|China]], 18th century Fayil:Imperial_parcel-gilt_iron_helmet,_Qing_dynasty.jpg|Chinese helmet, 18th century Fayil:Parade_helmet_VandA_M.52-1909.jpg|19th-century Japanese kabuto Fayil:Braunschweigisches_Husaren-Regiment_Nr._17_Totenkopf_Paradehelm_Cut_out.jpg|German Pickelhaube Fayil:Musee-de-lArmee-IMG_0976.jpg|Late 19th-century pith helmet Fayil:Soldiers_Zhejiang_Campaign_1942.jpg|Type 90 helmets worn by the Japanese during the Second World War Fayil:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-089-3779-11A,_Russland,_Hauptmann_mit_Ritterkreuz_Recolored.jpg|A German stahlhelm during World War II Fayil:VMA-311Flight_Helmet.JPG|Vietnam War era Marine squadron VMA-311 flight helmet Fayil:US_soldiers_wearing_the_PASGT_helmet,_Hawaii_(cropped).jpg|PASGT helmet </gallery><gallery mode="packed" caption="Work helmets"> Fayil:Fire_helmet,_c._1893,_leather,_steel_-_Old_Colony_History_Museum_-_Taunton,_Massachusetts_-_DSC03887.jpg|Leather and steel firefighting helmet Fayil:STS-135_Sandy_Magnus_undergoes_a_fit_check_of_her_Sokol_suit.jpg|Astronaut helmet </gallery><gallery mode="packed" caption="Sport helmets"> Fayil:Sporthelme.jpg|Ski helmet (left), paragliding helmet (right) Fayil:Aviakit_Pudding_basin_helmet.jpg|Aviakit motorcyclist "pudding basin" helmet Fayil:White-helmets.jpg|Full face and open face motorcycle helmets Fayil:Hurling_helmet_000_0200.jpg|Hurling/Camogie helmet Fayil:Magnus_Muhrén_2012b.jpg|Magnus Muhrén wearing a bandy helmet Fayil:312_Festa_Major_de_Terrassa,_els_Minyons_de_Terrassa_aixecant_un_castell_a_la_Rambla.jpg|Helmets with soft outer surfaces used by children in castells </gallery> <references /> gasar yadda aka tsara makamai don rarrabe manyan mayaƙa a fagen yaƙi ko a cikin gasa, koda yayin da aka rufe shi da makamai, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa abubuwa mai daraja koyaushe suna haɗa garkuwar da kwalkwali, waɗannan galibi sune sassan da aka fi gani na kayan aikin soja na jarumi. Ayyukan nuna daidaito ta hanyar nuna kwalkwali da aka hana ko kwalkwali na farko ya bayyana a kusa da 1587-1615, <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Arthur Charles Fox-Davies}} P. 319.</ref> kuma yarjejeniyar nuna kwalkoki na matsayi a Ƙasar Ingila, wanda ya shiga cikin al'ada a zamanin Stuart, kamar haka: * Mai mulki: fuska mai launin zinariya (wasan kwaikwayo) da aka sanya helm da aka fuskanta * Kwalkwali na takara: fuskar azurfa da aka bar (wasan) da aka sanya a cikin bayanin martaba * Kwalkwali na Knight ko baronet: kwalkwali na ƙarfe (na farko kwalkwali, daga baya kwalkwali kusa) da aka sanya shi da fuska tare da budewa. * Kwalkwali na Esquire: kwalkwali na ƙarfe da aka sanya a cikin bayanin martaba tare da rufe visor Rubutun makamai na baya sun nuna, duk da haka, cewa an nuna kwalkwali na farko a hanyar da ta dace da salon da ake amfani da shi a cikin soja ko gasar a lokacin. == Dubi kuma == * Kwalkwali na yaki ** Jerin kwalkwali na yaki * Garkuwar fuska * Kwalkwali na mai kashe gobara * Kwalkwali na Allah * Kwallon kwalkwali * Kwalkwali na tashin hankali == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b9uh5y4d2g97nff5tjl9oxuk0e52rim 0 157606 887919 861696 2026-07-26T23:02:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lafiyar al'umma''' tana nufin [[Kula da lafiya|ayyukan kiwon lafiya]] marasa magani waɗanda ake bayarwa a wajen [[Asibiti|asibitoci]] da asibitoci . Lafiyar al'umma wani ɓangare ne na [[lafiyar jama'a]] wanda likitoci ke koyarwa kuma suke aiwatarwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukansu na yau da kullun. Masu sa kai na lafiyar al'umma da ma'aikatan lafiyar al'umma suna aiki tare da [[Kulawa na farko|masu ba da kulawa ta farko]] don sauƙaƙe shiga, fita daga da amfani da tsarin kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun ta hanyar membobin al'umma da kuma samar da ƙarin ayyuka kamar ƙungiyoyin tallafi ko abubuwan jin daɗi waɗanda cibiyoyin lafiya ba sa bayarwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schaaf |first=Marta |last2=Warthin |first2=Caitlin |last3=Freedman |first3=Lynn |last4=Topp |first4=Stephanie M |date=June 2020 |title=The community health worker as service extender, cultural broker and social change agent: a critical interpretive synthesis of roles, intent and accountability |journal=BMJ Global Health |language=en |volume=5 |issue=6 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002296 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=7299037 |pmid=32546585}}</ref> Lafiyar al'umma babban fanni ne na nazari a cikin kimiyyar likitanci da ta asibiti wanda ke mai da hankali kan kiyayewa, kariya, da inganta yanayin lafiyar ƙungiyoyin jama'a da al'ummomi, musamman waɗanda ke cikin al'ummomin da ba su da galihu. Wani fanni ne na musamman na karatu wanda za a iya koyarwa a cikin wata makaranta daban ta kiwon lafiyar jama'a ko [[Kula da lafiya na rigakafi|kiwon lafiya na rigakafi]] . [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta bayyana lafiyar al'umma a matsayin:<blockquote>Albarkatun muhalli, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki don ci gaba da jin daɗin motsin rai da na jiki tsakanin mutane ta hanyoyin da za su ciyar da burinsu gaba da kuma biyan buƙatunsu a cikin muhallinsu na musamman. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lasker |first=Roz D. |last2=Weiss |first2=Elisa S. |date=2003-03-01 |title=Broadening participation in community problem solving: A multidisciplinary model to support collaborative practice and research |journal=Journal of Urban Health |language=en |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=14–47 |doi=10.1093/jurban/jtg014 |issn=1468-2869 |pmc=3456118 |pmid=12612096}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2024)">tabbacin da ya gaza</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup></blockquote>Ana iya rarraba hanyoyin magance matsalolin lafiya da ke faruwa a cikin al'ummomi zuwa rukuni uku: Kulawa ta farko, Kulawa ta biyu, da Kulawa ta gaba. Kowane rukuni yana mai da hankali kan wani mataki daban da kuma hanyar da za a bi wajen magance al'umma ko ƙungiyar jama'a. A Amurka, lafiyar al'umma ta samo asali ne daga nasarorin da aka samu a fannin kiwon lafiya na farko. Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na farko suna da nufin rage abubuwan haɗari da kuma ƙara haɓaka kiwon lafiya da rigakafi. Kulawa ta biyu tana da alaƙa da "kula da asibiti" inda ake kula da marasa lafiya a wani sashe na asibiti. Kulawa ta gaba tana nufin kulawa ta musamman wacce galibi ta shafi kula da cututtuka ko nakasa. An rarraba ayyukan kiwon lafiya na al'umma zuwa rukuni-rukuni, ciki har da: # Ayyukan kiwon lafiya na rigakafi kamar su chemoprophylaxis don tarin fuka, [[Binciken Ciwon Daji|gwajin cutar kansa]] da kuma maganin [[ciwon suga]] da [[hawan jini]] . # Tallafawa ayyukan kiwon lafiya kamar ilimin lafiya, tsarin iyali, allurar rigakafi da kuma ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. # Ayyukan kiwon lafiya na warkarwa kamar maganin ƙwari, kamuwa da ƙwari, zazzabin [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|cizon sauro]] da [[ciwon huhu]] . # Ayyukan kiwon lafiya na gyara jiki kamar samar da kayan gyaran fata, ayyukan zamantakewa, ayyukan sana'a, [[Gyaran jiki|ayyukan motsa jiki]], ba da shawara da sauran ayyukan kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa. == Ma'aikatan lafiya da masu sa kai na al'umma == '''Ma'aikatan lafiyar al'umma''' (wanda aka fi sani da mataimakan lafiyar al'umma da jami'an lafiyar al'umma) ma'aikatan lafiyar jama'a ne na gida waɗanda suka fahimci buƙatun lafiyar al'ummarsu da ƙalubalensu. Suna aiki a matsayin gada tsakanin al'ummarsu da tsarin kiwon lafiya na gida don tabbatar da ingantaccen sabis da ƙwarewa a al'ada. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-01 |title=Community Health Worker Resources {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/center/community-health-worker-resources.html |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=www.cdc.gov}}</ref> Suna da cancantar sana'a, ƙwarewa ko ilimi wanda ke ba su damar samar da ayyuka na horo, kulawa, gudanarwa, koyarwa da bincike a sassan kiwon lafiya na al'umma. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenthal |first=E. Lee |last2=Brownstein |first2=J. Nell |last3=Rush |first3=Carl H. |last4=Hirsch |first4=Gail R. |last5=Willaert |first5=Anne M. |last6=Scott |first6=Jacqueline R. |last7=Holderby |first7=Lisa R. |last8=Fox |first8=Durrell J. |date=July 2010 |title=Community Health Workers: Part Of The Solution |url=http://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0081 |journal=Health Affairs |volume=29 |issue=7 |pages=1338–1342 |doi=10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0081 |issn=0278-2715 |pmid=20606185 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> '''Masu aikin sa kai na kiwon lafiya na al'umma''' membobin al'umma ne waɗanda ke da gogewa da horo kan matsalolin lafiya da ke addabar al'ummarsu da kuma ayyukan kulawa da ake da su, domin gano da kuma haɗa waɗanda ke cikin buƙata da masu samar da sabis na gida. Ana iya kiran masu aikin sa kai na lafiyar al'umma da lakabi daban-daban dangane da tsarin lafiyar yankinsu; waɗannan lakabin na iya haɗawa da ma'aikatan lafiya na yau da kullun, masu aikin sa kai na kiwon lafiya, wakilan kiwon lafiya na ƙauye, masu samar da kiwon lafiya marasa ƙwarewa, da kuma wakilan kiwon lafiya na ƙauye. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woldie |first=Mirkuzie |last2=Feyissa |first2=Garumma Tolu |last3=Admasu |first3=Bitiya |last4=Hassen |first4=Kalkidan |last5=Mitchell |first5=Kirstin |last6=Mayhew |first6=Susannah |last7=McKee |first7=Martin |last8=Balabanova |first8=Dina |date=2018-12-01 |title=Community health volunteers could help improve access to and use of essential health services by communities in LMICs: an umbrella review |url=https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/33/10/1128/5259361 |journal=Health Policy and Planning |volume=33 |issue=10 |pages=1128–1143 |doi=10.1093/heapol/czy094 |issn=0268-1080 |pmc=6415721 |pmid=30590543}}</ref> Masu aikin sa kai na kiwon lafiya na al'umma suna ba da ayyuka na asali kamar rarraba ƙwayoyin chlorine na ruwa, gidajen sauro da kayan [[Ilimi na kiwon lafiya|koyar da lafiya]] . Za su shiga ko yin aiki tare da likitocin da suka yi rijista idan suka haɗu da marasa lafiya ko marasa lafiya da ke murmurewa ko waɗanda ke da buƙatu masu rikitarwa ko na ci gaba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> '''Kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya na al'umma''' ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta kuma mai zaman kanta wadda ke gudanarwa da kuma daidaita isar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya ga mutanen da ke zaune a cikin wani yanki ko unguwa da aka keɓe. Yana taimaka wa mutane su fahimci matsayinsu na lafiya ko yanayin zamantakewa. Samar da shawarwari ga waɗanda ke buƙatar hakan da kuma gudanar da ƙungiyoyi da tarurruka daban-daban da mutanen da ke cikin al'umma. Muhimmin aikin shine kare haƙƙoƙi da muradun membobin al'ummarsu. Suna wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan da suka shafi al'ummarsu ta hanyar bincike, tattaunawa da kuma yin amfani da manufofi da shirye-shiryen da ke magance waɗannan matsalolin. == Auna Lafiyar Al'umma == Gabaɗaya ana auna lafiyar al'umma ta hanyar tsarin bayanai na ƙasa (GIS) da bayanan alƙaluma . Ana iya amfani da Tsarin Bayanai na Ƙasa don bayyana ƙananan al'ummomi lokacin da bayanan wurin unguwa bai isa ba. A al'ada, ana auna lafiyar al'umma ta amfani da bayanan samfuri wanda aka kwatanta shi da sanannun bayanan bayanai, kamar Binciken Hira da Lafiya na Ƙasa ko Binciken Gwajin Lafiya da Abinci Mai Gina Jiki na Ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chapter 36. Introduction to Evaluation {{!}} Community Tool Box |url=https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/evaluate/evaluation |access-date=2018-03-05 |website=ctb.ku.edu}}</ref> Tare da ci gaban fasaha, tsarin bayanai na iya adana ƙarin bayanai ga ƙananan al'ummomi, birane, da garuruwa; sabanin bayanan ƙidayar jama'a waɗanda ke tattara bayanai game da ƙananan al'ummomi kawai bisa ga yawan jama'a. GIS na iya bayar da ƙarin bayani game da albarkatun al'umma, har ma a matakan unguwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pearce J, Witten K, Bartie P |date=May 2006 |title=Neighbourhoods and health: a GIS approach to measuring community resource accessibility |journal=Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health |volume=60 |issue=5 |pages=389–95 |doi=10.1136/jech.2005.043281 |pmc=2563982 |pmid=16614327}}</ref> Sauƙin amfani da GIS, ci gaba a cikin ƙididdiga masu matakai da yawa, da hanyoyin nazarin sarari suna sauƙaƙa wa masu bincike su samo da samar da bayanai da suka shafi [[Yanayin da aka gina|muhallin da aka gina]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Thornton LE, Pearce JR, Kavanagh AM |date=July 2011 |title=Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess the role of the built environment in influencing obesity: a glossary |journal=The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity |volume=8 |page=71 |doi=10.1186/1479-5868-8-71 |pmc=3141619 |pmid=21722367 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|Kafofin sada zumunta]] na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nazarin bayanai kan lafiya . <ref name="Korda-2013">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Korda H, Itani Z |date=January 2013 |title=Harnessing social media for health promotion and behavior change |journal=Health Promotion Practice |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=15–23 |doi=10.1177/1524839911405850 |pmid=21558472 |s2cid=510123}}</ref> Bincike ya gano cewa kafofin sada zumunta na iya rinjayar mutane su canza halayensu marasa kyau da kuma ƙarfafa hanyoyin da za su iya inganta yanayin lafiya. <ref name="Korda-2013" /> Ƙididdigar kafofin sada zumunta tare da GIS na iya samar wa masu bincike cikakken hoto na ƙa'idodin al'umma game da lafiya da walwala. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stefanidis |first=Anthony |last2=Crooks |first2=Andrew |last3=Radzikowski |first3=Jacek |name-list-style=vanc |date=2013-04-01 |title=Harvesting ambient geospatial information from social media feeds |journal=GeoJournal |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=319–338 |bibcode=2013GeoJo..78..319S |citeseerx=10.1.1.452.3726 |doi=10.1007/s10708-011-9438-2 |issn=0343-2521 |s2cid=154991480}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ghosh DD, Guha R |date=2013 |title=What are we 'tweeting' about obesity? Mapping tweets with Topic Modeling and Geographic Information System |journal=Cartography and Geographic Information Science |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=90–102 |bibcode=2013CGISc..40...90G |doi=10.1080/15230406.2013.776210 |pmc=4128420 |pmid=25126022}}</ref> == Nau'o'in Lafiyar Al'umma == === Kula da Lafiya ta Farko da Rigakafin Farko === [[Fayil:Mothers_registering_their_children_during_immunization_at_primary_health_center_in_Masaka.jpg|alt=An image of mothers registering their children during immunization at primary health center in Masaka|thumb|233x233px|'''Iyaye mata suna yi wa 'ya'yansu rijista yayin allurar rigakafi a cibiyar lafiya ta farko da ke Masaka, Uganda''']] Inganta lafiyar al'umma yana mai da hankali kan [[Kula da lafiya na rigakafi|Rigakafin Farko]] da kuma hangen nesa na yawan jama'a (rigakafin gargajiya). <ref name="pmid12660197">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Merzel C, D'Afflitti J |date=April 2003 |title=Reconsidering community-based health promotion: promise, performance, and potential |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=557–74 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.93.4.557 |pmc=1447790 |pmid=12660197}}</ref> Manufar Lafiyar Al'umma ita ce mutane a cikin wata al'umma su inganta salon rayuwarsu ko kuma su nemi kulawar likita. [[Kula da lafiya na farko|Kula da Lafiyar Farko]] [[Kwararre a fannin lafiya|kwararru]] ne ke samar da shi, musamman waɗanda majiyyaci ya fara gani waɗanda za su iya tura su zuwa kula da sakandare ko sakandare. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Rigakafin farko yana nufin gujewa da gano abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari da wuri waɗanda ka iya haifar da wasu cututtuka da nakasa. Ƙoƙarin da al'umma ke yi, ciki har da [[Yin allurar rigakafi|rigakafi]], koyar da aji, da kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a, duk misalai ne masu kyau na yadda al'ummomi ke amfani da dabarun rigakafi na farko don canza wasu halayen lafiya. Shirye-shiryen rigakafi, idan aka tsara su da kyau kuma aka tsara su, za su iya hana matsalolin da yara da matasa ke fuskanta yayin da suke girma. <ref name="Nation_2003">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nation M, Crusto C, Wandersman A, Kumpfer KL, Seybolt D, Morrissey-Kane E, Davino K |date=2003 |title=What works in prevention. Principles of effective prevention programs |journal=The American Psychologist |volume=58 |issue=6–7 |pages=449–56 |citeseerx=10.1.1.468.7226 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.58.6-7.449 |pmid=12971191}}</ref> Wannan binciken ya kuma shafi dukkan ƙungiyoyi da azuzuwan mutane. Shirye-shiryen rigakafi suna ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin da ƙwararrun lafiya za su iya amfani da su don yin tasiri sosai ga lafiyar mutum ɗaya, al'umma, da al'umma. <ref name="Nation_2003" /> === Kula da Lafiya na Sakandare da Rigakafi na Sakandare === Haka kuma ana iya inganta lafiyar al'umma ta hanyar inganta muhallin mutane. Ana tantance yanayin lafiyar al'umma ta hanyar halayen muhalli, halayen halayya, da haɗin kai a cikin muhallin wannan al'umma. <ref name="Barbara.-1998">{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Canje-canje masu dacewa a cikin muhalli na iya taimakawa wajen hana halaye marasa kyau da kuma mummunan sakamako na lafiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gan |first=Daniel R. Y. |last2=Cheng |first2=Grand H.-L. |last3=Ng |first3=Tze Pin |last4=Gwee |first4=Xinyi |last5=Soh |first5=Chang Yuan |last6=Fung |first6=John Chye |last7=Cho |first7=Im Sik |date=2022-03-20 |title=Neighborhood Makes or Breaks Active Ageing? Findings from Cross-Sectional Path Analysis |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |language=en |volume=19 |issue=6 |page=3695 |doi=10.3390/ijerph19063695 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=8951008 |pmid=35329380 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Kula da lafiya na rigakafi|Rigakafin na biyu]] yana nufin ingantawa da aka yi a salon rayuwa ko muhallin majiyyaci bayan kamuwa da cuta ko nakasa. Wannan nau'in rigakafin yana aiki don sauƙaƙa wa majiyyaci rayuwa tunda lokaci ya yi da za a hana shi kamuwa da cutar ko nakasa da yake fama da ita a yanzu. Misalin rigakafin na biyu shine lokacin da aka ba wa waɗanda ke fama da ciwon baya na aiki dabarun dakatar da yanayin lafiyarsu daga tabarbarewa; yuwuwar rigakafin na biyu na iya zama da alƙawari fiye da rigakafin farko a wannan yanayin. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Frank JW, Brooker AS, DeMaio SE, Kerr MS, Maetzel A, Shannon HS, Sullivan TJ, Norman RW, Wells RP |date=December 1996 |title=Disability resulting from occupational low back pain. Part II: What do we know about secondary prevention? A review of the scientific evidence on prevention after disability begins |journal=Spine |volume=21 |issue=24 |pages=2918–29 |doi=10.1097/00007632-199612150-00025 |pmid=9112717}}</ref> === Kula da Lafiya na Manyan Makarantu === A [[Kula da lafiya|fannin kula da lafiya na manyan makarantu]], lafiyar al'umma za ta iya shafar ta ne kawai idan aka yi la'akari da kulawar kwararru da ta shafi dukkan al'umma. Ya kamata a tura marasa lafiya zuwa ga kwararru kuma a yi musu magani mai zurfi. A wasu ƙasashe, akwai ƙananan fannoni na sana'o'in likitanci fiye da ƙwararrun kula da lafiya na farko. <ref name="Barbara.-1998"/> [[Daidaitaccen lafiya|Rashin daidaito a fannin lafiya]] yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da fa'idar zamantakewa da albarkatun zamantakewa. <ref name="Barbara.-1998" /> == Kalubale da matsaloli a fannin lafiyar al'umma == Rikicewar lafiyar al'umma da matsalolinta daban-daban na iya sa masu bincike su yi wa kansu wahala wajen tantancewa da gano mafita. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hohmann |first=Ann A. |last2=Shear |first2=M. Katherine |date=2002-02-01 |title=Community-Based Intervention Research: Coping With the "Noise" of Real Life in Study Design |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=159 |issue=2 |pages=201–207 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.2.201 |issn=0002-953X |pmid=11823259}}</ref> Binciken Shiga Tsakanin Al'umma (CBPR) wani zaɓi ne na musamman wanda ya haɗa da shiga tsakanin al'umma, bincike, da aiki. <ref name="Minkler-2005">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Minkler M |date=June 2005 |title=Community-based research partnerships: challenges and opportunities |journal=Journal of Urban Health |volume=82 |issue=2 Suppl 2 |pages=ii3-12 |doi=10.1093/jurban/jti034 |pmc=3456439 |pmid=15888635}}</ref> Binciken Shiga Tsakanin Al'umma (CBPR) yana taimaka wa masu bincike wajen magance matsalolin al'umma da ido mai faɗi kuma yana aiki tare da mutanen al'umma don nemo hanyoyin da suka dace da al'adu, inganci, da kuma inganci. <ref name="Minkler-2005" /> Lafiyar al'umma kuma tana buƙatar sadarwa mai haske don magance matsalolin lafiya, rashin daidaito, da rikitarwa yadda ya kamata. Sadarwar lafiya ita ce manufar da ke amfani da shaidar sadarwa, dabaru, ka'ida, da kerawa don haɓaka halaye, manufofi, da ayyukan da ke haɓaka lafiya da walwalar mutane da al'ummomi. Sadarwar kula da lafiya za a iya iyakance ta da wasu abubuwa kaɗan, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci a gane don amfani da ayyukan kiwon lafiyar al'umma mafi kyau. Don fahimtar da samar da lafiyar al'umma daga hangen nesa na mai bayarwa da mabukaci, iyakoki a cikin ra'ayoyi kamar rikitarwar kimiyya ko rashin tabbas. Lokacin amfani da misali kamar lafiyar muhalli, rikitarwar kimiyya za a iya taƙaita ta da haɗarin lafiyar muhalli wanda galibi ya ƙunshi ra'ayoyin kimiyya masu rikitarwa waɗanda za su iya zama da wahalar fahimta ga wani ba tare da ilimin fasaha da aka samu daga horo na musamman ko ilimi ba. Amfani da harshe mai sauƙi da kayan aikin gani yana taimakawa wajen sauƙaƙe bayanai masu rikitarwa da haɓaka isa ga jama'a. Rashin tabbas a cikin lafiyar al'umma yana wanzu lokacin da fahimtar kimiyya game da [[Lafiyar muhalli|haɗarin lafiyar muhalli]] na iya zama ba cikakke ko rashin tabbas. Sanin cikakkun bayanai game da yadda al'ummomi ke aiki, musamman ga mutum ɗaya, kuma yana iya taka rawa wajen fahimtar mafi kyau da kuma bayar da cikakken bayyananne game da iyakokin ilimi da ƙoƙarin bincike mai gudana. Dole ne a ɗauki matakan rigakafi don hana bayanai marasa tushe a lokacin rashin tabbas domin yana iya haifar da mummunan yanayi kamar yadda aka gani a lokacin annobar COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cuan-Baltazar |first=Jose Yunam |last2=Muñoz-Perez |first2=Maria José |last3=Robledo-Vega |first3=Carolina |last4=Pérez-Zepeda |first4=Maria Fernanda |last5=Soto-Vega |first5=Elena |date=2020-04-09 |title=Misinformation of COVID-19 on the Internet: Infodemiology Study |url=https://publichealth.jmir.org/2020/2/e18444 |journal=JMIR Public Health and Surveillance |language=EN |volume=6 |issue=2 |doi=10.2196/18444 |pmc=7147328 |pmid=32250960 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Rudani da rashin tabbas na kimiyya ra'ayoyi ne da za su iya sa ya yi wuya a fahimci muhalli kuma su takaita sadarwa mai ma'ana game da lafiyar jama'a. Misalan nasarorin shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na al'umma na iya haɗawa da ayyukan magance matsalolin da ke rikitar da batun. Misali, haɓakawa don fahimta, da kuma shirye-shiryen da ke aiki don magance matsalolin lafiya da aka riga aka amince da su a kowace al'umma. Marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewar Turanci musamman suna fama da rashin samun lafiya da kuma komawa zuwa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na al'umma. Lafiyar al'umma tana ɗauke da nauyin yi wa irin waɗannan marasa lafiya hidima. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goodman |first=Richard A. |last2=Bunnell |first2=Rebecca |last3=Posner |first3=Samuel F. |date=October 2014 |title=What is "community health"? Examining the meaning of an evolving field in public health |journal=Preventive Medicine |language=en |volume=67 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S58–S61 |doi=10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.028 |pmc=5771402 |pmid=25069043}}</ref> Akwai buƙatar saka hannun jari sosai a cikin ma'aikatan fassara (a adadi da inganci), barin waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewar Turanci sosai su san ƙarin game da haƙƙinsu da ake da su a yanzu, hanyoyin shari'a da za su iya bi idan ba a samar da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ba, da kuma ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da sadarwa ba tare da magana ba. Dokar Zartarwa ta 13166 (2000), mai taken Inganta Samun Ayyuka ga Mutanen da Ba su da Ƙwarewar Turanci Mai Iyaka, ta ba da ci gaba da ilimi ga ƙwararrun likitoci, ba da takardar shaidar masu fassara na kiwon lafiya, da kuma biyan kuɗin ayyukan harshe ga waɗanda suka yi rajista a Shirin Inshorar Lafiya na Yara na Medicaid/State (SCHIP) don magance matsalolin cibiyoyi game da shingayen harshe a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiyarmu na yanzu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chieh Li |first=EdD |last2=Noora Son |first2=BA Abdulkerim |last3=Cara A. Jordan |first3=B. S. |last4=Christine Ga Eun Son |first4=B. A. |date=2017-07-31 |title=Overcoming Communication Barriers to Healthcare for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Patients |url=https://najms.com/index.php/najms/article/view/357 |journal=North American Journal of Medicine and Science |language=en |volume=10 |issue=3 |issn=2156-2342}}</ref> Wata hanyar da aka bi ita ce gwamnatocin ƙananan hukumomi suna haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyoyin al'umma, kamar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Gundumar Alameda da Cibiyar Al'umma ta Koriya ta Gabas (KCCEB) don ƙirƙirar RICE, Haɗin gwiwar 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Baƙi don Ƙarfafawa, haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na kabilu da harsuna da yawa suka tattara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kurlander |first=Dana |last2=Lam |first2=Amy G. |last3=Dawson-Hahn |first3=Elizabeth |last4=de Acosta |first4=Diego |date=2023-10-17 |title=Advocating for language equity: a community-public health partnership |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |volume=11 |bibcode=2023FrPH...1145849K |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2023.1245849 |issn=2296-2565 |pmc=10616868 |pmid=37915815 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sun haɗu a shekarar 2020 a lokacin da annobar ta yi tsanani domin tallafawa gwajin COVID-19 da kuma ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da allurar riga-kafi da kuma samun damar shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin harsuna 16. Sauran batutuwan sun haɗa da samun damar kula da lafiya da kuma kuɗin kula da lafiya. Mafi yawan ƙasashen duniya ba su da isasshen inshorar lafiya. A ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi, ƙasa da kashi 40% na jimillar kuɗaɗen kiwon lafiya gwamnatoci ne ke biyan su. <ref name="WHO-2016" /> A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], Dokar Kulawa Mai Sauƙi (ACA) ta canza yadda cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na al'umma ke aiki da manufofin da aka tsara, wanda hakan ya yi tasiri sosai ga lafiyar al'umma. <ref name="Rosenbaum-2010">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rosenbaum SJ, Shin P, Jones E, Tolbert J |date=2010 |title=Community Health Centers: Opportunities and Challenges of Health Reform |url=https://hsrc.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/sphhs_policy_facpubs/199/ |journal=Health Sciences Research Commons}}</ref> ACA ta shafi cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na al'umma kai tsaye ta hanyar ƙara kuɗaɗen shiga, faɗaɗa inshorar Medicaid, gyara tsarin biyan Medicaid, ware dala biliyan 1.5 don ƙara yawan ma'aikata da haɓaka horo. <ref name="Rosenbaum-2010" /> Har yanzu ana nazarin tasirin, mahimmanci, da nasarar Dokar Kulawa Mai Sauƙi kuma za ta yi babban tasiri kan yadda tabbatar da lafiya zai iya shafar ƙa'idodin al'umma kan lafiya da lafiyar mutum ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of Community Health Workers, NHLBI, NIH |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/education/heart-truth/CHW}}</ref> Bambancin kabilanci a yanayin lafiya tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban shi ma abin damuwa ne. Shigowar haɗin gwiwar al'umma na iya kawo fa'idodi ga wannan ɓangaren na al'umma. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anderson LM, Adeney KL, Shinn C, Safranek S, Buckner-Brown J, Krause LK |date=15 June 2015 |title=Community coalition-driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2015 |issue=6 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009905.pub2 |pmc=10656573 |pmid=26075988}}</ref> Wannan kuma ya shafi amfani da harshe, inda sakamakon wani bita na tsari na 2019 ya gano cewa marasa lafiya da ke da ƙarancin ƙwarewar Turanci waɗanda suka sami kulawa daga likitoci waɗanda ke magana da yaren da majiyyaci ya fi so gabaɗaya sun sami ingantattun sakamako na lafiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Diamond |first=Lisa |last2=Izquierdo |first2=Karen |last3=Canfield |first3=Dana |last4=Matsoukas |first4=Konstantina |last5=Gany |first5=Francesca |date=2019 |title=A Systematic Review of the Impact of Patient–Physician Non-English Language Concordance on Quality of Care and Outcomes |journal=Journal of General Internal Medicine |volume=34 |issue=8 |pages=1591–1606 |doi=10.1007/s11606-019-04847-5 |issn=0884-8734 |pmc=6667611 |pmid=31147980}}</ref> == Kudurin kiwon lafiya na al'umma == Kowace al'umma ta bambanta kuma ya kamata ta ƙirƙiri nata Tsarin Inganta Lafiyar Al'umma (CHIP). CHIP ya ƙunshi gano matsaloli da kuma zagayawan fifiko tare da zagayawan nazari da aiwatarwa. Dabaru guda biyar da ke taimakawa tsarin CHIP sune inganta lafiyar al'umma da walwala; shigar al'umma, jajircewar siyasa; manufofin jama'a masu lafiya; haɗin gwiwa tsakanin sassa daban-daban; da kuma ci gaban al'umma bisa kadara. Hanyar da ta dogara da kadara ta ƙunshi ƙarfafa mutane da al'ummomi ta hanyar mai da hankali kan ƙarfin al'umma tare da ƙwarewar mutane. <ref name="Health 1997" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to build healthy communities? {{!}} PlanH |url=https://planh.ca/big-picture/how-build-healthy-communities#:~:text=How%20to%20build%20healthy%20communities?%201%20Community%20Involvement.,Public%20Policy.%20...%205%20Asset-Based%20Community%20Development. |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=planh.ca |archive-date=2022-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327151332/https://planh.ca/big-picture/how-build-healthy-communities#:~:text=How%20to%20build%20healthy%20communities?%201%20Community%20Involvement.,Public%20Policy.%20...%205%20Asset-Based%20Community%20Development. |url-status=dead }}</ref> CDC ta bayyana cewa "Mutanen da ke cikin koshin lafiya, suna da allurar riga-kafi mai kyau, suna da damar samun ayyukan asibiti da magunguna, kuma sun san inda za su sami bayanai game da lafiyarsu da gaggawa game da gaggawa suna ƙirƙirar al'umma mafi kyau fiye da waɗanda ke da rashin lafiya kuma ba su fahimci inda za su sami magani da magani mai kyau ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2015 |title=A Healthy Community is a Prepared Community {{!}} Blogs {{!}} CDC |url=https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2015/09/a-healthy-community-is-a-prepared-community/ |access-date=2022-05-17 |archive-date=2022-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306144434/https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2015/09/a-healthy-community-is-a-prepared-community/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tsarin Matsala, Ganowa, da Fifiko yana da matakai uku da ke taimakawa al'umma, wacce ke kafa kawancen lafiya, tattarawa da nazarin bayanai don bayanin lafiya, da kuma gano matsalolin lafiya masu mahimmanci. Ana kuma rarraba bayanan da aka tattara ga al'umma don taimakawa wajen yanke shawara mai mahimmanci. Tsarin Bincike da Aiwatarwa wanda ke taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin lafiyar al'umma ta hanyar nazarin matsalar lafiya, kafa albarkatu, ƙirƙirar dabarun inganta lafiya tare da albarkatun, da kuma rarraba nauyi a cikin al'umma. Ana nazarin batutuwa da yawa tare don tantance wanne ne mafi mahimmanci. A ƙarshe, an aiwatar da ikon yin aiki, an ware isassun kuɗi kuma an fitar da damar samun bayanai domin membobin al'umma su sake dubawa da kuma motsa yadda ya kamata. <ref name="Health 1997" /> == Lafiyar al'umma a Kudancin Duniya == Samun damar samun lafiyar al'umma a Kudancin Duniya yana tasiri ne ta hanyar isa ga yanayin ƙasa (nisa daga wurin isar da sabis zuwa ga mai amfani), samuwa (nau'in kulawa mai kyau, mai ba da sabis, da kayan aiki), samun kuɗi (sha'awar da ikon masu amfani don siyan ayyuka), da kuma karɓuwa (amsawar masu samar da sabis ga ƙa'idodin zamantakewa da al'adu na masu amfani da al'ummominsu). '''<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Peters DH, Garg A, Bloom G, Walker DG, Brieger WR, Rahman MH |date=2008-07-25 |title=Poverty and access to health care in developing countries |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=1136 |issue=1 |pages=161–71 |bibcode=2008NYASA1136..161P |doi=10.1196/annals.1425.011 |pmid=17954679 |s2cid=24649523 |doi-access=free}}</ref>''' Yayin da sauyin cututtuka ke canza nauyin cutar daga kamuwa zuwa yanayin da ba ya yaɗuwa a ƙasashe masu tasowa, wannan sauyi har yanzu yana cikin matakin farko a sassan Kudancin Duniya kamar Kudancin Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Orach |first=Christopher |date=October 2009 |title=Health equity: challenges in low income countries |journal=African Health Sciences |volume=9 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=549–551 |pmc=2877288 |pmid=20589106}}</ref> Abubuwa biyu a ƙasashe masu tasowa sun haifar da " tarkon talauci na likita" ga al'ummomin da ba su da isasshen kulawa a Kudancin Duniya - gabatar da kuɗin masu amfani don ayyukan kiwon lafiya na jama'a da haɓaka kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa don ayyukan masu zaman kansu. '''<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Whitehead M, Dahlgren G, Evans T |date=September 2001 |title=Equity and health sector reforms: can low-income countries escape the medical poverty trap? |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(01)05975-X/abstract |journal=Lancet |volume=358 |issue=9284 |pages=833–6 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05975-X |pmid=11564510 |s2cid=263382 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>''' Al'ummomin masu ƙarancin kuɗi da matsakaitan masu kuɗi a Kudancin Duniya suna ƙara amfani da ɓangaren kiwon lafiya mai zaman kansa don yanayi kamar zazzabin cizon sauro, tarin fuka, da cututtukan da ake yaɗawa ta hanyar jima'i. <ref name="Zwi-2001">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zwi AB, Brugha R, Smith E |date=September 2001 |title=Private health care in developing countries |journal=BMJ |volume=323 |issue=7311 |pages=463–4 |doi=10.1136/bmj.323.7311.463 |pmc=1121065 |pmid=11532823}}</ref> Kula da masu zaman kansu yana da alaƙa da sauƙin shiga, gajerun lokutan jira, da zaɓi mafi girma. Masu samar da ayyuka masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke yi wa al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi hidima galibi ba su da ƙwarewa kuma ba su da horo. Wasu masu tsara manufofi suna ba da shawarar gwamnatoci a ƙasashe masu tasowa su yi amfani da masu samar da ayyuka masu zaman kansu don cire alhakin gwamnati daga samar da ayyuka. <ref name="Zwi-2001" /> Sau da yawa ana amfani da ci gaban al'umma a matsayin wani shiri na kula da lafiyar jama'a don ƙarfafa al'ummomi su sami dogaro da kansu da kuma iko kan abubuwan da ke shafar lafiyarsu. <ref name="Hossain-2004">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hossain SM, Bhuiya A, Khan AR, Uhaa I |date=April 2004 |title=Community development and its impact on health: South Asian experience |journal=BMJ |volume=328 |issue=7443 |pages=830–3 |doi=10.1136/bmj.328.7443.830 |pmc=383386 |pmid=15070644}}</ref> Ma'aikatan lafiyar al'umma suna iya amfani da gogewarsu ta kai tsaye, ko ilimin gida, don ƙara wa bayanan da masana kimiyya da masu tsara manufofi ke amfani da su yayin tsara hanyoyin magance matsalolin lafiya. An nuna cewa shiga tsakani da ma'aikatan lafiyar al'umma yana inganta samun damar kula da lafiya ta farko da ingancin kulawa a ƙasashe masu tasowa ta hanyar rage yawan rashin abinci mai gina jiki, inganta lafiyar uwa da yara da rigakafi da kuma kula da HIV/AIDS. <ref name="Javanparast-2018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Javanparast S, Windle A, Freeman T, Baum F |date=July 2018 |title=Community Health Worker Programs to Improve Healthcare Access and Equity: Are They Only Relevant to Low- and Middle-Income Countries? |journal=International Journal of Health Policy and Management |volume=7 |issue=10 |pages=943–954 |doi=10.15171/ijhpm.2018.53 |pmc=6186464 |pmid=30316247}}</ref> An kuma nuna cewa ma'aikatan lafiyar al'umma suna haɓaka kula da cututtuka na yau da kullun ta hanyar inganta sakamakon asibiti na marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon suga, hawan jini, da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. <ref name="Javanparast-2018" /> Mazauna yankunan karkara a Kudancin Duniya suna fuskantar barazanar cututtuka masu yaduwa, yanayin da ba ya yaɗuwa, da raunuka sakamakon tashin hankali da haɗuran ababen hawa a kan tituna. <ref name="Corburn-2017">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Corburn J, Sverdlik A |date=March 2017 |title=Slum Upgrading and Health Equity |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=14 |issue=4 |page=342 |doi=10.3390/ijerph14040342 |pmc=5409543 |pmid=28338613 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Haɓaka yankunan karkara masu manufofi da yawa a cikin birane yana inganta abubuwan da ke haifar da zamantakewa waɗanda ke tsara sakamakon lafiya kamar gidaje masu aminci, samun abinci, haƙƙin siyasa da jinsi, ilimi, da matsayin aiki. An yi ƙoƙari don shigar da talakawan birni cikin tsara ayyuka da aiwatar da manufofi. Ta hanyar haɓaka yankunan karkara, jihohi sun fahimci kuma sun amince da haƙƙin talakawan birane da buƙatar samar da ayyuka na asali. Haɓakawa na iya bambanta daga ƙananan ayyuka na musamman ga sassa (misali famfo na ruwa, hanyoyin da aka shimfida) zuwa ayyukan gidaje da kayayyakin more rayuwa (misali ruwan bututu, magudanar ruwa). Sauran ayyukan sun haɗa hulɗar muhalli da shirye-shiryen zamantakewa da ƙarfafa siyasa. Kwanan nan, ayyukan haɓaka yankunan karkara sun kasance masu ƙaranci don hana ƙaura daga mazauna yayin gyare-gyare da kuma kula da damuwar da ke tasowa game da daidaita sauyin yanayi. Ta hanyar halatta mazauna unguwannin talakawa da kuma 'yancinsu na zama, haɓaka unguwannin talakawa madadin cire unguwannin talakawa ne kuma tsari ne wanda a cikinsa zai iya magance matsalolin tsarin lafiyar jama'a. <ref name="Corburn-2017" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e82bicfjwd0w17oy5aw7qnkbcsef9ww 0 157800 887980 858230 2026-07-27T06:36:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} "Littattafai daga Beyond" shi ne karo na uku na kakar wasa ta farko ta jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Amurka mai ban tsoro ''Ash vs Evil Dead'', wanda ke aiki a matsayin ci gaba da Evil Dead trilogy. Mai gabatarwa Sean Clements ne ya rubuta labarin, kuma Michael J. Bassett ne ya ba da umarni. Da farko an watsa shi a tashar Starz a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2015. The series is set 30 years after the events of the ''Evil Dead'' trilogy, and follows Ash Williams, who now works at the "Value Stop" as a simple stock boy. Having spent his life not doing anything remarkable since the events of the trilogy, Ash will have to renounce his routine existence and become a hero once more by taking up arms and facing the titular Evil Dead. In the episode, Ash, Pablo and Kelly visit Books from Beyond, hoping to find a way to stop evil. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 0.383 million household viewers and gained a 0.16 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episodes received positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances, prosthethic makeup, special effects and character development. == Plot == Ruby (Lucy Lawless) drives to the housed owned by the parents of Kelly (Dana DeLorenzo), where she confronts Kelly's Deadite father to know if Ash (Bruce Campbell) was there. The Deadite mocks her and refuses to cooperate, prompting her to torture him by using a special dagger. Ash, Pablo (Ray Santiago) and Kelly finally arrive at the Books from Beyond bookstore, where Ash asks the owner, Lionel Hawkins (Kelson Henderson), to translate the ''Necronomicon''. However, Amanda (Jill Marie Jones) has already arrived and confronts Ash for the strange events at the town, causing a scared Pablo to knock her unconscious. Lionel states that the ''Necronomicon'' was created by the "Dark Ones", beings that planned to use the book to destroy humanity. The book was written with human blood and the pages were the flesh of the damned, using it as a passegeway to the Underworld. As Lionel can't properly translate the spell to undo everything, Ash asks him to summon the "weakest demon" in the book so he can learn everything he needs. Through a circle, they summon a demon named Eligos (Ben Fransham), whose presence causes the bookstore to tremble. Ash and Pablo need to stay in their limits of the circle to not break it. Eligos is only willing to talk if Ash releases him, which he refuses to do. Amanda, having woken up and convinced Kelly to release her, interrupts the conversation and causes Ash to break the circle. This frees Eligos, who kills Lionel to prevent him from casting him away. Using his powers, Eligos breaks part of Ash's and Pablo's emotional states. Kelly manages to banish Eligos by hitting him with the ''Necronomicon''. In the aftermath, Amanda tries to arrest Ash, but he manages to handcuff her so they can leave. As Kelly laments trusting Amanda, Ash recalls that the answer to stop evil was "inside" him. Pablo decides that they need to visit his estranged uncle, who is a witch doctor known as "El Brujo". Back in the bookstore, a handcuffed Amanda is shocked when Lionel's corpse is possessed by a Deadite, ready to attack her. == Production == The episode was written by producer Sean Clements, and directed by Michael J. Bassett. It was Clements' first writing credit, and Bassett's second directorial credit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ash vs. The Evil Dead- WGA Directory |url=https://directories.wga.org/project/1095743/ash-vs-the-evil-dead/ |access-date=April 4, 2023 |website=[[Writers Guild of America West]]}}</ref> == Reception == === Viewers === In its original American broadcast, "Books from Beyond" was seen by an estimated 0.383 million household viewers and gained a 0.16 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. This means that 0.16 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Metcalf |first=Mitch |date=November 17, 2015 |title=Updated: Showbuzzdaily's Top 100 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Update: 11.14.2015 |url=https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-100-saturday-cable-originals-network-update-11-14-2015.html |access-date=April 4, 2023 |website=ShowBuzzDaily |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405002001/https://showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-100-saturday-cable-originals-network-update-11-14-2015.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> This was a 38% increase in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 0.276 million viewers with a 0.12 in the 18-49 demographics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Metcalf |first=Mitch |date=November 10, 2015 |title=Showbuzzdaily's Top 100 Saturday Cable Originals & Network Update: 11.7.2015 |url=http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-100-saturday-cable-originals-network-update-11-7-2015.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151111002130/http://www.showbuzzdaily.com/articles/showbuzzdailys-top-100-saturday-cable-originals-network-update-11-7-2015.html |archive-date=November 11, 2015 |access-date=April 4, 2023 |website=ShowBuzzDaily}}</ref> "Books from Beyond" received positive reviews from critics. Matt Fowler of ''IGN'' gave the episode a "great" 8.4 out of 10 rating and wrote in his verdict, "'Books from Beyond' kept the ''Evil Dead'' mischief rolling with a less-bloody affair involving a brand new type of demon. It also brought Ash and Amanda together for the first time, though it would not be a fortuitous pairing. And she'd get left behind while the Ghost Beaters headed off to visit Pablo's uncle. Left behind to (unknown to Ash) deal with a possessed version of the shop owner."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fowler |first=Matt |date=November 14, 2015 |title=Ash vs Evil Dead: "Books from Beyond" Review |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/11/15/ash-vs-evil-dead-books-from-beyond-review |access-date=April 4, 2023 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref> Michael Roffman of ''The A.V. Club'' gave the episode a "C+" grade and wrote, "After two weeks of hyping Books From Beyond, the titular episode falls flat on its ass from a Melba Toast script and an equally bland sense of direction. To be fair, we've been a little spoiled and every series has its ebbs and flows. The problem is that 'Books From Beyond' is such a flaccid comedown from the splendid chaos that tipped off ''Ash Vs. Evil Dead''. And naturally, the adjustment isn't so easy."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roffman |first=Michael |date=November 14, 2015 |title=''Ash Vs. Evil Dead'' gets lost in the bookstore |url=https://www.avclub.com/ash-vs-evil-dead-gets-lost-in-the-bookstore-1798186060 |access-date=April 4, 2023 |website=[[The A.V. Club]]}}</ref> Gina McIntyre of ''Entertainment Weekly'' wrote, "Say you've accidentally called forth a powerful, ancient evil. There are a couple of strategies you might employ to set the situation right, but... conjuring a demon to ask for advice? Not a good idea. So, naturally, that's exactly what Ash decides to do." Stephen Harber of ''Den of Geek'' wrote, "Although it spends most of its running time fleshing out the bigger picture of ''Evil Dead'' and setting up a foggy destination for the first season's master plan, 'Books from Beyond' is a solid episode of a new series that already has a loveable identity."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harber |first=Stephen |date=November 15, 2015 |title=Ash Vs. Evil Dead: Books from Beyond review |url=https://www.denofgeek.com/tv/ash-vs-evil-dead-books-from-beyond-review/ |access-date=April 4, 2023 |website=[[Den of Geek]]}}</ref> Carissa Pavlica of ''TV Fanatic'' gave the episode a 4 star rating out of 5 and wrote, "If you guys thought the last episode felt like it was short, you must have been pounding your head into your pillows as the credits rolled on 'Books from Beyond'!"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pavlica |first=Carissa |date=November 14, 2015 |title=Ash vs Evil Dead Season 1 Episode 3 Review: Books from Beyond |url=https://www.tvfanatic.com/2015/11/ash-vs-evil-dead-season-1-episode-3-review-books-from-beyond/ |access-date=April 4, 2023 |website=TV Fanatic}}</ref> Jasef Wisener of ''TV Overmind'' wrote, "'Books from Beyond' was another incredible episode of ''Ash vs. Evil Dead''. Action, while present, took more of a backseat than we've seen so far so that the story could progress in a meaningful way, and the in-universe mythology was expanded in a major way."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wisener |first=Jasef |date=November 14, 2015 |title=Ash vs. Evil Dead Season 1 Episode 3 Review: "Books from Beyond" |url=https://tvovermind.com/ash-vs-evil-dead-season-1-episode-3-review-books-beyond/ |access-date=April 4, 2023 |website=[[Zap2it|TV Overmind]]}}</ref> Blair Marnell of ''Nerdist'' wrote, "After three episodes, ''Ash vs. Evil Dead'' has yet to make a major creative misstep. It's just been hilariously gory fun on a weekly basis."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marnell |first=Blair |date=November 15, 2015 |title=Ash vs. Evil Dead Review: "Books from Beyond" |url=https://archive.nerdist.com/ash-vs-evil-dead-review-books-from-beyond/ |access-date=April 4, 2023 |website=[[Nerdist]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4jeaocsf9d9ke3scn8ztwx7i86w3gib 0 158520 888042 860678 2026-07-27T09:50:20Z BnHamid 12586 888042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Voacamine''', wanda aka fi sani da sunayen tsofaffi '''voacanginine''' da vocamine, wani nau'i ne na alkaloid na halitta na nau'in [[Cannabinoid receptor antagonist|adawa]]-linkid="159" href="./Secologanin" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Secologanin">secologanin, wanda aka samo a cikin tsire-tsire da yawa, gami da Voacanga africana da ''Tabernaemontana divaricata'' . An amince da shi don amfani da shi azaman maganin zazzabin cizon sauro a kasashe da yawa na Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voacamine |url=https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB04877 |website=DrugBank |publisher=Canadian Institutes of Health Research}}</ref> Voacamine yana nuna aikin antagonist na cannabinoid CB1.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kitajima M, Iwai M, Kikura-Hanajiri R, Goda Y, Iida M, Yabushita H, Takayama H |date=April 2011 |title=Discovery of indole alkaloids with cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonistic activity |journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters |volume=21 |issue=7 |pages=1962–4 |doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.036 |pmid=21376588}}</ref> == Sanyen sunadarai == === Tsarinsa === Akwai rikice-rikice mai yawa game da cikakkiyar tsarin stereochemical na voacamine kuma dole ne a sake fasalin cikakkiyar tsarin da aka buga da farko.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kutney JP, Brown RT, Piers E |date=March 1966 |title=The absolute configuration of the Iboga alkaloids. |journal=Canadian Journal of Chemistry |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=637–9 |doi=10.1139/v66-087}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author-link5=Jon Clardy |vauthors=Kutney JP, Fuji K, Treasurywala AM, Fayos J, Clardy J, Scott AI, Wei CC |year=1973 |title=Structure and Absolute Configuration of (+)-Coronaridine Hydrobromide. A Comment on the Absolute Configuration of the Iboga Alkaloids |journal=J. Am. Chem. Soc. |volume=95 |issue=16 |pages=5407–5409 |doi=10.1021/ja00797a049}}</ref> Yana da na'urar Ibogaine da aka haɗa da na'ura ta Vobasine. == Sakamakon Rashin Gaskiya == Voacamine na iya haifar da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]] a cikin babban sashi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1985 |title=oacanga, (Apocynaceae), a review of its taxonomy, phytochemistry, ethnobotany and pharmacology. |url=https://www.erowid.org/plants/voacanga_africana/voacanga_africana_info1.shtml |publisher=Agric. Univ. Wagenigen |pages=85–3}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Vincamine * Voacangine * Vobtusine == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1l1eur2f985bqyllpo3juqgalrr28fc 0 158626 887923 861290 2026-07-26T23:17:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lafiyar uwa''' ita ce lafiyar mata a lokacin [[Juna biyu|daukar ciki]], [[Jego|haihuwa]], da kuma [[Lokacin bayan haihuwa|bayan haihuwa]] . A mafi yawan lokuta, lafiyar uwa ta ƙunshi fannonin [[kula da lafiya]] na tsarin iyali, ɗaukar ciki kafin haihuwa, kula da [[Kulawa da Lafiyar mai Ciki|haihuwa]] [[Lokacin bayan haihuwa|bayan haihuwa]] domin tabbatar da samun kwarewa mai kyau da gamsarwa. A wasu lokuta, lafiyar uwa na iya rage rashin lafiya da mace-mace [[Mutuwar uwa|a lokacin haihuwa]] . {{Sfn|WHO Maternal Health}} Lafiyar uwa ta dogara ne akan lafiya da walwalar masu juna biyu, musamman lokacin da suke da juna biyu, lokacin da suke haihuwa, da kuma lokacin renon yara. [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] ta nuna cewa duk da cewa an dauki uwa a matsayin abin da ya dace da uwa, yawancin mata suna fuskantar matsalolin lafiya, wani lokacin suna haifar da mutuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maternal health |url=https://www.who.int/maternal-health/en/ |access-date=2020-05-14 |website=WHO}}</ref> Saboda haka, akwai buƙatar saka hannun jari a lafiyar mata. Ana iya cimma wannan jarin ta hanyoyi daban-daban, daga cikin manyan su shine tallafawa farashin kiwon lafiya, ilimi kan lafiyar uwa, ƙarfafa ingantaccen tsarin iyali, da kuma duba lafiyar mutanen da suka haihu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cohen |first=Robert L. |last2=Murray |first2=John |last3=Jack |first3=Susan |last4=Arscott-Mills |first4=Sharon |last5=Verardi |first5=Vincenzo |date=2017-12-06 |title=Impact of multisectoral health determinants on child mortality 1980–2010: An analysis by country baseline mortality |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=12 |at=e0188762 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1288762C |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0188762 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5718556 |pmid=29211765 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Rashin lafiya da mace-mace na uwa yana shafar mata masu launin fata da mata da ke zaune a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi da ƙananan kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=Working Together to Reduce Black Maternal Mortality {{!}} Health Equity Features |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/features/maternal-mortality/index.html |access-date=2022-09-12 |publisher=CDC |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maternal mortality |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality |access-date=2022-09-12 |publisher=WHO |language=en}}</ref> == Rashin lafiyar uwa da mace-mace == WHO ta kiyasta cewa kimanin mace-macen mata masu juna biyu 295,000 ne suka faru a shekarar 2017. <ref name="Maternal health">{{Cite web |title=Maternal health |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/maternal-health |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Abubuwan da ke haifar da waɗannan mace-macen mata masu juna biyu sun kama daga zubar jini mai tsanani zuwa nakuda mai toshewa, waɗanda duk suna da ingantattun hanyoyin magancewa. Bugu da ƙari, dalilan da ke haifar da mace-macen mata masu juna biyu sun haɗa da rashin jini da kuma zazzabin cizon sauro. <ref name="Maternal health" /> Yayin da mata suka sami damar yin amfani da tsarin iyali da kuma halartar haihuwa ta hanyar kula da gaggawa ta mata masu juna biyu, mace-macen mata masu juna biyu a duniya ya ragu da kusan kashi 44 cikin ɗari, wanda ya nuna raguwar kusan kashi 2.3 cikin ɗari a kowace shekara a tsawon lokacin daga 1990 zuwa 2015. Duk da cewa an sami raguwar mace-macen mata a duniya bayan ƙoƙari mai yawa, har yanzu akwai manyan alkaluma, musamman a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi da matsakaitan kuɗi (99%). [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|Afirka da ke kudu da hamadar sahara]] tana da kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na waɗannan mace-macen kuma Kudancin Asiya tana da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maternal Health |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=World Health Organisation}}</ref> Kashi ɗaya cikin uku na mace-macen mata masu juna biyu suna faruwa ne a Indiya da Najeriya. Mutuwar uwa tana haifar da iyalai masu rauni, kuma [[Jariri|jariransu]], idan sun tsira daga haihuwa, suna iya mutuwa kafin su kai shekara ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moucheraud |first=Corrina |last2=Worku |first2=Alemayehu |last3=Molla |first3=Mitike |last4=Finlay |first4=Jocelyn E |last5=Leaning |first5=Jennifer |last6=Yamin |first6=Alicia Ely |date=2015-05-06 |title=Consequences of maternal mortality on infant and child survival: a 25-year longitudinal analysis in Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011) |journal=Reproductive Health |volume=12 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S4 |doi=10.1186/1742-4755-12-S1-S4 |issn=1742-4755 |pmc=4423767 |pmid=26001059 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Mutuwar uwa|Mutuwar mata masu juna]] biyu (mutuwa) da kuma mummunan rashin lafiyar mata masu juna biyu (rashin lafiya) suna "da alaƙa da yawan rigakafin cutar." <ref name="ACOG_SMFM_2016">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kilpatrick SK, Ecker JL |date=September 2016 |title=Severe maternal morbidity: screening and review |url=http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(16)30523-3/pdf |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=215 |issue=3 |pages=B17-22 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.050 |pmid=27560600 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A shekarar 2010, Hukumar Hadin Gwiwa ta Amurka kan Tabbatar da Ƙungiyoyin Kula da Lafiya ta bayyana mace-macen mata masu juna biyu a matsayin " abin da ke faruwa a wurin tsaro ", kuma tana amfani da shi don tantance ingancin tsarin kula da lafiya. {{Sfn|Joint Commission|2010}} Tallafin kuɗin kula da lafiya yana taimakawa wajen inganta lafiyar mata. A ƙasashe kamar Amurka, Birtaniya, da sauransu, hukumomi na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu suna aiki don rage har ma da kawar da kuɗaɗen mata masu juna biyu ko mata waɗanda ke da matsalolin lafiya da suka shafi ciki. Lokacin da mata ke haihuwar jariransu a wuraren kiwon lafiya da aka amince da su ba tare da biyan kuɗi ko biyan kuɗi kaɗan ba, za su iya amfani da kuɗinsu don cin abincin jariri, tufafi, da sauran buƙatu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kristine Husøy Onarheim |last2=Johannesburg Helene Iversen |last3=David E Bloom |date=2016 |title=Economic Benefits of Investing in Women's Health: A Systematic Review. |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=30 |issue=3 |page=11 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1150120O |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0150120 |pmc=4814064 |pmid=27028199 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Haka kuma, lokacin da mata ke zuwa asibitoci ba tare da kuɗi ba kuma aka ba su ƙarin abinci kyauta, ana kula da lafiyarsu, kuma wannan yana rage kuɗin da gwamnati ke sakawa a fannin kiwon lafiya. A gefe guda kuma, yawan kamuwa da cutar mata masu juna biyu, tare da yawan mace-mace, yana raguwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onarheim |first=Kristine Husøy |last2=Iversen |first2=Johanne Helene |last3=Bloom |first3=David E. |date=2016-03-30 |title=Economic Benefits of Investing in Women's Health: A Systematic Review |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=11 |issue=3 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1150120O |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0150120 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4814064 |pmid=27028199 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ilimi kan batutuwan da suka shafi lafiyar mata yana da mahimmanci don sarrafawa da inganta lafiyar mata. Mata masu albarkatu suna da&nbsp;ƙarancin damar da yanayin lafiyarsu ke taɓarɓarewa, saboda iliminsu. Ana sanar da waɗannan mata su yanke shawara game da tsarin iyali, mafi kyawun lokacin haihuwa dangane da ƙarfin kuɗinsu, da kuma abincin da suke ci, kafin, lokacin, da kuma bayan haihuwa. Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyi da yawa sun haɗa da mata, iyalai, da al'ummomin gida a matsayin masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin shiga tsakani da dabarun inganta lafiyar mata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dada |first=Sara |last2=Cocoman |first2=Olive |last3=Portela |first3=Anayda |last4=Brún |first4=Aoife De |last5=Bhattacharyya |first5=Sanghita |last6=Tunçalp |first6=Özge |last7=Jackson |first7=Debra |last8=Gilmore |first8=Brynne |date=2023-02-01 |title=What's in a name? Unpacking 'Community Blank' terminology in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health: a scoping review |url=https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/2/e009423 |journal=BMJ Global Health |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009423 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=9906186 |pmid=36750272}}</ref> Gannon (np) ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan mace-macen mata a lokacin haihuwa ya ragu da kashi 70% tsakanin 1946 da 1953, lokacin da mata suka fara samun ilimin mata. Binciken ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a mai da hankali kan al'ummomin da aka ware da kuma 'yan mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18. Lokacin da gwamnati ta sami damar rage ɗaukar ciki da ba a so da kuma waɗanda ba a shirya ba tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin mutane biyu, yana zama da sauƙi a rage matsalolin lafiyar mata da kuma kuɗin da ke tattare da su. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Abubuwan da ke shafar lafiyar uwaye == === Talauci da samun damar kiwon lafiya === A cewar wani rahoto na UNFPA, yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, ƙa'idodi da dabi'un al'adu, da kuma nisa a yanki duk suna ƙara mace-macen mata masu juna biyu, kuma haɗarin mutuwar mata masu juna biyu (a lokacin daukar ciki ko haihuwa) a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara ya ninka sau 175 fiye da na ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, kuma haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu alaƙa da ciki da mummunan sakamako bayan haihuwa ya fi yawa. <ref name="Determinants">{{Cite web |title=The social determinants of maternal death and disability |url=http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/EN-SRH%20fact%20sheet-Poormother.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations Population Fund]]}}</ref> [[Talauci]], lafiyar uwa, da sakamakon da yaron zai samu duk suna da alaƙa. <ref name="Filippi">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Filippi V, Ronsmans C, Campbell OM, Graham WJ, Mills A, Borghi J, Koblinsky M, Osrin D |date=October 2006 |title=Maternal health in poor countries: the broader context and a call for action |journal=Lancet |volume=368 |issue=9546 |pages=1535–41 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69384-7 |pmid=17071287 |s2cid=31036096}}</ref> Matan da ke zaune a yankunan da talauci ya yi wa katutu sun fi fuskantar [[kiba]] kuma suna shiga cikin halaye marasa kyau kamar [[Shan taba|shan taba sigari]] da shan ƙwayoyi, ba sa samun damar yin ko ma samun kulawar da ta dace a lokacin daukar ciki, kuma suna cikin haɗarin samun mummunan sakamako ga uwa da jariri. <ref name="Timmermans">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Timmermans S, Bonsel GJ, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Mackenbach JP, Steyerberg EW, Raat H, Verbrugh HA, Tiemeier HW, Hofman A, Birnie E, Looman CW, Jaddoe VW, Steegers EA |date=February 2011 |title=Individual accumulation of heterogeneous risks explains perinatal inequalities within deprived neighbourhoods |journal=European Journal of Epidemiology |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=165–80 |doi=10.1007/s10654-010-9542-5 |pmc=3043261 |pmid=21203801}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Kenya ya nuna cewa matsalolin lafiyar uwa da yara da suka fi yawa a yankunan da talauci ya shafa sun haɗa da zubar jini, rashin jini, [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]], zazzabin cizon sauro, riƙe mahaifa, nakuda kafin haihuwa, naƙuda mai tsawo/mai rikitarwa, da kuma pre-eclampsia . <ref name="Izugbara">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Izugbara CO, Ngilangwa DP |date=December 2010 |title=Women, poverty and adverse maternal outcomes in Nairobi, Kenya |journal=BMC Women's Health |volume=10 |issue=33 |doi=10.1186/1472-6874-10-33 |pmc=3014866 |pmid=21122118 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== Kula da haihuwa kafin haihuwa ==== Gabaɗaya, isasshen kulawar haihuwa ta ƙunshi kula da lafiya da ayyukan ilimi, zamantakewa, da abinci mai gina jiki a lokacin daukar ciki. <ref name="Alexander">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Alexander G, Korenbrot CC |date=Spring 1995 |title=The Role of Prenatal Care in Preventing Low Birth Weight |journal=The Future of Children |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=103–120 |doi=10.2307/1602510 |jstor=1602510 |pmid=7633858}}</ref> Misali, kula da haihuwa ta hanyar haihuwa na iya haɗawa da gwaje-gwajen tantancewa na jini don yiwuwar rashin daidaituwar ƙwayoyin halitta da kuma auna hawan jini, ko auna mahaifa don tantance girman tayin. Duk da cewa akwai dalilai daban-daban da mata suka zaɓi kada su shiga cikin kulawar haihuwa mai kyau, kashi 71% na mata masu ƙarancin kuɗi a wani bincike na ƙasa na Amurka sun sami matsala wajen samun kulawar haihuwa lokacin da suka nemi hakan. <ref name="Alexander" /> Bugu da ƙari, baƙi da matan Hispanic suna cikin haɗari mafi girma fiye da mata fararen fata ko baƙar fata saboda samun kulawar haihuwa kaɗan ko rashin kulawar haihuwa, inda matakin ilimi shi ma alama ce (tunda ilimi da launin fata suna da alaƙa). Matasa ba su da yuwuwar samun kulawar haihuwa kwata-kwata. A cikin bincike da yawa, mata da matasa sun zaɓi rashin isasshen kuɗi da rashin sufuri a matsayin cikas da suka fi yawa wajen samun kulawar haihuwa mai kyau. <ref name="Curry">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Curry MA |year=1990 |title=Factors associated with inadequate prenatal care |journal=Journal of Community Health Nursing |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=245–52 |doi=10.1207/s15327655jchn0704_7 |jstor=3427223 |pmid=2243268}}</ref> Kuɗin shiga yana da alaƙa sosai da ingancin kulawar haihuwa. <ref name="Curry"/> Wani lokaci, kusanci da wuraren kiwon lafiya da kuma samun damar sufuri suna da tasiri sosai kan ko mata suna da damar samun kulawar haihuwa ko a'a. Wani bincike da aka gudanar kan ayyukan kula da lafiyar mata a Mali ya gano cewa mata da ke zaune a yankunan karkara, nesa da wuraren kiwon lafiya, ba su da yuwuwar samun kulawar haihuwa fiye da waɗanda ke zaune a birane. Bugu da ƙari, masu bincike sun gano alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin rashin sufuri da kulawar haihuwa da haihuwa. <ref name="Gage">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gage AJ |date=October 2007 |title=Barriers to the utilization of maternal health care in rural Mali |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=65 |issue=8 |pages=1666–82 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.06.001 |pmid=17643685}}</ref> Baya ga kusanci, kasancewar hasashen samun kulawar haihuwa, Materia da abokan aiki sun sami irin wannan sakamako na kusanci da kulawar haihuwa a yankunan karkara na Habasha. <ref name="Materia">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Materia E, Mehari W, Mele A, Rosmini F, Stazi MA, Damen HM, Basile G, Miuccio G, Ferrigno L, Miozzo A |date=September 1993 |title=A community survey on maternal and child health services utilization in rural Ethiopia |journal=European Journal of Epidemiology |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=511–6 |doi=10.1007/bf00209529 |jstor=3520948 |pmid=8307136 |s2cid=22107263}}</ref> Haka kuma, rashin isassun ayyuka da rashin inganci suna taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan mace-mace da mace-mace a tsakanin mata da maza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=maternal mortality |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal-mortality |access-date=30 September 2020 |website=WHO}}</ref> === Yanayin da suka riga suka kasance === ==== Ciwon suga kafin haila ==== Ciwon suga na nau'in 1 ko na nau'in 2 na uwa wanda ya riga ya wanzu (wanda aka haifa kafin haihuwa) wani abu ne da aka sani wanda ke ƙara haɗarin mummunan sakamako, gami da haihuwa kafin haihuwa, preeclampsia, da nakasar haihuwa da aka haifa. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Alexopoulos |first=Anastasia-Stefania |last2=Blair |first2=Rachel |last3=Peters |first3=Anne L. |date=2019-05-14 |title=Management of Preexisting Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Review |journal=JAMA |volume=321 |issue=18 |pages=1811–1819 |doi=10.1001/jama.2019.4981 |issn=1538-3598 |pmc=6657017 |pmid=31087027}}</ref> Bincike daga Amurka da Ostiraliya ya nuna cewa yawan ciwon suga kafin haihuwa kusan kashi 1% ne na ciki. <ref name=":7" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epidemiology and Classification of Diabetes in Pregnancy {{!}} Article {{!}} GLOWM |url=http://www.glowm.com/article/heading/vol-8--maternal-medical-health-and-disorders-in-pregnancy--epidemiology-and-classification-of-diabetes-in-pregnancy/id/416413 |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=The Global Library of Women's Medicine |language=en}}</ref> Ko da ciki mai lafiya yana haifar da yanayin hyperglycemia. Sakamakon haka, uwaye masu ciwon suga kafin haihuwa suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da hyperglycemia. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hartling |first=Lisa |last2=Dryden |first2=Donna M. |last3=Guthrie |first3=Alyssa |last4=Muise |first4=Melanie |last5=Vandermeer |first5=Ben |last6=Donovan |first6=Lois |date=2013-07-16 |title=Benefits and Harms of Treating Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the National Institutes of Health Office of Medical Applications of Research |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |volume=159 |issue=2 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-00661 |issn=0003-4819 |pmid=23712381}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aoife M. Egan |last2=Margaret L. Dow |last3=Adrian Vella |date=December 2020 |title=A Review of the Pathophysiology and Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy |url=https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(20)30202-0/pdf |journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings |volume=95 |issue=12 |pages=2734–2746 |doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.02.019 |pmid=32736942}}</ref> ==== HIV/AIDS ==== Adadin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau ga uwa ya bambanta a duk duniya, daga kashi 1% zuwa 40%, inda ƙasashen Afirka da Asiya ke da mafi yawan mace-macen. <ref name="McIntyre2">{{Cite journal |vauthors=McIntyre J |date=May 2005 |title=Maternal health and HIV |journal=Reproductive Health Matters |volume=13 |issue=25 |pages=129–35 |doi=10.1016/s0968-8080(05)25184-4 |jstor=3776238 |pmid=16035606 |s2cid=24802898}}</ref> Duk da cewa kamuwa da cutar kanjamau ga uwa yana da illa ga lafiyar yaron, musamman a ƙasashen da talauci ya yi yawa kuma matakan ilimi ba su da yawa, <ref name="pmid22340362">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Toure K, Sankore R, Kuruvilla S, Scolaro E, Bustreo F, Osotimehin B |date=February 2012 |title=Positioning women's and children's health in African union policy-making: a policy analysis |journal=Globalization and Health |volume=8 |page=3 |doi=10.1186/1744-8603-8-3 |pmc=3298467 |pmid=22340362 |doi-access=free}}</ref> kamuwa da cutar kanjamau a lokacin da take da juna biyu na iya haifar da haɗarin lafiya ga uwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-15 |title=Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV |url=https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/reducing-mother-to-child-risk/preventing-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hiv |access-date=2018-11-07 |website=HIV.gov |language=en}}</ref> Babban abin damuwa ga mata masu juna biyu masu ɗauke da cutar kanjamau shine haɗarin kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka (TB) da/ko malaria, a ƙasashe masu tasowa. <ref name="McIntyre2" /> Kashi 28% na mace-macen mata masu juna biyu suna faruwa ne daga naƙuda da dalilai na kai tsaye, ma'ana cututtukan da ke rikitar da ciki ko waɗanda ciki ke rikitar da su (malaria, anemia, HIV/AIDS, da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini). ==== Nauyin uwa ==== A lokacin daukar ciki, mata masu matsakaicin nauyin kafin daukar ciki ( BMI 18.5-24.9) ya kamata su yi tsammanin karuwa tsakanin {{Convert|25|-|35|lb}} a tsawon lokacin daukar ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Weight Gain During Pregnancy {{!}} Pregnancy {{!}} Maternal and Infant Health {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pregnancy-weight-gain.htm |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> Yawan hauhawar jini, ciwon suga, matsalolin numfashi, da cututtuka sun zama ruwan dare a lokuta da ake samun kiba a cikin uwaye kuma suna iya yin illa ga sakamakon daukar ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nodine PM, Hastings-Tolsma M |date=2012 |title=Maternal obesity: improving pregnancy outcomes |journal=MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=110–5 |doi=10.1097/nmc.0b013e3182430296 |pmid=22357072}}, cited in {{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Kiba babban abin da ke haifar da ciwon suga na ciki ne . <ref name="Chu">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Chu SY, Callaghan WM, Kim SY, Schmid CH, Lau J, England LJ, Dietz PM |date=August 2007 |title=Maternal obesity and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=2070–6 |doi=10.2337/dc06-2559a |pmid=17416786 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bincike ya gano cewa uwaye masu kiba wadanda suka rage kiba (aƙalla fam 10 ko 4.5)&nbsp;kg) tsakanin daukar ciki yana rage hadarin kamuwa da ciwon suga na ciki a lokacin daukar ciki na gaba, yayin da uwaye masu kiba ke kara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar. <ref name="Glazer">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Glazer NL, Hendrickson AF, Schellenbaum GD, Mueller BA |date=November 2004 |title=Weight change and the risk of gestational diabetes in obese women |journal=Epidemiology |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=733–7 |doi=10.1097/01.ede.0000142151.16880.03 |jstor=20485982 |pmid=15475723 |s2cid=25998851 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mata masu juna biyu ya kamata su yi kokarin motsa jiki na akalla mintuna 150 a mako, gami da motsa jiki na karfafa tsoka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Keep Active and Eat Healthy to Improve Well-being and Feel Great {{!}} NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/keep-active-eat-healthy-feel-great |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da haka, ana ba da shawarar mata masu juna biyu su tattauna irin motsa jiki da za su iya yi cikin aminci tare da likitan mata na haihuwa a farkon lokacin daukar ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exercise During Pregnancy |url=https://www.acog.org/en/womens-health/faqs/exercise-during-pregnancy |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=www.acog.org |language=en}}</ref> == Tasirin da ke kan lafiyar yara da ci gabansu == === Lafiyar kafin haihuwa === [[Kulawa da Lafiyar mai Ciki|Kula da mata kafin haihuwa]] muhimmin bangare ne na kula da lafiyar uwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-13 |title=Prenatal care and tests {{!}} womenshealth.gov |url=https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/prenatal-care-and-tests |access-date=2018-11-07 |website=womenshealth.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ana ba da shawarar cewa mata masu juna biyu su sami akalla ziyarar kula da lafiyar mata kafin haihuwa sau hudu, inda ma'aikacin lafiya zai iya duba alamun rashin lafiya - kamar ƙarancin kiba, rashin jini ko kamuwa da cuta - sannan ya sa ido kan lafiya da yanayin tayin. <ref name="unfpa.org">{{Cite web |title=Maternal health |url=http://www.unfpa.org/maternal-health |access-date=2018-04-22 |website=www.unfpa.org |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin waɗannan ziyarar, ana ba wa mata shawara kan abinci mai gina jiki da tsafta don inganta lafiyarsu kafin haihuwa da kuma bayan haihuwa. Waɗannan ziyarar na iya haɗawa da kula da lafiyar duk wani yanayi na lafiya da matar ta taɓa fuskanta kafin ta yi ciki - kamar ciwon suga, hawan jini, ko cutar koda. Tare da haɗin gwiwar mai ba ta kulawar lafiya, mara lafiyar za ta iya tsara tsarin haihuwa wanda ke bayyana yadda za a kai ga kulawa da abin da za a yi idan akwai gaggawa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Tsarin Kula da Ciki (kulawa ta rukuni kafin haihuwa) wani sabon ƙari ne ga kula da lafiyar mata masu juna biyu, kuma ya nuna yana inganta sakamakon haihuwa da gamsuwa ga majiyyaci da mai ba da sabis. <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Rotundo |first=Genie |date=December 2011 |title=Centering Pregnancy: The Benefits of Group Prenatal Care |journal=Nursing for Women's Health |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=508–518 |doi=10.1111/j.1751-486x.2011.01678.x |issn=1751-4851 |pmid=22900691}}</ref> Musamman ma, wani gwaji mai sarrafawa da aka yi bazuwar ya nuna raguwar kashi 33 cikin ɗari a cikin haihuwar da ba ta cika ba (n=995), kuma raguwar ta fi bayyana ga mahalarta Baƙar fata/Amurkawa 'yan Afirka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ickovics |first=Jeannette R. |last2=Kershaw |first2=Trace S. |last3=Westdahl |first3=Claire |last4=Magriples |first4=Urania |last5=Massey |first5=Zohar |last6=Reynolds |first6=Heather |last7=Rising |first7=Sharon Schindler |date=August 2007 |title=Group Prenatal Care and Perinatal Outcomes |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=110 |issue=2 |pages=330–339 |doi=10.1097/01.aog.0000275284.24298.23 |issn=0029-7844 |pmc=2276878 |pmid=17666608}}</ref> Cibiyar Kula da Ciki tana ba da gwaje-gwaje na jiki, ilimi, da tallafin takwarorinsu ga ƙungiyar mata masu juna biyu waɗanda duk suna da ranar haihuwa iri ɗaya. <ref name=":13" /> Binciken da aka yi a kan kula da haihuwa ta rukuni na daidaiton launin fata (kamar ƙungiyar EMBRACE a UCSF) har yanzu ba a yi bincike mai kyau ba don nuna ingantaccen sakamako. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-16 |title=EMBRACE: Perinatal Care for Black Families |url=https://womenshealth.ucsf.edu/coe/embrace-perinatal-care-black-families |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=UCSF Womens Health |archive-date=2022-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912181101/https://womenshealth.ucsf.edu/coe/embrace-perinatal-care-black-families |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da haka, an tabbatar da cewa kula da daidaiton launin fata yana inganta ƙwarewar majiyyaci <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Takeshita |first=Junko |last2=Wang |first2=Shiyu |last3=Loren |first3=Alison W. |last4=Mitra |first4=Nandita |author-link4=Nandita Mitra |last5=Shults |first5=Justine |last6=Shin |first6=Daniel B. |last7=Sawinski |first7=Deirdre L. |date=2020-11-09 |title=Association of Racial/Ethnic and Gender Concordance Between Patients and Physicians With Patient Experience Ratings |journal=JAMA Network Open |language=en |volume=3 |issue=11 |pages=e2024583 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.24583 |issn=2574-3805 |pmc=7653497 |pmid=33165609}}</ref> da sadarwa tsakanin majiyyaci da mai ba da sabis. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shen |first=Megan Johnson |last2=Peterson |first2=Emily B. |last3=Costas-Muñiz |first3=Rosario |last4=Hernandez |first4=Migda Hunter |last5=Jewell |first5=Sarah T. |last6=Matsoukas |first6=Konstantina |last7=Bylund |first7=Carma L. |date=February 2018 |title=The Effects of Race and Racial Concordance on Patient-Physician Communication: A Systematic Review of the Literature |journal=Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=117–140 |doi=10.1007/s40615-017-0350-4 |issn=2197-3792 |pmc=5591056 |pmid=28275996}}</ref> Tsarin daidaiton launin fata na jarirai-likita yana da alaƙa mai mahimmanci da haɓaka mace-mace ga jarirai baƙar fata a cikin 2020, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Greenwood |first=Brad N. |last2=Hardeman |first2=Rachel R. |last3=Huang |first3=Laura |last4=Sojourner |first4=Aaron |date=September 2020 |title=Physician–patient racial concordance and disparities in birthing mortality for newborns |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=117 |issue=35 |pages=21194–21200 |bibcode=2020PNAS..11721194G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1913405117 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=7474610 |pmid=32817561 |doi-access=free}}</ref> amma an karyata shi a cikin 2024. Talauci, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma shan ƙwayoyi na iya haifar da matsalolin fahimta, motsi, da ɗabi'a a lokacin yarinta. <ref name="Hurt">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hurt H, Brodsky NL, Roth H, Malmud E, Giannetta JM |year=2005 |title=School performance of children with gestational cocaine exposure |journal=Neurotoxicology and Teratology |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=203–11 |bibcode=2005NTxT...27..203H |doi=10.1016/j.ntt.2004.10.006 |pmid=15734271}}</ref> A wata ma'anar, idan uwa ba ta cikin koshin lafiya mai kyau a lokacin haihuwa (lokacin da take da juna biyu) da/ko kuma tayin ya kamu da cutar teratogens, yaron zai fi fuskantar matsalolin lafiya ko ci gaba, ko mutuwa. Yanayin da uwa ke kula da tayin/tayin yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiyarsa bayan ɗaukar ciki da haihuwa. [[Magana da cututtuka|Teratogen]] shine "duk wani abu da zai iya haifar da lahani ga haihuwa ko kuma ya canza sakamakon fahimta da ɗabi'a mara kyau." Yawan da za a sha, saurin kamuwa da kwayoyin halitta, da lokacin da za a sha duk dalilai ne da ke haifar da tasirin teratogen akan tayi ko tayin. <ref name="Santrock">{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> Magungunan da likita ya rubuta a lokacin daukar ciki kamar su streptomycin, tetracycline, wasu magungunan rage radadi, progestin, estrogen na roba, da Accutane, <ref name="Crijns_2012">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Crijns HJ, van Rein N, Gispen-de Wied CC, Straus SM, de Jong-van den Berg LT |date=October 2012 |title=Prescriptive contraceptive use among isotretinoin users in the Netherlands in comparison with non-users: a drug utilisation study |url=https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/15052761/Crijns_2012_Pharmacoepidemiol_Drug_Saf.pdf |journal=Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=1060–6 |doi=10.1002/pds.3200 |pmid=22228673 |s2cid=35402923}}</ref> <ref name="Koren_2012">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Koren G, Nordeng H |date=September 2012 |title=Antidepressant use during pregnancy: the benefit-risk ratio |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=207 |issue=3 |pages=157–63 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2012.02.009 |pmid=22425404}}</ref> da kuma magungunan da ba a rubuta a kan takardar likita ba kamar magungunan rage radadi, na iya haifar da sakamako mai tsanani ga tayin/tayin da ke tasowa. Bugu da ƙari, an san cewa yawan shan aspirin yana haifar da zubar jini a cikin uwa da tayin, kodayake ƙaramin aspirin yawanci ba shi da illa. <ref name="Bennett">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bennett SA, Bagot CN, Arya R |date=June 2012 |title=Pregnancy loss and thrombophilia: the elusive link |journal=British Journal of Haematology |volume=157 |issue=5 |pages=529–42 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09112.x |pmid=22449204 |s2cid=10677131 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Marret">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Marret S, Marchand L, Kaminski M, Larroque B, Arnaud C, Truffert P, Thirez G, Fresson J, Rozé JC, Ancel PY |date=January 2010 |title=Prenatal low-dose aspirin and neurobehavioral outcomes of children born very preterm |journal=Pediatrics |volume=125 |issue=1 |pages=e29-34 |doi=10.1542/peds.2009-0994 |pmid=20026499 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Jarirai waɗanda uwayensu ke amfani da heroin a lokacin daukar ciki galibi suna nuna alamun daina shan taba a lokacin haihuwa kuma suna iya samun matsalolin kulawa da matsalolin lafiya yayin da suke girma. <ref name="Blandthorn">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Blandthorn J, Forster DA, Love V |date=March 2011 |title=Neonatal and maternal outcomes following maternal use of buprenorphine or methadone during pregnancy: findings of a retrospective audit |journal=Women and Birth |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=32–9 |doi=10.1016/j.wombi.2010.07.001 |pmid=20864426}}</ref> Amfani da magungunan ƙarfafa gwiwa kamar methamphetamine da cocaine a lokacin daukar ciki yana da alaƙa da matsaloli da dama ga yaron kamar ƙarancin nauyin haihuwa da ƙaramin zagayen kai, jinkirin motsi da fahimtar hankali, da kuma matsalolin ɗabi'a a lokacin yarinta. <ref name="Meyer_2009">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Meyer KD, Zhang L |date=February 2009 |title=Short- and long-term adverse effects of cocaine abuse during pregnancy on the heart development |journal=Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=7–16 |doi=10.1177/1753944708099877 |pmc=2710813 |pmid=19144667}}</ref> <ref name="pmid20600846">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Richardson GA, Goldschmidt L, Leech S, Willford J |date=2011 |title=Prenatal cocaine exposure: Effects on mother- and teacher-rated behavior problems and growth in school-age children |journal=Neurotoxicology and Teratology |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=69–77 |bibcode=2011NTxT...33...69R |doi=10.1016/j.ntt.2010.06.003 |pmc=3026056 |pmid=20600846}}</ref> <ref name="pmid21334365">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Piper BJ, Acevedo SF, Kolchugina GK, Butler RW, Corbett SM, Honeycutt EB, Craytor MJ, Raber J |date=May 2011 |title=Abnormalities in parentally rated executive function in methamphetamine/polysubstance exposed children |journal=Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior |volume=98 |issue=3 |pages=432–9 |doi=10.1016/j.pbb.2011.02.013 |pmc=3069661 |pmid=21334365}}</ref> Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Yara da Matasa ta Amurka ta gano cewa yara 'yan shekara shida waɗanda uwayensu suka sha taba a lokacin daukar ciki sun sami maki ƙasa da na yaran da uwayensu ba su sha ba a lokacin daukar ciki. <ref name="Goldschmidt">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Goldschmidt L, Richardson GA, Willford J, Day NL |date=March 2008 |title=Prenatal marijuana exposure and intelligence test performance at age 6 |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=254–263 |doi=10.1097/chi.0b013e318160b3f0 |pmid=18216735}}</ref> Shan taba sigari a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da illa ga lafiya da ci gaban 'ya'yan da aka haifa. Sakamakon shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki ya hada da haihuwa kafin lokacin haihuwa, karancin nauyin haihuwa, mutuwar tayi da jarirai, matsalolin numfashi, da kuma mutuwar jarirai kwatsam (SIDS), <ref name="Santrock"/> da kuma karuwar hadarin kamuwa da matsalar fahimta, matsalar rashin aiki da hankali (ADHD) da sauran matsalolin halayya. <ref name="Abbott">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Abbott LC, Winzer-Serhan UH |date=April 2012 |title=Smoking during pregnancy: lessons learned from epidemiological studies and experimental studies using animal models |journal=Critical Reviews in Toxicology |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=279–303 |doi=10.3109/10408444.2012.658506 |pmid=22394313 |s2cid=38886526}}</ref> Haka kuma, a cikin wani bincike da aka buga a cikin Mujallar Ciwon daji ta Duniya, yaran da iyayensu mata ke shan taba a lokacin daukar ciki sun fuskanci karuwar kashi 22% na hadarin kamuwa da cutar lymphoma ba Hodgkin ba. <ref name="Antonopoulos">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Antonopoulos CN, Sergentanis TN, Papadopoulou C, Andrie E, Dessypris N, Panagopoulou P, Polychronopoulou S, Pourtsidis A, Athanasiadou-Piperopoulou F, Kalmanti M, Sidi V, Moschovi M, Petridou ET |date=December 2011 |title=Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood lymphoma: a meta-analysis |journal=International Journal of Cancer |volume=129 |issue=11 |pages=2694–703 |doi=10.1002/ijc.25929 |pmid=21225624 |s2cid=5251307 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Duk da cewa shan barasa a hankali (yawan abinci ɗaya zuwa biyu a cikin 'yan kwanaki a mako) ba a san shi a matsayin sanadin matsalar shan barasa ta fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) ba, Babban Likitan Likita na Amurka ya ba da shawara kan shan barasa kwata-kwata a lokacin daukar ciki. <ref name="Cheng">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cheng D, Kettinger L, Uduhiri K, Hurt L |date=February 2011 |title=Alcohol consumption during pregnancy: prevalence and provider assessment |journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=117 |issue=2 Pt 1 |pages=212–7 |doi=10.1097/aog.0b013e3182078569 |pmid=21252732 |s2cid=13548123}}</ref> Yawan shan barasa a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da FASD, wanda galibi ya kunshi matsalolin jiki da na fahimta a cikin yaro kamar nakasar fuska, lahani a gaɓoɓi, fuska, da zuciya, matsalolin koyo, rashin hankali, da nakasa ta hankali (ID). <ref name="Painter">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Paintner A, Williams AD, Burd L |date=February 2012 |title=Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders-- implications for child neurology, part 1: prenatal exposure and dosimetry |journal=Journal of Child Neurology |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=258–63 |doi=10.1177/0883073811428376 |pmid=22351188 |s2cid=46215913}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Paintner A, Williams AD, Burd L |date=March 2012 |title=Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders--implications for child neurology, part 2: diagnosis and management |journal=Journal of Child Neurology |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=355–62 |doi=10.1177/0883073811428377 |pmid=22241713 |s2cid=40864343}}</ref> Duk da cewa ana iya yada cutar HIV/AIDS ga zuri'a a lokuta daban-daban, lokacin da iyaye mata suka fi kamuwa da cutar shine lokacin daukar ciki. A lokacin daukar ciki, tayin/tayin na iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar mahaifa. <ref name="Santrock"/> Ciwon suga na lokacin daukar ciki yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da kiba a cikin 'ya'yan da suka haifa har zuwa lokacin samartaka. <ref name="Pettitt">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pettitt DJ, Baird HR, Aleck KA, Bennett PH, Knowler WC |date=February 1983 |title=Excessive obesity in offspring of Pima Indian women with diabetes during pregnancy |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |volume=308 |issue=5 |pages=242–5 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198302033080502 |pmid=6848933}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, yaran da iyayensu mata ke da ciwon suga sun fi kamuwa da [[Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2|ciwon suga na nau'in II]] . <ref name="Dabelea">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dabelea D, Hanson RL, Bennett PH, Roumain J, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ |date=August 1998 |title=Increasing prevalence of Type II diabetes in American Indian children |journal=Diabetologia |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=904–10 |doi=10.1007/s001250051006 |pmid=9726592 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Uwaye mata da ke da ciwon suga na lokacin daukar ciki suna da babban damar haihuwar jarirai masu girma (fam 10 (4.5)&nbsp;kg) ko fiye). <ref name="Santrock"/> Wannan shine dalilin macrosomia. Jarirai masu fama da macrosomia suna da ƙaruwar yawan sukari a jini idan aka kwatanta da jarirai mata masu juna biyu ba tare da ciwon suga ba. Wannan saboda jarirai masu yawan sukari suna amfani da yawan sukari a jini a cikin mahaifa, wanda ke haifar da yawan insulin a zahiri. A lokacin haihuwa, lokacin da aka cire tushen sukarin jini kwatsam, wannan yana sa jarirai su fuskanci digo mai yawa a cikin sukarin jini. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mitanchez |first=Delphine |last2=Yzydorczyk |first2=Catherine |last3=Simeoni |first3=Umberto |date=2015-06-10 |title=What neonatal complications should the pediatrician be aware of in case of maternal gestational diabetes? |journal=World Journal of Diabetes |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=734–743 |doi=10.4239/wjd.v6.i5.734 |issn=1948-9358 |pmc=4458502 |pmid=26069722 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Saboda abincin da tayin ko tayin ke ci ya dogara ne akan furotin na uwa, bitamin, ma'adanai, da kuma yawan adadin kuzari da ake buƙata, jariran da uwaye masu fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki ke haifa suna iya nuna matsala. Bugu da ƙari, damuwa ta uwa na iya shafar tayin kai tsaye da kuma a kaikaice. Lokacin da uwa ke cikin damuwa, canje-canje a cikin jiki suna faruwa a jiki wanda zai iya cutar da tayin da ke tasowa. Bugu da ƙari, uwa tana iya shiga cikin halayen da ka iya yin mummunan tasiri ga tayin, kamar [[shan taba]], shan ƙwayoyi, da shan barasa. <ref name="Santrock"/> === Haihuwa da cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i === Ana iya yada cutar herpes ta al'aura, rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicella, parvovirus B19, da enteroviruses ga jariri ta hanyar hanyar haihuwa yayin haihuwa. <ref name="pmid21269306">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Li JM, Chen YR, Li XT, Xu WC |date=February 2011 |title=Screening of Herpes simplex virus 2 infection among pregnant women in southern China |journal=The Journal of Dermatology |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=120–4 |doi=10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00966.x |pmid=21269306 |s2cid=21282278}}</ref> <ref name="pmid21261443">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nigro G, Mazzocco M, Mattia E, Di Renzo GC, Carta G, Anceschi MM |date=August 2011 |title=Role of the infections in recurrent spontaneous abortion |journal=The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine |volume=24 |issue=8 |pages=983–9 |doi=10.3109/14767058.2010.547963 |pmid=21261443 |s2cid=25192645}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Neu |first=Natalie |last2=Duchon |first2=Jennifer |last3=Zachariah |first3=Philip |date=March 2015 |title=TORCH Infections |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0095510814001250 |journal=Clinics in Perinatology |language=en |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=77–103 |doi=10.1016/j.clp.2014.11.001 |pmid=25677998 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A cikin masu juna biyu inda uwa ta kamu da kwayar cutar, kashi 25% na jariran da aka haifa ta hanyar hanyar haihuwa da ta kamu da cutar suna lalacewa a kwakwalwa, kuma kashi 1/3 na mutuwa. <ref name="Santrock"/> Ana iya yada cutar HIV/AIDS yayin haihuwa ta hanyar hulɗa da ruwan jikin uwa ko kuma ta hanyar mahaifa. <ref name="Santrock" /> Iyaye mata a ƙasashe masu tasowa sau da yawa suna iya zaɓar yin tiyatar haihuwa don rage haɗarin yada kwayar cutar ta hanyar hanyar haihuwa, amma wannan zaɓin ba koyaushe yake samuwa a ƙasashe masu tasowa ba. <ref name="McIntyre">{{Cite journal |vauthors=McIntyre J, Gray G |date=January 2002 |title=What can we do to reduce mother to child transmission of HIV? |journal=BMJ |volume=324 |issue=7331 |pages=218–21 |doi=10.1136/bmj.324.7331.218 |jstor=25227275 |pmc=1122134 |pmid=11809646}}</ref> == Shawarwari kan lafiyar uwaye masu juna biyu == Kula da lafiyar uwa da kuma kula da tayin yana farawa ne da lafiyar haihuwa. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar cewa matakin farko zuwa ga lafiya shine abinci mai kyau wanda ya haɗa da gaurayen kayan lambu, nama, kifi, goro, hatsi gaba ɗaya, 'ya'yan itatuwa da wake. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=WHO recommendations on maternal health: guidelines approved by the WHO guidelines review committee |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259268/WHO-MCA-17.10-eng.pdf;jsessionid=7577C2BF2CBB9E1729BA005E0EC7D20F?sequence=1 |access-date=19 March 2020 |publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ana ba da shawarar mata masu juna biyu su sha ƙarin ƙarfe da folic acid kowace rana. Babban Likitan Fiɗa na Amurka ya ba da shawarar waɗannan ƙarin abinci don taimakawa hana matsalolin haihuwa ga uwaye da jarirai kamar ƙarancin nauyin haihuwa, rashin jini, [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]] da haihuwa kafin lokacin haihuwa. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-10 |title=Pregnancy Health: Exercise Programs to Prevent Gestational Hypertension |url=https://www.thecommunityguide.org/findings/pregnancy-health-exercise-programs-prevent-gestational-hypertension |access-date=2020-04-29 |website=The Guide to Community Preventive Services (The Community Guide) |language=en}}</ref> Folic acid na iya taimakawa wajen samar da bututun jijiyoyi a cikin tayin, wanda ke faruwa da wuri a lokacin daukar ciki don haka ya kamata a ba da shawarar da wuri-wuri. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250796/9789241549912-eng.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=19 March 2020 |publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> Ana kuma ba da shawarar ƙarin Calcium da Vitamin A lokacin da waɗannan mahadi ba su samuwa ko kuma ana samun su ne kawai a cikin ƙananan allurai a cikin abincin halitta amma ba a ba da shawarar wasu ƙarin abinci kamar Vitamin D, E, C, da B6 ba. <ref name=":1" /> WHO ta kuma ba da shawarar cewa motsa jiki mai ƙarancin tasiri da rage shan caffeine zuwa ƙasa da 330&nbsp;mg/rana na iya taimakawa wajen rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan jarirai. <ref name=":0" /> Ya kamata a ci gaba da motsa jiki mai sauƙi ga mata masu juna biyu domin an ba da shawarar a yaƙi da mummunan sakamako na lafiya, illolin da ke tattare da kiba. <ref name=":4" /> Shawarar da aka yi watsi da ita cewa bugun zuciyar mata masu juna biyu bai kamata ya wuce 140 ba kamar yadda aka yi a shekarar 2012 har yanzu ana kyautata zaton ta fi yawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Evenson |first=Kelly |last2=Hesketh |first2=Kathryn |date=Jan–Feb 2023 |title=Monitoring Physical Activity Intensity During Pregnancy |journal=American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=18–31 |doi=10.1177/15598276211052277 |pmc=9830234 |pmid=36636387}}</ref> Idan akwai yiwuwar illa ga ciki, kamar tashin zuciya, amai, ƙwannafi, ciwon ƙafa, ciwon baya, da maƙarƙashiya; WHO ta ba da shawarar motsa jiki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, abinci mai kyau, ko ƙarin kayan lambu na halitta don rage tasirin. <ref name=":0" /> Babban Likitan Likita na Amurka ya ba da shawarar a guji shan barasa ko nicotine ta kowace hanya a tsawon lokacin da mutum ke da juna biyu, da kuma guje wa amfani da shi azaman hanyar rage wasu illolin ciki da aka ambata a baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2016 |title=Surgeon General Releases Report on E-Cigarettes |url=https://naspa.us/blog/2016/12/09/surgeon-general-releases-report-e-cigarettes/ |publisher=National Alliance of State Pharmacy Associations (NASPA)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2024 |title=E-Cigarettes and Pregnancy |url=https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-infant-health/pregnancy-substance-abuse/e-cigarettes.html |publisher=CDC}}</ref> Idan aka haifi jariri lafiya, yawanci ana ba da shawarar iyaye mata da jarirai su zauna a asibiti na tsawon awanni 24 kafin su tafi. Ana ba da shawarar wannan don a ba da lokaci don tantance uwa da ɗanta game da duk wata matsala kamar zubar jini ko ƙarin maƙura. WHO ta ba da shawarar cewa jarirai su yi gwaje-gwaje tare da likita a rana ta 3, rana ta 7-14 da makonni 6 bayan haihuwa. <ref name=":0"/> A waɗannan alƙawarin da suka biyo baya, ya kamata a yi la'akari da lafiyar motsin rai na uwa. WHO kuma ta ba da shawarar kula da yiwuwar [[Rashin lafiya bayan haihuwa|ɓacin rai bayan haihuwa]], wanda ke shafar kashi 10-15% na iyaye mata a ƙasashe 40. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Halbreich U, Karkun S |date=April 2006 |title=Cross-cultural and social diversity of prevalence of postpartum depression and depressive symptoms |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032705004222 |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |volume=91 |issue=2–3 |pages=97–111 |doi=10.1016/j.jad.2005.12.051 |pmid=16466664 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wani bita na tsari na 2021 ya gano cewa hanyoyin ba da shawara da ƙwararrun masu ba da sabis, kamar ma'aikatan jinya da ungozoma suka bayar, sun yi tasiri wajen rage ɓacin rai da alamun damuwa a lokacin haihuwa, suna nuna raba aiki da maganin telemedicine don faɗaɗa damar kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ga mata masu juna biyu da bayan haihuwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singla |first=Daisy R. |last2=Lawson |first2=Andrea |last3=Kohrt |first3=Brandon A. |last4=Jung |first4=James W. |last5=Meng |first5=Zifeng |last6=Ratjen |first6=Clarissa |last7=Zahedi |first7=Nika |last8=Dennis |first8=Cindy-Lee |last9=Patel |first9=Vikram |date=2021-05-01 |title=Implementation and Effectiveness of Nonspecialist-Delivered Interventions for Perinatal Mental Health in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |journal=JAMA Psychiatry |language=en |volume=78 |issue=5 |pages=498–509 |doi=10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4556 |issn=2168-622X |pmc=7859878 |pmid=33533904}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singla |first=Daisy R. |last2=Silver |first2=Richard K. |last3=Vigod |first3=Simone N. |last4=Schoueri-Mychasiw |first4=Nour |last5=Kim |first5=J. Jo |last6=La Porte |first6=Laura M. |last7=Ravitz |first7=Paula |last8=Schiller |first8=Crystal E. |last9=Lawson |first9=Andrea S. |last10=Kiss |first10=Alex |last11=Hollon |first11=Steven D. |last12=Dennis |first12=Cindy-Lee |last13=Berenbaum |first13=Tara S. |last14=Krohn |first14=Holly A. |last15=Gibori |first15=Jamie E. |date=2025 |title=Task-sharing and telemedicine delivery of psychotherapy to treat perinatal depression: a pragmatic, noninferiority randomized trial |journal=Nature Medicine |language=en |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=1214–1224 |doi=10.1038/s41591-024-03482-w |issn=1078-8956 |pmc=12003186 |pmid=40033113}}</ref> A waɗannan rajista, uwaye kuma suna da damar neman shawara daga likita game da fara shayarwa. <ref name=":1"/> == Tasirin dogon lokaci ga uwa == Matsalolin lafiyar uwa sun haɗa da matsaloli daga haihuwa waɗanda ba sa haifar da mutuwa. Ga kowace mace da ta mutu yayin haihuwa, kimanin 20 suna kamuwa da cuta, rauni, ko [[nakasa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2010 |title=Maternal deaths worldwide drop by third |url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2010/maternal_mortality_20100915/en/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918223508/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2010/maternal_mortality_20100915/en/index.html |archive-date=18 September 2010 |publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> Kimanin kashi 75% na mata da ke mutuwa a lokacin haihuwa za su kasance da rai a yau idan suna da damar yin rigakafi da kula da lafiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2010 |title=Maternal Health: Investing in the Lifeline of Healthy Societies & Economies |url=https://www.who.int/pmnch/topics/maternal/app_maternal_health_english.pdf |journal=Africa Progress Panel |publisher=African Progress Panel}}</ref> Mata baƙar fata sun fi fuskantar mutuwar da ta shafi ciki da kuma samun kulawar lafiya mara inganci a lokacin daukar ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 2018 |title=Snapshot: Black Maternal Health in the United States |url=https://nationalpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/maternity-snapshot-black-maternal-health.pdf |journal=Snapshot |publisher=National Partnership for Women & Families}}</ref> Matan da ke fama da [[hawan jini]] na yau da kullun kafin su yi ciki suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da matsaloli kamar haihuwa da wuri, ƙarancin nauyin haihuwa ko kuma haihuwa gawa . <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Al Khalaf SY, O'Reilly ÉJ, Barrett PM, B Leite DF, Pawley LC, McCarthy FP, Khashan AS |date=May 2021 |title=Impact of Chronic Hypertension and Antihypertensive Treatment on Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=Journal of the American Heart Association |volume=10 |issue=9 |doi=10.1161/JAHA.120.018494 |pmc=8200761 |pmid=33870708}}</ref> Matan da ke fama da hawan jini kuma suka sami matsaloli a cikin ciki suna da haɗarin kamuwa da [[Cutar zuciya|cututtukan zuciya]] sau uku idan aka kwatanta da mata masu hawan jini na yau da kullun waɗanda ba su da wata matsala a cikin ciki. Kula da hawan jini na mata masu juna biyu zai iya taimakawa wajen hana rikitarwa da cututtukan zuciya na gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2023-11-21 |title=Pregnancy complications increase the risk of heart attacks and stroke in women with high blood pressure |url=https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/pregnancy-complications-increase-the-risk-of-heart-attacks-and-stroke-in-women-with-high-blood-pressure/ |journal=NIHR Evidence |type=Plain English summary |publisher=National Institute for Health and Care Research |doi=10.3310/nihrevidence_60660 |s2cid=265356623 |url-access=subscription |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Al Khalaf S, Chappell LC, Khashan AS, McCarthy FP, O'Reilly ÉJ |date=July 2023 |title=Association Between Chronic Hypertension and the Risk of 12 Cardiovascular Diseases Among Parous Women: The Role of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes |journal=Hypertension |volume=80 |issue=7 |pages=1427–1438 |doi=10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20628 |pmid=37170819 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kusan kashi 50% na haihuwar da ake yi a ƙasashe masu tasowa har yanzu suna faruwa ba tare da ƙwararren likita ba don taimaka wa uwa, kuma rabon ya fi yawa a Kudancin Asiya. <ref name="UNICEF">{{Harvard citation no brackets|UNICEF Maternal Health}}</ref> Mata a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara galibi suna dogara ne da masu kula da haihuwa na gargajiya (TBAs), waɗanda ba su da horo na musamman ko kuma ba su da shi. Don gane rawar da suke takawa, wasu ƙasashe da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna yin ƙoƙari don horar da masu kula da haihuwa na gargajiya a kan batutuwan lafiyar uwa, don inganta damar samun sakamako mafi kyau ga lafiya tsakanin uwaye da jarirai. <ref>{{Cite web |year=1996 |title=Evaluation Findings: Support to traditional birth attendants |url=http://www.unfpa.org/monitoring/pdf/n-issue7.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202064549/http://www.unfpa.org/monitoring/pdf/n-issue7.pdf |archive-date=2 December 2012 |access-date=3 March 2011 |publisher=United Nations Population Fund}}</ref> Shayar da jarirai nono yana ba wa mata fa'idodi da yawa na dogon lokaci. Matan da ke shayarwa suna samun ingantaccen matakin glucose, metabolism na lipid, da hawan jini, kuma suna rage kiba cikin sauri fiye da waɗanda ba sa shayarwa. Bugu da ƙari, mata masu shayarwa suna fuskantar ƙarancin ciwon nono, ciwon daji na ovarian, da ciwon suga na nau'in 2. <ref name="Stuebe&Schwarz">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Stuebe AM, Schwarz EB |date=March 2010 |title=The risks and benefits of infant feeding practices for women and their children |journal=Journal of Perinatology |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=155–62 |doi=10.1038/jp.2009.107 |pmid=19609306 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa shayarwa tana ba da fa'idodi masu yawa ga mata waɗanda ba su kamu da cutar HIV ba. A ƙasashen da yawan HIV/AIDS ya yi yawa, kamar Afirka ta Kudu da Kenya, ƙwayar cutar ita ce babbar sanadin mace-macen mata masu juna biyu, musamman ga uwaye masu shayarwa. <ref name="McIntyre"/> Wani matsala ita ce iyaye mata da yawa da ke ɗauke da cutar HIV ba za su iya biyan kuɗin madara ba, don haka ba su da wata hanyar hana yaɗuwa ga yaro ta hanyar nono ko guje wa haɗarin lafiya ga kansu. <ref name="Hollander">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hollander D |date=September 2000 |title=Most Infant HIV Infection from Breast Milk Occurs within Six Weeks of Birth |journal=International Family Planning Perspectives |volume=26 |issue=3 |page=141 |doi=10.2307/2648305 |jstor=2648305}}</ref> A irin waɗannan yanayi, uwaye ba su da wani zaɓi illa su shayar da jarirai nono ba tare da la'akari da iliminsu game da illolin ba. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 84d5wn98xfsymqjxal7qzlvimin2w7y 0 158837 888072 861912 2026-07-27T10:59:49Z DaSupremo 9834 DaSupremo moved page [[Sabon Yankin]] to [[Neoguarea]]: Misspelled title 861912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Neoguarea glomerulata''''' nau'in shuka ne na fure a cikin dangin Meliaceae . Itace ko ciyayi ne da aka samo asali daga yankin Afirka mai zafi na yamma, tun daga kudancin [[Najeriya]] har zuwa [[Kamaru]], [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Congo]], da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo]] . Ita ce kadai nau'in da ke cikin nau'in '''''Neoguarea''''' . Yana girma a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Guineo-Congo . An fara sanya wa wannan nau'in suna ''Guarea glomerulata'' ta hannun Hermann Harms a shekarar 1896. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2012 ya gano cewa nau'in ''Guarea'' na Afirka ya bambanta da nau'in Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, kuma an sake sanya ''G. glomerulata'' a matsayin ''Neoguarea glomerulata'' kuma aka sanya shi a cikin nau'in halittarsa. == Manazarta == dozq6p3oua82v0gai17ug63lc6u0yjz 888074 888072 2026-07-27T11:00:42Z DaSupremo 9834 Removed italics 888074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Neoguarea glomerulata'''''nau'in shuka ne na fure a cikin dangin Meliaceae . Itace ko ciyayi ne da aka samo asali daga yankin Afirka mai zafi na yamma, tun daga kudancin [[Najeriya]] har zuwa [[Kamaru]], [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Congo]], da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo]] . Ita ce kadai nau'in da ke cikin nau'in '''Neoguarea''' . Yana girma a cikin dazuzzukan daji na Guineo-Congo . An fara sanya wa wannan nau'in suna ''Guarea glomerulata'' ta hannun Hermann Harms a shekarar 1896. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2012 ya gano cewa nau'in ''Guarea'' na Afirka ya bambanta da nau'in Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, kuma an sake sanya ''G. glomerulata'' a matsayin ''Neoguarea glomerulata'' kuma aka sanya shi a cikin nau'in halittarsa. == Manazarta == 66kjbig5dtrdfedzvthastkhtjbs98w 0 158842 888075 861925 2026-07-27T11:05:22Z DaSupremo 9834 888075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''La Surprise''''' wani ChamoisChamois ne na Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|na Yaƙin Duniya na II]] Arsenal de [[Lorient]] da ke Brittany ya ƙaddamar da ita a ranar 17 ga Yuni 1939. {{Sfn|Le Masson|1969}} kuma an naɗa ta a matsayin ma'aikaci a watan Maris 1940. <ref>{{Cite web |title=La Surprise |url=https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/6190.html |access-date=4 January 2020 |website=uboat.net}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1942, jirgin ruwan yaki na Royal Navy {{HMS|Brilliant|H84|6}} ya fara aiki.{{HMS|Brilliant|H84|6}} ya nutsar da ''La Surprise'' da harbin bindiga a kan [[Oran]], {{Sfn|Le Masson|1969}} [[Aljeriya ta Faransa|Faransa Algeria]], a lokacin [[Aikin Torch|Operation Torch]], mamayar da kawancen kawance suka yi wa Faransa a Arewacin Afirka . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} c5b72tg0ljrtk66n0jmuk5j54g5ahyy 0 158856 888078 861991 2026-07-27T11:22:49Z DaSupremo 9834 Added heading 888078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''USCGC ''Sebago''''' aji ne na {{Sclass2|Lake|cutter||USCG}}An ƙaddamar da ta rundunar tsaron gabar tekun Amurka a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1930 kuma aka fara aiki da ita a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1930. Bayan shekaru 11 na aiki tare da rundunar tsaron gabar tekun, an mayar da ita zuwa rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy a matsayin wani ɓangare na Lend-Lease ga ƙawayenta kuma ta zama '''HMS ''Walney''''' . Bayan wani lokaci yana aikin rakiyar ayarin motoci, an zaɓi ''Walney'' a matsayin Operation Reservist a matsayin wani ɓangare na [[Aikin Torch|mamayar da ƙawancen ƙasashen waje suka yi wa arewacin Afirka ta Faransa]] . ''Walney'', tare da ''[[USCGC Pontchartrain (1928)|Hartland]]'' za su shiga tashar jiragen ruwa [[Oran|ta Oran]] su kuma su ba da sojojin ƙasa waɗanda za su mallaki manyan wurare kafin a lalata su. Ta shiga tashar jiragen ruwa amma bindigogin Faransa sun yi ta dukanta akai-akai. Ta sami damar isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta kuma kai 'yan tsirarun da suka tsira, amma daga baya aka kama su; daga nan ''Walney'' ya nutse. An ba kyaftin ɗinta, Frederick Thornton Peters lambar yabo ta Victoria Cross <ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36019|date=14 May 1943}}</ref> "saboda jarumtakar da ta nuna wajen kai HMS Walney, cikin wani mummunan yanayi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Oran...", da kuma Rundunar Sojin Amurka ta Musamman don irin waɗannan ayyukan. == Sana'a == === Kwamiti da canja wurin aiki === Asalinta ita ce mai tsaron gabar tekun Amurka, ''Sebago'', wani {{Sclass2|Lake|cutter||United States Coast Guard Cutter}} tsawon ƙafa 250 a cikin tafkin.An ba ta aikin rundunar tsaron gabar teku a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1930, wadda ta fara aiki a New York kuma ta halarci wasu jiragen ruwa na kadet na Kwalejin Tsaron Teku kafin a sake tura ta zuwa Norfolk, Virginia . An sake suna zuwa HMS ''Walney'' lokacin da aka ba ta aikin soja a rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1941 a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Hayar Lend-Lease . <ref>U.S. Coast Guard and Revenue Cutters, 1790-1935, Donald L. Canney, 1995, U.S. Naval Institute, {{ISBN|1-55750-101-7}}</ref> === Tare da jerin gwanon === [[Fayil:HMS_Walney.jpg|right|thumb|''Sebago'' yana aiki a matsayin HMS ''Walney'' .]] ''Walney'' ta shiga Sashen Londonderry Sloop a watan Yuni, kuma an ba ta aikin rakiyar hanyar da jiragen ruwan Atlantika ke bi. A watan Yuli an tura ta cikin Western Approaches kuma a ranar 24 ga Yuli aka tura ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na rakiyar jerin gwanon motoci daga St. John's, Newfoundland zuwa Burtaniya. A ranar 14 ga Agusta, ''Walney'' ta shiga wani kamfanin jiragen ruwa [[Liverpool|na Liverpool]] don yin gyare-gyare don dacewa da ita a matsayin mai rakiya. Ta koma Western Approaches a ranar 9 ga Satumba kuma aka mayar da ita zuwa 41st Escort Group don taimakawa wajen kare jerin gwanon motoci tsakanin Burtaniya da Yammacin Afirka. An tura ta ta farko kwanaki bayan haka a ranar 12 ga Satumba, lokacin da aka tura ta a matsayin mai rakiya ga Convoy OS-6, wanda ya ƙunshi 'yan kasuwa 29 da ke kan hanyar zuwa [[Banjul|Bathurst, Gambia]] . An ware ''Walney'' a lokacin da jerin gwanon motocin ke rakiya ta cikin Atlantic, kuma ta haɗu da [[USCGC Pontchartrain (1928)|HMS ''Hartland'']] wajen rakiyar jerin gwanon motoci kirar SL-88 da aka haɗa daga [[Freetown]] da HG-74 daga [[Gibraltar]] zuwa Liverpool. Wannan jerin gwanon jiragen ruwa na haɗin gwiwa ya ƙunshi jiragen ruwa 37. An ware ta daga wannan ayarin motocin a ranar 18 ga Oktoba kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Belfast . Ta isa ranar 20 ga Oktoba kuma an sake gyara ta. Bayan kammala aikin a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, ''Walney'' ta sake shiga Rukunin 41. == Manazarta == 8q1j2jvk5px2z7ce5ccpwawczeco88i 0 158873 888091 862029 2026-07-27T11:49:27Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Lophiobagrus''''' wani nau'in Kifi ne a cikin dangin Claroteidae . Suna da iyaka a [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a Afirka. == Nau'o'in == A halin yanzu akwai nau'o'i hudu da aka sani a cikin wannan nau'in: * ''Lophiobagrus aquilus'' <small>R. M. Bailey & D. J. Stewart, 1984</small> * ''[[Lophiobagrus asperispinis]]'' <small>R. M. Bailey & D. J. Stewart, 1984</small> * ''Lophiobagrus brevispinis'' <small>R. M. Bailey & D. J. Stewart, 1984</small> * ''Lophiobagrus cyclurus'' <small> (Worthington & Ricardo, 1937) </small> - shugaban Afirka == Manazarta == liqrwh3ncb5plnikgqkyvxsj2el9hug 0 158875 888092 862034 2026-07-27T11:50:18Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Neo''Lamprologus''''''' wani nau'in cichlids ne wanda ke faruwa a gabashin Afirka tare da dukkan nau'o'in da ke faruwa a [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] . Ita ce mafi girman nau'in cichlids a cikin Tafkin Tanganyika kuma mafi girma a cikin kabilar Lamprologini, wanda ya haɗa da ''Altolamprologus'', ''Chalinochromis'', ''Julidochromis'', Lamprologus (''Lepidiolamprologus''), ''[[Telmatochromis]]'' da Variabilichromis. Wannan na ƙarshe shine nau'in jinsin da ba a san shi da ''Neolamprologus''. An riga an san shi na ɗan lokaci cewa bisa ga nazarin jerin mtDNA, wannan nau'in mai yiwuwa ne polyphyletic. Wataƙila za a sake fasalinsa a ƙarshe; idan aka raba Variabilichromis, aƙalla wasu daga cikin tsoffin layin da aka sanya a halin yanzu a cikin ''Neolamprologus'' tabbas sun cancanci rabuwa. Koyaya, kamanceceniyar yanayin da nau'ikan da ba a bayyana su ba su sauƙaƙa bincike ba, kuma kamar yadda yake tare da yawancin cichlids, ƙwayoyin halitta na baya-bayan nan da ƙwayoyin Haɗuwa da yawa sun rikita nazarin kwayoyin har zuwa inda nazarin kwayar halitta guda ɗaya ko waɗanda ke amfani da mtDNA ko nDNA kawai ba su da amfani don warware phylogeny na Lamprologini. Duk da yake zuriya sun bambanta a cikin yanayin su, halaye da muhalli, yaduwar kwayar halitta tsakanin jinsuna da jinsuna ya zama ruwan dare saboda ƙarancin keɓewar postzygotic. Maza na ''Neolamprologus'' a bayyane suke koyaushe da sauƙi kuma sun sami nasarar yin jima'i da mata na wasu Lamprologini da suka samu a shirye don haifuwa: layin mtDNA masu kama da sauran jinsunan Lamprologani suna haɗuwa da yawa a cikin jinsunan da aka sanya a ''Neolamprologus''. Kuma ba wai kawai yin irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna da kyau aƙalla zuwa iyakantaccen matsayi a lokuta da yawa ba, sababbin nau'o'in sau da yawa suna bayyana sun samo asali ne daga irin wannan haɗuwa. [[Fayil:Neolamprologus_cylindricus.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|''Neolamprologus cylindricus'']] == Manazarta == fok4373bvloqsz5izusphwbf0yiti70 0 158965 888023 862416 2026-07-27T09:16:55Z Abubakar Kaddi 24783 888023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sufuri a Kenya''' yana nufin tsarin sufuri a [[Kenya]] . Ƙasar tana da hanyar sadarwa mai faɗi ta hanyoyi masu shimfida da marasa shimfida. [[Jirgin ƙasa|Tsarin layin dogo]] na Kenya yana haɗa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na ƙasar da manyan biranen ƙasar kuma yana haɗa Kenya da maƙwabciyarta [[Uganda]] . Akwai filayen jiragen sama 15 masu titin jirgin sama mai shimfida. [[Fayil:Roads_in_Kenya.svg|thumb|456x456px|Taswirar Kenya da ke nuna manyan tituna tun daga shekarar 2013.]] Akwai kimanin matatus ( bas ) 100,000, waɗanda suka ƙunshi mafi yawan tsarin sufuri na jama'a a ƙasar. Kamfanin bas na [[Kenya Bus Services|Kenya]] da ya taɓa zama babban kamfanin bas a Kenya, ya fuskanci matsalolin kuɗi, wanda hakan ya tilasta musu rage yawan bas ɗin da ake aiki da su. A halin yanzu suna aiki da ƙananan bas a cikin birnin Nairobi, kodayake an shigar da sabbin ƙananan bas na birni waɗanda ke ba wa fasinjoji ƙarin kwanciyar hankali da aminci a wasu hanyoyin cikin gari. Kamfanin Coast Bus, wanda shi ne kamfanin bas mafi tsufa a Kenya, yana gudanar da ayyukan yini da dare tsakanin Nairobi da birnin Mombasa da ke bakin teku. Ascott yana da ƙananan motoci waɗanda ke ba da sabis na jigilar kaya tsakanin Nairobi da Kisii ; suna ba da kayan ciye-ciye a cikin jirgin. Kamfanin bas na Guardian, Ltd, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa wanda ke gudanar da sabis na bas na Guardian, yana gudanar da ayyukan bas na fasinjoji da jigilar kaya dare da rana zuwa wurare da dama a Yammacin Kenya. Sauran kamfanonin bas a Kenya sun haɗa da Modern Coast, Nyamira Express, Otange, MASH, Vanga, Simba coach, Xenon dreamline, Messina, MAslah, Amani coachs, west coachs, Horizon, 2nk sacco, Chania Comfort, chania genesis, parrot line, x calibur da Crown Bus, amma akwai wasu kamfanoni da dama da ke ba da sabis tsakanin birane kamar Eldoret Express, Kawere, Climax, Greenline, Western Express, Mbukinya, Kalita Coaches da Palmdam. Akwai kuma kamfanonin bas da yawa da ke aiki da van zuwa yammacin Kenya kamar Sasaline, Blueline, Classic, Khukhu, Royal Rift, Transline msafiri, Transline classic, Premium shuttles, Nyanza shuttle, North Rift, Molo Line da Mash Poa. Taxedo == Manazarta == plnlpaasl4flih74iviufsyrgpgl9ko 0 159157 888053 863450 2026-07-27T09:56:01Z BnHamid 12586 888053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} '''''Inonotus andersonii''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''itacen oak canker-rot''' da kuma lalacewar zuciya, nau'in resupinate polypore fungus ne wanda ke samar da jikin 'ya'yan itace a ƙarƙashin itacen itace.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Winter 2010 |title=Decay fungi of oaks and associated hardwoods for western arborists - Jessie A. Glaeser and Kevin T. Smith - Western Arborist |url=https://www.nrs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/jrnl/2010/nrs_2010_glaeser_003.pdf |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.nrs.fs.usda.gov |page=37}}</ref> ''I. andersonii'' yana haifar da lalacewar cutar kansa a cikin itacen oak, hickory, cottonwood, da bishiyoyin willow.<ref name="inaturalist-Inonotus andersonii">{{Cite web |title=Inonotus andersonii |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/537039-Inonotus-andersonii |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=iNaturalist |language=en-US}}</ref> Itacen da wannan nau'in ya kamu da shi ya bayyana yana da launi kuma yana raguwa cikin sauƙi. Inda lalacewar sapwood ta kai ga cambium, ana iya kashe cambium, yana haifar da ciwon daji mai ganuwa a waje. Cankers da ''I. andersonii'' ya haifar yawanci suna da tsawo kuma suna iya zama callused a gefen. Yankin da ke kusa da fadadawa ko ciwon daji mai tasowa na iya fitar da nau'o'i daban-daban na ruwan duhu. Rassan da suka kamu ko bishiyoyi na iya nuna alamun raguwa na gaba ɗaya ciki har da rashin girma, raguwa, mutuwa, tsiro na epicormic (gajeren rassan da ke fitowa daga buds a kan manyan rassan diamita) da reshe ko gazawar akwati. Gabaɗaya, itatuwa masu ragowar cutar sankara suna raguwa sannu a hankali, sau da yawa suna bayyana suna mutuwa daga saman zuwa ƙasa yayin da suke raguwa a hankali a cikin shekaru da yawa. Jikin 'ya'yan itace (basidiocarps) na wannan fungus na iya bayyana a kan bishiyoyi masu rai ko a kan rassan da suka gaza kwanan nan. ''I. andersonii'' shine "wani kwayar cuta na gaskiya na bishiyoyi masu rai tare da takamaiman takamaiman itacen oak, [wanda] ke nuna shekara-shekara, yawan 'ya'yan itace, tsarin hyphal monomitic, da kuma ellipsoid, mai launin rawaya, basidiospores masu kauri". ''Inonotus andersonii'' da irin wannan rots na canker sune cututtukan oak na California kuma suna da alaƙa da raguwar itacen oaks, gazawar, da mutuwa a cikin gandun daji da yawa. [[Fayil:Inonotus_andersonii_imported_from_iNaturalist_photo_9132830_on_15_March_2024.jpg|center|thumb|400x400px|White oak log a Clarke County, Georgia, cikakke allurar ''Inonotus andersonii'', halayen kamuwa da cuta da masanin ilimin muhalli Bill Sheehan (iNaturalist) ya lakafta]] == Dubi kuma == * ''Inonotus dryophilus'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3nuhu7vf0hiem3uwsa5vay1ojt2d2ae 0 159341 887918 864634 2026-07-26T22:57:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hukumar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Scotland (PHS;[1] Gaelic na Scotland: Slàinte Poblach na h-Alba) ita ce hukumar kula da lafiyar jama'a ta ƙasa ta Scotland.[2][3] Hukumar Lafiya ta Musamman ta NHS ce, kuma tana da alhakin haɗin gwiwa ga Yarjejeniyar Hukumomin Ƙananan Hukumomin Scotland (COSLA) da Gwamnatin Scotland. Ta kammala aiwatar da ayyukanta daga 1 ga Afrilu 2020 a matsayin babbar hukumar ƙasa ta Scotland don ingantawa da kare lafiya da walwalar dukkan mutanen Scotland, COSLA da Gwamnatin Scotland ne ke ɗaukar nauyinta tare, kuma tana haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyoyin ɓangare na uku.[4] Matsayinta shine kara tsawon rayuwa mai kyau da rage mutuwar da ba ta dace ba. Yankunan da aka mayar da hankali sune COVID-19, lafiyar hankali da jin daɗi, al'umma da wuri, da talauci da yara.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Our areas of work |url=https://www.publichealthscotland.scot/our-areas-of-work/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828000827/https://publichealthscotland.scot/our-areas-of-work/ |archive-date=2020-08-28 |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=Public Health Scotland |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shugaban zartarwa na farko na kwamitin shine Angela Leitch, tsohon shugaban zartarwa ya Majalisar East Lothian . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Public Health Scotland first Chief Executive appointed |url=https://www.rehis.com/node/11295 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=www.rehis.com |language=en}}</ref> Paul Johnston, tsohon Darakta Janar a cikin Gwamnatin Scotland, ya ɗauki matsayin a 2023. == Asalin == Kwamitin ya samo asali ne daga sake tsara lafiyar jama'a a Scotland, wanda aka tsara a cikin Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na 2015 kuma ya ci gaba da bunkasa a cikin Shirin Bayar da Kiwon Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a ta 2016.[1][2] Lafiya ta Jama'a Scotland ta kasance a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2019 a karkashin Dokar Lafiya ta Scotland ta 2019 sannan aka canja dukiya, hakkoki da alhakin a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2020.[3] Wanda ya riga shi, Lafiya ta Scotland, ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na Lafiya ta Jama'a ta Scotland . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=About us |url=https://www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/about-us/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=Health Protection Scotland}}</ref> PHS kuma ta ɗauki nauyin ayyukan Sashen Ayyukan Bayanai na NHS Scotland, tana ba da kididdiga da nazarin bayanai.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Information Services Division |url=https://www.isdscotland.org/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=www.isdscotland.org}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Lafiya a Ƙasar Ingila * Jerin hukumomin kiwon lafiya na kasa * Hukumar Tsaro ta Burtaniya * Ofishin Inganta Lafiya da Bambance-bambance * Lafiyar Jama'a Wales * Hukumar Lafiya ta Jama'a (Northern Ireland) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nnxrb2ttgakwzk9v0vvkhowd7zzabe0 0 159375 887961 887584 2026-07-27T05:04:05Z Mahuta 11340 887961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Cytomegalovirus''''' ( '''CMV''' ) (daga ''cyto-'' 'cell' ta hanyar Girkanci {{Lang|grc|κύτος}} {{Transl|grc|kútos}} - 'kwantena' + {{Lang|grc|μέγας}} {{Transl|grc|mégas}} 'babban, megalo-' + - ''kwayar cutar'' ta [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] {{Lang|la|vīrus}} 'guba') nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta ne a cikin tsari na ''Herpesvirales'', a cikin dangin ''Orthoherpesviridae'', <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Anshu A, Tan D, Chee SP, Mehta JS, Htoon HM |date=August 2017 |title=Interventions for the management of CMV-associated anterior segment inflammation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2017 |issue=8 |doi=10.1002/14651858.cd011908.pub2 |pmc=6483705 |pmid=28838031}}</ref> a cikin ƙaramin iyali ''na Betaherpesvirinae'' . [[Ɗan Adam|Mutane]] da sauran birai suna aiki a matsayin masu masaukin baki na halitta. Nau'ikan 11 a cikin wannan nau'in sun haɗa da cutar cytomegalovirus ta ɗan adam (HCMV, HHV-5), wanda shine nau'in da ke kamuwa da mutane. Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da HHV-5 sun haɗa da mononucleosis da [[ciwon huhu]], <ref name="ViralZone">{{Cite web |title=Viral Zone |url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/180.html |access-date=15 June 2015 |publisher=ExPASy}}</ref> <ref name="ICTV">{{Cite web |date=March 2023 |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2022 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |access-date=16 September 2022 |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)}}</ref> da kuma [[Cutar cytomegalovirus ta haihuwa|CMV na haihuwa]] a cikin jarirai na iya haifar da nau'ikan lahani na haihuwa, gami da waɗanda suka shafi idanu, kunnuwa, hanta, da saifa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-23 |title=Cytomegalovirus (CMV) |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cytomegalovirus-cmv/ |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=nhs.uk |language=en}}</ref> A cikin wallafe-wallafen likitanci, yawancin ambaton CMV ba tare da ƙarin bayani ba yana nufin CMV na ɗan adam. CMV na ɗan adam shine mafi yawan bincike a cikin dukkan ƙwayoyin cuta na cytomegalovirus. An gano furotin na MX2/MXB a matsayin abin da ke hana ƙwayoyin cuta na herpes, wanda ke aiki a farkon matakin zagayowar kwafi kuma ƙuntatawa ta MX2/MXB na herpesvirus yana buƙatar aikin GTPase.<ref name="Staeheli_2018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Staeheli P, Haller O |date=December 2018 |title=Human MX2/MxB: a Potent Interferon-Induced Postentry Inhibitor of Herpesviruses and HIV-1 |journal=Journal of Virology |volume=92 |issue=24 |pages= |doi=10.1128/JVI.00709-18 |pmc=6258936 |pmid=30258007}}</ref> == Tsarin Haraji == A cikin dangin ''Orthoherpesviridae'', CMV na cikin dangin ''Betaherpesvirinae'', wanda ya haɗa da kwayar halittar ''Muromegalovirus'' da ''Roseolovirus'' ( cutar herpesvirus ta ɗan adam 6 da cutar herpesvirus ta ɗan adam 7). Hakanan yana da alaƙa da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na herpes a cikin dangin ''Alphaherpesvirinae'', waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta na herpes simplex 1 da 2 da ƙwayar cuta ta varicella-zoster, da kuma dangin ''Gammaherpesvirinae'', waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙwayar cuta ta Epstein-Barr da ƙwayar cuta ta herpes da ke da alaƙa da Kaposi's sarcoma . An gano nau'ikan ''cutar Cytomegalovirus'' da dama kuma an rarraba su ga dabbobi masu shayarwa daban-daban. Wanda aka fi bincike a kansa shine cutar Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), wanda kuma aka sani da cutar Human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). Sauran nau'ikan CMV na primate sun hada da Chimpanzee cytomegalovirus (CCMV) wanda ke kamuwa da chimpanzees da orangutans, da Simian cytomegalovirus (SCCCMV) da Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) wanda ke kamuwa da macaques ; CCMV an san shi da Panine herpesvirus 2 (PaHV-2) da Pongine betaherpesvirus 4 (PoHV-4).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panine betaherpesvirus 2 (Chimpanzee cytomegalovirus) |url=https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/188763 |access-date=13 March 2019 |website=www.uniprot.org}}</ref> SCCMV ana kiranta Cercopithecine herpesvirus 5 (CeHV-5) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Simian cytomegalovirus (strain Colburn) |url=https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/50292 |access-date=13 March 2019 |website=www.uniprot.org}}</ref> da RhCMV, Cercopithecine herpesvirus 8 (CeHV-8).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macacine betaherpesvirus 3 (Rhesus cytomegalovirus) |url=https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/47929 |access-date=13 March 2019 |website=www.uniprot.org}}</ref> An sanya wasu ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu da aka samu a cikin biri na dare a cikin kwayar halittar ''Cytomegalovirus'', kuma ana kiransu Herpesvirus aotus 1 da Herpesvirus aotus 3. Beraye kuma suna da ƙwayoyin cuta da ake kira cytomegaloviruses waɗanda yanzu aka sake rarraba su a ƙarƙashin kwayar halittar ''Muromegalovirus'' ; wannan kwayar halittar ta ƙunshi kwayar halittar Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) wacce kuma aka sani da Murid herpesvirus 1 (MuHV-1) da kuma kwayar cutar Murid herpesvirus 2 (MuHV-2) mai alaƙa da ita wacce ake samu a cikin [[Ɓera|beraye]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2018 |title=Murid herpesvirus 1, complete genome |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_004065.1 |access-date=13 March 2019 |via=NCBI Nucleotide}}</ref> === Nau'o'i === Wannan nau'in halittar ya ƙunshi nau'ikan da ke ƙasa, waɗanda aka jera su da sunan kimiyya sannan aka biyo su da sunan gama gari na wannan nau'in:<ref name="ICTV">{{Cite web |date=March 2023 |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2022 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |access-date=16 September 2022 |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://ictv.global/taxonomy "Virus Taxonomy: 2022 Release"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Species List: ''Orthoherpesviridae'' |url=https://ictv.global/report/chapter/orthoherpesviridae/taxonomy/orthoherpesviridae |access-date=4 May 2026 |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses}}</ref> == Tsarin gini == [[Fayil:CMVschema.svg|right|thumb|Tsarin ''Cytomegalovirus'']] Kwayoyin cuta a cikin ''Cytomegalovirus'' suna da alaƙa, tare da icosahedral, mai siffar ƙwallo zuwa pleomorphic, da kuma siffar zagaye, da kuma daidaiton T=16. Diamita yana kusa da 150–200.&nbsp;nm. Kwayoyin halittar suna layi-layi kuma ba su da rarrabuwa, kimanin 200 kb a tsayi.<ref name="ViralZone">{{Cite web |title=Viral Zone |url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/180.html |access-date=15 June 2015 |publisher=ExPASy}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/180.html "Viral Zone"]. </cite></ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" !Nau'in ! Tsarin gini ! Daidaito ! Capsid ! Tsarin kwayoyin halitta ! Rarraba kwayoyin halitta |- | ''Kwayar cutar Cytomegalovirus'' | Siffar siffar pleomorphic | T=16 | An lulluɓe | Layi mai layi | Jumla ɗaya |} == Kwayoyin halitta == [[Fayil:HCMV_genome.png|alt=|thumb|400x400px|Tsarin halittar HCMV na aji E. An nuna yankuna masu tsayi da gajeru na musamman a matsayin UL da US. An nuna yankuna masu maimaitawa a matsayin jerin a, b da c, inda firam ɗin ke nuna yanayin juyawa. Jerin ''ab'' da ''b′a′'' sun yi daidai da tsawon maimaitawa na ƙarshe/na ciki (TRL/IRL); jerin ''a′ac′'' da ''ca'' sun yi daidai da gajeren maimaitawa na ciki/na ƙarshe (IRS/TRS). '''Sama''' : tsarin kwayar halitta na yau da kullun na nau'in daji; '''ƙasa''' : tsarin kwayar halitta na nau'in AD169, nau'in da aka daidaita da dakin gwaje-gwaje. An nuna sake fasalin kwayoyin halitta da suka faru yayin wucewa mai yawa a ja tsakanin tsarin daji da na dakin gwaje-gwaje. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sijmons S, Van Ranst M, Maes P |date=March 2014 |title=Genomic and functional characteristics of human cytomegalovirus revealed by next-generation sequencing |journal=Viruses |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=1049–1072 |doi=10.3390/v6031049 |pmc=3970138 |pmid=24603756 |doi-access=free}}</ref>]] Kwayoyin cutar Herpes suna da wasu daga cikin manyan kwayoyin halitta a tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam, waɗanda galibi ke ƙunshe da ɗaruruwan sunadarai. Misali, kwayar halittar DNA mai nau'in daji mai nau'in HCMV mai nau'in daji tana da girman kusan 235 kb kuma tana ƙunshe da aƙalla sunadaran 208. Don haka ta fi sauran ƙwayoyin cutar herpes na ɗan adam tsayi kuma ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsayin kwayoyin halitta na dukkan ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam gabaɗaya. Tana da tsarin halittar kwayar halittar herpesvirus na aji E, wanda ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na musamman (dogon UL na musamman da gajeriyar US ta musamman), duka suna da ma'auni biyu na maimaitawa (tashar/maimaita na ciki mai tsawo TRL/IRL da kuma gajeriyar maimaitawa ta ciki/tashar IRS/TRS). Duk saitin maimaitawa suna raba yanki na ƴan ɗaruruwan bps, abin da ake kira "jerin"; sauran yankuna na maimaitawa wani lokacin ana kiransu da "jerin b" da "jerin c". <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sijmons S, Van Ranst M, Maes P |date=March 2014 |title=Genomic and functional characteristics of human cytomegalovirus revealed by next-generation sequencing |journal=Viruses |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=1049–1072 |doi=10.3390/v6031049 |pmc=3970138 |pmid=24603756 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSijmonsVan_RanstMaes2014">Sijmons S, Van Ranst M, Maes P (March 2014). </cite></ref> == Zagayen rayuwa == Kwafiyar ƙwayoyin cuta tana da sinadarin nukiliya kuma tana da sinadarin lysogenic. Ana samun shiga cikin ƙwayar mai masaukin baki ta hanyar haɗa ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɗauke da glycoproteins zuwa masu karɓar baƙi, wanda ke haifar da endocytosis . Kwafiyar tana bin tsarin kwafi na dsDNA mai hanyoyi biyu. Kwafiyar samfurin DNA, tare da wasu hanyoyin haɗa abubuwa ita ce hanyar kwafi. Fassara tana faruwa ta hanyar duban ɗigon ruwa . Kwayar cutar tana fita daga ƙwayar mai masaukin baki ta hanyar fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma bunƙasa. Mutane da birai suna aiki a matsayin masu masaukin baki na halitta. Hanyoyin watsawa sun dogara ne akan haɗuwa da ruwan jiki (kamar yau, fitsari, da kuma fitar da al'aura) daga mutumin da ya kamu da cutar. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" !Nau'in ! Cikakkun bayanai game da mai masaukin baki ! Tropism na nama ! Cikakkun bayanai game da shigarwa ! Cikakkun bayanai game da fitarwa ! Shafin kwafi ! Wurin tattarawa ! Watsawa |- | ''Kwayar cutar Cytomegalovirus'' | mutane; birai | Mucosa na epithelial | Glycoproteins | Buɗewa | Nucleus | Nucleus | Fitsari; yau; haihuwa |} Duk ƙwayoyin cuta na herpes suna da ikon kasancewa a ɓoye a cikin jiki na tsawon lokaci. Ko da yake ana iya samun su a ko'ina cikin jiki, cututtukan CMV galibi suna da alaƙa da glandar ruwan maniyyi a cikin mutane da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa . == Injiniyan kwayoyin halitta == Ana amfani da CMV wajen haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin aikin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta da ake gudanarwa a cikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi masu shayarwa, domin yana da ƙarfi wajen haɓaka ƙwayoyin halitta kuma yana haifar da bayyanar kwayoyin halitta a ƙarƙashin ikonsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Kendall |name-list-style=vanc |date=3 April 2014 |title=Plasmids 101: The Promoter Region – Let's Go! |url=http://blog.addgene.org/plasmids-101-the-promoter-region |website=Addgene Blog}}</ref> == Tarihi == Masanin cututtukan Jamus Hugo Ribbert ne ya fara lura da ''cutar Cytomegalovirus'' a shekarar 1881 lokacin da ya lura da ƙwayoyin halitta masu girma tare da ƙwayoyin halitta masu girma a cikin ƙwayoyin jariri. Shekaru bayan haka, tsakanin 1956 da 1957, Thomas Huckle Weller tare da Smith da Rowe sun ware kwayar cutar daban-daban, wacce aka sani daga baya da "cytomegalovirus". <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Craig JM, Macauley JC, Weller TH, Wirth P |date=January 1957 |title=Isolation of intranuclear inclusion producing agents from infants with illnesses resembling cytomegalic inclusion disease |journal=Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=4–12 |doi=10.3181/00379727-94-22841 |pmid=13400856 |s2cid=29263626}}</ref> A shekarar 1990, an buga daftarin kwayar halittar cytomegalovirus ta ɗan adam na farko, <ref>{{Cite book|ref=6}}</ref> mafi girman kwayar halittar da aka jera a wancan lokacin. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Martí-Carreras J, Maes P |date=April 2019 |title=Human cytomegalovirus genomics and transcriptomics through the lens of next-generation sequencing: revision and future challenges |journal=Virus Genes |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=138–164 |doi=10.1007/s11262-018-1627-3 |pmc=6458973 |pmid=30604286}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * CMV polyradiculomyelopathy == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat}} * [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp CIBIYAR ICTV] {{Medical resources|ICD10={{ICD10|B|25||b|25}}|ICD9={{ICD9|078.5}}|MedlinePlus=000568|MeshID=D003586}}{{Herpesvirales}}{{Baltimore classification}}{{Viral diseases}}{{Diseases of maternal transmission}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q6946}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b014dnnlnphv9zxwskhpu1l60eeybdg 0 159521 888052 865450 2026-07-27T09:55:28Z BnHamid 12586 Redirected page to [[Illela (Nijeriya)]] 888052 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Illela (Nijeriya)]] edpx3nwlxt4v6ybyjaenn7lo17sr1up 0 159799 888061 868098 2026-07-27T10:00:42Z BnHamid 12586 888061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karl Joseph Eberth''' (21 Satumba 1835 - 2 Disamba 1926) masanin ilimin cututtukan Jamus ne kuma Masanin ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ɗan asalin [[Würzburg]] ne. == Tarihin rayuwa == A shekara ta 1859 ya sami digirin digirinsa a Jami'ar Würzburg, kuma ya zama mataimakin masanin ilimin jikin mutum Albert von Kölliker (1817-1905). A shekara ta 1869 ya zama cikakken farfesa a fannin ilimin cututtukan cututtuka a Jami'ar Zurich, kuma daga 1881 har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a 1911, ya kasance farfesa a Jami'an Halle. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022}} A cikin 1880 Eberth ya bayyana kwayar cuta da ya yi zaton ita ce sanadin [[Zazzabin Rawaya|typhoid]]. A cikin 1884 masanin ilimin cututtuka Georg Theodor August Gaffky (1850-1918) ya tabbatar da binciken Eberth, kuma an ba kwayar sunaye kamar "Eberthella typhi", "Eberst's bacillus" da "Gaffky-Eberth bacillus". A yau bacillus wanda ke haifar da [[Zazzabin Rawaya|zazzabin typhoid]] yana tafiya da sunan kimiyya na <nowiki><i id="mwIQ">Salmonella enterica</i></nowiki> subspecies enterica serovar Typhi. == Sunayen da aka haɗa == * "Lines na Eberth": Lines na Microscopic waɗanda ke bayyana tsakanin sel na myocardium lokacin da aka shafa shi da nitrate na azurfa. * "Eberth's perithelium": wani nau'i mara cikakke na ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ke rufe ƙwayoyin jini. == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == * ''Untersuchungen über nematoden'', (Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1863). * ''Zur Kenntnis der Bacteritischen Mykosen'', (Leipzig: Engelmann, 1872). * ''Zur kenntniss der Blutplättchen bei den niederen wirbelthieren'', (Leipzig, Engelmann, 1887). * Die Thrombose nach Versuchen und Leichenbefunden, tare da Curt Schimmelbusch, (Stuttgart, 1888). * Die männlichen Geschlechtsorgane, (Jena, Fischer, 1904). == Dubi kuma == * [[Ilimin Cututtuka|Cututtuka]] * Jerin likitocin cututtuka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nppwp41giovkclf7iql9xs42zn0rggg 0 160402 888068 872742 2026-07-27T10:06:32Z BnHamid 12586 888068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Influenza Wani nau'in kwayar cuta H1N2 wani nau'i ne na kwayar cutar [[Influenza|mura]], H1N2. <ref name="Kliegman2020">{{Cite book|edition=Joseph W. St Geme}}</ref><ref name="CDCAug2022">{{Cite web |date=9 August 2022 |title=Variant Influenza Viruses in Humans {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/variant-flu-in-humans.htm |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=www.cdc.gov |publisher=CDC |language=en-us}}</ref> Yawancin shari'o'in da aka ruwaito sun haifar da alamun alamun numfashi na sama.<ref name="Bennett2019">{{Cite book|edition=Raphael}}</ref> == Alamomi da alamomi == Abubuwan asibiti yawanci alamun alamun numfashi ne na sama.<ref name="Bennett2019">{{Cite book|edition=Raphael}}</ref> == Yaduwar cututtuka == Tsakanin 2005 da Nuwamba 2023, an bayar da rahoton kusan mutane 50 na H1N2v a cikin mutane a duk duniya.<ref name="UKHSAnov2023">{{Cite web |title=UKHSA detects human case of influenza A(H1N2)v |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ukhsa-detects-human-case-of-influenza-ah1n2v#:~:text=The%20UK%20Health%20Security%20Agency,influenza%20A(H1N2)v.&text=Influenza%20A(H1N2)v%20is,a%20human%20in%20the%20UK. |access-date=27 November 2023 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> Gabaɗaya ya shafi yara.<ref name="Kliegman2020" /> Yawancin an bayar da rahoton a Amurka.<ref name="WHOAug2023">{{Cite web |date=11 August 2023 |title=Influenza A(H1N2)v-United States of America |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON482 |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=www.who.int |publisher=WHO |language=en}}</ref> Sauran sun hada da Brazil da Vietnam. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Burtaniya ta ba da rahoton kamuwa da cutar ta farko a cikin mutum.<ref name="UK.govNov2023">{{Cite web |title=UKHSA detects human case of influenza A(H1N2)v |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ukhsa-detects-human-case-of-influenza-ah1n2v |access-date=28 November 2023 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5ag9ec9jmuqei2njppyijtg7fbnmjvx 0 160570 888051 873596 2026-07-27T09:55:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Luís Miguel Pinheiro Andrade'''<ref>Luís Miguel Pinheiro Andrade</ref> (an haife shi 27 Maris 1990), wanda aka sani da Luisinho, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Portugal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger na AD Fornos de Algodres.<ref>https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/jogador/luisinho/19374 in Portuguese). Mais Futebol. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Fornos de Algodres, Guarda District, Luisinho ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa har zuwa shekara 23. Ya koma Académico de Viseu F.C. a watan Disamba na 2010, kuma ya taimaka mata ta haura daga rukuni na huɗu zuwa Segunda Liga a cikin shekaru biyu na farko, inda ya zira kwallaye bakwai a wannan lokacin.<ref>https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/academico-de-viseu-devemos-ser-o-papao-das-subidas</ref><ref>https://sjogadores.pt/?fbclid=IwAR0DZ1brhGXYwWD1B5sWGeb2DdydlzhazYmitshaj5j35dSWBoX1OLkPAA0&id=10094&op=OP_SHOW_DETAIL&pt=news</ref> Luisinho<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140522195045/http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/taca_liga/interior.aspx?content_id=835590</ref> ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasa a ranar 27 ga Yuli 2013, inda ya fara da nasara a gida da Atlético Clube de Portugal a zagaye na farko na Taça da Liga. Wasansa na farko a matakin rukuni na biyu ya faru ne a ranar 10 ga Agusta, yayin da ya shigo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu a rashin nasara da ci 2-0 a hannun Moreirense FC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140522195045/http://www.record.xl.pt/Futebol/Nacional/taca_liga/interior.aspx?content_id=835590</ref> Luisinho ya fara zuwa gasar Primeira Liga a 2015-16, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da Boavista F.C. yana da shekaru 25. Ya zira kwallaye a wasansa na farko a gasar, inda ya taimaka aka tashi kunnen doki 2-2 da Vitória de Setúbal. Ya koma rukuni na biyu a kakar wasa mai zuwa, inda aka ba shi aro ga tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta Académico Viseu.<ref>https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/1a-liga/boavista/noticias/interior/luisinho-e-douglas-abner-cedidos-ao-academico-5331844.html</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2017, Luisinho ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya da Académica de Coimbra. Bayan karewar kakar wasa, an shirya canja wurinsa zuwa F.C. Famalicão amma an soke shi jim kaɗan bayan haka; duk da haka, ya ci gaba da zama a rukuni na biyu, yana komawa Académico.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.academica-oaf.pt/noticias/futebol-profissional/6787-2017-07-18-13-39-17/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-07-01 |archive-date=2021-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717181828/http://www.academica-oaf.pt/noticias/futebol-profissional/6787-2017-07-18-13-39-17/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Luisinho ya bar Estádio do Fontelo a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2022-23, jimillar wasanni 331 da kwallaye 41 a tsawon wasanni uku. A wannan bazarar, ɗan wasan mai shekaru 33 ya koma ƙungiyar C.D. Tondela ta rukuni na biyu a kan kwangilar shekara ɗaya, amma ya tafi a ranar 6 ga Disamba.<ref>https://www.ojogo.pt/futebol/artigo/luisinho-termina-longa-ligacao-ao-ac-viseu-nem-nos-meus-maiores-sonhos/16681585</ref><ref>https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/futebol-nacional/luisinho-assina-pelo-tondela-ate-2024_d1501509</ref> ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == *{{ForaDeJogo}} *{{Soccerway|luis-miguel-pinheiro-andrade/265118}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Luisinho}} [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Fornos de Algodres]] [[Category:21st-century Portuguese sportsmen]] [[Category:Portuguese men's footballers]] [[Category:Footballers from Guarda District]] [[Category:Men's association football wingers]] [[Category:Primeira Liga players]] [[Category:Liga Portugal 2 players]] [[Category:Segunda Divisão players]] [[Category:F.C. Pampilhosa players]] [[Category:Académico de Viseu F.C. players]] [[Category:Boavista F.C. players]] [[Category:Académica de Coimbra (football) players]] [[Category:C.D. Tondela players]] == Manazarta == fhtnlov09wo3vf3zaiofxvk0emr14yk 0 160665 887949 875210 2026-07-27T04:26:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887949 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Libor Holík''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1998) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Czech wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar Slovak ta Spartak Trnava wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na dama]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2023 |title=Holík už patří Plzni, Viktoria uplatnila opci na přestup |url=https://www.sport.cz/clanek/fotbal-ceska-1-liga-holik-uz-patri-plzni-viktoria-uplatnila-opci-na-prestup-3908466 |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=sport.cz |language=cs |agency=[[Czech News Agency]]}}</ref> == Aikin Kulob == === Slavia Prague === Holík ya kammala karatunsa a Slovácko, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Libor Holík a Michal Sadílek na Mistrovství Evropy U17 |url=http://old.fcslovacko.cz/clanek/libor-holik-a-michal-sadilek-na-mistrovstvi-evropy-u17/5813.html |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=old.fcslovacko.cz |archive-date=2025-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250611074033/http://old.fcslovacko.cz/clanek/libor-holik-a-michal-sadilek-na-mistrovstvi-evropy-u17/5813.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> a shekarar 2015 ya koma ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Slavia Prague . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Do Slavie přestoupil mládežnický reprezentant Libor Holík |url=https://edenarena.cz/article/13438-Do-Slavie-prestoupil-mladeznicky-reprezentant-Libor-Holik |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=edenarena.cz |archive-date=2025-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250611074033/https://edenarena.cz/article/13438-Do-Slavie-prestoupil-mladeznicky-reprezentant-Libor-Holik |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a Slavia a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2015 da Slovácko, lokacin da ya maye gurbin Jaromír Zmrhal a minti na 90. Ya buga wa Slavia wasa ne kawai a zagayen farko na gasar Europa League, kuma a kakar wasa ta 2016/17 ya koma aro ga MFK Karviná . Ya kuma zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a cikin rigar Karviná, lokacin da ya yi kunnen doki da Sparta Prague a minti na 82 na wasan zagaye na 28. === Zlín === A lokacin bazara na 2017, Holik ya koma Zlín . Duk da haka, bai buga ko da minti ɗaya ba a kaka kuma ya tafi aro ga Jihlava a lokacin bazara na kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=S FC Vysočina se začal připravovat Libor Holík |url=https://www.fcvysocina.cz/article/6570-S-FC-Vysocina-se-zacal-pripravovat-Libor-Holik |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=FC Vysočina Jihlava |language=cs}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni shida na farko a Jihlava, bayan haka bai sake buga wasa ba. A kakar wasa ta 2018/19, ya kasance memba na farkon Zlín kuma ya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya na dama, na hagu da na dama, kuma sau da yawa yana buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsaron]] baya na dama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Libor Holík: Je to derby a v tom se může stát cokoliv - FC Zlín |url=https://www.fctrinityzlin.cz/zeny/clanky/libor-holik-je-to-derby-a-v-tom-se-muze-stat-cokoliv.html |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=www.fctrinityzlin.cz}}</ref> === Viktoria Plzeň === A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2022, Holík ya koma FC Viktoria Plzeň a matsayin aro na tsawon watanni 6 tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=s.r.o [www.esports.cz |first=Project: eSports cz |last2=Graphic |last3=Kuba |first3=Coding: Michal |last4=Kuba |first4=Programing: Michal |title=Viktoria welcomes Libor Holík to the defence |url=http://www.fcviktoria.cz/eng/clanek.asp?id=54243 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=FC VIKTORIA Plzeň |language=cs}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=s.r.o [www.esports.cz |first=Project: eSports cz |last2=Graphic |last3=Kuba |first3=Coding: Michal |last4=Kuba |first4=Programing: Michal |title=LIBOR HOLÍK WILL BE A PILSEN PLAYER ALSO IN THE NEW SEASON, HE COMES ON LOAN |url=http://www.fcviktoria.cz/eng/clanek.asp?id=54273 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=FC VIKTORIA Plzeň |language=cs}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa ya koma Plzen a kan yarjejeniyar dindindin. === Lamuni zuwa Zlín === A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2024, ya koma FC Zlín a matsayin aro na watanni 6. <ref>{{Cite web |last=s.r.o [www.esports.cz |first=Project: eSports cz |last2=Graphic |last3=Kuba |first3=Coding: Michal |last4=Kuba |first4=Programing: Michal |title=Libor Holík will be on loan in Zlín |url=http://www.fcviktoria.cz/eng/clanek.asp?id=54370 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=FC VIKTORIA Plzeň |language=cs}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Libor Holík se vrací na Letnou. Z Plzně u nás bude hostovat do konce sezony - FC Zlín |url=https://www.fczlin.com/aktuality/novinky/libor-holik-se-vraci-na-letnou-z-plzne-u-nas-bude-hostovat-do-konce-sezony.html |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=www.fczlin.com}}</ref> === Spartak Trnava === ==== kakar 2024-25 ==== [[Fayil:Libor_Holík_debut_for_Spartak_Trnava_3.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Za a yi gasar a shekarar 2024]] A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2024, Holík ya koma ƙungiyar Spartak Trnava ta Slovak, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru 3. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ďurinský |first=Samuel |date=2024-06-19 |title=Libor Holík najnovšou posilou Spartaka! |url=https://fcspartaktrnava.com/libor-holik-najnovsou-posilou-spartaka/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=FC Spartak Trnava |language=sk-SK}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nahradí Koštrnu. Spartak Trnava angažoval českého obrancu z Plzne |url=https://sportnet.sme.sk/spravy/futbal-trnava-angazovala-ceskeho-obrancu-libora-holika-nike-liga/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=sportnet.sme.sk |language=sk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=redakcia@trnavskyhlas.sk |title=Spartak priviedol posilu z Plzne, má skúsenosti s Ligou majstrov |url=https://www.trnavskyhlas.sk/c/37609-spartak-priviedol-posilu-z-plzne,-ma-skusenosti-s-ligou-majstrov/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=Trnavský Hlas}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a sabuwar ƙungiyarsa a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da FK Sarajevo a zagaye na biyu na cancantar shiga gasar Conference League . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Žrď či zákrok na čiare. Trnava po chybách takmer pykala, domov si nesie cenný výsledok |url=https://sportnet.sme.sk/spravy/futbal-fk-sarajevo-spartak-trnava-vysledok-1-zapas-2-predkolo-kl-2024-2025/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=sportnet.sme.sk |language=sk}}</ref> Holík zai ci gaba da fitowa a kowane wasa na gasar a duk tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Libor Holík |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/hrac/zapasy/2697-libor-holik?id_season=2024&id_team=8 |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Niké liga}}</ref> ==== kakar 2025-26 ==== Holík ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Spartak a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2025, a wasan gasar Conference league da Hibernians FC, bayan da Martin Mikovič ya yi masa kwallo daga wajen akwatin bugun fenariti. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Popovec |first=Pavol |date=2025-07-24 |title=Z Malty vezieme výhru 2:1 |url=https://fcspartaktrnava.com/z-malty-vezieme-vyhru-21/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=FC Spartak Trnava |language=sk-SK}}</ref> A zagaye na biyu, ya zura kwallo kuma ya taimaka aka ci kwallo a wasan da suka doke kungiyar [[Malta|Maltese]] da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Komediálna penalta a nečakaný strelecký hrdina. Trnava zdemolovala zanedbaného súpera |url=https://sportnet.sme.sk/spravy/futbal-spartak-trnava-hibernians-reakcie-odveta-2-predkolo-konferencna-liga-2025-2026/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=sportnet.sme.sk |language=sk}}</ref> Holík ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar lig a wasan da suka doke Tatran Presov da ci 1-0, inda ya zura kwallo a raga bayan da abokin wasansa Miloš Kratochvíl ya yi masa kwallo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ďurinský |first=Samuel |date=2025-08-10 |title=TRETIA VÝHRA A TRETIE ČISTÉ KONTO V LIGE! |url=https://fcspartaktrnava.com/tretia-vyhra-a-tretie-ciste-konto-v-lige/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=FC Spartak Trnava |language=sk-SK}}</ref> Holík ya lashe kyautar Andel Roka (dan wasan shekara) a Spartak. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Šport.sk |date=2025-12-15 |title=ROZHOVOR Dostal vážne ocenenie. La Liga? Nikdy som neprestal snívať, prezradil |url=https://sport.aktuality.sk/futbal/clanok/rozhovor-libor-holik-z-fc-spartak-je-andel-roka-2025-2025121510155238308 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Šport.sk}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Viktoria Plzeň''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Czech ta Farko : 2021–22 '''Spartak Trnava''' * Kofin Slovak : 2024–25 * Ɗan wasan shekara: 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |last=redakcia@trnavskyhlas.sk |title=Futbalistom roka v Spartaku je Libor Holík, do siene slávy pribudli dve legendy |url=https://www.trnavskyhlas.sk/c/40921-futbalistom-roka-v-spartaku-je-libor-holik,-do-siene-slavy-pribudli-dve-legendy/ |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=Trnavský Hlas}}</ref> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Libor Holík – Czech First League statistics at Fotbal DNES (in Czech) * Libor Holík at FAČR (in Czech) * {{Soccerway|libor-holik/400658}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] dn6oiukr3aiok7bys0iyf6ncyn0pieb 0 160763 887913 878532 2026-07-26T21:34:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887913 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Käte Duncker''' (an haife ta '''Paula Kathinka Döll'''; 23 ga Mayu 1871 - 2 ga Mayu 1953) 'yar siyasa ce kuma mai fafutukar mata ta Jamus wacce ta zama 'yar siyasa a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany sannan kuma Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Jamus . <ref name="KDlautHDK">{{Cite web |last=Hermann Weber |author-link=Hermann Weber |last2=Andreas Herbst |author-link2=Andreas Herbst |title=Duncker, Käte * 23.5.1871, † 2.5.1953 |url=https://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3b-1424.html?ID=4212 |access-date=6 October 2016 |website=Handbuch der Deutschen Kommunisten |publisher=Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin}}</ref><ref name="KDlautHS">{{Cite web |last=Hiltrud Schroeder |date=23 May 2016 |title=Biografie - Käte Duncker |url=http://www.fembio.org/biographie.php/frau/biographie/kaete-duncker |access-date=6 October 2016 |website=aus Pusch/Gretter, Berühmte Frauen: 300 Portraits, Bd 3 (in Vorbereitung) |publisher=Prof. Dr. Luise F. Pusch i.A. Institut für Frauen-Biographieforschung}}</ref> == Rayuwa == === Tushen da ƙuruciya === An haifi Paula Kathinka Döll a Lörrach (Baden), kai tsaye a fadin iyaka zuwa arewacin Basel . <ref name="KDlautHS" /> Mahaifinta dan kasuwa ne kuma danginta sun rayu da kyau, amma lokacin da take 'yar shekara bakwai mahaifinta ya mutu kuma mahaifiyarta ta kai su zama a Friedrichroda a gefen gandun daji na Thuringian, kuma inda mahaifiyarta ke gudanar da karamin gidan baƙi ga masu hutu na rani.<ref name="KDlautHD">{{Cite web |last=Heinz Deutschland |title=Käte Duncker zum 140. Geburtstag. Zwei unveröffentliche Briefe ('' ... two unpublished letters [with biographical introduction]'') |url=http://www.lsa.k-p-d.org/resources/140.Geburtstag+von+K$C3$A4te+Duncker.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328143512/http://www.lsa.k-p-d.org/resources/140.Geburtstag+von+K$C3$A4te+Duncker.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=6 October 2016 |publisher=KPD Landesorganisation Sachsen-Anhalt, Zeitz}}</ref> === Siyasa ta yi amfani da koyarwa === Ta halarci makarantar 'yan mata a Friedrichroda da makarantar kasuwanci a Gotha kafin ta koma Kwalejin Horar da Malamai a Eisenach tsakanin 1888 da 1890. <ref name="KDlautHDK" /> Muradinta na zama malami ya gamu da adawa ta farko daga mai kula da ita da mahaifiyarta, amma duk da haka ta ci gaba, ta wuce jarrabawar cancanta a cikin 1890 kuma tana koyarwa, da farko, a Friedrichroda.<ref name="KDlautHS" /> A shekara ta 1893 ta koma [[Leipzig]] inda ta koyar a makarantar 'yan mata. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1893 ta halarci taron siyasa wanda Clara Zetkin ta yi jawabi wanda ya burge ta sosai.<ref name="KDlautHD" /> A shekara ta gaba ita kanta ta fara koyarwa a darussan maraice da kungiyar ma'aikatan ilimi ta Leipzig ta shirya. A nan ne ta fara saduwa da Hermann Duncker, tana karatu don zama malamin kiɗa, kuma daga baya mijinta.<ref name="KDlautHD" /> Koyaya, a cikin 1895 <ref name="KDlautHDK" /> ko 1896 ta rasa aikinta a makarantar Leipzig saboda Socialism ("wegen sozialistischer Gesinnung"). <ref name="KDlautHD" /><ref name="KDlautHD" /> Ta koma [[Hamburg]] inda ta koyar a wata makarantar 'yan mata. A Hamburg ta shiga cikin yajin aikin ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa wanda ya faru tsakanin Nuwamba 1896 da Fabrairu 1897. A sakamakon goyon bayanta ga yajin aikin an kore ta daga mukamin koyarwarta, kamar yadda ta kasance a baya.<ref name="KDlautHD"/> Fahimtar cewa aikin koyar da yara wanda take ƙauna kuma wanda ta yi gwagwarmaya da shi, zai zama ba daidai ba da sa hannun siyasa, babban rauni ne.<ref name="KDlautBK">{{Cite web |last=Dr. Birgit Klaubert |author-link=:de:Birgit Klaubert |title=Warum wir unseren Fraktionssitzungsraum nach Käte Duncker benennen |url=http://www.die-linke-thl.de/themen/themen_a_z/a_d/kaete_duncker/ |access-date=6 October 2016 |publisher=Fraktion DIE LINKE. im Thüringer Landtag, Erfurt |archive-date=9 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009120427/http://www.die-linke-thl.de/themen/themen_a_z/a_d/kaete_duncker/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta koma Leipzig inda, duk da cewa ba ta shiga jami'ar ba, ta sami damar halartar wasu laccoci a kan "baƙo", musamman wadanda Karl Bücher ya gabatar.<ref name="KDlautHD" /> Daga baya ta tabbatar, sakamakon karatunta a wannan lokacin ne ta samar da littafinta na farko, "A kan shiga cikin jima'i na mata a cikin aiki" ("Ueber die Beteiligung des weiblichen Geschlechts an der Erwerbsthätigkeit"). <ref name="KDlautHD" /> Binciken ta ya kammala cewa masana'antu zai fadada budewar aiki ga mata, kuma ba zai yiwu a ƙuntata ayyukan ƙwararru na mata ba.<ref name="KDlautBK" />{{Quote box|{{center|From a 1901 Leipzig police report:}} "The most spiritually stirring and outstanding agitator in the local social democratic women's movement is the former teacher, now Mrs. Duncker, who appears as a speaker in almost all women's meetings in order to campaign against the respectable middle-class women's associations." ''"Die geistig hervorragendste Agitatorin der hiesigen sozialdem. Frauenbewegung ist die frühere Lehrerin, jetzige Frau Duncker, die fast in allen Frauenversammlungen als Rednerin auftritt und dabei die bürgerlichen Frauenvereinigungen bekämpft."''<ref name=KDlautSM>{{cite web|url=http://www.webgugger.de/duncker/hermann_duncker.html|title=Duncker, Käte, geb. Döll (23.5.1871 Lörrach/Baden - 1.5.1954 Bernau)|website=|publisher=Steffen Müller i.A. Kleingärtnerverein Hermann Duncker e.V, Zwickau|accessdate=7 October 2016}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}}Ta auri Hermann Duncker, a yanzu dalibi ne na tattalin arziki, zuwa ƙarshen 1898. An haifi 'yarsu, Hedwig, a shekara ta 1899. A halin yanzu, Käte ta nutse cikin siyasar hagu na birnin, ta zama memba na farko na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (<nowiki><i id="mwaw">"Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands"</i></nowiki> / SPD) sannan kuma ma'aikaciyar jam'iyya, <ref name="KDlautHDK"/> kodayake bisa doka kawai ya zama abin halatta ga mata su shiga siyasa a 1908. <ref name="KDlautBK"/> Ta yi amfani da ƙwarewarta ta koyarwa, tana ba da laccoci ga Kungiyar Ilimi ta Ma'aikata da ke rufe wallafe-wallafen, koyarwa, tarihi, zamantakewar siyasa da tattalin arziki. Ta zama shugabar "Kungiyar mata da 'yan mata na ma'aikata" ("Verein für Frauen und Mädchen der Arbeiterklasse") a Leipzig .<ref name="KDlautHDK" /> A watan Fabrairun 1903 an haifi ɗan ma'auratan na biyu, Karl: Lafiyar Käte Duncker ta lalace. Sun tashi daga [[Leipzig]] zuwa [[Dresden]]. Yayin da ta warke ta koma koyarwa kan kare yara, ilimi da haƙƙin mata. Wani littafi game da aikin yara ("Die Kinderarbeit und ihre Bekämpfung") ya bayyana a cikin 1906. A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa ta haɓaka abota ta kusa da Clara Zetkin wanda ya kasance na sirri da na siyasa.<ref name="KDlautHDK"/> A shekara ta 1906 ta zama mataimakiyar edita mai kula da "Die Gleichheit" (<nowiki><i id="mwiw">"Daidaitawa"</i></nowiki>) , mujallar mata da Zetkin ke gudanarwa, a karkashin jagorancinsa ta tashi daga duhu zuwa rarraba da aka kiyasta a 1907 a kwafin 70,000. <ref name="KDlautHD"/><ref name="OnGleichheit">{{Cite web |last=Alexandra Kollontai (author) |last2=Sally Ryan (transcription 2000) |last3=Chris Clayton (proofed 2006) |date=1918 |title=The First International Conference of Socialist Women - Stuttgart. 1907 |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/kollonta/1907/is-conferences.htm |access-date=7 October 2016 |website=International Socialist Conferences of Women Workers}}</ref> Wani yanki na alhakin Duncker a kan takarda shine sashin da ake kira "Ga yaranmu", wanda ya zama babban abin sha'awa ga iyalai masu aiki.<ref name="KDlautHD" /> A shekara ta 1906 ta ba da gabatarwa ga taron mata na SPD na huɗu a Mannheim kan kula da mata a lokacin da kuma bayan ciki. A cikin 1907 iyalin suka koma [[Stuttgart]].<ref name="KDlautHS"/> A wannan shekarar ta ba da gabatarwa game da ilimi ga Majalisar Mata a [[Nuremberg]] . A shekara ta 1910 ta kasance wakili a Taron Mata na Socialist na Duniya a [[Kwapanhagan|Copenhagen]] (wanda aka gudanar tare da Taron Socialist na Kasa da Kasa na wannan shekarar), inda ta gabatar da gabatarwa game da uwaye da kula da yara. Ta kuma shiga cikin ƙudurin gabatar da [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]], wanda abokinta, Clara Zetkin ta gabatar a taron.<ref name="ICSW">{{Cite web |title="International Socialist Congress, 1910; Second International Conference of Socialist Women |url=https://archive.org/details/InternationalSocialistCongress1910SecondInternationalConferenceOf/page/n21/mode/2up |access-date=7 March 2020 |page=21}}</ref> Ranar Mata ta Duniya ta farko da aka yi bikin a Jamus (da Denmark, Austria da Switzerland) ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Maris 1911 (ko da yake ra'ayin ya fito ne daga Ranar Mata na kasa da aka fara bikin a New York a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 1909 ).<ref name="IWDperUN">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2008 |title=History ... International Women's Day |url=https://www.un.org/events/women/iwd/2008/history.shtml |access-date=7 October 2016 |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> In 1911 Duncker gave a presentation to the SPD Party Conference, held that year in [[Jena]], where, according to one source, she had her first encounter with Rosa Luxemburg. By now, a couple of months before the birth of her third child early in 1909, she had withdrawn from her editorial position with "Die Gleichheit". She had been a member of the party's national Education Committee since 1908.<ref name="KDlautHDK"/> In 1912 the family relocated again, this time to [[Berlin]]. === Yaƙi da Ƙungiyar Spartacus === <templatestyles src="Template:Quote_box/styles.css" />{{Quote box|{{center|Käte Duncker and World War I. An admirer (and former pupil) writes:}} "Suddenly the entire weight and responsibility of such wide ranging and dangerous organisational work lay on the shoulders of this delicate woman. Already sufficiently burdened by her domestic difficulties [possibly involving her sensitive elder son], unhesitatingly everything that the times and circumstances required." ''"Plötzlich lag die ganze Last und Verantwortung der so umfassenden wie gefährlichen Organisationsarbeit auf den schwachen Schultern dieser zarten Frau. Sie, die mit ihren häuslichen Sorgen schon genug beschwert war, hat aber ohne Zögern alles auf sich genommen und alles geleistet, was Zeit und Umstände erforderten."''<ref>Jacob Walcher, Gemeinsam mit Käte und Hermann Duncker. In: Tribüne, Ausg. A. (1949), v. 23. 5., p. 2</ref> {{right|''[[:de:Jacob Walcher|Jacob Walcher]], writing in 1949''<ref name=KDlautHD/>}}}}[[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙi]] ya ɓarke a ƙarshen Yuli 1914. A cikin Reichstag (majalisa ta ƙasa) jagorancin SPD sun aiwatar da ingantaccen Yarjejeniyar jam'iyya na tsawon lokacin. A cikin kuri'un da aka gudanar a ranar 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1914, maimakon jefa kuri'a a kan kudaden yaki, SPD ta guje wa. Tun daga farko, duk da haka, wannan fasalin kishin kasa daga jagorancin jam'iyyar ya gamu da adawa daga 'yan kasa da kasa da' yan jam'iyyar hagu. Hermann da Käte Duncker sun yi tsayayya da kudade don yaƙin, kuma yayin da talauci na tattalin arziki a gaban gida ya karu, kiran kawo ƙarshen kisan kai a kan layin gaba zai kara karfi. A cikin 1915 Käte Duncker, ta kasance co-kafa labarai-sheet, "The International", wanda ta zama mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai.<ref name="KDlautHDK"/> Labarin ya ɗauki sunansa daga Ƙungiyar Duniya wacce aka ƙaddamar a cikin SPD a kan shirin Rosa Luxemburg a lokacin barkewar yaƙin kuma wanda Dunckers suka kasance farkon sabbin ma'aikata.<ref name="KDlautHDK" /> [[Fayil:Illustrierte_Geschichte_der_Deutschen_Revolution_Page_135_Edit_Crop.jpg|left|thumb|Duncker (jerin na uku, dama) daga cikin mahalarta Taron Reich na Spartacus League, 1 ga Janairu 1916]] A shekara ta 1916 an sake sunan Ƙungiyar ta Duniya, ta zama Spartacus League . Duncker ta ci gaba da yin kamfen game da yakin, ta amfani da asalin ta a kan ilimin jam'iyyar don ganowa da magance kungiyoyin matasa, yayin da kuma samar da "Spartacus Letters" (''"Spartakusbriefe"'') ba bisa ka'ida ba, tana ɗauke da saƙonnin zaman lafiya. Wannan ya ba ta " haramtacciyar magana" a ranar 30 ga Mayu 1916. Ta yi aiki a Berlin tare da Leo Jogiches don daidaita kokarin yaki a duk faɗin ƙasar.<ref name="KDlautBK"/> A watan Satumbar 1916 ta wakilci Ƙungiyar Spartacus League a taron jam'iyyar SPD na kasa. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan ta sha wahala daga matsalar kiwon lafiya kuma ta kwashe watanni uku a asibiti. Daga 1918 ita ce ke da alhakin "Aikin Mata" (''"Frauenarbeit"'') a hedkwatar Spartacus League . <ref name="KDlautHDK"/> === Rikicin bayan yaƙi === Game da matakan rufewar yaƙin, kafofin ba su da wani shiru game da aikinta na zaman lafiya. A cikin yanayin [[:de:Efraim Liljequist|daga]]&#x5D;-linkid="190" href="./German_Revolution_of_1918–19" id="mwARA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="German Revolution of 1918–19">watanni na juyin juya hali da suka biyo bayan cin nasarar soja na kasa, bayan kisan gillar da aka yi a watan Janairun 1919 na Rosa Luxemburg da Karl Liebknecht, an kama Käte Duncker a ranar 16 ga watan Janairu 1919: an tsare ta a takaice kuma an yi mata tambayoyi.<ref name="KDlautHD"/> Daga nan sai ta koma [[Leipzig]] inda haɗarin kai hari kwatsam ko ƙarin kamawa ya zama kamar a Berlin. A lokacin yakin an tura 'ya'yanta maza zuwa Denmark inda suke zama tare da abokai, kuma a cikin Match 1919, a lokacin da aka kashe Leo Jogiches, ta shiga cikinsu.<ref name="KDlautHD" /> Koyaya, izinin zama na Danish ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma a ƙarshen Mayu 1919 dole ne ta koma [[Sweden]], inda {{Interlanguage link|Efraim Liljequist|de}} [de], farfesa a falsafar a [[Lund]]_University" id="mwASA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lund University">Jami'ar Lund wanda abokinta Gertrud Liljequist ta auri, ta sami damar samar da tabbacin da ya dace a madadin ta.<ref name="KDlautHD" /> Daga Lund ta bi abubuwan da suka faru bayan yaƙi tare da sha'awa sosai.<ref name="KDlautHD" /> A rubuce-rubuce ga mijinta a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1919, ta gano sharuddan zaman lafiya da Shugaban Amurka, Woodrow Wilson ya sanya a matsayin "districtates na ikon mulkin mallaka, mai nasara bayan faduwar abokin hamayyarsa na Jamus" (''"Diktat imperialistischer Siegermächte über den niedergeworfenen Konkurrenten Deutschland"'').<ref name="KDlautHD" /> Koyaya, yawancin hankalinta an sadaukar da shi ga tsara ci gaban zamantakewar al'umma da ƙungiyar ma'aikata a Jamus.<ref name="KDlautHD" /> (Ta kuma taimaka tare da fassarar akalla takardar habilitation ta Sweden zuwa Jamusanci, don gwadawa da tallafa wa kanta ta kudi. <ref name="KDlautHD" /> ) A cewar wani tushe, a shekara ta 1919 Duncker ta ji cewa ta tsufa sosai saboda ayyukanta da abubuwan da ta samu a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Shekaru masu zuwa sun nuna cewa ba a riga an kashe makamashi ba, duk da haka. === Shekaru na Weimar === A ƙarshe SPD ta rabu game da batun goyon baya ga yaƙin a 1917. Manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu masu rabuwa sune Spartacus League da Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ("Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" / USPD). Bayan ƙarni guda, ba koyaushe yake da sauƙi a rarrabe ƙungiyoyin biyu daga juna ba, kuma a watan Maris na shekara ta 1917 Ƙungiyar Spartacus ta haɗu da USPD yayin da take riƙe da matsayi mai cin gashin kanta a ciki. Wasu daga cikin saɓani da ke cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen an magance su a wani taron da aka gudanar a Berlin tsakanin 30 ga Disamba 1918 da 1 ga Janairu 1919 wanda ya ba da tsari ga yarjejeniyoyin da aka shiga a farkon watan, a cikin tsarin kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Jamus. Hermann da Käte Duncker suna daga cikin mambobinta na farko, waɗanda aka zaba da wuri zuwa kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar.<ref name="KDlautBK"/> Käte Duncker ta dawo daga Sweden zuwa ƙarshen 1919 kuma ta fara taƙaitaccen jerin laccoci a Kwalejin Ilimi na Ma'aikata (''"Arbeiterbildungsschule"'') a [[Berlin]], <ref name="KDlautHDK"/> kuma tana tallafa wa kanta da aikin fassara. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1919, tare da mijinta, ta koma Thuringia inda aka ba iyalin ɗaki a [[:de:Siebleben|Gotha-Siebleben]]. 1920 shekara ce mai wahala yayin da yankin ya zama abin da aka mayar da hankali ga Lüttwitz-Kapp Putsch . Bayan tashin hankali gwamnatin gundumar hagu ta yi murabus kuma Hermann Duncker, wanda ta yi aiki da shi a matsayin babban sakatare / gudanarwa, ya rasa aikinsa kuma an tilasta masa ya koma ga "aikinsa na baya" a matsayin malami mai aiki a jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci, wanda ke da tasiri mai tsanani ga iyali. <ref name="HDlautHDK">{{Cite web |last=Helmut Müller-Enbergs |author-link=Helmut Müller-Enbergs |last2=Hermann Weber |author-link2=Hermann Weber |last3=Andreas Herbst |author-link3=Andreas Herbst |title=Duncker, Hermann * 24.5.1874, † 22.6.1960 Rektor der FDGB-Bundesschule |url=https://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3b-1424.html?ID=643 |access-date=7 October 2016 |website="Wer war wer in der DDR?" (on the first half of the web page) and Handbuch der Deutschen Kommunisten (on the second half of the web page) |publisher=(1) Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin, (2) Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin & (3) Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin}}</ref> === Majalisar dokokin yanki === A ƙarshen lokacin rani na 1921 jam'iyyar ta gayyaci Duncker ya tsaya a matsayin dan takara na majalisar dokoki yanki (Landtag). Ba tare da gardama ba ne tsakanin abokan siyasa, kuma a wani mataki ta janye shi. Duk da haka, a ƙarshe sunanta ya kasance a ɗakin jerin sunayen 'yan takarar Jam'iyyar Kwaminis kuma a watan Disamba na 1921, yanzu tana da shekaru hamsin, an zabe ta zuwa majalisar. Ta yi magana game da alhakinta na majalisa tare da halayyar kuzari, gudummawar da ta bayar tana mai da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi ƙuruciya, da kuma gina kan ra'ayoyin da suka samo asali a lokacin da take malama a Eisenach da Friedrichroda. Ta yi kamfen don gabatar da abinci mai gina jiki na makaranta da wuraren kula da yara. Ta bukaci ci gaba da ilimin da talakawa ke samu. A sakamakon aikin koyarwarta Käte Duncker ta zama mai goyon bayan ka'idojin da [[Maria Montessori]] ta kirkira, wanda ya sa ta damu da kanta da inganta ƙwarewar horar da malamai. A lokacin da ake ci gaba da rarrabuwar ciki a cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis dole ne a haɗa ayyukanta na majalisa tare da tarurrukan jam'iyyun kasa da na yanki marasa iyaka. Yawan aikin majalisa da jam'iyya na iya zama mai gajiyarwa kuma ta sha wahala da yawa daga rashin lafiya.<ref name="KDlautBK"/> A saman sauran ayyukanta, ta ci gaba da shirya kungiyoyin mata a duk yankin. A bayyane yake daga wasiƙunta cewa waɗannan tarurruka, da kuma tattaunawar da ke faruwa a gare su, sun kasance da muhimmanci sosai a gare ta. Bayan wani lokaci na tashin hankali, a watan Nuwamba 1923 gwamnatin yankin a Thuringia, wacce ta kasance hadin gwiwa tsakanin SPD da ƙungiyar Kwaminisanci, ta rushe. A watan Fabrairun 1924 ba a zabi ta a matsayin dan takara a zaben da ya biyo baya ba.<ref name="KDlautBK"/> === Shekaru masu duhu na mulkin demokraɗiyya na Weimar === Relations between the Soviet communist party and the German communist party were close during the Weimar years. Between March 1924 and July 1924 Käte Duncker undertook an extended visit to [[Moscow]].<ref name="KDlautHDK"/> By 1926 she was living back in [[Berlin]].<ref name="KDlautHD"/> Some evidence of her activities and impressions from her first visit to the [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]] appeared in her 1927 publication "Women in the Soviet Union" (''"Die Frau in der Sowjetunion"''). After 1925 she joined with her husband in his teaching work and political journalism,<ref name="KDlautHDK" /> also teaching classes at the Marxist Workers School (''"Marxistische Arbeiterschule"'' / "MASCH") in Berlin.<ref name="KDlautHD" /> === Shekaru na Nazi da gudun hijira === Régime change in January 1933 signalled a rapid transition to one-party dictatorship, with communists high on the government enemies' list. Intrusive house searches and book burnings became mainstream. Hermann Duncker was arrested in February 1933 and remained in prison till November 1933.<ref name="HDlautHDK"/> It was, perhaps, a tribute to the vigour with which his wife campaigned for his release from the penitentiary at Brandenburg that by the end of 1933 he was home.<ref name="KDlautHD"/> He lived under intense police surveillance till 1935 when he managed to escape, initially, to [[Denmark]].<ref name="HDlautHDK" /> The Duncker's elder son, Karl, went into exile in 1935, first to Cambridge in [[Ingila|England]], and then ending up in the [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]].<ref name="KDlautSS">{{Cite web |last=Simone Schnall |date=1999 |title=Life as the problem: Karl Duncker's context |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/239301/Schnall%20%281999%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=8 October 2016 |publisher=University of Cambridge (repository)}}</ref> Their younger son, Wolfgang, also went into exile in 1935, relocating with his Swiss-born wife, Erika, to [[Moscow]]. During 1936 Käte Duncker moved back from Berlin to Friedrichroda. In November 1936, she emigrated to the United States where she lived in a [[New York (birni)|New York]] apartment block and was able to find work as a cleaner and as a language teacher.<ref name="KDlautHDK"/> One of her reasons for choosing New York was to be close to her brilliant elder son who was believed to be unwell.<ref name="KDlautHS"/> The next few years were dominated by family tragedy. Bayan 1935 ɗanta Wolfgang ya yi aiki a masana'antar fina-finai a Moscow. Wani tushe ya bayyana shi a matsayin mai bin [[Nikolai Bukharin]], duk da haka.<ref name="KDlautHDK"/> Wannan na iya zama ko kuma ba shine dalilin da ya sa aka kama shi a cikin tsarkakewa na lokacin ba, ya ɓace, tare da sauran [[:de:Deutsche Operation des NKWD|'Yan gudun hijirar siyasa na Jamus a Moscow]], a cikin 1938. Ɗanta na fari yana gina aiki a matsayin sanannen masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Gestalt, a wannan lokacin yana zaune a Kwalejin Swarthmore kusa da Philadelphia, da kuma sa'o'i biyu ta jirgin ƙasa daga New York.<ref name="KDlautSS"/> Akwai tushe da ke nuna cewa duk da haka yana fama da matsalar lafiyar kwakwalwa ta kansa na wasu shekaru: a farkon watan Fabrairun 1940, jim kadan bayan ranar haihuwarsa ta 37, biyo bayan jerin "rashin hankali", Karl ya kashe kansa.<ref name="KDlautSS" /> Mahaifiyarsa ta sha wahala sosai.<ref name="KDlautHD"/> Duk da haka ta sami damar yin tashin hankali don samun izinin zama na Amurka ga mijinta, a wannan lokacin tana rayuwa cikin haɗari a Faransa da ke da rabin mamayewa. Ya isa "ƙasar" a watan Satumbar shekara ta 1941.<ref name="KDlautHD" /> A wannan lokacin Käte Duncker ta sami aiki a matsayin koyar da Jamusanci a makarantar sakandare. === Yankin mamayewar Soviet / Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus === Dunckers sun koma Jamus a 1947, sun fara zama a Rostock sannan daga baya a [[Berlin]]" id="mwAeM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bernau bei Berlin">Bernau, a waje da Berlin. Gida yanzu ta kasance wani ɓangare na Yankin mamayewar Soviet, an sake sake shi a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1949 a matsayin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus sabuwar jiha ta Jamus da ta rabu tare da tsarin siyasa da tattalin arziki wanda aka tsara a kan na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]]. A halin yanzu ba ta da lafiya, Käte Duncker ba ta da hannu a siyasa, kuma ba ta taɓa damuwa da sanya hannu kan membobinta na jam'iyyar kwaminisanci a fadin sabuwar Jam'iyyar Socialist Unity Party (<nowiki><i id="mwAek">"Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands"</i></nowiki> / SED) , wanda, bayan kirkirarta a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1946, da sauri ya zama jam'iyya mai mulki a cikin sabon nau'in mulkin kama-karya na Jamus. Duk da haka, a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1948 ta rubuta wa tsohon abokinta kuma abokin tarayya, Wilhelm Pieck, tana rokonsa ya yi amfani da tasirin kansa don gano abin da ya faru da ƙaramin ɗanta, Wolfgang. Kamar shi, Wilhelm Pieck ya koma [[Moscow]] a 1935; ba kamar Wolfgang ba, ya tsira, kuma yanzu ya zama babban ɗan siyasan Jamus a Yankin mamayewar Soviet. (A shekara ta 1949 ya zama shugaban farko na Gabashin Jamus.) A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1948 Dunckers sun karɓi saƙo daga [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] yana sanar da su cewa ƙaramin ɗansu ya mutu a [[:de:Arbeitslager Workuta|Vorkuta]] a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1942. <ref name="KDlautHD"/> Dangane da cikakken rahoto da matarsa ta gabatar ga Kwamitin Tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Jamus da ke gudun hijira a Moscow a ranar 22 ga Satumba 1939, an kama Wolfgang a ranar 21 ga Maris 1938 kuma an yi masa tambayoyi. An tilasta masa, bayan watanni huɗu, ya sanya hannu kan ikirarin ƙarya, sannan aka kai shi sansanin fursuna inda yanayin ya kasance mai tsanani. (Wolfgang ta tsira daga yakin, tana aiki a masana'antar tanki (soja), kuma ta koma Yankin mamayewar Soviet a 1945 tare da mijinta na biyu da 'ya'yanta biyu da suka tsira. ) Käte Duncker ya mutu a Bernau bei Berlin a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1953. Kasa da shekara guda da ta gabata ta yi kira ga wani tsohon abokin tarayya, yana rubutu a madadin abokinta, ɗan jarida [[:de:Jacob Walcher|Jacob Walcher]], ga Walter Ulbricht. An kori Walcher daga jam'iyyar saboda bambance-bambance na koyarwa. Ba a san ko rokon Duncker ga Ulbricht a 1952 ya taka rawar gani wajen haifar da farfadowar abokinta a shekarar 1956.<ref name="JWlautHDK">{{Cite web |last=Bernd-Rainer Barth |author-link=Bernd-Rainer Barth |last2=Hermann Weber |author-link2=Hermann Weber |last3=Andreas Herbst |author-link3=Andreas Herbst |title=Walcher, Jacob * 7.5.1887, † 23.7.1970 Chefredakteur der "Tribüne" |url=http://bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3B-1424.html?ID=3674 |access-date=8 October 2016 |website="Wer war wer in der DDR?" (on the first half of the web page) and Handbuch der Deutschen Kommunisten (on the second half of the web page) |publisher=(1) Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin, (2) Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin & (3) Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin |archive-date=10 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010130755/http://bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3B-1424.html?ID=3674 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bikin ==   Jihar Jamus ta Gabas tana buƙatar samun jarumawa da jarumai masu dacewa: Käte Duncker a bayyane ya gamsu da ka'idojin. Kafin 1990 wurare da yawa suna da tituna da aka sanya mata suna. A cikin Friedrichroda titin da mahaifiyarta ta gudanar da karamin gidan baƙi a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na karni na sha tara ya zama "Käte-Duncker-Straße".<ref name="KDlautHS"/> Makarantu, Kindergarten, har ma da kwalejin horar da malamai da ta halarta a Eisenach an sake masa suna don girmama ta.<ref name="KDlautHS" /> Kwanan nan a shekarar 2013 wani dan takarar magajin gari a [[Hanover]] ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a sake sunan titin "Walderseestraße" a matsayin "Käte-Duncker-Straße", a matsayin daya daga cikin sauye-sauyen sunan titin da aka yi niyyar nuna cewa birni ya kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi, mai ci gaba, kuma a buɗe ga duniya, bayan ya bar kwanakin mulkin mallaka da ba na dimokuradiyya ba.<ref name="CarSchH">{{Cite web |last=Carsten Schulz (non-party "Oberbürgermeisterkandidat") |date=23 July 2013 |title=Mein Aktionsprogramm für Hannover |url=https://die-wahrheit-wird-siegen999.blogspot.co.uk/ |access-date=8 October 2016}}</ref> Ba za a iya gujewa ba, duk da haka, jarumai na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus sun rasa ɗan gogewarsu bayan canje-canje da suka haifar da mutuwar mulkin, sannan kuma sake hadewar Jamus a watan Oktoba 1990. A cikin wurin shakatawa na jama'a (''"Kurpark"'') a Friedrichroda an cire mutum-mutumi na tunawa da ke nuna Duncker a matsayin malami wanda ke ba da umarni ga ɗalibai uku a cikin 2009 don share hanyar sabon hanyar tafiya. An sake sanya mutum-mutumi na tunawa a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redaktion Gotha aktuell |date=26 August 2022 |title=Einweihung Käthe Duncker Denkmal und Springbrunnenfest im Kurpark Friedrichroda |url=https://gotha-aktuell.info/2022/08/26/einweihung-kaethe-duncker-denkmal-und-springbrunnenfest-im-kurpark-friedrichroda/ |access-date=31 March 2026}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2013 jam'iyyar Die Linke (Hagu) ta Jamus ta sake ba da sunan ɗakin taro a Majalisar Dokokin Yankin a Thuringia (inda ta zauna a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci a cikin 1920s) "Käte Duncker room" (Jamusanci: ). <ref name="KDSaal">{{Cite web |date=15 October 2013 |title=Fraktionsraum heißt Käte-Duncker-Saal |url=http://www.die-linke-thl.de/nc/presse/pressemitteilungen/detail/browse/79/zurueck/pressemitteilungen-1/artikel/fraktionsraum-heisst-kaete-duncker-saal/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105105835/http://www.die-linke-thl.de/nc/presse/pressemitteilungen/detail/browse/79/zurueck/pressemitteilungen-1/artikel/fraktionsraum-heisst-kaete-duncker-saal/ |archive-date=5 January 2016 |access-date=6 October 2016 |publisher=Fraktion DIE LINKE. im Thüringer Landtag, Erfurt}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bp7qw4j9hn6ui78di4pabqbagmfbr4p 0 161068 887976 878878 2026-07-27T06:27:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[https://www.gov.uk/guidance/academies-financial-handbook/academies-financial-handbook-2020-to-print Littafin Jagorar Kuɗi na Makarantu]''' littafi ne da Hukumar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi da Ƙwarewa ta Ingila ta fitar wanda ke bayyana buƙatun da suka shafi kuɗi ga amintattun makarantu ta hanyar kalmomin "dole ne" da "ya kamata". An fara buga Littafin Jagora a watan Satumba na 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Academies Financial Handbook 2006 |url=https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/11957/1/ypla-academies_financial_handbook-gn-nov06.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiYrfb4naHuAhW9QUEAHY_cCb8QFjAAegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw1A8rb5VrJPJj7e5PvLnpQV |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website= }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An yi masa kwaskwarima sosai a shekarar 2012. Tun daga lokacin ana sabunta shi kowace shekara. == Bayani == '''Makarantun Kwalejoji''' makarantu ne da gwamnati ke daukar nauyinsu a Ingila, waɗanda Ma'aikatar Ilimi ke daukar nauyinsu kai tsaye, kuma ba sa goyon bayan ikon [[Ƙaramar hukuma|kananan hukumomi]] . Sharuɗɗan shirye-shiryen an tsara su ne a cikin Yarjejeniyar Tallafin Makarantu. <ref name="IndividualFundingAgreements">{{Cite web |date=8 October 2011 |title=What is a Funding Agreement? {{!}} a can of worms |url=http://davidwolfe.org.uk/wordpress/archives/241 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104192422/http://davidwolfe.org.uk/wordpress/archives/241 |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=4 January 2018 |website=davidwolfe.org.uk}}</ref> <ref name="AcademyFundingAgreement">{{Cite web |title=Academy and Free School Master Funding Agreement |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/388471/Academy_and_free_school_-_master_funding_agreement.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010032820/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/388471/Academy_and_free_school_-_master_funding_agreement.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2015 |access-date=18 March 2016 |publisher=Gov.uk}}</ref> Yawancin makarantun sakandare ne (kuma yawancin makarantun sakandare makarantu ne). Duk da haka, kusan kashi 25% na [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantun firamare ne]] (4363 kamar yadda yake a Disamba 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2018 |title=Schools, pupils, and their characteristics (Official Statistics) |url=http://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/schools-pupils-and-their-characteristics-january-2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020225/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/schools-pupils-and-their-characteristics-january-2012 |archive-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> ). Babu makarantu a Wales ko Scotland inda aka rarraba ilimi. Makarantun ilimi amintattu ne na agaji waɗanda ba na riba ba waɗanda ke tafiyar da kansu kuma suna iya samun ƙarin tallafi daga masu tallafawa na kansu ko na kamfanoni, ko dai ta hanyar kuɗi ko ta hanyar kayan aiki. <ref name="CharityCommission">{{Cite web |title=Charities and charity trustees: an introduction for school governors |url=http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/Charity_requirements_guidance/Specialist_guidance/Education/introduction_for_school_governors.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221103330/https://www.gov.uk/topic/running-charity |archive-date=21 December 2018 |access-date=3 May 2014 |website=Charity Commission website |publisher=Charity Commission}}</ref> Hukumar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi tana sa ido kan harkokin kuɗi da kuma tafiyar da makarantun gaba da sakandare. A watan Maris na 2016, an gano cewa Perry Beeches, wata cibiyar ilimi mai zaman kanta, ta share bayanan kuɗi na fam miliyan 2.5 na tallafin abinci kyauta ga makarantu, kuma ƙananan 'yan kwangila ne ke biyan babban jami'in gudanarwa. Ana sa ran sabuwar cibiyar za ta karɓe makarantunta. A watan Agusta na 2016, an sami tsohon shugaban makarantar kuma wanda ya kafa Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kings, tsohon darektan kuɗi, da kuma wani tsohon malami wanda 'yar'uwar wanda ya kafa makarantar ta aikata laifin zamba da kuɗaɗen jama'a na fam 150,000. A watan Oktoban 2017, Hukumar Wakefield City Academies Trust ta ruguje, kuma ''Jaridar The Observer'' ta ruwaito cewa "A yanzu haka ana tuhumar Wakefield City Academies Trust da 'kwace kadarorin' bayan ta mayar da miliyoyin fam na ajiyar makarantun zuwa asusunta kafin ta ruguje. A ranar 8 ga Satumba ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ta sanar da cewa za ta raba kanta da makarantunta 21 saboda ba za ta iya aiwatar da 'ingantaccen hanzarin da makarantunmu ke buƙata ba'". '''Littafin Jagorar Kuɗi na Kwalejin''' ya bayyana hanyar da ta dace ta sarrafa kadarorin jama'a. 'Bi umarnin littafin sharaɗi ne na yarjejeniyar kuɗaɗen kowace amintacciyar ƙungiya'. <ref name="gov">{{Cite web |title=Academies Financial Handbook |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/academies-financial-handbook |access-date=12 May 2018 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> == Takardar == Littafin Jagorar Kuɗi na Makarantu ya bayyana buƙatun kula da kuɗi, kulawa da bayar da rahoto waɗanda suka shafi dukkan amintattun makarantu. Ya bayyana tsarin kuɗi na amana wanda ke mai da hankali kan ƙa'idodi maimakon cikakken jagora kuma yana nuna alhakinsu ga Majalisa da jama'a. <ref name="gov"/> Tsawonsa ya kai sittin, kuma an raba shi zuwa sassa huɗu tare da gabatarwa da ƙarin bayani. <ref name="pdf">{{Cite web |title=Academies Financial Handbook 2017 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/633375/Academies_Financial_Handbook_2017.pdf |access-date=12 May 2018 |website=gov.uk }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ''Kashi na 1: Matsayi da nauyi'' * ''Kashi na 2: Manyan buƙatun kuɗi da shugabanci'' : 2.1 Kula da harkokin kuɗi : 2.2 Tsarin kuɗi, sa ido da bayar da rahoto : 2.3 Ikon ciki : 2.4 Binciken Cikin Gida : 2.5 Bayyanannen ra'ayi * ''Kashi na 3: Hukumomin da aka wakilta'' : 3.1 Amfani da kuɗaɗen jama'a yadda ya kamata kuma akai-akai : 3.2 Ciniki tare da ɓangarorin da ke da alaƙa : 3.3 Mu'amala mai ban mamaki, mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce da kuma rashin tabbas : 3.4 Bashi : Kyauta 3.5 : 3.6 Rage haraji da kuma biyan basussukan da ake bin sa : 3.7 Biyan kuɗi na musamman : 3.8 Saye da kuma zubar da kadarorin da ba su da iyaka : 3.9 Hayar : 3.10 Gudanar da Tallafin Shekara-shekara na Janar (GAG) : 3.11 Amfani da wakilai da 'yanci * ''Kashi na 4: Bukatun binciken kuɗi'' : 4.1 Binciken doka : 4.2 Binciken daidaito : 4.3 Gudanar da kuɗi da kimanta kai na shugabanci : 4.4 Binciken kuɗi : 4.5 Kwamitin Ofishin Bincike na Ƙasa da Asusun Jama'a : 4.6 Haƙƙoƙin samun damar duba kuɗi : 4.7 Samar da bayanai : 4.8 Binciken zamba, sata da/ko rashin bin ka'ida == Bin ƙa'ida == Wasu hukumomin gwamnati suna da matsala da takardar. Kwamitin asusun jama'a na Commons ya kammala da cewa "sau da yawa asusun ilimi suna gaza" ga "mafi girman ka'idojin shugabanci, riƙon amana da kuma kula da kuɗi" kuma Ma'aikatar Ilimi sau da yawa tana "jinkirin mayar da martani". A watan Mayu na 2018, ''Jaridar Guardian'' ta yi nuni da gazawar da ke cikin wata asusun ilimi mai yawa da ta ƙunshi makarantun firamare huɗu. Makarantun da ke kula da ɗalibai 2000 suna ba wa shugaban makarantar albashi sama da £211,082 wanda aka tara da kashi 10% daga shekarar da ta gabata. Ta ɗauki £6,250 don samar da kuɗin aikin binciken gaskiya zuwa gabas mai nisa. A shekarar 2014, an kashe £26,000 wajen gyara ofishin shugaban makarantar. An ba wa ma'aikatanta huɗu kwamfyutocin tafi-da-gidanka na £1,250 yayin da makarantar ke fama da gibin kusan £1,000,000 a cikin shekara. "Tattaunawa da shugaban da kuma mukaddashin shugaban hukumar ya nuna rashin fahimtar halin da ake ciki na kuɗin da asusun yake ciki a yanzu." Haka kuma an soki yadda ake fitar da manyan kwangiloli na ba da shawara da talla ba tare da bin tsarin tayin ba, kuma ana iya samar da takardun kuɗi. <ref name="silverbirch" /> == Manazarta == 4cd0y4hc81jb5p5gdxmdc35ysjw1kvy 0 161093 887728 878967 2026-07-26T14:35:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A [[Ingila]], '''makarantar kimiyya''' (ko '''makarantar kimiyya''' ) makaranta ce da gwamnati ke daukar nauyinta, wacce Ma'aikatar Ilimi ke daukar nauyinta kai tsaye, kuma ba ta da ikon kula da kananan hukumomi . Sharuɗɗan shirye-shiryen an tsara su ne a cikin Yarjejeniyar Tallafin Makarantu. <ref name="IndividualFundingAgreements">{{Cite web |date=8 October 2011 |title=What is a Funding Agreement? {{!}} a can of worms |url=http://davidwolfe.org.uk/wordpress/archives/241 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104192422/http://davidwolfe.org.uk/wordpress/archives/241 |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=4 January 2018 |website=davidwolfe.org.uk}}</ref> Kashi 80% na makarantun sakandare, Kashi 40% na makarantun firamare da Kashi 44% na makarantun musamman makarantu ne {{As of|2023|10}} <sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Academy_(English_school)&action=edit &#x5B; &#x5D;]</sup> <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Department for Education]] |date=October 2023 |title=Explore Education Statistics: Schools, Pupils and their Characteristics |url=https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/school-pupils-and-their-characteristics |website=GOV.UK: Explore Education Statistics}}</ref> [[Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2023]] [[Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements]] Makarantun ilimi amintattu ne na agaji waɗanda ba na riba ba, kuma suna iya samun ƙarin tallafi daga masu tallafawa na mutum ɗaya ko na kamfani, ko dai ta hanyar kuɗi ko ta hanyar kayan aiki. <ref name="CharityCommission">{{Cite web |title=Charities and charity trustees: an introduction for school governors |url=http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/Charity_requirements_guidance/Specialist_guidance/Education/introduction_for_school_governors.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221103330/https://www.gov.uk/topic/running-charity |archive-date=21 December 2018 |access-date=3 May 2014 |website=Charity Commission website |publisher=Charity Commission}}</ref> Ana duba makarantu kuma ana bin ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya kan shiga, buƙatun ilimi na musamman da keɓancewa kamar yadda sauran makarantun jiha da ɗalibai ke yin jarrabawar ƙasa iri ɗaya. Suna da ƙarin 'yancin kai tare da Manhajar Ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Types of school – Academies |url=https://www.gov.uk/types-of-school/academies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316211956/https://www.gov.uk/types-of-school/academies |archive-date=16 March 2016 |access-date=16 March 2016}}</ref> amma dole ne su tabbatar da cewa manhajar karatunsu ta kasance mai faɗi da daidaito, <ref name="AcademiesAct2010Section1">{{Cite web |title=Academies Act 2010, Section 1 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/32/section/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305211742/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/32/section/1 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=18 March 2016 |publisher=Gov.uk}}</ref> kuma ta haɗa da manyan darussan Turanci, lissafi da kimiyya. Dole ne kuma su koyar da dangantaka da ilimin jima'i, da ilimin addini. <ref name="AcademyFundingAgreement">{{Cite web |title=Academy and Free School Master Funding Agreement |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/388471/Academy_and_free_school_-_master_funding_agreement.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010032820/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/388471/Academy_and_free_school_-_master_funding_agreement.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2015 |access-date=18 March 2016 |publisher=Gov.uk}}</ref> Suna da 'yancin zaɓar fannoni na musamman . == Nau'o'i == Ga dukkan nau'ikan makarantun ilimi masu zuwa: <ref name="AcademyTypes">{{Cite web |title=Types of academy |url=http://www.ssatuk.co.uk/ssat/support/academies/about-academies/types-of-academy/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503185240/http://www.ssatuk.co.uk/ssat/support/academies/about-academies/types-of-academy/ |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |website=www.ssatuk.co.uk |publisher=Specialist Schools and Academies Trust}}</ref> * '''Makarantar da aka tallafa''' : Makarantar da aka daɗe ana kula da ita wadda aka mayar da ita matsayin makarantar sakandare a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun shiga tsakani na gwamnati. Saboda haka, mai tallafawa da gwamnati ta amince da shi ne ke gudanar da ita. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Academy sponsorship |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/academy-sponsorship |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503185227/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/academy-sponsorship |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |website=Gov.uk |publisher=Department for Education}}</ref> Wani lokaci ana kiranta da '''makarantun gargajiya''' . <ref name="schoolTypes">{{Cite web |title=Comparison of Different School Type |url=http://www.newschoolsnetwork.org/sites/default/files/files/pdf/Differences%20across%20school%20types.pdf |access-date=3 May 2014 |website=NSN website |publisher=New Schools Network |archive-date=26 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226000048/http://www.newschoolsnetwork.org/sites/default/files/files/pdf/Differences%20across%20school%20types.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''Makarantar Koyar da Makaranta''' : Makarantar da aka daɗe ana kula da ita wadda ta koma matsayin makarantar ''da son rai'' . Ba lallai ba ne makarantar koyar da Makaranta ta sami mai tallafawa. <ref name="conversionProcess">{{Cite web |title=Academy conversion process |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/academy-conversion-process |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503185031/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/academy-conversion-process |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |website=Gov.uk |publisher=Department for Education}}</ref> * '''Makaranta Kyauta''' : Makarantu kyauta sabbin makarantu ne da aka kafa tun 2011 ta hanyar Shirin Makaranta Kyauta. <ref name="FreeSchoolDefn">{{Cite web |title=Education Terms: Free Schools |url=http://www.education.gov.uk/vocabularies/educationtermsandtags/7123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503170022/http://www.education.gov.uk/vocabularies/educationtermsandtags/7123 |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |website=DfE Website |publisher=Department for Education}}</ref> Daga watan Mayu 2015, an kuma fadada amfani da kalmar zuwa sabbin makarantun da aka kafa ta hanyar gasar Hukumar Kula da Ƙananan Hukumomi. <ref name="FreeSchoolPresumption">{{Cite web |title=The free school presumption |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/451377/Academy_and_free_school_presumption_departmental_advice_2.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111142835/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/451377/Academy_and_free_school_presumption_departmental_advice_2.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2016 |access-date=16 August 2015 |website=Gov.uk}}</ref> Yawancin makarantun kyauta suna da kama da girma da siffa da sauran nau'ikan makarantun. Duk da haka, waɗannan ƙananan nau'ikan makarantun kyauta ne daban-daban: <ref name="AcademyTypes"/> ** '''[[Makarantar studio|Makarantar Studio]]''' : Ƙaramin makaranta kyauta, yawanci tana ɗauke da ɗalibai kusan 300, tana amfani da ilmantarwa bisa ga ayyuka <ref name="GovTypesOfSchool">{{Cite web |title=Types of school |url=https://www.gov.uk/types-of-school/free-schools |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219225058/https://www.gov.uk/types-of-school/free-schools |archive-date=19 February 2014 |access-date=4 May 2014 |website=Gov.uk |publisher=Department for Education}}</ref> ** '''Kwalejin Fasaha ta Jami'a''' : Makaranta kyauta ga rukunin shekaru 14-18, wacce ta ƙware a fannoni na aiki, waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan aiki, waɗanda jami'a, ma'aikaci ko kwalejin ilimi ta gaba ke ɗaukar nauyinsu. <ref name="GovTypesOfSchool" /> <ref name="UTCColleges">{{Cite web |title=UTC Colleges Overview |url=http://www.utcolleges.org/about/overview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716153058/http://www.utcolleges.org/about/overview/ |archive-date=16 July 2015 |access-date=16 July 2015 |website=UTC Colleges |publisher=Baker Dearing Educational Trust}}</ref> ** '''[[Makarantar lissafi|Makarantar Lissafi]]''' : Makaranta kyauta ta aji shida ga waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa a fannin lissafi, waɗanda suka ƙware a fannin lissafi. Jami'ar lissafi mai zaɓe ce ke ɗaukar nauyinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to open a maths school |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/how-to-open-a-maths-school |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to apply to set up a maths school for 16 to 19 year olds |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/how-to-open-a-maths-school/how-to-apply-to-set-up-a-maths-school-for-16-to-19-year-olds |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Downs |first=Janet |date=2018-05-12 |title=The chancellor can't make maths schools add up |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/the-chancellor-cant-make-maths-schools-add-up/ |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=schoolsweek.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> * '''Kwalejin Imani''' : Kwalejin da ke da takardar shaidar addini a hukumance. * '''Kwalejin haɗin gwiwa''' : Kwalejin da ke amfani da yarjejeniyar makarantar haɗin gwiwa ta madadin. Asusun ilimi na makarantar da ke gudanar da fiye da makaranta ɗaya ana kiransa '''[[Amincewa da kwaleji da yawa|amintaccen ilimi mai yawa]]''', kodayake a wasu lokutan ana amfani da kalmomin '''ƙungiyar makarantar''' ko '''ƙungiyar makarantar''' . Sarkar makarantar rukuni ne na amintattu waɗanda ke aiki tare a ƙarƙashin tsarin gudanarwa na gama gari. <ref name="SSATChains">{{Cite web |title=Academy Chains |url=http://www.ssatuk.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Academy-Chains-and-Groups.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504105416/http://www.ssatuk.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Academy-Chains-and-Groups.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2014 |access-date=4 May 2014 |website=SSAT UK website |publisher=Specialist Schools and Academies Trust}}</ref> <ref name="BecomeAcademyDfe">{{Cite web |title=Become an academy: information for schools |url=https://www.gov.uk/become-an-academy-information-for-schools |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504104002/https://www.gov.uk/become-an-academy-information-for-schools |archive-date=4 May 2014 |access-date=4 May 2014 |website=Gov.uk |publisher=Department for Education}}</ref> == Siffofi == Makarantar sakandare makaranta ce mai zaman kanta ta jiha da ke ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Kwalejin da ta yi da Ma'aikatar Ilimi, kuma a wannan lokacin tana yanke alaƙa da hukumar ilimi ta gida. Rubutun shawara na yanzu shine ''Kwalejin da yarjejeniyar bayar da kuɗaɗen karatu kyauta: yarjejeniyar bayar da kuɗaɗen karatu ta farko'' da aka sanya wa hannu a watan Maris na 2018. <ref name="Agreement">{{Cite web |title=Academy and free school-master funding agreement |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/388471/Academy_and_free_school_-_master_funding_agreement.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425083310/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/388471/Academy_and_free_school_-_master_funding_agreement.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=3 January 2018 |website=www.gov.uk}}</ref> <ref name="ws">{{Cite web |title=Changes to DfE funding agreements for academies |url=https://www.wrigleys.co.uk/news/education/changes-to-dfe-funding-agreements-for-academies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104192327/https://www.wrigleys.co.uk/news/education/changes-to-dfe-funding-agreements-for-academies/ |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=3 January 2018 |website=Wrigleys Solicitors}}</ref> Gwamnonin makarantar suna da alhakin buga rahoto da asusun shekara-shekara, waɗanda za a iya bincikawa da dubawa. <ref name="AReport">{{Cite web |title=Academy and free school-master funding agreement- 4.23 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/388471/Academy_and_free_school_-_master_funding_agreement.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425083310/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/388471/Academy_and_free_school_-_master_funding_agreement.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2017 |access-date=3 January 2018 |website=www.gov.uk}}</ref> Ana sa ran dukkan makarantun gaba da sakandare su bi manhaja mai faɗi da daidaito, amma da yawa suna da fifiko kan, ko ƙwarewa ta musamman a fannoni ɗaya ko fiye kamar kimiyya; fasaha; kasuwanci da kasuwanci; kwamfuta; injiniyanci; lissafi; harsunan ƙasashen waje na zamani; fasahar wasan kwaikwayo; wasanni; ko fasaha. Duk da cewa ana buƙatar makarantu su bi wasu fannoni na Manhajar Ƙasa, in ba haka ba suna da 'yancin ƙirƙira abubuwa; duk da haka, yayin da suke shiga cikin jarrabawar Maɓallin Mataki na 3 da GCSE iri ɗaya kamar sauran makarantun Turanci, suna koyar da manhaja mai kama da sauran makarantu, tare da ƙananan bambance-bambance kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How much do academies use their legal 'freedoms' in practice {{!}} a can of worms |url=http://davidwolfe.org.uk/wordpress/archives/1418 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104194015/http://davidwolfe.org.uk/wordpress/archives/1418 |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=3 January 2018 |website=davidwolfe.org.uk}}</ref> Kamar sauran makarantun jiha, ana buƙatar makarantun su bi Dokar Shiga Ƙasa, kodayake sabbin makarantun da aka kafa waɗanda aka sanya wa suna da alaƙa da addini suna ƙarƙashin Dokar 50% da ta buƙaci su ware aƙalla rabin guraben su ba tare da la'akari da addini ba. <ref name="admissionsCode">{{Cite web |title=School admissions code |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/school-admissions-code |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421084106/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/school-admissions-code |archive-date=21 April 2014 |access-date=4 May 2014 |website=gov.uk |publisher=Department for Education}}</ref> Dangane da shugabancinsu, makarantun an kafa su a matsayin kamfanoni waɗanda aka iyakance su ta hanyar garanti tare da kwamitin gudanarwa wanda ke aiki a matsayin Amintacce. Cibiyar Academy ta keɓe matsayin agaji, wanda Ma'aikatar Ilimi ke tsarawa. <ref name="CharityCommission"/> Amintattun suna da alhakin gudanar da makarantar bisa doka, amma ba ta kuɗi ba. Amintaccen yana aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar shari'a wadda makarantar take ɓangare. Amintaccen yana kula da gudanar da makarantar, wani lokacin yana ba da alhakin ga hukumar gudanarwa ta gida da suka naɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brunton |first=Cloe |date=28 April 2015 |title=The role of the local governing body |url=https://academytoday.co.uk/Article/the-role-of-the-local-governing-body |access-date=8 December 2018 |website=Academy Today}}</ref> Shugaban makarantar na yau da kullun, kamar yadda yake a yawancin makarantu, babban malami ne da ƙungiyar manyan jami'an gudanarwa ke gudanarwa. A cikin Kwalejin da aka Tallafa, mai tallafawa yana iya yin tasiri ga tsarin kafa makarantar, gami da manhajarta, ɗabi'a, ƙwarewa da gini (idan an gina sabuwa). Mai tallafawa kuma yana da ikon naɗa gwamnoni a cikin hukumar gudanarwa ta makarantar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Tarihi == [[File:Academy_(English_school)_logo.svg|thumb|222x222px|Tambarin Makarantu daga shekarun 2000 da 2010]] Gwamnatin Labour a ƙarƙashin Tony Blair ta kafa makarantu ta hanyar Dokar Koyo da Ƙwarewa ta 2000, <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2011 |title=Learning and Skills Act 2000 (c. 21) |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2000/00021--i.htm#130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121075842/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2000/00021--i.htm#130 |archive-date=21 November 2008 |access-date=21 August 2011 |publisher=Opsi.gov.uk}}</ref> wanda ya yi wa sashe na Dokar Ilimi ta 1996 da ta shafi Kwalejojin Fasaha ta Birni kwaskwarima. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2011 |title=Education Act 1996 (c. 56) |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1996/96056-cc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416093050/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1996/96056-cc.htm |archive-date=16 April 2007 |access-date=21 August 2011 |publisher=Opsi.gov.uk}}</ref> An fara sanar da su a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Fara Aiki na Farko <ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-03-15 |title=Anger at scheme for failing schools |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/677996.stm |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baker |first=Mike |author-link=Mike Baker (journalist) |date=2000-03-15 |title=City academy, US-style |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/678793.stm |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Education social policy: part 5 - New Labour 1997-2010: The Blair/Brown years |url=https://www.sociologystuff.com/download/0051eb63-4102-11e9-8b3a-2302c61d4837/ |access-date=2022-04-03 |archive-date=2023-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414225229/https://www.sociologystuff.com/download/0051eb63-4102-11e9-8b3a-2302c61d4837/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> a cikin wani jawabi da David Blunkett, Sakataren Harkokin Ilimi da Ƙwarewa na lokacin, ya yi a 2000. Ya ce manufarsu ita ce "inganta aikin ɗalibai da kuma karya tsarin ƙarancin tsammani." Ya zuwa shekarar 2018, makarantu da yawa suna fama da ƙarancin kuɗi da rashin aiki. Babban mai tsara manufofin shine Andrew Adonis (wanda yanzu shine Lord Adonis, tsohon Sakataren Harkokin Waje a Ma'aikatar Sufuri ) a matsayinsa na mai ba da shawara kan harkokin ilimi ga Firayim Minista a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. An san makarantun da makarantun birni a shekarun farko, amma an canza kalmar zuwa makarantun gaba da sakandare ta hanyar [[Doka|gyara]] a cikin Dokar Ilimi ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2011 |title=Education Act 2002 (c. 32) |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2002/20032--j.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180256/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2002/20032--j.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=21 August 2011 |publisher=Opsi.gov.uk}}</ref> An yi amfani da kalmar Tallafawa Makarantun Sakandare a baya ga wannan nau'in makarantar, don bambanta ta da sauran nau'ikan makarantar da aka kunna daga baya. Zuwa shekarar 2024, kusan kashi 80% na makarantun sakandare da gwamnati ke daukar nauyinsu makarantu ne ko kuma makarantu kyauta, kuma kusan kashi 40% na makarantun firamare makarantu ne. === Makarantun da aka tallafa === Da farko makarantun da aka tallafa wa ɗalibai sun buƙaci mai tallafawa ''mai zaman kansa'' wanda zai iya zama mutum ɗaya (kamar Sir David Garrard, wanda ke ɗaukar nauyin Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Bexley ), ƙungiyoyi kamar United Learning Trust, kasuwanci masu manufa kamar The Co-operative Group ko kuma kasuwancin da ke ba da riba kamar Amey plc ). Ana sa ran waɗannan masu tallafawa za su kawo "mafi kyawun ayyuka masu zaman kansu da gudanarwa mai ƙirƙira" ga makarantun, "sau da yawa yana da bambanci da rashin jagoranci da makarantun da suka gaza suka fuskanta" (wanda aka sani da makarantun da suka gabata). <ref name="PYB2008">{{Cite web |title=BSF – HOW TO SPONSOR AN ACADEMY OR A SPECIALIST SCHOOL. A GUIDE FOR SPONSORS |url=http://www.parliamentaryyearbook2008.co.uk/CP/how-to-sponsor-an-academy.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018113652/http://www.parliamentaryyearbook2008.co.uk/CP/how-to-sponsor-an-academy.html |archive-date=18 October 2012 |access-date=4 May 2014 |website=Parliamentary Year Book 2008 |publisher=Blakes}}</ref> Da farko an buƙaci su ba da gudummawar kashi 10% na kuɗaɗen jari na makarantar (har zuwa matsakaicin £2m). Sauran kuɗaɗen jari da gudanarwa an biya su ta hanyar da aka saba wa makarantun jihar Burtaniya ta hanyar tallafin da hukumomin yankin suka ba da kuɗi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Daga baya Gwamnati ta cire buƙatar saka hannun jari na kuɗi daga wani mai tallafawa mai zaman kansa a wani mataki na ƙarfafa makarantu da ƙungiyoyin agaji masu nasara da ke akwai su zama masu tallafawa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Makarantun da aka tallafa yawanci suna maye gurbin makarantu ɗaya ko fiye da da ake da su, amma wasu an kafa su sababbi. An yi nufin magance matsalar gazawar da ta yi katutu a cikin makarantun Ingilishi waɗanda ke da ƙarancin nasarar ilimi, ko makarantu da ke cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin burin ilimi. Sau da yawa ana sanya waɗannan makarantu a cikin " matakai na musamman " bayan binciken Ofsted, kamar yadda ya faru ga makarantu a cikin Co-op Academies Trust (ɗaya daga cikin manyan amintattun da kasuwanci ke tallafawa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE CO-OPERATIVE ACADEMIES TRUST - GOV.UK |url=https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Groups/Group/Details/2777#list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063504/https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Groups/Group/Details/2777#list |archive-date=6 January 2018 |access-date=28 April 2018 |website=get-information-schools.service.gov.uk}}</ref> Ana sa ran su zama masu ƙirƙira da kirkire-kirkire saboda 'yancinsu na kuɗi da na ilimi, don magance matsalolin da suka daɗe ana niyyar magance su. <ref name="CH4faqs">{{Cite web |title=Q&A: city academies |url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/society/education/qa+city+academies/1071547.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504222839/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/society/education/qa+city+academies/1071547.html |archive-date=4 May 2014 |access-date=4 May 2014 |website=Channel 4 News website |publisher=Channel 4}}</ref> Da farko dukkan makarantun da aka tallafa wa tallafin karatu dole ne su sami ƙwarewa a fannin manhaja a cikin Shirin Makarantun Ƙwararru na Turanci (SSP) . <ref name="Standards Site">{{Cite web |title=Specialist Schools |url=http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/specialistschools/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218220436/http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/specialistschools/ |archive-date=18 December 2008 |access-date=15 December 2008 |website=The Standards Site |publisher=[[Department for Children, Schools and Families]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, an cire wannan buƙatar a shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Specialist schools programme: Michael Gove announces changes |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/specialist-schools-programme-michael-gove-announces-changes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503185028/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/specialist-schools-programme-michael-gove-announces-changes |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=3 May 2014 |website=Gov.uk |publisher=Department for Education}}</ref> Zuwa watan Mayu na 2010 akwai Makarantun da aka tallafa wa tallafin karatu guda 203 a Ingila. === Makarantun masu sauya fasalin === Dokar Makarantun da aka kafa ta 2010 ta nemi ƙara yawan makarantun. Ta ba dukkan makarantun da ake kula da su damar komawa matsayin makarantar, wanda aka sani da Converter Academies kuma ta ba da damar ƙirƙirar sabbin makarantu ta hanyar Shirin Makaranta Kyauta . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A lokaci guda sabuwar gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ke jagoranta ta sanar da cewa za su mayar da kuɗaɗen tallafin karatu ga makarantun musamman [watau Matsayin Kwalejin Fasaha ] zuwa manyan kuɗaɗen tallafi. <ref name="SpecialismChanges">{{Cite web |title=Specialist schools programme: Michael Gove announces changes |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/specialist-schools-programme-michael-gove-announces-changes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503185028/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/specialist-schools-programme-michael-gove-announces-changes |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=4 May 2014 |website=Gov.uk |publisher=Department for Education}}</ref> Wannan yana nufin cewa makarantun sakandare ba za su ƙara karɓar kuɗaɗen fan miliyan 130 daga gwamnati kai tsaye ga kowace ƙwarewarsu ba. Hanya ɗaya ta sake samun iko kai tsaye kan kuɗaɗensu da kuma riƙe kuɗaɗen ƙwararru ita ce zama Kwalejin Canja wurin kuma a sami duk kuɗaɗen tallafin kai tsaye daga Gwamnati, tare da yuwuwar siyan ayyuka a farashi mai rahusa. <ref name="BBCFAQ">{{Cite web |title=Q&A: Academies |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-13274090 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212192613/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-13274090 |archive-date=12 February 2015 |access-date=4 May 2014 |website=BBC News website |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wannan, tare da wasu makarantu da ke son ƙarin 'yanci daga ikon [[Ƙaramar hukuma|hukumomin ƙananan hukumomi]], yana nufin cewa makarantun sakandare da yawa na jihohi a Ingila sun koma matsayin jami'a a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. <ref>"Huge increase in academies takes total to more than 2300", Dept. for Education Press Notice, 7 Sept. 2012. ({{Cite web |title=Huge increase in academies takes total to more than 2,300 |url=http://www.education.gov.uk/inthenews/inthenews/a00213703/huge-increase-in-academies-takes-total-to-more-than-2300 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405040951/http://www.education.gov.uk/inthenews/inthenews/a00213703/huge-increase-in-academies-takes-total-to-more-than-2300 |archive-date=5 April 2013 |access-date=2013-02-13}})</ref> Zuwa watan Afrilun 2011, adadin makarantun ya karu zuwa 629, kuma zuwa watan Agustan 2011, ya kai 1,070. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2011 |title=Open academies and academy projects in development – The Department for Education |url=http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/leadership/typesofschools/academies/a0069811/schools-submitting-applications-and-academies-that-have-opened-in-201011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831194526/http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/leadership/typesofschools/academies/a0069811/schools-submitting-applications-and-academies-that-have-opened-in-201011 |archive-date=31 August 2011 |access-date=29 August 2011 |publisher=Education.gov.uk}}</ref> Zuwa watan Yulin 2012, wannan adadin ya kai 1,957, wanda ya ninka na shekarar da ta gabata. <ref name="education.gov.uk">{{Cite web |title=Open academies, free schools, studio schools and UTCs |url=http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/leadership/typesofschools/academies/b00208569/open-academies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223002024/http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/leadership/typesofschools/academies/b00208569/open-academies |archive-date=23 February 2014 |access-date=2012-08-02}}</ref> kuma, a ranar 1 ga Nuwamban 2013, ya tsaya a 3,444. <ref name="education.gov.uk" /> === Alhaki kan kuɗi === Hukumar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi tana sa ido kan harkokin kuɗi da kuma tafiyar da makarantun gaba da sakandare. A watan Maris na 2016, an gano cewa Perry Beeches, wata cibiyar ilimi mai zaman kanta, ta share bayanan kuɗi na fam miliyan 2.5 na tallafin abinci kyauta ga makarantu, kuma ƙananan 'yan kwangila ne ke biyan babban jami'in gudanarwa. Ana sa ran sabuwar cibiyar za ta karɓe makarantunta. A watan Agusta na 2016, an sami tsohon shugaban makarantar kuma wanda ya kafa Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kings, tsohon darektan kuɗi, da kuma wani tsohon malami wanda 'yar'uwar wanda ya kafa makarantar ta aikata laifin zamba da kuɗaɗen jama'a na fam 150,000. A watan Oktoban 2017, Hukumar Kula da Makarantun Wakefield City ta ruguje, kuma ''Jaridar The Observer'' ta ruwaito cewa "Wakefield City Academies Trust yanzu ana tuhumarta da 'kwace kadarorinta' bayan ta mayar da miliyoyin fam na ajiyar makarantun zuwa asusunta kafin ta ruguje. A ranar 8 ga Satumba ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ta sanar da cewa za ta raba kanta da makarantunta 21 saboda ba za ta iya aiwatar da 'ingancin gaggawa da makarantunmu ke bukata ba'." A watan Maris na 2022, wani rahoto da Kwamitin Kula da Asusun Jama'a na Majalisar ya fitar ya gano cewa asusun makarantar da ke biyan ma'aikaci sama da £100,000 ya karu daga 1,875 zuwa 2,245 a shekarar kuɗi ta 2020–2021 daga shekarar kuɗi da ta gabata. Ba a buga wani bita da aka yi alƙawarin yi game da babban albashi da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta yi ba. Kwamitin ya kammala da cewa rashin bayyana gaskiya game da kuɗi ya lalata ikon iyaye na riƙe shugabannin makarantu da hukumomin ba da tallafi. == Tsarin canza kaya (2018) == Ana shawo kan gwamnonin makaranta su yi la'akari da matsayin makarantar, wataƙila a matsayin martani ga wata hanyar da wata hukumar ilimi mai yawa (MAT) ta bi. Suna da zaɓi biyu: su ci gaba da kasancewa tare da [[Ƙaramar hukuma|hukumar yankinsu]] ta yanzu, ko kuma su shiga wata hukumar ilimi mai yawa; canza matsayinsu zuwa wata hukumar ilimi mai zaman kanta ba ta zama zaɓi ba kafin 2018. Idan aka ba su ƙimar Ofsted 'gamsuwa' (wanda yanzu ake kira 'buƙatar ingantawa'), ba su da ikon yanke shawara. Gwamnonin suna tantance MATs da ake da su kuma suna son ɗaukar su. Ɗabi'u da dabi'u, gaurayen yankuna na makarantu da aiki, yadda makarantu daban-daban suka yi nasarar riƙe asalinsu, darajar kuɗi, da kuma ƙarfin amintaccen don tallafawa ci gaban makarantu da ma'aikata duk abubuwan da ake kwatantawa ne. Sannan gwamnonin za su zaɓi amintaccen abokin tarayya. <ref name="Lancaster">{{Cite web |date=17 October 2018 |title=Central Lancaster High School- parent Consultation Meeting |url=https://files.schudio.com/central-lancaster-high-school/files/documents/Parent_Consultation_Meeting_Powerpoint_Slides.pdf |access-date=12 August 2020 |website=files.schudio.com/central-lancaster-high-school/files/documents}}</ref> {{Rp|3}} Sai su yi rijistar sha'awa da DfE sannan su sanar da Hukumar Makarantun Yankin. Gwamnoni za su fara tattaunawa da iyaye da ma'aikata, kuma da wannan bayanin za su yanke shawara ko za su ci gaba. Idan sun yi haka, [[Amincewa da kwaleji da yawa|Kwamishinan Makarantun Yankin]] ya amince da shawarar shiga amintaccen da aka zaɓa kuma Sakataren Jiha ya ba da umarnin makarantar. Ana canja wurin ma'aikatan makarantar zuwa MAT bisa ga ƙa'idodin TUPE, kuma ana canja wurin filaye da kadarorin kasuwanci daga hukumar yankin. Makarantar za ta iya canza ra'ayinta har sai an aika takardu zuwa Sakataren Jiha don a sanya hannu; wannan yawanci yana kusan makonni uku kafin ranar da aka amince da canza makarantar. <ref name="Lancaster"/> {{Rp|9}} Akwai kuɗaɗen shari'a da ake kashewa, kuma ana ba wa wata makarantar koyon aikin gyaran makarantu £25,000 don biyan waɗannan kuɗaɗen. Dole ne hukumar yankin ta ba da hayar shekaru 125 ga amintaccen makarantar don filin. Filayen makaranta da filayen wasa suna ƙarƙashin Sashe na 77 na Dokar Ma'aunin Makaranta da Tsarin Tsarin 1998. Makarantar tana biyan wani kaso na babban kuɗinta ga MAT don ayyukan da aka raba amma a ka'ida za ta iya ɗaukar matakai mafi kyau don tabbatar da mafi kyawun ƙima. <ref name="Lancaster"/> {{Rp|8}} == Tallafi == Duk da cewa har yanzu suna cikin matakin farko na ci gaba, masu goyon bayan sun nuna bayanai masu tasowa da ke nuna ci gaba mai ban mamaki a sakamakon GCSE ga makarantun gaba da sakandare idan aka kwatanta da na baya, tare da sakamakon farko da ke nuna cewa "sakamakon GCSE yana inganta sau biyu cikin sauri a makarantun gaba da sakandare kamar na makarantun jiha". A cikin wani labarin da aka wallafa a ''jaridar The Observer'', wanda ya yi la'akari da yawancin ikirarin Gwamnati na makarantun da ke da shakku, 'yar jarida Geraldine Bedell ta yarda cewa: : Da alama, zuwa yanzu, suna aiki - ba duka sun yi kyau kamar Mossbourne ba, amma sun fi yawancin makarantun cikin gari da suka maye gurbinsu da wahala. Labarin ya ware makarantar da aka ambata, Mossbourne Community Academy da ke Hackney, a matsayin "makarantar da ta fi shahara a Birtaniya - aƙalla tare da 'yan siyasa" da kuma "makarantar da ta fi kowacce daraja a ƙasar". == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hu1hoiy6if8yqxowv6vj87bld8ojcz5 0 161120 887851 879277 2026-07-26T17:42:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Numazu Military Academy (沼津兵学校, Numazu heigakkō) was one of the first schools organized along western lines in Japan, and was located in [[Numazu, Shizuoka]]. Although the academy operated only from December 1868 to 1871, it made a major contribution to the development of [[public education]] in Japan. It was later merged into the [[Imperial Japanese Army Academy]]. == Tarihi == A lokacin Bakumatsu, ƙungiyar sojojin Tokugawa ta yi ƙoƙarin sabunta rundunar sojojinta da taimakon masu ba da shawara kan sojojin Faransa . Wannan yunƙurin bai yi nasara ba, kuma bayan Yaƙin Boshin na dawo da Meiji, ƙabilar Tokugawa, waɗanda a da suka mallaki ƙasar da kuɗin shiga sama da ''koku miliyan takwas,'' sun ragu zuwa ''koku'' 700,000, waɗanda suka bazu a lardunan Suruga, Tōtōmi da Mikawa, tare da shugaban ƙabilar, Tokugawa Iesato, suka ƙaura zuwa Numazu. A wannan lokacin, wata ƙungiyar ''hatamoto ,'' ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ebara Soroku, Abe Kuninosuke da Yatabori Keizō sun dawo daga karatu a Netherlands, suka yanke shawarar kafa makarantar sojoji a kan layin yamma a cikin harabar Gidan Numazu a watan Disamba na 1868. Manhajar makarantar ta haɗa da harsunan Turanci da Faransanci da tattaunawa, kimiyyar lissafi da sinadarai, ilimin ƙasa, ilmin taurari, tarihin duniya da ka'idar tattalin arziki. An kuma auna manhajar zuwa lissafi, musamman lissafi da trigonometry, inda aka ɗauke ta a matsayin muhimman darussan soja saboda amfani da su a fannin kewayawa, harba manyan bindigogi da kuma binciken ƙasa. Shugaban farko na makarantar shine Nishi Amane, wanda shine babban mai jagoranci a ƙirƙirar makarantar firamare da ke da alaƙa da makarantar sojoji, wadda yanzu ake ɗaukarta a matsayin makarantar firamare ta farko ta yammacin Japan. A shekarar 1869, Kwalejin Soja ta Numazu ta buga littafin farko na Japan kan injiniyan soja . A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1871, makarantar ta zo ƙarƙashin ikon Ma'aikatar Yaƙi kai tsaye, kuma a shekarar 1872, an rufe ta, aka ƙaura zuwa Tokyo, inda aka haɗa ta da sabuwar Kwalejin Sojojin Japan ta Daular Japan . Duk da cewa ta kasance tsawon shekaru huɗu kacal, ɗaliban makarantar sakandare 210 da suka kammala karatun firamare 150 sun haɗa da da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba da aiki a matsayin janar-janar a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Japan ta Daular Japan, admirals a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Daular Japan ko kuma a matsayin fitattun malamai ko 'yan siyasa. Makarantar firamare ta yi aiki a matsayin abin koyi ga sauran makarantun firamare waɗanda aka kafa ba da daɗewa ba a duk faɗin Japan. Kwalejin Soja ta Numazu ita ma ta kasance batun fim ɗin darakta Tadashi Imai na farko a shekarar 1939. <ref>[http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1939/bo000810.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023529/http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1939/bo000810.htm |date=2016-03-04 }} Japanese movie database {{In lang|ja}}</ref> == Manazarta == 0eqnrwqagkiya39ig7buxprpsy82xij 0 161156 887792 879727 2026-07-26T16:20:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yaba,''' makarantar sakandare ce mallakar Gwamnatin Tarayya ga ɗaliban ƙananan da manyan makarantun sakandare kawai, wacce Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ke gudanarwa. Makarantar sakandare ce ta gauraya da ke [[Yaba, Lagos|Yaba]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], [[Najeriya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-30 |title=Complete List of Federal Unity Schools / Colleges in Nigeria |url=https://www.allschool.com.ng/list-of-federal-unity-schools-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-02-14 |website=Allschool |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2021-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212165904/https://www.allschool.com.ng/list-of-federal-unity-schools-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun haɗin kai sama da 100 mallakar Gwamnatin Tarayya da [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayyan Najeriya|Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya]], Najeriya ke kula da su. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Unity Colleges |url=https://education.gov.ng/federal-unity-colleges/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Federal Ministry of Education |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yaba a shekarar 1948. <ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST: Federal Unity Colleges in Nigeria {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/list-federal-unity-colleges-nigeria |access-date=2022-02-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == j9cwwyk28uwc3ortmwcai8887utcg20 0 161947 888019 885278 2026-07-27T09:14:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Luck Zogbé''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Maris 2005) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Ivory Coast wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] a ƙungiyar Ligue 1 ta Brest da kuma [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Ivory Coast|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ivory Coast]] . == Aikin kulob == Bayan karewar kwantiraginsa a kulob din Ivory Coast LYS Sassandra, Zogbé ya zama dan wasa mai zaman kansa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2023 |title=Stade Brestois. Luck Zogbé signe pro |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/sport/football/stade-brestois/stade-brestois-luck-zogbe-signe-pro-5133a576-740a-11ee-95a0-ef7bd8d1bd16 |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=[[Ouest-France]] |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Agusta 2023, kungiyar [[Ligue 1]] Brest ta gayyace shi don kammala gwaje-gwaje da kungiyar farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2023 |title=LUCK ZOGBÉ REJOINT LE STADE BRESTOIS |url=https://www.sb29.bzh/26-10-23-luck-zogbe-rejoint-le-stade-brestois.php |access-date=21 April 2024 |publisher=[[Stade Brestois 29]] |language=fr}}</ref> Watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin kwararru na kakar wasa hudu da kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2023 |title=Luck Zogbé, jeune latéral ivoirien, rejoint Brest |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Luck-zogbe-jeune-lateral-ivoirien-rejoint-brest/1427966 |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=[[L'Équipe]] |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2023 |title=BREST : LE STADE BRESTOIS S’OFFRE UNE PÉPITE IVOIRIENNE (OFFICIEL) |url=https://www.africatopsports.com/2023/10/26/brest-le-stade-brestois-soffre-une-pepite-ivoirienne-officiel/ |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=Africa Top Sports |language=fr}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matakin farko a Brest a wasan da suka doke Trélissac da ci 2-1 a zagaye na 32 na Coupe de France a ranar 20 ga Janairu 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dilasser |first=Thierry |date=23 January 2024 |title=Qui est Luck Zogbé, le latéral qui a fait ses débuts avec le Stade Brestois |url=https://www.letelegramme.fr/sports/football/stade-brestois/qui-est-luck-zogbe-le-lateral-qui-a-fait-ses-debuts-avec-le-stade-brestois-6510673.php |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=[[Le Télégramme]] |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2024, Zogbé ya fara buga wasa a Ligue 1 a wasan da Lyon ta sha kashi da ci 4-3, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 80. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2024 |title=OL / BREST - (4 / 3) - J29 - 2023-2024 |url=https://www.ligue1.fr/feuille-match?matchId=71892 |access-date=21 April 2024 |publisher=[[Ligue 1]] |language=fr |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529121243/https://www.ligue1.fr/feuille-match?matchId=71892 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 14 ga Maris 2024, Zogbe ya sami kiransa na biyu zuwa ga 'yan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafar Ivory Coast ta Kasa da Shekaru 23|Ivory Coast 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23]], bayan ya riga ya buga wa ƙungiyar wasa a watan Yunin 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2024 |title=Stade Brestois. Luck Zogbé appelé en sélection U23 de la Côte d’Ivoire |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/sport/football/stade-brestois/stade-brestois-luck-zogbe-appele-en-selection-u23-de-la-cote-divoire-323aed24-e20e-11ee-b500-8385a3b868c8 |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=[[Ouest-France]] |language=fr}}</ref> == Daraja == '''<nowiki/>'Yan ƙasa da shekara 20 na ƙasar Ivory Coast''' * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar Maurice Revello : 2024 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] r4v3trw68kws0ngt5fyhjlpeu79xu51 0 162143 888056 886550 2026-07-27T09:57:37Z BnHamid 12586 888056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kalu Idika Kalu''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1939) ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne. Ya taɓa riƙe muƙamin [[Ministan Kuɗi na Najeriya]] sau biyu, sannan ya kasance Ministan Tsare-tsaren Ƙasa da kuma Ministan Sufuri.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://firstchoiceleasingltd.com/directors](http://firstchoiceleasingltd.com/directors) |title=Directors |publisher=First Choice Leasing Ltd |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180222165015/http://firstchoiceleasingltd.com/directors](https://web.archive.org/web/20180222165015/http://firstchoiceleasingltd.com/directors) |archivedate=22 February 2018 |accessdate=2 August 2023}}</ref> Ya kuma tsaya takarar shugaban ƙasa a [[zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na 2003]] a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[The New Nigeria Peoples Party]] (NNPP).<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://nigeriaworld.com/feature/publication/offoaro/060702.html](https://nigeriaworld.com/feature/publication/offoaro/060702.html) |title=Kalu Idika Kalu: An Igbo who wants to be Nigeria's President. Part I |website=Nigeria World |date=7 June 2002 |author=Godson Offoaro |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180804050020/https://nigeriaworld.com/feature/publication/offoaro/060702.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20180804050020/https://nigeriaworld.com/feature/publication/offoaro/060702.html) |archivedate=4 August 2018 |accessdate=2 August 2023}}</ref> ==Rayuwar farko== An haifi Kalu a Owerri, [[Jihar Imo]], da ke kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. Asalinsa daga Ebem Ohafia ne a [[Jihar Abia]], Najeriya. Yana daga cikin ƙabilar Ibo ta Najeriya. Ya yi karatu a [[Kings College Lagos]] daga shekarar 1954 zuwa 1960. Daga baya ya samu digirin farko na Bachelor of Science a fannin tattalin arziki a shekarar 1964. Haka kuma ya samu digirin Master of Arts a fannin tattalin arziki a shekarar 1965, sannan ya samu digirin digirgir (Ph.D.) a fannin bunƙasa tattalin arziki da harkokin kuɗaɗen jama'a a shekarar 1972 daga [[Jami'ar Wisconsin]]. Ya kuma kasance Stimson Fellow yayin da yake karatu a [[Jami'ar Yale]].<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1658&catid=583&Itemid=233&allposts=1](http://nigeriavillagesquare.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1658&catid=583&Itemid=233&allposts=1) |title=The Foundation Interview Series #13: Dr Kalu Idika Kalu |website=Nigeria Village Square |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180804081219/http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1658&catid=583&Itemid=233&allposts=1](https://web.archive.org/web/20180804081219/http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1658&catid=583&Itemid=233&allposts=1) |archivedate=4 August 2018 |accessdate=2 August 2023}}</ref> ==Aiki== Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa [[Justice Party (Nigeria)|Justice Party]], amma ya tsaya takarar shugaban ƙasa a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar NNPP a [[zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na 2003]]. Ya gudanar da bincike kan tattalin arzikin ƙasashe masu tasowa tare da koyarwa a matakin jami'a. Yayin da yake aiki a sashen [[World Bank East Asia]] da [[Pacific Programs Department]], Kalu ya bayar da gagarumar gudummawa ga nazarin tattalin arzikin ƙananan da manyan fannoni na ƙasashen [[Japan]], [[Koriya]], [[Taiwan]] da [[Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.newdiplomatng.com/2016/08/02/nigeria-needs-structures-restructuring-idika-kalu/](https://www.newdiplomatng.com/2016/08/02/nigeria-needs-structures-restructuring-idika-kalu/) |title=Nigeria Needs Structures And Restructuring - Idika Kalu |website=The New Diplomat |author=John Oghojafor |date=2 August 2016 |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180804111419/https://www.newdiplomatng.com/2016/08/02/nigeria-needs-structures-restructuring-idika-kalu/](https://web.archive.org/web/20180804111419/https://www.newdiplomatng.com/2016/08/02/nigeria-needs-structures-restructuring-idika-kalu/) |archivedate=4 August 2018 |accessdate=2 August 2023}}</ref> Ya riƙe muƙamai daban-daban a Najeriya da kuma ƙasashen waje, ciki har da: * Kwamishinan Kuɗi da Tsare-tsare a Jihar Imo * Ministan Kuɗi * Ministan Tsare-tsaren Ƙasa * [[Ministan Sufuri]] * Shugaban Majalisar Ministocin [[ECOWAS]] * Shugaban Kwamitin Bunƙasa na [[Bankin Duniya]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-finance minister, Kalu Idika Kalu, to chair The Sun Awards |date=22 February 2018 |location=Nigeria |url=[http://sunnewsonline.com/ex-finance-minister-kalu-idika-kalu-to-chair-the-sun-awards/](http://sunnewsonline.com/ex-finance-minister-kalu-idika-kalu-to-chair-the-sun-awards/) |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180222054216/http://sunnewsonline.com/ex-finance-minister-kalu-idika-kalu-to-chair-the-sun-awards/](https://web.archive.org/web/20180222054216/http://sunnewsonline.com/ex-finance-minister-kalu-idika-kalu-to-chair-the-sun-awards/) |archivedate=22 February 2018 |accessdate=2 August 2023|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> Shi mamba ne na jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC), wadda ya shiga bayan ya fice daga jam'iyyar [[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP), saboda yana da imanin cewa Najeriya na buƙatar ingantaccen tsarin jam'iyyu biyu masu ƙarfi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why I joined APC - Idika Kalu |url=[https://thenationonlineng.net/why-i-joined-apc-idika-kalu/](https://thenationonlineng.net/why-i-joined-apc-idika-kalu/) |location=Lagos, Nigeria|author=Sunny Nwankwo |date=6 December 2015 |accessdate=2 August 2023 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> ==Rayuwar sirri== Ya auri Imo Kalu, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya biyar. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 6c10z0t78vc3ldbevww0u6dx3l5rddc 0 162179 887927 886705 2026-07-27T00:18:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Olanrewaju Oladapo Edun | birth_date = 1961 | birth_place = [[Ogun State]], [[Nigeria]] | occupation = Politician | office = Member of the House of Representatives | constituency = Abeokuta South Federal Constituency | term_start = 2019 | party = All Progressives Congress (APC) }} '''Olanrewaju Oladapo Edun''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya taɓa wakiltar mazaɓar tarayya ta Abeokuta ta Kudu a [[House of Representatives (Nigeria)|Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya]]. An haife shi a shekarar 1961, kuma ya fito ne daga [[Jihar Ogun]]. An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Wakilai a zaɓen shekarar 2019 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/olanrewaju-oladapo-edun |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=Citizen Science Nigeria |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Penpushing |date=22 May 2022 |title=Meet Lanre Edun, a politician with Midas touch |url=https://penpushing.com.ng/meet-lanre-edun-a-politician-with-midas-touch/ |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=PENPUSHING |language=en-US |archive-date=19 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119063746/https://penpushing.com.ng/meet-lanre-edun-a-politician-with-midas-touch/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=News Desk |date=28 September 2022 |title=Reps step down motion to stop touts on major highway |url=https://dailynigerian.com/reps-step-motion-touts-major/ |access-date=5 June 2025 |newspaper=[[Daily Nigerian]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Imenger |first=Senater |date=25 February 2019 |title=Nigeria election result: APC wins four out of nine Reps in Ogun |url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/02/25/nigeria-election-result-apc-wins-four-nine-reps-ogun/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=5 June 2025 |newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Ministan Kuɗi kuma Ministan da ke Daidaita Harkokin Tattalin Arziki.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yakubu |first=Dirisu |date=9 January 2025 |title=2025 budget defence: Edun, Bagudu, others under fire in Senate |url=https://punchng.com/2025-budget-defence-edun-bagudu-others-under-fire-in-senate/ |access-date=5 June 2025 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 January 2025 |title=Edun, Bagudu grilled as Senate opens 2025 budget defence|url=https://dailytrust.com/edun-bagudu-grilled-as-senate-opens-2025-budget-defence/ |access-date=5 June 2025 |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == coobcvfjhh5kr7tgazo7or5ritip7xn 0 162180 887928 886708 2026-07-27T00:45:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 887928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Lateef Raji | honorific_suffix = | image = Lateef Raji.jpg | image_size = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1962|10|12}} | birth_place = Idoani, [[Ondo State]], Nigeria | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2017|08|14|1962|10|12}} | death_place =Magodo, [[Lagos State]], Nigeria | death_cause = | burial_place = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) --> | nationality = | other_names = | alma_mater = {{plainlist| *Irekari Grammar School *New Church High School *[[University of Lagos]]}} | occupation = {{flatlist| *businessman*}} | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works" --> | party = | spouse = | children = | awards = | website = {{URL|lateefraji.com}} | module = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''Lateef Oludare Raji''' (12 ga Oktoba, 1962 – 14 ga Agusta, 2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2016/03/biography-of-lateef-raji.html |title=Biography of Lateef Raji |publisher=Nigerian Biography |accessdate=27 January 2016}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> tsohon mai ba da shawara ne kan harkokin yaɗa labarai da dabaru ga tsohon gwamnan [[Legas|Jihar Legas]], [[Babatunde Raji Fashola]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ekene-Okoro|first1=Mirian|title=Fashola's men and their 2015 ambition|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/fasholas-men-and-their-2015-ambition/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|date=2 September 2014|accessdate=25 January 2017}}</ref> Haka kuma ya taɓa zama kwamishina a gwamnatin tsohon gwamnan [[Legas|Jihar Legas]], [[Bola Tinubu]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Citizen|first1=The|title=Buhari, biographer lied in new book – APC chieftains|url=http://thecitizenng.com/buhari-biographer-lied-in-new-book-apc-chieftains/|accessdate=25 January 2017|publisher=The Citizen Ng}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=News|first1=Per second|title=Ministers, Govs Unchanging Game plan: Gang up on Tinubu|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/232453/ministers-govs-unchanging-game-plan-gang-up-on-tinubu.html|accessdate=25 January 2017|publisher=The Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Kafin rasuwarsa a shekarar 2017, ya kasance mamba a kwamitin [[Lagos State Independent Electoral Commission]] (LASIEC).<ref name="LAB">{{cite news|last1=Admin|title=Live above board, be fair to all, Ambode tells LASIEC|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/06/live-board-fair-ambode-lasiec/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=25 January 2017|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Olufowobi|first1=Sesan|title=Ex-Lagos CJ to become LASIEC boss|url=http://punchng.com/ex-lagos-cj-become-lasiec-boss/|accessdate=25 January 2017|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> ==Rayuwar farko da ilimi== An haifi Raji a [[Jihar Ondo]]. Ya fara karatunsa a Irekari Grammar School, Idoani, tsakanin shekarun 1974 zuwa 1978. Daga nan ya halarci New Church High School, Owo, a Jihar Ondo a shekarar 1978, inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala karatun sakandare (Ordinary Level School Certificate) a shekarar 1980.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Admin|title=Principal officers of LASIEC|url=http://lasiec.lagosstate.gov.ng/principal-officers/|website=LASIEC|accessdate=25 January 2017}}</ref> Bayan haka ya wuce [[Unilag|Jami'ar Legas]] domin karantar tarihi. Ya samu digirin Bachelor of Arts (Hons) a shekarar 1997 sannan ya samu digirin digirgir na biyu (Master's degree) a fannin tarihi a shekarar 2000.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Adeleye|first1=Maxwell|title=Fashola's ex aide Lateef Raji joins Ondo Governorship Race|url=http://africanspotlight.com/2016/02/26/fasholas-ex-aide-lateef-raji-joins-ondo-governorship-race/|website=African Spotlight|accessdate=25 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202040910/http://africanspotlight.com/2016/02/26/fasholas-ex-aide-lateef-raji-joins-ondo-governorship-race/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Aiki da siyasa== Raji ya fara aikinsa a matsayin Edita a kamfanin Ahrada West African Publishing tsakanin shekarun 1996 zuwa 2000, sannan daga baya aka ƙara masa girma zuwa Babban Edita (Editor-in-Chief), mukamin da ya riƙe daga shekarar 2000 zuwa 2003. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Najeriya a World Education Resources Centre da ke Birtaniya tsakanin shekarun 2003 zuwa 2007. Daga baya ya zama Manajan Darakta kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa (CEO) na kamfanin Thrazel Nigerian.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Admin|title=Principal officers of LASIEC|url=http://lasiec.lagosstate.gov.ng/principal-officers/|website=LASIEC|accessdate=25 January 2017}}</ref> Bayan haka ya fara karatun digirin digirgir (PhD) a [[Jami'ar Legas]], Legas.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Abatti|first1=Tolani|title=Lateef Raji recaps how he survived cancer of the throat|url=http://encomium.ng/lateef-raji-recaps-how-he-survived-cancer-of-the-throat/|accessdate=25 January 2017|publisher=Encomium}}</ref> Raji ya shiga siyasa a shekarar 1999, inda ya zama sakataren jam'iyyar [[Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria)|Alliance for Democracy]] na [[Legas|Jihar Legas]]. Daga baya ya zama shugaban ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin jam'iyyar lokacin da ta rabu gida biyu. Ana kuma danganta shi da ƙirƙirar tambarin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC), kasancewar hannun da ke riƙe da tsintsiya a tambarin jam'iyyar nasa ne tun daga lokacin da jam'iyyar take [[Action Congress of Nigeria]] har zuwa lokacin da ta koma [[All Progressives Congress|APC]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Abatti|first1=Tolani|title=Lateef Raji recaps how he survived cancer of the throat|url=http://encomium.ng/lateef-raji-recaps-how-he-survived-cancer-of-the-throat/|accessdate=25 January 2017|publisher=Encomium}}</ref> Ya nemi tikitin tsayawa takarar [[House of Representatives (Nigeria)|Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya]] mai wakiltar mazaɓar [[Oshodi-Isolo|Osodi/Isolo]] a shekarar 2011 ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|APC]], amma bai samu tikitin jam'iyyar ba. Daga baya aka naɗa shi a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara na Musamman kan Yaɗa Labarai da Dabaru ga tsohon gwamnan [[Legas|Jihar Legas]], [[Babatunde Raji Fashola]], tsakanin shekarun 2011 zuwa 2015.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Akoni|first1=Olasunkanmi|title=Fashola sears in Commissioners|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/07/fashola-swears-in-commissioners/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=25 January 2017|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> A babban zaɓen shekarar 2015 ya sake neman wakiltar mazaɓarsa ta [[House of Representatives (Nigeria)|Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya]] ta [[Oshodi-Isolo|Osodi/Isolo]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Oladesu|first1=Emmanuel|title=Who emerges as Lagos APC governorship candidate?|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/emerges-lagos-apc-governorship-candidate/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=25 January 2017|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> amma ya sake rasa tikitin jam'iyyar<ref>{{cite news|last1=Akinrefon|first1=Dapo|title=APC: Bayewu withdraws from Lagos West sen race|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/apc-bayewu-withdraws-lagos-west-sen-race-2/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|accessdate=25 January 2017|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> ga Hon. Timothy Olumuyiwa Olubintan. Daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu neman takarar gwamnan [[Jihar Ondo]] a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Adeleye|first1=Maxwell|title=Fashola's ex aide Lateef Raji joins Ondo Governorship Race|url=http://africanspotlight.com/2016/02/26/fasholas-ex-aide-lateef-raji-joins-ondo-governorship-race/|website=African Spotlight|accessdate=25 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202040910/http://africanspotlight.com/2016/02/26/fasholas-ex-aide-lateef-raji-joins-ondo-governorship-race/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Sirenayo|title=There's no government in Ondo State, Mimiko is a palace Chief – Lateef Raji, APC Chieftain|url=http://www.sirkenayo.com/theres-no-government-in-ondo-state-mimiko-is-a-palace-chief-lateef-raji-apc-chieftain/|website=Sirkenayo|accessdate=25 January 2017|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404010551/http://www.sirkenayo.com/theres-no-government-in-ondo-state-mimiko-is-a-palace-chief-lateef-raji-apc-chieftain/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2016, gwamnan [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] ya naɗa shi a matsayin mamba na kwamitin Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Jihar Legas (LASIEC).<ref name="LAB"/> ==Rayuwar sirri== Raji Musulmi ne. Ya auri Alhaja Raji kuma suna da 'ya'ya huɗu.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Abatti|first1=Tolani|title=Lateef Raji recaps how he survived cancer of the throat|url=http://encomium.ng/lateef-raji-recaps-how-he-survived-cancer-of-the-throat/|website=Emcomium|date=21 October 2014 |accessdate=25 January 2017}}</ref> ==Mutuwa== Raji ya rasu da sanyin safiyar ranar 14 ga Agusta, 2017 sakamakon cutar [[Oropharyngeal cancer|kansar maƙogwaro]]. Daga bisani aka binne shi a wannan rana a garinsu na Idoani da ke [[Jihar Ondo]], bisa ga koyarwar addinin Musulunci.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://saharareporters.com/2017/08/14/former-fashola-aide-lateef-raji-dead|title=Former Fashola Aide Lateef Raji Is Dead|work=Sahara Reporters|date=14 August 2017}}</ref> ==Manazarta== choqx1nvybpkcyzft30jv2508yjt4rx 0 162294 887638 2026-07-26T12:40:17Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315545679|Tofā Sauni]]" 887638 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Tofā Maunu Sauni''' (c. 1820s-1900s) ya rike taken mai magana na Samoan na Sauni don Tufulele, Upolu, Samoa, a cikin shekarun 1890. Ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga masanin ilimin ƙabilanci na Jamus Dokta Augustin Kraemer a cikin binciken Kraemer na Samoa, ''Tsibirin Samoa'' (vols 1-2, 1901 & 1903). Likitan Jamus ya zama masanin ilimin ƙabilanci ya ɗauki Sauni a matsayin 'malamin da ya fi dacewa' da kuma 'abokin da ba za a iya girgiza ba'. A cewar Kraemer, Sauni yawanci ana kallon shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutane masu hikima a cikinsu' Tofā Sauni ya kuma taimaka wa masanin Jamusanci Dr Oskar Stübel a cikin karatunsa na al'adun Samoa shekaru goma ko haka kafin Kraemer. Sauni an san shi da Stübel da Maunu, na Leulumoega . == Manazarta == <references /> hi5gmqgzth5ly295myuovwcfmudr6q8 887639 887638 2026-07-26T12:40:48Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 887639 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tofā Maunu Sauni''' (c. 1820s-1900s) ya rike taken mai magana na Samoan na Sauni don Tufulele, Upolu, Samoa, a cikin shekarun 1890. Ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga masanin ilimin ƙabilanci na Jamus Dokta Augustin Kraemer a cikin binciken Kraemer na Samoa, ''Tsibirin Samoa'' (vols 1-2, 1901 & 1903). Likitan Jamus ya zama masanin ilimin ƙabilanci ya ɗauki Sauni a matsayin 'malamin da ya fi dacewa' da kuma 'abokin da ba za a iya girgiza ba'. A cewar Kraemer, Sauni yawanci ana kallon shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutane masu hikima a cikinsu' Tofā Sauni ya kuma taimaka wa masanin Jamusanci Dr Oskar Stübel a cikin karatunsa na al'adun Samoa shekaru goma ko haka kafin Kraemer. Sauni an san shi da Stübel da Maunu, na Leulumoega . == Manazarta == <references /> 0szgskmwoz7l25slw7nfq1sag057rct 887640 887639 2026-07-26T12:41:33Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 887640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tofā Maunu Sauni''' (c. 1820s-1900s) ya rike taken mai magana na Samoan na Sauni don Tufulele, Upolu, Samoa, a cikin shekarun 1890. Ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga masanin ilimin ƙabilanci na Jamus Dokta Augustin Kraemer a cikin binciken Kraemer na Samoa, ''Tsibirin Samoa'' (vols 1-2, 1901 & 1903). Likitan Jamus ya zama masanin ilimin ƙabilanci ya ɗauki Sauni a matsayin 'malamin da ya fi dacewa' da kuma 'abokin da ba za a iya girgiza ba'. A cewar Kraemer, Sauni yawanci ana kallon shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutane masu hikima a cikinsu'<ref>The Devil's Handwriting: Pre-Coloniality and the German State in Quingdao, Samoa, and Southwest Africa (pp. 310-311). George Steinmetz. University of Chicago Press, 2007.</ref> Tofā Sauni ya kuma taimaka wa masanin Jamusanci Dr Oskar Stübel a cikin karatunsa na al'adun Samoa shekaru goma ko haka kafin Kraemer. Sauni an san shi da Stübel da Maunu, na Leulumoega . == Manazarta == <references /> 5c0wx0lfcr9fb89qwdkyohp38us5c9e 887641 887640 2026-07-26T12:41:56Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 887641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tofā Maunu Sauni''' (c. 1820s-1900s) ya rike taken mai magana na Samoan na Sauni don Tufulele, Upolu, Samoa, a cikin shekarun 1890. Ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga masanin ilimin ƙabilanci na Jamus Dokta Augustin Kraemer a cikin binciken Kraemer na Samoa, ''Tsibirin Samoa'' (vols 1-2, 1901 & 1903). Likitan Jamus ya zama masanin ilimin ƙabilanci ya ɗauki Sauni a matsayin 'malamin da ya fi dacewa' da kuma 'abokin da ba za a iya girgiza ba'. A cewar Kraemer, Sauni yawanci ana kallon shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutane masu hikima a cikinsu'<ref>The Devil's Handwriting: Pre-Coloniality and the German State in Quingdao, Samoa, and Southwest Africa (pp. 310-311). George Steinmetz. University of Chicago Press, 2007.</ref> Tofā Sauni ya kuma taimaka wa masanin Jamusanci Dr Oskar Stübel a cikin karatunsa na al'adun Samoa shekaru goma ko haka kafin Kraemer. Sauni an san shi da Stübel da Maunu, na Leulumoega . == Manazarta == <references /> bq0vjkucvqn49qfxceysepm7mo8fuzc 0 162295 887642 2026-07-26T12:44:40Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1118711471|Faalavaau Galu]]" 887642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Faalavaau Galu''' (12 ga Satumba 1902 - 29 ga Oktoba 1975) ya kasance shugaban [[Samoa|Yammacin Samoa]] kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar dokoki daga 1957 har zuwa 1973, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin, Rediyo da watsa shirye-shirye tsakanin 1957 da 1970. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a shekara ta 1902, an ba Galu taken Faalavaau a shekara ta 1923. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya kasance fitaccen ɗan wasan crick da rugby. Ya shiga ƙungiyar Mau mai adawa da mulkin mallaka, ya zama sakatarenta. Wani memba na Fono na Faipule, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kujerar jiki. A shekara ta 1939 an nada shi a Majalisar Dokoki, ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1946. <ref name="PIM" /> Bayan ya bar Majalisar, ya yi aiki ga Kamfanin Union da I.H. Carruthers . <ref name="PIM" /> A shekara ta 1956 an same shi da laifin rashin lissafin kaya ga ma'aikacinsa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin watanni shida a kurkuku. Koyaya, bayan an biya kuɗin, an maye gurbin hukuncinsa da tarar £ 15.<ref name="PIM2" /> Galu ya koma siyasa a shekara ta 1957, lokacin da aka zabe shi a Majalisar dokoki da aka sake kafawa. Bayan zaben, an nada shi Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin da Rediyo, tare da watsa shirye-shirye da aka kara a cikin fayil dinsa a shekarar 1958. A shekara ta 1960 ya shiga Majalisar Tsarin Mulki kuma yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan sabon kundin tsarin mulki. An sake zabarsa a 1961, 1964 da 1967, yana riƙe da fayil din ministocinsa a karkashin Firayim Minista Fiame Mata'afa bayan kowane zabe. Kodayake an sake zabarsa a shekarar 1970, Mata'afa ya rasa zaben Firayim Minista kuma ba a nada Galu a matsayin mukamin a sabuwar majalisar ministoci ba. Bai tsaya takara a Zaben 1973 ba. Galu ya mutu a watan Oktoba 1975 yana da shekaru 73. Matarsa da 'ya'yansu mata huɗu ne suka mutu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] gn1xorswsz9h5mnnqirpjgvv4miabwd 887643 887642 2026-07-26T12:44:59Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 887643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faalavaau Galu''' (12 ga Satumba 1902 - 29 ga Oktoba 1975) ya kasance shugaban [[Samoa|Yammacin Samoa]] kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar dokoki daga 1957 har zuwa 1973, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin, Rediyo da watsa shirye-shirye tsakanin 1957 da 1970. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a shekara ta 1902, an ba Galu taken Faalavaau a shekara ta 1923. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya kasance fitaccen ɗan wasan crick da rugby. Ya shiga ƙungiyar Mau mai adawa da mulkin mallaka, ya zama sakatarenta. Wani memba na Fono na Faipule, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kujerar jiki. A shekara ta 1939 an nada shi a Majalisar Dokoki, ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1946. <ref name="PIM" /> Bayan ya bar Majalisar, ya yi aiki ga Kamfanin Union da I.H. Carruthers . <ref name="PIM" /> A shekara ta 1956 an same shi da laifin rashin lissafin kaya ga ma'aikacinsa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin watanni shida a kurkuku. Koyaya, bayan an biya kuɗin, an maye gurbin hukuncinsa da tarar £ 15.<ref name="PIM2" /> Galu ya koma siyasa a shekara ta 1957, lokacin da aka zabe shi a Majalisar dokoki da aka sake kafawa. Bayan zaben, an nada shi Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin da Rediyo, tare da watsa shirye-shirye da aka kara a cikin fayil dinsa a shekarar 1958. A shekara ta 1960 ya shiga Majalisar Tsarin Mulki kuma yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan sabon kundin tsarin mulki. An sake zabarsa a 1961, 1964 da 1967, yana riƙe da fayil din ministocinsa a karkashin Firayim Minista Fiame Mata'afa bayan kowane zabe. Kodayake an sake zabarsa a shekarar 1970, Mata'afa ya rasa zaben Firayim Minista kuma ba a nada Galu a matsayin mukamin a sabuwar majalisar ministoci ba. Bai tsaya takara a Zaben 1973 ba. Galu ya mutu a watan Oktoba 1975 yana da shekaru 73. Matarsa da 'ya'yansu mata huɗu ne suka mutu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] 9tpgictaqxb5xu979ra8w9xta65r67v 887644 887643 2026-07-26T12:47:10Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 887644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faalavaau Galu''' (12 ga Satumba 1902 - 29 ga Oktoba 1975) ya kasance shugaban [[Samoa|Yammacin Samoa]] kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar dokoki daga 1957 har zuwa 1973, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin, Rediyo da watsa shirye-shirye tsakanin 1957 da 1970. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a shekara ta 1902, an ba Galu taken Faalavaau a shekara ta 1923. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya kasance fitaccen ɗan wasan crick da rugby. Ya shiga ƙungiyar Mau mai adawa da mulkin mallaka, ya zama sakatarenta. Wani memba na Fono na Faipule, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kujerar jiki. A shekara ta 1939 an nada shi a Majalisar Dokoki, ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1946. <ref name="PIM" /> Bayan ya bar Majalisar, ya yi aiki ga Kamfanin Union da I.H. Carruthers . <ref name="PIM" /> A shekara ta 1956 an same shi da laifin rashin lissafin kaya ga ma'aikacinsa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin watanni shida a kurkuku. Koyaya, bayan an biya kuɗin, an maye gurbin hukuncinsa da tarar £ 15.<ref name="PIM2" /> Galu ya koma siyasa a shekara ta 1957, lokacin da aka zabe shi a Majalisar dokoki da aka sake kafawa. Bayan zaben, an nada shi Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin da Rediyo, tare da watsa shirye-shirye da aka kara a cikin fayil dinsa a shekarar 1958.<ref name=PIM/><ref name=PIM2>[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-320846764/view?sectionId=nla.obj-340480063&partId=nla.obj-320959494#page/n143/mode/1up Well-Known Samoan Before Court] November 1956, p142</ref> A shekara ta 1960 ya shiga Majalisar Tsarin Mulki kuma yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan sabon kundin tsarin mulki. An sake zabarsa a 1961, 1964 da 1967, yana riƙe da fayil din ministocinsa a karkashin Firayim Minista Fiame Mata'afa bayan kowane zabe. Kodayake an sake zabarsa a shekarar 1970, Mata'afa ya rasa zaben Firayim Minista kuma ba a nada Galu a matsayin mukamin a sabuwar majalisar ministoci ba. Bai tsaya takara a Zaben 1973 ba. Galu ya mutu a watan Oktoba 1975 yana da shekaru 73. Matarsa da 'ya'yansu mata huɗu ne suka mutu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] mtehtmnmlyx2kpno79rifh3ros4lvml 887645 887644 2026-07-26T12:48:52Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 887645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faalavaau Galu''' (12 ga Satumba 1902 - 29 ga Oktoba 1975) ya kasance shugaban [[Samoa|Yammacin Samoa]] kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar dokoki daga 1957 har zuwa 1973, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin, Rediyo da watsa shirye-shirye tsakanin 1957 da 1970. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a shekara ta 1902, an ba Galu taken Faalavaau a shekara ta 1923. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya kasance fitaccen ɗan wasan crick da rugby. Ya shiga ƙungiyar Mau mai adawa da mulkin mallaka, ya zama sakatarenta. Wani memba na Fono na Faipule, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kujerar jiki. A shekara ta 1939 an nada shi a Majalisar Dokoki, ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1946. <ref name="PIM" /> Bayan ya bar Majalisar, ya yi aiki ga Kamfanin Union da I.H. Carruthers . <ref name="PIM" /> <ref>[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-320274035/view?sectionId=nla.obj-364341821&partId=nla.obj-320442152#page/n21/mode/1up Important New Post in W. Samoa] ''Pacific Islands Monthly'', March 1958</ref> A shekara ta 1956 an same shi da laifin rashin lissafin kaya ga ma'aikacinsa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin watanni shida a kurkuku. Koyaya, bayan an biya kuɗin, an maye gurbin hukuncinsa da tarar £ 15.<ref name="PIM2" /> Galu ya koma siyasa a shekara ta 1957, lokacin da aka zabe shi a Majalisar dokoki da aka sake kafawa. Bayan zaben, an nada shi Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin da Rediyo, tare da watsa shirye-shirye da aka kara a cikin fayil dinsa a shekarar 1958.<ref name=PIM/><ref name=PIM2>[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-320846764/view?sectionId=nla.obj-340480063&partId=nla.obj-320959494#page/n143/mode/1up Well-Known Samoan Before Court] November 1956, p142</ref> A shekara ta 1960 ya shiga Majalisar Tsarin Mulki kuma yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan sabon kundin tsarin mulki. An sake zabarsa a 1961, 1964 da 1967, yana riƙe da fayil din ministocinsa a karkashin Firayim Minista Fiame Mata'afa bayan kowane zabe. Kodayake an sake zabarsa a shekarar 1970, Mata'afa ya rasa zaben Firayim Minista kuma ba a nada Galu a matsayin mukamin a sabuwar majalisar ministoci ba. Bai tsaya takara a Zaben 1973 ba. Galu ya mutu a watan Oktoba 1975 yana da shekaru 73. Matarsa da 'ya'yansu mata huɗu ne suka mutu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] sd6xgcktxlbgtm50v9k2c64bhh4yxo4 887646 887645 2026-07-26T12:51:10Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 887646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faalavaau Galu''' (12 ga Satumba 1902 - 29 ga Oktoba 1975) ya kasance shugaban [[Samoa|Yammacin Samoa]] kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar dokoki daga 1957 har zuwa 1973, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin, Rediyo da watsa shirye-shirye tsakanin 1957 da 1970. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a shekara ta 1902, an ba Galu taken Faalavaau a shekara ta 1923. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya kasance fitaccen ɗan wasan crick da rugby. Ya shiga ƙungiyar Mau mai adawa da mulkin mallaka, ya zama sakatarenta. <ref name=PIM>[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-334794449/view?partId=nla.obj-334851415#page/n82/mode/1up Mr Faalavaau Galu] ''Pacific Islands Monthly'', December 1975, p81</ref>Wani memba na Fono na Faipule, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kujerar jiki. A shekara ta 1939 an nada shi a Majalisar Dokoki, ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1946. <ref name="PIM" /> Bayan ya bar Majalisar, ya yi aiki ga Kamfanin Union da I.H. Carruthers . <ref name="PIM" /> <ref>[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-320274035/view?sectionId=nla.obj-364341821&partId=nla.obj-320442152#page/n21/mode/1up Important New Post in W. Samoa] ''Pacific Islands Monthly'', March 1958</ref> A shekara ta 1956 an same shi da laifin rashin lissafin kaya ga ma'aikacinsa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin watanni shida a kurkuku. Koyaya, bayan an biya kuɗin, an maye gurbin hukuncinsa da tarar £ 15.<ref name="PIM2" /> Galu ya koma siyasa a shekara ta 1957, lokacin da aka zabe shi a Majalisar dokoki da aka sake kafawa. Bayan zaben, an nada shi Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin da Rediyo, tare da watsa shirye-shirye da aka kara a cikin fayil dinsa a shekarar 1958.<ref name=PIM/><ref name=PIM2>[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-320846764/view?sectionId=nla.obj-340480063&partId=nla.obj-320959494#page/n143/mode/1up Well-Known Samoan Before Court] November 1956, p142</ref> A shekara ta 1960 ya shiga Majalisar Tsarin Mulki kuma yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan sabon kundin tsarin mulki. An sake zabarsa a 1961, 1964 da 1967, yana riƙe da fayil din ministocinsa a karkashin Firayim Minista Fiame Mata'afa bayan kowane zabe. Kodayake an sake zabarsa a shekarar 1970, Mata'afa ya rasa zaben Firayim Minista kuma ba a nada Galu a matsayin mukamin a sabuwar majalisar ministoci ba. Bai tsaya takara a Zaben 1973 ba. Galu ya mutu a watan Oktoba 1975 yana da shekaru 73. Matarsa da 'ya'yansu mata huɗu ne suka mutu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] k9zzif8ytbg9tm60q3r0ugv04fzr2yg 887647 887646 2026-07-26T12:51:31Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 887647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Faalavaau Galu''' (12 ga Satumba 1902 - 29 ga Oktoba 1975) ya kasance shugaban [[Samoa|Yammacin Samoa]] kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar dokoki daga 1957 har zuwa 1973, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin, Rediyo da watsa shirye-shirye tsakanin 1957 da 1970. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a shekara ta 1902, an ba Galu taken Faalavaau a shekara ta 1923. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya kasance fitaccen ɗan wasan crick da rugby. Ya shiga ƙungiyar Mau mai adawa da mulkin mallaka, ya zama sakatarenta. <ref name=PIM>[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-334794449/view?partId=nla.obj-334851415#page/n82/mode/1up Mr Faalavaau Galu] ''Pacific Islands Monthly'', December 1975, p81</ref>Wani memba na Fono na Faipule, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kujerar jiki. A shekara ta 1939 an nada shi a Majalisar Dokoki, ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1946. <ref name="PIM" /> Bayan ya bar Majalisar, ya yi aiki ga Kamfanin Union da I.H. Carruthers . <ref name="PIM" /> <ref>[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-320274035/view?sectionId=nla.obj-364341821&partId=nla.obj-320442152#page/n21/mode/1up Important New Post in W. Samoa] ''Pacific Islands Monthly'', March 1958</ref> A shekara ta 1956 an same shi da laifin rashin lissafin kaya ga ma'aikacinsa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin watanni shida a kurkuku. Koyaya, bayan an biya kuɗin, an maye gurbin hukuncinsa da tarar £ 15.<ref name="PIM2" /> Galu ya koma siyasa a shekara ta 1957, lokacin da aka zabe shi a Majalisar dokoki da aka sake kafawa. Bayan zaben, an nada shi Ministan Ofishin Jakadancin da Rediyo, tare da watsa shirye-shirye da aka kara a cikin fayil dinsa a shekarar 1958.<ref name=PIM/><ref name=PIM2>[https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-320846764/view?sectionId=nla.obj-340480063&partId=nla.obj-320959494#page/n143/mode/1up Well-Known Samoan Before Court] November 1956, p142</ref> A shekara ta 1960 ya shiga Majalisar Tsarin Mulki kuma yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka sanya hannu kan sabon kundin tsarin mulki. An sake zabarsa a 1961, 1964 da 1967, yana riƙe da fayil din ministocinsa a karkashin Firayim Minista Fiame Mata'afa bayan kowane zabe. Kodayake an sake zabarsa a shekarar 1970, Mata'afa ya rasa zaben Firayim Minista kuma ba a nada Galu a matsayin mukamin a sabuwar majalisar ministoci ba. Bai tsaya takara a Zaben 1973 ba. Galu ya mutu a watan Oktoba 1975 yana da shekaru 73. Matarsa da 'ya'yansu mata huɗu ne suka mutu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] 8a3jxmr5hdk3cyy5nbz4yeffgjuwpgk 0 162296 887650 2026-07-26T13:14:55Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363817718|Petar Borota]]" 887650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petar Borota''' ( Serbian Cyrillic ,{{IPA|sh|pětar bôrota, - bǒ-|pron}} ; 5 Maris 1952 - 12 Fabrairu 2010) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Serbia wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]], musamman ga ƙungiyoyin Serbia OFK Beograd da Partizan da kuma ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila. Baya ga iyawar mai tsaron gida mai kyau, ana kuma tunawa da Borota saboda salon wasansa na musamman a raga wanda a wasu lokutan yakan sa ya zura kwallaye masu ban mamaki. == Aikin kulob == Borota ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru tare da OFK Beograd a shekarar 1969, inda ya buga wasanni 8 a gasar ƙungiyar a ƙarshen kakar wasa . A cikin shekaru masu zuwa ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai tsaron gida mai ƙwarewa, wanda ya sami matsayi a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Yugoslavia kuma ya jawo hankalin manyan ƙungiyoyi. === Partizan === Daga ƙarshe a shekarar 1975, ya amince da yarjejeniyar da FK Partizan a duk faɗin garin, inda ya bar OFK bayan shekaru shida. Duk da haka, kafin ya shiga ƙungiyar ''Crno-beli,'' ya je ya yi aikin soja wanda ya hana shi buga wasa a duk kakar wasa ta 1975-76 . ==== kakar 1976–77 ==== A ƙarshe Borota ta shiga ƙungiyar Partizan mai rike da kambun gasar a ƙarshen shekarar 1976, inda kakar wasa ta riga ta fara. Dan wasan mai shekaru 23 ya samu matsayi tsakanin sandunan kwallaye nan take, inda ya buga wasanni 27 a gasar har zuwa karshen kakar wasa a karkashin sabon kocin Biće Mladinić . ==== kakar 1977–78 ==== A kakar wasa ta 1977–78 mai zuwa, Borota ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar da aka kafa. Da yake babban koci Mladinić ne ke kan benci, Partizan ya lashe gasar cikin gida a matsayin wanda ya mamaye salon wasansa bayan fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙungiyar Moca Vukotić da sabon ɗan wasansa Slobodan Santrač (wanda ya isa lokacin canja wurin hunturu, kuma ya zira kwallaye 11 a wasanni 16 a lokacin rabin kakar wasa), amma kuma godiya ga Borota (ban da masu tsaron baya masu ƙarfi Nenad Stojković da Jusuf Hatunić da kuma 'yan wasan baya Nikica Klinčarski da Ivan Golac ) waɗanda suka zura kwallaye 19 kacal a wasanni 34 na gasar. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2010]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] 6ptm5btseefbjq3bmwnywxfe5gz0iww 887651 887650 2026-07-26T13:15:37Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363817718|Petar Borota]]" 887651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petar Borota''' ( Serbian Cyrillic ,{{IPA|sh|pětar bôrota, - bǒ-|pron}} ; 5 Maris 1952 - 12 Fabrairu 2010) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Serbia wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]], musamman ga ƙungiyoyin Serbia OFK Beograd da Partizan da kuma ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila. Baya ga iyawar mai tsaron gida mai kyau, ana kuma tunawa da Borota saboda salon wasansa na musamman a raga wanda a wasu lokutan yakan sa ya zura kwallaye masu ban mamaki. == Aikin kulob == Borota ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru tare da OFK Beograd a shekarar 1969, inda ya buga wasanni 8 a gasar ƙungiyar a ƙarshen kakar wasa . A cikin shekaru masu zuwa ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai tsaron gida mai ƙwarewa, wanda ya sami matsayi a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Yugoslavia kuma ya jawo hankalin manyan ƙungiyoyi. === Partizan === Daga ƙarshe a shekarar 1975, ya amince da yarjejeniyar da FK Partizan a duk faɗin garin, inda ya bar OFK bayan shekaru shida. Duk da haka, kafin ya shiga ƙungiyar ''Crno-beli,'' ya je ya yi aikin soja wanda ya hana shi buga wasa a duk kakar wasa ta 1975-76 . ==== kakar 1976–77 ==== A ƙarshe Borota ta shiga ƙungiyar Partizan mai rike da kambun gasar a ƙarshen shekarar 1976, inda kakar wasa ta riga ta fara. Dan wasan mai shekaru 23 ya samu matsayi tsakanin sandunan kwallaye nan take, inda ya buga wasanni 27 a gasar har zuwa karshen kakar wasa a karkashin sabon kocin Biće Mladinić . ==== kakar 1977–78 ==== A kakar wasa ta 1977–78 mai zuwa, Borota ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar da aka kafa. Da yake babban koci Mladinić ne ke kan benci, Partizan ya lashe gasar cikin gida a matsayin wanda ya mamaye salon wasansa bayan fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙungiyar Moca Vukotić da sabon ɗan wasansa Slobodan Santrač (wanda ya isa lokacin canja wurin hunturu, kuma ya zira kwallaye 11 a wasanni 16 a lokacin rabin kakar wasa), amma kuma godiya ga Borota (ban da masu tsaron baya masu ƙarfi Nenad Stojković da Jusuf Hatunić da kuma 'yan wasan baya Nikica Klinčarski da Ivan Golac ) waɗanda suka zura kwallaye 19 kacal a wasanni 34 na gasar. ==== kakar 1978–79 ==== A kakar wasa ta 1978-79, Partizan ta kare kambun gida, baya ga fafatawa a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai . Wasan zagaye na farko da Dynamo Dresden, zakaran Jamus ta Gabas, ya kasance tare da wani kuskuren Borota mai ban mamaki wanda aka riga aka san shi da shi. Wasan dawowa a ranar 27 ga Satumba 1978 ya sa Partizan ta isa [[Dresden]] da nasara mai kyau da kwallaye biyu daga wasan farko da aka buga a [[Belgrade]] (2-0). Duk da haka, a minti na 8 na wasan zagaye na biyu, bayan da ya manta cewa ba a dakatar da wasan ba bayan ya yi tsegumi tun lokacin da aka kira bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida ko kuma bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, Borota ya sanya kwallon a layin mita 5 sannan ya yi nisa don yin gudu da kuma buga ta cikin wasa. Ya yi nisa sosai da ƙwallon har ta kai ga ɗan wasan gaba na Dynamo Hans-Jürgen Dörner ya sami isasshen lokaci don shiga ya jefa ta cikin ragar da ba a tsare ba. Kwallon da ba a saba gani ba ta tsaya cak, kuma a ƙarshe Dynamo ta sami nasarar zura kwallo ta biyu don samun maki 0-2 a wasan ƙarshe, don haka ta kai wasan zuwa ƙarin lokaci. Dynamo ta yi nasara da ci 4-5 a bugun fenariti, wanda hakan ya sa ta kawar da Partizan yayin da Borota ta fuskanci suka daga magoya bayan Partizan. Zakarun gasar da ke kare kambun sun kasance cikin koma-baya a gasar, yayin da rashin nasara da ba a zata ba ya sanya su cikin jerin 'yan wasan da ke ƙasa a teburin gasar. Bayan 'yan watanni kaɗan, Borota ta sake maimaita kuskuren Dresden, a wannan karon a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1978 a lokacin gasar Eternal Derby ta 63 a gasar zakarun Turai da ta haɗa da abokan hamayyarta [[Red Star Belgrade]] . Yana wasa a filin wasa na JNA mai cike da dusar ƙanƙara a gaban magoya baya 15,000 kacal, mai tsaron raga ya sake tattara ƙwallon daga ƙwallon da aka yi masa a gaban 'yan wasan gaba yayin da yake karo da ɗaya daga cikinsu, kuma ya sake yin kuskuren ɗauka cewa an dakatar da wasan, don haka ya sanya ƙwallon a ƙasa ba tare da an tsare ta ba. Alkalin wasa Desimir Pavićević daga Kragujevac bai yi laifi ba tunda Borota ta riƙe ƙwallon da ƙarfi a lokacin fafatawar sama, don haka lokacin da Borota ta jefa ta, ɗan wasan gaba na Red Star Miloš Šestić ya yi amfani da damarsa ya jefa ta cikin raga babu komai don zura kwallon farko a wasan. <ref>{{YouTube|dNVDeXCCxJU|Partizan-Red Star 1:3}};Yugoslav First League, December 1978</ref> Daga ƙarshe Red Star ta yi nasara 1-3. Tatsuniyoyi daban-daban na birni sun dage kan wannan lamari: tun daga wanda Šestić ya yaudari Borota da gangan ta hanyar gaya masa, yayin da mai tsaron gidan yake ƙasa da ƙwallon a hannunsa, cewa alkalin wasa ya yi kuskure <ref>{{Cite web |title="Nightmare" jedinica: Petar Borota &#124; B92 Blog |url=http://blog.b92.net/text/593/%E2%80%9CNightmare%E2%80%9D%20jedinica:%20Petar%20Borota/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petar Borota |url=http://www.leksikon-yu-mitologije.net/read.php?id=478 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217035402/http://www.leksikon-yu-mitologije.net/read.php?id=478 |archive-date=17 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2014 |publisher=Leksikon}}</ref> zuwa wanda Borota ya ruɗe da sautin busa da ya fito daga wani mai goyon bayan Red Star a cikin rumfunan. Saboda rawar da ya taka da kuma mummunan yanayin da ƙungiyar ta taka, Borota ta rasa amincewar kocin, inda ta buga wasanni 16 kacal tsakanin mukaman a wannan kakar. Babban kocin Mladinić ya yi murabus makonni biyu bayan wasan hamayya a ƙarshen Disamba a lokacin hutun hunturu yayin da Florijan Matekalo ya karɓi ragamar aiki daga watan Janairu. A watan Maris, kafin ƙarshen kakar wasa, yayin da ƙungiyar ke fama da barazanar faduwa daga gasar, an sayar da Borota (wanda ke gab da cika shekaru 27) ga Chelsea. === Chelsea === Borota ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiraginsa da Chelsea a watan Maris na 1979 kan kudin siyan 'yan wasa na £ 70,000, inda kulob din ke gab da faduwa daga gasar rukunin farko . Kocin da Danny Blanchflower ya kawo shi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin fitaccen mai tsaron gida Peter Bonetti, Borota ya fara buga wasa da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a ranar 4 ga Maris 1979 kuma ya yi rawar gani a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. <ref>{{YouTube|-OuG6zcTAuQ|Chelsea-Liverpool 0:0}};English First Division, 3 March 1979</ref> Duk da haka, wasanni biyar na gaba na gasar duk sun ƙare da rashin nasara, wanda ya ƙare da shan kashi 6-0 daga [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] yayin da Borota ta kasa hana faɗuwa zuwa Sashe na Biyu . Ya ci gaba da salon wasansa mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki - a wasu lokutan, yakan yi amfani da ƙwallo a filin wasa ya yi ƙoƙarin cin 'yan wasan da ke adawa da shi ko kuma ya jefa ƙwallon a kan sandar ƙwallon lokacin da yake bugun ƙwallo - wanda hakan ya sa magoya bayan Chelsea suka ƙaunace shi kuma ya taimaka masa ya zama gwarzon ƙungiyar. Yayin da kakar wasa ta 1979-80 ta fara a Second Division, kocin Blanchflower ya yi murabus a watan Satumba na 1979, kuma aka kawo fitaccen ɗan wasan Ingila Geoff Hurst a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa. Borota ta ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai horarwa a ƙarƙashin Hurst yayin da ƙungiyar ta kare a matsayi na huɗu a teburin, ba ta samu ci gaba ba saboda bambancin kwallaye. Kafin kakar wasa ta 1980-81, Hurst ya naɗa Borota a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. An zabi Borota a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Chelsea na shekara a shekarar 1981 bayan ya ci kwallaye 16 a wannan kakar; ya buga wasanni 114 a ƙungiyar. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2010]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] mvcxse5zh9n6qjem0wypwts9x3e23y8 887652 887651 2026-07-26T13:16:36Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363817718|Petar Borota]]" 887652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petar Borota''' ( Serbian Cyrillic ,{{IPA|sh|pětar bôrota, - bǒ-|pron}} ; 5 Maris 1952 - 12 Fabrairu 2010) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Serbia wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]], musamman ga ƙungiyoyin Serbia OFK Beograd da Partizan da kuma ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila. Baya ga iyawar mai tsaron gida mai kyau, ana kuma tunawa da Borota saboda salon wasansa na musamman a raga wanda a wasu lokutan yakan sa ya zura kwallaye masu ban mamaki. == Aikin kulob == Borota ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru tare da OFK Beograd a shekarar 1969, inda ya buga wasanni 8 a gasar ƙungiyar a ƙarshen kakar wasa . A cikin shekaru masu zuwa ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai tsaron gida mai ƙwarewa, wanda ya sami matsayi a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Yugoslavia kuma ya jawo hankalin manyan ƙungiyoyi. === Partizan === Daga ƙarshe a shekarar 1975, ya amince da yarjejeniyar da FK Partizan a duk faɗin garin, inda ya bar OFK bayan shekaru shida. Duk da haka, kafin ya shiga ƙungiyar ''Crno-beli,'' ya je ya yi aikin soja wanda ya hana shi buga wasa a duk kakar wasa ta 1975-76 . ==== kakar 1976–77 ==== A ƙarshe Borota ta shiga ƙungiyar Partizan mai rike da kambun gasar a ƙarshen shekarar 1976, inda kakar wasa ta riga ta fara. Dan wasan mai shekaru 23 ya samu matsayi tsakanin sandunan kwallaye nan take, inda ya buga wasanni 27 a gasar har zuwa karshen kakar wasa a karkashin sabon kocin Biće Mladinić . ==== kakar 1977–78 ==== A kakar wasa ta 1977–78 mai zuwa, Borota ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar da aka kafa. Da yake babban koci Mladinić ne ke kan benci, Partizan ya lashe gasar cikin gida a matsayin wanda ya mamaye salon wasansa bayan fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙungiyar Moca Vukotić da sabon ɗan wasansa Slobodan Santrač (wanda ya isa lokacin canja wurin hunturu, kuma ya zira kwallaye 11 a wasanni 16 a lokacin rabin kakar wasa), amma kuma godiya ga Borota (ban da masu tsaron baya masu ƙarfi Nenad Stojković da Jusuf Hatunić da kuma 'yan wasan baya Nikica Klinčarski da Ivan Golac ) waɗanda suka zura kwallaye 19 kacal a wasanni 34 na gasar. ==== kakar 1978–79 ==== A kakar wasa ta 1978-79, Partizan ta kare kambun gida, baya ga fafatawa a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai . Wasan zagaye na farko da Dynamo Dresden, zakaran Jamus ta Gabas, ya kasance tare da wani kuskuren Borota mai ban mamaki wanda aka riga aka san shi da shi. Wasan dawowa a ranar 27 ga Satumba 1978 ya sa Partizan ta isa [[Dresden]] da nasara mai kyau da kwallaye biyu daga wasan farko da aka buga a [[Belgrade]] (2-0). Duk da haka, a minti na 8 na wasan zagaye na biyu, bayan da ya manta cewa ba a dakatar da wasan ba bayan ya yi tsegumi tun lokacin da aka kira bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida ko kuma bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, Borota ya sanya kwallon a layin mita 5 sannan ya yi nisa don yin gudu da kuma buga ta cikin wasa. Ya yi nisa sosai da ƙwallon har ta kai ga ɗan wasan gaba na Dynamo Hans-Jürgen Dörner ya sami isasshen lokaci don shiga ya jefa ta cikin ragar da ba a tsare ba. Kwallon da ba a saba gani ba ta tsaya cak, kuma a ƙarshe Dynamo ta sami nasarar zura kwallo ta biyu don samun maki 0-2 a wasan ƙarshe, don haka ta kai wasan zuwa ƙarin lokaci. Dynamo ta yi nasara da ci 4-5 a bugun fenariti, wanda hakan ya sa ta kawar da Partizan yayin da Borota ta fuskanci suka daga magoya bayan Partizan. Zakarun gasar da ke kare kambun sun kasance cikin koma-baya a gasar, yayin da rashin nasara da ba a zata ba ya sanya su cikin jerin 'yan wasan da ke ƙasa a teburin gasar. Bayan 'yan watanni kaɗan, Borota ta sake maimaita kuskuren Dresden, a wannan karon a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1978 a lokacin gasar Eternal Derby ta 63 a gasar zakarun Turai da ta haɗa da abokan hamayyarta [[Red Star Belgrade]] . Yana wasa a filin wasa na JNA mai cike da dusar ƙanƙara a gaban magoya baya 15,000 kacal, mai tsaron raga ya sake tattara ƙwallon daga ƙwallon da aka yi masa a gaban 'yan wasan gaba yayin da yake karo da ɗaya daga cikinsu, kuma ya sake yin kuskuren ɗauka cewa an dakatar da wasan, don haka ya sanya ƙwallon a ƙasa ba tare da an tsare ta ba. Alkalin wasa Desimir Pavićević daga Kragujevac bai yi laifi ba tunda Borota ta riƙe ƙwallon da ƙarfi a lokacin fafatawar sama, don haka lokacin da Borota ta jefa ta, ɗan wasan gaba na Red Star Miloš Šestić ya yi amfani da damarsa ya jefa ta cikin raga babu komai don zura kwallon farko a wasan. <ref>{{YouTube|dNVDeXCCxJU|Partizan-Red Star 1:3}};Yugoslav First League, December 1978</ref> Daga ƙarshe Red Star ta yi nasara 1-3. Tatsuniyoyi daban-daban na birni sun dage kan wannan lamari: tun daga wanda Šestić ya yaudari Borota da gangan ta hanyar gaya masa, yayin da mai tsaron gidan yake ƙasa da ƙwallon a hannunsa, cewa alkalin wasa ya yi kuskure <ref>{{Cite web |title="Nightmare" jedinica: Petar Borota &#124; B92 Blog |url=http://blog.b92.net/text/593/%E2%80%9CNightmare%E2%80%9D%20jedinica:%20Petar%20Borota/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petar Borota |url=http://www.leksikon-yu-mitologije.net/read.php?id=478 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217035402/http://www.leksikon-yu-mitologije.net/read.php?id=478 |archive-date=17 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2014 |publisher=Leksikon}}</ref> zuwa wanda Borota ya ruɗe da sautin busa da ya fito daga wani mai goyon bayan Red Star a cikin rumfunan. Saboda rawar da ya taka da kuma mummunan yanayin da ƙungiyar ta taka, Borota ta rasa amincewar kocin, inda ta buga wasanni 16 kacal tsakanin mukaman a wannan kakar. Babban kocin Mladinić ya yi murabus makonni biyu bayan wasan hamayya a ƙarshen Disamba a lokacin hutun hunturu yayin da Florijan Matekalo ya karɓi ragamar aiki daga watan Janairu. A watan Maris, kafin ƙarshen kakar wasa, yayin da ƙungiyar ke fama da barazanar faduwa daga gasar, an sayar da Borota (wanda ke gab da cika shekaru 27) ga Chelsea. === Chelsea === Borota ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiraginsa da Chelsea a watan Maris na 1979 kan kudin siyan 'yan wasa na £ 70,000, inda kulob din ke gab da faduwa daga gasar rukunin farko . Kocin da Danny Blanchflower ya kawo shi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin fitaccen mai tsaron gida Peter Bonetti, Borota ya fara buga wasa da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a ranar 4 ga Maris 1979 kuma ya yi rawar gani a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. <ref>{{YouTube|-OuG6zcTAuQ|Chelsea-Liverpool 0:0}};English First Division, 3 March 1979</ref> Duk da haka, wasanni biyar na gaba na gasar duk sun ƙare da rashin nasara, wanda ya ƙare da shan kashi 6-0 daga [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] yayin da Borota ta kasa hana faɗuwa zuwa Sashe na Biyu . Ya ci gaba da salon wasansa mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki - a wasu lokutan, yakan yi amfani da ƙwallo a filin wasa ya yi ƙoƙarin cin 'yan wasan da ke adawa da shi ko kuma ya jefa ƙwallon a kan sandar ƙwallon lokacin da yake bugun ƙwallo - wanda hakan ya sa magoya bayan Chelsea suka ƙaunace shi kuma ya taimaka masa ya zama gwarzon ƙungiyar. Yayin da kakar wasa ta 1979-80 ta fara a Second Division, kocin Blanchflower ya yi murabus a watan Satumba na 1979, kuma aka kawo fitaccen ɗan wasan Ingila Geoff Hurst a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa. Borota ta ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai horarwa a ƙarƙashin Hurst yayin da ƙungiyar ta kare a matsayi na huɗu a teburin, ba ta samu ci gaba ba saboda bambancin kwallaye. Kafin kakar wasa ta 1980-81, Hurst ya naɗa Borota a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. An zabi Borota a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Chelsea na shekara a shekarar 1981 bayan ya ci kwallaye 16 a wannan kakar; ya buga wasanni 114 a ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, rashin da'awarsa ta rashin da'a a wasu lokutan kan haifar da koma baya ga ƙungiyar, wanda hakan bai sa manajojinsa su kaunace shi ba. Bayan rashin jituwa da John Neal, ya koma [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] a shekarar 1982 (tare da Chelsea har yanzu tana cikin rukuni na biyu) daga baya kuma ya koma ƙungiyoyin Boavista da FC Porto [[Portugal|na Portugal]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Borota (Petar Borota) |url=https://www.foradejogo.net/player.php?player=195303050001 |access-date=2009-08-28 |publisher=Fora de Jogo |language=pt}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni 114 a dukkan gasannin da ya buga wa Chelsea, kuma ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye 36 ba tare da an zura masa kwallo ba. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Yayin da ya fara taka rawar gani a FK Partizan a kakar wasa ta 1977-78, Borota ta fara samun sunayen ' yan wasan ƙasa . Golan Hajduk Split mai shekaru 26, Ivan Katalinić, shi ne golan farko da aka zaɓa a ƙungiyar a lokacin a ƙarƙashin kwamitin horarwa na 'yan wasa uku (wanda ya ƙunshi Marko Valok, Stevan Vilotić, da Gojko Zec ) da kuma a ƙarƙashin tsohon kocin Ivan Toplak, duk da haka, rashin nasarar da ƙungiyar ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1978 da rashin nasara sau biyu a farkon wasa wanda ya haifar da cire Toplak ya sa ake buƙatar duba wasu zaɓuɓɓuka a cikin raga. Kocin Valok, Vilotić da Zec sun samu nasara a wasan da suka buga da Borota mai shekaru 25 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Katalinić a zagaye na biyu a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1977 a wasan sada zumunci da suka buga da Hungary a waje. === Gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1978 === Wata guda bayan fara wasansa na farko, Borota ya samu damar shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar da Romania wadda ta zama dole ga Yugoslavia. Gasar ta rikide zuwa wani wasan cin kwallaye mai zafi da ban mamaki inda Borota ta amince da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida daga Iosif Vigu mintuna 4 kacal bayan an tashi daga wasan. ''Plavi'' ya mayar da martani ga ci zuwa 1-2 a minti na 18 bayan an ci kwallo daga Safet Sušić da kuma bugun mita 25 mai ban mamaki daga Dražen Mužinić, amma ƙarfin ya sake canzawa yayin da Anghel Iordănescu da László Bölöni suka sami nasarar doke Borota sau biyu a hutun rabin lokaci, inda Romania ta samu nasara da ci 3-2, sakamakon rashin kyawun ƙoƙarin kai hari da kuma rashin kyawun wasan da 'yan wasan baya na Yugoslavia suka yi. Tun farkon rabin lokaci na biyu matashi Sušić ya sake kama aiki: da farko da kyakkyawan motsi na mutum ɗaya da 'yan wasan baya da dama suka yi kafin ya ci kwallo bayan mintuna goma da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, wanda ya sa Yugoslavia ta ci 3-4. Duk da haka, 'yan Romania sun sake samun damar dawowa, duk da cewa Dudu Georgescu ya ci kwallo da kai da ci 4-4, amma Yugoslavs sun mayar da martani ta hanyar Aleksandar Trifunović da Zoran Filipović a ƙarshe don samun maki 4-6 na ƙarshe. Duk da cewa an samu nasara, an rage Borota zuwa benci yayin da Katalinić ya koma tsakanin mukamai don neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta gaba a gida da Spain wanda Yugoslavia ta ci da kwallaye 2 domin samun cancantar shiga gasar. Bayan rashin nasarar doke Spain da kuma cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya, an rushe kwamitin horarwa inda Vilotić ne kawai ya ci gaba da zama babban kocin a yanzu. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a wasanni biyu na sada zumunci kuma ya bai wa Borota damar buga wasa a wasan da za su yi da Italiya . === wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar Euro 1980 === A farkon wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar Euro 1980 a kaka ta 1978, FSJ ta dawo da Biće Mladinić, wanda a lokacin shi ma ya jagoranci FK Partizan, don zama kocin tawagar kasa na gaba. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2010]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9ghg4p52nc462774ic1hv5p8hqinzph 887655 887652 2026-07-26T13:18:52Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363817718|Petar Borota]]" 887655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}'''Petar Borota''' ( Serbian Cyrillic ,{{IPA|sh|pětar bôrota, - bǒ-|pron}} ; 5 Maris 1952 - 12 Fabrairu 2010) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Serbia wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]], musamman ga ƙungiyoyin Serbia OFK Beograd da Partizan da kuma ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila. Baya ga iyawar mai tsaron gida mai kyau, ana kuma tunawa da Borota saboda salon wasansa na musamman a raga wanda a wasu lokutan yakan sa ya zura kwallaye masu ban mamaki. == Aikin kulob == Borota ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru tare da OFK Beograd a shekarar 1969, inda ya buga wasanni 8 a gasar ƙungiyar a ƙarshen kakar wasa . A cikin shekaru masu zuwa ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai tsaron gida mai ƙwarewa, wanda ya sami matsayi a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Yugoslavia kuma ya jawo hankalin manyan ƙungiyoyi. === Partizan === Daga ƙarshe a shekarar 1975, ya amince da yarjejeniyar da FK Partizan a duk faɗin garin, inda ya bar OFK bayan shekaru shida. Duk da haka, kafin ya shiga ƙungiyar ''Crno-beli,'' ya je ya yi aikin soja wanda ya hana shi buga wasa a duk kakar wasa ta 1975-76 . ==== kakar 1976–77 ==== A ƙarshe Borota ta shiga ƙungiyar Partizan mai rike da kambun gasar a ƙarshen shekarar 1976, inda kakar wasa ta riga ta fara. Dan wasan mai shekaru 23 ya samu matsayi tsakanin sandunan kwallaye nan take, inda ya buga wasanni 27 a gasar har zuwa karshen kakar wasa a karkashin sabon kocin Biće Mladinić . ==== kakar 1977–78 ==== A kakar wasa ta 1977–78 mai zuwa, Borota ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar da aka kafa. Da yake babban koci Mladinić ne ke kan benci, Partizan ya lashe gasar cikin gida a matsayin wanda ya mamaye salon wasansa bayan fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙungiyar Moca Vukotić da sabon ɗan wasansa Slobodan Santrač (wanda ya isa lokacin canja wurin hunturu, kuma ya zira kwallaye 11 a wasanni 16 a lokacin rabin kakar wasa), amma kuma godiya ga Borota (ban da masu tsaron baya masu ƙarfi Nenad Stojković da Jusuf Hatunić da kuma 'yan wasan baya Nikica Klinčarski da Ivan Golac ) waɗanda suka zura kwallaye 19 kacal a wasanni 34 na gasar. ==== kakar 1978–79 ==== A kakar wasa ta 1978-79, Partizan ta kare kambun gida, baya ga fafatawa a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai . Wasan zagaye na farko da Dynamo Dresden, zakaran Jamus ta Gabas, ya kasance tare da wani kuskuren Borota mai ban mamaki wanda aka riga aka san shi da shi. Wasan dawowa a ranar 27 ga Satumba 1978 ya sa Partizan ta isa [[Dresden]] da nasara mai kyau da kwallaye biyu daga wasan farko da aka buga a [[Belgrade]] (2-0). Duk da haka, a minti na 8 na wasan zagaye na biyu, bayan da ya manta cewa ba a dakatar da wasan ba bayan ya yi tsegumi tun lokacin da aka kira bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida ko kuma bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, Borota ya sanya kwallon a layin mita 5 sannan ya yi nisa don yin gudu da kuma buga ta cikin wasa. Ya yi nisa sosai da ƙwallon har ta kai ga ɗan wasan gaba na Dynamo Hans-Jürgen Dörner ya sami isasshen lokaci don shiga ya jefa ta cikin ragar da ba a tsare ba. Kwallon da ba a saba gani ba ta tsaya cak, kuma a ƙarshe Dynamo ta sami nasarar zura kwallo ta biyu don samun maki 0-2 a wasan ƙarshe, don haka ta kai wasan zuwa ƙarin lokaci. Dynamo ta yi nasara da ci 4-5 a bugun fenariti, wanda hakan ya sa ta kawar da Partizan yayin da Borota ta fuskanci suka daga magoya bayan Partizan. Zakarun gasar da ke kare kambun sun kasance cikin koma-baya a gasar, yayin da rashin nasara da ba a zata ba ya sanya su cikin jerin 'yan wasan da ke ƙasa a teburin gasar. Bayan 'yan watanni kaɗan, Borota ta sake maimaita kuskuren Dresden, a wannan karon a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1978 a lokacin gasar Eternal Derby ta 63 a gasar zakarun Turai da ta haɗa da abokan hamayyarta [[Red Star Belgrade]] . Yana wasa a filin wasa na JNA mai cike da dusar ƙanƙara a gaban magoya baya 15,000 kacal, mai tsaron raga ya sake tattara ƙwallon daga ƙwallon da aka yi masa a gaban 'yan wasan gaba yayin da yake karo da ɗaya daga cikinsu, kuma ya sake yin kuskuren ɗauka cewa an dakatar da wasan, don haka ya sanya ƙwallon a ƙasa ba tare da an tsare ta ba. Alkalin wasa Desimir Pavićević daga Kragujevac bai yi laifi ba tunda Borota ta riƙe ƙwallon da ƙarfi a lokacin fafatawar sama, don haka lokacin da Borota ta jefa ta, ɗan wasan gaba na Red Star Miloš Šestić ya yi amfani da damarsa ya jefa ta cikin raga babu komai don zura kwallon farko a wasan. <ref>{{YouTube|dNVDeXCCxJU|Partizan-Red Star 1:3}};Yugoslav First League, December 1978</ref> Daga ƙarshe Red Star ta yi nasara 1-3. Tatsuniyoyi daban-daban na birni sun dage kan wannan lamari: tun daga wanda Šestić ya yaudari Borota da gangan ta hanyar gaya masa, yayin da mai tsaron gidan yake ƙasa da ƙwallon a hannunsa, cewa alkalin wasa ya yi kuskure <ref>{{Cite web |title="Nightmare" jedinica: Petar Borota &#124; B92 Blog |url=http://blog.b92.net/text/593/%E2%80%9CNightmare%E2%80%9D%20jedinica:%20Petar%20Borota/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petar Borota |url=http://www.leksikon-yu-mitologije.net/read.php?id=478 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217035402/http://www.leksikon-yu-mitologije.net/read.php?id=478 |archive-date=17 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2014 |publisher=Leksikon}}</ref> zuwa wanda Borota ya ruɗe da sautin busa da ya fito daga wani mai goyon bayan Red Star a cikin rumfunan. Saboda rawar da ya taka da kuma mummunan yanayin da ƙungiyar ta taka, Borota ta rasa amincewar kocin, inda ta buga wasanni 16 kacal tsakanin mukaman a wannan kakar. Babban kocin Mladinić ya yi murabus makonni biyu bayan wasan hamayya a ƙarshen Disamba a lokacin hutun hunturu yayin da Florijan Matekalo ya karɓi ragamar aiki daga watan Janairu. A watan Maris, kafin ƙarshen kakar wasa, yayin da ƙungiyar ke fama da barazanar faduwa daga gasar, an sayar da Borota (wanda ke gab da cika shekaru 27) ga Chelsea. === Chelsea === Borota ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiraginsa da Chelsea a watan Maris na 1979 kan kudin siyan 'yan wasa na £ 70,000, inda kulob din ke gab da faduwa daga gasar rukunin farko . Kocin da Danny Blanchflower ya kawo shi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin fitaccen mai tsaron gida Peter Bonetti, Borota ya fara buga wasa da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a ranar 4 ga Maris 1979 kuma ya yi rawar gani a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. <ref>{{YouTube|-OuG6zcTAuQ|Chelsea-Liverpool 0:0}};English First Division, 3 March 1979</ref> Duk da haka, wasanni biyar na gaba na gasar duk sun ƙare da rashin nasara, wanda ya ƙare da shan kashi 6-0 daga [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] yayin da Borota ta kasa hana faɗuwa zuwa Sashe na Biyu . Ya ci gaba da salon wasansa mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki - a wasu lokutan, yakan yi amfani da ƙwallo a filin wasa ya yi ƙoƙarin cin 'yan wasan da ke adawa da shi ko kuma ya jefa ƙwallon a kan sandar ƙwallon lokacin da yake bugun ƙwallo - wanda hakan ya sa magoya bayan Chelsea suka ƙaunace shi kuma ya taimaka masa ya zama gwarzon ƙungiyar. Yayin da kakar wasa ta 1979-80 ta fara a Second Division, kocin Blanchflower ya yi murabus a watan Satumba na 1979, kuma aka kawo fitaccen ɗan wasan Ingila Geoff Hurst a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa. Borota ta ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai horarwa a ƙarƙashin Hurst yayin da ƙungiyar ta kare a matsayi na huɗu a teburin, ba ta samu ci gaba ba saboda bambancin kwallaye. Kafin kakar wasa ta 1980-81, Hurst ya naɗa Borota a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. An zabi Borota a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Chelsea na shekara a shekarar 1981 bayan ya ci kwallaye 16 a wannan kakar; ya buga wasanni 114 a ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, rashin da'awarsa ta rashin da'a a wasu lokutan kan haifar da koma baya ga ƙungiyar, wanda hakan bai sa manajojinsa su kaunace shi ba. Bayan rashin jituwa da John Neal, ya koma [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] a shekarar 1982 (tare da Chelsea har yanzu tana cikin rukuni na biyu) daga baya kuma ya koma ƙungiyoyin Boavista da FC Porto [[Portugal|na Portugal]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Borota (Petar Borota) |url=https://www.foradejogo.net/player.php?player=195303050001 |access-date=2009-08-28 |publisher=Fora de Jogo |language=pt}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni 114 a dukkan gasannin da ya buga wa Chelsea, kuma ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye 36 ba tare da an zura masa kwallo ba. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Yayin da ya fara taka rawar gani a FK Partizan a kakar wasa ta 1977-78, Borota ta fara samun sunayen ' yan wasan ƙasa . Golan Hajduk Split mai shekaru 26, Ivan Katalinić, shi ne golan farko da aka zaɓa a ƙungiyar a lokacin a ƙarƙashin kwamitin horarwa na 'yan wasa uku (wanda ya ƙunshi Marko Valok, Stevan Vilotić, da Gojko Zec ) da kuma a ƙarƙashin tsohon kocin Ivan Toplak, duk da haka, rashin nasarar da ƙungiyar ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1978 da rashin nasara sau biyu a farkon wasa wanda ya haifar da cire Toplak ya sa ake buƙatar duba wasu zaɓuɓɓuka a cikin raga. Kocin Valok, Vilotić da Zec sun samu nasara a wasan da suka buga da Borota mai shekaru 25 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Katalinić a zagaye na biyu a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1977 a wasan sada zumunci da suka buga da Hungary a waje. === Gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1978 === Wata guda bayan fara wasansa na farko, Borota ya samu damar shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar da Romania wadda ta zama dole ga Yugoslavia. Gasar ta rikide zuwa wani wasan cin kwallaye mai zafi da ban mamaki inda Borota ta amince da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida daga Iosif Vigu mintuna 4 kacal bayan an tashi daga wasan. ''Plavi'' ya mayar da martani ga ci zuwa 1-2 a minti na 18 bayan an ci kwallo daga Safet Sušić da kuma bugun mita 25 mai ban mamaki daga Dražen Mužinić, amma ƙarfin ya sake canzawa yayin da Anghel Iordănescu da László Bölöni suka sami nasarar doke Borota sau biyu a hutun rabin lokaci, inda Romania ta samu nasara da ci 3-2, sakamakon rashin kyawun ƙoƙarin kai hari da kuma rashin kyawun wasan da 'yan wasan baya na Yugoslavia suka yi. Tun farkon rabin lokaci na biyu matashi Sušić ya sake kama aiki: da farko da kyakkyawan motsi na mutum ɗaya da 'yan wasan baya da dama suka yi kafin ya ci kwallo bayan mintuna goma da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, wanda ya sa Yugoslavia ta ci 3-4. Duk da haka, 'yan Romania sun sake samun damar dawowa, duk da cewa Dudu Georgescu ya ci kwallo da kai da ci 4-4, amma Yugoslavs sun mayar da martani ta hanyar Aleksandar Trifunović da Zoran Filipović a ƙarshe don samun maki 4-6 na ƙarshe. Duk da cewa an samu nasara, an rage Borota zuwa benci yayin da Katalinić ya koma tsakanin mukamai don neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta gaba a gida da Spain wanda Yugoslavia ta ci da kwallaye 2 domin samun cancantar shiga gasar. Bayan rashin nasarar doke Spain da kuma cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya, an rushe kwamitin horarwa inda Vilotić ne kawai ya ci gaba da zama babban kocin a yanzu. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a wasanni biyu na sada zumunci kuma ya bai wa Borota damar buga wasa a wasan da za su yi da Italiya . === wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar Euro 1980 === A farkon wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar Euro 1980 a kaka ta 1978, FSJ ta dawo da Biće Mladinić, wanda a lokacin shi ma ya jagoranci FK Partizan, don zama kocin tawagar kasa na gaba. An fara kakar wasa a gida a fafatawar da tsoffin abokan hamayyar Spain da kuma Yugoslavia da suka sake shan kashi yayin da Borota ke kan benci. A wasan share fage na gaba da za su fafata da Romania a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1978, Mladinić ya bai wa Borota (mai tsaron ragarsa a Partizan) damar fara wasa. Yawan kwallayen da aka ci a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar da ya gabata a bara ya sake maimaitawa, amma a wannan karon Romania ta yi nasara da ci 3-2. Vladimir Petrović ya zura wa Yugoslavia kwallo a bugun fenariti na 0-1 a lokacin hutun rabin lokaci, amma 'yan Romania sun dawo a rabin lokaci na biyu da kwallaye uku da ba a amsa ba (da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron baya Sameș sannan kuma Iordănescu ya zura kwallo a bugun fenariti). Wannan shine karo na ƙarshe da Borota ta buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙasa. Ya kammala aikinsa na ƙasa da ƙasa da wasanni huɗu, jimilla biyu daga cikinsu fara wasa ne a wasannin gasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petar Borota, international football player |url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=2352 |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=EU-football.info}}</ref> == Sana'ar bayan wasa == Borota ya gwada aikinsa a matsayin koci, amma bai samu fiye da naɗin da aka yi masa a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ba a shekarun 1980. A farkon shekarun 1990 ya dawo Belgrade. Tun yana ƙara yawan lokacinsa ga zane-zanen da ba a iya gani ba (ya nuna aikinsa a Landan a shekarar 1981 yayin da yake ɗan wasa), Borota ya shirya wani baje koli a gidan tarihi na Srećna nova a SKC na Belgrade. A shekarar 1994, an tuhume shi da laifin satar zane-zane na Paja Jovanović, kuma ya shafe watanni shida a tsare a gidan yari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Fought the Law |url=https://www.goalkeepersaredifferent.com/keepers/fought-the-law.html |access-date=4 June 2016 |publisher=Goalkeepers Are Different}}</ref> Bayan an fitar da shi daga kurkuku, ta hanyar abotarsa da Vujadin Boškov da Siniša Mihajlović, Borota ya koma [[Genoa]] a [[Italiya]] inda ya sami abin rayuwa ta hanyar zane. Ya rasu a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 2010 a [[Genoa]], bayan doguwar rashin lafiya, yana da shekaru 57. An binne shi a sabon makabarta a Belgrade a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2010 tare da bikin da abokansa da abokan aiki suka halarta kamar Momčilo Vukotić, Slobodan Santrač, Vladimir Petrović Pižon, [[Djevad Prekazi|Dževad Prekazi]], da Milutin Šoškić da sauransu. == Nassoshi == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2010]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oviu9vntpk2zz6ztisk9r4l00l6hh5r 887657 887655 2026-07-26T13:19:43Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363817718|Petar Borota]]" 887657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}'''Petar Borota''' ( Serbian Cyrillic ,{{IPA|sh|pětar bôrota, - bǒ-|pron}} ; 5 Maris 1952 - 12 Fabrairu 2010) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Serbia wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]], musamman ga ƙungiyoyin Serbia OFK Beograd da Partizan da kuma ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila. Baya ga iyawar mai tsaron gida mai kyau, ana kuma tunawa da Borota saboda salon wasansa na musamman a raga wanda a wasu lokutan yakan sa ya zura kwallaye masu ban mamaki. == Aikin kulob == Borota ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru tare da OFK Beograd a shekarar 1969, inda ya buga wasanni 8 a gasar ƙungiyar a ƙarshen kakar wasa . A cikin shekaru masu zuwa ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai tsaron gida mai ƙwarewa, wanda ya sami matsayi a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Yugoslavia kuma ya jawo hankalin manyan ƙungiyoyi. === Partizan === Daga ƙarshe a shekarar 1975, ya amince da yarjejeniyar da FK Partizan a duk faɗin garin, inda ya bar OFK bayan shekaru shida. Duk da haka, kafin ya shiga ƙungiyar ''Crno-beli,'' ya je ya yi aikin soja wanda ya hana shi buga wasa a duk kakar wasa ta 1975-76 . ==== kakar 1976–77 ==== A ƙarshe Borota ta shiga ƙungiyar Partizan mai rike da kambun gasar a ƙarshen shekarar 1976, inda kakar wasa ta riga ta fara. Dan wasan mai shekaru 23 ya samu matsayi tsakanin sandunan kwallaye nan take, inda ya buga wasanni 27 a gasar har zuwa karshen kakar wasa a karkashin sabon kocin Biće Mladinić . ==== kakar 1977–78 ==== A kakar wasa ta 1977–78 mai zuwa, Borota ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar da aka kafa. Da yake babban koci Mladinić ne ke kan benci, Partizan ya lashe gasar cikin gida a matsayin wanda ya mamaye salon wasansa bayan fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙungiyar Moca Vukotić da sabon ɗan wasansa Slobodan Santrač (wanda ya isa lokacin canja wurin hunturu, kuma ya zira kwallaye 11 a wasanni 16 a lokacin rabin kakar wasa), amma kuma godiya ga Borota (ban da masu tsaron baya masu ƙarfi Nenad Stojković da Jusuf Hatunić da kuma 'yan wasan baya Nikica Klinčarski da Ivan Golac ) waɗanda suka zura kwallaye 19 kacal a wasanni 34 na gasar. ==== kakar 1978–79 ==== A kakar wasa ta 1978-79, Partizan ta kare kambun gida, baya ga fafatawa a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai . Wasan zagaye na farko da Dynamo Dresden, zakaran Jamus ta Gabas, ya kasance tare da wani kuskuren Borota mai ban mamaki wanda aka riga aka san shi da shi. Wasan dawowa a ranar 27 ga Satumba 1978 ya sa Partizan ta isa [[Dresden]] da nasara mai kyau da kwallaye biyu daga wasan farko da aka buga a [[Belgrade]] (2-0). Duk da haka, a minti na 8 na wasan zagaye na biyu, bayan da ya manta cewa ba a dakatar da wasan ba bayan ya yi tsegumi tun lokacin da aka kira bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida ko kuma bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, Borota ya sanya kwallon a layin mita 5 sannan ya yi nisa don yin gudu da kuma buga ta cikin wasa. Ya yi nisa sosai da ƙwallon har ta kai ga ɗan wasan gaba na Dynamo Hans-Jürgen Dörner ya sami isasshen lokaci don shiga ya jefa ta cikin ragar da ba a tsare ba. Kwallon da ba a saba gani ba ta tsaya cak, kuma a ƙarshe Dynamo ta sami nasarar zura kwallo ta biyu don samun maki 0-2 a wasan ƙarshe, don haka ta kai wasan zuwa ƙarin lokaci. Dynamo ta yi nasara da ci 4-5 a bugun fenariti, wanda hakan ya sa ta kawar da Partizan yayin da Borota ta fuskanci suka daga magoya bayan Partizan. Zakarun gasar da ke kare kambun sun kasance cikin koma-baya a gasar, yayin da rashin nasara da ba a zata ba ya sanya su cikin jerin 'yan wasan da ke ƙasa a teburin gasar. Bayan 'yan watanni kaɗan, Borota ta sake maimaita kuskuren Dresden, a wannan karon a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1978 a lokacin gasar Eternal Derby ta 63 a gasar zakarun Turai da ta haɗa da abokan hamayyarta [[Red Star Belgrade]] . Yana wasa a filin wasa na JNA mai cike da dusar ƙanƙara a gaban magoya baya 15,000 kacal, mai tsaron raga ya sake tattara ƙwallon daga ƙwallon da aka yi masa a gaban 'yan wasan gaba yayin da yake karo da ɗaya daga cikinsu, kuma ya sake yin kuskuren ɗauka cewa an dakatar da wasan, don haka ya sanya ƙwallon a ƙasa ba tare da an tsare ta ba. Alkalin wasa Desimir Pavićević daga Kragujevac bai yi laifi ba tunda Borota ta riƙe ƙwallon da ƙarfi a lokacin fafatawar sama, don haka lokacin da Borota ta jefa ta, ɗan wasan gaba na Red Star Miloš Šestić ya yi amfani da damarsa ya jefa ta cikin raga babu komai don zura kwallon farko a wasan. <ref>{{YouTube|dNVDeXCCxJU|Partizan-Red Star 1:3}};Yugoslav First League, December 1978</ref> Daga ƙarshe Red Star ta yi nasara 1-3. Tatsuniyoyi daban-daban na birni sun dage kan wannan lamari: tun daga wanda Šestić ya yaudari Borota da gangan ta hanyar gaya masa, yayin da mai tsaron gidan yake ƙasa da ƙwallon a hannunsa, cewa alkalin wasa ya yi kuskure <ref>{{Cite web |title="Nightmare" jedinica: Petar Borota &#124; B92 Blog |url=http://blog.b92.net/text/593/%E2%80%9CNightmare%E2%80%9D%20jedinica:%20Petar%20Borota/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petar Borota |url=http://www.leksikon-yu-mitologije.net/read.php?id=478 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217035402/http://www.leksikon-yu-mitologije.net/read.php?id=478 |archive-date=17 February 2010 |access-date=25 May 2014 |publisher=Leksikon}}</ref> zuwa wanda Borota ya ruɗe da sautin busa da ya fito daga wani mai goyon bayan Red Star a cikin rumfunan. Saboda rawar da ya taka da kuma mummunan yanayin da ƙungiyar ta taka, Borota ta rasa amincewar kocin, inda ta buga wasanni 16 kacal tsakanin mukaman a wannan kakar. Babban kocin Mladinić ya yi murabus makonni biyu bayan wasan hamayya a ƙarshen Disamba a lokacin hutun hunturu yayin da Florijan Matekalo ya karɓi ragamar aiki daga watan Janairu. A watan Maris, kafin ƙarshen kakar wasa, yayin da ƙungiyar ke fama da barazanar faduwa daga gasar, an sayar da Borota (wanda ke gab da cika shekaru 27) ga Chelsea. === Chelsea === Borota ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiraginsa da Chelsea a watan Maris na 1979 kan kudin siyan 'yan wasa na £ 70,000, inda kulob din ke gab da faduwa daga gasar rukunin farko . Kocin da Danny Blanchflower ya kawo shi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin fitaccen mai tsaron gida Peter Bonetti, Borota ya fara buga wasa da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a ranar 4 ga Maris 1979 kuma ya yi rawar gani a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. <ref>{{YouTube|-OuG6zcTAuQ|Chelsea-Liverpool 0:0}};English First Division, 3 March 1979</ref> Duk da haka, wasanni biyar na gaba na gasar duk sun ƙare da rashin nasara, wanda ya ƙare da shan kashi 6-0 daga [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] yayin da Borota ta kasa hana faɗuwa zuwa Sashe na Biyu . Ya ci gaba da salon wasansa mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki - a wasu lokutan, yakan yi amfani da ƙwallo a filin wasa ya yi ƙoƙarin cin 'yan wasan da ke adawa da shi ko kuma ya jefa ƙwallon a kan sandar ƙwallon lokacin da yake bugun ƙwallo - wanda hakan ya sa magoya bayan Chelsea suka ƙaunace shi kuma ya taimaka masa ya zama gwarzon ƙungiyar. Yayin da kakar wasa ta 1979-80 ta fara a Second Division, kocin Blanchflower ya yi murabus a watan Satumba na 1979, kuma aka kawo fitaccen ɗan wasan Ingila Geoff Hurst a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa. Borota ta ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin mai horarwa a ƙarƙashin Hurst yayin da ƙungiyar ta kare a matsayi na huɗu a teburin, ba ta samu ci gaba ba saboda bambancin kwallaye. Kafin kakar wasa ta 1980-81, Hurst ya naɗa Borota a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. An zabi Borota a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Chelsea na shekara a shekarar 1981 bayan ya ci kwallaye 16 a wannan kakar; ya buga wasanni 114 a ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, rashin da'awarsa ta rashin da'a a wasu lokutan kan haifar da koma baya ga ƙungiyar, wanda hakan bai sa manajojinsa su kaunace shi ba. Bayan rashin jituwa da John Neal, ya koma [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] a shekarar 1982 (tare da Chelsea har yanzu tana cikin rukuni na biyu) daga baya kuma ya koma ƙungiyoyin Boavista da FC Porto [[Portugal|na Portugal]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Borota (Petar Borota) |url=https://www.foradejogo.net/player.php?player=195303050001 |access-date=2009-08-28 |publisher=Fora de Jogo |language=pt}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni 114 a dukkan gasannin da ya buga wa Chelsea, kuma ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye 36 ba tare da an zura masa kwallo ba. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Yayin da ya fara taka rawar gani a FK Partizan a kakar wasa ta 1977-78, Borota ta fara samun sunayen ' yan wasan ƙasa . Golan Hajduk Split mai shekaru 26, Ivan Katalinić, shi ne golan farko da aka zaɓa a ƙungiyar a lokacin a ƙarƙashin kwamitin horarwa na 'yan wasa uku (wanda ya ƙunshi Marko Valok, Stevan Vilotić, da Gojko Zec ) da kuma a ƙarƙashin tsohon kocin Ivan Toplak, duk da haka, rashin nasarar da ƙungiyar ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1978 da rashin nasara sau biyu a farkon wasa wanda ya haifar da cire Toplak ya sa ake buƙatar duba wasu zaɓuɓɓuka a cikin raga. Kocin Valok, Vilotić da Zec sun samu nasara a wasan da suka buga da Borota mai shekaru 25 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Katalinić a zagaye na biyu a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1977 a wasan sada zumunci da suka buga da Hungary a waje. === Gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1978 === Wata guda bayan fara wasansa na farko, Borota ya samu damar shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar da Romania wadda ta zama dole ga Yugoslavia. Gasar ta rikide zuwa wani wasan cin kwallaye mai zafi da ban mamaki inda Borota ta amince da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida daga Iosif Vigu mintuna 4 kacal bayan an tashi daga wasan. ''Plavi'' ya mayar da martani ga ci zuwa 1-2 a minti na 18 bayan an ci kwallo daga Safet Sušić da kuma bugun mita 25 mai ban mamaki daga Dražen Mužinić, amma ƙarfin ya sake canzawa yayin da Anghel Iordănescu da László Bölöni suka sami nasarar doke Borota sau biyu a hutun rabin lokaci, inda Romania ta samu nasara da ci 3-2, sakamakon rashin kyawun ƙoƙarin kai hari da kuma rashin kyawun wasan da 'yan wasan baya na Yugoslavia suka yi. Tun farkon rabin lokaci na biyu matashi Sušić ya sake kama aiki: da farko da kyakkyawan motsi na mutum ɗaya da 'yan wasan baya da dama suka yi kafin ya ci kwallo bayan mintuna goma da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, wanda ya sa Yugoslavia ta ci 3-4. Duk da haka, 'yan Romania sun sake samun damar dawowa, duk da cewa Dudu Georgescu ya ci kwallo da kai da ci 4-4, amma Yugoslavs sun mayar da martani ta hanyar Aleksandar Trifunović da Zoran Filipović a ƙarshe don samun maki 4-6 na ƙarshe. Duk da cewa an samu nasara, an rage Borota zuwa benci yayin da Katalinić ya koma tsakanin mukamai don neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta gaba a gida da Spain wanda Yugoslavia ta ci da kwallaye 2 domin samun cancantar shiga gasar. Bayan rashin nasarar doke Spain da kuma cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya, an rushe kwamitin horarwa inda Vilotić ne kawai ya ci gaba da zama babban kocin a yanzu. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a wasanni biyu na sada zumunci kuma ya bai wa Borota damar buga wasa a wasan da za su yi da Italiya . === wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar Euro 1980 === A farkon wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar Euro 1980 a kaka ta 1978, FSJ ta dawo da Biće Mladinić, wanda a lokacin shi ma ya jagoranci FK Partizan, don zama kocin tawagar kasa na gaba. An fara kakar wasa a gida a fafatawar da tsoffin abokan hamayyar Spain da kuma Yugoslavia da suka sake shan kashi yayin da Borota ke kan benci. A wasan share fage na gaba da za su fafata da Romania a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1978, Mladinić ya bai wa Borota (mai tsaron ragarsa a Partizan) damar fara wasa. Yawan kwallayen da aka ci a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar da ya gabata a bara ya sake maimaitawa, amma a wannan karon Romania ta yi nasara da ci 3-2. Vladimir Petrović ya zura wa Yugoslavia kwallo a bugun fenariti na 0-1 a lokacin hutun rabin lokaci, amma 'yan Romania sun dawo a rabin lokaci na biyu da kwallaye uku da ba a amsa ba (da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron baya Sameș sannan kuma Iordănescu ya zura kwallo a bugun fenariti). Wannan shine karo na ƙarshe da Borota ta buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙasa. Ya kammala aikinsa na ƙasa da ƙasa da wasanni huɗu, jimilla biyu daga cikinsu fara wasa ne a wasannin gasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petar Borota, international football player |url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=2352 |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=EU-football.info}}</ref> == Sana'ar bayan wasa == Borota ya gwada aikinsa a matsayin koci, amma bai samu fiye da naɗin da aka yi masa a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ba a shekarun 1980. A farkon shekarun 1990 ya dawo Belgrade. Tun yana ƙara yawan lokacinsa ga zane-zanen da ba a iya gani ba (ya nuna aikinsa a Landan a shekarar 1981 yayin da yake ɗan wasa), Borota ya shirya wani baje koli a gidan tarihi na Srećna nova a SKC na Belgrade. A shekarar 1994, an tuhume shi da laifin satar zane-zane na Paja Jovanović, kuma ya shafe watanni shida a tsare a gidan yari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Fought the Law |url=https://www.goalkeepersaredifferent.com/keepers/fought-the-law.html |access-date=4 June 2016 |publisher=Goalkeepers Are Different}}</ref> Bayan an fitar da shi daga kurkuku, ta hanyar abotarsa da Vujadin Boškov da Siniša Mihajlović, Borota ya koma [[Genoa]] a [[Italiya]] inda ya sami abin rayuwa ta hanyar zane. Ya rasu a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 2010 a [[Genoa]], bayan doguwar rashin lafiya, yana da shekaru 57. An binne shi a sabon makabarta a Belgrade a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2010 tare da bikin da abokansa da abokan aiki suka halarta kamar Momčilo Vukotić, Slobodan Santrač, Vladimir Petrović Pižon, [[Djevad Prekazi|Dževad Prekazi]], da Milutin Šoškić da sauransu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2010]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] a3aw3ysxae5z65bkqgnmypuc2r3v3xp 0 162297 887653 2026-07-26T13:17:34Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364747949|2026 Ekiti State gubernatorial election]]" 887653 wikitext text/x-wiki   Muh I want to see you in the morning and I will be there in a few minutes to get back to you to see if I can get a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan An gudanar da zaben gwamna na Jihar Ekiti a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2026, don zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]]. Gwamnan [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na yanzu, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], yana cikin wa'adinsa na farko kuma zai yi takara da wasu 'yan takara don neman sake zaben na biyu. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. <ref name="Dates" /> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]] ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. == Zaben fidda gwani == An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. A cewar wasu 'yan takara da shugabannin al'umma a karkashin kungiyar Ekiti South Agenda Forum, yarjejeniyar yanki ta al'ada ta sanya Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Ekiti ta sami gwamna na gaba tun bayan dawowar dimokuradiyya ta 1999, duk gwamnonin Ekiti sun fito ne daga ko dai Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta Ekiti ko Ekiti ta Arewa. Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga waɗanda ba na Kudu ba. === APC === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, jam'iyyar APC ta ayyana gwamnan da ke kan mulki, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar da kuma dan takararsa na zaben jihar. ==== An bayyana shi ==== * [[Richard Bamisile]], [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Emure / Gbonyin / Ekiti Gabas kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2022 * Biodun Oyebanji, Gwamna na yanzu ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Babafemi Ojudu]], tsohon Sanata na tsakiya na Ekiti kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan batutuwan siyasa * Olawale Fapohunda, Babban Lauyan Ekiti da Kwamishinan Shari'a * Biodun Omoleye, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Abiodun Oyebanji, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Makinde Araoye, Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan Batutuwan Tarayya da Gwamnati ga Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /> * Bamidele Faparusi, Kwamishinan Infrastructure da Public Utilities da kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Muyiwa Olumilua, Kwamishinan Zuba Jari, Ciniki da Masana'antu * Diran Adesua, Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane * Adeyemi Adaramodu, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / Ise / Orun <ref name="Clamours" /> * Mojisola Yaya-Kolade, Kwamishinan Lafiya * [[Bolaji Aluko]], tsohon Jami'ar Tarayya, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Otuoke, Mai Gudanar da Rundunar Ayyukan COVID-19 ta Jihar Ekiti, da Darakta Janar na Ofishin Canji da Bayar da Sabis <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Funminiyi Afuye, Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti <ref name="Clamours" /> * [[Adebayo Clement Adeyeye]], tsohon Sanata na Ekiti ta Kudu, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Ayyuka <ref name="Clamours" /> * Paul Omotoso, Shugaban Mai Kula da Ekiti APC <ref name="Clamours" /> * Kayode Ojo, ɗan kasuwa kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Otunba Ademola Popoola, mai ba da shawara kan jirgin sama === PDP === ==== Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya ==== * Kayode Adaramodu, tsohon Mataimakin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Amincewa * Adewumi Adesoye * Adekemi Adewumi, 2019 PDP House of Representatives dan takarar kuma gwauruwar Shugaban Air Staff [[Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa]] ==== An bayyana shi ==== * Sikiru Tae-Lawal, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Dare Bejide]], tsohon Jakadan Kanada, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma dan takarar gwamnan PPN na 2018 * Segun Adekola, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / l * Ise / Orun <ref name="PDP ticket" /> == Manazarta == Z#.>] # M?29.2?{{Reflist}}zw 8zedhy8uuq5mr9aazq0ka2qtvvd0acs 887654 887653 2026-07-26T13:18:29Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 887654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da zaben gwamna na Jihar Ekiti a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2026, don zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]]. Gwamnan [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na yanzu, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], yana cikin wa'adinsa na farko kuma zai yi takara da wasu 'yan takara don neman sake zaben na biyu. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. <ref name="Dates" /> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]] ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. == Zaben fidda gwani == An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. A cewar wasu 'yan takara da shugabannin al'umma a karkashin kungiyar Ekiti South Agenda Forum, yarjejeniyar yanki ta al'ada ta sanya Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Ekiti ta sami gwamna na gaba tun bayan dawowar dimokuradiyya ta 1999, duk gwamnonin Ekiti sun fito ne daga ko dai Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta Ekiti ko Ekiti ta Arewa. Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga waɗanda ba na Kudu ba. === APC === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, jam'iyyar APC ta ayyana gwamnan da ke kan mulki, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar da kuma dan takararsa na zaben jihar. ==== An bayyana shi ==== * [[Richard Bamisile]], [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Emure / Gbonyin / Ekiti Gabas kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2022 * Biodun Oyebanji, Gwamna na yanzu ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Babafemi Ojudu]], tsohon Sanata na tsakiya na Ekiti kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan batutuwan siyasa * Olawale Fapohunda, Babban Lauyan Ekiti da Kwamishinan Shari'a * Biodun Omoleye, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Abiodun Oyebanji, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Makinde Araoye, Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan Batutuwan Tarayya da Gwamnati ga Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /> * Bamidele Faparusi, Kwamishinan Infrastructure da Public Utilities da kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Muyiwa Olumilua, Kwamishinan Zuba Jari, Ciniki da Masana'antu * Diran Adesua, Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane * Adeyemi Adaramodu, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / Ise / Orun <ref name="Clamours" /> * Mojisola Yaya-Kolade, Kwamishinan Lafiya * [[Bolaji Aluko]], tsohon Jami'ar Tarayya, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Otuoke, Mai Gudanar da Rundunar Ayyukan COVID-19 ta Jihar Ekiti, da Darakta Janar na Ofishin Canji da Bayar da Sabis <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Funminiyi Afuye, Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti <ref name="Clamours" /> * [[Adebayo Clement Adeyeye]], tsohon Sanata na Ekiti ta Kudu, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Ayyuka <ref name="Clamours" /> * Paul Omotoso, Shugaban Mai Kula da Ekiti APC <ref name="Clamours" /> * Kayode Ojo, ɗan kasuwa kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Otunba Ademola Popoola, mai ba da shawara kan jirgin sama === PDP === ==== Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya ==== * Kayode Adaramodu, tsohon Mataimakin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Amincewa * Adewumi Adesoye * Adekemi Adewumi, 2019 PDP House of Representatives dan takarar kuma gwauruwar Shugaban Air Staff [[Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa]] ==== An bayyana shi ==== * Sikiru Tae-Lawal, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Dare Bejide]], tsohon Jakadan Kanada, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma dan takarar gwamnan PPN na 2018 * Segun Adekola, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / l * Ise / Orun <ref name="PDP ticket" /> == Manazarta == Z#.>] # M?29.2?{{Reflist}}zw hvkcrkpjf48j5tkzfb5490fvdozrm5s 887656 887654 2026-07-26T13:18:58Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Manazarta */ 887656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da zaben gwamna na Jihar Ekiti a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2026, don zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]]. Gwamnan [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na yanzu, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], yana cikin wa'adinsa na farko kuma zai yi takara da wasu 'yan takara don neman sake zaben na biyu. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. <ref name="Dates" /> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]] ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. == Zaben fidda gwani == An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. A cewar wasu 'yan takara da shugabannin al'umma a karkashin kungiyar Ekiti South Agenda Forum, yarjejeniyar yanki ta al'ada ta sanya Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Ekiti ta sami gwamna na gaba tun bayan dawowar dimokuradiyya ta 1999, duk gwamnonin Ekiti sun fito ne daga ko dai Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta Ekiti ko Ekiti ta Arewa. Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga waɗanda ba na Kudu ba. === APC === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, jam'iyyar APC ta ayyana gwamnan da ke kan mulki, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar da kuma dan takararsa na zaben jihar. ==== An bayyana shi ==== * [[Richard Bamisile]], [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Emure / Gbonyin / Ekiti Gabas kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2022 * Biodun Oyebanji, Gwamna na yanzu ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Babafemi Ojudu]], tsohon Sanata na tsakiya na Ekiti kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan batutuwan siyasa * Olawale Fapohunda, Babban Lauyan Ekiti da Kwamishinan Shari'a * Biodun Omoleye, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Abiodun Oyebanji, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Makinde Araoye, Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan Batutuwan Tarayya da Gwamnati ga Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /> * Bamidele Faparusi, Kwamishinan Infrastructure da Public Utilities da kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Muyiwa Olumilua, Kwamishinan Zuba Jari, Ciniki da Masana'antu * Diran Adesua, Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane * Adeyemi Adaramodu, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / Ise / Orun <ref name="Clamours" /> * Mojisola Yaya-Kolade, Kwamishinan Lafiya * [[Bolaji Aluko]], tsohon Jami'ar Tarayya, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Otuoke, Mai Gudanar da Rundunar Ayyukan COVID-19 ta Jihar Ekiti, da Darakta Janar na Ofishin Canji da Bayar da Sabis <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Funminiyi Afuye, Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti <ref name="Clamours" /> * [[Adebayo Clement Adeyeye]], tsohon Sanata na Ekiti ta Kudu, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Ayyuka <ref name="Clamours" /> * Paul Omotoso, Shugaban Mai Kula da Ekiti APC <ref name="Clamours" /> * Kayode Ojo, ɗan kasuwa kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Otunba Ademola Popoola, mai ba da shawara kan jirgin sama === PDP === ==== Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya ==== * Kayode Adaramodu, tsohon Mataimakin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Amincewa * Adewumi Adesoye * Adekemi Adewumi, 2019 PDP House of Representatives dan takarar kuma gwauruwar Shugaban Air Staff [[Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa]] ==== An bayyana shi ==== * Sikiru Tae-Lawal, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Dare Bejide]], tsohon Jakadan Kanada, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma dan takarar gwamnan PPN na 2018 * Segun Adekola, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / l * Ise / Orun <ref name="PDP ticket" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 8meg7uq1nuokqtuux5as89wsx14ohkq 887658 887656 2026-07-26T13:20:27Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 887658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da zaben gwamna na Jihar Ekiti a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2026,<ref name="Dates">{{Cite news |title=Ekiti State Timetable & Schedule of Activities for the 2026 Governorship Election. |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/ekiti-state-timtable-schedule-of-activities-for-the-2026-governorship-election/ |newspaper=[[INEC Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> don zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]]. Gwamnan [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na yanzu, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], yana cikin wa'adinsa na farko kuma zai yi takara da wasu 'yan takara don neman sake zaben na biyu. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. <ref name="Dates" /> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]] ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. == Zaben fidda gwani == An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. A cewar wasu 'yan takara da shugabannin al'umma a karkashin kungiyar Ekiti South Agenda Forum, yarjejeniyar yanki ta al'ada ta sanya Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Ekiti ta sami gwamna na gaba tun bayan dawowar dimokuradiyya ta 1999, duk gwamnonin Ekiti sun fito ne daga ko dai Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta Ekiti ko Ekiti ta Arewa. Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga waɗanda ba na Kudu ba. === APC === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, jam'iyyar APC ta ayyana gwamnan da ke kan mulki, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar da kuma dan takararsa na zaben jihar. ==== An bayyana shi ==== * [[Richard Bamisile]], [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Emure / Gbonyin / Ekiti Gabas kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2022 * Biodun Oyebanji, Gwamna na yanzu ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Babafemi Ojudu]], tsohon Sanata na tsakiya na Ekiti kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan batutuwan siyasa * Olawale Fapohunda, Babban Lauyan Ekiti da Kwamishinan Shari'a * Biodun Omoleye, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Abiodun Oyebanji, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Makinde Araoye, Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan Batutuwan Tarayya da Gwamnati ga Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /> * Bamidele Faparusi, Kwamishinan Infrastructure da Public Utilities da kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Muyiwa Olumilua, Kwamishinan Zuba Jari, Ciniki da Masana'antu * Diran Adesua, Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane * Adeyemi Adaramodu, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / Ise / Orun <ref name="Clamours" /> * Mojisola Yaya-Kolade, Kwamishinan Lafiya * [[Bolaji Aluko]], tsohon Jami'ar Tarayya, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Otuoke, Mai Gudanar da Rundunar Ayyukan COVID-19 ta Jihar Ekiti, da Darakta Janar na Ofishin Canji da Bayar da Sabis <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Funminiyi Afuye, Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti <ref name="Clamours" /> * [[Adebayo Clement Adeyeye]], tsohon Sanata na Ekiti ta Kudu, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Ayyuka <ref name="Clamours" /> * Paul Omotoso, Shugaban Mai Kula da Ekiti APC <ref name="Clamours" /> * Kayode Ojo, ɗan kasuwa kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Otunba Ademola Popoola, mai ba da shawara kan jirgin sama === PDP === ==== Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya ==== * Kayode Adaramodu, tsohon Mataimakin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Amincewa * Adewumi Adesoye * Adekemi Adewumi, 2019 PDP House of Representatives dan takarar kuma gwauruwar Shugaban Air Staff [[Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa]] ==== An bayyana shi ==== * Sikiru Tae-Lawal, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Dare Bejide]], tsohon Jakadan Kanada, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma dan takarar gwamnan PPN na 2018 * Segun Adekola, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / l * Ise / Orun <ref name="PDP ticket" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} d9et8gn4y2ypkllj6n1m4wnoabjb1ik 887662 887658 2026-07-26T13:22:00Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Zaben fidda gwani */ 887662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da zaben gwamna na Jihar Ekiti a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2026,<ref name="Dates">{{Cite news |title=Ekiti State Timetable & Schedule of Activities for the 2026 Governorship Election. |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/ekiti-state-timtable-schedule-of-activities-for-the-2026-governorship-election/ |newspaper=[[INEC Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> don zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]]. Gwamnan [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na yanzu, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], yana cikin wa'adinsa na farko kuma zai yi takara da wasu 'yan takara don neman sake zaben na biyu. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. <ref name="Dates" /> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]] ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. == Zaben fidda gwani == An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. A cewar wasu 'yan takara da shugabannin al'umma a karkashin kungiyar Ekiti South Agenda Forum, yarjejeniyar yanki ta al'ada ta sanya Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Ekiti ta sami gwamna na gaba tun bayan dawowar dimokuradiyya ta 1999, duk gwamnonin Ekiti sun fito ne daga ko dai Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta Ekiti ko Ekiti ta Arewa. Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga waɗanda ba na Kudu ba.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Afolabi |first1=Ayodele |title=Ekiti 2022: Ekiti South insists on producing next governor |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/ekiti-2022-ekiti-south-insists-on-producing-next-governor/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours">{{Cite news |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Rasaq |title=Ekiti poll: South District clamours for power shift |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ekiti-poll-south-district-clamours-for-power-shift/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> === APC === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, jam'iyyar APC ta ayyana gwamnan da ke kan mulki, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar da kuma dan takararsa na zaben jihar. ==== An bayyana shi ==== * [[Richard Bamisile]], [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Emure / Gbonyin / Ekiti Gabas kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2022 * Biodun Oyebanji, Gwamna na yanzu ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Babafemi Ojudu]], tsohon Sanata na tsakiya na Ekiti kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan batutuwan siyasa * Olawale Fapohunda, Babban Lauyan Ekiti da Kwamishinan Shari'a * Biodun Omoleye, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Abiodun Oyebanji, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Makinde Araoye, Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan Batutuwan Tarayya da Gwamnati ga Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /> * Bamidele Faparusi, Kwamishinan Infrastructure da Public Utilities da kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Muyiwa Olumilua, Kwamishinan Zuba Jari, Ciniki da Masana'antu * Diran Adesua, Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane * Adeyemi Adaramodu, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / Ise / Orun <ref name="Clamours" /> * Mojisola Yaya-Kolade, Kwamishinan Lafiya * [[Bolaji Aluko]], tsohon Jami'ar Tarayya, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Otuoke, Mai Gudanar da Rundunar Ayyukan COVID-19 ta Jihar Ekiti, da Darakta Janar na Ofishin Canji da Bayar da Sabis <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Funminiyi Afuye, Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti <ref name="Clamours" /> * [[Adebayo Clement Adeyeye]], tsohon Sanata na Ekiti ta Kudu, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Ayyuka <ref name="Clamours" /> * Paul Omotoso, Shugaban Mai Kula da Ekiti APC <ref name="Clamours" /> * Kayode Ojo, ɗan kasuwa kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Otunba Ademola Popoola, mai ba da shawara kan jirgin sama === PDP === ==== Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya ==== * Kayode Adaramodu, tsohon Mataimakin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Amincewa * Adewumi Adesoye * Adekemi Adewumi, 2019 PDP House of Representatives dan takarar kuma gwauruwar Shugaban Air Staff [[Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa]] ==== An bayyana shi ==== * Sikiru Tae-Lawal, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Dare Bejide]], tsohon Jakadan Kanada, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma dan takarar gwamnan PPN na 2018 * Segun Adekola, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / l * Ise / Orun <ref name="PDP ticket" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} i10p9miauhl6jm3lz32yyk0738w1acp 887663 887662 2026-07-26T13:22:53Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* APC */ 887663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da zaben gwamna na Jihar Ekiti a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2026,<ref name="Dates">{{Cite news |title=Ekiti State Timetable & Schedule of Activities for the 2026 Governorship Election. |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/ekiti-state-timtable-schedule-of-activities-for-the-2026-governorship-election/ |newspaper=[[INEC Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> don zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]]. Gwamnan [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na yanzu, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], yana cikin wa'adinsa na farko kuma zai yi takara da wasu 'yan takara don neman sake zaben na biyu. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. <ref name="Dates" /> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]] ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. == Zaben fidda gwani == An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. A cewar wasu 'yan takara da shugabannin al'umma a karkashin kungiyar Ekiti South Agenda Forum, yarjejeniyar yanki ta al'ada ta sanya Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Ekiti ta sami gwamna na gaba tun bayan dawowar dimokuradiyya ta 1999, duk gwamnonin Ekiti sun fito ne daga ko dai Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta Ekiti ko Ekiti ta Arewa. Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga waɗanda ba na Kudu ba.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Afolabi |first1=Ayodele |title=Ekiti 2022: Ekiti South insists on producing next governor |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/ekiti-2022-ekiti-south-insists-on-producing-next-governor/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours">{{Cite news |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Rasaq |title=Ekiti poll: South District clamours for power shift |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ekiti-poll-south-district-clamours-for-power-shift/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> === APC === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, jam'iyyar APC ta ayyana gwamnan da ke kan mulki, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar da kuma dan takararsa na zaben jihar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jubilation In Ekiti As Gov. Oyebanji Emerges APC Governorship Candidate |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/31977 |newspaper=[[Government of Ekiti State, Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> ==== An bayyana shi ==== * [[Richard Bamisile]], [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Emure / Gbonyin / Ekiti Gabas kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2022 * Biodun Oyebanji, Gwamna na yanzu ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Babafemi Ojudu]], tsohon Sanata na tsakiya na Ekiti kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan batutuwan siyasa * Olawale Fapohunda, Babban Lauyan Ekiti da Kwamishinan Shari'a * Biodun Omoleye, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Abiodun Oyebanji, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Makinde Araoye, Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan Batutuwan Tarayya da Gwamnati ga Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /> * Bamidele Faparusi, Kwamishinan Infrastructure da Public Utilities da kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Muyiwa Olumilua, Kwamishinan Zuba Jari, Ciniki da Masana'antu * Diran Adesua, Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane * Adeyemi Adaramodu, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / Ise / Orun <ref name="Clamours" /> * Mojisola Yaya-Kolade, Kwamishinan Lafiya * [[Bolaji Aluko]], tsohon Jami'ar Tarayya, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Otuoke, Mai Gudanar da Rundunar Ayyukan COVID-19 ta Jihar Ekiti, da Darakta Janar na Ofishin Canji da Bayar da Sabis <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Funminiyi Afuye, Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti <ref name="Clamours" /> * [[Adebayo Clement Adeyeye]], tsohon Sanata na Ekiti ta Kudu, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Ayyuka <ref name="Clamours" /> * Paul Omotoso, Shugaban Mai Kula da Ekiti APC <ref name="Clamours" /> * Kayode Ojo, ɗan kasuwa kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Otunba Ademola Popoola, mai ba da shawara kan jirgin sama === PDP === ==== Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya ==== * Kayode Adaramodu, tsohon Mataimakin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Amincewa * Adewumi Adesoye * Adekemi Adewumi, 2019 PDP House of Representatives dan takarar kuma gwauruwar Shugaban Air Staff [[Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa]] ==== An bayyana shi ==== * Sikiru Tae-Lawal, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Dare Bejide]], tsohon Jakadan Kanada, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma dan takarar gwamnan PPN na 2018 * Segun Adekola, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / l * Ise / Orun <ref name="PDP ticket" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1g37ep726sthc4oz2sqgcwrjpu37b8j 887669 887663 2026-07-26T13:23:50Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* An bayyana shi */ 887669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da zaben gwamna na Jihar Ekiti a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2026,<ref name="Dates">{{Cite news |title=Ekiti State Timetable & Schedule of Activities for the 2026 Governorship Election. |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/ekiti-state-timtable-schedule-of-activities-for-the-2026-governorship-election/ |newspaper=[[INEC Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> don zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]]. Gwamnan [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na yanzu, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], yana cikin wa'adinsa na farko kuma zai yi takara da wasu 'yan takara don neman sake zaben na biyu. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. <ref name="Dates" /> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]] ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. == Zaben fidda gwani == An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. A cewar wasu 'yan takara da shugabannin al'umma a karkashin kungiyar Ekiti South Agenda Forum, yarjejeniyar yanki ta al'ada ta sanya Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Ekiti ta sami gwamna na gaba tun bayan dawowar dimokuradiyya ta 1999, duk gwamnonin Ekiti sun fito ne daga ko dai Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta Ekiti ko Ekiti ta Arewa. Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga waɗanda ba na Kudu ba.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Afolabi |first1=Ayodele |title=Ekiti 2022: Ekiti South insists on producing next governor |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/ekiti-2022-ekiti-south-insists-on-producing-next-governor/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours">{{Cite news |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Rasaq |title=Ekiti poll: South District clamours for power shift |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ekiti-poll-south-district-clamours-for-power-shift/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> === APC === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, jam'iyyar APC ta ayyana gwamnan da ke kan mulki, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar da kuma dan takararsa na zaben jihar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jubilation In Ekiti As Gov. Oyebanji Emerges APC Governorship Candidate |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/31977 |newspaper=[[Government of Ekiti State, Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> ==== An bayyana shi ==== * [[Richard Bamisile]], [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Emure / Gbonyin / Ekiti Gabas kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2022 <ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ojomoyela |first1=Rotimi |title=Ekiti 2022: House of Reps member, Bamisile, joins guber race |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/ekiti-2022-house-of-reps-member-bamisile-joins-guber-race/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours" /><ref name="X-raying Aspirants">{{Cite news |last1=Abolayo |first1=Afiz |title=Ekiti 2022: X-raying the leading aspirants |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/ekiti-2022-x-raying-the-leading-aspirants/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> * Biodun Oyebanji, Gwamna na yanzu ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Babafemi Ojudu]], tsohon Sanata na tsakiya na Ekiti kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan batutuwan siyasa * Olawale Fapohunda, Babban Lauyan Ekiti da Kwamishinan Shari'a * Biodun Omoleye, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Abiodun Oyebanji, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Makinde Araoye, Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan Batutuwan Tarayya da Gwamnati ga Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /> * Bamidele Faparusi, Kwamishinan Infrastructure da Public Utilities da kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Muyiwa Olumilua, Kwamishinan Zuba Jari, Ciniki da Masana'antu * Diran Adesua, Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane * Adeyemi Adaramodu, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / Ise / Orun <ref name="Clamours" /> * Mojisola Yaya-Kolade, Kwamishinan Lafiya * [[Bolaji Aluko]], tsohon Jami'ar Tarayya, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Otuoke, Mai Gudanar da Rundunar Ayyukan COVID-19 ta Jihar Ekiti, da Darakta Janar na Ofishin Canji da Bayar da Sabis <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Funminiyi Afuye, Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti <ref name="Clamours" /> * [[Adebayo Clement Adeyeye]], tsohon Sanata na Ekiti ta Kudu, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Ayyuka <ref name="Clamours" /> * Paul Omotoso, Shugaban Mai Kula da Ekiti APC <ref name="Clamours" /> * Kayode Ojo, ɗan kasuwa kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Otunba Ademola Popoola, mai ba da shawara kan jirgin sama === PDP === ==== Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya ==== * Kayode Adaramodu, tsohon Mataimakin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Amincewa * Adewumi Adesoye * Adekemi Adewumi, 2019 PDP House of Representatives dan takarar kuma gwauruwar Shugaban Air Staff [[Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa]] ==== An bayyana shi ==== * Sikiru Tae-Lawal, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Dare Bejide]], tsohon Jakadan Kanada, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma dan takarar gwamnan PPN na 2018 * Segun Adekola, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / l * Ise / Orun <ref name="PDP ticket" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} l2sjbb1qupj0dwjd85b4zts18btt8g7 887685 887669 2026-07-26T13:28:08Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Daidaitawa */ 887685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da zaben gwamna na Jihar Ekiti a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2026,<ref name="Dates">{{Cite news |title=Ekiti State Timetable & Schedule of Activities for the 2026 Governorship Election. |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/ekiti-state-timtable-schedule-of-activities-for-the-2026-governorship-election/ |newspaper=[[INEC Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> don zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]]. Gwamnan [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na yanzu, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], yana cikin wa'adinsa na farko kuma zai yi takara da wasu 'yan takara don neman sake zaben na biyu. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. <ref name="Dates" /> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]] ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. == Zaben fidda gwani == An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. A cewar wasu 'yan takara da shugabannin al'umma a karkashin kungiyar Ekiti South Agenda Forum, yarjejeniyar yanki ta al'ada ta sanya Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Ekiti ta sami gwamna na gaba tun bayan dawowar dimokuradiyya ta 1999, duk gwamnonin Ekiti sun fito ne daga ko dai Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta Ekiti ko Ekiti ta Arewa. Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga waɗanda ba na Kudu ba.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Afolabi |first1=Ayodele |title=Ekiti 2022: Ekiti South insists on producing next governor |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/ekiti-2022-ekiti-south-insists-on-producing-next-governor/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours">{{Cite news |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Rasaq |title=Ekiti poll: South District clamours for power shift |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ekiti-poll-south-district-clamours-for-power-shift/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> === APC === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, jam'iyyar APC ta ayyana gwamnan da ke kan mulki, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar da kuma dan takararsa na zaben jihar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jubilation In Ekiti As Gov. Oyebanji Emerges APC Governorship Candidate |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/31977 |newspaper=[[Government of Ekiti State, Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> ==== An bayyana shi ==== * [[Richard Bamisile]], [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Emure / Gbonyin / Ekiti Gabas kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2022 <ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ojomoyela |first1=Rotimi |title=Ekiti 2022: House of Reps member, Bamisile, joins guber race |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/ekiti-2022-house-of-reps-member-bamisile-joins-guber-race/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours" /><ref name="X-raying Aspirants">{{Cite news |last1=Abolayo |first1=Afiz |title=Ekiti 2022: X-raying the leading aspirants |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/ekiti-2022-x-raying-the-leading-aspirants/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> * Biodun Oyebanji, Gwamna na yanzu ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Babafemi Ojudu]], tsohon Sanata na tsakiya na Ekiti kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan batutuwan siyasa * Olawale Fapohunda, Babban Lauyan Ekiti da Kwamishinan Shari'a <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls">{{Cite news |last1=Nwaoko |first1=Sam |title=A Peep Into Ekiti 2022 Governorship And The Hopefuls |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/a-peep-into-ekiti-2022-governorship-and-the-hopefuls/ |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> * Biodun Omoleye, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Abiodun Oyebanji, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Makinde Araoye, Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan Batutuwan Tarayya da Gwamnati ga Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /> * Bamidele Faparusi, Kwamishinan Infrastructure da Public Utilities da kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Muyiwa Olumilua, Kwamishinan Zuba Jari, Ciniki da Masana'antu * Diran Adesua, Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane * Adeyemi Adaramodu, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / Ise / Orun <ref name="Clamours" /> * Mojisola Yaya-Kolade, Kwamishinan Lafiya * [[Bolaji Aluko]], tsohon Jami'ar Tarayya, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Otuoke, Mai Gudanar da Rundunar Ayyukan COVID-19 ta Jihar Ekiti, da Darakta Janar na Ofishin Canji da Bayar da Sabis <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Funminiyi Afuye, Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti <ref name="Clamours" /> * [[Adebayo Clement Adeyeye]], tsohon Sanata na Ekiti ta Kudu, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Ayyuka <ref name="Clamours" /> * Paul Omotoso, Shugaban Mai Kula da Ekiti APC <ref name="Clamours" /> * Kayode Ojo, ɗan kasuwa kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Otunba Ademola Popoola, mai ba da shawara kan jirgin sama === PDP === ==== Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya ==== * Kayode Adaramodu, tsohon Mataimakin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Amincewa * Adewumi Adesoye * Adekemi Adewumi, 2019 PDP House of Representatives dan takarar kuma gwauruwar Shugaban Air Staff [[Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa]] ==== An bayyana shi ==== * Sikiru Tae-Lawal, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Dare Bejide]], tsohon Jakadan Kanada, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma dan takarar gwamnan PPN na 2018 * Segun Adekola, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / l * Ise / Orun <ref name="PDP ticket" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} cpqgxqmnaq9ckw7mf87uixomif5v6m9 887689 887685 2026-07-26T13:31:29Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya */ 887689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da zaben gwamna na Jihar Ekiti a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2026,<ref name="Dates">{{Cite news |title=Ekiti State Timetable & Schedule of Activities for the 2026 Governorship Election. |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/ekiti-state-timtable-schedule-of-activities-for-the-2026-governorship-election/ |newspaper=[[INEC Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> don zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]]. Gwamnan [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na yanzu, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], yana cikin wa'adinsa na farko kuma zai yi takara da wasu 'yan takara don neman sake zaben na biyu. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. <ref name="Dates" /> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]] ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. == Zaben fidda gwani == An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. A cewar wasu 'yan takara da shugabannin al'umma a karkashin kungiyar Ekiti South Agenda Forum, yarjejeniyar yanki ta al'ada ta sanya Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Ekiti ta sami gwamna na gaba tun bayan dawowar dimokuradiyya ta 1999, duk gwamnonin Ekiti sun fito ne daga ko dai Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta Ekiti ko Ekiti ta Arewa. Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga waɗanda ba na Kudu ba.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Afolabi |first1=Ayodele |title=Ekiti 2022: Ekiti South insists on producing next governor |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/ekiti-2022-ekiti-south-insists-on-producing-next-governor/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours">{{Cite news |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Rasaq |title=Ekiti poll: South District clamours for power shift |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ekiti-poll-south-district-clamours-for-power-shift/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> === APC === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, jam'iyyar APC ta ayyana gwamnan da ke kan mulki, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar da kuma dan takararsa na zaben jihar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jubilation In Ekiti As Gov. Oyebanji Emerges APC Governorship Candidate |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/31977 |newspaper=[[Government of Ekiti State, Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> ==== An bayyana shi ==== * [[Richard Bamisile]], [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Emure / Gbonyin / Ekiti Gabas kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2022 <ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ojomoyela |first1=Rotimi |title=Ekiti 2022: House of Reps member, Bamisile, joins guber race |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/ekiti-2022-house-of-reps-member-bamisile-joins-guber-race/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours" /><ref name="X-raying Aspirants">{{Cite news |last1=Abolayo |first1=Afiz |title=Ekiti 2022: X-raying the leading aspirants |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/ekiti-2022-x-raying-the-leading-aspirants/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> * Biodun Oyebanji, Gwamna na yanzu ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Babafemi Ojudu]], tsohon Sanata na tsakiya na Ekiti kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan batutuwan siyasa * Olawale Fapohunda, Babban Lauyan Ekiti da Kwamishinan Shari'a <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls">{{Cite news |last1=Nwaoko |first1=Sam |title=A Peep Into Ekiti 2022 Governorship And The Hopefuls |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/a-peep-into-ekiti-2022-governorship-and-the-hopefuls/ |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> * Biodun Omoleye, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Abiodun Oyebanji, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Makinde Araoye, Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan Batutuwan Tarayya da Gwamnati ga Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /> * Bamidele Faparusi, Kwamishinan Infrastructure da Public Utilities da kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Muyiwa Olumilua, Kwamishinan Zuba Jari, Ciniki da Masana'antu * Diran Adesua, Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane * Adeyemi Adaramodu, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / Ise / Orun <ref name="Clamours" /> * Mojisola Yaya-Kolade, Kwamishinan Lafiya * [[Bolaji Aluko]], tsohon Jami'ar Tarayya, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Otuoke, Mai Gudanar da Rundunar Ayyukan COVID-19 ta Jihar Ekiti, da Darakta Janar na Ofishin Canji da Bayar da Sabis <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Funminiyi Afuye, Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti <ref name="Clamours" /> * [[Adebayo Clement Adeyeye]], tsohon Sanata na Ekiti ta Kudu, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Ayyuka <ref name="Clamours" /> * Paul Omotoso, Shugaban Mai Kula da Ekiti APC <ref name="Clamours" /> * Kayode Ojo, ɗan kasuwa kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Otunba Ademola Popoola, mai ba da shawara kan jirgin sama === PDP === ==== Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya ==== * Kayode Adaramodu, tsohon Mataimakin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Amincewa<ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Afolabi |first1=Ayodele |last2=Daniel |first2=Eniola |title=TBank ex-boss, Adaramodu, joins Ekiti 2022 governorship race |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/gtbank-ex-boss-adaramodu-joins-ekiti-2022-governorship-race/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours" /><ref name="PDP ticket">{{Cite news |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Rasaq |title=Who will pick PDP ticket? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/who-will-pick-pdp-ticket/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=13 July 2021 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> * Adewumi Adesoye * Adekemi Adewumi, 2019 PDP House of Representatives dan takarar kuma gwauruwar Shugaban Air Staff [[Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa]] ==== An bayyana shi ==== * Sikiru Tae-Lawal, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Dare Bejide]], tsohon Jakadan Kanada, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma dan takarar gwamnan PPN na 2018 * Segun Adekola, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / l * Ise / Orun <ref name="PDP ticket" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3dd28jftl54c8ydooshzsftkkrziiqp 0 162298 887660 2026-07-26T13:21:29Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363459600|Robert McCracken]]" 887660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Chad “Bob” McCracken''' CBE (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1969) tsohon ɗan damben Burtaniya ne wanda ya fafata daga 1991 zuwa 2001, kuma tun daga lokacin yana aiki a matsayin [[Atisayen Dambe|mai horar da dambe]] . Ya taɓa kalubalantar kambun matsakaicin nauyi na WBC a shekarar 2000. A matakin yanki, ya riƙe kambun ajin super-welterweight na Birtaniya daga 1994 zuwa 1995; kambun matsakaicin nauyi na Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1996; kuma ya taɓa fuskantar ƙalubale don lashe kambun matsakaicin nauyi na Turai a 2001. == Aikin dambe == === Kuruciya === McCracken ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kera katako a Hoskins Cabinette Works, Bordesley, Birmingham kafin ya koma dambe. An yi masa lakabi da "Boxing Bob". Ya wakilci Ingila a rukunin weight welterweight, a wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 da aka yi a [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]], inda ya kai zagayen kwata na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Athletes |url=https://teamengland.org/commonwealth-games-history/auckland-1990/athletes |publisher=Team England}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletes and results |url=https://thecgf.com/results/athletes/44453 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826162055/https://thecgf.com/results/athletes/44453 |archive-date=26 August 2019 |access-date=26 August 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> Ya buga dambe a Birmingham City ABC, kuma ya zo na biyu a gasar ABA mai nauyi mai nauyi a shekarar 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roll of Honour |url=https://www.englandboxing.org/roll-of-honour/gender/male-championships/ |publisher=England Boxing}}</ref> === Ƙwararren === McCracken ya zama ƙwararre a shekarar 1991 a ƙungiyar super-welterweight. A watan Fabrairun 1994 ya lashe gasar Burtaniya ta hanyar yin nasara kan Andy Till, kuma ya kare ta sau biyu, inda ya yi nasara kan Steve "The Viking" Foster da Paul Wesley. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995, ya shiga gasar matsakaicin nauyi a hukumance, inda ya lashe kambun Commonwealth ta hanyar doke Fitzgerald Bruney, ɗan ƙasar Kanada. Ya yi nasarar riƙe kambun sau biyu ta hanyar doke Paul Busby da Bruney a wasan sake, kafin ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1997 kuma ya haura matsayi a duniya. A watan Fabrairun 1998, ya sami gagarumar nasara inda ya zarce [[Lonnie Beasley]], kuma a cikin fafatawa huɗu da ya yi ya ɗaga kansa zuwa matsayi na ɗaya a cikin jerin 'yan wasan WBC . A watan Afrilun 2000, McCracken ya kalubalanci ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka Keith Holmes don lashe kambun matsakaicin nauyi na WBC. Faɗan shine babban abin da ya faru a wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya wanda ya gabaci fafatawar Lennox Lewis da Michael Grant a birnin New York a daren nan. Domin kiyaye matsayinsa, McCracken ya shafe shekara guda ba tare da aiki ba kuma tsatsar zobensa ta bayyana, yayin da ya faɗi ƙasa da wuri ya zauna a can. Alkalin wasa ya dakatar da fafatawar a zagaye na sha ɗaya. McCracken ya sake yin aiki na tsawon shekara guda yayin da yake horar da sauran 'yan dambe, kafin ya dawo a watan Afrilun 2001 don fafatawa da Howard Eastman mai kima, wanda yanzu yake riƙe da kambun Burtaniya da Commonwealth da kuma rikodin 31-0. Kofin Turai da babu kowa a ciki shi ma yana kan gaba, duk da haka, korar McCracken na dogon lokaci ya sake raunata shi, bayan fafatawa mai tsauri da McCracken ya yi a zagaye na goma, inda Eastman ya yi bugun ƙarfi. == Koyarwa == McCracken shi ne babban kuma mafi kyawun kocin ƙungiyar dambe ta Burtaniya a gasar Olympics ta 2012. McCracken ya kuma horar da zakaran matsakaicin nauyi Carl Froch mai ritaya [[Damben nauyi|da]] kuma tsohon zakaran WBA (Super), IBF, WBO, da IBO [[Anthony Joshua]] . McCracken a halin yanzu shine Daraktan Ayyuka a GB Boxing. == Daraja == An nada McCracken a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|memba na Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 2013 saboda ayyukan dambe da wasannin Olympics da na Paralympic na London 2012 <ref>{{London Gazette|issue=60367|date=29 December 2012|page=25|supp=y}}</ref> da kuma [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 2022 saboda ayyukan dambe. <ref>{{London Gazette|issue=63571|supp=y|page=N9|date=1 January 2022}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] b7xbki0prc6b4eokusfqlatq05v7whu 887664 887660 2026-07-26T13:22:56Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363459600|Robert McCracken]]" 887664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Chad “Bob” McCracken''' CBE (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1969) tsohon ɗan damben Burtaniya ne wanda ya fafata daga 1991 zuwa 2001, kuma tun daga lokacin yana aiki a matsayin [[Atisayen Dambe|mai horar da dambe]] . Ya taɓa kalubalantar kambun matsakaicin nauyi na WBC a shekarar 2000. A matakin yanki, ya riƙe kambun ajin super-welterweight na Birtaniya daga 1994 zuwa 1995; kambun matsakaicin nauyi na Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1996; kuma ya taɓa fuskantar ƙalubale don lashe kambun matsakaicin nauyi na Turai a 2001. == Aikin dambe == === Kuruciya === McCracken ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kera katako a Hoskins Cabinette Works, Bordesley, Birmingham kafin ya koma dambe. An yi masa lakabi da "Boxing Bob". Ya wakilci Ingila a rukunin weight welterweight, a wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 da aka yi a [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]], inda ya kai zagayen kwata na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Athletes |url=https://teamengland.org/commonwealth-games-history/auckland-1990/athletes |publisher=Team England}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletes and results |url=https://thecgf.com/results/athletes/44453 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826162055/https://thecgf.com/results/athletes/44453 |archive-date=26 August 2019 |access-date=26 August 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> Ya buga dambe a Birmingham City ABC, kuma ya zo na biyu a gasar ABA mai nauyi mai nauyi a shekarar 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roll of Honour |url=https://www.englandboxing.org/roll-of-honour/gender/male-championships/ |publisher=England Boxing}}</ref> === Ƙwararren === McCracken ya zama ƙwararre a shekarar 1991 a ƙungiyar super-welterweight. A watan Fabrairun 1994 ya lashe gasar Burtaniya ta hanyar yin nasara kan Andy Till, kuma ya kare ta sau biyu, inda ya yi nasara kan Steve "The Viking" Foster da Paul Wesley. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995, ya shiga gasar matsakaicin nauyi a hukumance, inda ya lashe kambun Commonwealth ta hanyar doke Fitzgerald Bruney, ɗan ƙasar Kanada. Ya yi nasarar riƙe kambun sau biyu ta hanyar doke Paul Busby da Bruney a wasan sake, kafin ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1997 kuma ya haura matsayi a duniya. A watan Fabrairun 1998, ya sami gagarumar nasara inda ya zarce [[Lonnie Beasley]], kuma a cikin fafatawa huɗu da ya yi ya ɗaga kansa zuwa matsayi na ɗaya a cikin jerin 'yan wasan WBC . A watan Afrilun 2000, McCracken ya kalubalanci ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka Keith Holmes don lashe kambun matsakaicin nauyi na WBC. Faɗan shine babban abin da ya faru a wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya wanda ya gabaci fafatawar Lennox Lewis da Michael Grant a birnin New York a daren nan. Domin kiyaye matsayinsa, McCracken ya shafe shekara guda ba tare da aiki ba kuma tsatsar zobensa ta bayyana, yayin da ya faɗi ƙasa da wuri ya zauna a can. Alkalin wasa ya dakatar da fafatawar a zagaye na sha ɗaya. McCracken ya sake yin aiki na tsawon shekara guda yayin da yake horar da sauran 'yan dambe, kafin ya dawo a watan Afrilun 2001 don fafatawa da Howard Eastman mai kima, wanda yanzu yake riƙe da kambun Burtaniya da Commonwealth da kuma rikodin 31-0. Kofin Turai da babu kowa a ciki shi ma yana kan gaba, duk da haka, korar McCracken na dogon lokaci ya sake raunata shi, bayan fafatawa mai tsauri da McCracken ya yi a zagaye na goma, inda Eastman ya yi bugun ƙarfi. == Koyarwa == McCracken shi ne babban kuma mafi kyawun kocin ƙungiyar dambe ta Burtaniya a gasar Olympics ta 2012. McCracken ya kuma horar da zakaran matsakaicin nauyi Carl Froch mai ritaya [[Damben nauyi|da]] kuma tsohon zakaran WBA (Super), IBF, WBO, da IBO [[Anthony Joshua]] . McCracken a halin yanzu shine Daraktan Ayyuka a GB Boxing. == Daraja == An nada McCracken a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|memba na Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 2013 saboda ayyukan dambe da wasannin Olympics da na Paralympic na London 2012 <ref>{{London Gazette|issue=60367|date=29 December 2012|page=25|supp=y}}</ref> da kuma [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 2022 saboda ayyukan dambe. <ref>{{London Gazette|issue=63571|supp=y|page=N9|date=1 January 2022}}</ref> == Tarihin dambe na ƙwararru == {{Boxing record summary|draws=|nc=|ko-wins=22|ko-losses=2|dec-wins=10|dec-losses=|dq-wins=1|dq-losses=}}{{Boxing record start|round-time-split=y}} |- |35 |{{no2}}Loss |33–2 |align=left|{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Howard Eastman]] |TKO |10 (12) |1:54 |10 Apr 2001 |align=left|{{Flagicon|GBR}} {{Small|[[Wembley Conference Centre]], [[Wembley]], [[Greater London]], UK}} |align=left|{{Small|For [[Commonwealth Boxing Council|Commonwealth]], [[British Boxing Board of Control|British]] and vacant [[European Boxing Union|EBU]] European middleweight titles}} |- |34 |{{no2}}Loss |33–1 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Keith Holmes (boxer)|Keith Holmes]] |TKO |11 (12) |2:24 |29 Apr 2000 |align=left|{{Flagicon|GBR}} {{Small|[[Wembley Arena]], [[Wembley]], [[Greater London]], UK}} |align=left|{{Small|For [[list of WBC world champions#Middleweight|WBC middleweight title]]}} |- |33 |{{yes2}}Win |33–0 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} Steve Fisher |TKO |10 (10) |0:06 |6 Mar 1999 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} {{Small|[[Boardwalk Hall]], [[Atlantic City]], [[New Jersey]], USA}} | |- |32 |{{yes2}}Win |32–0 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} Napoleon Pitt |TKO |6 (10) |2:25 |[[Naseem Hamed vs. Wayne McCullough|31 Oct 1998]] |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} {{Small|[[Boardwalk Hall]], [[Atlantic City]], [[New Jersey]], USA}} | {{End}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pipllv5iz15tak1o8pu02e9vro875sb 887707 887664 2026-07-26T13:42:46Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robert Chad “Bob” McCracken''' CBE (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1969) tsohon ɗan damben Burtaniya ne wanda ya fafata daga 1991 zuwa 2001, kuma tun daga lokacin yana aiki a matsayin [[Atisayen Dambe|mai horar da dambe]] . Ya taɓa kalubalantar kambun matsakaicin nauyi na WBC a shekarar 2000. A matakin yanki, ya riƙe kambun ajin super-welterweight na Birtaniya daga 1994 zuwa 1995; kambun matsakaicin nauyi na Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1996; kuma ya taɓa fuskantar ƙalubale don lashe kambun matsakaicin nauyi na Turai a 2001. == Aikin dambe == === Kuruciya === McCracken ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kera katako a Hoskins Cabinette Works, Bordesley, Birmingham kafin ya koma dambe. An yi masa lakabi da "Boxing Bob". Ya wakilci Ingila a rukunin weight welterweight, a wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 da aka yi a [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]], inda ya kai zagayen kwata na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Athletes |url=https://teamengland.org/commonwealth-games-history/auckland-1990/athletes |publisher=Team England}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletes and results |url=https://thecgf.com/results/athletes/44453 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826162055/https://thecgf.com/results/athletes/44453 |archive-date=26 August 2019 |access-date=26 August 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> Ya buga dambe a Birmingham City ABC, kuma ya zo na biyu a gasar ABA mai nauyi mai nauyi a shekarar 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roll of Honour |url=https://www.englandboxing.org/roll-of-honour/gender/male-championships/ |publisher=England Boxing}}</ref> === Ƙwararren === McCracken ya zama ƙwararre a shekarar 1991 a ƙungiyar super-welterweight. A watan Fabrairun 1994 ya lashe gasar Burtaniya ta hanyar yin nasara kan Andy Till, kuma ya kare ta sau biyu, inda ya yi nasara kan Steve "The Viking" Foster da Paul Wesley. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995, ya shiga gasar matsakaicin nauyi a hukumance, inda ya lashe kambun Commonwealth ta hanyar doke Fitzgerald Bruney, ɗan ƙasar Kanada. Ya yi nasarar riƙe kambun sau biyu ta hanyar doke Paul Busby da Bruney a wasan sake, kafin ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1997 kuma ya haura matsayi a duniya. A watan Fabrairun 1998, ya sami gagarumar nasara inda ya zarce [[Lonnie Beasley]], kuma a cikin fafatawa huɗu da ya yi ya ɗaga kansa zuwa matsayi na ɗaya a cikin jerin 'yan wasan WBC . A watan Afrilun 2000, McCracken ya kalubalanci ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka Keith Holmes don lashe kambun matsakaicin nauyi na WBC. Faɗan shine babban abin da ya faru a wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya wanda ya gabaci fafatawar Lennox Lewis da Michael Grant a birnin New York a daren nan. Domin kiyaye matsayinsa, McCracken ya shafe shekara guda ba tare da aiki ba kuma tsatsar zobensa ta bayyana, yayin da ya faɗi ƙasa da wuri ya zauna a can. Alkalin wasa ya dakatar da fafatawar a zagaye na sha ɗaya. McCracken ya sake yin aiki na tsawon shekara guda yayin da yake horar da sauran 'yan dambe, kafin ya dawo a watan Afrilun 2001 don fafatawa da Howard Eastman mai kima, wanda yanzu yake riƙe da kambun Burtaniya da Commonwealth da kuma rikodin 31-0. Kofin Turai da babu kowa a ciki shi ma yana kan gaba, duk da haka, korar McCracken na dogon lokaci ya sake raunata shi, bayan fafatawa mai tsauri da McCracken ya yi a zagaye na goma, inda Eastman ya yi bugun ƙarfi. == Koyarwa == McCracken shi ne babban kuma mafi kyawun kocin ƙungiyar dambe ta Burtaniya a gasar Olympics ta 2012. McCracken ya kuma horar da zakaran matsakaicin nauyi Carl Froch mai ritaya [[Damben nauyi|da]] kuma tsohon zakaran WBA (Super), IBF, WBO, da IBO [[Anthony Joshua]] . McCracken a halin yanzu shine Daraktan Ayyuka a GB Boxing. == Daraja == An nada McCracken a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|memba na Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 2013 saboda ayyukan dambe da wasannin Olympics da na Paralympic na London 2012 <ref>{{London Gazette|issue=60367|date=29 December 2012|page=25|supp=y}}</ref> da kuma [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 2022 saboda ayyukan dambe. <ref>{{London Gazette|issue=63571|supp=y|page=N9|date=1 January 2022}}</ref> == Tarihin dambe na ƙwararru == {{Boxing record summary|draws=|nc=|ko-wins=22|ko-losses=2|dec-wins=10|dec-losses=|dq-wins=1|dq-losses=}}{{Boxing record start|round-time-split=y}} |- |35 |{{no2}}Loss |33–2 |align=left|{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Howard Eastman]] |TKO |10 (12) |1:54 |10 Apr 2001 |align=left|{{Flagicon|GBR}} {{Small|[[Wembley Conference Centre]], [[Wembley]], [[Greater London]], UK}} |align=left|{{Small|For [[Commonwealth Boxing Council|Commonwealth]], [[British Boxing Board of Control|British]] and vacant [[European Boxing Union|EBU]] European middleweight titles}} |- |34 |{{no2}}Loss |33–1 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Keith Holmes (boxer)|Keith Holmes]] |TKO |11 (12) |2:24 |29 Apr 2000 |align=left|{{Flagicon|GBR}} {{Small|[[Wembley Arena]], [[Wembley]], [[Greater London]], UK}} |align=left|{{Small|For [[list of WBC world champions#Middleweight|WBC middleweight title]]}} |- |33 |{{yes2}}Win |33–0 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} Steve Fisher |TKO |10 (10) |0:06 |6 Mar 1999 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} {{Small|[[Boardwalk Hall]], [[Atlantic City]], [[New Jersey]], USA}} | |- |32 |{{yes2}}Win |32–0 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} Napoleon Pitt |TKO |6 (10) |2:25 |[[Naseem Hamed vs. Wayne McCullough|31 Oct 1998]] |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} {{Small|[[Boardwalk Hall]], [[Atlantic City]], [[New Jersey]], USA}} | {{End}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] oj4lmtykohu5z6eotlh5v8ujatzz1he 887708 887707 2026-07-26T13:45:29Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 887708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robert Chad “Bob” McCracken''' CBE (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1969) tsohon ɗan damben Burtaniya ne wanda ya fafata daga 1991 zuwa 2001, kuma tun daga lokacin yana aiki a matsayin [[Atisayen Dambe|mai horar da dambe]] . Ya taɓa kalubalantar kambun matsakaicin nauyi na WBC a shekarar 2000. A matakin yanki, ya riƙe kambun ajin super-welterweight na Birtaniya daga 1994 zuwa 1995; kambun matsakaicin nauyi na Commonwealth daga 1995 zuwa 1996; kuma ya taɓa fuskantar ƙalubale don lashe kambun matsakaicin nauyi na Turai a 2001. == Aikin dambe == === Kuruciya === McCracken ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kera katako a Hoskins Cabinette Works, Bordesley, Birmingham kafin ya koma dambe. An yi masa lakabi da "Boxing Bob". Ya wakilci Ingila a rukunin weight welterweight, a wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 da aka yi a [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]], inda ya kai zagayen kwata na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Athletes |url=https://teamengland.org/commonwealth-games-history/auckland-1990/athletes |publisher=Team England}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletes and results |url=https://thecgf.com/results/athletes/44453 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826162055/https://thecgf.com/results/athletes/44453 |archive-date=26 August 2019 |access-date=26 August 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> Ya buga dambe a Birmingham City ABC, kuma ya zo na biyu a gasar ABA mai nauyi mai nauyi a shekarar 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roll of Honour |url=https://www.englandboxing.org/roll-of-honour/gender/male-championships/ |publisher=England Boxing}}</ref> === Ƙwararren === McCracken ya zama ƙwararre a shekarar 1991 a ƙungiyar super-welterweight. A watan Fabrairun 1994 ya lashe gasar Burtaniya ta hanyar yin nasara kan Andy Till, kuma ya kare ta sau biyu, inda ya yi nasara kan Steve "The Viking" Foster da Paul Wesley. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1995, ya shiga gasar matsakaicin nauyi a hukumance, inda ya lashe kambun Commonwealth ta hanyar doke Fitzgerald Bruney, ɗan ƙasar Kanada. Ya yi nasarar riƙe kambun sau biyu ta hanyar doke Paul Busby da Bruney a wasan sake, kafin ya koma Amurka a shekarar 1997 kuma ya haura matsayi a duniya. A watan Fabrairun 1998, ya sami gagarumar nasara inda ya zarce [[Lonnie Beasley]], kuma a cikin fafatawa huɗu da ya yi ya ɗaga kansa zuwa matsayi na ɗaya a cikin jerin 'yan wasan WBC . A watan Afrilun 2000, McCracken ya kalubalanci ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka Keith Holmes don lashe kambun matsakaicin nauyi na WBC. Faɗan shine babban abin da ya faru a wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya wanda ya gabaci fafatawar Lennox Lewis da Michael Grant a birnin New York a daren nan. Domin kiyaye matsayinsa, McCracken ya shafe shekara guda ba tare da aiki ba kuma tsatsar zobensa ta bayyana, yayin da ya faɗi ƙasa da wuri ya zauna a can. Alkalin wasa ya dakatar da fafatawar a zagaye na sha ɗaya. McCracken ya sake yin aiki na tsawon shekara guda yayin da yake horar da sauran 'yan dambe, kafin ya dawo a watan Afrilun 2001 don fafatawa da Howard Eastman mai kima, wanda yanzu yake riƙe da kambun Burtaniya da Commonwealth da kuma rikodin 31-0. Kofin Turai da babu kowa a ciki shi ma yana kan gaba, duk da haka, korar McCracken na dogon lokaci ya sake raunata shi, bayan fafatawa mai tsauri da McCracken ya yi a zagaye na goma, inda Eastman ya yi bugun ƙarfi. == Koyarwa == McCracken shi ne babban kuma mafi kyawun kocin ƙungiyar dambe ta Burtaniya a gasar Olympics ta 2012. McCracken ya kuma horar da zakaran matsakaicin nauyi Carl Froch mai ritaya [[Damben nauyi|da]] kuma tsohon zakaran WBA (Super), IBF, WBO, da IBO [[Anthony Joshua]] . McCracken a halin yanzu shine Daraktan Ayyuka a GB Boxing. == Daraja == An nada McCracken a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|memba na Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 2013 saboda ayyukan dambe da wasannin Olympics da na Paralympic na London 2012 <ref>{{London Gazette|issue=60367|date=29 December 2012|page=25|supp=y}}</ref> da kuma [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) a cikin lambar yabo ta Sabuwar Shekara ta 2022 saboda ayyukan dambe. <ref>{{London Gazette|issue=63571|supp=y|page=N9|date=1 January 2022}}</ref> == Tarihin dambe na ƙwararru == {{Boxing record summary|draws=|nc=|ko-wins=22|ko-losses=2|dec-wins=10|dec-losses=|dq-wins=1|dq-losses=}}{{Boxing record start|round-time-split=y}} |- |35 |{{no2}}Loss |33–2 |align=left|{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Howard Eastman]] |TKO |10 (12) |1:54 |10 Apr 2001 |align=left|{{Flagicon|GBR}} {{Small|[[Wembley Conference Centre]], [[Wembley]], [[Greater London]], UK}} |align=left|{{Small|For [[Commonwealth Boxing Council|Commonwealth]], [[British Boxing Board of Control|British]] and vacant [[European Boxing Union|EBU]] European middleweight titles}} |- |34 |{{no2}}Loss |33–1 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Keith Holmes (boxer)|Keith Holmes]] |TKO |11 (12) |2:24 |29 Apr 2000 |align=left|{{Flagicon|GBR}} {{Small|[[Wembley Arena]], [[Wembley]], [[Greater London]], UK}} |align=left|{{Small|For [[list of WBC world champions#Middleweight|WBC middleweight title]]}} |- |33 |{{yes2}}Win |33–0 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} Steve Fisher |TKO |10 (10) |0:06 |6 Mar 1999 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} {{Small|[[Boardwalk Hall]], [[Atlantic City]], [[New Jersey]], USA}} | |- |32 |{{yes2}}Win |32–0 |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} Napoleon Pitt |TKO |6 (10) |2:25 |[[Naseem Hamed vs. Wayne McCullough|31 Oct 1998]] |align=left|{{Flagicon|USA}} {{Small|[[Boardwalk Hall]], [[Atlantic City]], [[New Jersey]], USA}} | {{End}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] b5byaur5enmcxe4438el941qizle1ae 0 162299 887667 2026-07-26T13:23:42Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317112292|Panagiotis Giannakis]]" 887667 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Panagiotis''' " '''Notis''' " '''Giannakis''' ( Greek ,{{IPA|el|panaˈʝotis ʝaˈnacis|pron}} ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1959), wanda aka rubuta shi a madadin '''Panayiotis Yiannakis''' ko '''Yannakis''', tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne kuma kocin Girka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a Girka. Ya fara aikinsa na babban aji yana da shekaru 13 kacal a Ionikos Nikaias, kuma bayan nasarar da aka samu, ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki a matsayin ɗan wasa tare da Aris Thessaloniki daga 1984 zuwa 1993, tare da haɗin gwiwar babban tauraron ƙwallon kwando na Girka Nikos Galis, yayin da ya sami nasara a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987 a Athens, nasarar farko ta babban gasa a Girka a wasannin da ba na Olympics ba, tare da nasarar Aris mai ban mamaki, ta haɓaka wasan a ƙasar. A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da Panathinaikos a shekarar 1996 . A matsayinsa na babban koci, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa ga kofin Turai na biyu a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005 a Serbia da Montenegro, inda ƙungiyar taurari masu hazaka suka haskaka sosai a ƙarƙashin kulawar Giannakis. Zai maimaita nasarar a shekara mai zuwa, inda ya lashe lambar azurfa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 a Japan, inda ƙungiyar ta fi samun nasara a kan taurarin Amurka na [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, wanda zai zama rashin nasara na ƙarshe da USMNBT za ta yi a gasar har zuwa 2019. Duk da haka, babbar abokiyar hamayyar Girka, Spain, za ta kayar da ƙungiyar Giannakis a wasan ƙarshe, kamar yadda za ta sake yi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket na 2007 . A wajen ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, ya horar da ƙungiyoyin Girka kamar Aris, inda ya fi samun nasara a matsayin ɗan wasa, Olympiacos, inda ya sami sabon nasara, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta ƙasar China . A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, galibi mai tsaron raga ne, amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron raga . A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis ya shahara sosai a ƙarƙashin laƙabinsa na " '''''O Drákos''''' " ( {{Lang|el|Ο Δράκος}} ), ko kuma " '''The Dragon''' " a [[Turanci]] . <ref>[https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/basket/jeep-elite2/actualites/giannakis-un-dragon-pret-a-tout-croquer-587409 <nowiki>GIANNAKIS, UN «DRAGON» PRÊT À TOUT CROQUER {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/sports/le-dragon-giannakis-na-pas-souffle-le-show-au-limoges-csp_13817768/ <nowiki>Le Dragon Giannakis n’a pas soufflé le show au Limoges CSP {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Ƙwallon Kwando na EuroLeague ya zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 na EuroLeague, a cikin rabin ƙarni da ya gabata. A shekarar 2018, an nada shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon kwando 101 na Turai. A shekarar 2021, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na FIBA . A shekarar 2022, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka . A matsayinsa na Janar na ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando a ƙungiyar a Girka, tare da Ionikos Nikaias . Bayan haka, ya fara komawa ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, inda ya shafe mafi mahimmancin aikinsa na ƙwararre. A Tasalonika, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar "The Yellows" (Aris) zuwa wasanni uku a jere na EuroLeague Final Four tsakanin 1988 da 1990, da kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta FIBA (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Saporta Cup) a 1993 . A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1993, an mayar da shi kulob din Panionios Athens na Girka, kuma daga ƙarshe shekara guda bayan haka, zuwa kulob din Panathinaikos Athens na Girka, wanda ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da shi a shekarar 1996 . Giannakis, tare da Nikos Galis, [[Panagiotis Fasoulas]], da Fanis Christodoulou, ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurari huɗu na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 waɗanda suka sanya Girka a taswirar ƙwallon kwando ta duniya. Shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Girka, lokacin da suka lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987, kuma sun lashe lambar azurfa a wannan gasar shekaru biyu bayan haka . Bugu da ƙari, Giannakis ya kasance muhimmin memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka, lokacin da suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket a shekarun 1993 da 1995, da kuma wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA a shekarar 1994 . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] 51o6fcwcxgwvlg8shq1rxz75zrgwl0o 887672 887667 2026-07-26T13:24:38Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317112292|Panagiotis Giannakis]]" 887672 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Panagiotis''' " '''Notis''' " '''Giannakis''' ( Greek ,{{IPA|el|panaˈʝotis ʝaˈnacis|pron}} ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1959), wanda aka rubuta shi a madadin '''Panayiotis Yiannakis''' ko '''Yannakis''', tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne kuma kocin Girka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a Girka. Ya fara aikinsa na babban aji yana da shekaru 13 kacal a Ionikos Nikaias, kuma bayan nasarar da aka samu, ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki a matsayin ɗan wasa tare da Aris Thessaloniki daga 1984 zuwa 1993, tare da haɗin gwiwar babban tauraron ƙwallon kwando na Girka Nikos Galis, yayin da ya sami nasara a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987 a Athens, nasarar farko ta babban gasa a Girka a wasannin da ba na Olympics ba, tare da nasarar Aris mai ban mamaki, ta haɓaka wasan a ƙasar. A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da Panathinaikos a shekarar 1996 . A matsayinsa na babban koci, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa ga kofin Turai na biyu a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005 a Serbia da Montenegro, inda ƙungiyar taurari masu hazaka suka haskaka sosai a ƙarƙashin kulawar Giannakis. Zai maimaita nasarar a shekara mai zuwa, inda ya lashe lambar azurfa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 a Japan, inda ƙungiyar ta fi samun nasara a kan taurarin Amurka na [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, wanda zai zama rashin nasara na ƙarshe da USMNBT za ta yi a gasar har zuwa 2019. Duk da haka, babbar abokiyar hamayyar Girka, Spain, za ta kayar da ƙungiyar Giannakis a wasan ƙarshe, kamar yadda za ta sake yi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket na 2007 . A wajen ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, ya horar da ƙungiyoyin Girka kamar Aris, inda ya fi samun nasara a matsayin ɗan wasa, Olympiacos, inda ya sami sabon nasara, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta ƙasar China . A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, galibi mai tsaron raga ne, amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron raga . A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis ya shahara sosai a ƙarƙashin laƙabinsa na " '''''O Drákos''''' " ( {{Lang|el|Ο Δράκος}} ), ko kuma " '''The Dragon''' " a [[Turanci]] . <ref>[https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/basket/jeep-elite2/actualites/giannakis-un-dragon-pret-a-tout-croquer-587409 <nowiki>GIANNAKIS, UN «DRAGON» PRÊT À TOUT CROQUER {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/sports/le-dragon-giannakis-na-pas-souffle-le-show-au-limoges-csp_13817768/ <nowiki>Le Dragon Giannakis n’a pas soufflé le show au Limoges CSP {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Ƙwallon Kwando na EuroLeague ya zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 na EuroLeague, a cikin rabin ƙarni da ya gabata. A shekarar 2018, an nada shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon kwando 101 na Turai. A shekarar 2021, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na FIBA . A shekarar 2022, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka . A matsayinsa na Janar na ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando a ƙungiyar a Girka, tare da Ionikos Nikaias . Bayan haka, ya fara komawa ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, inda ya shafe mafi mahimmancin aikinsa na ƙwararre. A Tasalonika, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar "The Yellows" (Aris) zuwa wasanni uku a jere na EuroLeague Final Four tsakanin 1988 da 1990, da kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta FIBA (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Saporta Cup) a 1993 . A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1993, an mayar da shi kulob din Panionios Athens na Girka, kuma daga ƙarshe shekara guda bayan haka, zuwa kulob din Panathinaikos Athens na Girka, wanda ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da shi a shekarar 1996 . Giannakis, tare da Nikos Galis, [[Panagiotis Fasoulas]], da Fanis Christodoulou, ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurari huɗu na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 waɗanda suka sanya Girka a taswirar ƙwallon kwando ta duniya. Shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Girka, lokacin da suka lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987, kuma sun lashe lambar azurfa a wannan gasar shekaru biyu bayan haka . Bugu da ƙari, Giannakis ya kasance muhimmin memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka, lokacin da suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket a shekarun 1993 da 1995, da kuma wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA a shekarar 1994 . Bayan kammala aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis shine babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Athenian, Maroussi Athens, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa sahun gaba a gasar Girka . Giannakis shi ne kuma babban kocin ƙungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka, wadda ta jagoranci gasar EuroLeague ta 2010, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka . A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Giannakis, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005, da kuma lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 da aka yi a Japan, inda Girka ta doke ƙungiyar Amurka, da ci 101-95. Ya kuma kasance babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . == Shekarun farko == An haifi Giannakis kuma ya girma a wata unguwa mai talauci a Nikaia, [[Athens]] . Mahaifinsa Dimitris, wanda aka haife shi daga Asiya Minor, kuma yana da shagon babura; mahaifiyarsa Kalliope, [[Saƙa|mai saka ce]] . Giannakis shine ƙarami a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. <ref name="Oasis magazine bio">{{Cite web |last=Bekas |first=Sotiris |script-title=el:Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης - Αγωνιστής με πελώρια καρδιά |url=http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612040422/http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2011 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=.oasisfm.gr |language=el}}</ref> Giannakis ya fara buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa a unguwarsu. Ya nuna sha'awar wasanni tun da wuri, kuma ya gwada wasannin [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] . Ya fara kallon wasannin wata ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta yankin, kuma daga baya babban kocin ƙungiyar matasan Ionikos Nikaias ya same shi, wanda ya roƙe shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsu. == Sana'ar buga ƙwallon kulob == === Ionikos Nikaias === Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na kulob tare da matasan ƙungiyar Ionikos Nikaias, a shekarar 1971. Kocinsa na farko, [[George Vassilakopoulos]], ya ɗauki Giannakis zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta manyan 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyar, daga ƙungiyar matasa, a shekarar 1972, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13 kacal. Kungiyar tana wasa a rukunin 'yan wasa na biyu na Girka a lokacin. A shekarar 1975, an ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa babban rukuni na ƙungiyar Girka ta farko . Wasan Giannakis mai ban mamaki da Ionikos Nikaias, a lokacin yana ƙarami, ya jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallon kwando a kansa. A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1981, Ionikos Nikaias, karkashin jagorancin wani ɗan shekara 22 mai suna Giannakis, ya buga wasa da Aris Thessaloniki, wanda Nikos Galis ya jagoranta. Aris ya yi nasara a wasan da aka buga mai wahala, da ci 114–113. Wasan abin tunawa ne a tarihin ƙwallon kwando na ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta Girka, domin a wasan, Giannakis ya zira kwallaye 73, kuma Galis ya zira kwallaye 62, yayin da suka sami maki na biyu da na huɗu mafi yawa da aka taɓa zira kwallaye a wasa ɗaya tilo na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka. === Boston Celtics === A shekarar 1981, kocin ƙwallon kwando na Amurka Dick Dukeshire, wanda ya horar da Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan ƙasar Girka, ya nemi Giannakis ya koma Amurka, don buga ƙwallon kwando a Kwalejin Hellenic . Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa Giannakis ya isa ya buga wasa a [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] . A wancan lokacin, 'yan Boston Celtics sun yi amfani da kayan aikin harabar Kwalejin Hellenic da ke Brookline, Massachusetts, don sansanin horo da kuma ayyukansu. Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa idan Giannakis yana horo tare da ƙungiyar makarantar a lokaci guda da Celtics ɗin, to yana da damar shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan Celtics. Daga ƙarshe Giannakis ya amince ya koma Amurka, kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar Hellenic College Owls. A lokacin da yake horo a Kwalejin Hellenic, Celtics sun lura da Giannakis, kuma suka gayyace shi ya shiga sansanin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar a shekarar 1981. Duk da haka, a lokacin horon bazara, Giannakis ya sami rauni a gwiwa wanda ke barazanar aikinsa wanda ya buƙaci tiyatar gwiwa da yawa, <ref>[https://www.contra.gr/synentefxeis/otan-o-panagiotis-giannakis-gkremise-ta-dentra-tis-sovietikis-enosis.7460340.html <nowiki>Όταν ο Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης γκρέμισε τα 'δέντρα' της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> da kuma lokaci mai tsawo na gyaran jiki. A lokacin tiyatar gwiwa, likitan tiyatar da ke yin aikin ya yanke shawarar cewa dole ne a cire ACL na Giannakis daga gwiwarsa. Likitan da ya yi wa tiyatar ya gaya wa Giannakis cewa bai yi tsammanin zai yiwu ya sake buga ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru ba. <ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/life-style/article/1086048/panagiotis-giannakis-to-basket-o-traumatismos-o-galis-kai-ta-38-hronia-gamou <nowiki>Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης: Το μπάσκετ, ο τραυματισμός, ο Γκάλης και τα 38 χρόνια γάμου {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Duk da haka, bayan ya murmure daga tiyatar da aka yi masa a gwiwa, Giannakis ya sami matsakaicin maki 25 a kowane wasa tare da Hellenic College Owls, a kakar wasa ta 1981-82. Bayan haka, Giannakis ya koma Girka, inda ya kammala kakar wasa ta '81–'82 tare da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Ionikos Nikaias, domin ya taimaka musu su guji faɗuwa daga gasar zakarun Girka, wato Greek Basket League . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] qjqhbqb8ium4mr1v6ohn8ys0kp3ikvk 887674 887672 2026-07-26T13:25:22Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317112292|Panagiotis Giannakis]]" 887674 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Panagiotis''' " '''Notis''' " '''Giannakis''' ( Greek ,{{IPA|el|panaˈʝotis ʝaˈnacis|pron}} ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1959), wanda aka rubuta shi a madadin '''Panayiotis Yiannakis''' ko '''Yannakis''', tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne kuma kocin Girka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a Girka. Ya fara aikinsa na babban aji yana da shekaru 13 kacal a Ionikos Nikaias, kuma bayan nasarar da aka samu, ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki a matsayin ɗan wasa tare da Aris Thessaloniki daga 1984 zuwa 1993, tare da haɗin gwiwar babban tauraron ƙwallon kwando na Girka Nikos Galis, yayin da ya sami nasara a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987 a Athens, nasarar farko ta babban gasa a Girka a wasannin da ba na Olympics ba, tare da nasarar Aris mai ban mamaki, ta haɓaka wasan a ƙasar. A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da Panathinaikos a shekarar 1996 . A matsayinsa na babban koci, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa ga kofin Turai na biyu a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005 a Serbia da Montenegro, inda ƙungiyar taurari masu hazaka suka haskaka sosai a ƙarƙashin kulawar Giannakis. Zai maimaita nasarar a shekara mai zuwa, inda ya lashe lambar azurfa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 a Japan, inda ƙungiyar ta fi samun nasara a kan taurarin Amurka na [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, wanda zai zama rashin nasara na ƙarshe da USMNBT za ta yi a gasar har zuwa 2019. Duk da haka, babbar abokiyar hamayyar Girka, Spain, za ta kayar da ƙungiyar Giannakis a wasan ƙarshe, kamar yadda za ta sake yi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket na 2007 . A wajen ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, ya horar da ƙungiyoyin Girka kamar Aris, inda ya fi samun nasara a matsayin ɗan wasa, Olympiacos, inda ya sami sabon nasara, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta ƙasar China . A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, galibi mai tsaron raga ne, amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron raga . A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis ya shahara sosai a ƙarƙashin laƙabinsa na " '''''O Drákos''''' " ( {{Lang|el|Ο Δράκος}} ), ko kuma " '''The Dragon''' " a [[Turanci]] . <ref>[https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/basket/jeep-elite2/actualites/giannakis-un-dragon-pret-a-tout-croquer-587409 <nowiki>GIANNAKIS, UN «DRAGON» PRÊT À TOUT CROQUER {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/sports/le-dragon-giannakis-na-pas-souffle-le-show-au-limoges-csp_13817768/ <nowiki>Le Dragon Giannakis n’a pas soufflé le show au Limoges CSP {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Ƙwallon Kwando na EuroLeague ya zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 na EuroLeague, a cikin rabin ƙarni da ya gabata. A shekarar 2018, an nada shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon kwando 101 na Turai. A shekarar 2021, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na FIBA . A shekarar 2022, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka . A matsayinsa na Janar na ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando a ƙungiyar a Girka, tare da Ionikos Nikaias . Bayan haka, ya fara komawa ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, inda ya shafe mafi mahimmancin aikinsa na ƙwararre. A Tasalonika, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar "The Yellows" (Aris) zuwa wasanni uku a jere na EuroLeague Final Four tsakanin 1988 da 1990, da kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta FIBA (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Saporta Cup) a 1993 . A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1993, an mayar da shi kulob din Panionios Athens na Girka, kuma daga ƙarshe shekara guda bayan haka, zuwa kulob din Panathinaikos Athens na Girka, wanda ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da shi a shekarar 1996 . Giannakis, tare da Nikos Galis, [[Panagiotis Fasoulas]], da Fanis Christodoulou, ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurari huɗu na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 waɗanda suka sanya Girka a taswirar ƙwallon kwando ta duniya. Shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Girka, lokacin da suka lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987, kuma sun lashe lambar azurfa a wannan gasar shekaru biyu bayan haka . Bugu da ƙari, Giannakis ya kasance muhimmin memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka, lokacin da suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket a shekarun 1993 da 1995, da kuma wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA a shekarar 1994 . Bayan kammala aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis shine babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Athenian, Maroussi Athens, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa sahun gaba a gasar Girka . Giannakis shi ne kuma babban kocin ƙungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka, wadda ta jagoranci gasar EuroLeague ta 2010, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka . A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Giannakis, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005, da kuma lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 da aka yi a Japan, inda Girka ta doke ƙungiyar Amurka, da ci 101-95. Ya kuma kasance babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . == Shekarun farko == An haifi Giannakis kuma ya girma a wata unguwa mai talauci a Nikaia, [[Athens]] . Mahaifinsa Dimitris, wanda aka haife shi daga Asiya Minor, kuma yana da shagon babura; mahaifiyarsa Kalliope, [[Saƙa|mai saka ce]] . Giannakis shine ƙarami a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. <ref name="Oasis magazine bio">{{Cite web |last=Bekas |first=Sotiris |script-title=el:Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης - Αγωνιστής με πελώρια καρδιά |url=http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612040422/http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2011 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=.oasisfm.gr |language=el}}</ref> Giannakis ya fara buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa a unguwarsu. Ya nuna sha'awar wasanni tun da wuri, kuma ya gwada wasannin [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] . Ya fara kallon wasannin wata ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta yankin, kuma daga baya babban kocin ƙungiyar matasan Ionikos Nikaias ya same shi, wanda ya roƙe shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsu. == Sana'ar buga ƙwallon kulob == === Ionikos Nikaias === Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na kulob tare da matasan ƙungiyar Ionikos Nikaias, a shekarar 1971. Kocinsa na farko, [[George Vassilakopoulos]], ya ɗauki Giannakis zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta manyan 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyar, daga ƙungiyar matasa, a shekarar 1972, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13 kacal. Kungiyar tana wasa a rukunin 'yan wasa na biyu na Girka a lokacin. A shekarar 1975, an ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa babban rukuni na ƙungiyar Girka ta farko . Wasan Giannakis mai ban mamaki da Ionikos Nikaias, a lokacin yana ƙarami, ya jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallon kwando a kansa. A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1981, Ionikos Nikaias, karkashin jagorancin wani ɗan shekara 22 mai suna Giannakis, ya buga wasa da Aris Thessaloniki, wanda Nikos Galis ya jagoranta. Aris ya yi nasara a wasan da aka buga mai wahala, da ci 114–113. Wasan abin tunawa ne a tarihin ƙwallon kwando na ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta Girka, domin a wasan, Giannakis ya zira kwallaye 73, kuma Galis ya zira kwallaye 62, yayin da suka sami maki na biyu da na huɗu mafi yawa da aka taɓa zira kwallaye a wasa ɗaya tilo na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka. === Boston Celtics === A shekarar 1981, kocin ƙwallon kwando na Amurka Dick Dukeshire, wanda ya horar da Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan ƙasar Girka, ya nemi Giannakis ya koma Amurka, don buga ƙwallon kwando a Kwalejin Hellenic . Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa Giannakis ya isa ya buga wasa a [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] . A wancan lokacin, 'yan Boston Celtics sun yi amfani da kayan aikin harabar Kwalejin Hellenic da ke Brookline, Massachusetts, don sansanin horo da kuma ayyukansu. Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa idan Giannakis yana horo tare da ƙungiyar makarantar a lokaci guda da Celtics ɗin, to yana da damar shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan Celtics. Daga ƙarshe Giannakis ya amince ya koma Amurka, kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar Hellenic College Owls. A lokacin da yake horo a Kwalejin Hellenic, Celtics sun lura da Giannakis, kuma suka gayyace shi ya shiga sansanin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar a shekarar 1981. Duk da haka, a lokacin horon bazara, Giannakis ya sami rauni a gwiwa wanda ke barazanar aikinsa wanda ya buƙaci tiyatar gwiwa da yawa, <ref>[https://www.contra.gr/synentefxeis/otan-o-panagiotis-giannakis-gkremise-ta-dentra-tis-sovietikis-enosis.7460340.html <nowiki>Όταν ο Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης γκρέμισε τα 'δέντρα' της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> da kuma lokaci mai tsawo na gyaran jiki. A lokacin tiyatar gwiwa, likitan tiyatar da ke yin aikin ya yanke shawarar cewa dole ne a cire ACL na Giannakis daga gwiwarsa. Likitan da ya yi wa tiyatar ya gaya wa Giannakis cewa bai yi tsammanin zai yiwu ya sake buga ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru ba. <ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/life-style/article/1086048/panagiotis-giannakis-to-basket-o-traumatismos-o-galis-kai-ta-38-hronia-gamou <nowiki>Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης: Το μπάσκετ, ο τραυματισμός, ο Γκάλης και τα 38 χρόνια γάμου {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Duk da haka, bayan ya murmure daga tiyatar da aka yi masa a gwiwa, Giannakis ya sami matsakaicin maki 25 a kowane wasa tare da Hellenic College Owls, a kakar wasa ta 1981-82. Bayan haka, Giannakis ya koma Girka, inda ya kammala kakar wasa ta '81–'82 tare da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Ionikos Nikaias, domin ya taimaka musu su guji faɗuwa daga gasar zakarun Girka, wato Greek Basket League . A ƙarshe dai Boston Celtics ta zaɓi Giannakis, a zagaye na 9 na zaɓen NBA na 1982, inda aka zaɓi ɗan wasa na 205. Daga nan Giannakis ya shiga sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙungiyar na kakar wasa ta 1982-83 . Kimanin mako guda kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Celtics sun yi ciniki da Dave Cowens na tsakiya zuwa Milwaukee Bucks, a madadin Quinn Buckner mai tsaron baya, kuma saboda haka, ba su sake buƙatar wani mai tsaron baya ba. Daga nan sai Celtics ta nemi Giannakis ya shiga ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta CBA, a matsayin hanyar gwada yadda zai iya daidaitawa da salon wasan ƙwallon kwando na Amurka, tare da damar samun kwangilar NBA tare da babbar ƙungiyar daga baya. Duk da haka, Giannakis ya ƙi tayin, ya koma Girka, inda zai buga wasa har tsawon rayuwarsa. <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/ο-γιαννάκης-και-οι-μπόστον-σέλτικς-photos/ <nowiki>Ο Γιαννάκης και οι… Μπόστον Σέλτικς! (photos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.sportstonoto.gr/p-giannakis-to-1981-piga-stoys-boston-celtics-video/ <nowiki>Π. Γιαννάκης: Το 1981 πήγα σε Boston Celtics – Στεναχωριόμουν που ο Γκάλης δεν ήταν το ίδιο ομαδικός” (videos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> === Aris Tasaloniki === A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1984, Giannakis ya koma ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, bayan da ƙungiyar ta biya Ionikos Nikaias kuɗin kwangilar canja wuri don haƙƙin ɗan wasansa, a cikin adadin Drachmas miliyan 42 na Girka, <ref>[http://www.sport24.gr/Basket/ElladaBasket/EthnikiBasket/seismos-sthn-thessalonikh-o-giannakhs-ston-arh.4791726.html <nowiki>"Σεισμός στην Θεσσαλονίκη, ο Γιαννάκης στον Άρη" {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban kuɗi don siyan canja wuri a wancan lokacin. Giannakis shi ma ya sami motar [[BMW]], shagon kayan wasanni, da kuma kyautar dala miliyan 8 daga Aris. Tare da Aris, Giannakis ya haɗu da Nikos Galis, don samar da rabin ƙungiyar "tag-team" mai tarihi, wadda ta mamaye ƙwallon kwando ta Girka da Turai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Daga ranar 6 ga Maris 1985, zuwa 5 ga Nuwamba 1988, 'yan wasan baya na Galis da Giannakis, sun jagoranci Aris Thessaloniki zuwa wasanni 80 da suka yi nasara a jere a gasar Girka. <ref>[http://www.esake.gr/el/67DB798E <nowiki>Η επανάληψη στη Ν. Σμύρνη και το αήττητο σερί του Άρη {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.foxbet.gr/277418/late-sout-kartes-dokaria-faoul-korner-ta-panta-ola <nowiki>Οι 80 σερί νίκες του «αυτοκράτορα» {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/αυτοκράτορας-80-σερί-νικών-αήττητος-για/ <nowiki>Αυτοκράτορας 80 σερί νικών, αήττητος για 44 μήνες! Σαν σήμερα 31 χρόνια πριν ξεκινούσε το μεγαλύτερο σερί στην ιστορία της Α1! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/istoria/36032/to-aionio-rekor-tou-80-0 <nowiki>Το… αιώνιο ρεκόρ του 80-0!!! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/afieroma/67406/o-aytokratoras-aris-kai-to-aittito-seri-ton-44-minon <nowiki>Ο Αυτοκράτορας ΑΡΗΣ και το αήττητο σερί των 44 μηνών {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Kakar wasa ta farko ta Giannakis tare da Aris Thessaloniki, kakar wasa ta 1984-85, ta kasance babbar nasara. Ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka da kuma gasar cin kofin Girka . A wasan ƙarshe na ƙarshe, Giannakis ya yi maki uku cikin 12, kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara a kan Panathinaikos Athens . Kuma wannan shine farkon, yayin da za a sake lashe gasar zakarun Girka shida a jere, da kuma wasu kofuna biyar na gasar Girka tare da Aris. Tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis shi ma ya shiga gasar cin kofin EuroLeague sau uku a jere. Ya buga wasa a gasar Ghent Final Four ta 1988, a gasar Munich Final Four ta 1989, da kuma gasar Zaragoza Final Four ta 1990 . Aris Thessloniki ya shiga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na Turai a wancan lokacin, amma Giannakis da ƙungiyarsa ba su sami lambar yabo ta Turai ba sai bayan shekaru kaɗan. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] jfv42m5h40etsay0jb6wq58c0c8gc6m 887679 887674 2026-07-26T13:26:30Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317112292|Panagiotis Giannakis]]" 887679 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Panagiotis''' " '''Notis''' " '''Giannakis''' ( Greek ,{{IPA|el|panaˈʝotis ʝaˈnacis|pron}} ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1959), wanda aka rubuta shi a madadin '''Panayiotis Yiannakis''' ko '''Yannakis''', tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne kuma kocin Girka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a Girka. Ya fara aikinsa na babban aji yana da shekaru 13 kacal a Ionikos Nikaias, kuma bayan nasarar da aka samu, ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki a matsayin ɗan wasa tare da Aris Thessaloniki daga 1984 zuwa 1993, tare da haɗin gwiwar babban tauraron ƙwallon kwando na Girka Nikos Galis, yayin da ya sami nasara a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987 a Athens, nasarar farko ta babban gasa a Girka a wasannin da ba na Olympics ba, tare da nasarar Aris mai ban mamaki, ta haɓaka wasan a ƙasar. A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da Panathinaikos a shekarar 1996 . A matsayinsa na babban koci, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa ga kofin Turai na biyu a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005 a Serbia da Montenegro, inda ƙungiyar taurari masu hazaka suka haskaka sosai a ƙarƙashin kulawar Giannakis. Zai maimaita nasarar a shekara mai zuwa, inda ya lashe lambar azurfa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 a Japan, inda ƙungiyar ta fi samun nasara a kan taurarin Amurka na [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, wanda zai zama rashin nasara na ƙarshe da USMNBT za ta yi a gasar har zuwa 2019. Duk da haka, babbar abokiyar hamayyar Girka, Spain, za ta kayar da ƙungiyar Giannakis a wasan ƙarshe, kamar yadda za ta sake yi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket na 2007 . A wajen ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, ya horar da ƙungiyoyin Girka kamar Aris, inda ya fi samun nasara a matsayin ɗan wasa, Olympiacos, inda ya sami sabon nasara, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta ƙasar China . A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, galibi mai tsaron raga ne, amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron raga . A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis ya shahara sosai a ƙarƙashin laƙabinsa na " '''''O Drákos''''' " ( {{Lang|el|Ο Δράκος}} ), ko kuma " '''The Dragon''' " a [[Turanci]] . <ref>[https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/basket/jeep-elite2/actualites/giannakis-un-dragon-pret-a-tout-croquer-587409 <nowiki>GIANNAKIS, UN «DRAGON» PRÊT À TOUT CROQUER {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/sports/le-dragon-giannakis-na-pas-souffle-le-show-au-limoges-csp_13817768/ <nowiki>Le Dragon Giannakis n’a pas soufflé le show au Limoges CSP {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Ƙwallon Kwando na EuroLeague ya zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 na EuroLeague, a cikin rabin ƙarni da ya gabata. A shekarar 2018, an nada shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon kwando 101 na Turai. A shekarar 2021, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na FIBA . A shekarar 2022, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka . A matsayinsa na Janar na ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando a ƙungiyar a Girka, tare da Ionikos Nikaias . Bayan haka, ya fara komawa ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, inda ya shafe mafi mahimmancin aikinsa na ƙwararre. A Tasalonika, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar "The Yellows" (Aris) zuwa wasanni uku a jere na EuroLeague Final Four tsakanin 1988 da 1990, da kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta FIBA (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Saporta Cup) a 1993 . A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1993, an mayar da shi kulob din Panionios Athens na Girka, kuma daga ƙarshe shekara guda bayan haka, zuwa kulob din Panathinaikos Athens na Girka, wanda ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da shi a shekarar 1996 . Giannakis, tare da Nikos Galis, [[Panagiotis Fasoulas]], da Fanis Christodoulou, ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurari huɗu na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 waɗanda suka sanya Girka a taswirar ƙwallon kwando ta duniya. Shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Girka, lokacin da suka lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987, kuma sun lashe lambar azurfa a wannan gasar shekaru biyu bayan haka . Bugu da ƙari, Giannakis ya kasance muhimmin memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka, lokacin da suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket a shekarun 1993 da 1995, da kuma wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA a shekarar 1994 . Bayan kammala aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis shine babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Athenian, Maroussi Athens, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa sahun gaba a gasar Girka . Giannakis shi ne kuma babban kocin ƙungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka, wadda ta jagoranci gasar EuroLeague ta 2010, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka . A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Giannakis, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005, da kuma lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 da aka yi a Japan, inda Girka ta doke ƙungiyar Amurka, da ci 101-95. Ya kuma kasance babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . == Shekarun farko == An haifi Giannakis kuma ya girma a wata unguwa mai talauci a Nikaia, [[Athens]] . Mahaifinsa Dimitris, wanda aka haife shi daga Asiya Minor, kuma yana da shagon babura; mahaifiyarsa Kalliope, [[Saƙa|mai saka ce]] . Giannakis shine ƙarami a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. <ref name="Oasis magazine bio">{{Cite web |last=Bekas |first=Sotiris |script-title=el:Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης - Αγωνιστής με πελώρια καρδιά |url=http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612040422/http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2011 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=.oasisfm.gr |language=el}}</ref> Giannakis ya fara buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa a unguwarsu. Ya nuna sha'awar wasanni tun da wuri, kuma ya gwada wasannin [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] . Ya fara kallon wasannin wata ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta yankin, kuma daga baya babban kocin ƙungiyar matasan Ionikos Nikaias ya same shi, wanda ya roƙe shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsu. == Sana'ar buga ƙwallon kulob == === Ionikos Nikaias === Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na kulob tare da matasan ƙungiyar Ionikos Nikaias, a shekarar 1971. Kocinsa na farko, [[George Vassilakopoulos]], ya ɗauki Giannakis zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta manyan 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyar, daga ƙungiyar matasa, a shekarar 1972, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13 kacal. Kungiyar tana wasa a rukunin 'yan wasa na biyu na Girka a lokacin. A shekarar 1975, an ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa babban rukuni na ƙungiyar Girka ta farko . Wasan Giannakis mai ban mamaki da Ionikos Nikaias, a lokacin yana ƙarami, ya jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallon kwando a kansa. A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1981, Ionikos Nikaias, karkashin jagorancin wani ɗan shekara 22 mai suna Giannakis, ya buga wasa da Aris Thessaloniki, wanda Nikos Galis ya jagoranta. Aris ya yi nasara a wasan da aka buga mai wahala, da ci 114–113. Wasan abin tunawa ne a tarihin ƙwallon kwando na ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta Girka, domin a wasan, Giannakis ya zira kwallaye 73, kuma Galis ya zira kwallaye 62, yayin da suka sami maki na biyu da na huɗu mafi yawa da aka taɓa zira kwallaye a wasa ɗaya tilo na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka. === Boston Celtics === A shekarar 1981, kocin ƙwallon kwando na Amurka Dick Dukeshire, wanda ya horar da Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan ƙasar Girka, ya nemi Giannakis ya koma Amurka, don buga ƙwallon kwando a Kwalejin Hellenic . Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa Giannakis ya isa ya buga wasa a [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] . A wancan lokacin, 'yan Boston Celtics sun yi amfani da kayan aikin harabar Kwalejin Hellenic da ke Brookline, Massachusetts, don sansanin horo da kuma ayyukansu. Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa idan Giannakis yana horo tare da ƙungiyar makarantar a lokaci guda da Celtics ɗin, to yana da damar shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan Celtics. Daga ƙarshe Giannakis ya amince ya koma Amurka, kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar Hellenic College Owls. A lokacin da yake horo a Kwalejin Hellenic, Celtics sun lura da Giannakis, kuma suka gayyace shi ya shiga sansanin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar a shekarar 1981. Duk da haka, a lokacin horon bazara, Giannakis ya sami rauni a gwiwa wanda ke barazanar aikinsa wanda ya buƙaci tiyatar gwiwa da yawa, <ref>[https://www.contra.gr/synentefxeis/otan-o-panagiotis-giannakis-gkremise-ta-dentra-tis-sovietikis-enosis.7460340.html <nowiki>Όταν ο Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης γκρέμισε τα 'δέντρα' της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> da kuma lokaci mai tsawo na gyaran jiki. A lokacin tiyatar gwiwa, likitan tiyatar da ke yin aikin ya yanke shawarar cewa dole ne a cire ACL na Giannakis daga gwiwarsa. Likitan da ya yi wa tiyatar ya gaya wa Giannakis cewa bai yi tsammanin zai yiwu ya sake buga ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru ba. <ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/life-style/article/1086048/panagiotis-giannakis-to-basket-o-traumatismos-o-galis-kai-ta-38-hronia-gamou <nowiki>Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης: Το μπάσκετ, ο τραυματισμός, ο Γκάλης και τα 38 χρόνια γάμου {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Duk da haka, bayan ya murmure daga tiyatar da aka yi masa a gwiwa, Giannakis ya sami matsakaicin maki 25 a kowane wasa tare da Hellenic College Owls, a kakar wasa ta 1981-82. Bayan haka, Giannakis ya koma Girka, inda ya kammala kakar wasa ta '81–'82 tare da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Ionikos Nikaias, domin ya taimaka musu su guji faɗuwa daga gasar zakarun Girka, wato Greek Basket League . A ƙarshe dai Boston Celtics ta zaɓi Giannakis, a zagaye na 9 na zaɓen NBA na 1982, inda aka zaɓi ɗan wasa na 205. Daga nan Giannakis ya shiga sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙungiyar na kakar wasa ta 1982-83 . Kimanin mako guda kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Celtics sun yi ciniki da Dave Cowens na tsakiya zuwa Milwaukee Bucks, a madadin Quinn Buckner mai tsaron baya, kuma saboda haka, ba su sake buƙatar wani mai tsaron baya ba. Daga nan sai Celtics ta nemi Giannakis ya shiga ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta CBA, a matsayin hanyar gwada yadda zai iya daidaitawa da salon wasan ƙwallon kwando na Amurka, tare da damar samun kwangilar NBA tare da babbar ƙungiyar daga baya. Duk da haka, Giannakis ya ƙi tayin, ya koma Girka, inda zai buga wasa har tsawon rayuwarsa. <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/ο-γιαννάκης-και-οι-μπόστον-σέλτικς-photos/ <nowiki>Ο Γιαννάκης και οι… Μπόστον Σέλτικς! (photos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.sportstonoto.gr/p-giannakis-to-1981-piga-stoys-boston-celtics-video/ <nowiki>Π. Γιαννάκης: Το 1981 πήγα σε Boston Celtics – Στεναχωριόμουν που ο Γκάλης δεν ήταν το ίδιο ομαδικός” (videos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> === Aris Tasaloniki === A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1984, Giannakis ya koma ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, bayan da ƙungiyar ta biya Ionikos Nikaias kuɗin kwangilar canja wuri don haƙƙin ɗan wasansa, a cikin adadin Drachmas miliyan 42 na Girka, <ref>[http://www.sport24.gr/Basket/ElladaBasket/EthnikiBasket/seismos-sthn-thessalonikh-o-giannakhs-ston-arh.4791726.html <nowiki>"Σεισμός στην Θεσσαλονίκη, ο Γιαννάκης στον Άρη" {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban kuɗi don siyan canja wuri a wancan lokacin. Giannakis shi ma ya sami motar [[BMW]], shagon kayan wasanni, da kuma kyautar dala miliyan 8 daga Aris. Tare da Aris, Giannakis ya haɗu da Nikos Galis, don samar da rabin ƙungiyar "tag-team" mai tarihi, wadda ta mamaye ƙwallon kwando ta Girka da Turai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Daga ranar 6 ga Maris 1985, zuwa 5 ga Nuwamba 1988, 'yan wasan baya na Galis da Giannakis, sun jagoranci Aris Thessaloniki zuwa wasanni 80 da suka yi nasara a jere a gasar Girka. <ref>[http://www.esake.gr/el/67DB798E <nowiki>Η επανάληψη στη Ν. Σμύρνη και το αήττητο σερί του Άρη {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.foxbet.gr/277418/late-sout-kartes-dokaria-faoul-korner-ta-panta-ola <nowiki>Οι 80 σερί νίκες του «αυτοκράτορα» {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/αυτοκράτορας-80-σερί-νικών-αήττητος-για/ <nowiki>Αυτοκράτορας 80 σερί νικών, αήττητος για 44 μήνες! Σαν σήμερα 31 χρόνια πριν ξεκινούσε το μεγαλύτερο σερί στην ιστορία της Α1! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/istoria/36032/to-aionio-rekor-tou-80-0 <nowiki>Το… αιώνιο ρεκόρ του 80-0!!! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/afieroma/67406/o-aytokratoras-aris-kai-to-aittito-seri-ton-44-minon <nowiki>Ο Αυτοκράτορας ΑΡΗΣ και το αήττητο σερί των 44 μηνών {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Kakar wasa ta farko ta Giannakis tare da Aris Thessaloniki, kakar wasa ta 1984-85, ta kasance babbar nasara. Ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka da kuma gasar cin kofin Girka . A wasan ƙarshe na ƙarshe, Giannakis ya yi maki uku cikin 12, kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara a kan Panathinaikos Athens . Kuma wannan shine farkon, yayin da za a sake lashe gasar zakarun Girka shida a jere, da kuma wasu kofuna biyar na gasar Girka tare da Aris. Tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis shi ma ya shiga gasar cin kofin EuroLeague sau uku a jere. Ya buga wasa a gasar Ghent Final Four ta 1988, a gasar Munich Final Four ta 1989, da kuma gasar Zaragoza Final Four ta 1990 . Aris Thessloniki ya shiga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na Turai a wancan lokacin, amma Giannakis da ƙungiyarsa ba su sami lambar yabo ta Turai ba sai bayan shekaru kaɗan. A watan Yunin 1991, an zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Balkans waɗanda suka buga wasa da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Turai, a gasar Fiba ta Shekarar 1991 . An gudanar da taron FIBA Jubilee na shekarar 1991 domin tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da kafa wasannin kwallon kwando a shekarar 1891, wanda wani dan kasar Canada James Naismith ya jagoranta. Wasan FIBA Jubilee All-Star ya gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka, kuma ya haɗa da tatsuniyoyi da yawa na ƙwallon kwando na Turai. Ƙungiyar All-Stars ta Balkans ta yi nasara a wasan, da ci 103–102. A kakar wasa ta 1992-93, Aris da Giannakis sun lashe gasar cin kofin FIBA na matakin sakandare a Turai, wanda daga baya aka san shi da gasar FIBA Saporta. Aris ta doke ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya Efes Istanbul da ci 50-48 a wasan ƙarshe, wanda aka gudanar a [[Torino|Turin]] . A lokacin, Nikos Galis ya riga ya bar Aris Thessaloniki, ya koma Panathinaikos Athens, kuma Giannakis ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Aris kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. === Panionios Athens === A shekarar 1993, bayan ya shafe shekaru tara tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis ya koma kulob din Girka na Panionios Athens . Tare da Panionios Athens, ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.6, taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye 3.3, da kuma satar kwallo 1.4 a kowane wasa, a kakar wasa ta 1993-94 ta gasar Girka Basket League. A wannan kakar wasa, ya kuma fafata da kulob din a gasar mataki na uku ta Turai, wato FIBA Korać Cup . A lokacin kakar Korać Cup, ya samu matsakaicin maki 17.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.7, taimakawa wajen taimakawa 3.4, da kuma satar 2.0 a kowane wasa. === Panathinaikos Athens === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] 21q8alsi498486ibofutgs7yzb0eheh 887683 887679 2026-07-26T13:27:30Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317112292|Panagiotis Giannakis]]" 887683 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Panagiotis''' " '''Notis''' " '''Giannakis''' ( Greek ,{{IPA|el|panaˈʝotis ʝaˈnacis|pron}} ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1959), wanda aka rubuta shi a madadin '''Panayiotis Yiannakis''' ko '''Yannakis''', tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne kuma kocin Girka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a Girka. Ya fara aikinsa na babban aji yana da shekaru 13 kacal a Ionikos Nikaias, kuma bayan nasarar da aka samu, ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki a matsayin ɗan wasa tare da Aris Thessaloniki daga 1984 zuwa 1993, tare da haɗin gwiwar babban tauraron ƙwallon kwando na Girka Nikos Galis, yayin da ya sami nasara a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987 a Athens, nasarar farko ta babban gasa a Girka a wasannin da ba na Olympics ba, tare da nasarar Aris mai ban mamaki, ta haɓaka wasan a ƙasar. A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da Panathinaikos a shekarar 1996 . A matsayinsa na babban koci, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa ga kofin Turai na biyu a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005 a Serbia da Montenegro, inda ƙungiyar taurari masu hazaka suka haskaka sosai a ƙarƙashin kulawar Giannakis. Zai maimaita nasarar a shekara mai zuwa, inda ya lashe lambar azurfa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 a Japan, inda ƙungiyar ta fi samun nasara a kan taurarin Amurka na [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, wanda zai zama rashin nasara na ƙarshe da USMNBT za ta yi a gasar har zuwa 2019. Duk da haka, babbar abokiyar hamayyar Girka, Spain, za ta kayar da ƙungiyar Giannakis a wasan ƙarshe, kamar yadda za ta sake yi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket na 2007 . A wajen ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, ya horar da ƙungiyoyin Girka kamar Aris, inda ya fi samun nasara a matsayin ɗan wasa, Olympiacos, inda ya sami sabon nasara, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta ƙasar China . A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, galibi mai tsaron raga ne, amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron raga . A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis ya shahara sosai a ƙarƙashin laƙabinsa na " '''''O Drákos''''' " ( {{Lang|el|Ο Δράκος}} ), ko kuma " '''The Dragon''' " a [[Turanci]] . <ref>[https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/basket/jeep-elite2/actualites/giannakis-un-dragon-pret-a-tout-croquer-587409 <nowiki>GIANNAKIS, UN «DRAGON» PRÊT À TOUT CROQUER {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/sports/le-dragon-giannakis-na-pas-souffle-le-show-au-limoges-csp_13817768/ <nowiki>Le Dragon Giannakis n’a pas soufflé le show au Limoges CSP {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Ƙwallon Kwando na EuroLeague ya zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 na EuroLeague, a cikin rabin ƙarni da ya gabata. A shekarar 2018, an nada shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon kwando 101 na Turai. A shekarar 2021, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na FIBA . A shekarar 2022, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka . A matsayinsa na Janar na ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando a ƙungiyar a Girka, tare da Ionikos Nikaias . Bayan haka, ya fara komawa ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, inda ya shafe mafi mahimmancin aikinsa na ƙwararre. A Tasalonika, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar "The Yellows" (Aris) zuwa wasanni uku a jere na EuroLeague Final Four tsakanin 1988 da 1990, da kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta FIBA (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Saporta Cup) a 1993 . A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1993, an mayar da shi kulob din Panionios Athens na Girka, kuma daga ƙarshe shekara guda bayan haka, zuwa kulob din Panathinaikos Athens na Girka, wanda ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da shi a shekarar 1996 . Giannakis, tare da Nikos Galis, [[Panagiotis Fasoulas]], da Fanis Christodoulou, ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurari huɗu na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 waɗanda suka sanya Girka a taswirar ƙwallon kwando ta duniya. Shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Girka, lokacin da suka lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987, kuma sun lashe lambar azurfa a wannan gasar shekaru biyu bayan haka . Bugu da ƙari, Giannakis ya kasance muhimmin memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka, lokacin da suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket a shekarun 1993 da 1995, da kuma wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA a shekarar 1994 . Bayan kammala aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis shine babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Athenian, Maroussi Athens, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa sahun gaba a gasar Girka . Giannakis shi ne kuma babban kocin ƙungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka, wadda ta jagoranci gasar EuroLeague ta 2010, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka . A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Giannakis, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005, da kuma lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 da aka yi a Japan, inda Girka ta doke ƙungiyar Amurka, da ci 101-95. Ya kuma kasance babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . == Shekarun farko == An haifi Giannakis kuma ya girma a wata unguwa mai talauci a Nikaia, [[Athens]] . Mahaifinsa Dimitris, wanda aka haife shi daga Asiya Minor, kuma yana da shagon babura; mahaifiyarsa Kalliope, [[Saƙa|mai saka ce]] . Giannakis shine ƙarami a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. <ref name="Oasis magazine bio">{{Cite web |last=Bekas |first=Sotiris |script-title=el:Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης - Αγωνιστής με πελώρια καρδιά |url=http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612040422/http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2011 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=.oasisfm.gr |language=el}}</ref> Giannakis ya fara buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa a unguwarsu. Ya nuna sha'awar wasanni tun da wuri, kuma ya gwada wasannin [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] . Ya fara kallon wasannin wata ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta yankin, kuma daga baya babban kocin ƙungiyar matasan Ionikos Nikaias ya same shi, wanda ya roƙe shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsu. == Sana'ar buga ƙwallon kulob == === Ionikos Nikaias === Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na kulob tare da matasan ƙungiyar Ionikos Nikaias, a shekarar 1971. Kocinsa na farko, [[George Vassilakopoulos]], ya ɗauki Giannakis zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta manyan 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyar, daga ƙungiyar matasa, a shekarar 1972, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13 kacal. Kungiyar tana wasa a rukunin 'yan wasa na biyu na Girka a lokacin. A shekarar 1975, an ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa babban rukuni na ƙungiyar Girka ta farko . Wasan Giannakis mai ban mamaki da Ionikos Nikaias, a lokacin yana ƙarami, ya jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallon kwando a kansa. A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1981, Ionikos Nikaias, karkashin jagorancin wani ɗan shekara 22 mai suna Giannakis, ya buga wasa da Aris Thessaloniki, wanda Nikos Galis ya jagoranta. Aris ya yi nasara a wasan da aka buga mai wahala, da ci 114–113. Wasan abin tunawa ne a tarihin ƙwallon kwando na ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta Girka, domin a wasan, Giannakis ya zira kwallaye 73, kuma Galis ya zira kwallaye 62, yayin da suka sami maki na biyu da na huɗu mafi yawa da aka taɓa zira kwallaye a wasa ɗaya tilo na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka. === Boston Celtics === A shekarar 1981, kocin ƙwallon kwando na Amurka Dick Dukeshire, wanda ya horar da Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan ƙasar Girka, ya nemi Giannakis ya koma Amurka, don buga ƙwallon kwando a Kwalejin Hellenic . Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa Giannakis ya isa ya buga wasa a [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] . A wancan lokacin, 'yan Boston Celtics sun yi amfani da kayan aikin harabar Kwalejin Hellenic da ke Brookline, Massachusetts, don sansanin horo da kuma ayyukansu. Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa idan Giannakis yana horo tare da ƙungiyar makarantar a lokaci guda da Celtics ɗin, to yana da damar shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan Celtics. Daga ƙarshe Giannakis ya amince ya koma Amurka, kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar Hellenic College Owls. A lokacin da yake horo a Kwalejin Hellenic, Celtics sun lura da Giannakis, kuma suka gayyace shi ya shiga sansanin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar a shekarar 1981. Duk da haka, a lokacin horon bazara, Giannakis ya sami rauni a gwiwa wanda ke barazanar aikinsa wanda ya buƙaci tiyatar gwiwa da yawa, <ref>[https://www.contra.gr/synentefxeis/otan-o-panagiotis-giannakis-gkremise-ta-dentra-tis-sovietikis-enosis.7460340.html <nowiki>Όταν ο Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης γκρέμισε τα 'δέντρα' της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> da kuma lokaci mai tsawo na gyaran jiki. A lokacin tiyatar gwiwa, likitan tiyatar da ke yin aikin ya yanke shawarar cewa dole ne a cire ACL na Giannakis daga gwiwarsa. Likitan da ya yi wa tiyatar ya gaya wa Giannakis cewa bai yi tsammanin zai yiwu ya sake buga ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru ba. <ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/life-style/article/1086048/panagiotis-giannakis-to-basket-o-traumatismos-o-galis-kai-ta-38-hronia-gamou <nowiki>Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης: Το μπάσκετ, ο τραυματισμός, ο Γκάλης και τα 38 χρόνια γάμου {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Duk da haka, bayan ya murmure daga tiyatar da aka yi masa a gwiwa, Giannakis ya sami matsakaicin maki 25 a kowane wasa tare da Hellenic College Owls, a kakar wasa ta 1981-82. Bayan haka, Giannakis ya koma Girka, inda ya kammala kakar wasa ta '81–'82 tare da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Ionikos Nikaias, domin ya taimaka musu su guji faɗuwa daga gasar zakarun Girka, wato Greek Basket League . A ƙarshe dai Boston Celtics ta zaɓi Giannakis, a zagaye na 9 na zaɓen NBA na 1982, inda aka zaɓi ɗan wasa na 205. Daga nan Giannakis ya shiga sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙungiyar na kakar wasa ta 1982-83 . Kimanin mako guda kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Celtics sun yi ciniki da Dave Cowens na tsakiya zuwa Milwaukee Bucks, a madadin Quinn Buckner mai tsaron baya, kuma saboda haka, ba su sake buƙatar wani mai tsaron baya ba. Daga nan sai Celtics ta nemi Giannakis ya shiga ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta CBA, a matsayin hanyar gwada yadda zai iya daidaitawa da salon wasan ƙwallon kwando na Amurka, tare da damar samun kwangilar NBA tare da babbar ƙungiyar daga baya. Duk da haka, Giannakis ya ƙi tayin, ya koma Girka, inda zai buga wasa har tsawon rayuwarsa. <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/ο-γιαννάκης-και-οι-μπόστον-σέλτικς-photos/ <nowiki>Ο Γιαννάκης και οι… Μπόστον Σέλτικς! (photos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.sportstonoto.gr/p-giannakis-to-1981-piga-stoys-boston-celtics-video/ <nowiki>Π. Γιαννάκης: Το 1981 πήγα σε Boston Celtics – Στεναχωριόμουν που ο Γκάλης δεν ήταν το ίδιο ομαδικός” (videos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> === Aris Tasaloniki === A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1984, Giannakis ya koma ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, bayan da ƙungiyar ta biya Ionikos Nikaias kuɗin kwangilar canja wuri don haƙƙin ɗan wasansa, a cikin adadin Drachmas miliyan 42 na Girka, <ref>[http://www.sport24.gr/Basket/ElladaBasket/EthnikiBasket/seismos-sthn-thessalonikh-o-giannakhs-ston-arh.4791726.html <nowiki>"Σεισμός στην Θεσσαλονίκη, ο Γιαννάκης στον Άρη" {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban kuɗi don siyan canja wuri a wancan lokacin. Giannakis shi ma ya sami motar [[BMW]], shagon kayan wasanni, da kuma kyautar dala miliyan 8 daga Aris. Tare da Aris, Giannakis ya haɗu da Nikos Galis, don samar da rabin ƙungiyar "tag-team" mai tarihi, wadda ta mamaye ƙwallon kwando ta Girka da Turai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Daga ranar 6 ga Maris 1985, zuwa 5 ga Nuwamba 1988, 'yan wasan baya na Galis da Giannakis, sun jagoranci Aris Thessaloniki zuwa wasanni 80 da suka yi nasara a jere a gasar Girka. <ref>[http://www.esake.gr/el/67DB798E <nowiki>Η επανάληψη στη Ν. Σμύρνη και το αήττητο σερί του Άρη {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.foxbet.gr/277418/late-sout-kartes-dokaria-faoul-korner-ta-panta-ola <nowiki>Οι 80 σερί νίκες του «αυτοκράτορα» {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/αυτοκράτορας-80-σερί-νικών-αήττητος-για/ <nowiki>Αυτοκράτορας 80 σερί νικών, αήττητος για 44 μήνες! Σαν σήμερα 31 χρόνια πριν ξεκινούσε το μεγαλύτερο σερί στην ιστορία της Α1! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/istoria/36032/to-aionio-rekor-tou-80-0 <nowiki>Το… αιώνιο ρεκόρ του 80-0!!! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/afieroma/67406/o-aytokratoras-aris-kai-to-aittito-seri-ton-44-minon <nowiki>Ο Αυτοκράτορας ΑΡΗΣ και το αήττητο σερί των 44 μηνών {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Kakar wasa ta farko ta Giannakis tare da Aris Thessaloniki, kakar wasa ta 1984-85, ta kasance babbar nasara. Ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka da kuma gasar cin kofin Girka . A wasan ƙarshe na ƙarshe, Giannakis ya yi maki uku cikin 12, kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara a kan Panathinaikos Athens . Kuma wannan shine farkon, yayin da za a sake lashe gasar zakarun Girka shida a jere, da kuma wasu kofuna biyar na gasar Girka tare da Aris. Tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis shi ma ya shiga gasar cin kofin EuroLeague sau uku a jere. Ya buga wasa a gasar Ghent Final Four ta 1988, a gasar Munich Final Four ta 1989, da kuma gasar Zaragoza Final Four ta 1990 . Aris Thessloniki ya shiga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na Turai a wancan lokacin, amma Giannakis da ƙungiyarsa ba su sami lambar yabo ta Turai ba sai bayan shekaru kaɗan. A watan Yunin 1991, an zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Balkans waɗanda suka buga wasa da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Turai, a gasar Fiba ta Shekarar 1991 . An gudanar da taron FIBA Jubilee na shekarar 1991 domin tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da kafa wasannin kwallon kwando a shekarar 1891, wanda wani dan kasar Canada James Naismith ya jagoranta. Wasan FIBA Jubilee All-Star ya gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka, kuma ya haɗa da tatsuniyoyi da yawa na ƙwallon kwando na Turai. Ƙungiyar All-Stars ta Balkans ta yi nasara a wasan, da ci 103–102. A kakar wasa ta 1992-93, Aris da Giannakis sun lashe gasar cin kofin FIBA na matakin sakandare a Turai, wanda daga baya aka san shi da gasar FIBA Saporta. Aris ta doke ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya Efes Istanbul da ci 50-48 a wasan ƙarshe, wanda aka gudanar a [[Torino|Turin]] . A lokacin, Nikos Galis ya riga ya bar Aris Thessaloniki, ya koma Panathinaikos Athens, kuma Giannakis ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Aris kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. === Panionios Athens === A shekarar 1993, bayan ya shafe shekaru tara tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis ya koma kulob din Girka na Panionios Athens . Tare da Panionios Athens, ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.6, taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye 3.3, da kuma satar kwallo 1.4 a kowane wasa, a kakar wasa ta 1993-94 ta gasar Girka Basket League. A wannan kakar wasa, ya kuma fafata da kulob din a gasar mataki na uku ta Turai, wato FIBA Korać Cup . A lokacin kakar Korać Cup, ya samu matsakaicin maki 17.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.7, taimakawa wajen taimakawa 3.4, da kuma satar 2.0 a kowane wasa. === Panathinaikos Athens === Bayan ya shafe kakar wasa daya a Panionios Athens, Giannakis ya koma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Girka ta Panathinaikos Athens, inda ya buga wasa daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Da Panathinaikos Athens ne ya kammala aikinsa na buga wasa a kulob din. Tare da Panathinaikos Athens, Giannakis a ƙarshe ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai mafi girma, FIBA EuroLeague . Panathinaikos da Giannakis sun lashe taken a 1996 Paris Final Four . Ya kuma lashe kofin Girka tare da Panathinaikos Athens a wannan shekarar. Wannan ne karo na bakwai da ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka a rayuwarsa ta wasa, tare da gasar cin kofin Girka guda bakwai da ya lashe. Giannakis ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararren ɗan wasa a ƙungiyar a shekarar 1996. A lokacin da yake buga wasa a kulob, ya fafata a jimillar wasanni biyar na karshe na EuroLeague, yayin da ya buga wasanni uku tare da Aris Thessaloniki, da kuma biyu tare da Panathinaikos Athens. Gabaɗaya, a lokacin aikinsa na ƙwararru a ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya zira jimillar maki 9,291, a wasanni 493 da ya buga a gasar Girka Basket League, inda matsakaicin maki 18.8 ya zira a wasanni ɗaya. A lokacin da yake gasar EuroLeague, ya zira jimillar maki 1,514, a wasanni 119 da ya buga, don matsakaicin maki 12.7 a rayuwarsa a kowane wasa. == Tawagar ƙasa tana buga wasa a matsayinta na mai horarwa == Giannakis ya jagoranci ƙungiyar matasa ta ƙasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta Girka zuwa lashe lambar azurfa a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta 1975 . Shekara guda bayan haka, ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka, yana ɗan shekara 17, a fafatawa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Czechoslovak . Tare da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa na Girka, ya kuma buga wasa a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ta 1976, da kuma gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ta 1978 . Farkon bayyanar Giannakis tare da Girka a babban gasar kasa da kasa ta FIBA, ya kasance a gasar EuroBasket ta 1979 . Ya lashe lambobin zinare a gasar Balkan Championship ta 1979, da kuma a gasar Mediterrenean ta 1979 . Giannakis ya kuma wakilci Girka a Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta Turai ta FIBA ta 1980, EuroBasket ta 1981, EuroBasket ta 1983, Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta Turai ta FIBA ta 1984, da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 1986 . Tare da Girka, ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Balkan Championship ta 1986 . Giannakis shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka wadda ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta shekarar 1987 . Ya kuma buga wasa da Girka a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta FIBA ta Turai a shekarar 1988 . Ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1989, kuma ya wakilci Girka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 1990 . Giannakis ya kuma wakilci Girka a bikin cika shekaru 100 na FIBA na 1991, wanda aka yi don tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da ƙirƙirar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ɗan ƙasar Kanada James Naismith ya yi. Gasar Jubilee ta gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka. A wasanni uku da aka buga a lokacin gasar, Giannakis ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.3 a kowane wasa. Galis ya kuma buga wasa da Girka a manyan gasannin da suka biyo baya: EuroBasket na 1991, Gasar cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta FIBA ta Turai ta 1992, EuroBasket na 1993, Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 1994, da kuma EuroBasket na 1995 . Gianankis ya yi ritaya daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka a matsayin ɗan wasa, a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1996, bayan ya fafata da Girka a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Atlanta ta 1996 . A lokacin da yake wasa da ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka, Giannakis ya halarci gasannin FIBA guda 29 na hukuma, da kuma gasannin ƙasashen duniya guda 40 na hukuma baki ɗaya. Giannakis yana da tarihin da ya fi kowanne a tarihin aikinsa na buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka, inda ya buga wasanni 351. Wannan kuma shine tarihin rayuwar kowace ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai. Haka kuma yana da tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo a tarihin rayuwa inda ya sami jimillar maki da aka ci tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan wasa ta Girka, inda ya samu maki 5,301. Wannan kuma shine tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo a kowace ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Turai. == Aiki a matsayin babban koci == === Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa === ==== Girka ==== Ba kamar yadda aka saba ba, shekara mai zuwa bayan ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa da ƙungiyar maza ta Girka, Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na koyarwa a matsayin babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka, a shekarar 1997. Ya ci gaba da zama babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa matsayi na huɗu a gasar EuroBasket ta 1997, sannan ya zo matsayi na huɗu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 1998 . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fez5j6z7go1scw6ggiqgp2fkl877xgj 887687 887683 2026-07-26T13:28:32Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317112292|Panagiotis Giannakis]]" 887687 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Panagiotis''' " '''Notis''' " '''Giannakis''' ( Greek ,{{IPA|el|panaˈʝotis ʝaˈnacis|pron}} ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1959), wanda aka rubuta shi a madadin '''Panayiotis Yiannakis''' ko '''Yannakis''', tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne kuma kocin Girka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a Girka. Ya fara aikinsa na babban aji yana da shekaru 13 kacal a Ionikos Nikaias, kuma bayan nasarar da aka samu, ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki a matsayin ɗan wasa tare da Aris Thessaloniki daga 1984 zuwa 1993, tare da haɗin gwiwar babban tauraron ƙwallon kwando na Girka Nikos Galis, yayin da ya sami nasara a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987 a Athens, nasarar farko ta babban gasa a Girka a wasannin da ba na Olympics ba, tare da nasarar Aris mai ban mamaki, ta haɓaka wasan a ƙasar. A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da Panathinaikos a shekarar 1996 . A matsayinsa na babban koci, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa ga kofin Turai na biyu a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005 a Serbia da Montenegro, inda ƙungiyar taurari masu hazaka suka haskaka sosai a ƙarƙashin kulawar Giannakis. Zai maimaita nasarar a shekara mai zuwa, inda ya lashe lambar azurfa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 a Japan, inda ƙungiyar ta fi samun nasara a kan taurarin Amurka na [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, wanda zai zama rashin nasara na ƙarshe da USMNBT za ta yi a gasar har zuwa 2019. Duk da haka, babbar abokiyar hamayyar Girka, Spain, za ta kayar da ƙungiyar Giannakis a wasan ƙarshe, kamar yadda za ta sake yi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket na 2007 . A wajen ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, ya horar da ƙungiyoyin Girka kamar Aris, inda ya fi samun nasara a matsayin ɗan wasa, Olympiacos, inda ya sami sabon nasara, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta ƙasar China . A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, galibi mai tsaron raga ne, amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron raga . A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis ya shahara sosai a ƙarƙashin laƙabinsa na " '''''O Drákos''''' " ( {{Lang|el|Ο Δράκος}} ), ko kuma " '''The Dragon''' " a [[Turanci]] . <ref>[https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/basket/jeep-elite2/actualites/giannakis-un-dragon-pret-a-tout-croquer-587409 <nowiki>GIANNAKIS, UN «DRAGON» PRÊT À TOUT CROQUER {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/sports/le-dragon-giannakis-na-pas-souffle-le-show-au-limoges-csp_13817768/ <nowiki>Le Dragon Giannakis n’a pas soufflé le show au Limoges CSP {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Ƙwallon Kwando na EuroLeague ya zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 na EuroLeague, a cikin rabin ƙarni da ya gabata. A shekarar 2018, an nada shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon kwando 101 na Turai. A shekarar 2021, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na FIBA . A shekarar 2022, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka . A matsayinsa na Janar na ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando a ƙungiyar a Girka, tare da Ionikos Nikaias . Bayan haka, ya fara komawa ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, inda ya shafe mafi mahimmancin aikinsa na ƙwararre. A Tasalonika, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar "The Yellows" (Aris) zuwa wasanni uku a jere na EuroLeague Final Four tsakanin 1988 da 1990, da kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta FIBA (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Saporta Cup) a 1993 . A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1993, an mayar da shi kulob din Panionios Athens na Girka, kuma daga ƙarshe shekara guda bayan haka, zuwa kulob din Panathinaikos Athens na Girka, wanda ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da shi a shekarar 1996 . Giannakis, tare da Nikos Galis, [[Panagiotis Fasoulas]], da Fanis Christodoulou, ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurari huɗu na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 waɗanda suka sanya Girka a taswirar ƙwallon kwando ta duniya. Shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Girka, lokacin da suka lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987, kuma sun lashe lambar azurfa a wannan gasar shekaru biyu bayan haka . Bugu da ƙari, Giannakis ya kasance muhimmin memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka, lokacin da suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket a shekarun 1993 da 1995, da kuma wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA a shekarar 1994 . Bayan kammala aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis shine babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Athenian, Maroussi Athens, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa sahun gaba a gasar Girka . Giannakis shi ne kuma babban kocin ƙungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka, wadda ta jagoranci gasar EuroLeague ta 2010, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka . A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Giannakis, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005, da kuma lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 da aka yi a Japan, inda Girka ta doke ƙungiyar Amurka, da ci 101-95. Ya kuma kasance babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . == Shekarun farko == An haifi Giannakis kuma ya girma a wata unguwa mai talauci a Nikaia, [[Athens]] . Mahaifinsa Dimitris, wanda aka haife shi daga Asiya Minor, kuma yana da shagon babura; mahaifiyarsa Kalliope, [[Saƙa|mai saka ce]] . Giannakis shine ƙarami a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. <ref name="Oasis magazine bio">{{Cite web |last=Bekas |first=Sotiris |script-title=el:Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης - Αγωνιστής με πελώρια καρδιά |url=http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612040422/http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2011 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=.oasisfm.gr |language=el}}</ref> Giannakis ya fara buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa a unguwarsu. Ya nuna sha'awar wasanni tun da wuri, kuma ya gwada wasannin [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] . Ya fara kallon wasannin wata ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta yankin, kuma daga baya babban kocin ƙungiyar matasan Ionikos Nikaias ya same shi, wanda ya roƙe shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsu. == Sana'ar buga ƙwallon kulob == === Ionikos Nikaias === Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na kulob tare da matasan ƙungiyar Ionikos Nikaias, a shekarar 1971. Kocinsa na farko, [[George Vassilakopoulos]], ya ɗauki Giannakis zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta manyan 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyar, daga ƙungiyar matasa, a shekarar 1972, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13 kacal. Kungiyar tana wasa a rukunin 'yan wasa na biyu na Girka a lokacin. A shekarar 1975, an ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa babban rukuni na ƙungiyar Girka ta farko . Wasan Giannakis mai ban mamaki da Ionikos Nikaias, a lokacin yana ƙarami, ya jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallon kwando a kansa. A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1981, Ionikos Nikaias, karkashin jagorancin wani ɗan shekara 22 mai suna Giannakis, ya buga wasa da Aris Thessaloniki, wanda Nikos Galis ya jagoranta. Aris ya yi nasara a wasan da aka buga mai wahala, da ci 114–113. Wasan abin tunawa ne a tarihin ƙwallon kwando na ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta Girka, domin a wasan, Giannakis ya zira kwallaye 73, kuma Galis ya zira kwallaye 62, yayin da suka sami maki na biyu da na huɗu mafi yawa da aka taɓa zira kwallaye a wasa ɗaya tilo na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka. === Boston Celtics === A shekarar 1981, kocin ƙwallon kwando na Amurka Dick Dukeshire, wanda ya horar da Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan ƙasar Girka, ya nemi Giannakis ya koma Amurka, don buga ƙwallon kwando a Kwalejin Hellenic . Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa Giannakis ya isa ya buga wasa a [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] . A wancan lokacin, 'yan Boston Celtics sun yi amfani da kayan aikin harabar Kwalejin Hellenic da ke Brookline, Massachusetts, don sansanin horo da kuma ayyukansu. Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa idan Giannakis yana horo tare da ƙungiyar makarantar a lokaci guda da Celtics ɗin, to yana da damar shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan Celtics. Daga ƙarshe Giannakis ya amince ya koma Amurka, kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar Hellenic College Owls. A lokacin da yake horo a Kwalejin Hellenic, Celtics sun lura da Giannakis, kuma suka gayyace shi ya shiga sansanin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar a shekarar 1981. Duk da haka, a lokacin horon bazara, Giannakis ya sami rauni a gwiwa wanda ke barazanar aikinsa wanda ya buƙaci tiyatar gwiwa da yawa, <ref>[https://www.contra.gr/synentefxeis/otan-o-panagiotis-giannakis-gkremise-ta-dentra-tis-sovietikis-enosis.7460340.html <nowiki>Όταν ο Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης γκρέμισε τα 'δέντρα' της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> da kuma lokaci mai tsawo na gyaran jiki. A lokacin tiyatar gwiwa, likitan tiyatar da ke yin aikin ya yanke shawarar cewa dole ne a cire ACL na Giannakis daga gwiwarsa. Likitan da ya yi wa tiyatar ya gaya wa Giannakis cewa bai yi tsammanin zai yiwu ya sake buga ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru ba. <ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/life-style/article/1086048/panagiotis-giannakis-to-basket-o-traumatismos-o-galis-kai-ta-38-hronia-gamou <nowiki>Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης: Το μπάσκετ, ο τραυματισμός, ο Γκάλης και τα 38 χρόνια γάμου {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Duk da haka, bayan ya murmure daga tiyatar da aka yi masa a gwiwa, Giannakis ya sami matsakaicin maki 25 a kowane wasa tare da Hellenic College Owls, a kakar wasa ta 1981-82. Bayan haka, Giannakis ya koma Girka, inda ya kammala kakar wasa ta '81–'82 tare da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Ionikos Nikaias, domin ya taimaka musu su guji faɗuwa daga gasar zakarun Girka, wato Greek Basket League . A ƙarshe dai Boston Celtics ta zaɓi Giannakis, a zagaye na 9 na zaɓen NBA na 1982, inda aka zaɓi ɗan wasa na 205. Daga nan Giannakis ya shiga sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙungiyar na kakar wasa ta 1982-83 . Kimanin mako guda kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Celtics sun yi ciniki da Dave Cowens na tsakiya zuwa Milwaukee Bucks, a madadin Quinn Buckner mai tsaron baya, kuma saboda haka, ba su sake buƙatar wani mai tsaron baya ba. Daga nan sai Celtics ta nemi Giannakis ya shiga ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta CBA, a matsayin hanyar gwada yadda zai iya daidaitawa da salon wasan ƙwallon kwando na Amurka, tare da damar samun kwangilar NBA tare da babbar ƙungiyar daga baya. Duk da haka, Giannakis ya ƙi tayin, ya koma Girka, inda zai buga wasa har tsawon rayuwarsa. <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/ο-γιαννάκης-και-οι-μπόστον-σέλτικς-photos/ <nowiki>Ο Γιαννάκης και οι… Μπόστον Σέλτικς! (photos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.sportstonoto.gr/p-giannakis-to-1981-piga-stoys-boston-celtics-video/ <nowiki>Π. Γιαννάκης: Το 1981 πήγα σε Boston Celtics – Στεναχωριόμουν που ο Γκάλης δεν ήταν το ίδιο ομαδικός” (videos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> === Aris Tasaloniki === A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1984, Giannakis ya koma ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, bayan da ƙungiyar ta biya Ionikos Nikaias kuɗin kwangilar canja wuri don haƙƙin ɗan wasansa, a cikin adadin Drachmas miliyan 42 na Girka, <ref>[http://www.sport24.gr/Basket/ElladaBasket/EthnikiBasket/seismos-sthn-thessalonikh-o-giannakhs-ston-arh.4791726.html <nowiki>"Σεισμός στην Θεσσαλονίκη, ο Γιαννάκης στον Άρη" {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban kuɗi don siyan canja wuri a wancan lokacin. Giannakis shi ma ya sami motar [[BMW]], shagon kayan wasanni, da kuma kyautar dala miliyan 8 daga Aris. Tare da Aris, Giannakis ya haɗu da Nikos Galis, don samar da rabin ƙungiyar "tag-team" mai tarihi, wadda ta mamaye ƙwallon kwando ta Girka da Turai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Daga ranar 6 ga Maris 1985, zuwa 5 ga Nuwamba 1988, 'yan wasan baya na Galis da Giannakis, sun jagoranci Aris Thessaloniki zuwa wasanni 80 da suka yi nasara a jere a gasar Girka. <ref>[http://www.esake.gr/el/67DB798E <nowiki>Η επανάληψη στη Ν. Σμύρνη και το αήττητο σερί του Άρη {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.foxbet.gr/277418/late-sout-kartes-dokaria-faoul-korner-ta-panta-ola <nowiki>Οι 80 σερί νίκες του «αυτοκράτορα» {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/αυτοκράτορας-80-σερί-νικών-αήττητος-για/ <nowiki>Αυτοκράτορας 80 σερί νικών, αήττητος για 44 μήνες! Σαν σήμερα 31 χρόνια πριν ξεκινούσε το μεγαλύτερο σερί στην ιστορία της Α1! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/istoria/36032/to-aionio-rekor-tou-80-0 <nowiki>Το… αιώνιο ρεκόρ του 80-0!!! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/afieroma/67406/o-aytokratoras-aris-kai-to-aittito-seri-ton-44-minon <nowiki>Ο Αυτοκράτορας ΑΡΗΣ και το αήττητο σερί των 44 μηνών {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Kakar wasa ta farko ta Giannakis tare da Aris Thessaloniki, kakar wasa ta 1984-85, ta kasance babbar nasara. Ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka da kuma gasar cin kofin Girka . A wasan ƙarshe na ƙarshe, Giannakis ya yi maki uku cikin 12, kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara a kan Panathinaikos Athens . Kuma wannan shine farkon, yayin da za a sake lashe gasar zakarun Girka shida a jere, da kuma wasu kofuna biyar na gasar Girka tare da Aris. Tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis shi ma ya shiga gasar cin kofin EuroLeague sau uku a jere. Ya buga wasa a gasar Ghent Final Four ta 1988, a gasar Munich Final Four ta 1989, da kuma gasar Zaragoza Final Four ta 1990 . Aris Thessloniki ya shiga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na Turai a wancan lokacin, amma Giannakis da ƙungiyarsa ba su sami lambar yabo ta Turai ba sai bayan shekaru kaɗan. A watan Yunin 1991, an zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Balkans waɗanda suka buga wasa da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Turai, a gasar Fiba ta Shekarar 1991 . An gudanar da taron FIBA Jubilee na shekarar 1991 domin tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da kafa wasannin kwallon kwando a shekarar 1891, wanda wani dan kasar Canada James Naismith ya jagoranta. Wasan FIBA Jubilee All-Star ya gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka, kuma ya haɗa da tatsuniyoyi da yawa na ƙwallon kwando na Turai. Ƙungiyar All-Stars ta Balkans ta yi nasara a wasan, da ci 103–102. A kakar wasa ta 1992-93, Aris da Giannakis sun lashe gasar cin kofin FIBA na matakin sakandare a Turai, wanda daga baya aka san shi da gasar FIBA Saporta. Aris ta doke ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya Efes Istanbul da ci 50-48 a wasan ƙarshe, wanda aka gudanar a [[Torino|Turin]] . A lokacin, Nikos Galis ya riga ya bar Aris Thessaloniki, ya koma Panathinaikos Athens, kuma Giannakis ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Aris kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. === Panionios Athens === A shekarar 1993, bayan ya shafe shekaru tara tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis ya koma kulob din Girka na Panionios Athens . Tare da Panionios Athens, ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.6, taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye 3.3, da kuma satar kwallo 1.4 a kowane wasa, a kakar wasa ta 1993-94 ta gasar Girka Basket League. A wannan kakar wasa, ya kuma fafata da kulob din a gasar mataki na uku ta Turai, wato FIBA Korać Cup . A lokacin kakar Korać Cup, ya samu matsakaicin maki 17.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.7, taimakawa wajen taimakawa 3.4, da kuma satar 2.0 a kowane wasa. === Panathinaikos Athens === Bayan ya shafe kakar wasa daya a Panionios Athens, Giannakis ya koma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Girka ta Panathinaikos Athens, inda ya buga wasa daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Da Panathinaikos Athens ne ya kammala aikinsa na buga wasa a kulob din. Tare da Panathinaikos Athens, Giannakis a ƙarshe ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai mafi girma, FIBA EuroLeague . Panathinaikos da Giannakis sun lashe taken a 1996 Paris Final Four . Ya kuma lashe kofin Girka tare da Panathinaikos Athens a wannan shekarar. Wannan ne karo na bakwai da ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka a rayuwarsa ta wasa, tare da gasar cin kofin Girka guda bakwai da ya lashe. Giannakis ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararren ɗan wasa a ƙungiyar a shekarar 1996. A lokacin da yake buga wasa a kulob, ya fafata a jimillar wasanni biyar na karshe na EuroLeague, yayin da ya buga wasanni uku tare da Aris Thessaloniki, da kuma biyu tare da Panathinaikos Athens. Gabaɗaya, a lokacin aikinsa na ƙwararru a ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya zira jimillar maki 9,291, a wasanni 493 da ya buga a gasar Girka Basket League, inda matsakaicin maki 18.8 ya zira a wasanni ɗaya. A lokacin da yake gasar EuroLeague, ya zira jimillar maki 1,514, a wasanni 119 da ya buga, don matsakaicin maki 12.7 a rayuwarsa a kowane wasa. == Tawagar ƙasa tana buga wasa a matsayinta na mai horarwa == Giannakis ya jagoranci ƙungiyar matasa ta ƙasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta Girka zuwa lashe lambar azurfa a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta 1975 . Shekara guda bayan haka, ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka, yana ɗan shekara 17, a fafatawa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Czechoslovak . Tare da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa na Girka, ya kuma buga wasa a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ta 1976, da kuma gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ta 1978 . Farkon bayyanar Giannakis tare da Girka a babban gasar kasa da kasa ta FIBA, ya kasance a gasar EuroBasket ta 1979 . Ya lashe lambobin zinare a gasar Balkan Championship ta 1979, da kuma a gasar Mediterrenean ta 1979 . Giannakis ya kuma wakilci Girka a Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta Turai ta FIBA ta 1980, EuroBasket ta 1981, EuroBasket ta 1983, Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta Turai ta FIBA ta 1984, da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 1986 . Tare da Girka, ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Balkan Championship ta 1986 . Giannakis shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka wadda ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta shekarar 1987 . Ya kuma buga wasa da Girka a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta FIBA ta Turai a shekarar 1988 . Ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1989, kuma ya wakilci Girka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 1990 . Giannakis ya kuma wakilci Girka a bikin cika shekaru 100 na FIBA na 1991, wanda aka yi don tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da ƙirƙirar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ɗan ƙasar Kanada James Naismith ya yi. Gasar Jubilee ta gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka. A wasanni uku da aka buga a lokacin gasar, Giannakis ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.3 a kowane wasa. Galis ya kuma buga wasa da Girka a manyan gasannin da suka biyo baya: EuroBasket na 1991, Gasar cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta FIBA ta Turai ta 1992, EuroBasket na 1993, Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 1994, da kuma EuroBasket na 1995 . Gianankis ya yi ritaya daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka a matsayin ɗan wasa, a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1996, bayan ya fafata da Girka a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Atlanta ta 1996 . A lokacin da yake wasa da ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka, Giannakis ya halarci gasannin FIBA guda 29 na hukuma, da kuma gasannin ƙasashen duniya guda 40 na hukuma baki ɗaya. Giannakis yana da tarihin da ya fi kowanne a tarihin aikinsa na buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka, inda ya buga wasanni 351. Wannan kuma shine tarihin rayuwar kowace ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai. Haka kuma yana da tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo a tarihin rayuwa inda ya sami jimillar maki da aka ci tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan wasa ta Girka, inda ya samu maki 5,301. Wannan kuma shine tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo a kowace ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Turai. == Aiki a matsayin babban koci == === Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa === ==== Girka ==== Ba kamar yadda aka saba ba, shekara mai zuwa bayan ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa da ƙungiyar maza ta Girka, Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na koyarwa a matsayin babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka, a shekarar 1997. Ya ci gaba da zama babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa matsayi na huɗu a gasar EuroBasket ta 1997, sannan ya zo matsayi na huɗu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 1998 . Giannakis ya koma matsayin kocin ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka a shekara ta 2004, don gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Athens ta 2004, inda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Girka zuwa matsayi na biyar. A shekara mai zuwa, a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa na koyarwa, Girka ta lashe lambar zinare ta EuroBasket ta 2005, wadda ta kasance karo na biyu da Girka ta lashe gasar EuroBasket, kuma karo na farko da suka lashe ta tun 1987 . Giannakis ya zama mutum na farko da ya lashe gasar EuroBasket, duka a matsayin ɗan wasa ( 1987 ), da kuma a matsayin babban koci ( 2005 ). A shekara ta 2006, ya horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka har ta kai matsayi na biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 . A wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2006, kungiyar Giannakis ta Girka, ta doke kungiyar Amurka da aka fi so a karon farko, da ci 101-95. Bayan shekarar 2006, Giannakis ya daina yin horo a matakin ƙwararru a ƙungiyar ƙwararru da ta ƙasa, domin ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka kawai. Albashin Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka, daga ƙarshe ya kai darajar kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara na Yuro miliyan 1.2. A gasar EuroBasket ta 2007, Giannakis ya jagoranci Girka zuwa matsayi na huɗu. A gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Beijing ta 2008, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa matsayi na biyar. A watan Disamba na 2008, Giannakis ya kawo karshen aikinsa a matsayin babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka. Jonas Kazlauskas ne ya gaje shi a wannan matsayin. ==== China ==== Giannakis shi ma ya kasance babban kocin ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . Ya horar da kasar Sin a gasar cin kofin FIBA ta Asiya ta 2013 . Kasar Sin ta kammala gasar a matsayi na biyar. === Kungiyoyi na ƙwararru === Bayan ya fara aikin koyarwa a matsayin babban kocin Girka, Giannakis ya kuma koma koyarwa a matakin ƙwararru a ƙungiyar . Ya horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Girka Panionios Athens, har zuwa shekara ta 2002, lokacin da aka naɗa shi babban kocin ƙungiyar Maroussi Athens ta Girka. Ya zauna tare da Maroussi Athens har zuwa shekara ta 2006. A lokacin da yake tare da Maroussi Athens, tare da taimakon matashin mai tsaron ragarsa, mai suna Vassilis Spanoulis, wanda salon wasansa da halayensa na ɗan wasa galibi ana kwatanta shi da na Giannakis, ya cire ƙungiyar daga duhun da ba a saba gani ba, ya mayar da ita ƙungiya ta uku mafi shahara a gasar Girka, a wannan lokacin. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2008, Giannakis ya amince da zama babban kocin kungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka. Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da rabi da ƙungiyar, a kan albashin shekara-shekara na Yuro miliyan 1.1. A watan Yunin 2010, Olympiacos Piraeus ta sanar da cewa Giannakis ba zai horar da tawagarta a kakar wasa mai zuwa ba. <ref name="Giannakis-Olympiakos">{{Cite web |date=2010-06-18 |title=OLYMPIACOS, coach Giannakis part ways. |url=http://www.euroleague.net/euroleaguenews/transactions/2010-11-signings/i/72717/4465/olympiacos-coach-giannakis-part-ways |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724065259/http://www.euroleague.net/euroleaguenews/transactions/2010-11-signings/i/72717/4465/olympiacos-coach-giannakis-part-ways |archive-date=2010-07-24 |access-date=12 February 2023 |publisher=euroleague.net}}</ref> A tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi da ya horar da Olympiacos Piraeus, Giannakis ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa ga lashe Kofin Girka na 2010, wanda shine kofin farko da ƙungiyar ta lashe cikin shekaru takwas, da kuma zuwa wasanni uku a jere na Gasar Cin Kofin Girka (2008, 2009, 2010). Ya kuma jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa wasanni biyu a jere na EuroLeague Final Four ( 2009 da 2010 ), waɗanda su ne wasannin farko na EuroLeague Final Four da ƙungiyar ta buga tun bayan 1999 Final Four . Waɗannan wasannin ƙarshe guda biyu sun haɗa da wasan ƙarshe na EuroLeague (2010). [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cfkg18xs19fiqh0ujy8qbfmdrbuwzpq 887688 887687 2026-07-26T13:30:39Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317112292|Panagiotis Giannakis]]" 887688 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Panagiotis''' " '''Notis''' " '''Giannakis''' ( Greek ,{{IPA|el|panaˈʝotis ʝaˈnacis|pron}} ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1959), wanda aka rubuta shi a madadin '''Panayiotis Yiannakis''' ko '''Yannakis''', tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne kuma kocin Girka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a Girka. Ya fara aikinsa na babban aji yana da shekaru 13 kacal a Ionikos Nikaias, kuma bayan nasarar da aka samu, ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki a matsayin ɗan wasa tare da Aris Thessaloniki daga 1984 zuwa 1993, tare da haɗin gwiwar babban tauraron ƙwallon kwando na Girka Nikos Galis, yayin da ya sami nasara a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987 a Athens, nasarar farko ta babban gasa a Girka a wasannin da ba na Olympics ba, tare da nasarar Aris mai ban mamaki, ta haɓaka wasan a ƙasar. A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da Panathinaikos a shekarar 1996 . A matsayinsa na babban koci, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa ga kofin Turai na biyu a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005 a Serbia da Montenegro, inda ƙungiyar taurari masu hazaka suka haskaka sosai a ƙarƙashin kulawar Giannakis. Zai maimaita nasarar a shekara mai zuwa, inda ya lashe lambar azurfa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 a Japan, inda ƙungiyar ta fi samun nasara a kan taurarin Amurka na [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, wanda zai zama rashin nasara na ƙarshe da USMNBT za ta yi a gasar har zuwa 2019. Duk da haka, babbar abokiyar hamayyar Girka, Spain, za ta kayar da ƙungiyar Giannakis a wasan ƙarshe, kamar yadda za ta sake yi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket na 2007 . A wajen ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, ya horar da ƙungiyoyin Girka kamar Aris, inda ya fi samun nasara a matsayin ɗan wasa, Olympiacos, inda ya sami sabon nasara, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta ƙasar China . A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, galibi mai tsaron raga ne, amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron raga . A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis ya shahara sosai a ƙarƙashin laƙabinsa na " '''''O Drákos''''' " ( {{Lang|el|Ο Δράκος}} ), ko kuma " '''The Dragon''' " a [[Turanci]] . <ref>[https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/basket/jeep-elite2/actualites/giannakis-un-dragon-pret-a-tout-croquer-587409 <nowiki>GIANNAKIS, UN «DRAGON» PRÊT À TOUT CROQUER {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/sports/le-dragon-giannakis-na-pas-souffle-le-show-au-limoges-csp_13817768/ <nowiki>Le Dragon Giannakis n’a pas soufflé le show au Limoges CSP {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Ƙwallon Kwando na EuroLeague ya zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 na EuroLeague, a cikin rabin ƙarni da ya gabata. A shekarar 2018, an nada shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon kwando 101 na Turai. A shekarar 2021, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na FIBA . A shekarar 2022, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka . A matsayinsa na Janar na ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando a ƙungiyar a Girka, tare da Ionikos Nikaias . Bayan haka, ya fara komawa ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, inda ya shafe mafi mahimmancin aikinsa na ƙwararre. A Tasalonika, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar "The Yellows" (Aris) zuwa wasanni uku a jere na EuroLeague Final Four tsakanin 1988 da 1990, da kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta FIBA (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Saporta Cup) a 1993 . A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1993, an mayar da shi kulob din Panionios Athens na Girka, kuma daga ƙarshe shekara guda bayan haka, zuwa kulob din Panathinaikos Athens na Girka, wanda ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da shi a shekarar 1996 . Giannakis, tare da Nikos Galis, [[Panagiotis Fasoulas]], da Fanis Christodoulou, ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurari huɗu na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 waɗanda suka sanya Girka a taswirar ƙwallon kwando ta duniya. Shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Girka, lokacin da suka lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987, kuma sun lashe lambar azurfa a wannan gasar shekaru biyu bayan haka . Bugu da ƙari, Giannakis ya kasance muhimmin memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka, lokacin da suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket a shekarun 1993 da 1995, da kuma wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA a shekarar 1994 . Bayan kammala aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis shine babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Athenian, Maroussi Athens, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa sahun gaba a gasar Girka . Giannakis shi ne kuma babban kocin ƙungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka, wadda ta jagoranci gasar EuroLeague ta 2010, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka . A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Giannakis, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005, da kuma lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 da aka yi a Japan, inda Girka ta doke ƙungiyar Amurka, da ci 101-95. Ya kuma kasance babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . == Shekarun farko == An haifi Giannakis kuma ya girma a wata unguwa mai talauci a Nikaia, [[Athens]] . Mahaifinsa Dimitris, wanda aka haife shi daga Asiya Minor, kuma yana da shagon babura; mahaifiyarsa Kalliope, [[Saƙa|mai saka ce]] . Giannakis shine ƙarami a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. <ref name="Oasis magazine bio">{{Cite web |last=Bekas |first=Sotiris |script-title=el:Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης - Αγωνιστής με πελώρια καρδιά |url=http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612040422/http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2011 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=.oasisfm.gr |language=el}}</ref> Giannakis ya fara buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa a unguwarsu. Ya nuna sha'awar wasanni tun da wuri, kuma ya gwada wasannin [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] . Ya fara kallon wasannin wata ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta yankin, kuma daga baya babban kocin ƙungiyar matasan Ionikos Nikaias ya same shi, wanda ya roƙe shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsu. == Sana'ar buga ƙwallon kulob == === Ionikos Nikaias === Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na kulob tare da matasan ƙungiyar Ionikos Nikaias, a shekarar 1971. Kocinsa na farko, [[George Vassilakopoulos]], ya ɗauki Giannakis zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta manyan 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyar, daga ƙungiyar matasa, a shekarar 1972, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13 kacal. Kungiyar tana wasa a rukunin 'yan wasa na biyu na Girka a lokacin. A shekarar 1975, an ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa babban rukuni na ƙungiyar Girka ta farko . Wasan Giannakis mai ban mamaki da Ionikos Nikaias, a lokacin yana ƙarami, ya jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallon kwando a kansa. A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1981, Ionikos Nikaias, karkashin jagorancin wani ɗan shekara 22 mai suna Giannakis, ya buga wasa da Aris Thessaloniki, wanda Nikos Galis ya jagoranta. Aris ya yi nasara a wasan da aka buga mai wahala, da ci 114–113. Wasan abin tunawa ne a tarihin ƙwallon kwando na ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta Girka, domin a wasan, Giannakis ya zira kwallaye 73, kuma Galis ya zira kwallaye 62, yayin da suka sami maki na biyu da na huɗu mafi yawa da aka taɓa zira kwallaye a wasa ɗaya tilo na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka. === Boston Celtics === A shekarar 1981, kocin ƙwallon kwando na Amurka Dick Dukeshire, wanda ya horar da Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan ƙasar Girka, ya nemi Giannakis ya koma Amurka, don buga ƙwallon kwando a Kwalejin Hellenic . Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa Giannakis ya isa ya buga wasa a [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] . A wancan lokacin, 'yan Boston Celtics sun yi amfani da kayan aikin harabar Kwalejin Hellenic da ke Brookline, Massachusetts, don sansanin horo da kuma ayyukansu. Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa idan Giannakis yana horo tare da ƙungiyar makarantar a lokaci guda da Celtics ɗin, to yana da damar shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan Celtics. Daga ƙarshe Giannakis ya amince ya koma Amurka, kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar Hellenic College Owls. A lokacin da yake horo a Kwalejin Hellenic, Celtics sun lura da Giannakis, kuma suka gayyace shi ya shiga sansanin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar a shekarar 1981. Duk da haka, a lokacin horon bazara, Giannakis ya sami rauni a gwiwa wanda ke barazanar aikinsa wanda ya buƙaci tiyatar gwiwa da yawa, <ref>[https://www.contra.gr/synentefxeis/otan-o-panagiotis-giannakis-gkremise-ta-dentra-tis-sovietikis-enosis.7460340.html <nowiki>Όταν ο Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης γκρέμισε τα 'δέντρα' της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> da kuma lokaci mai tsawo na gyaran jiki. A lokacin tiyatar gwiwa, likitan tiyatar da ke yin aikin ya yanke shawarar cewa dole ne a cire ACL na Giannakis daga gwiwarsa. Likitan da ya yi wa tiyatar ya gaya wa Giannakis cewa bai yi tsammanin zai yiwu ya sake buga ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru ba. <ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/life-style/article/1086048/panagiotis-giannakis-to-basket-o-traumatismos-o-galis-kai-ta-38-hronia-gamou <nowiki>Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης: Το μπάσκετ, ο τραυματισμός, ο Γκάλης και τα 38 χρόνια γάμου {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Duk da haka, bayan ya murmure daga tiyatar da aka yi masa a gwiwa, Giannakis ya sami matsakaicin maki 25 a kowane wasa tare da Hellenic College Owls, a kakar wasa ta 1981-82. Bayan haka, Giannakis ya koma Girka, inda ya kammala kakar wasa ta '81–'82 tare da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Ionikos Nikaias, domin ya taimaka musu su guji faɗuwa daga gasar zakarun Girka, wato Greek Basket League . A ƙarshe dai Boston Celtics ta zaɓi Giannakis, a zagaye na 9 na zaɓen NBA na 1982, inda aka zaɓi ɗan wasa na 205. Daga nan Giannakis ya shiga sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙungiyar na kakar wasa ta 1982-83 . Kimanin mako guda kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Celtics sun yi ciniki da Dave Cowens na tsakiya zuwa Milwaukee Bucks, a madadin Quinn Buckner mai tsaron baya, kuma saboda haka, ba su sake buƙatar wani mai tsaron baya ba. Daga nan sai Celtics ta nemi Giannakis ya shiga ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta CBA, a matsayin hanyar gwada yadda zai iya daidaitawa da salon wasan ƙwallon kwando na Amurka, tare da damar samun kwangilar NBA tare da babbar ƙungiyar daga baya. Duk da haka, Giannakis ya ƙi tayin, ya koma Girka, inda zai buga wasa har tsawon rayuwarsa. <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/ο-γιαννάκης-και-οι-μπόστον-σέλτικς-photos/ <nowiki>Ο Γιαννάκης και οι… Μπόστον Σέλτικς! (photos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.sportstonoto.gr/p-giannakis-to-1981-piga-stoys-boston-celtics-video/ <nowiki>Π. Γιαννάκης: Το 1981 πήγα σε Boston Celtics – Στεναχωριόμουν που ο Γκάλης δεν ήταν το ίδιο ομαδικός” (videos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> === Aris Tasaloniki === A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1984, Giannakis ya koma ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, bayan da ƙungiyar ta biya Ionikos Nikaias kuɗin kwangilar canja wuri don haƙƙin ɗan wasansa, a cikin adadin Drachmas miliyan 42 na Girka, <ref>[http://www.sport24.gr/Basket/ElladaBasket/EthnikiBasket/seismos-sthn-thessalonikh-o-giannakhs-ston-arh.4791726.html <nowiki>"Σεισμός στην Θεσσαλονίκη, ο Γιαννάκης στον Άρη" {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban kuɗi don siyan canja wuri a wancan lokacin. Giannakis shi ma ya sami motar [[BMW]], shagon kayan wasanni, da kuma kyautar dala miliyan 8 daga Aris. Tare da Aris, Giannakis ya haɗu da Nikos Galis, don samar da rabin ƙungiyar "tag-team" mai tarihi, wadda ta mamaye ƙwallon kwando ta Girka da Turai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Daga ranar 6 ga Maris 1985, zuwa 5 ga Nuwamba 1988, 'yan wasan baya na Galis da Giannakis, sun jagoranci Aris Thessaloniki zuwa wasanni 80 da suka yi nasara a jere a gasar Girka. <ref>[http://www.esake.gr/el/67DB798E <nowiki>Η επανάληψη στη Ν. Σμύρνη και το αήττητο σερί του Άρη {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.foxbet.gr/277418/late-sout-kartes-dokaria-faoul-korner-ta-panta-ola <nowiki>Οι 80 σερί νίκες του «αυτοκράτορα» {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/αυτοκράτορας-80-σερί-νικών-αήττητος-για/ <nowiki>Αυτοκράτορας 80 σερί νικών, αήττητος για 44 μήνες! Σαν σήμερα 31 χρόνια πριν ξεκινούσε το μεγαλύτερο σερί στην ιστορία της Α1! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/istoria/36032/to-aionio-rekor-tou-80-0 <nowiki>Το… αιώνιο ρεκόρ του 80-0!!! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/afieroma/67406/o-aytokratoras-aris-kai-to-aittito-seri-ton-44-minon <nowiki>Ο Αυτοκράτορας ΑΡΗΣ και το αήττητο σερί των 44 μηνών {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Kakar wasa ta farko ta Giannakis tare da Aris Thessaloniki, kakar wasa ta 1984-85, ta kasance babbar nasara. Ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka da kuma gasar cin kofin Girka . A wasan ƙarshe na ƙarshe, Giannakis ya yi maki uku cikin 12, kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara a kan Panathinaikos Athens . Kuma wannan shine farkon, yayin da za a sake lashe gasar zakarun Girka shida a jere, da kuma wasu kofuna biyar na gasar Girka tare da Aris. Tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis shi ma ya shiga gasar cin kofin EuroLeague sau uku a jere. Ya buga wasa a gasar Ghent Final Four ta 1988, a gasar Munich Final Four ta 1989, da kuma gasar Zaragoza Final Four ta 1990 . Aris Thessloniki ya shiga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na Turai a wancan lokacin, amma Giannakis da ƙungiyarsa ba su sami lambar yabo ta Turai ba sai bayan shekaru kaɗan. A watan Yunin 1991, an zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Balkans waɗanda suka buga wasa da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Turai, a gasar Fiba ta Shekarar 1991 . An gudanar da taron FIBA Jubilee na shekarar 1991 domin tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da kafa wasannin kwallon kwando a shekarar 1891, wanda wani dan kasar Canada James Naismith ya jagoranta. Wasan FIBA Jubilee All-Star ya gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka, kuma ya haɗa da tatsuniyoyi da yawa na ƙwallon kwando na Turai. Ƙungiyar All-Stars ta Balkans ta yi nasara a wasan, da ci 103–102. A kakar wasa ta 1992-93, Aris da Giannakis sun lashe gasar cin kofin FIBA na matakin sakandare a Turai, wanda daga baya aka san shi da gasar FIBA Saporta. Aris ta doke ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya Efes Istanbul da ci 50-48 a wasan ƙarshe, wanda aka gudanar a [[Torino|Turin]] . A lokacin, Nikos Galis ya riga ya bar Aris Thessaloniki, ya koma Panathinaikos Athens, kuma Giannakis ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Aris kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. === Panionios Athens === A shekarar 1993, bayan ya shafe shekaru tara tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis ya koma kulob din Girka na Panionios Athens . Tare da Panionios Athens, ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.6, taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye 3.3, da kuma satar kwallo 1.4 a kowane wasa, a kakar wasa ta 1993-94 ta gasar Girka Basket League. A wannan kakar wasa, ya kuma fafata da kulob din a gasar mataki na uku ta Turai, wato FIBA Korać Cup . A lokacin kakar Korać Cup, ya samu matsakaicin maki 17.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.7, taimakawa wajen taimakawa 3.4, da kuma satar 2.0 a kowane wasa. === Panathinaikos Athens === Bayan ya shafe kakar wasa daya a Panionios Athens, Giannakis ya koma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Girka ta Panathinaikos Athens, inda ya buga wasa daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Da Panathinaikos Athens ne ya kammala aikinsa na buga wasa a kulob din. Tare da Panathinaikos Athens, Giannakis a ƙarshe ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai mafi girma, FIBA EuroLeague . Panathinaikos da Giannakis sun lashe taken a 1996 Paris Final Four . Ya kuma lashe kofin Girka tare da Panathinaikos Athens a wannan shekarar. Wannan ne karo na bakwai da ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka a rayuwarsa ta wasa, tare da gasar cin kofin Girka guda bakwai da ya lashe. Giannakis ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararren ɗan wasa a ƙungiyar a shekarar 1996. A lokacin da yake buga wasa a kulob, ya fafata a jimillar wasanni biyar na karshe na EuroLeague, yayin da ya buga wasanni uku tare da Aris Thessaloniki, da kuma biyu tare da Panathinaikos Athens. Gabaɗaya, a lokacin aikinsa na ƙwararru a ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya zira jimillar maki 9,291, a wasanni 493 da ya buga a gasar Girka Basket League, inda matsakaicin maki 18.8 ya zira a wasanni ɗaya. A lokacin da yake gasar EuroLeague, ya zira jimillar maki 1,514, a wasanni 119 da ya buga, don matsakaicin maki 12.7 a rayuwarsa a kowane wasa. == Tawagar ƙasa tana buga wasa a matsayinta na mai horarwa == Giannakis ya jagoranci ƙungiyar matasa ta ƙasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta Girka zuwa lashe lambar azurfa a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta 1975 . Shekara guda bayan haka, ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka, yana ɗan shekara 17, a fafatawa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Czechoslovak . Tare da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa na Girka, ya kuma buga wasa a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ta 1976, da kuma gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ta 1978 . Farkon bayyanar Giannakis tare da Girka a babban gasar kasa da kasa ta FIBA, ya kasance a gasar EuroBasket ta 1979 . Ya lashe lambobin zinare a gasar Balkan Championship ta 1979, da kuma a gasar Mediterrenean ta 1979 . Giannakis ya kuma wakilci Girka a Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta Turai ta FIBA ta 1980, EuroBasket ta 1981, EuroBasket ta 1983, Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta Turai ta FIBA ta 1984, da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 1986 . Tare da Girka, ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Balkan Championship ta 1986 . Giannakis shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka wadda ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta shekarar 1987 . Ya kuma buga wasa da Girka a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta FIBA ta Turai a shekarar 1988 . Ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1989, kuma ya wakilci Girka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 1990 . Giannakis ya kuma wakilci Girka a bikin cika shekaru 100 na FIBA na 1991, wanda aka yi don tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da ƙirƙirar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ɗan ƙasar Kanada James Naismith ya yi. Gasar Jubilee ta gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka. A wasanni uku da aka buga a lokacin gasar, Giannakis ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.3 a kowane wasa. Galis ya kuma buga wasa da Girka a manyan gasannin da suka biyo baya: EuroBasket na 1991, Gasar cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta FIBA ta Turai ta 1992, EuroBasket na 1993, Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 1994, da kuma EuroBasket na 1995 . Gianankis ya yi ritaya daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka a matsayin ɗan wasa, a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1996, bayan ya fafata da Girka a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Atlanta ta 1996 . A lokacin da yake wasa da ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka, Giannakis ya halarci gasannin FIBA guda 29 na hukuma, da kuma gasannin ƙasashen duniya guda 40 na hukuma baki ɗaya. Giannakis yana da tarihin da ya fi kowanne a tarihin aikinsa na buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka, inda ya buga wasanni 351. Wannan kuma shine tarihin rayuwar kowace ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai. Haka kuma yana da tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo a tarihin rayuwa inda ya sami jimillar maki da aka ci tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan wasa ta Girka, inda ya samu maki 5,301. Wannan kuma shine tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo a kowace ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Turai. == Aiki a matsayin babban koci == === Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa === ==== Girka ==== Ba kamar yadda aka saba ba, shekara mai zuwa bayan ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa da ƙungiyar maza ta Girka, Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na koyarwa a matsayin babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka, a shekarar 1997. Ya ci gaba da zama babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa matsayi na huɗu a gasar EuroBasket ta 1997, sannan ya zo matsayi na huɗu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 1998 . Giannakis ya koma matsayin kocin ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka a shekara ta 2004, don gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Athens ta 2004, inda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Girka zuwa matsayi na biyar. A shekara mai zuwa, a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa na koyarwa, Girka ta lashe lambar zinare ta EuroBasket ta 2005, wadda ta kasance karo na biyu da Girka ta lashe gasar EuroBasket, kuma karo na farko da suka lashe ta tun 1987 . Giannakis ya zama mutum na farko da ya lashe gasar EuroBasket, duka a matsayin ɗan wasa ( 1987 ), da kuma a matsayin babban koci ( 2005 ). A shekara ta 2006, ya horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka har ta kai matsayi na biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 . A wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2006, kungiyar Giannakis ta Girka, ta doke kungiyar Amurka da aka fi so a karon farko, da ci 101-95. Bayan shekarar 2006, Giannakis ya daina yin horo a matakin ƙwararru a ƙungiyar ƙwararru da ta ƙasa, domin ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka kawai. Albashin Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka, daga ƙarshe ya kai darajar kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara na Yuro miliyan 1.2. A gasar EuroBasket ta 2007, Giannakis ya jagoranci Girka zuwa matsayi na huɗu. A gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Beijing ta 2008, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa matsayi na biyar. A watan Disamba na 2008, Giannakis ya kawo karshen aikinsa a matsayin babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka. Jonas Kazlauskas ne ya gaje shi a wannan matsayin. ==== China ==== Giannakis shi ma ya kasance babban kocin ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . Ya horar da kasar Sin a gasar cin kofin FIBA ta Asiya ta 2013 . Kasar Sin ta kammala gasar a matsayi na biyar. === Kungiyoyi na ƙwararru === Bayan ya fara aikin koyarwa a matsayin babban kocin Girka, Giannakis ya kuma koma koyarwa a matakin ƙwararru a ƙungiyar . Ya horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Girka Panionios Athens, har zuwa shekara ta 2002, lokacin da aka naɗa shi babban kocin ƙungiyar Maroussi Athens ta Girka. Ya zauna tare da Maroussi Athens har zuwa shekara ta 2006. A lokacin da yake tare da Maroussi Athens, tare da taimakon matashin mai tsaron ragarsa, mai suna Vassilis Spanoulis, wanda salon wasansa da halayensa na ɗan wasa galibi ana kwatanta shi da na Giannakis, ya cire ƙungiyar daga duhun da ba a saba gani ba, ya mayar da ita ƙungiya ta uku mafi shahara a gasar Girka, a wannan lokacin. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2008, Giannakis ya amince da zama babban kocin kungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka. Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da rabi da ƙungiyar, a kan albashin shekara-shekara na Yuro miliyan 1.1. A watan Yunin 2010, Olympiacos Piraeus ta sanar da cewa Giannakis ba zai horar da tawagarta a kakar wasa mai zuwa ba. <ref name="Giannakis-Olympiakos">{{Cite web |date=2010-06-18 |title=OLYMPIACOS, coach Giannakis part ways. |url=http://www.euroleague.net/euroleaguenews/transactions/2010-11-signings/i/72717/4465/olympiacos-coach-giannakis-part-ways |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724065259/http://www.euroleague.net/euroleaguenews/transactions/2010-11-signings/i/72717/4465/olympiacos-coach-giannakis-part-ways |archive-date=2010-07-24 |access-date=12 February 2023 |publisher=euroleague.net}}</ref> A tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi da ya horar da Olympiacos Piraeus, Giannakis ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa ga lashe Kofin Girka na 2010, wanda shine kofin farko da ƙungiyar ta lashe cikin shekaru takwas, da kuma zuwa wasanni uku a jere na Gasar Cin Kofin Girka (2008, 2009, 2010). Ya kuma jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa wasanni biyu a jere na EuroLeague Final Four ( 2009 da 2010 ), waɗanda su ne wasannin farko na EuroLeague Final Four da ƙungiyar ta buga tun bayan 1999 Final Four . Waɗannan wasannin ƙarshe guda biyu sun haɗa da wasan ƙarshe na EuroLeague (2010). Bayan haka, Giannakis ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin ƙungiyar Limoges ta Faransa, a kakar wasa ta 2012-13 . Ya zama babban kocin ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, a shekarar 2017. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Giannakis yana auren Eugenia, kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Kalliope da Dimitris. A shekara ta 2010, ya rasa ɗan'uwansa (dukkan 'yan'uwansa huɗu sun mutu a cikin shekaru 10) kafin wasan hamayya na Olympiacos Piraeus da Panathinaikos Athens . <ref name="Giannakis brothers">{{Cite web |date=2010-03-02 |script-title=el:Η μοίρα χτύπησε για τέταρτη φορά |url=http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_sport_9_02/03/2010_392537 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225134305/http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_sport_9_02/03/2010_392537 |archive-date=25 February 2012 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=kathimerini.gr |language=el}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da nasarori == '''(A matsayin ɗan wasa):''' === Aikin kulob === * Zakaran Gasar 2 ta Girka : (1975) * Wanda Ya Fi Kowa zura kwallaye a Gasar Girka : (1980) * Zaɓen FIBA na Turai 4×: (1980, 1987, 1990, 1991 I ) * 2× Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallo a Gasar Cin Kofin Girka : (1985, 1988) * Shugaban ƙungiyar agaji ta Girka League : (1989) * Mafi kyawun maki da ya samu a wasa ɗaya shine maki 73 da ya ci, a shekarar 1981, a matsayin ɗan wasan Ionikos Nikaias (wanda abin mamaki ya faru da Aris, ƙungiyar da zai buga nan gaba). * Ƙungiyar kwararru [[National Basketball Association|ta NBA]] ta Boston Celtics ta zaɓe shi a cikin zaɓen NBA na 1982 . * Ya lashe kofuna 17 a matakin farko a rayuwarsa ta kwararru a kulob : ** Zakaran EuroLeague : ( 1996 ) ** Zakaran FIBA na Kofin Turai (Kofin Saporta): ( 1993 ) ** Zakaran Gasar Girka ta 7× a jere: (1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991) ** 7× Wanda Ya Lashe Kofin Girka : (1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1996) ** Wanda Ya Lashe Kofin Super na Girka : ( 1986 ) * 4× Gasar Girka All-Star (1991, 1994 I, 1994 II, 1996 I) * Tare da Nikos Galis, ya jagoranci Aris zuwa ga nasara a wasanni 80 a jere a gasar Girka, a shekarun 1980. * Lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa a kulob dinsa, ya rike tarihin mafi yawan wasannin da aka buga a Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Girka (493). * Ya zira kwallaye 9,291 a Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Girka (idan aka kirga dukkan wasannin lig tun kakar 1963-64) (na uku a duk lokacin) . <ref>[http://www.esake.gr/el/C13B01F3 <nowiki>Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Cika shekaru 50 na EuroLeague Jerin Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 Mafi Girma a EuroLeague : (2008) * Manyan Kwallo 101 na Kwando na Turai: (2018) * Zauren Fifa : (2021) * Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Wasan Kwando na Girka : (2022) === Ƙungiyar matasan ƙasar Girka === * Gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta 1975 :{{Silver medal}} === Tawagar ƙasa ta Girka === * Gasar Balkan ta 1976 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1977 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1979 :{{Gold medal}} * Wasannin Bahar Rum na 1979 :{{Gold medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1980 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1983 :{{Silver medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1984 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1986 :{{Gold medal}} * Kwandon Euro na 1987 :{{Gold medal}} * Kwandon Euro na 1989 :{{Silver medal}} * Tauraron ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, wanda ya kafa tarihin yawan 'yan wasa, na maza da na manyan 'yan wasa, ya samu maki 403. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/playerview/?playerid=11 <nowiki>Σελίδα Αθλητή Ημ.Γεν: {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Tawagar ƙasar Girka ce ke riƙe da tarihin mafi yawan maki da aka ci, na maza da na manyan 'yan wasa, tare da maki 6,291. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/playerview/?playerid=11 <nowiki>Σελίδα Αθλητή Ημ.Γεν: {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}. {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Ya kafa tarihin zama ɗan wasa na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Girka a mafi yawan wasanni, inda ya buga wasanni 351. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/stats-men/ <nowiki>Στατιστικά Εθνικής Ανδρών Οι 50 πρώτοι σε συμμετοχές {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Mai riƙe da tarihin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka wanda ya fi samun maki mafi yawa, inda ya samu maki 5,301. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/stats-men/ <nowiki>Στατιστικά Εθνικής Ανδρών Οι 50 πρώτοι σκόρερς {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Hukumar FIBA ta Turai ce ke da tarihin yawan buga wa manyan 'yan wasa wasa a gasar, inda ta samu maki 351. * FIBA ta kasance mai rike da tarihin maki mafi yawa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, inda ta samu maki 5,301. '''(A matsayin babban kocin):''' === Aikin kulob === * 2× Kocin Gasar Girka ta Shekara : (2004, 2006) * FIBA EuroStar : (2007) * Wanda Ya Lashe Kofin Girka : (2010) === Ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan ƙasa ta Girka === * Kwandon Euro na 2005 :{{Gold medal}} * 2× Kocin Wasannin Girka na Shekara : (2005, 2006) * Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Stanković ta 2006 :{{Gold medal}} * Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 :{{Silver medal}} * Shi ne kaɗai mutumin da ya lashe gasar FIBA EuroBasket, a matsayin ɗan wasa ( 1987 ), da kuma a matsayin babban koci ( 2005 ). == Duba kuma == * 'Yan wasan da suka fi samun maki a Gasar Kwando ta Girka ta Amateur (1963–1992) * 'Yan wasan da suka fi samun maki a wasa ɗaya a Gasar Kwando ta Girka ta Amateur (1963–1992) * Jerin manyan kocin da suka lashe kyautar FIBA EuroBasket == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.fiba.basketball/hall-of-fame/Panagiotis-GIANNAKIS Panagiotis Giannakis] a FIBA Hall of Fame * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160623190511/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/q/Panagiotis%20GIANNAKIS/pid/9573/_//players.html Bayanin 'Yan Wasan FIBA] * [http://www.fibaeurope.com/compID_qMRZdYCZI6EoANOrUf9le2.season_1997.roundID_1504.playerID_9573.teamID_291.html Bayanan 'Yan Wasan FIBA Turai] * [https://halloffame.esake.gr/player/011-giannakes-panagiotes- Bayanin Gasar Kwando ta Girka] {{In lang|el}} * [http://www.basket.gr/index.php/playerview?playerid=11 Bayanin Hukumar Kwallon Kwando ta Hellenic] {{In lang|el}} * [https://www.thedraftreview.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6379:panagiotis-giannakis&catid=92&Itemid=342 Bayanin Tsarin NBA na 1982] * [https://kosmagazin.com/101-greats-panagiotis-giannakis/ 101 Manyan: Panagiotis Giannakis] * [http://www.esake.gr/el/C13B01F3 Τα “κανόνια”] {{In lang|el}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8g4p4J48g0 Aikin Panagiotis Giannakis a cikin gajeren bidiyo] * Panagiotis Giannakis * Panagiotis Giannakis [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7t015bpljs9sbsjycj89nb1lyelquim 887706 887688 2026-07-26T13:42:06Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Panagiotis''' " '''Notis''' " '''Giannakis''' ( Greek ,{{IPA|el|panaˈʝotis ʝaˈnacis|pron}} ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1959), wanda aka rubuta shi a madadin '''Panayiotis Yiannakis''' ko '''Yannakis''', tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne kuma kocin Girka. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a Girka. Ya fara aikinsa na babban aji yana da shekaru 13 kacal a Ionikos Nikaias, kuma bayan nasarar da aka samu, ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki a matsayin ɗan wasa tare da Aris Thessaloniki daga 1984 zuwa 1993, tare da haɗin gwiwar babban tauraron ƙwallon kwando na Girka Nikos Galis, yayin da ya sami nasara a matsayin kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙasa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987 a Athens, nasarar farko ta babban gasa a Girka a wasannin da ba na Olympics ba, tare da nasarar Aris mai ban mamaki, ta haɓaka wasan a ƙasar. A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da Panathinaikos a shekarar 1996 . A matsayinsa na babban koci, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa ga kofin Turai na biyu a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005 a Serbia da Montenegro, inda ƙungiyar taurari masu hazaka suka haskaka sosai a ƙarƙashin kulawar Giannakis. Zai maimaita nasarar a shekara mai zuwa, inda ya lashe lambar azurfa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 a Japan, inda ƙungiyar ta fi samun nasara a kan taurarin Amurka na [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, wanda zai zama rashin nasara na ƙarshe da USMNBT za ta yi a gasar har zuwa 2019. Duk da haka, babbar abokiyar hamayyar Girka, Spain, za ta kayar da ƙungiyar Giannakis a wasan ƙarshe, kamar yadda za ta sake yi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket na 2007 . A wajen ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, ya horar da ƙungiyoyin Girka kamar Aris, inda ya fi samun nasara a matsayin ɗan wasa, Olympiacos, inda ya sami sabon nasara, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta ƙasar China . A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, galibi mai tsaron raga ne, amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron raga . A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis ya shahara sosai a ƙarƙashin laƙabinsa na " '''''O Drákos''''' " ( {{Lang|el|Ο Δράκος}} ), ko kuma " '''The Dragon''' " a [[Turanci]] . <ref>[https://sport24.lefigaro.fr/basket/jeep-elite2/actualites/giannakis-un-dragon-pret-a-tout-croquer-587409 <nowiki>GIANNAKIS, UN «DRAGON» PRÊT À TOUT CROQUER {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.lepopulaire.fr/limoges-87000/sports/le-dragon-giannakis-na-pas-souffle-le-show-au-limoges-csp_13817768/ <nowiki>Le Dragon Giannakis n’a pas soufflé le show au Limoges CSP {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>fr}}.</nowiki>]</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Kwamitin Ƙwararrun Ƙwallon Kwando na EuroLeague ya zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 na EuroLeague, a cikin rabin ƙarni da ya gabata. A shekarar 2018, an nada shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon kwando 101 na Turai. A shekarar 2021, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na FIBA . A shekarar 2022, an shigar da shi cikin zauren shahara na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka . A matsayinsa na Janar na ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya fara buga ƙwallon kwando a ƙungiyar a Girka, tare da Ionikos Nikaias . Bayan haka, ya fara komawa ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, inda ya shafe mafi mahimmancin aikinsa na ƙwararre. A Tasalonika, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar "The Yellows" (Aris) zuwa wasanni uku a jere na EuroLeague Final Four tsakanin 1988 da 1990, da kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta FIBA (daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa Saporta Cup) a 1993 . A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1993, an mayar da shi kulob din Panionios Athens na Girka, kuma daga ƙarshe shekara guda bayan haka, zuwa kulob din Panathinaikos Athens na Girka, wanda ya lashe gasar EuroLeague tare da shi a shekarar 1996 . Giannakis, tare da Nikos Galis, [[Panagiotis Fasoulas]], da Fanis Christodoulou, ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurari huɗu na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 waɗanda suka sanya Girka a taswirar ƙwallon kwando ta duniya. Shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Girka, lokacin da suka lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 1987, kuma sun lashe lambar azurfa a wannan gasar shekaru biyu bayan haka . Bugu da ƙari, Giannakis ya kasance muhimmin memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka, lokacin da suka kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na EuroBasket a shekarun 1993 da 1995, da kuma wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA a shekarar 1994 . Bayan kammala aikinsa na wasa, Giannakis shine babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Athenian, Maroussi Athens, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa sahun gaba a gasar Girka . Giannakis shi ne kuma babban kocin ƙungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka, wadda ta jagoranci gasar EuroLeague ta 2010, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka . A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Giannakis, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta 2005, da kuma lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 da aka yi a Japan, inda Girka ta doke ƙungiyar Amurka, da ci 101-95. Ya kuma kasance babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . == Shekarun farko == An haifi Giannakis kuma ya girma a wata unguwa mai talauci a Nikaia, [[Athens]] . Mahaifinsa Dimitris, wanda aka haife shi daga Asiya Minor, kuma yana da shagon babura; mahaifiyarsa Kalliope, [[Saƙa|mai saka ce]] . Giannakis shine ƙarami a cikin 'yan'uwa biyar. <ref name="Oasis magazine bio">{{Cite web |last=Bekas |first=Sotiris |script-title=el:Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης - Αγωνιστής με πελώρια καρδιά |url=http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612040422/http://www.oasisfm.gr/03,101,01,00.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2011 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=.oasisfm.gr |language=el}}</ref> Giannakis ya fara buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa a unguwarsu. Ya nuna sha'awar wasanni tun da wuri, kuma ya gwada wasannin [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] . Ya fara kallon wasannin wata ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta yankin, kuma daga baya babban kocin ƙungiyar matasan Ionikos Nikaias ya same shi, wanda ya roƙe shi ya shiga ƙungiyarsu. == Sana'ar buga ƙwallon kulob == === Ionikos Nikaias === Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na kulob tare da matasan ƙungiyar Ionikos Nikaias, a shekarar 1971. Kocinsa na farko, [[George Vassilakopoulos]], ya ɗauki Giannakis zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta manyan 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyar, daga ƙungiyar matasa, a shekarar 1972, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 13 kacal. Kungiyar tana wasa a rukunin 'yan wasa na biyu na Girka a lokacin. A shekarar 1975, an ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa babban rukuni na ƙungiyar Girka ta farko . Wasan Giannakis mai ban mamaki da Ionikos Nikaias, a lokacin yana ƙarami, ya jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallon kwando a kansa. A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1981, Ionikos Nikaias, karkashin jagorancin wani ɗan shekara 22 mai suna Giannakis, ya buga wasa da Aris Thessaloniki, wanda Nikos Galis ya jagoranta. Aris ya yi nasara a wasan da aka buga mai wahala, da ci 114–113. Wasan abin tunawa ne a tarihin ƙwallon kwando na ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta Girka, domin a wasan, Giannakis ya zira kwallaye 73, kuma Galis ya zira kwallaye 62, yayin da suka sami maki na biyu da na huɗu mafi yawa da aka taɓa zira kwallaye a wasa ɗaya tilo na gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka. === Boston Celtics === A shekarar 1981, kocin ƙwallon kwando na Amurka Dick Dukeshire, wanda ya horar da Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan ƙasar Girka, ya nemi Giannakis ya koma Amurka, don buga ƙwallon kwando a Kwalejin Hellenic . Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa Giannakis ya isa ya buga wasa a [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] . A wancan lokacin, 'yan Boston Celtics sun yi amfani da kayan aikin harabar Kwalejin Hellenic da ke Brookline, Massachusetts, don sansanin horo da kuma ayyukansu. Dukeshire ya yi imanin cewa idan Giannakis yana horo tare da ƙungiyar makarantar a lokaci guda da Celtics ɗin, to yana da damar shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan Celtics. Daga ƙarshe Giannakis ya amince ya koma Amurka, kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar Hellenic College Owls. A lokacin da yake horo a Kwalejin Hellenic, Celtics sun lura da Giannakis, kuma suka gayyace shi ya shiga sansanin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar a shekarar 1981. Duk da haka, a lokacin horon bazara, Giannakis ya sami rauni a gwiwa wanda ke barazanar aikinsa wanda ya buƙaci tiyatar gwiwa da yawa, <ref>[https://www.contra.gr/synentefxeis/otan-o-panagiotis-giannakis-gkremise-ta-dentra-tis-sovietikis-enosis.7460340.html <nowiki>Όταν ο Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης γκρέμισε τα 'δέντρα' της Σοβιετικής Ένωσης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> da kuma lokaci mai tsawo na gyaran jiki. A lokacin tiyatar gwiwa, likitan tiyatar da ke yin aikin ya yanke shawarar cewa dole ne a cire ACL na Giannakis daga gwiwarsa. Likitan da ya yi wa tiyatar ya gaya wa Giannakis cewa bai yi tsammanin zai yiwu ya sake buga ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru ba. <ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/life-style/article/1086048/panagiotis-giannakis-to-basket-o-traumatismos-o-galis-kai-ta-38-hronia-gamou <nowiki>Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης: Το μπάσκετ, ο τραυματισμός, ο Γκάλης και τα 38 χρόνια γάμου {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Duk da haka, bayan ya murmure daga tiyatar da aka yi masa a gwiwa, Giannakis ya sami matsakaicin maki 25 a kowane wasa tare da Hellenic College Owls, a kakar wasa ta 1981-82. Bayan haka, Giannakis ya koma Girka, inda ya kammala kakar wasa ta '81–'82 tare da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Ionikos Nikaias, domin ya taimaka musu su guji faɗuwa daga gasar zakarun Girka, wato Greek Basket League . A ƙarshe dai Boston Celtics ta zaɓi Giannakis, a zagaye na 9 na zaɓen NBA na 1982, inda aka zaɓi ɗan wasa na 205. Daga nan Giannakis ya shiga sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙungiyar na kakar wasa ta 1982-83 . Kimanin mako guda kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Celtics sun yi ciniki da Dave Cowens na tsakiya zuwa Milwaukee Bucks, a madadin Quinn Buckner mai tsaron baya, kuma saboda haka, ba su sake buƙatar wani mai tsaron baya ba. Daga nan sai Celtics ta nemi Giannakis ya shiga ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta CBA, a matsayin hanyar gwada yadda zai iya daidaitawa da salon wasan ƙwallon kwando na Amurka, tare da damar samun kwangilar NBA tare da babbar ƙungiyar daga baya. Duk da haka, Giannakis ya ƙi tayin, ya koma Girka, inda zai buga wasa har tsawon rayuwarsa. <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/ο-γιαννάκης-και-οι-μπόστον-σέλτικς-photos/ <nowiki>Ο Γιαννάκης και οι… Μπόστον Σέλτικς! (photos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.sportstonoto.gr/p-giannakis-to-1981-piga-stoys-boston-celtics-video/ <nowiki>Π. Γιαννάκης: Το 1981 πήγα σε Boston Celtics – Στεναχωριόμουν που ο Γκάλης δεν ήταν το ίδιο ομαδικός” (videos) {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> === Aris Tasaloniki === A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1984, Giannakis ya koma ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, bayan da ƙungiyar ta biya Ionikos Nikaias kuɗin kwangilar canja wuri don haƙƙin ɗan wasansa, a cikin adadin Drachmas miliyan 42 na Girka, <ref>[http://www.sport24.gr/Basket/ElladaBasket/EthnikiBasket/seismos-sthn-thessalonikh-o-giannakhs-ston-arh.4791726.html <nowiki>"Σεισμός στην Θεσσαλονίκη, ο Γιαννάκης στον Άρη" {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban kuɗi don siyan canja wuri a wancan lokacin. Giannakis shi ma ya sami motar [[BMW]], shagon kayan wasanni, da kuma kyautar dala miliyan 8 daga Aris. Tare da Aris, Giannakis ya haɗu da Nikos Galis, don samar da rabin ƙungiyar "tag-team" mai tarihi, wadda ta mamaye ƙwallon kwando ta Girka da Turai a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Daga ranar 6 ga Maris 1985, zuwa 5 ga Nuwamba 1988, 'yan wasan baya na Galis da Giannakis, sun jagoranci Aris Thessaloniki zuwa wasanni 80 da suka yi nasara a jere a gasar Girka. <ref>[http://www.esake.gr/el/67DB798E <nowiki>Η επανάληψη στη Ν. Σμύρνη και το αήττητο σερί του Άρη {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.foxbet.gr/277418/late-sout-kartes-dokaria-faoul-korner-ta-panta-ola <nowiki>Οι 80 σερί νίκες του «αυτοκράτορα» {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.pressaris.gr/αυτοκράτορας-80-σερί-νικών-αήττητος-για/ <nowiki>Αυτοκράτορας 80 σερί νικών, αήττητος για 44 μήνες! Σαν σήμερα 31 χρόνια πριν ξεκινούσε το μεγαλύτερο σερί στην ιστορία της Α1! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/istoria/36032/to-aionio-rekor-tou-80-0 <nowiki>Το… αιώνιο ρεκόρ του 80-0!!! {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> <ref>[https://www.allaboutaris.com/afieroma/67406/o-aytokratoras-aris-kai-to-aittito-seri-ton-44-minon <nowiki>Ο Αυτοκράτορας ΑΡΗΣ και το αήττητο σερί των 44 μηνών {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> Kakar wasa ta farko ta Giannakis tare da Aris Thessaloniki, kakar wasa ta 1984-85, ta kasance babbar nasara. Ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka da kuma gasar cin kofin Girka . A wasan ƙarshe na ƙarshe, Giannakis ya yi maki uku cikin 12, kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara a kan Panathinaikos Athens . Kuma wannan shine farkon, yayin da za a sake lashe gasar zakarun Girka shida a jere, da kuma wasu kofuna biyar na gasar Girka tare da Aris. Tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis shi ma ya shiga gasar cin kofin EuroLeague sau uku a jere. Ya buga wasa a gasar Ghent Final Four ta 1988, a gasar Munich Final Four ta 1989, da kuma gasar Zaragoza Final Four ta 1990 . Aris Thessloniki ya shiga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na Turai a wancan lokacin, amma Giannakis da ƙungiyarsa ba su sami lambar yabo ta Turai ba sai bayan shekaru kaɗan. A watan Yunin 1991, an zaɓi Giannakis a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Balkans waɗanda suka buga wasa da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Turai, a gasar Fiba ta Shekarar 1991 . An gudanar da taron FIBA Jubilee na shekarar 1991 domin tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da kafa wasannin kwallon kwando a shekarar 1891, wanda wani dan kasar Canada James Naismith ya jagoranta. Wasan FIBA Jubilee All-Star ya gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka, kuma ya haɗa da tatsuniyoyi da yawa na ƙwallon kwando na Turai. Ƙungiyar All-Stars ta Balkans ta yi nasara a wasan, da ci 103–102. A kakar wasa ta 1992-93, Aris da Giannakis sun lashe gasar cin kofin FIBA na matakin sakandare a Turai, wanda daga baya aka san shi da gasar FIBA Saporta. Aris ta doke ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya Efes Istanbul da ci 50-48 a wasan ƙarshe, wanda aka gudanar a [[Torino|Turin]] . A lokacin, Nikos Galis ya riga ya bar Aris Thessaloniki, ya koma Panathinaikos Athens, kuma Giannakis ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Aris kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. === Panionios Athens === A shekarar 1993, bayan ya shafe shekaru tara tare da Aris Thessaloniki, Giannakis ya koma kulob din Girka na Panionios Athens . Tare da Panionios Athens, ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.6, taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye 3.3, da kuma satar kwallo 1.4 a kowane wasa, a kakar wasa ta 1993-94 ta gasar Girka Basket League. A wannan kakar wasa, ya kuma fafata da kulob din a gasar mataki na uku ta Turai, wato FIBA Korać Cup . A lokacin kakar Korać Cup, ya samu matsakaicin maki 17.0, bugun ramuwar gayya 3.7, taimakawa wajen taimakawa 3.4, da kuma satar 2.0 a kowane wasa. === Panathinaikos Athens === Bayan ya shafe kakar wasa daya a Panionios Athens, Giannakis ya koma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Girka ta Panathinaikos Athens, inda ya buga wasa daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Da Panathinaikos Athens ne ya kammala aikinsa na buga wasa a kulob din. Tare da Panathinaikos Athens, Giannakis a ƙarshe ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai mafi girma, FIBA EuroLeague . Panathinaikos da Giannakis sun lashe taken a 1996 Paris Final Four . Ya kuma lashe kofin Girka tare da Panathinaikos Athens a wannan shekarar. Wannan ne karo na bakwai da ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka a rayuwarsa ta wasa, tare da gasar cin kofin Girka guda bakwai da ya lashe. Giannakis ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararren ɗan wasa a ƙungiyar a shekarar 1996. A lokacin da yake buga wasa a kulob, ya fafata a jimillar wasanni biyar na karshe na EuroLeague, yayin da ya buga wasanni uku tare da Aris Thessaloniki, da kuma biyu tare da Panathinaikos Athens. Gabaɗaya, a lokacin aikinsa na ƙwararru a ƙungiyar, Giannakis ya zira jimillar maki 9,291, a wasanni 493 da ya buga a gasar Girka Basket League, inda matsakaicin maki 18.8 ya zira a wasanni ɗaya. A lokacin da yake gasar EuroLeague, ya zira jimillar maki 1,514, a wasanni 119 da ya buga, don matsakaicin maki 12.7 a rayuwarsa a kowane wasa. == Tawagar ƙasa tana buga wasa a matsayinta na mai horarwa == Giannakis ya jagoranci ƙungiyar matasa ta ƙasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta Girka zuwa lashe lambar azurfa a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta 1975 . Shekara guda bayan haka, ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka, yana ɗan shekara 17, a fafatawa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Czechoslovak . Tare da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa na Girka, ya kuma buga wasa a gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ta 1976, da kuma gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 18 ta 1978 . Farkon bayyanar Giannakis tare da Girka a babban gasar kasa da kasa ta FIBA, ya kasance a gasar EuroBasket ta 1979 . Ya lashe lambobin zinare a gasar Balkan Championship ta 1979, da kuma a gasar Mediterrenean ta 1979 . Giannakis ya kuma wakilci Girka a Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta Turai ta FIBA ta 1980, EuroBasket ta 1981, EuroBasket ta 1983, Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta Turai ta FIBA ta 1984, da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 1986 . Tare da Girka, ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Balkan Championship ta 1986 . Giannakis shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta ƙasar Girka wadda ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar EuroBasket ta shekarar 1987 . Ya kuma buga wasa da Girka a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta FIBA ta Turai a shekarar 1988 . Ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar EuroBasket ta 1989, kuma ya wakilci Girka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 1990 . Giannakis ya kuma wakilci Girka a bikin cika shekaru 100 na FIBA na 1991, wanda aka yi don tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da ƙirƙirar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ɗan ƙasar Kanada James Naismith ya yi. Gasar Jubilee ta gudana ne a filin wasa na Peace and Friendship, da ke Piraeus, [[Athens]], Girka. A wasanni uku da aka buga a lokacin gasar, Giannakis ya samu matsakaicin maki 14.3 a kowane wasa. Galis ya kuma buga wasa da Girka a manyan gasannin da suka biyo baya: EuroBasket na 1991, Gasar cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta FIBA ta Turai ta 1992, EuroBasket na 1993, Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 1994, da kuma EuroBasket na 1995 . Gianankis ya yi ritaya daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka a matsayin ɗan wasa, a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1996, bayan ya fafata da Girka a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Atlanta ta 1996 . A lokacin da yake wasa da ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka, Giannakis ya halarci gasannin FIBA guda 29 na hukuma, da kuma gasannin ƙasashen duniya guda 40 na hukuma baki ɗaya. Giannakis yana da tarihin da ya fi kowanne a tarihin aikinsa na buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka, inda ya buga wasanni 351. Wannan kuma shine tarihin rayuwar kowace ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai. Haka kuma yana da tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo a tarihin rayuwa inda ya sami jimillar maki da aka ci tare da ƙungiyar maza ta manyan 'yan wasa ta Girka, inda ya samu maki 5,301. Wannan kuma shine tarihin rayuwa mafi tsawo a kowace ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Turai. == Aiki a matsayin babban koci == === Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa === ==== Girka ==== Ba kamar yadda aka saba ba, shekara mai zuwa bayan ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa da ƙungiyar maza ta Girka, Giannakis ya fara aikinsa na koyarwa a matsayin babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Girka, a shekarar 1997. Ya ci gaba da zama babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa matsayi na huɗu a gasar EuroBasket ta 1997, sannan ya zo matsayi na huɗu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 1998 . Giannakis ya koma matsayin kocin ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka a shekara ta 2004, don gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Athens ta 2004, inda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Girka zuwa matsayi na biyar. A shekara mai zuwa, a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa na koyarwa, Girka ta lashe lambar zinare ta EuroBasket ta 2005, wadda ta kasance karo na biyu da Girka ta lashe gasar EuroBasket, kuma karo na farko da suka lashe ta tun 1987 . Giannakis ya zama mutum na farko da ya lashe gasar EuroBasket, duka a matsayin ɗan wasa ( 1987 ), da kuma a matsayin babban koci ( 2005 ). A shekara ta 2006, ya horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Girka har ta kai matsayi na biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 . A wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2006, kungiyar Giannakis ta Girka, ta doke kungiyar Amurka da aka fi so a karon farko, da ci 101-95. Bayan shekarar 2006, Giannakis ya daina yin horo a matakin ƙwararru a ƙungiyar ƙwararru da ta ƙasa, domin ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka kawai. Albashin Giannakis tare da ƙungiyar maza ta ƙasar Girka, daga ƙarshe ya kai darajar kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara na Yuro miliyan 1.2. A gasar EuroBasket ta 2007, Giannakis ya jagoranci Girka zuwa matsayi na huɗu. A gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Beijing ta 2008, ya jagoranci Girka zuwa matsayi na biyar. A watan Disamba na 2008, Giannakis ya kawo karshen aikinsa a matsayin babban kocin babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka. Jonas Kazlauskas ne ya gaje shi a wannan matsayin. ==== China ==== Giannakis shi ma ya kasance babban kocin ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sin . Ya horar da kasar Sin a gasar cin kofin FIBA ta Asiya ta 2013 . Kasar Sin ta kammala gasar a matsayi na biyar. === Kungiyoyi na ƙwararru === Bayan ya fara aikin koyarwa a matsayin babban kocin Girka, Giannakis ya kuma koma koyarwa a matakin ƙwararru a ƙungiyar . Ya horar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Girka Panionios Athens, har zuwa shekara ta 2002, lokacin da aka naɗa shi babban kocin ƙungiyar Maroussi Athens ta Girka. Ya zauna tare da Maroussi Athens har zuwa shekara ta 2006. A lokacin da yake tare da Maroussi Athens, tare da taimakon matashin mai tsaron ragarsa, mai suna Vassilis Spanoulis, wanda salon wasansa da halayensa na ɗan wasa galibi ana kwatanta shi da na Giannakis, ya cire ƙungiyar daga duhun da ba a saba gani ba, ya mayar da ita ƙungiya ta uku mafi shahara a gasar Girka, a wannan lokacin. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2008, Giannakis ya amince da zama babban kocin kungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka. Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da rabi da ƙungiyar, a kan albashin shekara-shekara na Yuro miliyan 1.1. A watan Yunin 2010, Olympiacos Piraeus ta sanar da cewa Giannakis ba zai horar da tawagarta a kakar wasa mai zuwa ba. <ref name="Giannakis-Olympiakos">{{Cite web |date=2010-06-18 |title=OLYMPIACOS, coach Giannakis part ways. |url=http://www.euroleague.net/euroleaguenews/transactions/2010-11-signings/i/72717/4465/olympiacos-coach-giannakis-part-ways |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724065259/http://www.euroleague.net/euroleaguenews/transactions/2010-11-signings/i/72717/4465/olympiacos-coach-giannakis-part-ways |archive-date=2010-07-24 |access-date=12 February 2023 |publisher=euroleague.net}}</ref> A tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi da ya horar da Olympiacos Piraeus, Giannakis ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa ga lashe Kofin Girka na 2010, wanda shine kofin farko da ƙungiyar ta lashe cikin shekaru takwas, da kuma zuwa wasanni uku a jere na Gasar Cin Kofin Girka (2008, 2009, 2010). Ya kuma jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa wasanni biyu a jere na EuroLeague Final Four ( 2009 da 2010 ), waɗanda su ne wasannin farko na EuroLeague Final Four da ƙungiyar ta buga tun bayan 1999 Final Four . Waɗannan wasannin ƙarshe guda biyu sun haɗa da wasan ƙarshe na EuroLeague (2010). Bayan haka, Giannakis ya yi aiki a matsayin babban kocin ƙungiyar Limoges ta Faransa, a kakar wasa ta 2012-13 . Ya zama babban kocin ƙungiyar Aris Thessaloniki ta Girka, a shekarar 2017. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Giannakis yana auren Eugenia, kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Kalliope da Dimitris. A shekara ta 2010, ya rasa ɗan'uwansa (dukkan 'yan'uwansa huɗu sun mutu a cikin shekaru 10) kafin wasan hamayya na Olympiacos Piraeus da Panathinaikos Athens . <ref name="Giannakis brothers">{{Cite web |date=2010-03-02 |script-title=el:Η μοίρα χτύπησε για τέταρτη φορά |url=http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_sport_9_02/03/2010_392537 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225134305/http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_sport_9_02/03/2010_392537 |archive-date=25 February 2012 |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=kathimerini.gr |language=el}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da nasarori == '''(A matsayin ɗan wasa):''' === Aikin kulob === * Zakaran Gasar 2 ta Girka : (1975) * Wanda Ya Fi Kowa zura kwallaye a Gasar Girka : (1980) * Zaɓen FIBA na Turai 4×: (1980, 1987, 1990, 1991 I ) * 2× Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallo a Gasar Cin Kofin Girka : (1985, 1988) * Shugaban ƙungiyar agaji ta Girka League : (1989) * Mafi kyawun maki da ya samu a wasa ɗaya shine maki 73 da ya ci, a shekarar 1981, a matsayin ɗan wasan Ionikos Nikaias (wanda abin mamaki ya faru da Aris, ƙungiyar da zai buga nan gaba). * Ƙungiyar kwararru [[National Basketball Association|ta NBA]] ta Boston Celtics ta zaɓe shi a cikin zaɓen NBA na 1982 . * Ya lashe kofuna 17 a matakin farko a rayuwarsa ta kwararru a kulob : ** Zakaran EuroLeague : ( 1996 ) ** Zakaran FIBA na Kofin Turai (Kofin Saporta): ( 1993 ) ** Zakaran Gasar Girka ta 7× a jere: (1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991) ** 7× Wanda Ya Lashe Kofin Girka : (1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1996) ** Wanda Ya Lashe Kofin Super na Girka : ( 1986 ) * 4× Gasar Girka All-Star (1991, 1994 I, 1994 II, 1996 I) * Tare da Nikos Galis, ya jagoranci Aris zuwa ga nasara a wasanni 80 a jere a gasar Girka, a shekarun 1980. * Lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa a kulob dinsa, ya rike tarihin mafi yawan wasannin da aka buga a Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Girka (493). * Ya zira kwallaye 9,291 a Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Girka (idan aka kirga dukkan wasannin lig tun kakar 1963-64) (na uku a duk lokacin) . <ref>[http://www.esake.gr/el/C13B01F3 <nowiki>Τα “κανόνια” του ελληνικού Πρωταθλήματος: Παναγιώτης Γιαννάκης {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Cika shekaru 50 na EuroLeague Jerin Masu Ba da Gudummawa 50 Mafi Girma a EuroLeague : (2008) * Manyan Kwallo 101 na Kwando na Turai: (2018) * Zauren Fifa : (2021) * Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Wasan Kwando na Girka : (2022) === Ƙungiyar matasan ƙasar Girka === * Gasar FIBA ta Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta 1975 :{{Silver medal}} === Tawagar ƙasa ta Girka === * Gasar Balkan ta 1976 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1977 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1979 :{{Gold medal}} * Wasannin Bahar Rum na 1979 :{{Gold medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1980 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1983 :{{Silver medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1984 :{{Bronze medal}} * Gasar Balkan ta 1986 :{{Gold medal}} * Kwandon Euro na 1987 :{{Gold medal}} * Kwandon Euro na 1989 :{{Silver medal}} * Tauraron ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka, wanda ya kafa tarihin yawan 'yan wasa, na maza da na manyan 'yan wasa, ya samu maki 403. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/playerview/?playerid=11 <nowiki>Σελίδα Αθλητή Ημ.Γεν: {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Tawagar ƙasar Girka ce ke riƙe da tarihin mafi yawan maki da aka ci, na maza da na manyan 'yan wasa, tare da maki 6,291. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/playerview/?playerid=11 <nowiki>Σελίδα Αθλητή Ημ.Γεν: {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}. {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Ya kafa tarihin zama ɗan wasa na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Girka a mafi yawan wasanni, inda ya buga wasanni 351. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/stats-men/ <nowiki>Στατιστικά Εθνικής Ανδρών Οι 50 πρώτοι σε συμμετοχές {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Mai riƙe da tarihin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Girka wanda ya fi samun maki mafi yawa, inda ya samu maki 5,301. <ref>[https://www.basket.gr/stats-men/ <nowiki>Στατιστικά Εθνικής Ανδρών Οι 50 πρώτοι σκόρερς {{in lang</nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki>el}}.</nowiki>]</ref> * Hukumar FIBA ta Turai ce ke da tarihin yawan buga wa manyan 'yan wasa wasa a gasar, inda ta samu maki 351. * FIBA ta kasance mai rike da tarihin maki mafi yawa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa, inda ta samu maki 5,301. '''(A matsayin babban kocin):''' === Aikin kulob === * 2× Kocin Gasar Girka ta Shekara : (2004, 2006) * FIBA EuroStar : (2007) * Wanda Ya Lashe Kofin Girka : (2010) === Ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan ƙasa ta Girka === * Kwandon Euro na 2005 :{{Gold medal}} * 2× Kocin Wasannin Girka na Shekara : (2005, 2006) * Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Stanković ta 2006 :{{Gold medal}} * Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta 2006 :{{Silver medal}} * Shi ne kaɗai mutumin da ya lashe gasar FIBA EuroBasket, a matsayin ɗan wasa ( 1987 ), da kuma a matsayin babban koci ( 2005 ). == Duba kuma == * 'Yan wasan da suka fi samun maki a Gasar Kwando ta Girka ta Amateur (1963–1992) * 'Yan wasan da suka fi samun maki a wasa ɗaya a Gasar Kwando ta Girka ta Amateur (1963–1992) * Jerin manyan kocin da suka lashe kyautar FIBA EuroBasket == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.fiba.basketball/hall-of-fame/Panagiotis-GIANNAKIS Panagiotis Giannakis] a FIBA Hall of Fame * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160623190511/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/q/Panagiotis%20GIANNAKIS/pid/9573/_//players.html Bayanin 'Yan Wasan FIBA] * [http://www.fibaeurope.com/compID_qMRZdYCZI6EoANOrUf9le2.season_1997.roundID_1504.playerID_9573.teamID_291.html Bayanan 'Yan Wasan FIBA Turai] * [https://halloffame.esake.gr/player/011-giannakes-panagiotes- Bayanin Gasar Kwando ta Girka] {{In lang|el}} * [http://www.basket.gr/index.php/playerview?playerid=11 Bayanin Hukumar Kwallon Kwando ta Hellenic] {{In lang|el}} * [https://www.thedraftreview.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6379:panagiotis-giannakis&catid=92&Itemid=342 Bayanin Tsarin NBA na 1982] * [https://kosmagazin.com/101-greats-panagiotis-giannakis/ 101 Manyan: Panagiotis Giannakis] * [http://www.esake.gr/el/C13B01F3 Τα “κανόνια”] {{In lang|el}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8g4p4J48g0 Aikin Panagiotis Giannakis a cikin gajeren bidiyo] * Panagiotis Giannakis * Panagiotis Giannakis [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ap3ayxim07q9z1y6a4x3z2ev758l0ed 0 162300 887691 2026-07-26T13:31:41Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311505056|Simon Russell (footballer)]]" 887691 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Simon Craig Russell''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Maris 1985) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]]. Ya taba bugawa Hull City da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila kafin ya koma kungiyar Non-League da York City, Tamworth, Cambridge United, Lincoln City, Alfreton Town da North Ferriby United da kuma Gainsborough Trinity . == Sana'a == An haife shi a Hull, East Riding na Yorkshire, Russell ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horo a Hull City . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko bayan ya dawo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa na minti 60 a wasan da suka buga da Port Vale a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2002, wanda aka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1. Ya fara buga gasar a rukuni na uku a gasar a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 4-1 a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2003. <ref name="Games played by Simon Russell in 2002/2003" /> Bai buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko ta Hull ba a kakar wasa ta 2003–04, amma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar reserve ta lashe gasar East Riding Senior Cup bayan ya zura kwallaye a wasan ƙarshe, wanda ya kare da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2004 |title=Tigers victorious in East Riding Senior Cup Final |url=http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~524444,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829231440/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~524444,00.html |archive-date=29 August 2012 |access-date=11 April 2011 |publisher=Hull City A.F.C.}}</ref> Hull ta sallame shi a lokacin bazara na 2004 bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a madadin ƙungiyar, kuma ƙungiyar Ligue Two Kidderminster ta saye shi a watan Yulin 2004 akan kwantiragin shekaru biyu, wanda kocinsa Jan Mølby ya bayyana shi a matsayin, "...&nbsp;[yana da] injin mai ban mamaki kuma yana iya tashi da kwallo ɗaya ko biyu." Ya kammala kakar wasa ta farko bayan Kidderminster da wasanni 29 da kuma kwallaye 2 yayin da aka mayar da su zuwa gasar Conference National . Ya samu karyewar wuyan hannu a watan Nuwamba na 2005 wanda hakan ya hana shi yin wasa na tsawon watanni uku na 2005–06, amma ya dawo bayan watanni biyu lokacin da ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 63 a wasan da suka yi da Altrincham a ranar 2 ga Janairun 2006. Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 35 da kuma kwallaye 2. <ref name="2005-06" /> Bayan ya buga wasanni 52 kuma ya zura kwallaye 6 a kakar wasa ta 2006–07, <ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2008 118-119">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}</ref> ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekara guda da kulob din, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a kungiyar a yanzu. Ya samu rauni a cinyarsa wanda hakan ya hana shi buga wasa a farkon kakar wasa ta 2007–08, sannan ya dawo wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-1 a kan Droylsden a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2007. Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 36 da kuma kwallaye 6. <ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009 96-97">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] kjzmtt9ifrkquzapfbo66r4fy8ctvu7 887695 887691 2026-07-26T13:32:37Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311505056|Simon Russell (footballer)]]" 887695 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Simon Craig Russell''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Maris 1985) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]]. Ya taba bugawa Hull City da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila kafin ya koma kungiyar Non-League da York City, Tamworth, Cambridge United, Lincoln City, Alfreton Town da North Ferriby United da kuma Gainsborough Trinity . == Sana'a == An haife shi a Hull, East Riding na Yorkshire, Russell ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horo a Hull City . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko bayan ya dawo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa na minti 60 a wasan da suka buga da Port Vale a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2002, wanda aka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1. Ya fara buga gasar a rukuni na uku a gasar a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 4-1 a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2003. <ref name="Games played by Simon Russell in 2002/2003" /> Bai buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko ta Hull ba a kakar wasa ta 2003–04, amma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar reserve ta lashe gasar East Riding Senior Cup bayan ya zura kwallaye a wasan ƙarshe, wanda ya kare da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2004 |title=Tigers victorious in East Riding Senior Cup Final |url=http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~524444,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829231440/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~524444,00.html |archive-date=29 August 2012 |access-date=11 April 2011 |publisher=Hull City A.F.C.}}</ref> Hull ta sallame shi a lokacin bazara na 2004 bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a madadin ƙungiyar, kuma ƙungiyar Ligue Two Kidderminster ta saye shi a watan Yulin 2004 akan kwantiragin shekaru biyu, wanda kocinsa Jan Mølby ya bayyana shi a matsayin, "...&nbsp;[yana da] injin mai ban mamaki kuma yana iya tashi da kwallo ɗaya ko biyu." Ya kammala kakar wasa ta farko bayan Kidderminster da wasanni 29 da kuma kwallaye 2 yayin da aka mayar da su zuwa gasar Conference National . Ya samu karyewar wuyan hannu a watan Nuwamba na 2005 wanda hakan ya hana shi yin wasa na tsawon watanni uku na 2005–06, amma ya dawo bayan watanni biyu lokacin da ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 63 a wasan da suka yi da Altrincham a ranar 2 ga Janairun 2006. Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 35 da kuma kwallaye 2. <ref name="2005-06" /> Bayan ya buga wasanni 52 kuma ya zura kwallaye 6 a kakar wasa ta 2006–07, <ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2008 118-119">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}</ref> ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekara guda da kulob din, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a kungiyar a yanzu. Ya samu rauni a cinyarsa wanda hakan ya hana shi buga wasa a farkon kakar wasa ta 2007–08, sannan ya dawo wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-1 a kan Droylsden a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2007. Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 36 da kuma kwallaye 6. <ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009 96-97">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}</ref> [[Fayil:Simon_Russell_09-05-2009_1.jpg|thumb| Russell bayan ya buga wa York City wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin FA ta 2009]] Bayan ya buga wasanni uku a Kidderminster har zuwa wannan lokacin a 2008–09, <ref name="2008/09Kiddy">{{Cite book|edition=James}}</ref> Russell ya sanya hannu a kulob din Conference Premier na York City a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta a ranar 22 ga Agusta 2008. Ya fara buga wasa a karon farko bayan kwana ɗaya a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 54 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Northwich Victoria . Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a lokacin wasan York da Grays Athletic a watan Disamba, wanda hakan ya sa bai buga wasan Histon ba. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga York kai tsaye daga bugun kusurwa a wasan da Barrow ya sha kashi da ci 3-1 a gasar cin kofin Conference League a ranar 20 ga Janairun 2009. <ref name="2008/09York" /> Ya shigo ne a matsayin madadinsa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin FA na 2009 a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2009, wanda York ta sha kashi 2-0 a hannun [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] . <ref name="2008/09York" /> Russell ya ƙi amincewa da tayin aro ga ƙungiyoyi biyu na Conference North a watan Satumba na 2009, domin yana son ya zauna ya yi fafutukar neman gurbinsa a York. Ya koma ƙungiyar abokan hamayyar York ta Conference Premier Tamworth a ranar 17 ga Satumba 2009 akan aro na wata ɗaya, bayan ya kasa buga wasa a York har zuwa wannan lokacin a 2009–10 . An tsawaita rancen har zuwa 1 ga Janairu 2010 a watan Oktoba. Ya koma York a ranar 19 ga Disamba 2009 kuma ya koma Cambridge United a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen 2009-10 a ranar 22 ga Janairu 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a karon farko a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun Crawley Town a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2010. Ya koma York a ƙarshen kakar wasa bayan ya buga wasanni 17 a matsayin aro a Cambridge, <ref name="2009/10Cambridge" /> kuma manaja Martin Ling ya ce ƙungiyar za ta ba Russell kwangilar dindindin idan York ta sallame shi. Ya sake sanya hannu a Cambridge na dindindin kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 10 ga Mayu. Russell ya fara kakar wasa ta 2010–11 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi ga Cambridge, inda ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Crawley a ranar 17 ga Agusta <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2010 |title=Cambridge vs Crawley Town |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10423~54363,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313183507/http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10423~54363%2C00.html |archive-date=13 March 2012 |publisher=Cambridge United F.C.}}</ref> sannan ya kara kwallaye hudu don jagorantar jadawalin kwallayen kulob din a watan Nuwamba.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Russell ya sanya hannu a sabuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Conference Premier da aka rage daga gasar Lincoln City a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2011 bisa kwangilar shekara ɗaya bayan Cambridge ta ba shi damar shiga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2011 |title=Imps snap up midfielder Russell |url=http://www.redimps.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10440~2397535,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905143829/http://www.redimps.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10440~2397535,00.html |archive-date=5 September 2012 |access-date=20 July 2011 |publisher=Lincoln City F.C.}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2011–12 da wasanni 30 da kuma kwallaye 1 da ya ci wa Lincoln <ref name="SW">{{Cite web |title=S. Russell |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/simon-russell/36141/ |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> kafin ya sanya hannu a kwangilar shekara guda da Alfreton Town a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2012. Ya sanya hannu a kulob din Conference North Gainsborough Trinity akan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta a ranar 10 ga Janairu 2013. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] rgvyeyeo9s88u1sjj6f9bh42tbjoc53 887697 887695 2026-07-26T13:33:36Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311505056|Simon Russell (footballer)]]" 887697 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Simon Craig Russell''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Maris 1985) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]]. Ya taba bugawa Hull City da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila kafin ya koma kungiyar Non-League da York City, Tamworth, Cambridge United, Lincoln City, Alfreton Town da North Ferriby United da kuma Gainsborough Trinity . == Sana'a == An haife shi a Hull, East Riding na Yorkshire, Russell ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horo a Hull City . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko bayan ya dawo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa na minti 60 a wasan da suka buga da Port Vale a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2002, wanda aka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1. Ya fara buga gasar a rukuni na uku a gasar a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 4-1 a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2003. <ref name="Games played by Simon Russell in 2002/2003" /> Bai buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko ta Hull ba a kakar wasa ta 2003–04, amma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar reserve ta lashe gasar East Riding Senior Cup bayan ya zura kwallaye a wasan ƙarshe, wanda ya kare da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2004 |title=Tigers victorious in East Riding Senior Cup Final |url=http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~524444,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829231440/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~524444,00.html |archive-date=29 August 2012 |access-date=11 April 2011 |publisher=Hull City A.F.C.}}</ref> Hull ta sallame shi a lokacin bazara na 2004 bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a madadin ƙungiyar, kuma ƙungiyar Ligue Two Kidderminster ta saye shi a watan Yulin 2004 akan kwantiragin shekaru biyu, wanda kocinsa Jan Mølby ya bayyana shi a matsayin, "...&nbsp;[yana da] injin mai ban mamaki kuma yana iya tashi da kwallo ɗaya ko biyu." Ya kammala kakar wasa ta farko bayan Kidderminster da wasanni 29 da kuma kwallaye 2 yayin da aka mayar da su zuwa gasar Conference National . Ya samu karyewar wuyan hannu a watan Nuwamba na 2005 wanda hakan ya hana shi yin wasa na tsawon watanni uku na 2005–06, amma ya dawo bayan watanni biyu lokacin da ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 63 a wasan da suka yi da Altrincham a ranar 2 ga Janairun 2006. Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 35 da kuma kwallaye 2. <ref name="2005-06" /> Bayan ya buga wasanni 52 kuma ya zura kwallaye 6 a kakar wasa ta 2006–07, <ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2008 118-119">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}</ref> ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekara guda da kulob din, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a kungiyar a yanzu. Ya samu rauni a cinyarsa wanda hakan ya hana shi buga wasa a farkon kakar wasa ta 2007–08, sannan ya dawo wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-1 a kan Droylsden a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2007. Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 36 da kuma kwallaye 6. <ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009 96-97">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}</ref> [[Fayil:Simon_Russell_09-05-2009_1.jpg|thumb| Russell bayan ya buga wa York City wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin FA ta 2009]] Bayan ya buga wasanni uku a Kidderminster har zuwa wannan lokacin a 2008–09, <ref name="2008/09Kiddy">{{Cite book|edition=James}}</ref> Russell ya sanya hannu a kulob din Conference Premier na York City a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta a ranar 22 ga Agusta 2008. Ya fara buga wasa a karon farko bayan kwana ɗaya a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 54 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Northwich Victoria . Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a lokacin wasan York da Grays Athletic a watan Disamba, wanda hakan ya sa bai buga wasan Histon ba. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga York kai tsaye daga bugun kusurwa a wasan da Barrow ya sha kashi da ci 3-1 a gasar cin kofin Conference League a ranar 20 ga Janairun 2009. <ref name="2008/09York" /> Ya shigo ne a matsayin madadinsa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin FA na 2009 a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2009, wanda York ta sha kashi 2-0 a hannun [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] . <ref name="2008/09York" /> Russell ya ƙi amincewa da tayin aro ga ƙungiyoyi biyu na Conference North a watan Satumba na 2009, domin yana son ya zauna ya yi fafutukar neman gurbinsa a York. Ya koma ƙungiyar abokan hamayyar York ta Conference Premier Tamworth a ranar 17 ga Satumba 2009 akan aro na wata ɗaya, bayan ya kasa buga wasa a York har zuwa wannan lokacin a 2009–10 . An tsawaita rancen har zuwa 1 ga Janairu 2010 a watan Oktoba. Ya koma York a ranar 19 ga Disamba 2009 kuma ya koma Cambridge United a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen 2009-10 a ranar 22 ga Janairu 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a karon farko a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun Crawley Town a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2010. Ya koma York a ƙarshen kakar wasa bayan ya buga wasanni 17 a matsayin aro a Cambridge, <ref name="2009/10Cambridge" /> kuma manaja Martin Ling ya ce ƙungiyar za ta ba Russell kwangilar dindindin idan York ta sallame shi. Ya sake sanya hannu a Cambridge na dindindin kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 10 ga Mayu. Russell ya fara kakar wasa ta 2010–11 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi ga Cambridge, inda ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Crawley a ranar 17 ga Agusta <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2010 |title=Cambridge vs Crawley Town |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10423~54363,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313183507/http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10423~54363%2C00.html |archive-date=13 March 2012 |publisher=Cambridge United F.C.}}</ref> sannan ya kara kwallaye hudu don jagorantar jadawalin kwallayen kulob din a watan Nuwamba.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Russell ya sanya hannu a sabuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Conference Premier da aka rage daga gasar Lincoln City a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2011 bisa kwangilar shekara ɗaya bayan Cambridge ta ba shi damar shiga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2011 |title=Imps snap up midfielder Russell |url=http://www.redimps.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10440~2397535,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905143829/http://www.redimps.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10440~2397535,00.html |archive-date=5 September 2012 |access-date=20 July 2011 |publisher=Lincoln City F.C.}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2011–12 da wasanni 30 da kuma kwallaye 1 da ya ci wa Lincoln <ref name="SW">{{Cite web |title=S. Russell |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/simon-russell/36141/ |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> kafin ya sanya hannu a kwangilar shekara guda da Alfreton Town a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2012. Ya sanya hannu a kulob din Conference North Gainsborough Trinity akan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta a ranar 10 ga Janairu 2013. Russell ya sanya hannu a sabuwar ƙungiyar National League ta North Ferriby United a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Withers |first=Phil |date=14 June 2016 |title=Second new signing and two familiar faces |url=http://northferribyunited.com/second-new-signing-and-two-familiar-faces-n |access-date=14 June 2016 |publisher=North Ferriby United A.F.C.}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2018, Russell ya sake shiga Gainsborough Trinity . Russell ya sanya hannu a Tadcaster Albion kafin kakar wasa ta 2020-21. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Simon Russell – Tadcaster Albion AFC Tadcaster Albion |url=https://www.tadalbion.com/teams/111701/player/simon-russell-2557225/78339}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2022, Russell ya sanar da yin ritaya. == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 29 April 2017}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Hull City |2002–03 |Third Division |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[EFL Trophy|Football League Trophy]]}} |0 |2 |0 |- |2003–04 |Third Division |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !2 !0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] |[[2004–05 Kidderminster Harriers F.C. season|2004–05]] |League Two |28 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |29 |2 |- |2005–06 |Conference National |31 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Two appearances in Football League Trophy, one in [[FA Trophy]]}} |0 |35 |2 |- |2006–07<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2008 118-119">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliamsWilliams2007">Williams, Mike; Williams, Tony, eds. </cite></ref> |Conference National |42 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9{{Efn|Appearance(s) in FA Trophy}} |2 |52 |6 |- |2007–08<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009 96-97">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliamsWilliams2008">Williams, Mike; Williams, Tony, eds. </cite></ref> |Conference Premier |30 |6 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5{{Efn|Three appearances in FA Trophy, two appearances and one goal in [[Conference League Cup]]}} |1 |36 |7 |- |2008–09<ref name="2008/09Kiddy">{{Cite book|edition=James}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliamsWright2009">Williams, Tony; Wright, James, eds. </cite></ref> |Conference Premier |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !14 !4 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !17 !3 !155 !17 |- | rowspan="3" |York City |2008–09 |Conference Premier |24 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |7{{Efn|Two appearances and one goal in Conference League Cup, five appearances in FA Trophy}} |1 |33 |1 |- |2009–10 |Conference Premier |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !24 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !7 !1 !33 !1 |- |Tamworth (loan) |2009–10<ref>{{Cite book|edition=James}}</ref> |Conference Premier |11 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |12 |0 |- |Cambridge United (loan) |2009–10 |Conference Premier |15 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2[c] |0 |17 |0 |- | rowspan="2" |Cambridge United |2010–11<ref name="SW" /> |Conference Premier |31 |6 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |3[c] |1 |37 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !46 !6 !3 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !5 !1 !54 !8 |- |Lincoln City |2011–12<ref name="SW" /> |Conference Premier |26 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[c] |0 |30 |1 |- |Alfreton Town |2012–13<ref name="SW" /> |Conference Premier |15 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |15 |0 |- | rowspan="5" |Gainsborough Trinity |2012–13<ref name="SW" /> |Conference North |15 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4[c] |1 |19 |5 |- |2013–14<ref name="SW" /> |Conference North |40 |10 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1[c] |0 |42 |10 |- |2014–15<ref name="SW" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=McMillan |first=Dave |title=Gainsborough Trinity 4–0 Marine |url=http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/marine/news/gainsborough-trinity-4-0-marine-1309452.html |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Marine F.C. |via=Pitchero}}</ref> |Conference North |35 |7 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |37 |7 |- |2015–16<ref name="SW" /> |National League North |35 |5 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2[c] |0 |41 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !125 !26 !7 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !7 !1 !139 !27 |- |North Ferriby United |2016–17<ref name="SW">{{Cite web |title=S. Russell |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/simon-russell/36141/ |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://int.soccerway.com/players/simon-russell/36141/ "S. Russell"]. </cite></ref> |National League |20 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |21 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !402 !48 !19 !1 !0 !0 !40 !6 !461 !55 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://northferribyunited.com/simon-russell-lp Bayanin Simon Russell] a shafin yanar gizon North Ferriby United AFC * Simon Russell [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] oykmeinjw65sk99f2hqvzgqosd8v0y0 887705 887697 2026-07-26T13:41:10Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Simon Craig Russell''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Maris 1985) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]]. Ya taba bugawa Hull City da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila kafin ya koma kungiyar Non-League da York City, Tamworth, Cambridge United, Lincoln City, Alfreton Town da North Ferriby United da kuma Gainsborough Trinity . == Sana'a == An haife shi a Hull, East Riding na Yorkshire, Russell ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horo a Hull City . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko bayan ya dawo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa na minti 60 a wasan da suka buga da Port Vale a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2002, wanda aka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-1. Ya fara buga gasar a rukuni na uku a gasar a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 4-1 a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2003. <ref name="Games played by Simon Russell in 2002/2003" /> Bai buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko ta Hull ba a kakar wasa ta 2003–04, amma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar reserve ta lashe gasar East Riding Senior Cup bayan ya zura kwallaye a wasan ƙarshe, wanda ya kare da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2004 |title=Tigers victorious in East Riding Senior Cup Final |url=http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~524444,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829231440/http://www.hullcityafc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10338~524444,00.html |archive-date=29 August 2012 |access-date=11 April 2011 |publisher=Hull City A.F.C.}}</ref> Hull ta sallame shi a lokacin bazara na 2004 bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a madadin ƙungiyar, kuma ƙungiyar Ligue Two Kidderminster ta saye shi a watan Yulin 2004 akan kwantiragin shekaru biyu, wanda kocinsa Jan Mølby ya bayyana shi a matsayin, "...&nbsp;[yana da] injin mai ban mamaki kuma yana iya tashi da kwallo ɗaya ko biyu." Ya kammala kakar wasa ta farko bayan Kidderminster da wasanni 29 da kuma kwallaye 2 yayin da aka mayar da su zuwa gasar Conference National . Ya samu karyewar wuyan hannu a watan Nuwamba na 2005 wanda hakan ya hana shi yin wasa na tsawon watanni uku na 2005–06, amma ya dawo bayan watanni biyu lokacin da ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 63 a wasan da suka yi da Altrincham a ranar 2 ga Janairun 2006. Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 35 da kuma kwallaye 2. <ref name="2005-06" /> Bayan ya buga wasanni 52 kuma ya zura kwallaye 6 a kakar wasa ta 2006–07, <ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2008 118-119">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}</ref> ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekara guda da kulob din, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a kungiyar a yanzu. Ya samu rauni a cinyarsa wanda hakan ya hana shi buga wasa a farkon kakar wasa ta 2007–08, sannan ya dawo wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-1 a kan Droylsden a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2007. Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 36 da kuma kwallaye 6. <ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009 96-97">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}</ref> [[Fayil:Simon_Russell_09-05-2009_1.jpg|thumb| Russell bayan ya buga wa York City wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin FA ta 2009]] Bayan ya buga wasanni uku a Kidderminster har zuwa wannan lokacin a 2008–09, <ref name="2008/09Kiddy">{{Cite book|edition=James}}</ref> Russell ya sanya hannu a kulob din Conference Premier na York City a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta a ranar 22 ga Agusta 2008. Ya fara buga wasa a karon farko bayan kwana ɗaya a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 54 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Northwich Victoria . Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a lokacin wasan York da Grays Athletic a watan Disamba, wanda hakan ya sa bai buga wasan Histon ba. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga York kai tsaye daga bugun kusurwa a wasan da Barrow ya sha kashi da ci 3-1 a gasar cin kofin Conference League a ranar 20 ga Janairun 2009. <ref name="2008/09York" /> Ya shigo ne a matsayin madadinsa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin FA na 2009 a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2009, wanda York ta sha kashi 2-0 a hannun [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] . <ref name="2008/09York" /> Russell ya ƙi amincewa da tayin aro ga ƙungiyoyi biyu na Conference North a watan Satumba na 2009, domin yana son ya zauna ya yi fafutukar neman gurbinsa a York. Ya koma ƙungiyar abokan hamayyar York ta Conference Premier Tamworth a ranar 17 ga Satumba 2009 akan aro na wata ɗaya, bayan ya kasa buga wasa a York har zuwa wannan lokacin a 2009–10 . An tsawaita rancen har zuwa 1 ga Janairu 2010 a watan Oktoba. Ya koma York a ranar 19 ga Disamba 2009 kuma ya koma Cambridge United a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen 2009-10 a ranar 22 ga Janairu 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a karon farko a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun Crawley Town a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2010. Ya koma York a ƙarshen kakar wasa bayan ya buga wasanni 17 a matsayin aro a Cambridge, <ref name="2009/10Cambridge" /> kuma manaja Martin Ling ya ce ƙungiyar za ta ba Russell kwangilar dindindin idan York ta sallame shi. Ya sake sanya hannu a Cambridge na dindindin kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 10 ga Mayu. Russell ya fara kakar wasa ta 2010–11 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi ga Cambridge, inda ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Crawley a ranar 17 ga Agusta <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2010 |title=Cambridge vs Crawley Town |url=http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0,,10423~54363,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313183507/http://www.cambridge-united.co.uk/page/MatchReport/0%2C%2C10423~54363%2C00.html |archive-date=13 March 2012 |publisher=Cambridge United F.C.}}</ref> sannan ya kara kwallaye hudu don jagorantar jadawalin kwallayen kulob din a watan Nuwamba.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Russell ya sanya hannu a sabuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Conference Premier da aka rage daga gasar Lincoln City a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2011 bisa kwangilar shekara ɗaya bayan Cambridge ta ba shi damar shiga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2011 |title=Imps snap up midfielder Russell |url=http://www.redimps.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10440~2397535,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905143829/http://www.redimps.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10440~2397535,00.html |archive-date=5 September 2012 |access-date=20 July 2011 |publisher=Lincoln City F.C.}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2011–12 da wasanni 30 da kuma kwallaye 1 da ya ci wa Lincoln <ref name="SW">{{Cite web |title=S. Russell |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/simon-russell/36141/ |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> kafin ya sanya hannu a kwangilar shekara guda da Alfreton Town a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2012. Ya sanya hannu a kulob din Conference North Gainsborough Trinity akan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta a ranar 10 ga Janairu 2013. Russell ya sanya hannu a sabuwar ƙungiyar National League ta North Ferriby United a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Withers |first=Phil |date=14 June 2016 |title=Second new signing and two familiar faces |url=http://northferribyunited.com/second-new-signing-and-two-familiar-faces-n |access-date=14 June 2016 |publisher=North Ferriby United A.F.C.}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2018, Russell ya sake shiga Gainsborough Trinity . Russell ya sanya hannu a Tadcaster Albion kafin kakar wasa ta 2020-21. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Simon Russell – Tadcaster Albion AFC Tadcaster Albion |url=https://www.tadalbion.com/teams/111701/player/simon-russell-2557225/78339}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2022, Russell ya sanar da yin ritaya. == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 29 April 2017}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Hull City |2002–03 |Third Division |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[EFL Trophy|Football League Trophy]]}} |0 |2 |0 |- |2003–04 |Third Division |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !2 !0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] |[[2004–05 Kidderminster Harriers F.C. season|2004–05]] |League Two |28 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |29 |2 |- |2005–06 |Conference National |31 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Two appearances in Football League Trophy, one in [[FA Trophy]]}} |0 |35 |2 |- |2006–07<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2008 118-119">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliamsWilliams2007">Williams, Mike; Williams, Tony, eds. </cite></ref> |Conference National |42 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9{{Efn|Appearance(s) in FA Trophy}} |2 |52 |6 |- |2007–08<ref name="Non-League Club Directory 2009 96-97">{{Cite book|edition=Tony}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliamsWilliams2008">Williams, Mike; Williams, Tony, eds. </cite></ref> |Conference Premier |30 |6 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5{{Efn|Three appearances in FA Trophy, two appearances and one goal in [[Conference League Cup]]}} |1 |36 |7 |- |2008–09<ref name="2008/09Kiddy">{{Cite book|edition=James}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliamsWright2009">Williams, Tony; Wright, James, eds. </cite></ref> |Conference Premier |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !14 !4 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !17 !3 !155 !17 |- | rowspan="3" |York City |2008–09 |Conference Premier |24 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |7{{Efn|Two appearances and one goal in Conference League Cup, five appearances in FA Trophy}} |1 |33 |1 |- |2009–10 |Conference Premier |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !24 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !7 !1 !33 !1 |- |Tamworth (loan) |2009–10<ref>{{Cite book|edition=James}}</ref> |Conference Premier |11 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |12 |0 |- |Cambridge United (loan) |2009–10 |Conference Premier |15 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2[c] |0 |17 |0 |- | rowspan="2" |Cambridge United |2010–11<ref name="SW" /> |Conference Premier |31 |6 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |3[c] |1 |37 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !46 !6 !3 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !5 !1 !54 !8 |- |Lincoln City |2011–12<ref name="SW" /> |Conference Premier |26 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[c] |0 |30 |1 |- |Alfreton Town |2012–13<ref name="SW" /> |Conference Premier |15 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |15 |0 |- | rowspan="5" |Gainsborough Trinity |2012–13<ref name="SW" /> |Conference North |15 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4[c] |1 |19 |5 |- |2013–14<ref name="SW" /> |Conference North |40 |10 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1[c] |0 |42 |10 |- |2014–15<ref name="SW" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=McMillan |first=Dave |title=Gainsborough Trinity 4–0 Marine |url=http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/marine/news/gainsborough-trinity-4-0-marine-1309452.html |access-date=3 January 2017 |publisher=Marine F.C. |via=Pitchero}}</ref> |Conference North |35 |7 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |37 |7 |- |2015–16<ref name="SW" /> |National League North |35 |5 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2[c] |0 |41 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !125 !26 !7 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !7 !1 !139 !27 |- |North Ferriby United |2016–17<ref name="SW">{{Cite web |title=S. Russell |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/simon-russell/36141/ |access-date=15 July 2017 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://int.soccerway.com/players/simon-russell/36141/ "S. Russell"]. </cite></ref> |National League |20 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |21 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !402 !48 !19 !1 !0 !0 !40 !6 !461 !55 |} {{Notelist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://northferribyunited.com/simon-russell-lp Bayanin Simon Russell] a shafin yanar gizon North Ferriby United AFC * Simon Russell [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] == Manazarta == nuj0ehrj882z7ytwrnesnzjt2aoczwh 0 162301 887698 2026-07-26T13:34:19Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346720459|Bryan Man]]" 887698 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brian Alberto Men''' ( Hebrew ; an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Disamba 1983) ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Argentina|na Argentina]] da [[Isra'ila]] ne. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === Mutum ya yi aliyah da iyalinsa a shekarar 1990 a ƙarƙashin [[Dokar Komawa|Dokar Dawowa]] . Iyayensa sun fuskanci matsala wajen sabawa da zama a Isra'ila, don haka suka koma Argentina. Amma Bryan da 'yar'uwarsa Michelle sun koma Isra'ila. === Sana'ar wasa === Bayan ya shiga sahun makarantar horar da matasa ta Maccabi Tel Aviv, Man bai yi wasa sosai ba Nir Klinger . Man da kansa ya danganta hakan da fifikon Klinger ga 'yan wasan gaba na ƙasashen waje ba 'yan wasan gaba na cikin gida daga matasan ƙungiyar ba. Daga baya ya buga wasa da [[Small scale|ƙananan]] ƙungiyoyi, kuma a watan Yunin 2010 aka sallame shi daga Hapoel Ashkelon . Shi ɗan kasuwa ne kuma yana zaune a Ashkelon . === Aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa === Man ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa lokacin da ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta Isra'ila wasa a ranar 29 ga Disamba 1999, lokacin da suka fafata da takwarorinsu na Switzerland a gasar da aka shirya a yankin. Ya buga wasanni biyu a cikin kwanaki biyu da suka biyo baya da ƙungiyoyin Turkiyya da Austria. Ya cancanci buga wa ƙungiyoyin ƙasa na [[Isra'ila]] da [[Argentina]] wasa. === Rayuwa ta sirri === Mutum yana da jarfa guda biyar, ciki har da jarfa ta lamba 7 (lambar rigar da yake so) da kuma alamar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa da yake so == Bayanan ƙasa == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] dd63ba5wdiszn0pmtfeitu8pa7jbo29 887704 887698 2026-07-26T13:40:29Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Brian Alberto Men''' ( Hebrew ; an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Disamba 1983) ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Argentina|na Argentina]] da [[Isra'ila]] ne. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === Mutum ya yi aliyah da iyalinsa a shekarar 1990 a ƙarƙashin [[Dokar Komawa|Dokar Dawowa]] . Iyayensa sun fuskanci matsala wajen sabawa da zama a Isra'ila, don haka suka koma Argentina. Amma Bryan da 'yar'uwarsa Michelle sun koma Isra'ila. === Sana'ar wasa === Bayan ya shiga sahun makarantar horar da matasa ta Maccabi Tel Aviv, Man bai yi wasa sosai ba Nir Klinger . Man da kansa ya danganta hakan da fifikon Klinger ga 'yan wasan gaba na ƙasashen waje ba 'yan wasan gaba na cikin gida daga matasan ƙungiyar ba. Daga baya ya buga wasa da [[Small scale|ƙananan]] ƙungiyoyi, kuma a watan Yunin 2010 aka sallame shi daga Hapoel Ashkelon . Shi ɗan kasuwa ne kuma yana zaune a Ashkelon . === Aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa === Man ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa lokacin da ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta Isra'ila wasa a ranar 29 ga Disamba 1999, lokacin da suka fafata da takwarorinsu na Switzerland a gasar da aka shirya a yankin. Ya buga wasanni biyu a cikin kwanaki biyu da suka biyo baya da ƙungiyoyin Turkiyya da Austria. Ya cancanci buga wa ƙungiyoyin ƙasa na [[Isra'ila]] da [[Argentina]] wasa. === Rayuwa ta sirri === Mutum yana da jarfa guda biyar, ciki har da jarfa ta lamba 7 (lambar rigar da yake so) da kuma alamar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa da yake so == Bayanan ƙasa == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} tmbzti35fckhrl7i9xn3ip1j3cytuxw 0 162302 887700 2026-07-26T13:35:44Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363660222|Muhammad Shafi]]" 887700 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />'''Muhammad Shafi''' (24 Janairu 1897 - 6 Oktoba 1976), wanda aka fi sani da '''Mufti Muhammad Shafi''', [[Ulama'u|malamin Islama]] ne dan Sunni dan [['Yan Pakistan|Pakistan]] na makarantar Deobandi, masanin fikihu [[Hanafiyya]] kuma mufti, kuma ya kasance mai iko akan [[Shari'a|shari'ah]], [[hadisi]], tafsirin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Kur'ani]], da [[Sufiyya|Sufanci]] . An haife shi a Deoband, ƙasar Birtaniya ta Indiya, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1917 daga Darul Uloom Deoband, inda daga baya ya koyar da hadisi kuma ya riƙe mufti. Ya yi murabus a shekarar 1943 domin ya sadaukar da lokacinsa ga Ƙungiyar Pakistan . Bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya koma Pakistan, inda ya kafa Darul Uloom Karachi a shekarar 1951. Daga cikin rubuce-rubucensa, wanda ya fi shahara shine ''Ma'ariful Qur'an'', wani sharhin Urdu game da [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] . == Haihuwa da ƙuruciya tun tana ƙarama == An haifi Muhammad Shafi, ɗan Muhammad Yasin, a ranar 24 ga Janairu 1897 (20 Sha'aban 1314 AH ) a Deoband, Birtaniya Indiya, daga dangin Usman . Sheikh na mahaifinsa, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, ya ba shi suna "Muhammad Shafi", kodayake kakansa, Khalifah Tahsin Ali, ya sanya masa suna "Muhammad Mubin". <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}</ref> Shafi ya girma a cikin yanayi na addini. Tun yana yaro yana wasa a farfajiyar Darul Uloom Deoband kuma yana zaune tare da mahaifinsa, wanda malami ne a makarantar. <ref name="interview" /> == Ilimi == Yana da shekaru biyar, Shafi ya fara haddace Alƙur'ani tare da Muhammad Azim da Namdar Khan a Darul Uloom. A shekarar 1907 ko 1908 (1325 AH), ya fara karatun Urdu, Farisanci, lissafi da sauran fannoni a Darul Uloom Deoband, wanda ya kammala cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifinsa. <ref name="rafi" /> Ya yi karatun lissafi da [[Euclid]] daga kawunsa Munshi Manzur Ahmad da kuma karatun Alqur'ani daga Muhammad Yusuf Miruthi. Tare da koyar da Shafi littattafan Farisa, Maulana Yasin ya kuma koyar da shi littattafan [[Larabci]] na farko na ''sarf'' (morphology), ''nahw'' (nahawu), da ''[[Fiƙihu|fiqh]]'' (fikihu), har zuwa ''Fusul-i Akbari'', ''Hidayat an-Nahw'', da ''Munyat al-Musalli'' . A shekara ta 1330 bayan hijira (1912) ko 1331 bayan hijira (1913) Shafi ya shiga makarantar Darul Uloom Deoband a matsayin babban ajin Larabci. Ya yi Hadisin Daurah a shekara ta 1335 bayan hijira (1916/1917) a ƙarƙashin kulawar Anwar Shah Kashmiri, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1336 bayan hijira (1917/1918). <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> <ref name="shafi" /> Malaman da Shafi ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashinsu sun haɗa da: <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="interview" /> <ref name="shafi" /> * Anwar Shah Kashmiri * Shabir Ahmad Usmani * [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani|Azizur Rahman Usmani]] * Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi * Izaz Ali Amrohi * Muhammad Rasul Khan * [[Ibrahim Balyawi|Muhammad Ibrahim Balliyawi]] * Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi * Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad Daga cikin malamansa akwai Anwar Shah Kashmiri, wanda shi ne babban malamin makarantar. Wasu daga cikin littattafan da Shafi ya yi karatu tare da shi sun haɗa da ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', ''[[Jami at-Tirmizi|Sahih al-Tirmidhi]]'' (banda ƙaramin ɓangare), ''Shama'il'' da ' ''Ilal'' ' na [[Al-Tirmidhi|at-Tirmidhi]], ''al-Falsafah al-'Arabiyah'' akan falsafar zamani, da ''Sharh an-Nafisi'' akan magani ( ''tibb'' ). Shafi yana cikin ɗaliban Kashmir mafi kusanci, kuma daga baya Kashmiri zai zaɓi Shafi don neman taimako wajen musanta [[Ahmadiyya|Harkar Ahmadiyya]] . Shafi ya yi karatun ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'' da rabin ''Hidayah'' tare da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, wanda daga baya zai raka shi a cikin wannan yunkuri na ƙirƙirar Pakistan. Tare da Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi ya karanci tarin hadisan ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]]'', ''[[Sunan an-Nasai|Sunan an-Nasa'i]]'', da ragowar ''Sahihul Tirmidhi'' . Tare da Azizur Rahman shugaban sashin fatawa na Darul Uloom, Shafi ya karanci Muwatta [[Imam Malik Ibn Anas|Imam Malik]] wajen watsa Yahya bn Yahya da watsa ash-Shaybani, [[Al-Tahawi|at-Tahawi]] 's ''Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar'', ''Tafsir al-Jalalayn'', ''Mishkat al-Masabih, Sharh al-Masabih, Sharh Ma'ani Al-Athar'', da ''Sharh Al-Masabih'', da [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani|Ibnul]] Hasabih. ''Hisn-i Hasin'' . Ya karanta ''Sunan Ibn Majah'' a wajen Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi. Tare da Izaz Ali Amrohi ya karanci dukkan littafan adabi, ''da Sharh Hidayat al-Hikmah'' na Maibazi, da At-Taftazani 's ''Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyah'', Ubayd Allah al-Mahbubi's ''Sharh al-Wiqayah'', da wasu littafai. Tare da Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim ya yi karatun ''Sadra'' da ''Shams al-Bazighah'' . Bayan Daurah, wasu littattafai kaɗan sun rage, ciki har da ''Qazi'', ''Mir Zahid'', da ''Umur-i 'Ammah'' —an kammala waɗannan a shekara ta 1336 bayan hijira (1917/1918). A wannan shekarar an naɗa Shafi don ya koyar da wasu darussa. <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="shafi" /> == Sana'a == Shafi ya fara koyarwa a Darul Uloom Deoband a shekarar 1918 ko 1919 (1337 AH). <ref name="rizvi" /> Ya koyar da littattafan matakin farko na manhajar karatu, daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Hadisin Daura. <ref name="rizvi" /> Littafin farko na matakin Daurah da aka ba shi shine ''Muwatta Imam Malik'', kuma daga baya ya koyar da wasu littattafai. A shekara ta 1354 bayan hijira (1935/1936) aka ba shi amanar koyar da ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]]'' na wani lokaci a madadin Maulana Asghar Husain. Bisa buƙatar Husain aka ba shi wannan laccar har abada, kuma ya koyar da ita har sai da ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband a shekarar 1943 (1362 AH). An ɗauke Shafi a matsayin malami mai ƙwarewa a fannoni da dama, amma biyu daga cikin darussansa sun fi shahara - ɗaya shine ''Sunan Abu Dawud'', ɗayan kuma shine ''Maqamat al-Hariri'' a cikin adabin Larabci. <ref name="rafi" /> Bayan ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband ya karantar da ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahihul Bukhari]]'' na tsawon wata uku a Jamiah Islamiyah Dabhel, inda ya cika Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani . <ref name="rafi" /> Shafi ya kafa Darul Uloom Karachi a shekara ta 1951 (Shawwal 1370H). A can ya koyar da ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' tsawon shekaru da dama, haka kuma ya koyar da ''Muwatta Malik'' da ''Shama'il at-Tirmidhi'' . Duk lokacin da saboda lafiya ko wasu nauyi ya kasa koyar da ''Bukhari'' gaba ɗaya, to waɗannan shekarun zai koyar har zuwa Littafin Alwala, sauran kuma sauran malamai za su rufe sauran. A cikin shekaru huɗu na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, yana kwance a kan gado don haka ba ya iya koyarwa akai-akai. Duk da haka, bisa ga dagewar ɗalibai da malamai, kowace shekara yana koyar da darasin farko na ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' da kuma darasin ƙarshe na [[Kutub al-Sittah|Sihah Sittah]] . == Fatawa, Hukunce-hukuncen == Shafi yakan taimaka wa [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani|Azizur Rahman Usmani]], shugaban sashen fatawa na makarantar. Azizur Rahman ya yi murabus daga Darul Uloom a shekara ta 1344 bayan hijira (1925/1926). Wasu kuma sun rike mukamin Sadr Mufti (Babban Mufti) har zuwa lokacin da Majlis-e-Shura ta Darul Uloom Deoband ta nada Shafi a kan mukamin a ranar 28 ga Rabi al-Awwal 1350H (a. 13 ga Agusta 1931). <ref name="rizvi" /> [ bayani na 1 ] Baya ga ɗaukar nauyin rubuta fatawa, Shafi ya ci gaba da koyar da wasu littattafan hadisi da tafsiri. [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] fi1kq4a2kzk3d3u7lfla2kz28r9r63o 887701 887700 2026-07-26T13:36:28Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363660222|Muhammad Shafi]]" 887701 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />'''Muhammad Shafi''' (24 Janairu 1897 - 6 Oktoba 1976), wanda aka fi sani da '''Mufti Muhammad Shafi''', [[Ulama'u|malamin Islama]] ne dan Sunni dan [['Yan Pakistan|Pakistan]] na makarantar Deobandi, masanin fikihu [[Hanafiyya]] kuma mufti, kuma ya kasance mai iko akan [[Shari'a|shari'ah]], [[hadisi]], tafsirin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Kur'ani]], da [[Sufiyya|Sufanci]] . An haife shi a Deoband, ƙasar Birtaniya ta Indiya, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1917 daga Darul Uloom Deoband, inda daga baya ya koyar da hadisi kuma ya riƙe mufti. Ya yi murabus a shekarar 1943 domin ya sadaukar da lokacinsa ga Ƙungiyar Pakistan . Bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya koma Pakistan, inda ya kafa Darul Uloom Karachi a shekarar 1951. Daga cikin rubuce-rubucensa, wanda ya fi shahara shine ''Ma'ariful Qur'an'', wani sharhin Urdu game da [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] . == Haihuwa da ƙuruciya tun tana ƙarama == An haifi Muhammad Shafi, ɗan Muhammad Yasin, a ranar 24 ga Janairu 1897 (20 Sha'aban 1314 AH ) a Deoband, Birtaniya Indiya, daga dangin Usman . Sheikh na mahaifinsa, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, ya ba shi suna "Muhammad Shafi", kodayake kakansa, Khalifah Tahsin Ali, ya sanya masa suna "Muhammad Mubin". <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}</ref> Shafi ya girma a cikin yanayi na addini. Tun yana yaro yana wasa a farfajiyar Darul Uloom Deoband kuma yana zaune tare da mahaifinsa, wanda malami ne a makarantar. <ref name="interview" /> == Ilimi == Yana da shekaru biyar, Shafi ya fara haddace Alƙur'ani tare da Muhammad Azim da Namdar Khan a Darul Uloom. A shekarar 1907 ko 1908 (1325 AH), ya fara karatun Urdu, Farisanci, lissafi da sauran fannoni a Darul Uloom Deoband, wanda ya kammala cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifinsa. <ref name="rafi" /> Ya yi karatun lissafi da [[Euclid]] daga kawunsa Munshi Manzur Ahmad da kuma karatun Alqur'ani daga Muhammad Yusuf Miruthi. Tare da koyar da Shafi littattafan Farisa, Maulana Yasin ya kuma koyar da shi littattafan [[Larabci]] na farko na ''sarf'' (morphology), ''nahw'' (nahawu), da ''[[Fiƙihu|fiqh]]'' (fikihu), har zuwa ''Fusul-i Akbari'', ''Hidayat an-Nahw'', da ''Munyat al-Musalli'' . A shekara ta 1330 bayan hijira (1912) ko 1331 bayan hijira (1913) Shafi ya shiga makarantar Darul Uloom Deoband a matsayin babban ajin Larabci. Ya yi Hadisin Daurah a shekara ta 1335 bayan hijira (1916/1917) a ƙarƙashin kulawar Anwar Shah Kashmiri, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1336 bayan hijira (1917/1918). <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> <ref name="shafi" /> Malaman da Shafi ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashinsu sun haɗa da: <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="interview" /> <ref name="shafi" /> * Anwar Shah Kashmiri * Shabir Ahmad Usmani * [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani|Azizur Rahman Usmani]] * Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi * Izaz Ali Amrohi * Muhammad Rasul Khan * [[Ibrahim Balyawi|Muhammad Ibrahim Balliyawi]] * Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi * Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad Daga cikin malamansa akwai Anwar Shah Kashmiri, wanda shi ne babban malamin makarantar. Wasu daga cikin littattafan da Shafi ya yi karatu tare da shi sun haɗa da ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', ''[[Jami at-Tirmizi|Sahih al-Tirmidhi]]'' (banda ƙaramin ɓangare), ''Shama'il'' da ' ''Ilal'' ' na [[Al-Tirmidhi|at-Tirmidhi]], ''al-Falsafah al-'Arabiyah'' akan falsafar zamani, da ''Sharh an-Nafisi'' akan magani ( ''tibb'' ). Shafi yana cikin ɗaliban Kashmir mafi kusanci, kuma daga baya Kashmiri zai zaɓi Shafi don neman taimako wajen musanta [[Ahmadiyya|Harkar Ahmadiyya]] . Shafi ya yi karatun ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'' da rabin ''Hidayah'' tare da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, wanda daga baya zai raka shi a cikin wannan yunkuri na ƙirƙirar Pakistan. Tare da Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi ya karanci tarin hadisan ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]]'', ''[[Sunan an-Nasai|Sunan an-Nasa'i]]'', da ragowar ''Sahihul Tirmidhi'' . Tare da Azizur Rahman shugaban sashin fatawa na Darul Uloom, Shafi ya karanci Muwatta [[Imam Malik Ibn Anas|Imam Malik]] wajen watsa Yahya bn Yahya da watsa ash-Shaybani, [[Al-Tahawi|at-Tahawi]] 's ''Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar'', ''Tafsir al-Jalalayn'', ''Mishkat al-Masabih, Sharh al-Masabih, Sharh Ma'ani Al-Athar'', da ''Sharh Al-Masabih'', da [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani|Ibnul]] Hasabih. ''Hisn-i Hasin'' . Ya karanta ''Sunan Ibn Majah'' a wajen Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi. Tare da Izaz Ali Amrohi ya karanci dukkan littafan adabi, ''da Sharh Hidayat al-Hikmah'' na Maibazi, da At-Taftazani 's ''Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyah'', Ubayd Allah al-Mahbubi's ''Sharh al-Wiqayah'', da wasu littafai. Tare da Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim ya yi karatun ''Sadra'' da ''Shams al-Bazighah'' . Bayan Daurah, wasu littattafai kaɗan sun rage, ciki har da ''Qazi'', ''Mir Zahid'', da ''Umur-i 'Ammah'' —an kammala waɗannan a shekara ta 1336 bayan hijira (1917/1918). A wannan shekarar an naɗa Shafi don ya koyar da wasu darussa. <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="shafi" /> == Sana'a == Shafi ya fara koyarwa a Darul Uloom Deoband a shekarar 1918 ko 1919 (1337 AH). <ref name="rizvi" /> Ya koyar da littattafan matakin farko na manhajar karatu, daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Hadisin Daura. <ref name="rizvi" /> Littafin farko na matakin Daurah da aka ba shi shine ''Muwatta Imam Malik'', kuma daga baya ya koyar da wasu littattafai. A shekara ta 1354 bayan hijira (1935/1936) aka ba shi amanar koyar da ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]]'' na wani lokaci a madadin Maulana Asghar Husain. Bisa buƙatar Husain aka ba shi wannan laccar har abada, kuma ya koyar da ita har sai da ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband a shekarar 1943 (1362 AH). An ɗauke Shafi a matsayin malami mai ƙwarewa a fannoni da dama, amma biyu daga cikin darussansa sun fi shahara - ɗaya shine ''Sunan Abu Dawud'', ɗayan kuma shine ''Maqamat al-Hariri'' a cikin adabin Larabci. <ref name="rafi" /> Bayan ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband ya karantar da ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahihul Bukhari]]'' na tsawon wata uku a Jamiah Islamiyah Dabhel, inda ya cika Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani . <ref name="rafi" /> Shafi ya kafa Darul Uloom Karachi a shekara ta 1951 (Shawwal 1370H). A can ya koyar da ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' tsawon shekaru da dama, haka kuma ya koyar da ''Muwatta Malik'' da ''Shama'il at-Tirmidhi'' . Duk lokacin da saboda lafiya ko wasu nauyi ya kasa koyar da ''Bukhari'' gaba ɗaya, to waɗannan shekarun zai koyar har zuwa Littafin Alwala, sauran kuma sauran malamai za su rufe sauran. A cikin shekaru huɗu na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, yana kwance a kan gado don haka ba ya iya koyarwa akai-akai. Duk da haka, bisa ga dagewar ɗalibai da malamai, kowace shekara yana koyar da darasin farko na ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' da kuma darasin ƙarshe na [[Kutub al-Sittah|Sihah Sittah]] . == Fatawa, Hukunce-hukuncen == Shafi yakan taimaka wa [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani|Azizur Rahman Usmani]], shugaban sashen fatawa na makarantar. Azizur Rahman ya yi murabus daga Darul Uloom a shekara ta 1344 bayan hijira (1925/1926). Wasu kuma sun rike mukamin Sadr Mufti (Babban Mufti) har zuwa lokacin da Majlis-e-Shura ta Darul Uloom Deoband ta nada Shafi a kan mukamin a ranar 28 ga Rabi al-Awwal 1350H (a. 13 ga Agusta 1931). <ref name="rizvi" /> [ bayani na 1 ] Baya ga ɗaukar nauyin rubuta fatawa, Shafi ya ci gaba da koyar da wasu littattafan hadisi da tafsiri. A cikin Nuwamba 1932 (Rajab 1351), Shafi ya buga wata waraka mai suna ''Nihayat al-arab fi ghayat an-nasab'' on caste . Masu saƙa na yankin Deoband (waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ƙabila mai ƙanƙanta) sun yi tawaye ga fatawar, kuma daga farkon 1353 AH (1934/1935) zuwa ƙarshen 1354 AH (1935/1936) an gudanar da tarurrukan gangami da barazana ga Shafi, wanda hakan ya sa wasu malamai suka ɗauki matsayin masu tsaron lafiyarsa. Malamai da dama sun rubuta ko kuma sun yi magana don kare fatawar, ciki har da Shaikh Ashraf Ali Thanwi na Shafi, Sayyid Asghar Husain, da Husain Ahmad Madani. Saboda wannan ce-ce-ku-ce, Shafi ya nemi a mayar da shi sashen koyarwa, buƙatar da Majlis-e-Shura ta amince da ita a watan Sha'aban 1354 AH (kimanin Nuwamba 1935). <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> Shafi ya ci gaba da kasancewa a sashen koyarwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, inda wasu malamai biyu suka riƙe muƙamin Sadr Mufti. A ranar 25 ga Safar 1359 bayan hijira (kimanin 4 ga Afrilu 1940), an naɗa Shafi a matsayin shugaban wannan hukuma a karo na biyu. <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> Ya riƙe wannan muƙamin har sai da ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband a Rabi al-Awwal 1362 AH (Maris 1943). <ref name="rafi" /> [ bayani na 2 ] Kiyasin adadin fatawoyin da ya bayar yayin da yake Darul Uloom Deoband ya kama daga 26,000 <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> zuwa sama da 40,000. An buga wasu daga cikin fatawoyin Muhammad Shafi a cikin manyan littattafai takwas masu taken ''Imdad al-Muftin'', yayin da yawancinsu ba a buga su ba. == Tasawwuf == Tun yana ƙarami, Shafi yakan halarci tarukan Mahmud Hasan Deobandi . Sai lokacin da aka tsare Mahmud Hasan a Malta, Shafi ya nemi shawara daga Ashraf Ali Thanwi . Mahmud Hasan ya koma Deoband a watan Yuni 1920 (20 Ramadan 1338 AH). A shekara ta 1339 bayan hijira (1920) Shafi ya yi ''biyayya'' ga hannunsa. Duk da haka, Mahmud Hasan ya rasu bayan watanni kaɗan a ranar 18 ga Rabi'ul Awwal AH (Nuwamba 1920). Shafi ya koma Thanawi bayan mutuwar Mahmud Hasan. A cikin Rabi ath-thani 1349 AH (1930) ya sami ''ijazat-i bay'at'' (izinin ɗaukar almajirai) da ''khilafah'' (magajin ruhaniya). == Ƙungiyar Pakistan == Lokacin da aka kafa ƙungiyar musulmi ta All-India don yin fafutukar kafa wata ƙasa ta musulmi daban, Ashraf Ali Thanvi ya umurci dukkan musulmi, ciki har da malamai, da su goyi bayan wannan kamfen. Shafi da sauran malamai, ciki har da Zafar Ahmad Usmani, sun shiga Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, wata majalisar malaman Musulunci da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani ya kafa domin fafutukar kafa Pakistan. A shekara ta 1363 bayan hijira (1944) Muhammad Shafi ya yi murabus daga koyarwa da bayar da fatawa a Darul Uloom Deoband domin ya sadaukar da lokacinsa ga fafutukar kafa Pakistan. Ya yi rangadin Indiya, ya yi jawabai, sannan ya bayar da ''fatawowi'' don wannan dalili. [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f9iob76by89j06ahkobywkfpchduion 887702 887701 2026-07-26T13:37:32Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363660222|Muhammad Shafi]]" 887702 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />'''Muhammad Shafi''' (24 Janairu 1897 - 6 Oktoba 1976), wanda aka fi sani da '''Mufti Muhammad Shafi''', [[Ulama'u|malamin Islama]] ne dan Sunni dan [['Yan Pakistan|Pakistan]] na makarantar Deobandi, masanin fikihu [[Hanafiyya]] kuma mufti, kuma ya kasance mai iko akan [[Shari'a|shari'ah]], [[hadisi]], tafsirin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Kur'ani]], da [[Sufiyya|Sufanci]] . An haife shi a Deoband, ƙasar Birtaniya ta Indiya, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1917 daga Darul Uloom Deoband, inda daga baya ya koyar da hadisi kuma ya riƙe mufti. Ya yi murabus a shekarar 1943 domin ya sadaukar da lokacinsa ga Ƙungiyar Pakistan . Bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya koma Pakistan, inda ya kafa Darul Uloom Karachi a shekarar 1951. Daga cikin rubuce-rubucensa, wanda ya fi shahara shine ''Ma'ariful Qur'an'', wani sharhin Urdu game da [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] . == Haihuwa da ƙuruciya tun tana ƙarama == An haifi Muhammad Shafi, ɗan Muhammad Yasin, a ranar 24 ga Janairu 1897 (20 Sha'aban 1314 AH ) a Deoband, Birtaniya Indiya, daga dangin Usman . Sheikh na mahaifinsa, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, ya ba shi suna "Muhammad Shafi", kodayake kakansa, Khalifah Tahsin Ali, ya sanya masa suna "Muhammad Mubin". <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}</ref> Shafi ya girma a cikin yanayi na addini. Tun yana yaro yana wasa a farfajiyar Darul Uloom Deoband kuma yana zaune tare da mahaifinsa, wanda malami ne a makarantar. <ref name="interview" /> == Ilimi == Yana da shekaru biyar, Shafi ya fara haddace Alƙur'ani tare da Muhammad Azim da Namdar Khan a Darul Uloom. A shekarar 1907 ko 1908 (1325 AH), ya fara karatun Urdu, Farisanci, lissafi da sauran fannoni a Darul Uloom Deoband, wanda ya kammala cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifinsa. <ref name="rafi" /> Ya yi karatun lissafi da [[Euclid]] daga kawunsa Munshi Manzur Ahmad da kuma karatun Alqur'ani daga Muhammad Yusuf Miruthi. Tare da koyar da Shafi littattafan Farisa, Maulana Yasin ya kuma koyar da shi littattafan [[Larabci]] na farko na ''sarf'' (morphology), ''nahw'' (nahawu), da ''[[Fiƙihu|fiqh]]'' (fikihu), har zuwa ''Fusul-i Akbari'', ''Hidayat an-Nahw'', da ''Munyat al-Musalli'' . A shekara ta 1330 bayan hijira (1912) ko 1331 bayan hijira (1913) Shafi ya shiga makarantar Darul Uloom Deoband a matsayin babban ajin Larabci. Ya yi Hadisin Daurah a shekara ta 1335 bayan hijira (1916/1917) a ƙarƙashin kulawar Anwar Shah Kashmiri, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1336 bayan hijira (1917/1918). <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> <ref name="shafi" /> Malaman da Shafi ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashinsu sun haɗa da: <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="interview" /> <ref name="shafi" /> * Anwar Shah Kashmiri * Shabir Ahmad Usmani * [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani|Azizur Rahman Usmani]] * Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi * Izaz Ali Amrohi * Muhammad Rasul Khan * [[Ibrahim Balyawi|Muhammad Ibrahim Balliyawi]] * Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi * Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad Daga cikin malamansa akwai Anwar Shah Kashmiri, wanda shi ne babban malamin makarantar. Wasu daga cikin littattafan da Shafi ya yi karatu tare da shi sun haɗa da ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', ''[[Jami at-Tirmizi|Sahih al-Tirmidhi]]'' (banda ƙaramin ɓangare), ''Shama'il'' da ' ''Ilal'' ' na [[Al-Tirmidhi|at-Tirmidhi]], ''al-Falsafah al-'Arabiyah'' akan falsafar zamani, da ''Sharh an-Nafisi'' akan magani ( ''tibb'' ). Shafi yana cikin ɗaliban Kashmir mafi kusanci, kuma daga baya Kashmiri zai zaɓi Shafi don neman taimako wajen musanta [[Ahmadiyya|Harkar Ahmadiyya]] . Shafi ya yi karatun ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'' da rabin ''Hidayah'' tare da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, wanda daga baya zai raka shi a cikin wannan yunkuri na ƙirƙirar Pakistan. Tare da Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi ya karanci tarin hadisan ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]]'', ''[[Sunan an-Nasai|Sunan an-Nasa'i]]'', da ragowar ''Sahihul Tirmidhi'' . Tare da Azizur Rahman shugaban sashin fatawa na Darul Uloom, Shafi ya karanci Muwatta [[Imam Malik Ibn Anas|Imam Malik]] wajen watsa Yahya bn Yahya da watsa ash-Shaybani, [[Al-Tahawi|at-Tahawi]] 's ''Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar'', ''Tafsir al-Jalalayn'', ''Mishkat al-Masabih, Sharh al-Masabih, Sharh Ma'ani Al-Athar'', da ''Sharh Al-Masabih'', da [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani|Ibnul]] Hasabih. ''Hisn-i Hasin'' . Ya karanta ''Sunan Ibn Majah'' a wajen Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi. Tare da Izaz Ali Amrohi ya karanci dukkan littafan adabi, ''da Sharh Hidayat al-Hikmah'' na Maibazi, da At-Taftazani 's ''Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyah'', Ubayd Allah al-Mahbubi's ''Sharh al-Wiqayah'', da wasu littafai. Tare da Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim ya yi karatun ''Sadra'' da ''Shams al-Bazighah'' . Bayan Daurah, wasu littattafai kaɗan sun rage, ciki har da ''Qazi'', ''Mir Zahid'', da ''Umur-i 'Ammah'' —an kammala waɗannan a shekara ta 1336 bayan hijira (1917/1918). A wannan shekarar an naɗa Shafi don ya koyar da wasu darussa. <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="shafi" /> == Sana'a == Shafi ya fara koyarwa a Darul Uloom Deoband a shekarar 1918 ko 1919 (1337 AH). <ref name="rizvi" /> Ya koyar da littattafan matakin farko na manhajar karatu, daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Hadisin Daura. <ref name="rizvi" /> Littafin farko na matakin Daurah da aka ba shi shine ''Muwatta Imam Malik'', kuma daga baya ya koyar da wasu littattafai. A shekara ta 1354 bayan hijira (1935/1936) aka ba shi amanar koyar da ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]]'' na wani lokaci a madadin Maulana Asghar Husain. Bisa buƙatar Husain aka ba shi wannan laccar har abada, kuma ya koyar da ita har sai da ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband a shekarar 1943 (1362 AH). An ɗauke Shafi a matsayin malami mai ƙwarewa a fannoni da dama, amma biyu daga cikin darussansa sun fi shahara - ɗaya shine ''Sunan Abu Dawud'', ɗayan kuma shine ''Maqamat al-Hariri'' a cikin adabin Larabci. <ref name="rafi" /> Bayan ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband ya karantar da ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahihul Bukhari]]'' na tsawon wata uku a Jamiah Islamiyah Dabhel, inda ya cika Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani . <ref name="rafi" /> Shafi ya kafa Darul Uloom Karachi a shekara ta 1951 (Shawwal 1370H). A can ya koyar da ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' tsawon shekaru da dama, haka kuma ya koyar da ''Muwatta Malik'' da ''Shama'il at-Tirmidhi'' . Duk lokacin da saboda lafiya ko wasu nauyi ya kasa koyar da ''Bukhari'' gaba ɗaya, to waɗannan shekarun zai koyar har zuwa Littafin Alwala, sauran kuma sauran malamai za su rufe sauran. A cikin shekaru huɗu na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, yana kwance a kan gado don haka ba ya iya koyarwa akai-akai. Duk da haka, bisa ga dagewar ɗalibai da malamai, kowace shekara yana koyar da darasin farko na ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' da kuma darasin ƙarshe na [[Kutub al-Sittah|Sihah Sittah]] . == Fatawa, Hukunce-hukuncen == Shafi yakan taimaka wa [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani|Azizur Rahman Usmani]], shugaban sashen fatawa na makarantar. Azizur Rahman ya yi murabus daga Darul Uloom a shekara ta 1344 bayan hijira (1925/1926). Wasu kuma sun rike mukamin Sadr Mufti (Babban Mufti) har zuwa lokacin da Majlis-e-Shura ta Darul Uloom Deoband ta nada Shafi a kan mukamin a ranar 28 ga Rabi al-Awwal 1350H (a. 13 ga Agusta 1931). <ref name="rizvi" /> [ bayani na 1 ] Baya ga ɗaukar nauyin rubuta fatawa, Shafi ya ci gaba da koyar da wasu littattafan hadisi da tafsiri. A cikin Nuwamba 1932 (Rajab 1351), Shafi ya buga wata waraka mai suna ''Nihayat al-arab fi ghayat an-nasab'' on caste . Masu saƙa na yankin Deoband (waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ƙabila mai ƙanƙanta) sun yi tawaye ga fatawar, kuma daga farkon 1353 AH (1934/1935) zuwa ƙarshen 1354 AH (1935/1936) an gudanar da tarurrukan gangami da barazana ga Shafi, wanda hakan ya sa wasu malamai suka ɗauki matsayin masu tsaron lafiyarsa. Malamai da dama sun rubuta ko kuma sun yi magana don kare fatawar, ciki har da Shaikh Ashraf Ali Thanwi na Shafi, Sayyid Asghar Husain, da Husain Ahmad Madani. Saboda wannan ce-ce-ku-ce, Shafi ya nemi a mayar da shi sashen koyarwa, buƙatar da Majlis-e-Shura ta amince da ita a watan Sha'aban 1354 AH (kimanin Nuwamba 1935). <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> Shafi ya ci gaba da kasancewa a sashen koyarwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, inda wasu malamai biyu suka riƙe muƙamin Sadr Mufti. A ranar 25 ga Safar 1359 bayan hijira (kimanin 4 ga Afrilu 1940), an naɗa Shafi a matsayin shugaban wannan hukuma a karo na biyu. <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> Ya riƙe wannan muƙamin har sai da ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband a Rabi al-Awwal 1362 AH (Maris 1943). <ref name="rafi" /> [ bayani na 2 ] Kiyasin adadin fatawoyin da ya bayar yayin da yake Darul Uloom Deoband ya kama daga 26,000 <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> zuwa sama da 40,000. An buga wasu daga cikin fatawoyin Muhammad Shafi a cikin manyan littattafai takwas masu taken ''Imdad al-Muftin'', yayin da yawancinsu ba a buga su ba. == Tasawwuf == Tun yana ƙarami, Shafi yakan halarci tarukan Mahmud Hasan Deobandi . Sai lokacin da aka tsare Mahmud Hasan a Malta, Shafi ya nemi shawara daga Ashraf Ali Thanwi . Mahmud Hasan ya koma Deoband a watan Yuni 1920 (20 Ramadan 1338 AH). A shekara ta 1339 bayan hijira (1920) Shafi ya yi ''biyayya'' ga hannunsa. Duk da haka, Mahmud Hasan ya rasu bayan watanni kaɗan a ranar 18 ga Rabi'ul Awwal AH (Nuwamba 1920). Shafi ya koma Thanawi bayan mutuwar Mahmud Hasan. A cikin Rabi ath-thani 1349 AH (1930) ya sami ''ijazat-i bay'at'' (izinin ɗaukar almajirai) da ''khilafah'' (magajin ruhaniya). == Ƙungiyar Pakistan == Lokacin da aka kafa ƙungiyar musulmi ta All-India don yin fafutukar kafa wata ƙasa ta musulmi daban, Ashraf Ali Thanvi ya umurci dukkan musulmi, ciki har da malamai, da su goyi bayan wannan kamfen. Shafi da sauran malamai, ciki har da Zafar Ahmad Usmani, sun shiga Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, wata majalisar malaman Musulunci da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani ya kafa domin fafutukar kafa Pakistan. A shekara ta 1363 bayan hijira (1944) Muhammad Shafi ya yi murabus daga koyarwa da bayar da fatawa a Darul Uloom Deoband domin ya sadaukar da lokacinsa ga fafutukar kafa Pakistan. Ya yi rangadin Indiya, ya yi jawabai, sannan ya bayar da ''fatawowi'' don wannan dalili. == Hijira zuwa Pakistan == A shekarar 1948 (1367 AH), bayan raba ƙasar Indiya, Shafi ya yi ƙaura daga Deoband zuwa Pakistan. Ya kafa Darul Uloom Karachi a shekara ta 1370 bayan hijira (1950/1951). Ya rasu a ranar 10 ga Shawwal 1396 (6 ga Oktoba 1976). == Rayuwa a Pakistan == Ya lura cewa ya kamata a haɗa tsarin ilimi daban-daban da suka samo asali a ƙarƙashin mulkin Birtaniya - makarantun gargajiya na Madrasahs, waɗanda Deoband ke jagoranta, da makarantun zamani, waɗanda Aligarh ke jagoranta - don daidaita fannin ilimi da tarbiyya na addini da na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Talhah |first=Sayyid |date=2018-11-22 |title=Asia Bibi case: Pakistanis need to bridge the 'mister-mulla' divide |url=https://musingsofamuslimdoctor.wordpress.com/2018/11/22/asia-bibi-case-pakistanis-need-to-bridge-the-mister-mulla-divide/ |access-date=2019-09-28 |website=Musings of a Muslim Doctor |language=en}}</ref> Ya guji jayayya ko ta halin kaka, kuma a wasu lokutan ma ya bayar da filayen da gwamnatin Pakistan ta ba shi don gina Madrasah, kawai don guje wa takaddamar da ta taso a cikin wannan tsari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Talhah |first=Sayyid |date=2017-12-13 |title=Avoid the Disputes – Despite Being Right! |url=https://sayyidtalhah.wordpress.com/2017/12/13/avoiding-disputes/ |access-date=2019-09-28 |website=Pearls for Tazkiyah |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya rubuta littattafai kusan ɗari waɗanda ke bayani game da Al [[Alqur'ani mai girma|-Qur'ani]] da kuma fassara [[Shari'a|shari'ar Musulunci]] . Aikinsa da ya fi shahara kuma aka fi fassara shi shine ''Ma'ariful Qur'an'' ("Hikimar Alqur'ani"), wanda ya kammala (a cikin Urdu) shekaru huɗu kafin rasuwarsa. Wannan aikin, wani sharhi ne kan dukkan Alqur'ani, ya fara ne a matsayin jerin laccoci na mako-mako a Radio Pakistan wanda ya shafe shekaru goma. <ref name="ibid" /> == Bayanan kula ==   == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=Asad |date=2018-06-30 |title=Research Study of the Contribution of Mufti Muhammad Shafi' in Sīrah Studies |url=http://jirs.uoh.edu.pk/index.php/JIRS/article/view/328 |journal=Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies |language=ur |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=95–105 |doi=10.36476/JIRS.3:1.06.2018.07 |issn=2519-7118 |doi-access=free}} * [https://archive.org/details/UrduBooksCollection_20170511] * [https://archive.org/details/EnglishBooksCollection] * [http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/19985 مفتی اعظم پاکستان مولانا مفتی محمد شفیع کی عملی، تصنیفی اور ملی خدمتات کا علمی، تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ] * [https://studentrepo.iium.edu.my/entities/publication/fcc52da2-bedb-48dd-8bed-46b0570dff81 الشيخ المفتي محمد شفيع العثماني وإسهاماته في فقه النوازل : دراسة تحليلية نقدية] == Manazarta == {{S-start}} {{S-rel}} {{Succession box|title=fourth Head Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband}} {{Succession box|title=seventh Head Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b7h99aioil7y7upp0d0b1rm5qgihg25 887703 887702 2026-07-26T13:38:54Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />'''Muhammad Shafi''' (24 Janairu 1897 - 6 Oktoba 1976), wanda aka fi sani da '''Mufti Muhammad Shafi''', [[Ulama'u|malamin Islama]] ne dan Sunni dan [['Yan Pakistan|Pakistan]] na makarantar Deobandi, masanin fikihu [[Hanafiyya]] kuma mufti, kuma ya kasance mai iko akan [[Shari'a|shari'ah]], [[hadisi]], tafsirin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Kur'ani]], da [[Sufiyya|Sufanci]] . An haife shi a Deoband, ƙasar Birtaniya ta Indiya, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1917 daga Darul Uloom Deoband, inda daga baya ya koyar da hadisi kuma ya riƙe mufti. Ya yi murabus a shekarar 1943 domin ya sadaukar da lokacinsa ga Ƙungiyar Pakistan . Bayan samun 'yancin kai, ya koma Pakistan, inda ya kafa Darul Uloom Karachi a shekarar 1951. Daga cikin rubuce-rubucensa, wanda ya fi shahara shine ''Ma'ariful Qur'an'', wani sharhin Urdu game da [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] . == Haihuwa da ƙuruciya tun tana ƙarama == An haifi Muhammad Shafi, ɗan Muhammad Yasin, a ranar 24 ga Janairu 1897 (20 Sha'aban 1314 AH ) a Deoband, Birtaniya Indiya, daga dangin Usman . Sheikh na mahaifinsa, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, ya ba shi suna "Muhammad Shafi", kodayake kakansa, Khalifah Tahsin Ali, ya sanya masa suna "Muhammad Mubin". <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}</ref> Shafi ya girma a cikin yanayi na addini. Tun yana yaro yana wasa a farfajiyar Darul Uloom Deoband kuma yana zaune tare da mahaifinsa, wanda malami ne a makarantar. <ref name="interview" /> == Ilimi == Yana da shekaru biyar, Shafi ya fara haddace Alƙur'ani tare da Muhammad Azim da Namdar Khan a Darul Uloom. A shekarar 1907 ko 1908 (1325 AH), ya fara karatun Urdu, Farisanci, lissafi da sauran fannoni a Darul Uloom Deoband, wanda ya kammala cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifinsa. <ref name="rafi" /> Ya yi karatun lissafi da [[Euclid]] daga kawunsa Munshi Manzur Ahmad da kuma karatun Alqur'ani daga Muhammad Yusuf Miruthi. Tare da koyar da Shafi littattafan Farisa, Maulana Yasin ya kuma koyar da shi littattafan [[Larabci]] na farko na ''sarf'' (morphology), ''nahw'' (nahawu), da ''[[Fiƙihu|fiqh]]'' (fikihu), har zuwa ''Fusul-i Akbari'', ''Hidayat an-Nahw'', da ''Munyat al-Musalli'' . A shekara ta 1330 bayan hijira (1912) ko 1331 bayan hijira (1913) Shafi ya shiga makarantar Darul Uloom Deoband a matsayin babban ajin Larabci. Ya yi Hadisin Daurah a shekara ta 1335 bayan hijira (1916/1917) a ƙarƙashin kulawar Anwar Shah Kashmiri, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1336 bayan hijira (1917/1918). <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> <ref name="shafi" /> Malaman da Shafi ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashinsu sun haɗa da: <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="interview" /> <ref name="shafi" /> * Anwar Shah Kashmiri * Shabir Ahmad Usmani * [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani|Azizur Rahman Usmani]] * Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi * Izaz Ali Amrohi * Muhammad Rasul Khan * [[Ibrahim Balyawi|Muhammad Ibrahim Balliyawi]] * Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi * Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad Daga cikin malamansa akwai Anwar Shah Kashmiri, wanda shi ne babban malamin makarantar. Wasu daga cikin littattafan da Shafi ya yi karatu tare da shi sun haɗa da ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', ''[[Jami at-Tirmizi|Sahih al-Tirmidhi]]'' (banda ƙaramin ɓangare), ''Shama'il'' da ' ''Ilal'' ' na [[Al-Tirmidhi|at-Tirmidhi]], ''al-Falsafah al-'Arabiyah'' akan falsafar zamani, da ''Sharh an-Nafisi'' akan magani ( ''tibb'' ). Shafi yana cikin ɗaliban Kashmir mafi kusanci, kuma daga baya Kashmiri zai zaɓi Shafi don neman taimako wajen musanta [[Ahmadiyya|Harkar Ahmadiyya]] . Shafi ya yi karatun ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'' da rabin ''Hidayah'' tare da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, wanda daga baya zai raka shi a cikin wannan yunkuri na ƙirƙirar Pakistan. Tare da Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi ya karanci tarin hadisan ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]]'', ''[[Sunan an-Nasai|Sunan an-Nasa'i]]'', da ragowar ''Sahihul Tirmidhi'' . Tare da Azizur Rahman shugaban sashin fatawa na Darul Uloom, Shafi ya karanci Muwatta [[Imam Malik Ibn Anas|Imam Malik]] wajen watsa Yahya bn Yahya da watsa ash-Shaybani, [[Al-Tahawi|at-Tahawi]] 's ''Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar'', ''Tafsir al-Jalalayn'', ''Mishkat al-Masabih, Sharh al-Masabih, Sharh Ma'ani Al-Athar'', da ''Sharh Al-Masabih'', da [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani|Ibnul]] Hasabih. ''Hisn-i Hasin'' . Ya karanta ''Sunan Ibn Majah'' a wajen Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi. Tare da Izaz Ali Amrohi ya karanci dukkan littafan adabi, ''da Sharh Hidayat al-Hikmah'' na Maibazi, da At-Taftazani 's ''Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyah'', Ubayd Allah al-Mahbubi's ''Sharh al-Wiqayah'', da wasu littafai. Tare da Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim ya yi karatun ''Sadra'' da ''Shams al-Bazighah'' . Bayan Daurah, wasu littattafai kaɗan sun rage, ciki har da ''Qazi'', ''Mir Zahid'', da ''Umur-i 'Ammah'' —an kammala waɗannan a shekara ta 1336 bayan hijira (1917/1918). A wannan shekarar an naɗa Shafi don ya koyar da wasu darussa. <ref name="rafi" /> <ref name="shafi" /> == Sana'a == Shafi ya fara koyarwa a Darul Uloom Deoband a shekarar 1918 ko 1919 (1337 AH). <ref name="rizvi" /> Ya koyar da littattafan matakin farko na manhajar karatu, daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin Hadisin Daura. <ref name="rizvi" /> Littafin farko na matakin Daurah da aka ba shi shine ''Muwatta Imam Malik'', kuma daga baya ya koyar da wasu littattafai. A shekara ta 1354 bayan hijira (1935/1936) aka ba shi amanar koyar da ''[[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]]'' na wani lokaci a madadin Maulana Asghar Husain. Bisa buƙatar Husain aka ba shi wannan laccar har abada, kuma ya koyar da ita har sai da ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband a shekarar 1943 (1362 AH). An ɗauke Shafi a matsayin malami mai ƙwarewa a fannoni da dama, amma biyu daga cikin darussansa sun fi shahara - ɗaya shine ''Sunan Abu Dawud'', ɗayan kuma shine ''Maqamat al-Hariri'' a cikin adabin Larabci. <ref name="rafi" /> Bayan ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband ya karantar da ''[[Sahi al-Bukhari|Sahihul Bukhari]]'' na tsawon wata uku a Jamiah Islamiyah Dabhel, inda ya cika Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani . <ref name="rafi" /> Shafi ya kafa Darul Uloom Karachi a shekara ta 1951 (Shawwal 1370H). A can ya koyar da ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' tsawon shekaru da dama, haka kuma ya koyar da ''Muwatta Malik'' da ''Shama'il at-Tirmidhi'' . Duk lokacin da saboda lafiya ko wasu nauyi ya kasa koyar da ''Bukhari'' gaba ɗaya, to waɗannan shekarun zai koyar har zuwa Littafin Alwala, sauran kuma sauran malamai za su rufe sauran. A cikin shekaru huɗu na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, yana kwance a kan gado don haka ba ya iya koyarwa akai-akai. Duk da haka, bisa ga dagewar ɗalibai da malamai, kowace shekara yana koyar da darasin farko na ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' da kuma darasin ƙarshe na [[Kutub al-Sittah|Sihah Sittah]] . == Fatawa, Hukunce-hukuncen == Shafi yakan taimaka wa [[Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani|Azizur Rahman Usmani]], shugaban sashen fatawa na makarantar. Azizur Rahman ya yi murabus daga Darul Uloom a shekara ta 1344 bayan hijira (1925/1926). Wasu kuma sun rike mukamin Sadr Mufti (Babban Mufti) har zuwa lokacin da Majlis-e-Shura ta Darul Uloom Deoband ta nada Shafi a kan mukamin a ranar 28 ga Rabi al-Awwal 1350H (a. 13 ga Agusta 1931). <ref name="rizvi" /> [ bayani na 1 ] Baya ga ɗaukar nauyin rubuta fatawa, Shafi ya ci gaba da koyar da wasu littattafan hadisi da tafsiri. A cikin Nuwamba 1932 (Rajab 1351), Shafi ya buga wata waraka mai suna ''Nihayat al-arab fi ghayat an-nasab'' on caste . Masu saƙa na yankin Deoband (waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ƙabila mai ƙanƙanta) sun yi tawaye ga fatawar, kuma daga farkon 1353 AH (1934/1935) zuwa ƙarshen 1354 AH (1935/1936) an gudanar da tarurrukan gangami da barazana ga Shafi, wanda hakan ya sa wasu malamai suka ɗauki matsayin masu tsaron lafiyarsa. Malamai da dama sun rubuta ko kuma sun yi magana don kare fatawar, ciki har da Shaikh Ashraf Ali Thanwi na Shafi, Sayyid Asghar Husain, da Husain Ahmad Madani. Saboda wannan ce-ce-ku-ce, Shafi ya nemi a mayar da shi sashen koyarwa, buƙatar da Majlis-e-Shura ta amince da ita a watan Sha'aban 1354 AH (kimanin Nuwamba 1935). <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> Shafi ya ci gaba da kasancewa a sashen koyarwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, inda wasu malamai biyu suka riƙe muƙamin Sadr Mufti. A ranar 25 ga Safar 1359 bayan hijira (kimanin 4 ga Afrilu 1940), an naɗa Shafi a matsayin shugaban wannan hukuma a karo na biyu. <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> Ya riƙe wannan muƙamin har sai da ya bar Darul Uloom Deoband a Rabi al-Awwal 1362 AH (Maris 1943). <ref name="rafi" /> [ bayani na 2 ] Kiyasin adadin fatawoyin da ya bayar yayin da yake Darul Uloom Deoband ya kama daga 26,000 <ref name="rizvi">{{Cite book|last3=Syed Mehboob Rizwi}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSayyid_Mahbub_Rizvi1981">[[Syed Mehboob Rizwi|Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi]] (1981). ''History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband''. Vol.&nbsp;2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.</cite></ref> zuwa sama da 40,000. An buga wasu daga cikin fatawoyin Muhammad Shafi a cikin manyan littattafai takwas masu taken ''Imdad al-Muftin'', yayin da yawancinsu ba a buga su ba. == Tasawwuf == Tun yana ƙarami, Shafi yakan halarci tarukan Mahmud Hasan Deobandi . Sai lokacin da aka tsare Mahmud Hasan a Malta, Shafi ya nemi shawara daga Ashraf Ali Thanwi . Mahmud Hasan ya koma Deoband a watan Yuni 1920 (20 Ramadan 1338 AH). A shekara ta 1339 bayan hijira (1920) Shafi ya yi ''biyayya'' ga hannunsa. Duk da haka, Mahmud Hasan ya rasu bayan watanni kaɗan a ranar 18 ga Rabi'ul Awwal AH (Nuwamba 1920). Shafi ya koma Thanawi bayan mutuwar Mahmud Hasan. A cikin Rabi ath-thani 1349 AH (1930) ya sami ''ijazat-i bay'at'' (izinin ɗaukar almajirai) da ''khilafah'' (magajin ruhaniya). == Ƙungiyar Pakistan == Lokacin da aka kafa ƙungiyar musulmi ta All-India don yin fafutukar kafa wata ƙasa ta musulmi daban, Ashraf Ali Thanvi ya umurci dukkan musulmi, ciki har da malamai, da su goyi bayan wannan kamfen. Shafi da sauran malamai, ciki har da Zafar Ahmad Usmani, sun shiga Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, wata majalisar malaman Musulunci da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani ya kafa domin fafutukar kafa Pakistan. A shekara ta 1363 bayan hijira (1944) Muhammad Shafi ya yi murabus daga koyarwa da bayar da fatawa a Darul Uloom Deoband domin ya sadaukar da lokacinsa ga fafutukar kafa Pakistan. Ya yi rangadin Indiya, ya yi jawabai, sannan ya bayar da ''fatawowi'' don wannan dalili. == Hijira zuwa Pakistan == A shekarar 1948 (1367 AH), bayan raba ƙasar Indiya, Shafi ya yi ƙaura daga Deoband zuwa Pakistan. Ya kafa Darul Uloom Karachi a shekara ta 1370 bayan hijira (1950/1951). Ya rasu a ranar 10 ga Shawwal 1396 (6 ga Oktoba 1976). == Rayuwa a Pakistan == Ya lura cewa ya kamata a haɗa tsarin ilimi daban-daban da suka samo asali a ƙarƙashin mulkin Birtaniya - makarantun gargajiya na Madrasahs, waɗanda Deoband ke jagoranta, da makarantun zamani, waɗanda Aligarh ke jagoranta - don daidaita fannin ilimi da tarbiyya na addini da na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Talhah |first=Sayyid |date=2018-11-22 |title=Asia Bibi case: Pakistanis need to bridge the 'mister-mulla' divide |url=https://musingsofamuslimdoctor.wordpress.com/2018/11/22/asia-bibi-case-pakistanis-need-to-bridge-the-mister-mulla-divide/ |access-date=2019-09-28 |website=Musings of a Muslim Doctor |language=en}}</ref> Ya guji jayayya ko ta halin kaka, kuma a wasu lokutan ma ya bayar da filayen da gwamnatin Pakistan ta ba shi don gina Madrasah, kawai don guje wa takaddamar da ta taso a cikin wannan tsari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Talhah |first=Sayyid |date=2017-12-13 |title=Avoid the Disputes – Despite Being Right! |url=https://sayyidtalhah.wordpress.com/2017/12/13/avoiding-disputes/ |access-date=2019-09-28 |website=Pearls for Tazkiyah |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya rubuta littattafai kusan ɗari waɗanda ke bayani game da Al [[Alqur'ani mai girma|-Qur'ani]] da kuma fassara [[Shari'a|shari'ar Musulunci]] . Aikinsa da ya fi shahara kuma aka fi fassara shi shine ''Ma'ariful Qur'an'' ("Hikimar Alqur'ani"), wanda ya kammala (a cikin Urdu) shekaru huɗu kafin rasuwarsa. Wannan aikin, wani sharhi ne kan dukkan Alqur'ani, ya fara ne a matsayin jerin laccoci na mako-mako a Radio Pakistan wanda ya shafe shekaru goma. <ref name="ibid" /> == Bayanan kula ==   == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Cite journal |last=Ullah |first=Asad |date=2018-06-30 |title=Research Study of the Contribution of Mufti Muhammad Shafi' in Sīrah Studies |url=http://jirs.uoh.edu.pk/index.php/JIRS/article/view/328 |journal=Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies |language=ur |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=95–105 |doi=10.36476/JIRS.3:1.06.2018.07 |issn=2519-7118 |doi-access=free}} * [https://archive.org/details/UrduBooksCollection_20170511] * [https://archive.org/details/EnglishBooksCollection] * [http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/19985 مفتی اعظم پاکستان مولانا مفتی محمد شفیع کی عملی، تصنیفی اور ملی خدمتات کا علمی، تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ] * [https://studentrepo.iium.edu.my/entities/publication/fcc52da2-bedb-48dd-8bed-46b0570dff81 الشيخ المفتي محمد شفيع العثماني وإسهاماته في فقه النوازل : دراسة تحليلية نقدية] {{S-start}} {{S-rel}} {{Succession box|title=fourth Head Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband}} {{Succession box|title=seventh Head Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == bxu69uhjg6ya0b0grh829lb6jy505ql 0 162303 887729 2026-07-26T14:40:53Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343908678|Symonowicz Palace]]" 887729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fadar Symonowicz''', {{Efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Pałac Symonowiczów''}} wanda aka fi sani da '''Fadar Szymonowicz''', {{Efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Pałac Szymonowiczów''}} da '''Gidan Szymonowicz''', {{Efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Dom Szymonowicza''}} wani gidan baroque ne a birnin [[Wosaa|Warsaw]], [[Poland]], wanda ke kan [[Solec Street, Warsaw|titin Solec]] na 37. == Tarihi == Har yanzu ba a san ainihin shekarar da aka gina Fadar Symonowicz ba, amma an san cewa an gina ta ne kafin shekarar 1762. Mai ginin gine-gine [[Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille]] ne ya tsara shi a cikin salon baroque . A shekara ta 1770, ya zama mallakar fitaccen mutum Simon de Symonowicz. A ƙarni na 19, ginin ya kan canza masu shi akai-akai. A shekarar 1944, a lokacin tawayen Warsaw a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], an yi fada mai tsanani a yankin, kuma ' yan jam'iyyar sun yi amfani da ginin a matsayin asibiti. An lalata ta a lokacin yaƙin, kuma an sake gina ta a shekarar 1951. A halin yanzu, ginin yana ɗauke da [[Makarantar jariri|makarantar yara ta yara]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=O nas |url=http://www.p122.przedszkola.net.pl/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208230415/http://www.p122.przedszkola.net.pl/ |archive-date=2010-12-08 |website=p122.pl |language=pl}}</ref> == Manazarta == b39pcbrpymt5wrr1eancv6r8bn8hf1p 887730 887729 2026-07-26T14:41:20Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fadar Symonowicz''', {{Efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Pałac Symonowiczów''}} wanda aka fi sani da '''Fadar Szymonowicz''', {{Efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Pałac Szymonowiczów''}} da '''Gidan Szymonowicz''', {{Efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Dom Szymonowicza''}} wani gidan baroque ne a birnin [[Wosaa|Warsaw]], [[Poland]], wanda ke kan [[Solec Street, Warsaw|titin Solec]] na 37. == Tarihi == Har yanzu ba a san ainihin shekarar da aka gina Fadar Symonowicz ba, amma an san cewa an gina ta ne kafin shekarar 1762. Mai ginin gine-gine [[Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille]] ne ya tsara shi a cikin salon baroque . A shekara ta 1770, ya zama mallakar fitaccen mutum Simon de Symonowicz. A ƙarni na 19, ginin ya kan canza masu shi akai-akai. A shekarar 1944, a lokacin tawayen Warsaw a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], an yi fada mai tsanani a yankin, kuma ' yan jam'iyyar sun yi amfani da ginin a matsayin asibiti. An lalata ta a lokacin yaƙin, kuma an sake gina ta a shekarar 1951. A halin yanzu, ginin yana ɗauke da [[Makarantar jariri|makarantar yara ta yara]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=O nas |url=http://www.p122.przedszkola.net.pl/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208230415/http://www.p122.przedszkola.net.pl/ |archive-date=2010-12-08 |website=p122.pl |language=pl}}</ref> == Manazarta == jrv5vesjy6w7w3cz3zxtqom5kmu8nzn 0 162304 887733 2026-07-26T14:43:51Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357426965|Montessori School of Louisville]]" 887733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantar Montessori ta Louisville, Inc''' (MSL) <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Montessori School of Louisville |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/k12/kentucky/the-montessori-school-of-louisville-316417 |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=usnews.com |publisher=U.S. News & World Report L.P.}}</ref> makaranta ce mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta, kuma ba ta neman riba ba a Louisville, Kentucky . MSL ita ce makarantar Montessori kaɗai da ke Louisville da ke hidimar yara tun daga ƙuruciya har zuwa makarantar sakandare . Iyaye da malamai na Montessori ne suka kafa makarantar a shekarar 2006 domin samar da ilimin makarantar sakandare ta Montessori a yankin Louisville . Makarantar ta koma yankin gabashin Jefferson County da ke Springhurst Professional Plaza a lamba 10263 Champion Farms Drive a shekarar 2009. A shekarar 2010, Ƙungiyar Kwalejoji da Makarantu ta Kudu (SACS) ta ba da shawarar a amince da Makarantar Montessori ta Louisville. == Manazarta == n8wx7157pndzdt4266w09v1pn4jl9jt 887734 887733 2026-07-26T14:44:17Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Montessori ta Louisville, Inc''' (MSL) <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Montessori School of Louisville |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/k12/kentucky/the-montessori-school-of-louisville-316417 |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=usnews.com |publisher=U.S. News & World Report L.P.}}</ref> makaranta ce mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta, kuma ba ta neman riba ba a Louisville, Kentucky . MSL ita ce makarantar Montessori kaɗai da ke Louisville da ke hidimar yara tun daga ƙuruciya har zuwa makarantar sakandare . Iyaye da malamai na Montessori ne suka kafa makarantar a shekarar 2006 domin samar da ilimin makarantar sakandare ta Montessori a yankin Louisville . Makarantar ta koma yankin gabashin Jefferson County da ke Springhurst Professional Plaza a lamba 10263 Champion Farms Drive a shekarar 2009. A shekarar 2010, Ƙungiyar Kwalejoji da Makarantu ta Kudu (SACS) ta ba da shawarar a amince da Makarantar Montessori ta Louisville. == Manazarta == mlim98id6ns53kyw24zwi18dt5xxtke 0 162305 887735 2026-07-26T14:46:04Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363682713|Athens College]]" 887735 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwalejin Athens''' ( Greek ; bisa hukuma '''Hellenic-American Educational Foundation''' ( '''HAEF''' ), Ελληνο-Αμερικανικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα) wani haɗin gwiwar ilimi ne na makarantar share fage na [[Athens]], makarantar share fage na [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] a Pbsy . Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Hellenic-American (Ελληνοαμερικανικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα) wanda kuma ya haɗa da '''Kwalejin Psychico''', kodayake galibi ana kiran makarantu biyu a matsayin "Kwalejin Athens". An kafa ta a shekarar 1925. Daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa makarantar da kuma manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai [[Emmanouil Benakis|Emmanuel Benakis]], wanda aka fi sani da Gidan Tarihi na Benaki na Athens, da kuma babban ginin makarantar, da kuma Stephanos Deltas waɗanda aka sanya wa suna a wuraren wasanni na makarantar. Ana koyar da darussan a cikin Girkanci da Ingilishi, yayin da kuma aka haɗa da darussan Faransanci awanni 2 a mako. == Bayani == Ɗaliban 3,000 sun rabu biyu tsakanin Kwalejin Athens da Psycho, kowannensu ya haɗa da Makarantar Kindergarten, Makarantar Firamare, Makarantar Tsakiya, da kuma Makarantar Sakandare . Makarantar sakandare ta Kwalejin Psycho kuma tana ba wa ɗaliban da ke sha'awar karatu a ƙasashen waje shirin International Baccalaureate . Bugu da ƙari, shirin ilimin manya yana ɗaukar ɗalibai 2,000. Laburaren Kwalejin Athens yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu na makarantu a Turai kuma shine na farko a Girka da aka tsara dukkan littattafanta ta hanyar lantarki. Kayan wasanni na Kwalejin Athens sun haɗa da wurin motsa jiki, filayen ƙwallon ƙafa guda biyu (tsakuwa ɗaya), filayen ƙwallon kwando na waje guda bakwai, filayen wasan tennis guda huɗu na waje, wurin ninkaya na cikin gida, filin wasan tsere da filin wasa, da kuma cibiyar wasanni ta cikin gida tare da kayan wasan squash, wasan tennis na teburi, motsa jiki, wasan ƙwallon raga, fasahar yaƙi, da sauran abubuwan da suka faru. Kwalejin Athens ta kasance a Girka da kuma Jihar New York kuma ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta biyan haraji . Abin da ke nuna matsayinta na musamman shi ne shirin tallafin karatu (wanda ƙungiyoyin iyaye da ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai [[SAKA|ta SAKA]] ke daukar nauyinsa) wanda ya bai wa ɗalibai daga matakai daban-daban na tattalin arziki damar yin karatu a can. == Tarihi == An kafa Kwalejin Athens a shekarar 1925 ta hannun ƙungiyar Helenawa (daga cikinsu akwai Emmanuel Benakis da Stephanos Delta) tare da goyon bayan philhellene na Amurka, ciki har da Dr. Bert Hodge, Daraktan Makarantar Nazarin Gargajiya ta Amurka da ke Athens. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.haef.gr/en/haef/history.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119032931/http://www.haef.gr/en/haef/history.php |archive-date=19 November 2010 |access-date=2010-09-13}} Athens College Official website</ref> == Kwalejin Athens, 1925–1980 == An kafa Kwamitin Kafa Kwalejin Athens, wanda ya zama kwamitin gudanarwa, a watan Mayu na shekarar 1924. Membobin ƙungiyar sune Epaminondas Charilaos, Shugaban Ɗakin Kasuwanci da Masana'antu, Bert Hodge Hill, Daraktan Makarantar Nazarin Gargajiya ta Amurka, [[Stephanos Delta]], ɗan kasuwa mai ritaya kuma ma'ajin [[Refugee Settlement Commission|Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira]], [[Stavros Papadakis]], YMCA . sakatare, Emmanuel Benakis, ɗan kasuwa mai ritaya, tsohon Minista kuma tsohon Magajin Garin Athens, Petros Calligas, tsohon Minista, Harold Jacquith, Daraktan Agajin Gaggawa na Near East, Nicolas Kyriakides, mai jiragen ruwa. Daga baya, an nada Emmanuel Benakis, wanda ya kasance babban mai bayar da gudummawa ga kwalejin, memba na emeritus kuma ɗansa Antonios ya maye gurbinsa a kwamitin. Wani fitaccen memba da ya kafa kamfanin shine Ery Kehaya, wanda shine shugaban kamfanin kasuwanci da taba na yau da kullun. A lokacin shekarar karatu ta 1930-31, adadin ɗaliban ya kai 351, kuma adadin farfesoshi 44 (9 'yan Amurka ne, sauran kuma Girkawa ne). Daga nan aka ƙara shekara ta bakwai a cikin makarantar motsa jiki ta shekaru shida. Wannan ƙarin shekarar zai zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na Kwalejin Athens. A shekarun 1930, kwalejin ta fuskanci matsaloli da yawa na tattalin arziki, kuma an shirya sabbin tarin littattafai. Da kuɗin da aka samu daga masu tallafawa daban-daban, an gina sabbin gine-gine, an kafa ɗakin karatu da kuma asusun tallafin karatu. Homer Davis, wanda shine mukaddashin daraktan kwalejin bayan tafiyar Dewing a shekarar 1930, an nada shi shugaban kwalejin a shekarar 1932. Zai ci gaba da wannan tuhumar har zuwa 1960, kuma zai zama Mukaddashin Shugaban Kasa a 1964-65. Manyan daraktocin Girka a waɗannan shekarun, su ne Michael Michaelides-Nouaros (1925-27), Demetrius Georgakis (1927-36), Emmanuel Troulinos (1936-62), Constantine Lalopoulos (1962-73) da kuma Sofocles Markianos (1973-78). A shekarar 1974, bayan mamayar da Turkiyya ta kai Cyprus, Kwalejin Athens ta karɓi 'yan gudun hijirar Girka 30 zuwa Sashen Kula da Kwaleji kuma ta ba su cikakken tallafin karatu. == Kwalejin Athens, 1980-yanzu == Kwalejin Athens (da kuma makarantar 'yar'uwarta, Kwalejin Psycho, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1980) mallakar Hellenic-American Educational Foundation ce, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta mai cibiyoyin da ke Psycho (Makarantun Tsakiya da Sakandare da Shirin Difloma na Baccalaureate na Duniya) da Kantza a gabashin Attica (makarantun firamare guda biyu: Bodossakio da Latsio). Lokacin da aka fara shi, a watan Oktoban 1925, Kwalejin Athens ta mallaki wani gini da aka yi haya a lamba 18 Androu Street a tsakiyar Athens. Makarantar ta koma Psycho a shekarar 1929. A wannan shekarar, Eleftherios Venizelos, Firayim Ministan Girka na wancan lokacin kuma mai goyon bayan makarantar ne ya keɓe Benaki Hall. A cikin jawabinsa yayin bikin keɓewar, Venizelos ya yi wasu jawabai masu ban sha'awa: "... Makarantu masu zaman kansu su ne inda manyan kirkire-kirkire da suka fi nasara za su iya bunƙasa: idan gwamnati ta kula da su ba tare da wata kulawa ba kuma suka bi ƙa'idodin Jiha, makarantu masu zaman kansu suna jin daɗin 'yancin da makarantun gwamnati ba su da shi, saboda haka, za su iya cimma babban ci gaba. Wannan shine irin ci gaban da muke tsammanin Kwalejin Athens za ta cimma. Wannan shine hukunci na game da mahimmancin Kwalejin." == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7mxlycenxi0q539q3wb70lv9h1irk9l 887736 887735 2026-07-26T14:46:35Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Athens''' ( Greek ; bisa hukuma '''Hellenic-American Educational Foundation''' ( '''HAEF''' ), Ελληνο-Αμερικανικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα) wani haɗin gwiwar ilimi ne na makarantar share fage na [[Athens]], makarantar share fage na [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] a Pbsy . Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Hellenic-American (Ελληνοαμερικανικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα) wanda kuma ya haɗa da '''Kwalejin Psychico''', kodayake galibi ana kiran makarantu biyu a matsayin "Kwalejin Athens". An kafa ta a shekarar 1925. Daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa makarantar da kuma manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai [[Emmanouil Benakis|Emmanuel Benakis]], wanda aka fi sani da Gidan Tarihi na Benaki na Athens, da kuma babban ginin makarantar, da kuma Stephanos Deltas waɗanda aka sanya wa suna a wuraren wasanni na makarantar. Ana koyar da darussan a cikin Girkanci da Ingilishi, yayin da kuma aka haɗa da darussan Faransanci awanni 2 a mako. == Bayani == Ɗaliban 3,000 sun rabu biyu tsakanin Kwalejin Athens da Psycho, kowannensu ya haɗa da Makarantar Kindergarten, Makarantar Firamare, Makarantar Tsakiya, da kuma Makarantar Sakandare . Makarantar sakandare ta Kwalejin Psycho kuma tana ba wa ɗaliban da ke sha'awar karatu a ƙasashen waje shirin International Baccalaureate . Bugu da ƙari, shirin ilimin manya yana ɗaukar ɗalibai 2,000. Laburaren Kwalejin Athens yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu na makarantu a Turai kuma shine na farko a Girka da aka tsara dukkan littattafanta ta hanyar lantarki. Kayan wasanni na Kwalejin Athens sun haɗa da wurin motsa jiki, filayen ƙwallon ƙafa guda biyu (tsakuwa ɗaya), filayen ƙwallon kwando na waje guda bakwai, filayen wasan tennis guda huɗu na waje, wurin ninkaya na cikin gida, filin wasan tsere da filin wasa, da kuma cibiyar wasanni ta cikin gida tare da kayan wasan squash, wasan tennis na teburi, motsa jiki, wasan ƙwallon raga, fasahar yaƙi, da sauran abubuwan da suka faru. Kwalejin Athens ta kasance a Girka da kuma Jihar New York kuma ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta biyan haraji . Abin da ke nuna matsayinta na musamman shi ne shirin tallafin karatu (wanda ƙungiyoyin iyaye da ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai [[SAKA|ta SAKA]] ke daukar nauyinsa) wanda ya bai wa ɗalibai daga matakai daban-daban na tattalin arziki damar yin karatu a can. == Tarihi == An kafa Kwalejin Athens a shekarar 1925 ta hannun ƙungiyar Helenawa (daga cikinsu akwai Emmanuel Benakis da Stephanos Delta) tare da goyon bayan philhellene na Amurka, ciki har da Dr. Bert Hodge, Daraktan Makarantar Nazarin Gargajiya ta Amurka da ke Athens. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.haef.gr/en/haef/history.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119032931/http://www.haef.gr/en/haef/history.php |archive-date=19 November 2010 |access-date=2010-09-13}} Athens College Official website</ref> == Kwalejin Athens, 1925–1980 == An kafa Kwamitin Kafa Kwalejin Athens, wanda ya zama kwamitin gudanarwa, a watan Mayu na shekarar 1924. Membobin ƙungiyar sune Epaminondas Charilaos, Shugaban Ɗakin Kasuwanci da Masana'antu, Bert Hodge Hill, Daraktan Makarantar Nazarin Gargajiya ta Amurka, [[Stephanos Delta]], ɗan kasuwa mai ritaya kuma ma'ajin [[Refugee Settlement Commission|Hukumar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira]], [[Stavros Papadakis]], YMCA . sakatare, Emmanuel Benakis, ɗan kasuwa mai ritaya, tsohon Minista kuma tsohon Magajin Garin Athens, Petros Calligas, tsohon Minista, Harold Jacquith, Daraktan Agajin Gaggawa na Near East, Nicolas Kyriakides, mai jiragen ruwa. Daga baya, an nada Emmanuel Benakis, wanda ya kasance babban mai bayar da gudummawa ga kwalejin, memba na emeritus kuma ɗansa Antonios ya maye gurbinsa a kwamitin. Wani fitaccen memba da ya kafa kamfanin shine Ery Kehaya, wanda shine shugaban kamfanin kasuwanci da taba na yau da kullun. A lokacin shekarar karatu ta 1930-31, adadin ɗaliban ya kai 351, kuma adadin farfesoshi 44 (9 'yan Amurka ne, sauran kuma Girkawa ne). Daga nan aka ƙara shekara ta bakwai a cikin makarantar motsa jiki ta shekaru shida. Wannan ƙarin shekarar zai zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na Kwalejin Athens. A shekarun 1930, kwalejin ta fuskanci matsaloli da yawa na tattalin arziki, kuma an shirya sabbin tarin littattafai. Da kuɗin da aka samu daga masu tallafawa daban-daban, an gina sabbin gine-gine, an kafa ɗakin karatu da kuma asusun tallafin karatu. Homer Davis, wanda shine mukaddashin daraktan kwalejin bayan tafiyar Dewing a shekarar 1930, an nada shi shugaban kwalejin a shekarar 1932. Zai ci gaba da wannan tuhumar har zuwa 1960, kuma zai zama Mukaddashin Shugaban Kasa a 1964-65. Manyan daraktocin Girka a waɗannan shekarun, su ne Michael Michaelides-Nouaros (1925-27), Demetrius Georgakis (1927-36), Emmanuel Troulinos (1936-62), Constantine Lalopoulos (1962-73) da kuma Sofocles Markianos (1973-78). A shekarar 1974, bayan mamayar da Turkiyya ta kai Cyprus, Kwalejin Athens ta karɓi 'yan gudun hijirar Girka 30 zuwa Sashen Kula da Kwaleji kuma ta ba su cikakken tallafin karatu. == Kwalejin Athens, 1980-yanzu == Kwalejin Athens (da kuma makarantar 'yar'uwarta, Kwalejin Psycho, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1980) mallakar Hellenic-American Educational Foundation ce, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta mai cibiyoyin da ke Psycho (Makarantun Tsakiya da Sakandare da Shirin Difloma na Baccalaureate na Duniya) da Kantza a gabashin Attica (makarantun firamare guda biyu: Bodossakio da Latsio). Lokacin da aka fara shi, a watan Oktoban 1925, Kwalejin Athens ta mallaki wani gini da aka yi haya a lamba 18 Androu Street a tsakiyar Athens. Makarantar ta koma Psycho a shekarar 1929. A wannan shekarar, Eleftherios Venizelos, Firayim Ministan Girka na wancan lokacin kuma mai goyon bayan makarantar ne ya keɓe Benaki Hall. A cikin jawabinsa yayin bikin keɓewar, Venizelos ya yi wasu jawabai masu ban sha'awa: "... Makarantu masu zaman kansu su ne inda manyan kirkire-kirkire da suka fi nasara za su iya bunƙasa: idan gwamnati ta kula da su ba tare da wata kulawa ba kuma suka bi ƙa'idodin Jiha, makarantu masu zaman kansu suna jin daɗin 'yancin da makarantun gwamnati ba su da shi, saboda haka, za su iya cimma babban ci gaba. Wannan shine irin ci gaban da muke tsammanin Kwalejin Athens za ta cimma. Wannan shine hukunci na game da mahimmancin Kwalejin." == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cnc2fv8zb06ezhrfu3tm2y2s5fgmdv5 0 162306 887737 2026-07-26T14:49:55Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348991199|Palgrave Academy]]" 887737 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwalejin Palgrave''' wata makarantar farko ce da ba ta da ra'ayi, wato makaranta ko kwaleji da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Ingilishi suka kafa. An gudanar da shi daga shekarar 1774 zuwa 1785 a Palgrave, Suffolk - a kan iyakar Norfolk - ta hannun ma'auratan Anna Laetitia Barbauld da mijinta Rochemont Barbauld, wani firist. Makarantar ta jawo hankalin iyaye waɗanda ke fatan samun madadin ilimin gargajiya ga 'ya'yansu maza. An haifi Anna Laetitia Barbauld a cikin al'adar makarantun da ake kira masu adawa da juna, kamar yadda mahaifinta John Aikin ya fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Kibworth, inda ta sami ilimi mafi kyau fiye da yawancin 'yan mata da mata na lokacin, sannan kuma a Kwalejin Warrington, wacce aka fi sani da "Athens na Arewa" saboda yanayin ilimi mai ban sha'awa. Rochemont Barbauld, jikan wani ɗan Huguenot (ɗan Faransa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya), ɗalibi ne a can; ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekara ta 1774 suka ƙaura zuwa Suffolk, kusa da inda aka ba Rochemont ikilisiya da wannan makarantar yara maza. Ma'auratan sun shafe shekaru goma sha ɗaya suna koyarwa a Palgrave Academy. Tun da farko, Anna Laetitia Barbauld ba wai kawai ta ɗauki nauyin gudanar da gidanta ba ne, har ma da na makarantar—ta kasance akawu, mai kula da gida, kuma mai kula da gida. An buɗe makarantar da yara maza takwas kacal, amma lokacin da Barbaulds suka tafi a shekarar 1785, an yi rajistar kimanin arba'in, wanda hakan shaida ce ta kyakkyawan suna da makarantar ta samu. Falsafar ilimi ta Barbaulds ta jawo hankalin ' yan Anglican da kuma masu adawa da juna. Palgrave ya maye gurbin tsauraran matakan makarantun gargajiya kamar Eton, waɗanda galibi ke amfani da [[Kafar Azaba|hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai]], da tsarin "tara da aiki" har ma, da alama, "gwaji na matasa", wato gwaje-gwajen da ɗaliban kansu ke gudanarwa. Bugu da ƙari, maimakon karatun gargajiya na gargajiya, makarantar ta ba da manhajar karatu mai amfani wadda ta jaddada kimiyya da harsunan zamani. Misis Barbauld ta koyar da manyan darussan karatu da addini ga ƙananan yara maza, sannan kuma ta koyar da ilimin ƙasa, tarihi, rubuce-rubuce, magana, da kimiyya ga manyan yaran. Ta kuma shirya wani "tarihin mako-mako" ga makarantar kuma ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo ga ɗaliban su yi wasa. == Alumni == Yawancin iyaye masu daraja sun sanya 'ya'yansu maza a Palgrave, gami da dan dan Lady Jane McCarthy, 'yar Firayim Minista John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, wanda Sarki George III ya fi so. Dalibai waɗanda daga baya suka bambanta kansu sun haɗa da Lord Chief Justice Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman, masanin kimiyya da mai fassara William Taylor, mazaunin farkon Kanada Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, da masanin binciken kayan tarihi Sir William Gell. Barbauld tana da tasiri sosai ga yawancin ɗalibanta; Taylor, fitaccen masanin wallafe-wallafen Jamusanci, ya kira ta "mahaifiyar tunanina". Mai tallafawa makarantar shine Norwich matriarch Sarah Martineau (née Meadows) (1725-1800) wanda ƙaramin ɗansa, Thomas Martineau (1764-1826), yana ɗaya daga cikin yara maza na farko da suka shiga makarantar. Ɗan'uwan Sarah, Philip Meadows (1719-83), lauya daga Diss da ke kusa ya ba da tallafin kuɗi ga makarantar. == See also == * List of dissenting academies (1660–1800) == Manazarta == 0rewy0gpsnrnp0nfs7x98up2r1kb9fl 887738 887737 2026-07-26T14:51:17Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Palgrave''' wata makarantar farko ce da ba ta da ra'ayi, wato makaranta ko kwaleji da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Ingilishi suka kafa. An gudanar da shi daga shekarar 1774 zuwa 1785 a Palgrave, Suffolk - a kan iyakar Norfolk - ta hannun ma'auratan Anna Laetitia Barbauld da mijinta Rochemont Barbauld, wani firist. Makarantar ta jawo hankalin iyaye waɗanda ke fatan samun madadin ilimin gargajiya ga 'ya'yansu maza. An haifi Anna Laetitia Barbauld a cikin al'adar makarantun da ake kira masu adawa da juna, kamar yadda mahaifinta John Aikin ya fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Kibworth, inda ta sami ilimi mafi kyau fiye da yawancin 'yan mata da mata na lokacin, sannan kuma a Kwalejin Warrington, wacce aka fi sani da "Athens na Arewa" saboda yanayin ilimi mai ban sha'awa. Rochemont Barbauld, jikan wani ɗan Huguenot (ɗan Faransa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya), ɗalibi ne a can; ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekara ta 1774 suka ƙaura zuwa Suffolk, kusa da inda aka ba Rochemont ikilisiya da wannan makarantar yara maza. Ma'auratan sun shafe shekaru goma sha ɗaya suna koyarwa a Palgrave Academy. Tun da farko, Anna Laetitia Barbauld ba wai kawai ta ɗauki nauyin gudanar da gidanta ba ne, har ma da na makarantar—ta kasance akawu, mai kula da gida, kuma mai kula da gida. An buɗe makarantar da yara maza takwas kacal, amma lokacin da Barbaulds suka tafi a shekarar 1785, an yi rajistar kimanin arba'in, wanda hakan shaida ce ta kyakkyawan suna da makarantar ta samu. Falsafar ilimi ta Barbaulds ta jawo hankalin ' yan Anglican da kuma masu adawa da juna. Palgrave ya maye gurbin tsauraran matakan makarantun gargajiya kamar Eton, waɗanda galibi ke amfani da [[Kafar Azaba|hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai]], da tsarin "tara da aiki" har ma, da alama, "gwaji na matasa", wato gwaje-gwajen da ɗaliban kansu ke gudanarwa. Bugu da ƙari, maimakon karatun gargajiya na gargajiya, makarantar ta ba da manhajar karatu mai amfani wadda ta jaddada kimiyya da harsunan zamani. Misis Barbauld ta koyar da manyan darussan karatu da addini ga ƙananan yara maza, sannan kuma ta koyar da ilimin ƙasa, tarihi, rubuce-rubuce, magana, da kimiyya ga manyan yaran. Ta kuma shirya wani "tarihin mako-mako" ga makarantar kuma ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo ga ɗaliban su yi wasa. == Alumni == Yawancin iyaye masu daraja sun sanya 'ya'yansu maza a Palgrave, gami da dan dan Lady Jane McCarthy, 'yar Firayim Minista John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, wanda Sarki George III ya fi so. Dalibai waɗanda daga baya suka bambanta kansu sun haɗa da Lord Chief Justice Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman, masanin kimiyya da mai fassara William Taylor, mazaunin farkon Kanada Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, da masanin binciken kayan tarihi Sir William Gell. Barbauld tana da tasiri sosai ga yawancin ɗalibanta; Taylor, fitaccen masanin wallafe-wallafen Jamusanci, ya kira ta "mahaifiyar tunanina". Mai tallafawa makarantar shine Norwich matriarch Sarah Martineau (née Meadows) (1725-1800) wanda ƙaramin ɗansa, Thomas Martineau (1764-1826), yana ɗaya daga cikin yara maza na farko da suka shiga makarantar. Ɗan'uwan Sarah, Philip Meadows (1719-83), lauya daga Diss da ke kusa ya ba da tallafin kuɗi ga makarantar. == See also == * List of dissenting academies (1660–1800) == Manazarta == mwrtccedfqcbjau3qjwu9maclebbawn 0 162307 887739 2026-07-26T14:52:44Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365153634|Montgomery Community College (North Carolina)]]" 887739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwalejin Al'umma ta Montgomery''' ( '''MCC''' ) [[Kwalejin Al'umma|kwaleji]] ce ta [[Jami'ar Gwamnati|jama'a]] da ke Troy, North Carolina . An yi hayar ta a shekarar 1967 a matsayin '''Cibiyar Fasaha ta Montgomery''' kuma ɓangare ne na Tsarin Kwalejin Al'umma ta North Carolina . Makarantar ta sami takardar izinin shiga makarantar a watan Disamba, 1978, daga Ƙungiyar Kwalejoji da Makarantu ta Kudu . Cibiyar Fasaha ta Montgomery ta zama Kwalejin Fasaha ta Montgomery a shekarar 1983, kuma a watan Satumba na shekarar 1987, an canza sunan zuwa Kwalejin Al'umma ta Montgomery a hukumance. A shekarar 2007, harabar jami'ar ta ƙunshi kayan aiki na kimanin {{Convert|125000|sqft|m2}} a kan {{Convert|153|acre|km2}} na ƙasa. Harabar jami'ar ta ci gaba da bunƙasa kuma ya zuwa shekarar 2010, wuraren aikin sun kai kimanin {{Convert|134400|sqft|m2}} . Laburaren harabar jami'ar sun haɗa da Gelynda & Arron Capel Pottery Collection, wanda ya ƙunshi tsoffin kayan tukwane, da kuma [[Tukwane|kayan tukwane]] na zamani masu amfani da ado. == Malamai == === Shirye-shiryen da suka dogara da digiri === Kwalejin tana ba da shirye-shiryen karatu a cikin fannoni biyar, yawancinsu suna ba da zaɓi tsakanin digiri na aboki, difloma, ko takardar shaidar: * Fasaha da kimiyya * Fasahar kasuwanci * Fasahar kasuwanci * Fasahar lafiya/ayyukan jama'a === Ci gaba da ilimi === Kamar yawancin kwalejojin al'umma, makarantar tana ba da darussan nazarin ci gaba ga waɗanda ke buƙatar shirya don ci gaba da aikin kwaleji, da kuma ci gaba da darussan ilimi don kasuwanci ko nishaɗi. Shirye-shiryen koyon nesa sun haɗa da zaɓuɓɓuka ta amfani da darussan kan layi na Intanet, Ed2Go da Eduwhere, kuma tun daga shekarar 2017, MCC tana amfani da tsarin kula da ilmantarwa na tushen Blackboard. A shekarar 2017, cibiyar ta fara aiki tare da Sashen Sufuri na Sashen Sufuri na North Carolina kan ci gaban [[North Carolina Public Safety Drone Academy|Kwalejin Tsaron Jama'a ta North Carolina]] . Kwalejin tana horar da ma'aikatan gaggawa na kare lafiyar jama'a da kuma ma'aikatan gyara don zama matukan jirgin sama marasa matuki masu lasisin FAA. Kwalejin wuri ne da Ƙungiyar Rifle ta Ƙasa ta amince da shi don shirye-shiryen koyon harbi da kuma na ƙera bindiga. Sauran shirye-shiryen gajere da suka shahara sun haɗa da: * Yin wuka yana nuna ƙwararrun malamai kamar Burt Foster, Liam Hoffman, da Theo Nazz. * Taxidermy, gami da dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi, da kaji * Jiragen Sama marasa matuki, gami da ayyukan noma, daukar hoto, da kuma aikace-aikacen tsere * Sana'o'in Gado, gami da bayar da babban kwas na tukwane, aikin ƙarfe, da aikin katako == Horarwa a Montgomery == MCC ita ce mai ba da horo ga shirin horarwa na Apprenticeship Montgomery . Mai da hankali kan shirya ɗaliban makarantar sakandare da manya don masana'antar kera aiki, Apprenticeship Montgomery haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin ma'aikata na gida, kwalejin, Makarantar Montgomery County, NCWorks, da Sashen Kasuwanci na North Carolina. == Manazarta == tgvb2m8w5kobd007qvouxfuouonc1yd 887740 887739 2026-07-26T14:53:07Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Al'umma ta Montgomery''' ( '''MCC''' ) [[Kwalejin Al'umma|kwaleji]] ce ta [[Jami'ar Gwamnati|jama'a]] da ke Troy, North Carolina . An yi hayar ta a shekarar 1967 a matsayin '''Cibiyar Fasaha ta Montgomery''' kuma ɓangare ne na Tsarin Kwalejin Al'umma ta North Carolina . Makarantar ta sami takardar izinin shiga makarantar a watan Disamba, 1978, daga Ƙungiyar Kwalejoji da Makarantu ta Kudu . Cibiyar Fasaha ta Montgomery ta zama Kwalejin Fasaha ta Montgomery a shekarar 1983, kuma a watan Satumba na shekarar 1987, an canza sunan zuwa Kwalejin Al'umma ta Montgomery a hukumance. A shekarar 2007, harabar jami'ar ta ƙunshi kayan aiki na kimanin {{Convert|125000|sqft|m2}} a kan {{Convert|153|acre|km2}} na ƙasa. Harabar jami'ar ta ci gaba da bunƙasa kuma ya zuwa shekarar 2010, wuraren aikin sun kai kimanin {{Convert|134400|sqft|m2}} . Laburaren harabar jami'ar sun haɗa da Gelynda & Arron Capel Pottery Collection, wanda ya ƙunshi tsoffin kayan tukwane, da kuma [[Tukwane|kayan tukwane]] na zamani masu amfani da ado. == Malamai == === Shirye-shiryen da suka dogara da digiri === Kwalejin tana ba da shirye-shiryen karatu a cikin fannoni biyar, yawancinsu suna ba da zaɓi tsakanin digiri na aboki, difloma, ko takardar shaidar: * Fasaha da kimiyya * Fasahar kasuwanci * Fasahar kasuwanci * Fasahar lafiya/ayyukan jama'a === Ci gaba da ilimi === Kamar yawancin kwalejojin al'umma, makarantar tana ba da darussan nazarin ci gaba ga waɗanda ke buƙatar shirya don ci gaba da aikin kwaleji, da kuma ci gaba da darussan ilimi don kasuwanci ko nishaɗi. Shirye-shiryen koyon nesa sun haɗa da zaɓuɓɓuka ta amfani da darussan kan layi na Intanet, Ed2Go da Eduwhere, kuma tun daga shekarar 2017, MCC tana amfani da tsarin kula da ilmantarwa na tushen Blackboard. A shekarar 2017, cibiyar ta fara aiki tare da Sashen Sufuri na Sashen Sufuri na North Carolina kan ci gaban [[North Carolina Public Safety Drone Academy|Kwalejin Tsaron Jama'a ta North Carolina]] . Kwalejin tana horar da ma'aikatan gaggawa na kare lafiyar jama'a da kuma ma'aikatan gyara don zama matukan jirgin sama marasa matuki masu lasisin FAA. Kwalejin wuri ne da Ƙungiyar Rifle ta Ƙasa ta amince da shi don shirye-shiryen koyon harbi da kuma na ƙera bindiga. Sauran shirye-shiryen gajere da suka shahara sun haɗa da: * Yin wuka yana nuna ƙwararrun malamai kamar Burt Foster, Liam Hoffman, da Theo Nazz. * Taxidermy, gami da dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi, da kaji * Jiragen Sama marasa matuki, gami da ayyukan noma, daukar hoto, da kuma aikace-aikacen tsere * Sana'o'in Gado, gami da bayar da babban kwas na tukwane, aikin ƙarfe, da aikin katako == Horarwa a Montgomery == MCC ita ce mai ba da horo ga shirin horarwa na Apprenticeship Montgomery . Mai da hankali kan shirya ɗaliban makarantar sakandare da manya don masana'antar kera aiki, Apprenticeship Montgomery haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin ma'aikata na gida, kwalejin, Makarantar Montgomery County, NCWorks, da Sashen Kasuwanci na North Carolina. == Manazarta == q72legmx2380qjsvw1k8wqqbz0g8bdq 0 162308 887741 2026-07-26T14:55:13Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359507480|Dnipro Institute of Infrastructure and Transport]]" 887741 wikitext text/x-wiki An sanya wa '''Cibiyar Dnipro ta Kayayyakin more rayuwa da sufuri''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Дніпровський інститут інфраструктури і транспорту │ Український державний університет науки і технологій |url=https://diit.ust.edu.ua/ |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=diit.ust.edu.ua |language=uk}}</ref> '''suna bayan ƙwararren masanin ilimi V. Lazaryan''' ( abbr. '''DIIT''', Ukrainian , a baya ''Jami'ar [[Dnipro|Dnipropetrovsk]]'' ) wata babbar cibiyar ilimi ce ta matakin 4 (mafi girma) na amincewa da jiha a [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] . Daga shekarar 2021 wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ukraine (a [[Dnipro]] ) a matsayin cibiyar nazari da bincike. An kafa ta a shekarar 1930 a matsayin Cibiyar Injiniyan Sufurin Jiragen Kasa, kuma har zuwa shekarar 2021 an san ta da '''Jami'ar Sufurin Jiragen Kasa ta Dnipro''' . == Tsarin gini == Tsarin Jami'ar ya ƙunshi sassa 11: * Gadaje da Rafukan Sufuri * Lantarki na Sufurin Jirgin Kasa * Ininiyan inji * Kula da [[Jirgin ƙasa|Zirga-zirgar]] Jirgin Kasa * Gina da Kula da Layin Jirgin Ƙasa * Injiniyan Farar Hula da Masana'antu * Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa a Sufuri * Fasahar Intanet * Ilimin ɗan adam da aiki tare da ɗaliban ƙasashen waje * Horar da Ƙwararru Kan Musamman da Sashen Cancantar Haɓaka Matsayi == Duba kuma == * Buɗaɗɗen hanyar shiga a Ukraine * Jerin jami'o'i a Ukraine == Manazarta == qn9niguioh1cxh1vb12i74201c89r9t 887742 887741 2026-07-26T14:55:45Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An sanya wa '''Cibiyar Dnipro ta Kayayyakin more rayuwa da sufuri''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Дніпровський інститут інфраструктури і транспорту │ Український державний університет науки і технологій |url=https://diit.ust.edu.ua/ |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=diit.ust.edu.ua |language=uk}}</ref> '''suna bayan ƙwararren masanin ilimi V. Lazaryan''' ( abbr. '''DIIT''', Ukrainian , a baya ''Jami'ar [[Dnipro|Dnipropetrovsk]]'' ) wata babbar cibiyar ilimi ce ta matakin 4 (mafi girma) na amincewa da jiha a [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] . Daga shekarar 2021 wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ukraine (a [[Dnipro]] ) a matsayin cibiyar nazari da bincike. An kafa ta a shekarar 1930 a matsayin Cibiyar Injiniyan Sufurin Jiragen Kasa, kuma har zuwa shekarar 2021 an san ta da '''Jami'ar Sufurin Jiragen Kasa ta Dnipro''' . == Tsarin gini == Tsarin Jami'ar ya ƙunshi sassa 11: * Gadaje da Rafukan Sufuri * Lantarki na Sufurin Jirgin Kasa * Ininiyan inji * Kula da [[Jirgin ƙasa|Zirga-zirgar]] Jirgin Kasa * Gina da Kula da Layin Jirgin Ƙasa * Injiniyan Farar Hula da Masana'antu * Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa a Sufuri * Fasahar Intanet * Ilimin ɗan adam da aiki tare da ɗaliban ƙasashen waje * Horar da Ƙwararru Kan Musamman da Sashen Cancantar Haɓaka Matsayi == Duba kuma == * Buɗaɗɗen hanyar shiga a Ukraine * Jerin jami'o'i a Ukraine == Manazarta == 1zk5xs2caeigpay469omnqwn7sucr5x 0 162309 887745 2026-07-26T14:56:43Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334617917|Blue Lake Fine Arts Camp]]" 887745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sansanin Fine Arts na Blue Lake''' wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a Michigan da ke cikin Dajin Manistee National wadda ke ba da sansanin fasaha na bazara da shirye-shiryen musayar fasaha na ƙasashen duniya a fannin kiɗa, fasaha, rawa, da wasan kwaikwayo. An kafa sansanin Blue Lake Fine Arts Camp a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta a shekarar 1966 ta hannun iyalan Stansell, waɗanda suka ci gaba da zama masu mallakar cibiyar daga tsararraki da yawa. Sansanin yana kan kimanin eka 1200 a cikin Dajin Manistee National da ke Michigan. Tana iya ɗaukar nauyin ɗalibai 4500 daga aji na 5 zuwa na 12 a cikin zaman kwanaki 12 da dama a kowace bazara. Tana gudanar da tashoshin rediyon FM a cikin gida da kuma a Grand Rapids waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na Ƙasa . An raba harabar Blue Lake zuwa Central Camp da Bernstein Camp. Duk da cewa Central za ta karbi bakuncin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a zaman 1 da 2, Bernstein za ta karbi bakuncin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare, yayin da Central za ta karbi bakuncin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a zaman 3 da 4, Bernstein za ta karbi bakuncin ɗaliban da suka tashi daga aji 5 zuwa 7. Ga masu sansani na tsakiya, ana bayar da fannoni da yawa na musamman ko na karatu, ciki har da wasan kwaikwayo, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, ƙungiyar makaɗa, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, fasaha, rawa, da sauransu. Masu sansanin Bernstein za su iya zaɓar tsakanin babban mawallafin Band ko babban mawallafin Orchestra. Masu zangon tsakiya da Berenstein duka za su iya zaɓar daga ƙananan fannoni ko na sakandare da yawa na karatu. Blue Lake kuma tana ba da shirye-shiryen sansanin manya da na iyali. Kamar shirye-shiryen matasa, manya masu sansani suna shiga cikin koyarwa ta yau da kullun akan kayan kida da kuma gwaje-gwajen ƙungiya. Samun damar shiga shirye-shiryen nishaɗi, koyarwa na zaɓi, da shirye-shiryen kade-kade na yau da kullun na sansanin yana samuwa ga kowane zamani. Mawakan manya za su iya zama a gidan Blue Lake a cikin masu sansani ko tanti a sansanin Niblock, ko kuma su sami masauki a otal-otal na gida. == Musayar ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:BLIB_W_Locals81.png|right|thumb| Ɗalibai da ma'aikata na Blue Lake sun haɗu da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta gari a gindin tsaunukan Bavarian Alps.]] Blue Lake tana karɓar ɗaliban musayar kuɗi na ƙasashen duniya a fannin fasaha, tare da shirya tarin ɗaliban Amurka da dama don yin tafiya zuwa Turai da yin wasanni kowace shekara. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance ga su ba, ƙungiyar kade-kade, ƙungiyar jazz, [[Orchestra|ƙungiyar makaɗa]], da ƙungiyar mawaƙa . Waɗannan musayar ra'ayoyin suna taimakawa wajen fallasa ɗalibai ga wasu al'adu kuma an ambace su a matsayin "wakilan Amurka masu kyau". Sansanin ya kuma fara irin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje a cikin haɗin gwiwar al'adu daban-daban kamar ƙungiyar mawakan ''Blue Lake a Bavaria'' waɗanda aka kafa daga gaurayen ɗaliban makarantar sakandare na Amurka da Turai don yin atisaye da yin wasa tare tsawon wata guda. == Leonard Falcone == Kafin kafa Blue Lake, Leonard Falcone, ƙwararren mawaƙin baritone kuma Daraktan Makada a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, ya jagoranci ''waƙoƙin matasa da yawa a sansanonin bazara na Jihar Michigan'' tare da haɗin gwiwa, da kuma goyon bayan Ƙungiyar Makada da Makada ta Makarantar Michigan. Da yake Fritz Stansell ya roƙe shi, Falcone ya mayar da hankali kan taimakawa shirin a Blue Lake kuma ya zama ma'aikaci/mai fasaha na yau da kullun a gida. Daga baya wasu fitattun mawaka a duniyar ilimin kiɗa da ƙungiyar kade-kade za su haɗu da Falcone, kamar mawakan John Barnes Chance da Václav Nelhýbel . Bayan rasuwar Falcone a shekarar 1985, Blue Lake ta zama wurin bikin Leonard Falcone International Tuba and Euphonium Festival da kuma gasar da ɗalibansa suka ƙirƙira don tunawa da shi kuma ake gudanarwa a Blue Lake kowace shekara. Wannan ya zama babban taron shekara-shekara a cikin al'ummar tuba da euphonium ta duniya kuma shine babban wurin da Amurka ke shirya waɗannan kayan kida.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (February 2025)">ma'anar zagaye</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Duba kuma == Bikin Tuba da Euphonium na Duniya na Leonard Falcone Solid Brass: Labarin Leonard Falcone na Rita Griffin Comstock == Manazarta == bswnkcfzpextkh4a9xn57nexp1np49w 887748 887745 2026-07-26T14:57:05Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sansanin Fine Arts na Blue Lake''' wata ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a Michigan da ke cikin Dajin Manistee National wadda ke ba da sansanin fasaha na bazara da shirye-shiryen musayar fasaha na ƙasashen duniya a fannin kiɗa, fasaha, rawa, da wasan kwaikwayo. An kafa sansanin Blue Lake Fine Arts Camp a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta a shekarar 1966 ta hannun iyalan Stansell, waɗanda suka ci gaba da zama masu mallakar cibiyar daga tsararraki da yawa. Sansanin yana kan kimanin eka 1200 a cikin Dajin Manistee National da ke Michigan. Tana iya ɗaukar nauyin ɗalibai 4500 daga aji na 5 zuwa na 12 a cikin zaman kwanaki 12 da dama a kowace bazara. Tana gudanar da tashoshin rediyon FM a cikin gida da kuma a Grand Rapids waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na Ƙasa . An raba harabar Blue Lake zuwa Central Camp da Bernstein Camp. Duk da cewa Central za ta karbi bakuncin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a zaman 1 da 2, Bernstein za ta karbi bakuncin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare, yayin da Central za ta karbi bakuncin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a zaman 3 da 4, Bernstein za ta karbi bakuncin ɗaliban da suka tashi daga aji 5 zuwa 7. Ga masu sansani na tsakiya, ana bayar da fannoni da yawa na musamman ko na karatu, ciki har da wasan kwaikwayo, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, ƙungiyar makaɗa, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, fasaha, rawa, da sauransu. Masu sansanin Bernstein za su iya zaɓar tsakanin babban mawallafin Band ko babban mawallafin Orchestra. Masu zangon tsakiya da Berenstein duka za su iya zaɓar daga ƙananan fannoni ko na sakandare da yawa na karatu. Blue Lake kuma tana ba da shirye-shiryen sansanin manya da na iyali. Kamar shirye-shiryen matasa, manya masu sansani suna shiga cikin koyarwa ta yau da kullun akan kayan kida da kuma gwaje-gwajen ƙungiya. Samun damar shiga shirye-shiryen nishaɗi, koyarwa na zaɓi, da shirye-shiryen kade-kade na yau da kullun na sansanin yana samuwa ga kowane zamani. Mawakan manya za su iya zama a gidan Blue Lake a cikin masu sansani ko tanti a sansanin Niblock, ko kuma su sami masauki a otal-otal na gida. == Musayar ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:BLIB_W_Locals81.png|right|thumb| Ɗalibai da ma'aikata na Blue Lake sun haɗu da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta gari a gindin tsaunukan Bavarian Alps.]] Blue Lake tana karɓar ɗaliban musayar kuɗi na ƙasashen duniya a fannin fasaha, tare da shirya tarin ɗaliban Amurka da dama don yin tafiya zuwa Turai da yin wasanni kowace shekara. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance ga su ba, ƙungiyar kade-kade, ƙungiyar jazz, [[Orchestra|ƙungiyar makaɗa]], da ƙungiyar mawaƙa . Waɗannan musayar ra'ayoyin suna taimakawa wajen fallasa ɗalibai ga wasu al'adu kuma an ambace su a matsayin "wakilan Amurka masu kyau". Sansanin ya kuma fara irin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje a cikin haɗin gwiwar al'adu daban-daban kamar ƙungiyar mawakan ''Blue Lake a Bavaria'' waɗanda aka kafa daga gaurayen ɗaliban makarantar sakandare na Amurka da Turai don yin atisaye da yin wasa tare tsawon wata guda. == Leonard Falcone == Kafin kafa Blue Lake, Leonard Falcone, ƙwararren mawaƙin baritone kuma Daraktan Makada a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, ya jagoranci ''waƙoƙin matasa da yawa a sansanonin bazara na Jihar Michigan'' tare da haɗin gwiwa, da kuma goyon bayan Ƙungiyar Makada da Makada ta Makarantar Michigan. Da yake Fritz Stansell ya roƙe shi, Falcone ya mayar da hankali kan taimakawa shirin a Blue Lake kuma ya zama ma'aikaci/mai fasaha na yau da kullun a gida. Daga baya wasu fitattun mawaka a duniyar ilimin kiɗa da ƙungiyar kade-kade za su haɗu da Falcone, kamar mawakan John Barnes Chance da Václav Nelhýbel . Bayan rasuwar Falcone a shekarar 1985, Blue Lake ta zama wurin bikin Leonard Falcone International Tuba and Euphonium Festival da kuma gasar da ɗalibansa suka ƙirƙira don tunawa da shi kuma ake gudanarwa a Blue Lake kowace shekara. Wannan ya zama babban taron shekara-shekara a cikin al'ummar tuba da euphonium ta duniya kuma shine babban wurin da Amurka ke shirya waɗannan kayan kida.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (February 2025)">ma'anar zagaye</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> == Duba kuma == Bikin Tuba da Euphonium na Duniya na Leonard Falcone Solid Brass: Labarin Leonard Falcone na Rita Griffin Comstock == Manazarta == mq0yu526rq8v3igtd7b32ij44bn3v1h 0 162310 887756 2026-07-26T15:02:14Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359174278|Separate school]]" 887756 wikitext text/x-wiki A Kanada, wata '''makaranta daban''' makaranta ce da gwamnati ke daukar nauyinta, wacce ke da wani bangare na addini wanda ke da matsayin kundin tsarin mulki a larduna uku ( Ontario, Alberta da Saskatchewan ), da kuma [[Dokar|matsayin doka]] a yankuna uku ( Yankunan Arewa maso Yamma, Yukon da Nunavut ). A waɗannan yankunan Kanada, wata makaranta daban ita ce wadda hukumar farar hula ke gudanarwa - hukumar makaranta daban - tare da umarnin da aka sanya a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Kanada (ga larduna uku) ko kuma a cikin dokokin tarayya (ga yankuna uku). A cikin waɗannan yankuna shida [[Addini|,]] masu zaɓe na farar hula, waɗanda suka ƙunshi 'yan tsiraru, suna zaɓar amintattun makarantu daban-daban bisa ga dokokin zaɓe na ƙananan hukumomi na lardin ko yanki. Waɗannan amintattun suna da alhakin shari'a ga waɗanda suka zaɓe su da kuma gwamnatin lardi ko ta yanki. Babu wata coci da ke da wani sha'awa [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|na kundin tsarin mulki]], na shari'a, ko [[wiktionary:proprietary|na mallakar kanta]] a wata makaranta daban. Umarnin da kundin tsarin mulki ya bayar na wata [[Yanke hukunci|hukuma]] ta daban da kuma wata makaranta daban shine a samar da ilimi a cikin makarantar da hukumar makarantar daban ta ɗauka tana nuna tauhidin [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]] (ko kuma, ba kasafai ake kiransa [[Protestan bangaskiya|da Furotesta]] ) ba, da kuma ayyukanta. Wannan umarni zai iya bayyana kansa a cikin Shirin Nazarin da manhaja, darussan da ayyuka, da kuma ma'aikata. An ƙayyade iyakokin wannan umarni ta hanyar amfani da sashe na 93 na <nowiki><i id="mwKg">Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1867</i></nowiki>, ''Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙoƙi da 'Yanci ta Kanada'', da kuma hukunce-hukuncen shari'a. Bambancin gogewa a Ontario idan aka kwatanta da Alberta da Saskatchewan ya samo asali ne daga tanadin kundin tsarin mulki iri ɗaya da ke tasiri ga matsuguni a matakai daban-daban a tarihin Kanada. Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Kanada bai kafa ilimin makaranta daban a matsayin haƙƙi na halitta ko na sharaɗi ga kowa ba. Furotesta ko Roman Katolika ne kawai, ko wace irin addini ce ta tsiraru idan aka kwatanta da sauran a cikin al'umma, za su iya la'akari da kafa ilimin makaranta daban. Ba a bai wa 'yan ƙasa na kowace irin addini irin su Kiristocin Orthodox, Yahudawa, Mormons, Musulmai, Hindu ko Sikh damar kafa makarantu daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, mabiya addinin tsiraru dole ne su tabbatar da cewa suna son barin tsarin makarantun gwamnati su ƙirƙiri tsarin makarantu daban. == Tarihi == === Bayanin Alƙaluma === [[Fayil:Province_of_Quebec_1774.gif|thumb| Tsohon Lardin Quebec, gami da abin da ya zama Lower Canada da Upper Canada]] Matsalar makaranta daban ta taso ne a Lardin Kanada, kafin Tarayyar Kanada a 1867, amma ta samo asali ne daga mallakar Turawan Ingila na mulkin mallaka na Kanada, a lokacin da Faransa ta mamaye 1759-1760 . Mazauna New France kusan gaba ɗaya suna jin Faransanci kuma Katolika ne. Yankin da Birtaniya ta mallaka ya haɗa da matsugunan Faransa a gefen Kogin St. Lawrence, wanda yanzu [[Kebek (lardi)|yake lardin Quebec]], sannan kuma ya haɗa da yankin da ke gefen ƙananan Tafkuna, wanda yanzu yake kudancin Ontario . Bayan juyin juya halin Amurka, sabuwar yankin ta cika da 'yan gudun hijirar siyasa na Anglo-Protestant, wato United Empire Loyalists . Yawancinsu sun zauna a abin da aka sani da Gabashin Garuruwan da kuma a [[Montréal|Montreal]], inda suka samar da tarin tsirarun Anglo-Protestan. Sun kuma zauna a abin da ya zama Ontario, inda suka kafa yankin da ke da rinjayen Anglo-Protestant. Domin karɓar waɗannan sabbin mazauna, Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da ''Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1791'', wadda ta raba yankin zuwa larduna biyu: Lower Canada, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama Quebec, da Upper Canada, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama Ontario. Sakamakon haka shi ne cewa Lower Canada galibi suna magana da Faransanci da Katolika, tare da yawancin 'yan Burtaniya-Protestan, yayin da Upper Canada galibi suna magana da Ingilishi da Furotesta, amma tare da tsirarun Katolika, wasu suna magana da Faransanci, da wasu masu magana da Ingilishi (galibi 'yan Katolika na Ireland da Scotland). Wannan yanayin ya ci gaba har zuwa 1841, lokacin da Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da ''Dokar Hadin Kai, 1840'', don sake haɗa Kanada ta Lower da Upper Canada zuwa Lardin Kanada guda ɗaya. Duk da cewa Lardin Kanada yana cikin wani yanki na musamman, a aikace bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin yankunan biyu sun sa aka zartar da dokoki da yawa waɗanda suka shafi ɗaya ko ɗayan yanki, wanda hakan ya nuna bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin harshe, addini da al'adu. Makarantun wannan lokacin kusan gaba ɗaya makarantun coci ne da coci-coci daban-daban ke iko da su. Duk da haka, yayin da lokaci ke tafiya, gwamnatin lardin Kanada ta fara tsara makarantu, wanda hakan ya haifar da manyan batutuwa na harshe da addini. === Tasirin rikicin Furotesta da Katolika a makarantu === A shekarun 1840, ministan Methodist kuma ɗan siyasan gyara hali, Egerton Ryerson ya yi fafutukar "makarantu na gama gari" waɗanda za su ilmantar da yara na dukkan addinai a ƙarƙashin tsari ɗaya. Ya zama Babban Sufeton Ilimi na Babban Birnin Kanada a shekarar 1844. Duk da haka, Ryerson bai iya shawo kan tsirarun Katolika ba kuma ya amince da sassa daban-daban a cikin sauye-sauyen iliminsa wanda ya ba da damar makarantun addini marasa rinjaye a cikin tsarin da gwamnati ke tallafawa. Shari'ar Katolika ta ƙarfafa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsirarun Furotesta a Lower Canada sun riga sun riga sun yi  ya sami 'yancin samun tsarin daban. An tabbatar da kafa makarantu daban-daban a Yammacin Kanada (Upper Canada kafin 1840) ta hanyar ''[[Scott Act (1863)|Dokar Scott]]'' ta 1863, amma tare da gargadin cewa makarantun Katolika na karkara za su iya yin hidima ne kawai a yankin da ke da fadin {{Convert|3|mi}} . <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 16, 2011 |title=Catholic Schools: Separate but Equal Funding |url=http://torontoist.com/2011/09/catholic-schools-separate-but-equal-funding/}}</ref> A lardunan ruwa, irin waɗannan batutuwa sun kasance a cikin wasa. A shekara ta 1864, gwamnatin Nova Scotia ta gyara tsarin iliminta. Ta janye tallafi daga dukkan makarantu waɗanda suke da addini ko kuma waɗanda ke amfani da kowace harshe banda Turanci a matsayin hanyar koyarwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Peter M. Toner, "The New Brunswick Schools Question" |url=http://www.cchahistory.ca/journal/CCHA1970/Toner.html}}</ref> A New Brunswick a ƙarƙashin Dokar Makarantun Parish ta 1858, babu wani kulawa da ya rage daga hukumar ilimi ta tsakiya, kuma a aikace kowace makaranta tana gudanar da ita ne kawai da kanta ta hannun kwamitin amintattu, kuma yawancin allunan makarantu suna ƙarƙashin rinjayen masu ra'ayin mazan jiya daga addini ɗaya ko wata. Littattafan karatu ba a daidaita su ba; yankunan da 'yan Furotesta suka fi rinjaye sun yi amfani da littattafan [[Makarantar kasa (Ireland)|Makarantun Ƙasa na Irish]] yayin da yankunan Katolika masu magana da Turanci suka yi amfani da littattafan ' Yan'uwan Kiristoci na Irish . Ƙananan makarantun Acadian sun yi amfani da littattafan harshen Faransanci daga Kanada ta Gabas (Ƙasar Kanada). === Yarjejeniyar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Gwiwa === [[Fayil:Sir_George-Etienne_Cartier.jpg|thumb| George-Etienne Cartier, ɗaya daga cikin Ubannin Ƙungiyar, kuma mai fafutukar kare makarantun Katolika a Quebec]] [[Fayil:Sir_Alexander_Galt_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Alexander Galt, wani Uba na Ƙungiyar Tarayya, wanda ya yi fafutukar samar da makarantun Furotesta ga tsirarun masu magana da Ingilishi a Quebec.]] [[Fayil:George_Brown.jpg|thumb| George Brown, Uba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Kwaminisanci daga Ontario, wanda ya ƙi amincewa da makarantu daban-daban gaba ɗaya]] [[Fayil:JaMAC_140x190.jpg|thumb| John A. Macdonald, wani Uba na Ƙungiyar Tarayya, wanda ta wata hanya dole ne ya haɗa komai wuri ɗaya.]] Rike allunan makarantu daban-daban tare da tallafin gwamnati babban batu ne da ya jawo ce-ce-ku-ce a tattaunawar da ta haifar da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Kanada, musamman sakamakon rikicin ƙabilanci da addini tsakanin al'ummar Katolika ta Roman Katolika a Kanada (mafi yawancinsu masu jin Faransanci) da kuma mafi yawan [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] . Wannan batu ya kasance batun muhawara a taron Quebec na 1864 kuma a ƙarshe an warware shi a taron London na 1866 tare da shawarar kiyaye tsarin makarantu daban-daban a [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]] da Ontario . Yadda aka rubuta wannan yarjejeniya a cikin Dokar Arewacin Amurka ta Birtaniya, 1867, ya nuna cewa yanayin ilimi a kowace masarauta ko yanki a lokacin da ta shiga Tarayyar za a ci gaba da shi daga baya. Saboda haka, lardunan [[British Columbia]], New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, da Prince Edward Island ba su taɓa samun tsarin ilimi wanda ya haɗa da "makarantu daban-daban" ba. Waɗannan haƙƙoƙin da aka riga aka mallaka na makarantun addini marasa rinjaye waɗanda ke karɓar haraji a lokacin sun kasance wani ɓangare na tattaunawar kundin tsarin mulki da ta shafi Tarayyar Kanada a shekarun 1860. A taron Landan na shekarar 1866, Bishop Connolly na Halifax na Roman Katolika ya yi kira ga wakilan su raba tsarin makarantun Katolika da Furotesta a fadin tarayyar, wanda gwamnatin tsakiya ke gudanarwa. Wakilan Kanada 'yan ƙasar Faransa daga Kanada ta Gabas sun yi watsi da wannan da ƙarfi, waɗanda suka buƙaci a ba da iko kan ilimi a larduna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Peter M. Toner, "The New Brunswick Schools Question" |url=http://www.cchahistory.ca/journal/CCHA1970/Toner.html}}</ref> An yi sulhun ne a sashe na 93 na ''Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1867'' wanda ya ba gwamnatin tarayya damar shiga tsakani kawai don kare makarantun tsiraru da aka kafa bayan Tarayyar. Baya ga wannan gargaɗin, sashe na 93 ya tanadar da cewa ilimi batu ne na ikon lardin da ke da ikon yinsa. == Larduna da yankuna masu makarantu daban-daban == Tsarin da ya dace da Ontario shine sashi na 93(1) na ''Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1867'' kamar yadda aka fara aiwatarwa. Ga Alberta da Saskatchewan, tanadin da ya dace shine sashi na 93(1), kamar yadda aka gyara ta ''Dokar Alberta'' da ''Dokar Saskatchewan'', bi da bi. Kamar yadda Kotun Koli ta Kanada ta yanke hukunci a shari'ar ''Adler da Ontario'', ikon ilimi na lardi a ƙarƙashin sashe na 93 na ''Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1867'' cikakken iko ne, kuma ba a fuskantar harin ''Yarjejeniya'' ba. Kamar yadda Iacobucci J. ya lura, sakamakon sulhu ne na tarihi mai mahimmanci ga Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai kuma yana samar da cikakken tsari game da haƙƙin makarantun ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ba za a iya faɗaɗa su ta hanyar aiwatar da sashi na 2(a) na ''Yarjejeniyar'' ba. Ba ya wakiltar garantin ' [[Hakki na asali|yanci na asali]] . === Ontario === Allon makarantu da lardin ke daukar nauyinsu sun kunshi allunan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Ingilishi guda 29 da kuma allunan Katolika na Faransa guda 8, da kuma allunan makarantun gwamnati guda 35 wadanda ba na addini ba (31 na jama'a na Ingilishi, 4 na jama'a na Faransa). Akwai wata hukuma ta [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] daban a Ontario, Makarantar Burkevale Protestant Raba, wadda Hukumar Makarantun Furotesta ta Penetanguishene ke gudanarwa. A Ontario, an yanke wannan hukunci a ko'ina cikin lardin a lokacin da aka kafa Tarayyar. Tsarin makarantun gwamnati a lardin ya kasance na Furotesta a tarihi amma a hankali aka mayar da shi tsarin gwamnati na addini. An hana yin addu'a a makarantun gwamnati a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 ta hanyar hukuncin Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Ontario. Tun daga ƙarni na 19, an samar da kuɗaɗen tsarin makarantu daban-daban na Roman Katolika har zuwa aji na 10 a ƙarƙashin Dokar Burtaniya ta Arewacin Amurka (BNA) . A shekarar 1984, gwamnatin Firayim Minista William Davis ta ba da cikakken kuɗin shiga ga shekaru uku na ƙarshe (azuzuwan 11-13 ( OAC )) na makarantun sakandare na Roman Katolika bayan ta ƙi wannan shawarar shekaru goma sha biyar da suka gabata. Shekarar farko ta ilimi da aka biya kuɗi ta faru ne a shekarar 1985–86, a matsayin aji na 11, kuma an ƙara aji ɗaya a kowace shekara biyu da suka biyo baya. Ana ci gaba da tabbatar wa Katolika na Roman Katolika a Ontario haƙƙin samun tsarin makarantu daban-daban da gwamnati ke ba da kuɗaɗen gudanarwa ga gwamnati bisa ga sashe na 93 na ''Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1867.'' Jam'iyyar Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ta tabo batun bai wa sauran makarantun addini tallafin kuɗi a zaɓen gama gari na Ontario na 2007 ; duk da haka sun sha kaye a zaɓen kuma ba a sake tayar da batun a zaɓen da ya biyo baya ba. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fbq80g4xzkxp5otnwl4633fmohj6gxi 887757 887756 2026-07-26T15:02:45Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A Kanada, wata '''makaranta daban''' makaranta ce da gwamnati ke daukar nauyinta, wacce ke da wani bangare na addini wanda ke da matsayin kundin tsarin mulki a larduna uku ( Ontario, Alberta da Saskatchewan ), da kuma [[Dokar|matsayin doka]] a yankuna uku ( Yankunan Arewa maso Yamma, Yukon da Nunavut ). A waɗannan yankunan Kanada, wata makaranta daban ita ce wadda hukumar farar hula ke gudanarwa - hukumar makaranta daban - tare da umarnin da aka sanya a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Kanada (ga larduna uku) ko kuma a cikin dokokin tarayya (ga yankuna uku). A cikin waɗannan yankuna shida [[Addini|,]] masu zaɓe na farar hula, waɗanda suka ƙunshi 'yan tsiraru, suna zaɓar amintattun makarantu daban-daban bisa ga dokokin zaɓe na ƙananan hukumomi na lardin ko yanki. Waɗannan amintattun suna da alhakin shari'a ga waɗanda suka zaɓe su da kuma gwamnatin lardi ko ta yanki. Babu wata coci da ke da wani sha'awa [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|na kundin tsarin mulki]], na shari'a, ko [[wiktionary:proprietary|na mallakar kanta]] a wata makaranta daban. Umarnin da kundin tsarin mulki ya bayar na wata [[Yanke hukunci|hukuma]] ta daban da kuma wata makaranta daban shine a samar da ilimi a cikin makarantar da hukumar makarantar daban ta ɗauka tana nuna tauhidin [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]] (ko kuma, ba kasafai ake kiransa [[Protestan bangaskiya|da Furotesta]] ) ba, da kuma ayyukanta. Wannan umarni zai iya bayyana kansa a cikin Shirin Nazarin da manhaja, darussan da ayyuka, da kuma ma'aikata. An ƙayyade iyakokin wannan umarni ta hanyar amfani da sashe na 93 na <nowiki><i id="mwKg">Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1867</i></nowiki>, ''Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙoƙi da 'Yanci ta Kanada'', da kuma hukunce-hukuncen shari'a. Bambancin gogewa a Ontario idan aka kwatanta da Alberta da Saskatchewan ya samo asali ne daga tanadin kundin tsarin mulki iri ɗaya da ke tasiri ga matsuguni a matakai daban-daban a tarihin Kanada. Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Kanada bai kafa ilimin makaranta daban a matsayin haƙƙi na halitta ko na sharaɗi ga kowa ba. Furotesta ko Roman Katolika ne kawai, ko wace irin addini ce ta tsiraru idan aka kwatanta da sauran a cikin al'umma, za su iya la'akari da kafa ilimin makaranta daban. Ba a bai wa 'yan ƙasa na kowace irin addini irin su Kiristocin Orthodox, Yahudawa, Mormons, Musulmai, Hindu ko Sikh damar kafa makarantu daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, mabiya addinin tsiraru dole ne su tabbatar da cewa suna son barin tsarin makarantun gwamnati su ƙirƙiri tsarin makarantu daban. == Tarihi == === Bayanin Alƙaluma === [[Fayil:Province_of_Quebec_1774.gif|thumb| Tsohon Lardin Quebec, gami da abin da ya zama Lower Canada da Upper Canada]] Matsalar makaranta daban ta taso ne a Lardin Kanada, kafin Tarayyar Kanada a 1867, amma ta samo asali ne daga mallakar Turawan Ingila na mulkin mallaka na Kanada, a lokacin da Faransa ta mamaye 1759-1760 . Mazauna New France kusan gaba ɗaya suna jin Faransanci kuma Katolika ne. Yankin da Birtaniya ta mallaka ya haɗa da matsugunan Faransa a gefen Kogin St. Lawrence, wanda yanzu [[Kebek (lardi)|yake lardin Quebec]], sannan kuma ya haɗa da yankin da ke gefen ƙananan Tafkuna, wanda yanzu yake kudancin Ontario . Bayan juyin juya halin Amurka, sabuwar yankin ta cika da 'yan gudun hijirar siyasa na Anglo-Protestant, wato United Empire Loyalists . Yawancinsu sun zauna a abin da aka sani da Gabashin Garuruwan da kuma a [[Montréal|Montreal]], inda suka samar da tarin tsirarun Anglo-Protestan. Sun kuma zauna a abin da ya zama Ontario, inda suka kafa yankin da ke da rinjayen Anglo-Protestant. Domin karɓar waɗannan sabbin mazauna, Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da ''Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1791'', wadda ta raba yankin zuwa larduna biyu: Lower Canada, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama Quebec, da Upper Canada, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama Ontario. Sakamakon haka shi ne cewa Lower Canada galibi suna magana da Faransanci da Katolika, tare da yawancin 'yan Burtaniya-Protestan, yayin da Upper Canada galibi suna magana da Ingilishi da Furotesta, amma tare da tsirarun Katolika, wasu suna magana da Faransanci, da wasu masu magana da Ingilishi (galibi 'yan Katolika na Ireland da Scotland). Wannan yanayin ya ci gaba har zuwa 1841, lokacin da Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da ''Dokar Hadin Kai, 1840'', don sake haɗa Kanada ta Lower da Upper Canada zuwa Lardin Kanada guda ɗaya. Duk da cewa Lardin Kanada yana cikin wani yanki na musamman, a aikace bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin yankunan biyu sun sa aka zartar da dokoki da yawa waɗanda suka shafi ɗaya ko ɗayan yanki, wanda hakan ya nuna bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin harshe, addini da al'adu. Makarantun wannan lokacin kusan gaba ɗaya makarantun coci ne da coci-coci daban-daban ke iko da su. Duk da haka, yayin da lokaci ke tafiya, gwamnatin lardin Kanada ta fara tsara makarantu, wanda hakan ya haifar da manyan batutuwa na harshe da addini. === Tasirin rikicin Furotesta da Katolika a makarantu === A shekarun 1840, ministan Methodist kuma ɗan siyasan gyara hali, Egerton Ryerson ya yi fafutukar "makarantu na gama gari" waɗanda za su ilmantar da yara na dukkan addinai a ƙarƙashin tsari ɗaya. Ya zama Babban Sufeton Ilimi na Babban Birnin Kanada a shekarar 1844. Duk da haka, Ryerson bai iya shawo kan tsirarun Katolika ba kuma ya amince da sassa daban-daban a cikin sauye-sauyen iliminsa wanda ya ba da damar makarantun addini marasa rinjaye a cikin tsarin da gwamnati ke tallafawa. Shari'ar Katolika ta ƙarfafa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsirarun Furotesta a Lower Canada sun riga sun riga sun yi  ya sami 'yancin samun tsarin daban. An tabbatar da kafa makarantu daban-daban a Yammacin Kanada (Upper Canada kafin 1840) ta hanyar ''[[Scott Act (1863)|Dokar Scott]]'' ta 1863, amma tare da gargadin cewa makarantun Katolika na karkara za su iya yin hidima ne kawai a yankin da ke da fadin {{Convert|3|mi}} . <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 16, 2011 |title=Catholic Schools: Separate but Equal Funding |url=http://torontoist.com/2011/09/catholic-schools-separate-but-equal-funding/}}</ref> A lardunan ruwa, irin waɗannan batutuwa sun kasance a cikin wasa. A shekara ta 1864, gwamnatin Nova Scotia ta gyara tsarin iliminta. Ta janye tallafi daga dukkan makarantu waɗanda suke da addini ko kuma waɗanda ke amfani da kowace harshe banda Turanci a matsayin hanyar koyarwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Peter M. Toner, "The New Brunswick Schools Question" |url=http://www.cchahistory.ca/journal/CCHA1970/Toner.html}}</ref> A New Brunswick a ƙarƙashin Dokar Makarantun Parish ta 1858, babu wani kulawa da ya rage daga hukumar ilimi ta tsakiya, kuma a aikace kowace makaranta tana gudanar da ita ne kawai da kanta ta hannun kwamitin amintattu, kuma yawancin allunan makarantu suna ƙarƙashin rinjayen masu ra'ayin mazan jiya daga addini ɗaya ko wata. Littattafan karatu ba a daidaita su ba; yankunan da 'yan Furotesta suka fi rinjaye sun yi amfani da littattafan [[Makarantar kasa (Ireland)|Makarantun Ƙasa na Irish]] yayin da yankunan Katolika masu magana da Turanci suka yi amfani da littattafan ' Yan'uwan Kiristoci na Irish . Ƙananan makarantun Acadian sun yi amfani da littattafan harshen Faransanci daga Kanada ta Gabas (Ƙasar Kanada). === Yarjejeniyar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Gwiwa === [[Fayil:Sir_George-Etienne_Cartier.jpg|thumb| George-Etienne Cartier, ɗaya daga cikin Ubannin Ƙungiyar, kuma mai fafutukar kare makarantun Katolika a Quebec]] [[Fayil:Sir_Alexander_Galt_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Alexander Galt, wani Uba na Ƙungiyar Tarayya, wanda ya yi fafutukar samar da makarantun Furotesta ga tsirarun masu magana da Ingilishi a Quebec.]] [[Fayil:George_Brown.jpg|thumb| George Brown, Uba na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Kwaminisanci daga Ontario, wanda ya ƙi amincewa da makarantu daban-daban gaba ɗaya]] [[Fayil:JaMAC_140x190.jpg|thumb| John A. Macdonald, wani Uba na Ƙungiyar Tarayya, wanda ta wata hanya dole ne ya haɗa komai wuri ɗaya.]] Rike allunan makarantu daban-daban tare da tallafin gwamnati babban batu ne da ya jawo ce-ce-ku-ce a tattaunawar da ta haifar da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Kanada, musamman sakamakon rikicin ƙabilanci da addini tsakanin al'ummar Katolika ta Roman Katolika a Kanada (mafi yawancinsu masu jin Faransanci) da kuma mafi yawan [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] . Wannan batu ya kasance batun muhawara a taron Quebec na 1864 kuma a ƙarshe an warware shi a taron London na 1866 tare da shawarar kiyaye tsarin makarantu daban-daban a [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]] da Ontario . Yadda aka rubuta wannan yarjejeniya a cikin Dokar Arewacin Amurka ta Birtaniya, 1867, ya nuna cewa yanayin ilimi a kowace masarauta ko yanki a lokacin da ta shiga Tarayyar za a ci gaba da shi daga baya. Saboda haka, lardunan [[British Columbia]], New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, da Prince Edward Island ba su taɓa samun tsarin ilimi wanda ya haɗa da "makarantu daban-daban" ba. Waɗannan haƙƙoƙin da aka riga aka mallaka na makarantun addini marasa rinjaye waɗanda ke karɓar haraji a lokacin sun kasance wani ɓangare na tattaunawar kundin tsarin mulki da ta shafi Tarayyar Kanada a shekarun 1860. A taron Landan na shekarar 1866, Bishop Connolly na Halifax na Roman Katolika ya yi kira ga wakilan su raba tsarin makarantun Katolika da Furotesta a fadin tarayyar, wanda gwamnatin tsakiya ke gudanarwa. Wakilan Kanada 'yan ƙasar Faransa daga Kanada ta Gabas sun yi watsi da wannan da ƙarfi, waɗanda suka buƙaci a ba da iko kan ilimi a larduna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Peter M. Toner, "The New Brunswick Schools Question" |url=http://www.cchahistory.ca/journal/CCHA1970/Toner.html}}</ref> An yi sulhun ne a sashe na 93 na ''Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1867'' wanda ya ba gwamnatin tarayya damar shiga tsakani kawai don kare makarantun tsiraru da aka kafa bayan Tarayyar. Baya ga wannan gargaɗin, sashe na 93 ya tanadar da cewa ilimi batu ne na ikon lardin da ke da ikon yinsa. == Larduna da yankuna masu makarantu daban-daban == Tsarin da ya dace da Ontario shine sashi na 93(1) na ''Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1867'' kamar yadda aka fara aiwatarwa. Ga Alberta da Saskatchewan, tanadin da ya dace shine sashi na 93(1), kamar yadda aka gyara ta ''Dokar Alberta'' da ''Dokar Saskatchewan'', bi da bi. Kamar yadda Kotun Koli ta Kanada ta yanke hukunci a shari'ar ''Adler da Ontario'', ikon ilimi na lardi a ƙarƙashin sashe na 93 na ''Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1867'' cikakken iko ne, kuma ba a fuskantar harin ''Yarjejeniya'' ba. Kamar yadda Iacobucci J. ya lura, sakamakon sulhu ne na tarihi mai mahimmanci ga Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai kuma yana samar da cikakken tsari game da haƙƙin makarantun ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ba za a iya faɗaɗa su ta hanyar aiwatar da sashi na 2(a) na ''Yarjejeniyar'' ba. Ba ya wakiltar garantin ' [[Hakki na asali|yanci na asali]] . === Ontario === Allon makarantu da lardin ke daukar nauyinsu sun kunshi allunan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Ingilishi guda 29 da kuma allunan Katolika na Faransa guda 8, da kuma allunan makarantun gwamnati guda 35 wadanda ba na addini ba (31 na jama'a na Ingilishi, 4 na jama'a na Faransa). Akwai wata hukuma ta [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] daban a Ontario, Makarantar Burkevale Protestant Raba, wadda Hukumar Makarantun Furotesta ta Penetanguishene ke gudanarwa. A Ontario, an yanke wannan hukunci a ko'ina cikin lardin a lokacin da aka kafa Tarayyar. Tsarin makarantun gwamnati a lardin ya kasance na Furotesta a tarihi amma a hankali aka mayar da shi tsarin gwamnati na addini. An hana yin addu'a a makarantun gwamnati a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 ta hanyar hukuncin Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Ontario. Tun daga ƙarni na 19, an samar da kuɗaɗen tsarin makarantu daban-daban na Roman Katolika har zuwa aji na 10 a ƙarƙashin Dokar Burtaniya ta Arewacin Amurka (BNA) . A shekarar 1984, gwamnatin Firayim Minista William Davis ta ba da cikakken kuɗin shiga ga shekaru uku na ƙarshe (azuzuwan 11-13 ( OAC )) na makarantun sakandare na Roman Katolika bayan ta ƙi wannan shawarar shekaru goma sha biyar da suka gabata. Shekarar farko ta ilimi da aka biya kuɗi ta faru ne a shekarar 1985–86, a matsayin aji na 11, kuma an ƙara aji ɗaya a kowace shekara biyu da suka biyo baya. Ana ci gaba da tabbatar wa Katolika na Roman Katolika a Ontario haƙƙin samun tsarin makarantu daban-daban da gwamnati ke ba da kuɗaɗen gudanarwa ga gwamnati bisa ga sashe na 93 na ''Dokar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, 1867.'' Jam'iyyar Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario ta tabo batun bai wa sauran makarantun addini tallafin kuɗi a zaɓen gama gari na Ontario na 2007 ; duk da haka sun sha kaye a zaɓen kuma ba a sake tayar da batun a zaɓen da ya biyo baya ba. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1k5p6cwpptdpnwj5mjtnu1a2q3s0kx9 0 162311 887758 2026-07-26T15:03:43Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1308019177|The Anderson School PS 334]]" 887758 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantar Anderson PS 334''' makaranta ce [[New York (birni)|ta birnin New York]] ga yara 'yan aji shida zuwa takwas daga gundumomi biyar na birnin. An kafa ta shekaru thirty-eight da suka gabata (Satumba 1987) a matsayin Shirin Anderson a ƙarƙashin kulawar PS 9. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Birnin New York (DOE) ta kafa Anderson a watan Yulin 2005 a matsayin makaranta mai zaman kanta — PS 334. == Yin rijista == Dalibai 535 ne suka yi rajista a shekarar makaranta ta 2018–19 a Anderson. Tun lokacin da aka fara karatu, Anderson yana da sassa biyu (azuzuwan) a kowane aji. == Sunayen makaranta == '''Makarantar Anderson (PS 334)''' ta gaji sunansa daga tsohuwar makarantar da ta haifa, Makarantar Sarah Anderson, wata makarantar [[Yankin da aka kama shi|kula da yara]] ta unguwa mai suna K-5 wadda ke ba da shirye-shirye guda biyu: Renaissance da kuma [[Ilimi mai baiwa|Gifted and Hazaka]] . Har sai da PS 334 ta koma 100 West 77th Street a watan Yulin 2009, makarantun biyu sun yi amfani da gini ɗaya a lamba 100 West 84th Street. '''Sarah Anderson''' (1922–1981) ƙwararren mai taimaka wa yara ne a makaranta. Al'ummar makarantar sun nemi Hukumar Ilimi ta sake suna ga PS 9 domin girmama ta. An fara bikin tunawa da ita a watan Mayun 1981. Ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, ita ce uwar 'ya'ya uku: Clarence "Pete" Anderson (1938 kuma yana zaune a Gabashin New York, Brooklyn ), Ronald ("Ronnie") Dean Anderson (an haife shi a 1939 Griffin GA - 2001 Griffin), da Thomas Anderson. An binne Sarah Anderson a Makabartar Cocin Mount Pleasant Baptist, Griffin, GA. Laƙabinta na musamman ga waɗanda ke kusa da ita shine "Peggy." Surukarta (matar Clarence), Earnestine Anderson, ita ma ta yi aiki tare da Sarah a matsayin mai ba da shawara a PS 9. Earnestine yana zaune a Griffin. A shekarar 1993, a ƙarƙashin Shugabar Makarantar Joan Gutkin, PhD (1936–1997), PS 9 (wadda a lokacin makarantar da aka ba wa shirin Anderson) ta sami kuɗaɗen makarantar magnet don kiɗa da fasaha kuma daga baya ta karɓi sunan, "Makarantar Kiɗa da Fasaha ta Renaissance." Tun daga lokacin, PS 9 ta yi amfani da sunayen biyu. == Shuka ta zahiri == * Satumba 1987 - Yuli 2009, Anderson ta raba wani gini da makarantar iyaye ta PS 9, Makarantar Sarah Anderson, a lamba 100 W 84th Street. * Yuli 2009 – A halin yanzu, Anderson ya koma wani gini da ya ɗan tsufa da tubalan shida da ke kudu a 100 W 77th Street, da farko, inda ya raba shi da (i) Makarantar Kwamfuta, (ii) Makarantar Sakandare ta JHS 44 O'Shea (makarantar sakandare ta gundumar), da (iii) Makarantar Tsara Tsara ta West Prep (makarantar sakandare ta gundumar). A farkon shekarar makaranta ta 2010–11, PS 452, sabuwar makarantar firamare ta unguwa (sassan 3 a kowane aji), ta ƙaura zuwa ginin. Yuli 2011 An dakatar da Makarantar Sakandare ta JHS 44 O'Shea kuma Makarantar Koyar da Fasaha ta West Prep ta koma ginin PS 145 da ke lamba 150 West 105 Street. A watan Yulin 2017, PS 452 ta koma lamba 210 West 61st street kuma Makarantar Tsakiya ta Dual Language ta koma wurin da aka bar a hawa na biyu na O'Shea Complex. == Lambobin yabo da nasarori. == * A gasar cin kofin kasa ta makarantun tsakiya ta 2023 da aka gudanar a [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], (wanda kuma aka sani da NAQT MSNCT), kungiyar Anderson A ta yi kunnen doki da maki 5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NAQT {{!}} 2023 Middle School National Championship Tournament {{!}} Team Standings |url=https://www.naqt.com/stats/tournament/standings.jsp?tournament_id=13400 |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=www.naqt.com |language=en}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin makarantun firamare na gwamnati a birnin New York * Jerin makarantun sakandare a birnin New York == Manazarta to == tbzm9iem2pnrpwdr2xq3cffkjbfx0to 887759 887758 2026-07-26T15:04:03Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Anderson PS 334''' makaranta ce [[New York (birni)|ta birnin New York]] ga yara 'yan aji shida zuwa takwas daga gundumomi biyar na birnin. An kafa ta shekaru thirty-eight da suka gabata (Satumba 1987) a matsayin Shirin Anderson a ƙarƙashin kulawar PS 9. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Birnin New York (DOE) ta kafa Anderson a watan Yulin 2005 a matsayin makaranta mai zaman kanta — PS 334. == Yin rijista == Dalibai 535 ne suka yi rajista a shekarar makaranta ta 2018–19 a Anderson. Tun lokacin da aka fara karatu, Anderson yana da sassa biyu (azuzuwan) a kowane aji. == Sunayen makaranta == '''Makarantar Anderson (PS 334)''' ta gaji sunansa daga tsohuwar makarantar da ta haifa, Makarantar Sarah Anderson, wata makarantar [[Yankin da aka kama shi|kula da yara]] ta unguwa mai suna K-5 wadda ke ba da shirye-shirye guda biyu: Renaissance da kuma [[Ilimi mai baiwa|Gifted and Hazaka]] . Har sai da PS 334 ta koma 100 West 77th Street a watan Yulin 2009, makarantun biyu sun yi amfani da gini ɗaya a lamba 100 West 84th Street. '''Sarah Anderson''' (1922–1981) ƙwararren mai taimaka wa yara ne a makaranta. Al'ummar makarantar sun nemi Hukumar Ilimi ta sake suna ga PS 9 domin girmama ta. An fara bikin tunawa da ita a watan Mayun 1981. Ba ta taɓa yin aure ba, ita ce uwar 'ya'ya uku: Clarence "Pete" Anderson (1938 kuma yana zaune a Gabashin New York, Brooklyn ), Ronald ("Ronnie") Dean Anderson (an haife shi a 1939 Griffin GA - 2001 Griffin), da Thomas Anderson. An binne Sarah Anderson a Makabartar Cocin Mount Pleasant Baptist, Griffin, GA. Laƙabinta na musamman ga waɗanda ke kusa da ita shine "Peggy." Surukarta (matar Clarence), Earnestine Anderson, ita ma ta yi aiki tare da Sarah a matsayin mai ba da shawara a PS 9. Earnestine yana zaune a Griffin. A shekarar 1993, a ƙarƙashin Shugabar Makarantar Joan Gutkin, PhD (1936–1997), PS 9 (wadda a lokacin makarantar da aka ba wa shirin Anderson) ta sami kuɗaɗen makarantar magnet don kiɗa da fasaha kuma daga baya ta karɓi sunan, "Makarantar Kiɗa da Fasaha ta Renaissance." Tun daga lokacin, PS 9 ta yi amfani da sunayen biyu. == Shuka ta zahiri == * Satumba 1987 - Yuli 2009, Anderson ta raba wani gini da makarantar iyaye ta PS 9, Makarantar Sarah Anderson, a lamba 100 W 84th Street. * Yuli 2009 – A halin yanzu, Anderson ya koma wani gini da ya ɗan tsufa da tubalan shida da ke kudu a 100 W 77th Street, da farko, inda ya raba shi da (i) Makarantar Kwamfuta, (ii) Makarantar Sakandare ta JHS 44 O'Shea (makarantar sakandare ta gundumar), da (iii) Makarantar Tsara Tsara ta West Prep (makarantar sakandare ta gundumar). A farkon shekarar makaranta ta 2010–11, PS 452, sabuwar makarantar firamare ta unguwa (sassan 3 a kowane aji), ta ƙaura zuwa ginin. Yuli 2011 An dakatar da Makarantar Sakandare ta JHS 44 O'Shea kuma Makarantar Koyar da Fasaha ta West Prep ta koma ginin PS 145 da ke lamba 150 West 105 Street. A watan Yulin 2017, PS 452 ta koma lamba 210 West 61st street kuma Makarantar Tsakiya ta Dual Language ta koma wurin da aka bar a hawa na biyu na O'Shea Complex. == Lambobin yabo da nasarori. == * A gasar cin kofin kasa ta makarantun tsakiya ta 2023 da aka gudanar a [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], (wanda kuma aka sani da NAQT MSNCT), kungiyar Anderson A ta yi kunnen doki da maki 5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NAQT {{!}} 2023 Middle School National Championship Tournament {{!}} Team Standings |url=https://www.naqt.com/stats/tournament/standings.jsp?tournament_id=13400 |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=www.naqt.com |language=en}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin makarantun firamare na gwamnati a birnin New York * Jerin makarantun sakandare a birnin New York == Manazarta to == ttuf9mmdewmmp567we3fo3bjj72tzoz 0 162312 887760 2026-07-26T15:07:33Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359189908|Brooklyn Free School]]" 887760 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Makarantar Kyauta ta Brooklyn''' makaranta ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta da maki, kuma [[Ilimi na dimokuradiyya|mai zaman kanta ta dimokuradiyya]] a Brooklyn, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2004. Ɗalibai suna tsakanin shekaru 4 zuwa 18. Makarantar tana bin falsafar da ba ta tilastawa ba ta makarantun [[Yunkurin makarantar kyauta|motsa jiki na makarantu kyauta na]] shekarun 1960/70, wanda ke ƙarfafa koyo da kai da kuma kare 'yancin yara na yin aiki. Babu maki, babu jarrabawa, babu aikin gida, kuma azuzuwan ba dole ba ne. A shekarar 2015, makarantar ta ɗauki ɗalibai 80 kuma tana da kimanin ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun digiri 24. Makarantar ita ce makaranta ta farko kyauta a birnin New York tun shekarar 1975. Ya fara ne a wani ɓangare na hayar cocin Methodist na Park Slope, sannan ya koma wani dutse mai launin ruwan kasa a Fort Greene, sannan ya zauna a ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Brooklyn, kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya koma wani wuri mai suna "Major Owens Center" sannan ya koma [[Restoration Plaza]], a kan titin Fulton. Dalibai suna shiga cikin tsara azuzuwan da kuma shugabancin makarantar, wanda ake yi a taron Democrat na mako-mako. Ma'aikata da ɗalibai duk suna da ƙuri'u iri ɗaya. Ana ba da kuɗin makarantar ta hanyar koyarwa mai zurfi, tallafi, da gudummawa. A shekarar 2012, Lucas Kavner na ''jaridar The Huffington Post'' ya kira Makarantar 'Yanci ta Brooklyn "wani abu da za a iya cewa cibiyar ilimi mafi tsauri a New York ce". == Tarihi == An kafa Makarantar Kyauta ta Brooklyn a shekarar 2004 a Park Slope, Brooklyn, kuma ta fara zaman karatunta na farko daga baya a wannan shekarar. Daraktan makarantar, Alan Berger, ya kasance mataimakin shugaban makaranta a wata makarantar sakandare ta Manhattan kafin ya tafi ya sami makarantar madadin. Ya karanta game da wata makaranta kyauta a Woodstock, New York, kuma an "kama shi ... har zuwa ƙarshe". Berger ya buga ra'ayinsa na makarantar a cikin fitowar watan Oktoba na 2003 ta jaridar Park Slope Food Co-op. Kimanin mutane 170 ne suka nuna sha'awa, kuma wata ƙungiya ta gudanar da zaman tsare-tsare sau biyu a mako har sai da aka buɗe makarantar a bene na biyu na ƙasa na Cocin Methodist na 16th Street Brooklyn a shekara ta 2004. Ajin farko ɗalibai talatin ne tare da malamai uku. Ita ce makaranta ta farko kyauta a birnin New York tun lokacin da aka rufe makarantar Park Slope Makarantar Fifteenth Street a shekarar 1975. Zuwa watan Nuwamba na 2012, makarantar ta koma wani dutse mai hawa huɗu a Fort Greene . Makarantar tana da ɗalibai 42 kafin Nuwamba 2006, 60 kafin 2012, da 80 kafin 2015. Tun daga shekarar 2015, Lily Mercogliano ita ce daraktar makarantar. An dakatar da makarantar tun watan Yunin 2024, saboda matsalar kuɗi. Makarantar a halin yanzu ta dakatar saboda matsalolin kuɗi. A watan Satumba na 2024, an sake buɗe [[FreeBrook Academy]], kuma an ƙaura da dukkan ɗaliban da suka kai shekaru 9 zuwa sama, ban da da yawa, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa wata makaranta daban. == Shirin == Makarantar tana aiki ne a ƙarƙashin falsafar "ba ta tilastawa ba" inda ake ƙarfafa ɗalibai su haɓaka sha'awarsu kuma inda duk wani koyo yake da ikon kai. Saboda haka, Makarantar Kyauta ta Brooklyn ba ta da maki, babu jarrabawa, kuma babu azuzuwan tilas ko aikin gida. Dalibai suna da 'yancin gudanar da ayyukan da suke sha'awa, kamar karatu su kaɗai ko ɗaukar darasi. Dalibai suna da 'yancin barin aji yadda suke so. Darussan sun haɗa da tarurrukan nazarin falsafa, ɗanɗanon cuku, tattaunawar littattafai, kasuwanci, ilmin taurari, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, daukar hoto na bidiyo, da Tibet. Wasu azuzuwan masu sa kai ne ke koyarwa. A bisa doka, ana buƙatar ɗalibai su halarci makarantar na tsawon awanni 5.5 a rana. Shugaban makaranta Alan Berger ya yi iƙirarin cewa makarantar tana ba da ilimi wanda ya dace da zamanin Intanet, a matsayin wani sabon ilimi na asali, mai hazaka, kuma mai sauƙin fahimta yayin da tattalin arziki ke sauyawa. Makarantar 'Yanci ta Brooklyn tana gudanar da taron Democrat na mako-mako, wanda dole ne a yi a safiyar Laraba. Taron yana gudanar da makarantar, kuma ɗalibai da malamai suna da ƙuri'u iri ɗaya. Ba a buƙatar ɗalibai su kula da kansu ba. Batutuwan da ake tattaunawa sun kama daga korafe-korafen ladabtarwa zuwa shiga jami'a zuwa amfani da kwamfuta. Ana zaɓar kujera ta taro a farkon taron kuma ana buɗe wurin taron don gabatar da shawarwari. Duk wanda ke son tattauna batun makaranta zai iya kiran tarurrukan makaranta. Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, makarantar tana da ɗalibai kusan 80, waɗanda kusan rabinsu 'yan Afirka-Amurka ne ko kuma Latino. Makarantar ta kasu kashi biyu zuwa manyan makarantu da ƙananan makarantu, na farko shekaru 11 zuwa 18, na biyu kuma shekaru 4 zuwa 11, duk da cewa ba a raba su ta jiki da shekaru ba. Yara suna neman shiga da kuma ziyara don yin gabatarwa ta kwana biyar. Ana karɓar ɗalibai ta hanyar ƙuri'ar amincewa da kwamitin shiga makaranta, iyaye, da ɗalibai. Da farko ƙungiyar za ta tantance ko iyayen masu neman shiga makarantar sun goyi bayan shawarar da suka yanke na halartar makarantar da kuma ko makarantar za ta iya biyan buƙatun ɗaliban. Makarantar tana da jerin masu jira. Ana ba da kuɗin makarantar ta hanyar kuɗin makaranta, tallafi, da gudummawa. Yawancin ɗaliban sun fito ne daga iyalai masu matsakaicin matsayi daga Brooklyn. Makarantar mai zaman kanta tana da kuɗin koyarwa mai rahusa, kuma ƙasa da rabin kuɗin koyarwa cikakke ne. Daraktan farko Alan Berger ya ce kashi 20 cikin 100 sun biya cikakken kuɗin makaranta a shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2015, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku sun biya ƙasa da dala $500 a matsayin kuɗin makaranta, wani kuma bisa uku sun biya rabin kuɗin makaranta. An saita cikakken kuɗin karatun sikelin zamiya akan $22,000. Makarantar ta yaye ɗalibai 21 a shekarar 2012, da kuma 24 a shekarar 2015. Dalibai suna tattara takardun karatunsu kuma suna zaɓen kansu don kammala karatun. Wasu suna yin jarabawar shiga jami'a da jiha bisa ka'ida . Yawancin waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu a Makarantar Kyauta ta Brooklyn sun ci gaba da karatunsu. == Liyafar maraba == Lucas Kavner na ''jaridar The Huffington Post'' ya rubuta a shekarar 2012 cewa makarantar ta zama abin koyi ga [[Makarantar Dimokuradiyya|makarantu masu zaman kansu da dimokuradiyya]] wadanda ke kan gaba wajen sake sha'awar [[Yunkurin makarantar kyauta|harkar makarantar kyauta]] ta shekarun 1960/70. Ya ƙara da cewa masu suka suna jayayya cewa yanayin makarantar ba ya shirya ɗalibai don rayuwa ta gaske, kuma ɗaliban da suka fito daga iyalan da ba za su iya ɗaukar malamai ba za su sha wahala sosai. Makarantar ta zaburar da Makarantar Kyauta ta Manhattan (wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2008), kuma, daga baya, ta sami kwarin gwiwa daga Makarantar Kyauta ta Albany (wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1969). Kavner ya kira Makarantar 'Yanci ta Brooklyn "wani abu da za a iya cewa cibiyar ilimi mafi tsauri a New York ce". Wani labari a ''[[New York Times|jaridar The New York Times]]'' a shekarar 2006 ya rubuta cewa iyaye sun ɗauki malaman makaranta daga waje domin damuwa da shirye-shiryen makarantar. Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ɗaliban farko sun tafi a cikin shekarar karatu ta 2004, kamar yadda malaman farko suka yi. == Manazarta == 3p5l83ju07kmjss1go5el6jbn0399qc 0 162313 887766 2026-07-26T15:39:56Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362054599|Rony Lopes]]" 887766 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcos Paulo Mesquita''' " '''Rony''' " '''Lopes''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na dama]] . An haife shi a Brazil, ya wakilci Portugal a ƙasashen duniya. == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a [[Belém]], [[Pará]], Brazil ga uba ɗan ƙasar Brazil kuma uwa 'yar ƙasar Portugal, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Azevedo |first=Afonso |date=8 September 2016 |title=Entre Brasil e Portugal, enquanto brilha em França |trans-title=Between Brazil and Portugal, while he shines in France |url=http://blog.bet.pt/rony-lopes/ |access-date=5 August 2017 |publisher=Bet.pt |language=pt}}</ref> Lopes ya ƙaura zuwa Portugal yana ɗan shekara huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=Ronny Lopes, 16 (Manchester City) |url=https://olheiro-pt.blogspot.com/2012/03/ronny-lopes-16-manchester-city.html |access-date=29 April 2013 |publisher=Olheiro |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomé |first=Bruno |date=15 February 2014 |title=Bloco de notas: Os jovens talentos que estão a fugir de Portugal |trans-title=Notebook: The young talents that are fleeing Portugal |url=http://www.futebol365.pt/artigo/107966-bloco-de-notas-os-jovens-talentos-que-estao-a-fugir-de-portugal/ |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Futebol 365 |language=pt}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Manchester City === Lopes ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Benfica daga shekaru 10 zuwa 15, inda ya sanya hannu a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a 2011. <ref> {{Cite web |date=11 July 2011 |title=Rony confirmado no Manchester City |trans-title=Rony confirmed at Manchester City |url=http://www.espbr.com/noticias/rony-confirmado-no-manchester-city |access-date=5 January 2013 |publisher=ESPBR |language=pt}}</ref> Ya kasance wani abin mamaki da ya ƙara wa ƙungiyar farko a shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa a shekara mai zuwa, amma sai da ya jira har zuwa 7 ga Janairu 2013 kafin ya fara buga wasa a gasar, lokacin da ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin David Silva a minti na 88 a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Watford kuma ya zura ƙwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da suka ci 3-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan ƙaramin ɗan wasa da ya taɓa zura ƙwallo a ƙungiyar yana da shekaru 17 da kwana 9. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2013 |title=Marcos makes his mark |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2013/January/Lopes-crowned-king |access-date=7 January 2013 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Lopes ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar ci gaban Elite ta City a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, kuma ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta farko ta Academy bayan ya lashe zaɓen jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |date=8 April 2015 |title=What role will Marcos Lopes play for Manchester City in 2015/16 season? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2423629-what-role-will-marcos-lopes-play-for-manchester-city-in-201516-season |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> An saka shi cikin ƙungiyar da ta buga wasan farko na gasar UEFA Youth League, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Viktoria Plzeň da ci 4-1. Ya ƙara kwallaye uku a wasan da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] ta doke su da ci 6-0 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=Lopes scores three as City put six past Bayern |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefayouthleague/news/0253-0d040be75fea-9fcfb84343c7-1000--lopes-scores-three-as-city-put-six-past-bayern/ |access-date=21 September 2020 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] qo57y1msdt0wkggv2zlqcklj1gt2jiq 887768 887766 2026-07-26T15:41:07Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362054599|Rony Lopes]]" 887768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcos Paulo Mesquita''' " '''Rony''' " '''Lopes''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na dama]] . An haife shi a Brazil, ya wakilci Portugal a ƙasashen duniya. == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a [[Belém]], [[Pará]], Brazil ga uba ɗan ƙasar Brazil kuma uwa 'yar ƙasar Portugal, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Azevedo |first=Afonso |date=8 September 2016 |title=Entre Brasil e Portugal, enquanto brilha em França |trans-title=Between Brazil and Portugal, while he shines in France |url=http://blog.bet.pt/rony-lopes/ |access-date=5 August 2017 |publisher=Bet.pt |language=pt}}</ref> Lopes ya ƙaura zuwa Portugal yana ɗan shekara huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=Ronny Lopes, 16 (Manchester City) |url=https://olheiro-pt.blogspot.com/2012/03/ronny-lopes-16-manchester-city.html |access-date=29 April 2013 |publisher=Olheiro |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomé |first=Bruno |date=15 February 2014 |title=Bloco de notas: Os jovens talentos que estão a fugir de Portugal |trans-title=Notebook: The young talents that are fleeing Portugal |url=http://www.futebol365.pt/artigo/107966-bloco-de-notas-os-jovens-talentos-que-estao-a-fugir-de-portugal/ |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Futebol 365 |language=pt}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Manchester City === Lopes ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Benfica daga shekaru 10 zuwa 15, inda ya sanya hannu a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a 2011. <ref> {{Cite web |date=11 July 2011 |title=Rony confirmado no Manchester City |trans-title=Rony confirmed at Manchester City |url=http://www.espbr.com/noticias/rony-confirmado-no-manchester-city |access-date=5 January 2013 |publisher=ESPBR |language=pt}}</ref> Ya kasance wani abin mamaki da ya ƙara wa ƙungiyar farko a shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa a shekara mai zuwa, amma sai da ya jira har zuwa 7 ga Janairu 2013 kafin ya fara buga wasa a gasar, lokacin da ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin David Silva a minti na 88 a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Watford kuma ya zura ƙwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da suka ci 3-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan ƙaramin ɗan wasa da ya taɓa zura ƙwallo a ƙungiyar yana da shekaru 17 da kwana 9. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2013 |title=Marcos makes his mark |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2013/January/Lopes-crowned-king |access-date=7 January 2013 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Lopes ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar ci gaban Elite ta City a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, kuma ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta farko ta Academy bayan ya lashe zaɓen jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |date=8 April 2015 |title=What role will Marcos Lopes play for Manchester City in 2015/16 season? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2423629-what-role-will-marcos-lopes-play-for-manchester-city-in-201516-season |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> An saka shi cikin ƙungiyar da ta buga wasan farko na gasar UEFA Youth League, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Viktoria Plzeň da ci 4-1. Ya ƙara kwallaye uku a wasan da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] ta doke su da ci 6-0 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=Lopes scores three as City put six past Bayern |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefayouthleague/news/0253-0d040be75fea-9fcfb84343c7-1000--lopes-scores-three-as-city-put-six-past-bayern/ |access-date=21 September 2020 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2014, Lopes ya fara wasa da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin Zakarun Turai . A wasan, ya taimaka wa Sergio Agüero da Álvaro Negredo su ci kwallo kowannensu, a wasan da suka ci 3-0 a waje (9-0 a jimilla). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=21 January 2014 |title=West Ham United 0–3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25723655 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yulin 2014, an ba da Lopes aro ga Lille har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2014 |title=Transfer news: Manchester City midfielder Marcos Lopes joins Lille on loan |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11679/9374865/transfer-news-manchester-city-midfielder-marcos-lopes-joins-lille-on-loan |access-date=22 July 2014 |publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Wasansa na farko a [[Ligue 1|gasar Ligue 1]] ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a gida da Metz . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2014 |title=French Ligue 1 report: Goalless between Lille and Metz |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/311908/report |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 14 ga Satumba, a wasan da suka doke Nantes da ci 2-0 a filin wasa na Stade Pierre-Mauroy . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Origi inspires Lille to top of the table |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/origi-inspires-lille-to-top-of-the-table.htm |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=[[Ligue 1]]}}</ref> An saka Lopes a cikin tawagar City don rangadin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa a Ostiraliya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2015 |title=Official tour 2015 squad list |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Tour-2015/2015/Official-Manchester-City-Tour-2015-squad-list/1436520345 |access-date=10 July 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa ƙungiyar farko tare da Jason Denayer da [[Kelechi Iheanacho]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2015 |title=.@Jasondenayer, @Rony10Lopes & @67Kelechi on stage now. Three academy graduates promoted to the first team. #citylive |url=https://twitter.com/MCFC/status/629006017259544576 |access-date=7 August 2015 |publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> === Monaco === A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2015, Lopes ya koma ƙungiyar [[Ligue 1]] ta Monaco kan kuɗi fam miliyan 9, <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2015 |title=Lopes joins Monaco |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2015/August/Marcos-Lopes-joins-Monaco/1440517269 |access-date=28 August 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> ya raba ƙungiyoyi da ɗimbin 'yan ƙasarsa ciki har da manaja Leonardo Jardim . A farkon watan Janairun 2016, an sake ba shi aro ga Lille har zuwa watan Yuni. A watan Yulin 2016, wanda har yanzu mallakar Monaco ne, Lopes ya sake rattaba hannu a Lille na tsawon kakar wasa daya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2016 |title=LOSC: Rony Lopes reste à Lille une saison de plus |trans-title=LOSC: Rony Lopes remains at Lille for another season |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/losc-rony-lopes-reste-lille-une-saison-de-plus-1044759.html |access-date=12 August 2016 |publisher=[[France 3]] |language=fr}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan farko na gasar, amma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Metz da ci 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2016 |title=Le LOSC s'écroule à Metz |trans-title=LOSC collapse at Metz |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/nord/lille/ligue-1-le-losc-s-ecroule-metz-1065455.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |publisher=France 3 |language=fr}}</ref> Lopes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2017, lokacin da ya fara shan kashi a hannun Strasbourg a gida da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2017 |title=Falcao stars as Monaco sweep past Strasbourg |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/falcao-stars-as-monaco-sweep-past-strasbourg.htm |access-date=17 September 2017 |publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> Ya fara wasa a karon farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Beşiktaş]] a wasan rukuni . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] 40188j9d3p4sekxhnz3ebr5v9q2bq66 887769 887768 2026-07-26T15:42:00Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362054599|Rony Lopes]]" 887769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcos Paulo Mesquita''' " '''Rony''' " '''Lopes''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na dama]] . An haife shi a Brazil, ya wakilci Portugal a ƙasashen duniya. == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a [[Belém]], [[Pará]], Brazil ga uba ɗan ƙasar Brazil kuma uwa 'yar ƙasar Portugal, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Azevedo |first=Afonso |date=8 September 2016 |title=Entre Brasil e Portugal, enquanto brilha em França |trans-title=Between Brazil and Portugal, while he shines in France |url=http://blog.bet.pt/rony-lopes/ |access-date=5 August 2017 |publisher=Bet.pt |language=pt}}</ref> Lopes ya ƙaura zuwa Portugal yana ɗan shekara huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=Ronny Lopes, 16 (Manchester City) |url=https://olheiro-pt.blogspot.com/2012/03/ronny-lopes-16-manchester-city.html |access-date=29 April 2013 |publisher=Olheiro |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomé |first=Bruno |date=15 February 2014 |title=Bloco de notas: Os jovens talentos que estão a fugir de Portugal |trans-title=Notebook: The young talents that are fleeing Portugal |url=http://www.futebol365.pt/artigo/107966-bloco-de-notas-os-jovens-talentos-que-estao-a-fugir-de-portugal/ |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Futebol 365 |language=pt}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Manchester City === Lopes ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Benfica daga shekaru 10 zuwa 15, inda ya sanya hannu a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a 2011. <ref> {{Cite web |date=11 July 2011 |title=Rony confirmado no Manchester City |trans-title=Rony confirmed at Manchester City |url=http://www.espbr.com/noticias/rony-confirmado-no-manchester-city |access-date=5 January 2013 |publisher=ESPBR |language=pt}}</ref> Ya kasance wani abin mamaki da ya ƙara wa ƙungiyar farko a shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa a shekara mai zuwa, amma sai da ya jira har zuwa 7 ga Janairu 2013 kafin ya fara buga wasa a gasar, lokacin da ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin David Silva a minti na 88 a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Watford kuma ya zura ƙwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da suka ci 3-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan ƙaramin ɗan wasa da ya taɓa zura ƙwallo a ƙungiyar yana da shekaru 17 da kwana 9. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2013 |title=Marcos makes his mark |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2013/January/Lopes-crowned-king |access-date=7 January 2013 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Lopes ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar ci gaban Elite ta City a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, kuma ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta farko ta Academy bayan ya lashe zaɓen jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |date=8 April 2015 |title=What role will Marcos Lopes play for Manchester City in 2015/16 season? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2423629-what-role-will-marcos-lopes-play-for-manchester-city-in-201516-season |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> An saka shi cikin ƙungiyar da ta buga wasan farko na gasar UEFA Youth League, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Viktoria Plzeň da ci 4-1. Ya ƙara kwallaye uku a wasan da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] ta doke su da ci 6-0 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=Lopes scores three as City put six past Bayern |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefayouthleague/news/0253-0d040be75fea-9fcfb84343c7-1000--lopes-scores-three-as-city-put-six-past-bayern/ |access-date=21 September 2020 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2014, Lopes ya fara wasa da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin Zakarun Turai . A wasan, ya taimaka wa Sergio Agüero da Álvaro Negredo su ci kwallo kowannensu, a wasan da suka ci 3-0 a waje (9-0 a jimilla). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=21 January 2014 |title=West Ham United 0–3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25723655 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yulin 2014, an ba da Lopes aro ga Lille har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2014 |title=Transfer news: Manchester City midfielder Marcos Lopes joins Lille on loan |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11679/9374865/transfer-news-manchester-city-midfielder-marcos-lopes-joins-lille-on-loan |access-date=22 July 2014 |publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Wasansa na farko a [[Ligue 1|gasar Ligue 1]] ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a gida da Metz . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2014 |title=French Ligue 1 report: Goalless between Lille and Metz |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/311908/report |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 14 ga Satumba, a wasan da suka doke Nantes da ci 2-0 a filin wasa na Stade Pierre-Mauroy . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Origi inspires Lille to top of the table |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/origi-inspires-lille-to-top-of-the-table.htm |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=[[Ligue 1]]}}</ref> An saka Lopes a cikin tawagar City don rangadin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa a Ostiraliya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2015 |title=Official tour 2015 squad list |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Tour-2015/2015/Official-Manchester-City-Tour-2015-squad-list/1436520345 |access-date=10 July 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa ƙungiyar farko tare da Jason Denayer da [[Kelechi Iheanacho]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2015 |title=.@Jasondenayer, @Rony10Lopes & @67Kelechi on stage now. Three academy graduates promoted to the first team. #citylive |url=https://twitter.com/MCFC/status/629006017259544576 |access-date=7 August 2015 |publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> === Monaco === A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2015, Lopes ya koma ƙungiyar [[Ligue 1]] ta Monaco kan kuɗi fam miliyan 9, <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2015 |title=Lopes joins Monaco |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2015/August/Marcos-Lopes-joins-Monaco/1440517269 |access-date=28 August 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> ya raba ƙungiyoyi da ɗimbin 'yan ƙasarsa ciki har da manaja Leonardo Jardim . A farkon watan Janairun 2016, an sake ba shi aro ga Lille har zuwa watan Yuni. A watan Yulin 2016, wanda har yanzu mallakar Monaco ne, Lopes ya sake rattaba hannu a Lille na tsawon kakar wasa daya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2016 |title=LOSC: Rony Lopes reste à Lille une saison de plus |trans-title=LOSC: Rony Lopes remains at Lille for another season |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/losc-rony-lopes-reste-lille-une-saison-de-plus-1044759.html |access-date=12 August 2016 |publisher=[[France 3]] |language=fr}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan farko na gasar, amma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Metz da ci 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2016 |title=Le LOSC s'écroule à Metz |trans-title=LOSC collapse at Metz |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/nord/lille/ligue-1-le-losc-s-ecroule-metz-1065455.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |publisher=France 3 |language=fr}}</ref> Lopes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2017, lokacin da ya fara shan kashi a hannun Strasbourg a gida da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2017 |title=Falcao stars as Monaco sweep past Strasbourg |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/falcao-stars-as-monaco-sweep-past-strasbourg.htm |access-date=17 September 2017 |publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> Ya fara wasa a karon farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Beşiktaş]] a wasan rukuni . === Sevilla === A ranar 14 ga Agusta 2019, Lopes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar a [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] ta [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]] ta Spain, inda ya maye gurbin [[Wissam Ben Yedder]] . A kakarsa ta farko, ya buga wasanni 14 kacal a hukumance. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cáceres |first=Ignacio |date=12 July 2020 |title=Vieira quiere a Rony Lopes en su Niza |trans-title=Vieira wants Rony Lopes in his Nice |url=https://eldesmarque.com/sevilla/sevilla-futbol-club/1214153-vieira-quiere-a-rony-lopes-en-su-niza |access-date=30 July 2020 |publisher=El Desmarque |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Yuli 2020, Lopes ya koma Nice a kan yarjejeniyar aro ta kakar wasa mai zuwa tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2020 |title=Rony Lopes loaned to OGC Nice, with option to buy |url=https://www.ogcnice.com/en/news/40174/rony-lopes-loaned-to-ogc-nice-with-option-to-buy- |access-date=29 July 2020 |publisher=OGC Nice}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2021, a wani mataki makamancin haka, ya sanya hannu da Olympiacos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cholidis |first=Kostas |date=16 August 2021 |title=Ολυμπιακός: Προσγειώθηκε στην Αθήνα ο Ρόνι Λόπες |trans-title=Olympiacos: Rony Lopes landed in Athens |url=https://www.sport24.gr/football/olympiakos-prosgeiothike-stin-athina-o-roni-lopes.9324992.html |access-date=16 August 2021 |publisher=Sport 24 |language=el}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe a ranar 4 ga Disamba, a wasan da suka yi da OFI da ci 3-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Konstantopoulos |first=Vassilis |date=4 December 2021 |title=ΟΦΗ – Ολυμπιακός 1–3: Διπλό με… Σισέ-ντερ φορ! (vids) |trans-title=ΟFI – Οlympiacos 1–3: Brace for Cissé! (video) |url=https://www.novasports.gr/sport/podosfairo/event/super-league-1/article/12214123/ofi-olympiakos-1-3-diplo-me-sise-nter-for-vids/ |access-date=4 December 2021 |publisher=Nova Sports |language=el}}</ref> Lopes ya sake yin wani aro a kakar wasa ta 2022-23, a Troyes a babban rukunin Faransa. === Braga === A ranar 2 ga Agusta 2023, Lopes ya sanya hannu a kulob din Primeira Liga Braga kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da kuma canja wurin kyauta, wanda zai iya kaiwa €500,000 ya danganta da sharuddan da aka gindaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2023 |title=Rony Lopes É Gverreiro! |trans-title=Rony Lopes Is Gverreiro! |url=https://scbraga.pt/rony-lopes-e-gverreiro/ |access-date=2 August 2023 |publisher=S.C. Braga |language=pt}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 9 ga Satumba, inda ya bude wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Moreirense da ci 3-2 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Delgado |first=Evandro |date=9 September 2023 |title=Braga vence Moreirense com golo aos 90+6 e sobe ao 7.º lugar |trans-title=Braga beat Moreirense with 90+6 goal and climb to 7th place |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/primeira-liga/artigos/braga-vence-moreirense-em-jogo-com-duas-reviravoltas-e-sobe-ao-7-o-posto |access-date=21 April 2024 |publisher=[[SAPO (company)|SAPO]] |language=pt}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7mukffggjny692m3vpsgd168ds9yyq0 887771 887769 2026-07-26T15:42:57Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362054599|Rony Lopes]]" 887771 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcos Paulo Mesquita''' " '''Rony''' " '''Lopes''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na dama]] . An haife shi a Brazil, ya wakilci Portugal a ƙasashen duniya. == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a [[Belém]], [[Pará]], Brazil ga uba ɗan ƙasar Brazil kuma uwa 'yar ƙasar Portugal, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Azevedo |first=Afonso |date=8 September 2016 |title=Entre Brasil e Portugal, enquanto brilha em França |trans-title=Between Brazil and Portugal, while he shines in France |url=http://blog.bet.pt/rony-lopes/ |access-date=5 August 2017 |publisher=Bet.pt |language=pt}}</ref> Lopes ya ƙaura zuwa Portugal yana ɗan shekara huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=Ronny Lopes, 16 (Manchester City) |url=https://olheiro-pt.blogspot.com/2012/03/ronny-lopes-16-manchester-city.html |access-date=29 April 2013 |publisher=Olheiro |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomé |first=Bruno |date=15 February 2014 |title=Bloco de notas: Os jovens talentos que estão a fugir de Portugal |trans-title=Notebook: The young talents that are fleeing Portugal |url=http://www.futebol365.pt/artigo/107966-bloco-de-notas-os-jovens-talentos-que-estao-a-fugir-de-portugal/ |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Futebol 365 |language=pt}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Manchester City === Lopes ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Benfica daga shekaru 10 zuwa 15, inda ya sanya hannu a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a 2011. <ref> {{Cite web |date=11 July 2011 |title=Rony confirmado no Manchester City |trans-title=Rony confirmed at Manchester City |url=http://www.espbr.com/noticias/rony-confirmado-no-manchester-city |access-date=5 January 2013 |publisher=ESPBR |language=pt}}</ref> Ya kasance wani abin mamaki da ya ƙara wa ƙungiyar farko a shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa a shekara mai zuwa, amma sai da ya jira har zuwa 7 ga Janairu 2013 kafin ya fara buga wasa a gasar, lokacin da ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin David Silva a minti na 88 a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Watford kuma ya zura ƙwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da suka ci 3-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan ƙaramin ɗan wasa da ya taɓa zura ƙwallo a ƙungiyar yana da shekaru 17 da kwana 9. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2013 |title=Marcos makes his mark |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2013/January/Lopes-crowned-king |access-date=7 January 2013 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Lopes ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar ci gaban Elite ta City a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, kuma ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta farko ta Academy bayan ya lashe zaɓen jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |date=8 April 2015 |title=What role will Marcos Lopes play for Manchester City in 2015/16 season? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2423629-what-role-will-marcos-lopes-play-for-manchester-city-in-201516-season |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> An saka shi cikin ƙungiyar da ta buga wasan farko na gasar UEFA Youth League, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Viktoria Plzeň da ci 4-1. Ya ƙara kwallaye uku a wasan da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] ta doke su da ci 6-0 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=Lopes scores three as City put six past Bayern |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefayouthleague/news/0253-0d040be75fea-9fcfb84343c7-1000--lopes-scores-three-as-city-put-six-past-bayern/ |access-date=21 September 2020 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2014, Lopes ya fara wasa da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin Zakarun Turai . A wasan, ya taimaka wa Sergio Agüero da Álvaro Negredo su ci kwallo kowannensu, a wasan da suka ci 3-0 a waje (9-0 a jimilla). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=21 January 2014 |title=West Ham United 0–3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25723655 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yulin 2014, an ba da Lopes aro ga Lille har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2014 |title=Transfer news: Manchester City midfielder Marcos Lopes joins Lille on loan |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11679/9374865/transfer-news-manchester-city-midfielder-marcos-lopes-joins-lille-on-loan |access-date=22 July 2014 |publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Wasansa na farko a [[Ligue 1|gasar Ligue 1]] ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a gida da Metz . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2014 |title=French Ligue 1 report: Goalless between Lille and Metz |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/311908/report |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 14 ga Satumba, a wasan da suka doke Nantes da ci 2-0 a filin wasa na Stade Pierre-Mauroy . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Origi inspires Lille to top of the table |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/origi-inspires-lille-to-top-of-the-table.htm |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=[[Ligue 1]]}}</ref> An saka Lopes a cikin tawagar City don rangadin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa a Ostiraliya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2015 |title=Official tour 2015 squad list |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Tour-2015/2015/Official-Manchester-City-Tour-2015-squad-list/1436520345 |access-date=10 July 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa ƙungiyar farko tare da Jason Denayer da [[Kelechi Iheanacho]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2015 |title=.@Jasondenayer, @Rony10Lopes & @67Kelechi on stage now. Three academy graduates promoted to the first team. #citylive |url=https://twitter.com/MCFC/status/629006017259544576 |access-date=7 August 2015 |publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> === Monaco === A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2015, Lopes ya koma ƙungiyar [[Ligue 1]] ta Monaco kan kuɗi fam miliyan 9, <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2015 |title=Lopes joins Monaco |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2015/August/Marcos-Lopes-joins-Monaco/1440517269 |access-date=28 August 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> ya raba ƙungiyoyi da ɗimbin 'yan ƙasarsa ciki har da manaja Leonardo Jardim . A farkon watan Janairun 2016, an sake ba shi aro ga Lille har zuwa watan Yuni. A watan Yulin 2016, wanda har yanzu mallakar Monaco ne, Lopes ya sake rattaba hannu a Lille na tsawon kakar wasa daya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2016 |title=LOSC: Rony Lopes reste à Lille une saison de plus |trans-title=LOSC: Rony Lopes remains at Lille for another season |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/losc-rony-lopes-reste-lille-une-saison-de-plus-1044759.html |access-date=12 August 2016 |publisher=[[France 3]] |language=fr}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan farko na gasar, amma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Metz da ci 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2016 |title=Le LOSC s'écroule à Metz |trans-title=LOSC collapse at Metz |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/nord/lille/ligue-1-le-losc-s-ecroule-metz-1065455.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |publisher=France 3 |language=fr}}</ref> Lopes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2017, lokacin da ya fara shan kashi a hannun Strasbourg a gida da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2017 |title=Falcao stars as Monaco sweep past Strasbourg |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/falcao-stars-as-monaco-sweep-past-strasbourg.htm |access-date=17 September 2017 |publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> Ya fara wasa a karon farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Beşiktaş]] a wasan rukuni . === Sevilla === A ranar 14 ga Agusta 2019, Lopes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar a [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] ta [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]] ta Spain, inda ya maye gurbin [[Wissam Ben Yedder]] . A kakarsa ta farko, ya buga wasanni 14 kacal a hukumance. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cáceres |first=Ignacio |date=12 July 2020 |title=Vieira quiere a Rony Lopes en su Niza |trans-title=Vieira wants Rony Lopes in his Nice |url=https://eldesmarque.com/sevilla/sevilla-futbol-club/1214153-vieira-quiere-a-rony-lopes-en-su-niza |access-date=30 July 2020 |publisher=El Desmarque |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Yuli 2020, Lopes ya koma Nice a kan yarjejeniyar aro ta kakar wasa mai zuwa tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2020 |title=Rony Lopes loaned to OGC Nice, with option to buy |url=https://www.ogcnice.com/en/news/40174/rony-lopes-loaned-to-ogc-nice-with-option-to-buy- |access-date=29 July 2020 |publisher=OGC Nice}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2021, a wani mataki makamancin haka, ya sanya hannu da Olympiacos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cholidis |first=Kostas |date=16 August 2021 |title=Ολυμπιακός: Προσγειώθηκε στην Αθήνα ο Ρόνι Λόπες |trans-title=Olympiacos: Rony Lopes landed in Athens |url=https://www.sport24.gr/football/olympiakos-prosgeiothike-stin-athina-o-roni-lopes.9324992.html |access-date=16 August 2021 |publisher=Sport 24 |language=el}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe a ranar 4 ga Disamba, a wasan da suka yi da OFI da ci 3-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Konstantopoulos |first=Vassilis |date=4 December 2021 |title=ΟΦΗ – Ολυμπιακός 1–3: Διπλό με… Σισέ-ντερ φορ! (vids) |trans-title=ΟFI – Οlympiacos 1–3: Brace for Cissé! (video) |url=https://www.novasports.gr/sport/podosfairo/event/super-league-1/article/12214123/ofi-olympiakos-1-3-diplo-me-sise-nter-for-vids/ |access-date=4 December 2021 |publisher=Nova Sports |language=el}}</ref> Lopes ya sake yin wani aro a kakar wasa ta 2022-23, a Troyes a babban rukunin Faransa. === Braga === A ranar 2 ga Agusta 2023, Lopes ya sanya hannu a kulob din Primeira Liga Braga kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da kuma canja wurin kyauta, wanda zai iya kaiwa €500,000 ya danganta da sharuddan da aka gindaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2023 |title=Rony Lopes É Gverreiro! |trans-title=Rony Lopes Is Gverreiro! |url=https://scbraga.pt/rony-lopes-e-gverreiro/ |access-date=2 August 2023 |publisher=S.C. Braga |language=pt}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 9 ga Satumba, inda ya bude wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Moreirense da ci 3-2 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Delgado |first=Evandro |date=9 September 2023 |title=Braga vence Moreirense com golo aos 90+6 e sobe ao 7.º lugar |trans-title=Braga beat Moreirense with 90+6 goal and climb to 7th place |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/primeira-liga/artigos/braga-vence-moreirense-em-jogo-com-duas-reviravoltas-e-sobe-ao-7-o-posto |access-date=21 April 2024 |publisher=[[SAPO (company)|SAPO]] |language=pt}}</ref> === Daga baya aiki === A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2024, bayan ya yanke alaƙarsa da Braga, wanda har yanzu yana da haƙƙin samun kashi 10% na duk wani canja wuri na gaba, Lopes ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Alanyaspor na Turkish [[Süper Lig]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=OFICIAL: Rony Lopes deixa Sp. Braga e ruma à Turquia |trans-title=OFFICIAL: Rony Lopes leaves Sp. Braga and heads to Turkey |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/made-in/rony-lopes/oficial-rony-lopes-deixa-sp-braga-e-ruma-a-turquia |access-date=9 August 2025 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> A lokacin canja wurin 'yan wasa da ke tafe, ya koma Portugal a matsayin aro na watanni biyar a Farense . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2025 |title=OFICIAL: Farense anuncia contratação de Rony Lopes |trans-title=OFFICIAL: Farense announce signing of Rony Lopes |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/liga/farense/oficial-farense-anuncia-contratacao-de-rony-lopes |access-date=9 August 2025 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Lopes ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin manyan 'yan wasan Portugal a kakar wasa ta 2025–26, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da Tondela . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Lopes ya zaɓi wakiltar Portugal a ƙasashen duniya, <ref> {{Cite web |last=Teixeira |first=Nuno R. |date=27 August 2014 |title=Marcos Lopes quer representar Portugal no Mundial sub-20 (com fotos) |trans-title=Marcos Lopes wants to represent Portugal at the under-20 World Cup (with pictures) |url=https://relvado.sapo.pt/seleccao/galeria/marcos-lopes-quer-representar-portugal-no-mundial-sub-20-com-fotos-499106 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085110/http://relvado.sapo.pt/seleccao/galeria/marcos-lopes-quer-representar-portugal-no-mundial-sub-20-com-fotos-499106 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Relvado |language=pt}}</ref> ya lashe wasanni a kowane matakin matasa. Ya bayyana tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2015, inda ya buga dukkan wasannin da aka yi a [[New Zealand]] kuma ya taimaka wa ƙasarsa ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2015 |title=Brazil through as profligate Portugal pay the penalty |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=271598/match=300269537/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616174100/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=271598/match=300269537/match-report.html |archive-date=16 June 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2014, Lopes har yanzu yana da shekaru 18, ya fara buga wasa da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga kusan mintuna 20 a wasan da suka doke Macedonia da ci 2-0 a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA ta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Santos |first=Carlos Jorge |date=5 March 2014 |title=Perfect Portugal dispatch FYROM |url=https://www.uefa.com/under21/news/0257-0ded0c0f1fc3-1f2832299780-1000/ |access-date=5 May 2022 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Ya fara bayyana a matsayin cikakken ɗan wasa a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2017, inda ya maye gurbin Gonçalo Guedes a ƙarshen rabin na biyu na wasan sada zumunci da suka tashi 1-1 da Amurka . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9ajbdzrf09vsq5x8i2xb9xct9v1964q 887775 887771 2026-07-26T15:44:55Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362054599|Rony Lopes]]" 887775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcos Paulo Mesquita''' " '''Rony''' " '''Lopes''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na dama]] . An haife shi a Brazil, ya wakilci Portugal a ƙasashen duniya. == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a [[Belém]], [[Pará]], Brazil ga uba ɗan ƙasar Brazil kuma uwa 'yar ƙasar Portugal, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Azevedo |first=Afonso |date=8 September 2016 |title=Entre Brasil e Portugal, enquanto brilha em França |trans-title=Between Brazil and Portugal, while he shines in France |url=http://blog.bet.pt/rony-lopes/ |access-date=5 August 2017 |publisher=Bet.pt |language=pt}}</ref> Lopes ya ƙaura zuwa Portugal yana ɗan shekara huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=Ronny Lopes, 16 (Manchester City) |url=https://olheiro-pt.blogspot.com/2012/03/ronny-lopes-16-manchester-city.html |access-date=29 April 2013 |publisher=Olheiro |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomé |first=Bruno |date=15 February 2014 |title=Bloco de notas: Os jovens talentos que estão a fugir de Portugal |trans-title=Notebook: The young talents that are fleeing Portugal |url=http://www.futebol365.pt/artigo/107966-bloco-de-notas-os-jovens-talentos-que-estao-a-fugir-de-portugal/ |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Futebol 365 |language=pt}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Manchester City === Lopes ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Benfica daga shekaru 10 zuwa 15, inda ya sanya hannu a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a 2011. <ref> {{Cite web |date=11 July 2011 |title=Rony confirmado no Manchester City |trans-title=Rony confirmed at Manchester City |url=http://www.espbr.com/noticias/rony-confirmado-no-manchester-city |access-date=5 January 2013 |publisher=ESPBR |language=pt}}</ref> Ya kasance wani abin mamaki da ya ƙara wa ƙungiyar farko a shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa a shekara mai zuwa, amma sai da ya jira har zuwa 7 ga Janairu 2013 kafin ya fara buga wasa a gasar, lokacin da ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin David Silva a minti na 88 a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Watford kuma ya zura ƙwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da suka ci 3-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan ƙaramin ɗan wasa da ya taɓa zura ƙwallo a ƙungiyar yana da shekaru 17 da kwana 9. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2013 |title=Marcos makes his mark |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2013/January/Lopes-crowned-king |access-date=7 January 2013 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Lopes ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar ci gaban Elite ta City a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, kuma ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta farko ta Academy bayan ya lashe zaɓen jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |date=8 April 2015 |title=What role will Marcos Lopes play for Manchester City in 2015/16 season? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2423629-what-role-will-marcos-lopes-play-for-manchester-city-in-201516-season |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> An saka shi cikin ƙungiyar da ta buga wasan farko na gasar UEFA Youth League, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Viktoria Plzeň da ci 4-1. Ya ƙara kwallaye uku a wasan da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] ta doke su da ci 6-0 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=Lopes scores three as City put six past Bayern |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefayouthleague/news/0253-0d040be75fea-9fcfb84343c7-1000--lopes-scores-three-as-city-put-six-past-bayern/ |access-date=21 September 2020 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2014, Lopes ya fara wasa da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin Zakarun Turai . A wasan, ya taimaka wa Sergio Agüero da Álvaro Negredo su ci kwallo kowannensu, a wasan da suka ci 3-0 a waje (9-0 a jimilla). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=21 January 2014 |title=West Ham United 0–3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25723655 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yulin 2014, an ba da Lopes aro ga Lille har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2014 |title=Transfer news: Manchester City midfielder Marcos Lopes joins Lille on loan |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11679/9374865/transfer-news-manchester-city-midfielder-marcos-lopes-joins-lille-on-loan |access-date=22 July 2014 |publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Wasansa na farko a [[Ligue 1|gasar Ligue 1]] ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a gida da Metz . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2014 |title=French Ligue 1 report: Goalless between Lille and Metz |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/311908/report |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 14 ga Satumba, a wasan da suka doke Nantes da ci 2-0 a filin wasa na Stade Pierre-Mauroy . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Origi inspires Lille to top of the table |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/origi-inspires-lille-to-top-of-the-table.htm |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=[[Ligue 1]]}}</ref> An saka Lopes a cikin tawagar City don rangadin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa a Ostiraliya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2015 |title=Official tour 2015 squad list |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Tour-2015/2015/Official-Manchester-City-Tour-2015-squad-list/1436520345 |access-date=10 July 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa ƙungiyar farko tare da Jason Denayer da [[Kelechi Iheanacho]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2015 |title=.@Jasondenayer, @Rony10Lopes & @67Kelechi on stage now. Three academy graduates promoted to the first team. #citylive |url=https://twitter.com/MCFC/status/629006017259544576 |access-date=7 August 2015 |publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> === Monaco === A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2015, Lopes ya koma ƙungiyar [[Ligue 1]] ta Monaco kan kuɗi fam miliyan 9, <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2015 |title=Lopes joins Monaco |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2015/August/Marcos-Lopes-joins-Monaco/1440517269 |access-date=28 August 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> ya raba ƙungiyoyi da ɗimbin 'yan ƙasarsa ciki har da manaja Leonardo Jardim . A farkon watan Janairun 2016, an sake ba shi aro ga Lille har zuwa watan Yuni. A watan Yulin 2016, wanda har yanzu mallakar Monaco ne, Lopes ya sake rattaba hannu a Lille na tsawon kakar wasa daya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2016 |title=LOSC: Rony Lopes reste à Lille une saison de plus |trans-title=LOSC: Rony Lopes remains at Lille for another season |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/losc-rony-lopes-reste-lille-une-saison-de-plus-1044759.html |access-date=12 August 2016 |publisher=[[France 3]] |language=fr}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan farko na gasar, amma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Metz da ci 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2016 |title=Le LOSC s'écroule à Metz |trans-title=LOSC collapse at Metz |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/nord/lille/ligue-1-le-losc-s-ecroule-metz-1065455.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |publisher=France 3 |language=fr}}</ref> Lopes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2017, lokacin da ya fara shan kashi a hannun Strasbourg a gida da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2017 |title=Falcao stars as Monaco sweep past Strasbourg |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/falcao-stars-as-monaco-sweep-past-strasbourg.htm |access-date=17 September 2017 |publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> Ya fara wasa a karon farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Beşiktaş]] a wasan rukuni . === Sevilla === A ranar 14 ga Agusta 2019, Lopes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar a [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] ta [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]] ta Spain, inda ya maye gurbin [[Wissam Ben Yedder]] . A kakarsa ta farko, ya buga wasanni 14 kacal a hukumance. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cáceres |first=Ignacio |date=12 July 2020 |title=Vieira quiere a Rony Lopes en su Niza |trans-title=Vieira wants Rony Lopes in his Nice |url=https://eldesmarque.com/sevilla/sevilla-futbol-club/1214153-vieira-quiere-a-rony-lopes-en-su-niza |access-date=30 July 2020 |publisher=El Desmarque |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Yuli 2020, Lopes ya koma Nice a kan yarjejeniyar aro ta kakar wasa mai zuwa tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2020 |title=Rony Lopes loaned to OGC Nice, with option to buy |url=https://www.ogcnice.com/en/news/40174/rony-lopes-loaned-to-ogc-nice-with-option-to-buy- |access-date=29 July 2020 |publisher=OGC Nice}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2021, a wani mataki makamancin haka, ya sanya hannu da Olympiacos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cholidis |first=Kostas |date=16 August 2021 |title=Ολυμπιακός: Προσγειώθηκε στην Αθήνα ο Ρόνι Λόπες |trans-title=Olympiacos: Rony Lopes landed in Athens |url=https://www.sport24.gr/football/olympiakos-prosgeiothike-stin-athina-o-roni-lopes.9324992.html |access-date=16 August 2021 |publisher=Sport 24 |language=el}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe a ranar 4 ga Disamba, a wasan da suka yi da OFI da ci 3-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Konstantopoulos |first=Vassilis |date=4 December 2021 |title=ΟΦΗ – Ολυμπιακός 1–3: Διπλό με… Σισέ-ντερ φορ! (vids) |trans-title=ΟFI – Οlympiacos 1–3: Brace for Cissé! (video) |url=https://www.novasports.gr/sport/podosfairo/event/super-league-1/article/12214123/ofi-olympiakos-1-3-diplo-me-sise-nter-for-vids/ |access-date=4 December 2021 |publisher=Nova Sports |language=el}}</ref> Lopes ya sake yin wani aro a kakar wasa ta 2022-23, a Troyes a babban rukunin Faransa. === Braga === A ranar 2 ga Agusta 2023, Lopes ya sanya hannu a kulob din Primeira Liga Braga kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da kuma canja wurin kyauta, wanda zai iya kaiwa €500,000 ya danganta da sharuddan da aka gindaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2023 |title=Rony Lopes É Gverreiro! |trans-title=Rony Lopes Is Gverreiro! |url=https://scbraga.pt/rony-lopes-e-gverreiro/ |access-date=2 August 2023 |publisher=S.C. Braga |language=pt}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 9 ga Satumba, inda ya bude wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Moreirense da ci 3-2 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Delgado |first=Evandro |date=9 September 2023 |title=Braga vence Moreirense com golo aos 90+6 e sobe ao 7.º lugar |trans-title=Braga beat Moreirense with 90+6 goal and climb to 7th place |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/primeira-liga/artigos/braga-vence-moreirense-em-jogo-com-duas-reviravoltas-e-sobe-ao-7-o-posto |access-date=21 April 2024 |publisher=[[SAPO (company)|SAPO]] |language=pt}}</ref> === Daga baya aiki === A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2024, bayan ya yanke alaƙarsa da Braga, wanda har yanzu yana da haƙƙin samun kashi 10% na duk wani canja wuri na gaba, Lopes ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Alanyaspor na Turkish [[Süper Lig]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=OFICIAL: Rony Lopes deixa Sp. Braga e ruma à Turquia |trans-title=OFFICIAL: Rony Lopes leaves Sp. Braga and heads to Turkey |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/made-in/rony-lopes/oficial-rony-lopes-deixa-sp-braga-e-ruma-a-turquia |access-date=9 August 2025 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> A lokacin canja wurin 'yan wasa da ke tafe, ya koma Portugal a matsayin aro na watanni biyar a Farense . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2025 |title=OFICIAL: Farense anuncia contratação de Rony Lopes |trans-title=OFFICIAL: Farense announce signing of Rony Lopes |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/liga/farense/oficial-farense-anuncia-contratacao-de-rony-lopes |access-date=9 August 2025 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Lopes ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin manyan 'yan wasan Portugal a kakar wasa ta 2025–26, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da Tondela . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Lopes ya zaɓi wakiltar Portugal a ƙasashen duniya, <ref> {{Cite web |last=Teixeira |first=Nuno R. |date=27 August 2014 |title=Marcos Lopes quer representar Portugal no Mundial sub-20 (com fotos) |trans-title=Marcos Lopes wants to represent Portugal at the under-20 World Cup (with pictures) |url=https://relvado.sapo.pt/seleccao/galeria/marcos-lopes-quer-representar-portugal-no-mundial-sub-20-com-fotos-499106 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085110/http://relvado.sapo.pt/seleccao/galeria/marcos-lopes-quer-representar-portugal-no-mundial-sub-20-com-fotos-499106 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Relvado |language=pt}}</ref> ya lashe wasanni a kowane matakin matasa. Ya bayyana tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2015, inda ya buga dukkan wasannin da aka yi a [[New Zealand]] kuma ya taimaka wa ƙasarsa ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2015 |title=Brazil through as profligate Portugal pay the penalty |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=271598/match=300269537/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616174100/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=271598/match=300269537/match-report.html |archive-date=16 June 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2014, Lopes har yanzu yana da shekaru 18, ya fara buga wasa da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga kusan mintuna 20 a wasan da suka doke Macedonia da ci 2-0 a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA ta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Santos |first=Carlos Jorge |date=5 March 2014 |title=Perfect Portugal dispatch FYROM |url=https://www.uefa.com/under21/news/0257-0ded0c0f1fc3-1f2832299780-1000/ |access-date=5 May 2022 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Ya fara bayyana a matsayin cikakken ɗan wasa a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2017, inda ya maye gurbin Gonçalo Guedes a ƙarshen rabin na biyu na wasan sada zumunci da suka tashi 1-1 da Amurka . An sanya sunan Lopes a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 35 na farko da za su fafata a [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2018]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2018 |title=Revealed: Every World Cup 2018 squad – 23-man & preliminary lists & when will they be announced? |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/revealed-every-world-cup-2018-squad-23-man-preliminary-lists/oa0atsduflsv1nsf6oqk576rb |access-date=17 May 2018 |publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> amma bai shiga jerin 'yan wasa na karshe ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2018 |title=Nearly half Portugal's Euro squad to miss World Cup |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/portugal-world-cup-squad |access-date=17 May 2018 |publisher=[[Special Broadcasting Service]]}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 16 May 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Coupe de France]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Greek Football Cup]], [[Taça de Portugal]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Football League Cup]], [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[Taça da Liga]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2012–13 | rowspan="2" |[[Premier League]] | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 |- |2013–14 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !2 !1 !3 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !5 !1 |- | rowspan="4" |Lille (loan) |2014–15 | rowspan="3" |[[Ligue 1]] |23 |3 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |3{{Efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], one appearance in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |27 |3 |- |2015–16<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> |12 |2 |1 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |16 |3 |- |2016–17<ref name="SW" /> |25 |4 |2 |2 |0 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |29 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !60 !9 !3 !3 !4 !0 !5 !0 !0 !0 !72 !12 |- | rowspan="5" |Monaco |2015–16<ref name="SW" /> | rowspan="4" |Ligue 1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2017–18<ref name="SW" /> |38 |15 |2 |1 |4 |0 |5{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Champions League}} |1 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Trophée des Champions]]}} |0 |50 |17 |- |2018–19<ref name="SW" /> |24 |2 |2 |0 |2 |2 |0 |0 |1[f] |0 |29 |4 |- |2019–20<ref name="SW" /> |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !65 !17 !4 !1 !6 !2 !5 !1 !2 !0 !82 !21 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2019–20<ref name="SW" /> |[[La Liga]] |5 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |7[d] |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |0 |- |Nice (loan) |2020–21<ref name="SW" /> |Ligue 1 |28 |3 |1 |2 | colspan="2" |— |4[d] |0 | colspan="2" |— |33 |5 |- |Olympiacos |2021–22<ref name="SW" /> |Super League Greece |18 |3 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |6[d] |0 | colspan="2" |— |27 |4 |- |Troyes (loan) |2022–23 |Ligue 1 |32 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |7 |- |Braga |2023–24 |Primeira Liga |23 |2 |3 |2 |2 |0 |4{{Efn|Three appearances in UEFA Champions League, one appearance in UEFA Europa League}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |32 |4 |- |Alanyaspor |2024–25 |[[Süper Lig]] |15 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |18 |1 |- |Farense (loan) |2024–25 | rowspan="2" |Primeira Liga |14 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- |Tondela |2025–26 |16 |4 |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |18 |4 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !276 !46 !22 !10 !16 !2 !31 !1 !2 !0 !347 !59 |} {{Notelist}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta zura da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="2" | Portugal | 2017 | 1 | 0 |- | 2018 | 1 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 2 ! 0 |} == Daraja == '''Manchester City''' * Kofin Gasar Kwallon Kafa : 2013–14 <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin FA : 2012–13 <ref name="SW" /> '''Lille''' * Coupe de la Ligue : 2015-16 <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> '''Monaco''' * Coupe de la Ligue: 2017-18 <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> * Trophée des Champions : 2017, 2018 <ref name="SW" /> '''Sevilla''' * Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA : 2019–20 <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> '''Olympiakos''' * Gasar Super League ta Girka : 2021–22 '''Braga''' * Taca da Liga : 2023-24 '''<nowiki/>'Yan ƙasa da shekara 19 a Portugal''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Rony Lopes at ForaDeJogo (archived) * Rony Lopes at Soccerbase * Rony Lopes at L'Équipe Football (in French) * Rony Lopes national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese) * {{NFT player|69389}} * {{FIFA player|385022}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rk9w9yyu8jn36n504bmvyd14zk9mnvz 887818 887775 2026-07-26T16:49:13Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marcos Paulo Mesquita''' " '''Rony''' " '''Lopes''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na dama]] . An haife shi a Brazil, ya wakilci Portugal a ƙasashen duniya. == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a [[Belém]], [[Pará]], Brazil ga uba ɗan ƙasar Brazil kuma uwa 'yar ƙasar Portugal, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Azevedo |first=Afonso |date=8 September 2016 |title=Entre Brasil e Portugal, enquanto brilha em França |trans-title=Between Brazil and Portugal, while he shines in France |url=http://blog.bet.pt/rony-lopes/ |access-date=5 August 2017 |publisher=Bet.pt |language=pt}}</ref> Lopes ya ƙaura zuwa Portugal yana ɗan shekara huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2012 |title=Ronny Lopes, 16 (Manchester City) |url=https://olheiro-pt.blogspot.com/2012/03/ronny-lopes-16-manchester-city.html |access-date=29 April 2013 |publisher=Olheiro |language=pt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tomé |first=Bruno |date=15 February 2014 |title=Bloco de notas: Os jovens talentos que estão a fugir de Portugal |trans-title=Notebook: The young talents that are fleeing Portugal |url=http://www.futebol365.pt/artigo/107966-bloco-de-notas-os-jovens-talentos-que-estao-a-fugir-de-portugal/ |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Futebol 365 |language=pt}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Manchester City === Lopes ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Benfica daga shekaru 10 zuwa 15, inda ya sanya hannu a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a 2011. <ref> {{Cite web |date=11 July 2011 |title=Rony confirmado no Manchester City |trans-title=Rony confirmed at Manchester City |url=http://www.espbr.com/noticias/rony-confirmado-no-manchester-city |access-date=5 January 2013 |publisher=ESPBR |language=pt}}</ref> Ya kasance wani abin mamaki da ya ƙara wa ƙungiyar farko a shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa a shekara mai zuwa, amma sai da ya jira har zuwa 7 ga Janairu 2013 kafin ya fara buga wasa a gasar, lokacin da ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin David Silva a minti na 88 a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Watford kuma ya zura ƙwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da suka ci 3-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan ƙaramin ɗan wasa da ya taɓa zura ƙwallo a ƙungiyar yana da shekaru 17 da kwana 9. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2013 |title=Marcos makes his mark |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2013/January/Lopes-crowned-king |access-date=7 January 2013 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Lopes ya kasance a cikin ƙungiyar ci gaban Elite ta City a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, kuma ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta farko ta Academy bayan ya lashe zaɓen jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |date=8 April 2015 |title=What role will Marcos Lopes play for Manchester City in 2015/16 season? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2423629-what-role-will-marcos-lopes-play-for-manchester-city-in-201516-season |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[Bleacher Report]]}}</ref> An saka shi cikin ƙungiyar da ta buga wasan farko na gasar UEFA Youth League, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Viktoria Plzeň da ci 4-1. Ya ƙara kwallaye uku a wasan da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] ta doke su da ci 6-0 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=Lopes scores three as City put six past Bayern |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefayouthleague/news/0253-0d040be75fea-9fcfb84343c7-1000--lopes-scores-three-as-city-put-six-past-bayern/ |access-date=21 September 2020 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2014, Lopes ya fara wasa da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin Zakarun Turai . A wasan, ya taimaka wa Sergio Agüero da Álvaro Negredo su ci kwallo kowannensu, a wasan da suka ci 3-0 a waje (9-0 a jimilla). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=21 January 2014 |title=West Ham United 0–3 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25723655 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yulin 2014, an ba da Lopes aro ga Lille har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2014 |title=Transfer news: Manchester City midfielder Marcos Lopes joins Lille on loan |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11679/9374865/transfer-news-manchester-city-midfielder-marcos-lopes-joins-lille-on-loan |access-date=22 July 2014 |publisher=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Wasansa na farko a [[Ligue 1|gasar Ligue 1]] ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a gida da Metz . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2014 |title=French Ligue 1 report: Goalless between Lille and Metz |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/311908/report |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 14 ga Satumba, a wasan da suka doke Nantes da ci 2-0 a filin wasa na Stade Pierre-Mauroy . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Origi inspires Lille to top of the table |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/origi-inspires-lille-to-top-of-the-table.htm |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=[[Ligue 1]]}}</ref> An saka Lopes a cikin tawagar City don rangadin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa a Ostiraliya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2015 |title=Official tour 2015 squad list |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Tour-2015/2015/Official-Manchester-City-Tour-2015-squad-list/1436520345 |access-date=10 July 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa ƙungiyar farko tare da Jason Denayer da [[Kelechi Iheanacho]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2015 |title=.@Jasondenayer, @Rony10Lopes & @67Kelechi on stage now. Three academy graduates promoted to the first team. #citylive |url=https://twitter.com/MCFC/status/629006017259544576 |access-date=7 August 2015 |publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> === Monaco === A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2015, Lopes ya koma ƙungiyar [[Ligue 1]] ta Monaco kan kuɗi fam miliyan 9, <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2015 |title=Lopes joins Monaco |url=http://www.mcfc.co.uk/News/Team-news/2015/August/Marcos-Lopes-joins-Monaco/1440517269 |access-date=28 August 2015 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> ya raba ƙungiyoyi da ɗimbin 'yan ƙasarsa ciki har da manaja Leonardo Jardim . A farkon watan Janairun 2016, an sake ba shi aro ga Lille har zuwa watan Yuni. A watan Yulin 2016, wanda har yanzu mallakar Monaco ne, Lopes ya sake rattaba hannu a Lille na tsawon kakar wasa daya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2016 |title=LOSC: Rony Lopes reste à Lille une saison de plus |trans-title=LOSC: Rony Lopes remains at Lille for another season |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/losc-rony-lopes-reste-lille-une-saison-de-plus-1044759.html |access-date=12 August 2016 |publisher=[[France 3]] |language=fr}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan farko na gasar, amma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Metz da ci 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2016 |title=Le LOSC s'écroule à Metz |trans-title=LOSC collapse at Metz |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nord-pas-de-calais/nord/lille/ligue-1-le-losc-s-ecroule-metz-1065455.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |publisher=France 3 |language=fr}}</ref> Lopes ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2017, lokacin da ya fara shan kashi a hannun Strasbourg a gida da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2017 |title=Falcao stars as Monaco sweep past Strasbourg |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/falcao-stars-as-monaco-sweep-past-strasbourg.htm |access-date=17 September 2017 |publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> Ya fara wasa a karon farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Beşiktaş]] a wasan rukuni . === Sevilla === A ranar 14 ga Agusta 2019, Lopes ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar a [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] ta [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]] ta Spain, inda ya maye gurbin [[Wissam Ben Yedder]] . A kakarsa ta farko, ya buga wasanni 14 kacal a hukumance. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cáceres |first=Ignacio |date=12 July 2020 |title=Vieira quiere a Rony Lopes en su Niza |trans-title=Vieira wants Rony Lopes in his Nice |url=https://eldesmarque.com/sevilla/sevilla-futbol-club/1214153-vieira-quiere-a-rony-lopes-en-su-niza |access-date=30 July 2020 |publisher=El Desmarque |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Yuli 2020, Lopes ya koma Nice a kan yarjejeniyar aro ta kakar wasa mai zuwa tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2020 |title=Rony Lopes loaned to OGC Nice, with option to buy |url=https://www.ogcnice.com/en/news/40174/rony-lopes-loaned-to-ogc-nice-with-option-to-buy- |access-date=29 July 2020 |publisher=OGC Nice}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2021, a wani mataki makamancin haka, ya sanya hannu da Olympiacos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cholidis |first=Kostas |date=16 August 2021 |title=Ολυμπιακός: Προσγειώθηκε στην Αθήνα ο Ρόνι Λόπες |trans-title=Olympiacos: Rony Lopes landed in Athens |url=https://www.sport24.gr/football/olympiakos-prosgeiothike-stin-athina-o-roni-lopes.9324992.html |access-date=16 August 2021 |publisher=Sport 24 |language=el}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe a ranar 4 ga Disamba, a wasan da suka yi da OFI da ci 3-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Konstantopoulos |first=Vassilis |date=4 December 2021 |title=ΟΦΗ – Ολυμπιακός 1–3: Διπλό με… Σισέ-ντερ φορ! (vids) |trans-title=ΟFI – Οlympiacos 1–3: Brace for Cissé! (video) |url=https://www.novasports.gr/sport/podosfairo/event/super-league-1/article/12214123/ofi-olympiakos-1-3-diplo-me-sise-nter-for-vids/ |access-date=4 December 2021 |publisher=Nova Sports |language=el}}</ref> Lopes ya sake yin wani aro a kakar wasa ta 2022-23, a Troyes a babban rukunin Faransa. === Braga === A ranar 2 ga Agusta 2023, Lopes ya sanya hannu a kulob din Primeira Liga Braga kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da kuma canja wurin kyauta, wanda zai iya kaiwa €500,000 ya danganta da sharuddan da aka gindaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2023 |title=Rony Lopes É Gverreiro! |trans-title=Rony Lopes Is Gverreiro! |url=https://scbraga.pt/rony-lopes-e-gverreiro/ |access-date=2 August 2023 |publisher=S.C. Braga |language=pt}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 9 ga Satumba, inda ya bude wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Moreirense da ci 3-2 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Delgado |first=Evandro |date=9 September 2023 |title=Braga vence Moreirense com golo aos 90+6 e sobe ao 7.º lugar |trans-title=Braga beat Moreirense with 90+6 goal and climb to 7th place |url=https://desporto.sapo.pt/futebol/primeira-liga/artigos/braga-vence-moreirense-em-jogo-com-duas-reviravoltas-e-sobe-ao-7-o-posto |access-date=21 April 2024 |publisher=[[SAPO (company)|SAPO]] |language=pt}}</ref> === Daga baya aiki === A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2024, bayan ya yanke alaƙarsa da Braga, wanda har yanzu yana da haƙƙin samun kashi 10% na duk wani canja wuri na gaba, Lopes ya amince da yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Alanyaspor na Turkish [[Süper Lig]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=OFICIAL: Rony Lopes deixa Sp. Braga e ruma à Turquia |trans-title=OFFICIAL: Rony Lopes leaves Sp. Braga and heads to Turkey |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/made-in/rony-lopes/oficial-rony-lopes-deixa-sp-braga-e-ruma-a-turquia |access-date=9 August 2025 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> A lokacin canja wurin 'yan wasa da ke tafe, ya koma Portugal a matsayin aro na watanni biyar a Farense . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2025 |title=OFICIAL: Farense anuncia contratação de Rony Lopes |trans-title=OFFICIAL: Farense announce signing of Rony Lopes |url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/liga/farense/oficial-farense-anuncia-contratacao-de-rony-lopes |access-date=9 August 2025 |publisher=Mais Futebol |language=pt}}</ref> Lopes ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin manyan 'yan wasan Portugal a kakar wasa ta 2025–26, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da Tondela . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Lopes ya zaɓi wakiltar Portugal a ƙasashen duniya, <ref> {{Cite web |last=Teixeira |first=Nuno R. |date=27 August 2014 |title=Marcos Lopes quer representar Portugal no Mundial sub-20 (com fotos) |trans-title=Marcos Lopes wants to represent Portugal at the under-20 World Cup (with pictures) |url=https://relvado.sapo.pt/seleccao/galeria/marcos-lopes-quer-representar-portugal-no-mundial-sub-20-com-fotos-499106 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085110/http://relvado.sapo.pt/seleccao/galeria/marcos-lopes-quer-representar-portugal-no-mundial-sub-20-com-fotos-499106 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=Relvado |language=pt}}</ref> ya lashe wasanni a kowane matakin matasa. Ya bayyana tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2015, inda ya buga dukkan wasannin da aka yi a [[New Zealand]] kuma ya taimaka wa ƙasarsa ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2015 |title=Brazil through as profligate Portugal pay the penalty |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=271598/match=300269537/match-report.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616174100/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=271598/match=300269537/match-report.html |archive-date=16 June 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2014, Lopes har yanzu yana da shekaru 18, ya fara buga wasa da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga kusan mintuna 20 a wasan da suka doke Macedonia da ci 2-0 a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA ta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Santos |first=Carlos Jorge |date=5 March 2014 |title=Perfect Portugal dispatch FYROM |url=https://www.uefa.com/under21/news/0257-0ded0c0f1fc3-1f2832299780-1000/ |access-date=5 May 2022 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Ya fara bayyana a matsayin cikakken ɗan wasa a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2017, inda ya maye gurbin Gonçalo Guedes a ƙarshen rabin na biyu na wasan sada zumunci da suka tashi 1-1 da Amurka . An sanya sunan Lopes a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 35 na farko da za su fafata a [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2018]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2018 |title=Revealed: Every World Cup 2018 squad – 23-man & preliminary lists & when will they be announced? |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/revealed-every-world-cup-2018-squad-23-man-preliminary-lists/oa0atsduflsv1nsf6oqk576rb |access-date=17 May 2018 |publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> amma bai shiga jerin 'yan wasa na karshe ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2018 |title=Nearly half Portugal's Euro squad to miss World Cup |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/portugal-world-cup-squad |access-date=17 May 2018 |publisher=[[Special Broadcasting Service]]}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 16 May 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Coupe de France]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Greek Football Cup]], [[Taça de Portugal]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Football League Cup]], [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[Taça da Liga]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2012–13 | rowspan="2" |[[Premier League]] | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |1 |- |2013–14 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !2 !1 !3 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !5 !1 |- | rowspan="4" |Lille (loan) |2014–15 | rowspan="3" |[[Ligue 1]] |23 |3 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |3{{Efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], one appearance in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |27 |3 |- |2015–16<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> |12 |2 |1 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |16 |3 |- |2016–17<ref name="SW" /> |25 |4 |2 |2 |0 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |29 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !60 !9 !3 !3 !4 !0 !5 !0 !0 !0 !72 !12 |- | rowspan="5" |Monaco |2015–16<ref name="SW" /> | rowspan="4" |Ligue 1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2017–18<ref name="SW" /> |38 |15 |2 |1 |4 |0 |5{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Champions League}} |1 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Trophée des Champions]]}} |0 |50 |17 |- |2018–19<ref name="SW" /> |24 |2 |2 |0 |2 |2 |0 |0 |1[f] |0 |29 |4 |- |2019–20<ref name="SW" /> |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !65 !17 !4 !1 !6 !2 !5 !1 !2 !0 !82 !21 |- |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2019–20<ref name="SW" /> |[[La Liga]] |5 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |7[d] |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |0 |- |Nice (loan) |2020–21<ref name="SW" /> |Ligue 1 |28 |3 |1 |2 | colspan="2" |— |4[d] |0 | colspan="2" |— |33 |5 |- |Olympiacos |2021–22<ref name="SW" /> |Super League Greece |18 |3 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |6[d] |0 | colspan="2" |— |27 |4 |- |Troyes (loan) |2022–23 |Ligue 1 |32 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |7 |- |Braga |2023–24 |Primeira Liga |23 |2 |3 |2 |2 |0 |4{{Efn|Three appearances in UEFA Champions League, one appearance in UEFA Europa League}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |32 |4 |- |Alanyaspor |2024–25 |[[Süper Lig]] |15 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |18 |1 |- |Farense (loan) |2024–25 | rowspan="2" |Primeira Liga |14 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |14 |1 |- |Tondela |2025–26 |16 |4 |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |18 |4 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !276 !46 !22 !10 !16 !2 !31 !1 !2 !0 !347 !59 |} {{Notelist}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta zura da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="2" | Portugal | 2017 | 1 | 0 |- | 2018 | 1 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 2 ! 0 |} == Daraja == '''Manchester City''' * Kofin Gasar Kwallon Kafa : 2013–14 <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin FA : 2012–13 <ref name="SW" /> '''Lille''' * Coupe de la Ligue : 2015-16 <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> '''Monaco''' * Coupe de la Ligue: 2017-18 <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> * Trophée des Champions : 2017, 2018 <ref name="SW" /> '''Sevilla''' * Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA : 2019–20 <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> '''Olympiakos''' * Gasar Super League ta Girka : 2021–22 '''Braga''' * Taca da Liga : 2023-24 '''<nowiki/>'Yan ƙasa da shekara 19 a Portugal''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|marcos-paulo-mesquita-lopes/214882}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Rony Lopes at ForaDeJogo (archived) * Rony Lopes at Soccerbase * Rony Lopes at L'Équipe Football (in French) * Rony Lopes national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese) * {{NFT player|69389}} * {{FIFA player|385022}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == 19py8t83ybu0v7l3qsuyroz5exdacl2 0 162314 887778 2026-07-26T15:46:35Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365053462|Ramón Díaz]]" 887778 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ramón Ángel Díaz''' ({{IPA|es|raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as}} ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Shi ne kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi da lashe kofuna 17, kocin na biyu mafi nasara a tarihin River Plate bayan Marcelo Gallardo da kuma kocin da ya fi samun nasara a gasar Primera División ta Argentina tare da Ángel Labruna . Díaz ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar River Plate da kuma tawagar kasar Argentina a matsayin dan wasan gaba, kuma ya horar da kungiyar sau uku, inda ya lashe kofuna takwas. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan ''El Pelado'' ("Baldy"). == Aikin kulob == === Farantin Kogi === [[Fayil:Ramon_diaz_elgrafico.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Díaz yana buga wa River Plate wasa a shekarar 1981]] An haife shi a La Rioja, Díaz ɗan wasan matasa ne na River Plate, kuma ya kasance abin jan hankali a ƙarƙashin manajan matasa Norberto Yácono . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko - Primera División - a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1978, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a kan Colón, yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wani tsari na daban yayin da 'yan wasan farko na ƙungiyar suka fita zuwa Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=El debut de Ramón Díaz hace 42 años: los grandes de gira y los juveniles en Primera |trans-title=The debut of Ramón Díaz 42 years ago: the greats on tour and the youth in ''Primera'' |url=https://lapaginamillonaria.com/riverplate/El-debut-de-Ramon-Diaz-hace-42-anos-los-grandes-de-gira-y-los-juveniles-en-Primera-20200813-0007.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=La Página Millonaria |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1978, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Quilmes . Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan farko a ƙungiyar, musamman inda ya zira kwallaye 22 a gasar a kakar wasa ta 1980 . === Italiya === A shekarar 1982, Díaz ya koma ƙasar waje a karon farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Serie A ta Italiya Napoli . Duk da kammala kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta daya a kulob din a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye takwas, kakar wasa ta Napoli ta kasance abin takaici yayin da suka kare a matsayi na 10, maki biyu kacal kafin su fadi daga gasar. A shekarar 1983, Díaz ya fara komawa Avellino a matsayin aro, inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya fara wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa uku da ya yi, kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a kakar wasa ta 1985-86 . A watan Yulin 1986, ya koma Fiorentina kan kuɗin lira biliyan 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1986 |title=Milan, debutto con show |trans-title=Milan, debut with a show |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1986/07/16/milan-debutto-con-show.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yulin 1988, Díaz ya amince da yarjejeniyar aro da Inter Milan a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Rabah Madjer]], wanda hakan ya gaza cimma burinsa na duba lafiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 1988 |title=Inter, Diaz batte Madjer... |trans-title=Inter, Díaz defeats Madjer... |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/07/21/inter-diaz-batte-madjer.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta bana, kasancewarsa na biyu mafi kyawun dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a kungiyar (bayan Aldo Serena ), Inter ba ta sayi shi ba, daga baya kuma Jürgen Klinsmann ya maye gurbinsa. === Komawa Monaco da River Plate da kuma yin ritaya === A shekarar 1989, Díaz ya koma kulob din Monaco na Faransa, kuma ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 1990-91 tare da kulob din. A shekarar 1991, ya koma kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi zura kwallaye a gasar Apertura ta 1991 . A ƙarshen aikinsa, Díaz shine Babban ɗan wasan J.League a shekarar 1993 tare da Yokohama Marinos a Japan, kuma shine ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Yokohama derby, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 a kan Yokohama Flügels . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] owomrrgnvbf0hr0kw8cmshviqzy3c8a 887779 887778 2026-07-26T15:48:11Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365053462|Ramón Díaz]]" 887779 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ramón Ángel Díaz''' ({{IPA|es|raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as}} ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Shi ne kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi da lashe kofuna 17, kocin na biyu mafi nasara a tarihin River Plate bayan Marcelo Gallardo da kuma kocin da ya fi samun nasara a gasar Primera División ta Argentina tare da Ángel Labruna . Díaz ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar River Plate da kuma tawagar kasar Argentina a matsayin dan wasan gaba, kuma ya horar da kungiyar sau uku, inda ya lashe kofuna takwas. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan ''El Pelado'' ("Baldy"). == Aikin kulob == === Farantin Kogi === [[Fayil:Ramon_diaz_elgrafico.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Díaz yana buga wa River Plate wasa a shekarar 1981]] An haife shi a La Rioja, Díaz ɗan wasan matasa ne na River Plate, kuma ya kasance abin jan hankali a ƙarƙashin manajan matasa Norberto Yácono . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko - Primera División - a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1978, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a kan Colón, yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wani tsari na daban yayin da 'yan wasan farko na ƙungiyar suka fita zuwa Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=El debut de Ramón Díaz hace 42 años: los grandes de gira y los juveniles en Primera |trans-title=The debut of Ramón Díaz 42 years ago: the greats on tour and the youth in ''Primera'' |url=https://lapaginamillonaria.com/riverplate/El-debut-de-Ramon-Diaz-hace-42-anos-los-grandes-de-gira-y-los-juveniles-en-Primera-20200813-0007.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=La Página Millonaria |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1978, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Quilmes . Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan farko a ƙungiyar, musamman inda ya zira kwallaye 22 a gasar a kakar wasa ta 1980 . === Italiya === A shekarar 1982, Díaz ya koma ƙasar waje a karon farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Serie A ta Italiya Napoli . Duk da kammala kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta daya a kulob din a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye takwas, kakar wasa ta Napoli ta kasance abin takaici yayin da suka kare a matsayi na 10, maki biyu kacal kafin su fadi daga gasar. A shekarar 1983, Díaz ya fara komawa Avellino a matsayin aro, inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya fara wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa uku da ya yi, kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a kakar wasa ta 1985-86 . A watan Yulin 1986, ya koma Fiorentina kan kuɗin lira biliyan 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1986 |title=Milan, debutto con show |trans-title=Milan, debut with a show |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1986/07/16/milan-debutto-con-show.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yulin 1988, Díaz ya amince da yarjejeniyar aro da Inter Milan a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Rabah Madjer]], wanda hakan ya gaza cimma burinsa na duba lafiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 1988 |title=Inter, Diaz batte Madjer... |trans-title=Inter, Díaz defeats Madjer... |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/07/21/inter-diaz-batte-madjer.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta bana, kasancewarsa na biyu mafi kyawun dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a kungiyar (bayan Aldo Serena ), Inter ba ta sayi shi ba, daga baya kuma Jürgen Klinsmann ya maye gurbinsa. === Komawa Monaco da River Plate da kuma yin ritaya === A shekarar 1989, Díaz ya koma kulob din Monaco na Faransa, kuma ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 1990-91 tare da kulob din. A shekarar 1991, ya koma kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi zura kwallaye a gasar Apertura ta 1991 . A ƙarshen aikinsa, Díaz shine Babban ɗan wasan J.League a shekarar 1993 tare da Yokohama Marinos a Japan, kuma shine ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Yokohama derby, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 a kan Yokohama Flügels . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Argentina_vs_urss_1979.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Diaz (da ƙwallon) yana bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] Díaz yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina wadda ta lashe gasar FIFA World Youth Championship a shekarar 1979, tare da [[Diego Maradona]] . Díaz da Maradona su ne ginshiƙin ƙungiyar da ke da ra'ayin kai hari, kuma tare suka zira kwallaye 14 cikin 20 na ƙungiyar (70%). Díaz ya zura kwallaye 8, inda ya lashe kyautar Golden Boot saboda kasancewarsa wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. Maradona ya zura kwallaye 6, inda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa. Daga nan Díaz ya ci gaba da buga wasa a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 1982|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1982]] kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] a wasan da Argentina ta sha kashi da ci 3-1. An yi ta rade-radin cewa shi da Maradona sun shiga cikin rikicin da ya hana Díaz bugawa Argentina wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. Duk da haka, Maradona ya musanta hakan a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ''Yo soy el Diego'', yana mai cewa ya shaida wa manajan Argentina na lokacin, Carlos Bilardo, cewa yana son Diaz ya kasance a cikin 'yan wasan da suka buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Ramon Angel Diaz |url=http://ramondiaz.com/en/biografia/ |website=Ramon Diaz.com}}</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == === Farantin Kogi === A shekarar 1995, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya maye gurbin Carlos Babington da aka kora; manufarsa a lokacin ita ce ya buga wa kulob din wasa kafin ya yi ritaya, amma shugaban Alfredo Davicce ya gayyace shi a matsayin manaja. Wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin kungiyar ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a Copa Libertadores da Vélez Sarsfield . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=La primera vez de Ramón Díaz como DT de River |trans-title=The first time of Ramón Díaz as manager of River |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/280846-la-primera-vez-de-ramon-diaz-como-dt-de-river |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya lashe gasar Libertadores ta 1996 da kuma Supercopa Libertadores ta 1997 tare da River, <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> baya ga kofunan lig guda hudu a kakarsa ta farko. Ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar a watan Fabrairun 2000, bayan rashin nasara a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Boca Juniors da ci 2-1, sannan kuma bayan ya yi jayayya da hukumar gudanarwar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2000 |title=A Ramón le dieron el toque |trans-title=They gave Ramón the touch |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-02/00-02-12/pag19.htm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2001, Díaz ya amince ya koma River, inda ya maye gurbin magajinsa Américo Gallego . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2001 |title=Ramón Díaz volvió a River |trans-title=Ramón Díaz returned to River |url=https://www.ambito.com/portada-principal/ramon-diaz-volvio-river-n3122681 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ámbito |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake lashe wani kofi na gasar ( Gasar Clausura ta 2002 ), amma Manuel Pellegrini ya maye gurbinsa a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2002, yayin da kulob din ya zabi kin sabunta kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2002 |title=Ramón Díaz deja River Plate |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves River Plate |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2002/05/20/futbol_internacional/1021915211.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |language=es}}</ref> === Oxford United === A ranar 9 ga Disamba 2004, Díaz ya maye gurbin Graham Rix a matsayin manajan kulob din [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] na Ingila na biyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2004 |title=Oxford name Diaz as new manager |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4082191.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin, Díaz ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa: "Ina son ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila kuma ina son in sami gogewa ta farko... Na ga abubuwa da yawa a talabijin... Haka kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a yi aiki a wannan matakin, domin ya bambanta da ƙwallon ƙafa a saman." An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa babu Díaz ko ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatansa biyar da ke ɗakin bayan gida da ke Oxford United ke biyansu albashi saboda ayyukansu. <ref name="Profile" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lu17yghjwsldp3cuv0wr2tka2nbqxv0 887780 887779 2026-07-26T15:49:12Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365053462|Ramón Díaz]]" 887780 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ramón Ángel Díaz''' ({{IPA|es|raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as}} ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Shi ne kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi da lashe kofuna 17, kocin na biyu mafi nasara a tarihin River Plate bayan Marcelo Gallardo da kuma kocin da ya fi samun nasara a gasar Primera División ta Argentina tare da Ángel Labruna . Díaz ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar River Plate da kuma tawagar kasar Argentina a matsayin dan wasan gaba, kuma ya horar da kungiyar sau uku, inda ya lashe kofuna takwas. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan ''El Pelado'' ("Baldy"). == Aikin kulob == === Farantin Kogi === [[Fayil:Ramon_diaz_elgrafico.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Díaz yana buga wa River Plate wasa a shekarar 1981]] An haife shi a La Rioja, Díaz ɗan wasan matasa ne na River Plate, kuma ya kasance abin jan hankali a ƙarƙashin manajan matasa Norberto Yácono . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko - Primera División - a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1978, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a kan Colón, yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wani tsari na daban yayin da 'yan wasan farko na ƙungiyar suka fita zuwa Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=El debut de Ramón Díaz hace 42 años: los grandes de gira y los juveniles en Primera |trans-title=The debut of Ramón Díaz 42 years ago: the greats on tour and the youth in ''Primera'' |url=https://lapaginamillonaria.com/riverplate/El-debut-de-Ramon-Diaz-hace-42-anos-los-grandes-de-gira-y-los-juveniles-en-Primera-20200813-0007.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=La Página Millonaria |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1978, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Quilmes . Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan farko a ƙungiyar, musamman inda ya zira kwallaye 22 a gasar a kakar wasa ta 1980 . === Italiya === A shekarar 1982, Díaz ya koma ƙasar waje a karon farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Serie A ta Italiya Napoli . Duk da kammala kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta daya a kulob din a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye takwas, kakar wasa ta Napoli ta kasance abin takaici yayin da suka kare a matsayi na 10, maki biyu kacal kafin su fadi daga gasar. A shekarar 1983, Díaz ya fara komawa Avellino a matsayin aro, inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya fara wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa uku da ya yi, kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a kakar wasa ta 1985-86 . A watan Yulin 1986, ya koma Fiorentina kan kuɗin lira biliyan 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1986 |title=Milan, debutto con show |trans-title=Milan, debut with a show |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1986/07/16/milan-debutto-con-show.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yulin 1988, Díaz ya amince da yarjejeniyar aro da Inter Milan a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Rabah Madjer]], wanda hakan ya gaza cimma burinsa na duba lafiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 1988 |title=Inter, Diaz batte Madjer... |trans-title=Inter, Díaz defeats Madjer... |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/07/21/inter-diaz-batte-madjer.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta bana, kasancewarsa na biyu mafi kyawun dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a kungiyar (bayan Aldo Serena ), Inter ba ta sayi shi ba, daga baya kuma Jürgen Klinsmann ya maye gurbinsa. === Komawa Monaco da River Plate da kuma yin ritaya === A shekarar 1989, Díaz ya koma kulob din Monaco na Faransa, kuma ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 1990-91 tare da kulob din. A shekarar 1991, ya koma kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi zura kwallaye a gasar Apertura ta 1991 . A ƙarshen aikinsa, Díaz shine Babban ɗan wasan J.League a shekarar 1993 tare da Yokohama Marinos a Japan, kuma shine ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Yokohama derby, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 a kan Yokohama Flügels . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Argentina_vs_urss_1979.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Diaz (da ƙwallon) yana bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] Díaz yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina wadda ta lashe gasar FIFA World Youth Championship a shekarar 1979, tare da [[Diego Maradona]] . Díaz da Maradona su ne ginshiƙin ƙungiyar da ke da ra'ayin kai hari, kuma tare suka zira kwallaye 14 cikin 20 na ƙungiyar (70%). Díaz ya zura kwallaye 8, inda ya lashe kyautar Golden Boot saboda kasancewarsa wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. Maradona ya zura kwallaye 6, inda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa. Daga nan Díaz ya ci gaba da buga wasa a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 1982|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1982]] kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] a wasan da Argentina ta sha kashi da ci 3-1. An yi ta rade-radin cewa shi da Maradona sun shiga cikin rikicin da ya hana Díaz bugawa Argentina wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. Duk da haka, Maradona ya musanta hakan a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ''Yo soy el Diego'', yana mai cewa ya shaida wa manajan Argentina na lokacin, Carlos Bilardo, cewa yana son Diaz ya kasance a cikin 'yan wasan da suka buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Ramon Angel Diaz |url=http://ramondiaz.com/en/biografia/ |website=Ramon Diaz.com}}</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == === Farantin Kogi === A shekarar 1995, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya maye gurbin Carlos Babington da aka kora; manufarsa a lokacin ita ce ya buga wa kulob din wasa kafin ya yi ritaya, amma shugaban Alfredo Davicce ya gayyace shi a matsayin manaja. Wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin kungiyar ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a Copa Libertadores da Vélez Sarsfield . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=La primera vez de Ramón Díaz como DT de River |trans-title=The first time of Ramón Díaz as manager of River |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/280846-la-primera-vez-de-ramon-diaz-como-dt-de-river |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya lashe gasar Libertadores ta 1996 da kuma Supercopa Libertadores ta 1997 tare da River, <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> baya ga kofunan lig guda hudu a kakarsa ta farko. Ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar a watan Fabrairun 2000, bayan rashin nasara a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Boca Juniors da ci 2-1, sannan kuma bayan ya yi jayayya da hukumar gudanarwar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2000 |title=A Ramón le dieron el toque |trans-title=They gave Ramón the touch |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-02/00-02-12/pag19.htm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2001, Díaz ya amince ya koma River, inda ya maye gurbin magajinsa Américo Gallego . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2001 |title=Ramón Díaz volvió a River |trans-title=Ramón Díaz returned to River |url=https://www.ambito.com/portada-principal/ramon-diaz-volvio-river-n3122681 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ámbito |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake lashe wani kofi na gasar ( Gasar Clausura ta 2002 ), amma Manuel Pellegrini ya maye gurbinsa a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2002, yayin da kulob din ya zabi kin sabunta kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2002 |title=Ramón Díaz deja River Plate |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves River Plate |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2002/05/20/futbol_internacional/1021915211.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |language=es}}</ref> === Oxford United === A ranar 9 ga Disamba 2004, Díaz ya maye gurbin Graham Rix a matsayin manajan kulob din [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] na Ingila na biyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2004 |title=Oxford name Diaz as new manager |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4082191.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin, Díaz ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa: "Ina son ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila kuma ina son in sami gogewa ta farko... Na ga abubuwa da yawa a talabijin... Haka kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a yi aiki a wannan matakin, domin ya bambanta da ƙwallon ƙafa a saman." An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa babu Díaz ko ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatansa biyar da ke ɗakin bayan gida da ke Oxford United ke biyansu albashi saboda ayyukansu. <ref name="Profile" /> A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2005, Díaz ya yi murabus daga Oxford bayan "tattaunawar da aka yi kan sabuwar kwangila ta wargaje". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2005 |title=Argentine Diaz leaves Oxford helm |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4514565.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === San Lorenzo === A ranar 24 ga Disamba 2006, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin San Lorenzo a kakar wasa mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=San Lorenzo appoint former U's boss Diaz |url=https://www.espnfc.com/story/397356/san-lorenzo-appoint-former-us-boss-diaz |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Clausura ta 2007, gasar da ta fara lashewa a cikin shekaru shida. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta San Lorenzo ta cancanci shiga gasar Copa Libertadores ta 2008, kungiyar Díaz ta sha kashi a hannun zakarun gasar LDU Quito a watan Mayu, kuma ya yi murabus daga kungiyar a ranar 28 ga Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2008 |title=Chau Ramón Díaz: renunció como DT de San Lorenzo |trans-title=Bye Ramón Díaz: resigned as manager of San Lorenzo |url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/deportes/chau-ramon-diaz-renuncio-como-dt-de-san-lorenzo-20080528-0028.phtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Perfil]] |language=es}}</ref> === Kulob ɗin Amurka === A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2008, an tabbatar da Diaz a matsayin sabon kocin Club América . Duk da cewa kulob din bai bayyana takamaiman bayanai game da kwantiragin Diaz ba, an ruwaito cewa an yi masa tayin dala miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, gami da kari da suka shafi aiki wanda zai iya kai jimillar ribar da ya samu zuwa dala miliyan 6. Díaz ya kasa sanya Club América ta cancanci zuwa Copa Libertadores . A farkon kakar wasa ta Clausura ta 2009, Díaz ya yi nasara a kan Santos Laguna 2-1, ya yi kunnen doki da Toluca 2-2, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Morelia 1-0 da kuma Pachuca 3-1. Bayan rashin nasara sau biyu a jere a gasar, kuma ƙungiyar tana matsayi na 12 a teburin gasar, an kore shi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Club America Sacks Diaz {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/114/mexico/2009/02/10/1103513/club-america-sacks-diaz |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa San Lorenzo === A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2010, shugaban San Lorenzo Savino ya bayyana a hukumance cewa an nada Díaz a matsayin manaja a karo na biyu, bayan ya amince da kwangilar shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2010 |title=Ramón Díaz acordó su regreso a San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz agreed to his return to San Lorenzo |url=https://www.clarin.com/ultimo-momento/ramon-diaz-acordo-regreso-san-lorenzo_0_BJXfLSL0pYg.html |website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zabe na tsakiyar tebur a Apertura na 2010, ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2011, yana mai cewa yana son "yaƙi don samun mukamai na farko". <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz renunció en San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz resigned at San Lorenzo |url=https://www.espn.com.ar/noticias/nota?s=arg&id=1280524&type=story |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ESPN |language=es}}</ref> === 'Yancin kai === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1ft2m0692x3z2kyhf1gnei48pz8cbvn 887781 887780 2026-07-26T15:49:41Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365053462|Ramón Díaz]]" 887781 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ramón Ángel Díaz''' ({{IPA|es|raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as}} ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Shi ne kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi da lashe kofuna 17, kocin na biyu mafi nasara a tarihin River Plate bayan Marcelo Gallardo da kuma kocin da ya fi samun nasara a gasar Primera División ta Argentina tare da Ángel Labruna . Díaz ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar River Plate da kuma tawagar kasar Argentina a matsayin dan wasan gaba, kuma ya horar da kungiyar sau uku, inda ya lashe kofuna takwas. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan ''El Pelado'' ("Baldy"). == Aikin kulob == === Farantin Kogi === [[Fayil:Ramon_diaz_elgrafico.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Díaz yana buga wa River Plate wasa a shekarar 1981]] An haife shi a La Rioja, Díaz ɗan wasan matasa ne na River Plate, kuma ya kasance abin jan hankali a ƙarƙashin manajan matasa Norberto Yácono . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko - Primera División - a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1978, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a kan Colón, yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wani tsari na daban yayin da 'yan wasan farko na ƙungiyar suka fita zuwa Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=El debut de Ramón Díaz hace 42 años: los grandes de gira y los juveniles en Primera |trans-title=The debut of Ramón Díaz 42 years ago: the greats on tour and the youth in ''Primera'' |url=https://lapaginamillonaria.com/riverplate/El-debut-de-Ramon-Diaz-hace-42-anos-los-grandes-de-gira-y-los-juveniles-en-Primera-20200813-0007.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=La Página Millonaria |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1978, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Quilmes . Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan farko a ƙungiyar, musamman inda ya zira kwallaye 22 a gasar a kakar wasa ta 1980 . === Italiya === A shekarar 1982, Díaz ya koma ƙasar waje a karon farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Serie A ta Italiya Napoli . Duk da kammala kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta daya a kulob din a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye takwas, kakar wasa ta Napoli ta kasance abin takaici yayin da suka kare a matsayi na 10, maki biyu kacal kafin su fadi daga gasar. A shekarar 1983, Díaz ya fara komawa Avellino a matsayin aro, inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya fara wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa uku da ya yi, kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a kakar wasa ta 1985-86 . A watan Yulin 1986, ya koma Fiorentina kan kuɗin lira biliyan 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1986 |title=Milan, debutto con show |trans-title=Milan, debut with a show |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1986/07/16/milan-debutto-con-show.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yulin 1988, Díaz ya amince da yarjejeniyar aro da Inter Milan a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Rabah Madjer]], wanda hakan ya gaza cimma burinsa na duba lafiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 1988 |title=Inter, Diaz batte Madjer... |trans-title=Inter, Díaz defeats Madjer... |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/07/21/inter-diaz-batte-madjer.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta bana, kasancewarsa na biyu mafi kyawun dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a kungiyar (bayan Aldo Serena ), Inter ba ta sayi shi ba, daga baya kuma Jürgen Klinsmann ya maye gurbinsa. === Komawa Monaco da River Plate da kuma yin ritaya === A shekarar 1989, Díaz ya koma kulob din Monaco na Faransa, kuma ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 1990-91 tare da kulob din. A shekarar 1991, ya koma kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi zura kwallaye a gasar Apertura ta 1991 . A ƙarshen aikinsa, Díaz shine Babban ɗan wasan J.League a shekarar 1993 tare da Yokohama Marinos a Japan, kuma shine ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Yokohama derby, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 a kan Yokohama Flügels . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Argentina_vs_urss_1979.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Diaz (da ƙwallon) yana bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] Díaz yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina wadda ta lashe gasar FIFA World Youth Championship a shekarar 1979, tare da [[Diego Maradona]] . Díaz da Maradona su ne ginshiƙin ƙungiyar da ke da ra'ayin kai hari, kuma tare suka zira kwallaye 14 cikin 20 na ƙungiyar (70%). Díaz ya zura kwallaye 8, inda ya lashe kyautar Golden Boot saboda kasancewarsa wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. Maradona ya zura kwallaye 6, inda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa. Daga nan Díaz ya ci gaba da buga wasa a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 1982|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1982]] kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] a wasan da Argentina ta sha kashi da ci 3-1. An yi ta rade-radin cewa shi da Maradona sun shiga cikin rikicin da ya hana Díaz bugawa Argentina wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. Duk da haka, Maradona ya musanta hakan a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ''Yo soy el Diego'', yana mai cewa ya shaida wa manajan Argentina na lokacin, Carlos Bilardo, cewa yana son Diaz ya kasance a cikin 'yan wasan da suka buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Ramon Angel Diaz |url=http://ramondiaz.com/en/biografia/ |website=Ramon Diaz.com}}</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == === Farantin Kogi === A shekarar 1995, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya maye gurbin Carlos Babington da aka kora; manufarsa a lokacin ita ce ya buga wa kulob din wasa kafin ya yi ritaya, amma shugaban Alfredo Davicce ya gayyace shi a matsayin manaja. Wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin kungiyar ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a Copa Libertadores da Vélez Sarsfield . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=La primera vez de Ramón Díaz como DT de River |trans-title=The first time of Ramón Díaz as manager of River |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/280846-la-primera-vez-de-ramon-diaz-como-dt-de-river |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya lashe gasar Libertadores ta 1996 da kuma Supercopa Libertadores ta 1997 tare da River, <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> baya ga kofunan lig guda hudu a kakarsa ta farko. Ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar a watan Fabrairun 2000, bayan rashin nasara a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Boca Juniors da ci 2-1, sannan kuma bayan ya yi jayayya da hukumar gudanarwar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2000 |title=A Ramón le dieron el toque |trans-title=They gave Ramón the touch |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-02/00-02-12/pag19.htm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2001, Díaz ya amince ya koma River, inda ya maye gurbin magajinsa Américo Gallego . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2001 |title=Ramón Díaz volvió a River |trans-title=Ramón Díaz returned to River |url=https://www.ambito.com/portada-principal/ramon-diaz-volvio-river-n3122681 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ámbito |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake lashe wani kofi na gasar ( Gasar Clausura ta 2002 ), amma Manuel Pellegrini ya maye gurbinsa a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2002, yayin da kulob din ya zabi kin sabunta kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2002 |title=Ramón Díaz deja River Plate |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves River Plate |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2002/05/20/futbol_internacional/1021915211.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |language=es}}</ref> === Oxford United === A ranar 9 ga Disamba 2004, Díaz ya maye gurbin Graham Rix a matsayin manajan kulob din [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] na Ingila na biyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2004 |title=Oxford name Diaz as new manager |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4082191.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin, Díaz ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa: "Ina son ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila kuma ina son in sami gogewa ta farko... Na ga abubuwa da yawa a talabijin... Haka kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a yi aiki a wannan matakin, domin ya bambanta da ƙwallon ƙafa a saman." An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa babu Díaz ko ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatansa biyar da ke ɗakin bayan gida da ke Oxford United ke biyansu albashi saboda ayyukansu. <ref name="Profile" /> A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2005, Díaz ya yi murabus daga Oxford bayan "tattaunawar da aka yi kan sabuwar kwangila ta wargaje". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2005 |title=Argentine Diaz leaves Oxford helm |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4514565.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === San Lorenzo === A ranar 24 ga Disamba 2006, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin San Lorenzo a kakar wasa mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=San Lorenzo appoint former U's boss Diaz |url=https://www.espnfc.com/story/397356/san-lorenzo-appoint-former-us-boss-diaz |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Clausura ta 2007, gasar da ta fara lashewa a cikin shekaru shida. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta San Lorenzo ta cancanci shiga gasar Copa Libertadores ta 2008, kungiyar Díaz ta sha kashi a hannun zakarun gasar LDU Quito a watan Mayu, kuma ya yi murabus daga kungiyar a ranar 28 ga Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2008 |title=Chau Ramón Díaz: renunció como DT de San Lorenzo |trans-title=Bye Ramón Díaz: resigned as manager of San Lorenzo |url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/deportes/chau-ramon-diaz-renuncio-como-dt-de-san-lorenzo-20080528-0028.phtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Perfil]] |language=es}}</ref> === Kulob ɗin Amurka === A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2008, an tabbatar da Diaz a matsayin sabon kocin Club América . Duk da cewa kulob din bai bayyana takamaiman bayanai game da kwantiragin Diaz ba, an ruwaito cewa an yi masa tayin dala miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, gami da kari da suka shafi aiki wanda zai iya kai jimillar ribar da ya samu zuwa dala miliyan 6. Díaz ya kasa sanya Club América ta cancanci zuwa Copa Libertadores . A farkon kakar wasa ta Clausura ta 2009, Díaz ya yi nasara a kan Santos Laguna 2-1, ya yi kunnen doki da Toluca 2-2, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Morelia 1-0 da kuma Pachuca 3-1. Bayan rashin nasara sau biyu a jere a gasar, kuma ƙungiyar tana matsayi na 12 a teburin gasar, an kore shi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Club America Sacks Diaz {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/114/mexico/2009/02/10/1103513/club-america-sacks-diaz |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa San Lorenzo === A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2010, shugaban San Lorenzo Savino ya bayyana a hukumance cewa an nada Díaz a matsayin manaja a karo na biyu, bayan ya amince da kwangilar shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2010 |title=Ramón Díaz acordó su regreso a San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz agreed to his return to San Lorenzo |url=https://www.clarin.com/ultimo-momento/ramon-diaz-acordo-regreso-san-lorenzo_0_BJXfLSL0pYg.html |website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zabe na tsakiyar tebur a Apertura na 2010, ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2011, yana mai cewa yana son "yaƙi don samun mukamai na farko". <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz renunció en San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz resigned at San Lorenzo |url=https://www.espn.com.ar/noticias/nota?s=arg&id=1280524&type=story |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ESPN |language=es}}</ref> === Independiente === A kan 12 Satumba 2011, Independiente ya hayar Díaz don maye gurbin Antonio Mohamed, wanda ya yi murabus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz es el nuevo técnico de Independiente |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new manager of Independiente |url=https://www.clarin.com/deportes/Ramon-Diaz-cerca-Independiente_0_S1eMA4phPQx.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris 2012, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a kulob din, wanda ya kasance yana fama da matsaloli kuma ya sami kansa a ƙarshen teburin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz quits Independiente {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/585/argentina/2012/03/05/2947124/ramon-diaz-quits-independiente |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Sihiri na uku a River Plate === A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2012, Díaz ya koma River Plate a karo na uku a matsayin manaja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz returns to River Plate after being appointed coach {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/4500/main/2012/11/30/3566344/ramon-diaz-hired-as-new-river-plate-coach |publisher=Goal}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar Torneo Final a shekarar 2014, sannan ya lashe gasar Superfinal a kan tsohuwar kungiyar San Lorenzo da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2014 |title=River Plate claim the Copa Campeonato with victory over San Lorenzo (VIDEO) |url=https://golazoargentino.com/2014/05/25/river-plate-claim-the-copa-campeonato-with-victory-over-san-lorenzo-video/}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2014, Díaz ya bar River Plate. <ref>[https://www.fourfourtwo.com/my/news/diaz-leaves-river-plate]{{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> === Tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rujujvtqtxv3zs0lkmaj1blt23ehwc9 887782 887781 2026-07-26T15:50:14Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365053462|Ramón Díaz]]" 887782 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ramón Ángel Díaz''' ({{IPA|es|raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as}} ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Shi ne kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi da lashe kofuna 17, kocin na biyu mafi nasara a tarihin River Plate bayan Marcelo Gallardo da kuma kocin da ya fi samun nasara a gasar Primera División ta Argentina tare da Ángel Labruna . Díaz ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar River Plate da kuma tawagar kasar Argentina a matsayin dan wasan gaba, kuma ya horar da kungiyar sau uku, inda ya lashe kofuna takwas. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan ''El Pelado'' ("Baldy"). == Aikin kulob == === Farantin Kogi === [[Fayil:Ramon_diaz_elgrafico.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Díaz yana buga wa River Plate wasa a shekarar 1981]] An haife shi a La Rioja, Díaz ɗan wasan matasa ne na River Plate, kuma ya kasance abin jan hankali a ƙarƙashin manajan matasa Norberto Yácono . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko - Primera División - a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1978, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a kan Colón, yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wani tsari na daban yayin da 'yan wasan farko na ƙungiyar suka fita zuwa Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=El debut de Ramón Díaz hace 42 años: los grandes de gira y los juveniles en Primera |trans-title=The debut of Ramón Díaz 42 years ago: the greats on tour and the youth in ''Primera'' |url=https://lapaginamillonaria.com/riverplate/El-debut-de-Ramon-Diaz-hace-42-anos-los-grandes-de-gira-y-los-juveniles-en-Primera-20200813-0007.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=La Página Millonaria |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1978, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Quilmes . Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan farko a ƙungiyar, musamman inda ya zira kwallaye 22 a gasar a kakar wasa ta 1980 . === Italiya === A shekarar 1982, Díaz ya koma ƙasar waje a karon farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Serie A ta Italiya Napoli . Duk da kammala kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta daya a kulob din a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye takwas, kakar wasa ta Napoli ta kasance abin takaici yayin da suka kare a matsayi na 10, maki biyu kacal kafin su fadi daga gasar. A shekarar 1983, Díaz ya fara komawa Avellino a matsayin aro, inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya fara wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa uku da ya yi, kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a kakar wasa ta 1985-86 . A watan Yulin 1986, ya koma Fiorentina kan kuɗin lira biliyan 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1986 |title=Milan, debutto con show |trans-title=Milan, debut with a show |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1986/07/16/milan-debutto-con-show.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yulin 1988, Díaz ya amince da yarjejeniyar aro da Inter Milan a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Rabah Madjer]], wanda hakan ya gaza cimma burinsa na duba lafiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 1988 |title=Inter, Diaz batte Madjer... |trans-title=Inter, Díaz defeats Madjer... |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/07/21/inter-diaz-batte-madjer.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta bana, kasancewarsa na biyu mafi kyawun dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a kungiyar (bayan Aldo Serena ), Inter ba ta sayi shi ba, daga baya kuma Jürgen Klinsmann ya maye gurbinsa. === Komawa Monaco da River Plate da kuma yin ritaya === A shekarar 1989, Díaz ya koma kulob din Monaco na Faransa, kuma ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 1990-91 tare da kulob din. A shekarar 1991, ya koma kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi zura kwallaye a gasar Apertura ta 1991 . A ƙarshen aikinsa, Díaz shine Babban ɗan wasan J.League a shekarar 1993 tare da Yokohama Marinos a Japan, kuma shine ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Yokohama derby, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 a kan Yokohama Flügels . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Argentina_vs_urss_1979.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Diaz (da ƙwallon) yana bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] Díaz yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina wadda ta lashe gasar FIFA World Youth Championship a shekarar 1979, tare da [[Diego Maradona]] . Díaz da Maradona su ne ginshiƙin ƙungiyar da ke da ra'ayin kai hari, kuma tare suka zira kwallaye 14 cikin 20 na ƙungiyar (70%). Díaz ya zura kwallaye 8, inda ya lashe kyautar Golden Boot saboda kasancewarsa wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. Maradona ya zura kwallaye 6, inda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa. Daga nan Díaz ya ci gaba da buga wasa a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 1982|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1982]] kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] a wasan da Argentina ta sha kashi da ci 3-1. An yi ta rade-radin cewa shi da Maradona sun shiga cikin rikicin da ya hana Díaz bugawa Argentina wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. Duk da haka, Maradona ya musanta hakan a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ''Yo soy el Diego'', yana mai cewa ya shaida wa manajan Argentina na lokacin, Carlos Bilardo, cewa yana son Diaz ya kasance a cikin 'yan wasan da suka buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Ramon Angel Diaz |url=http://ramondiaz.com/en/biografia/ |website=Ramon Diaz.com}}</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == === Farantin Kogi === A shekarar 1995, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya maye gurbin Carlos Babington da aka kora; manufarsa a lokacin ita ce ya buga wa kulob din wasa kafin ya yi ritaya, amma shugaban Alfredo Davicce ya gayyace shi a matsayin manaja. Wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin kungiyar ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a Copa Libertadores da Vélez Sarsfield . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=La primera vez de Ramón Díaz como DT de River |trans-title=The first time of Ramón Díaz as manager of River |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/280846-la-primera-vez-de-ramon-diaz-como-dt-de-river |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya lashe gasar Libertadores ta 1996 da kuma Supercopa Libertadores ta 1997 tare da River, <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> baya ga kofunan lig guda hudu a kakarsa ta farko. Ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar a watan Fabrairun 2000, bayan rashin nasara a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Boca Juniors da ci 2-1, sannan kuma bayan ya yi jayayya da hukumar gudanarwar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2000 |title=A Ramón le dieron el toque |trans-title=They gave Ramón the touch |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-02/00-02-12/pag19.htm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2001, Díaz ya amince ya koma River, inda ya maye gurbin magajinsa Américo Gallego . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2001 |title=Ramón Díaz volvió a River |trans-title=Ramón Díaz returned to River |url=https://www.ambito.com/portada-principal/ramon-diaz-volvio-river-n3122681 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ámbito |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake lashe wani kofi na gasar ( Gasar Clausura ta 2002 ), amma Manuel Pellegrini ya maye gurbinsa a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2002, yayin da kulob din ya zabi kin sabunta kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2002 |title=Ramón Díaz deja River Plate |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves River Plate |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2002/05/20/futbol_internacional/1021915211.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |language=es}}</ref> === Oxford United === A ranar 9 ga Disamba 2004, Díaz ya maye gurbin Graham Rix a matsayin manajan kulob din [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] na Ingila na biyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2004 |title=Oxford name Diaz as new manager |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4082191.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin, Díaz ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa: "Ina son ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila kuma ina son in sami gogewa ta farko... Na ga abubuwa da yawa a talabijin... Haka kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a yi aiki a wannan matakin, domin ya bambanta da ƙwallon ƙafa a saman." An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa babu Díaz ko ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatansa biyar da ke ɗakin bayan gida da ke Oxford United ke biyansu albashi saboda ayyukansu. <ref name="Profile" /> A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2005, Díaz ya yi murabus daga Oxford bayan "tattaunawar da aka yi kan sabuwar kwangila ta wargaje". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2005 |title=Argentine Diaz leaves Oxford helm |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4514565.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === San Lorenzo === A ranar 24 ga Disamba 2006, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin San Lorenzo a kakar wasa mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=San Lorenzo appoint former U's boss Diaz |url=https://www.espnfc.com/story/397356/san-lorenzo-appoint-former-us-boss-diaz |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Clausura ta 2007, gasar da ta fara lashewa a cikin shekaru shida. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta San Lorenzo ta cancanci shiga gasar Copa Libertadores ta 2008, kungiyar Díaz ta sha kashi a hannun zakarun gasar LDU Quito a watan Mayu, kuma ya yi murabus daga kungiyar a ranar 28 ga Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2008 |title=Chau Ramón Díaz: renunció como DT de San Lorenzo |trans-title=Bye Ramón Díaz: resigned as manager of San Lorenzo |url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/deportes/chau-ramon-diaz-renuncio-como-dt-de-san-lorenzo-20080528-0028.phtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Perfil]] |language=es}}</ref> === Kulob ɗin Amurka === A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2008, an tabbatar da Diaz a matsayin sabon kocin Club América . Duk da cewa kulob din bai bayyana takamaiman bayanai game da kwantiragin Diaz ba, an ruwaito cewa an yi masa tayin dala miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, gami da kari da suka shafi aiki wanda zai iya kai jimillar ribar da ya samu zuwa dala miliyan 6. Díaz ya kasa sanya Club América ta cancanci zuwa Copa Libertadores . A farkon kakar wasa ta Clausura ta 2009, Díaz ya yi nasara a kan Santos Laguna 2-1, ya yi kunnen doki da Toluca 2-2, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Morelia 1-0 da kuma Pachuca 3-1. Bayan rashin nasara sau biyu a jere a gasar, kuma ƙungiyar tana matsayi na 12 a teburin gasar, an kore shi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Club America Sacks Diaz {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/114/mexico/2009/02/10/1103513/club-america-sacks-diaz |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa San Lorenzo === A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2010, shugaban San Lorenzo Savino ya bayyana a hukumance cewa an nada Díaz a matsayin manaja a karo na biyu, bayan ya amince da kwangilar shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2010 |title=Ramón Díaz acordó su regreso a San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz agreed to his return to San Lorenzo |url=https://www.clarin.com/ultimo-momento/ramon-diaz-acordo-regreso-san-lorenzo_0_BJXfLSL0pYg.html |website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zabe na tsakiyar tebur a Apertura na 2010, ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2011, yana mai cewa yana son "yaƙi don samun mukamai na farko". <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz renunció en San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz resigned at San Lorenzo |url=https://www.espn.com.ar/noticias/nota?s=arg&id=1280524&type=story |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ESPN |language=es}}</ref> === Independiente === A kan 12 Satumba 2011, Independiente ya hayar Díaz don maye gurbin Antonio Mohamed, wanda ya yi murabus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz es el nuevo técnico de Independiente |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new manager of Independiente |url=https://www.clarin.com/deportes/Ramon-Diaz-cerca-Independiente_0_S1eMA4phPQx.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris 2012, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a kulob din, wanda ya kasance yana fama da matsaloli kuma ya sami kansa a ƙarshen teburin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz quits Independiente {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/585/argentina/2012/03/05/2947124/ramon-diaz-quits-independiente |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Sihiri na uku a River Plate === A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2012, Díaz ya koma River Plate a karo na uku a matsayin manaja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz returns to River Plate after being appointed coach {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/4500/main/2012/11/30/3566344/ramon-diaz-hired-as-new-river-plate-coach |publisher=Goal}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar Torneo Final a shekarar 2014, sannan ya lashe gasar Superfinal a kan tsohuwar kungiyar San Lorenzo da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2014 |title=River Plate claim the Copa Campeonato with victory over San Lorenzo (VIDEO) |url=https://golazoargentino.com/2014/05/25/river-plate-claim-the-copa-campeonato-with-victory-over-san-lorenzo-video/}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2014, Díaz ya bar River Plate. <ref>[https://www.fourfourtwo.com/my/news/diaz-leaves-river-plate]{{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> === Tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay === [[Fayil:Ramón_Díaz_(25920994911)_(2).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Díaz a lokacin wani taron manema labarai a matsayin kocin Paraguay, a shekarar 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2014, Díaz ya zama kocin tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay . Ya ce: "Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da na fuskanta a rayuwata... Akwai aiki da yawa da zan yi". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2014 |title=Paraguay name Argentine Diaz as coach |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-paraguay-coach/paraguay-name-argentine-diaz-as-coach-idINKCN0JI2M120141204 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Babban gasarsa ta farko ita ce gasar Copa America ta 2015, inda wasansa na farko ya kasance da Argentina inda suka yi kunnen doki 2-2. Daga baya Paraguay ta doke Jamaica da ci 1-0 sannan ta yi kunnen doki 1-1 da Uruguay, inda ta kare a matsayi na biyu a rukuninsu. Paraguay ta yi nasara a wasan kusa da na karshe da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] da ci 1-1 (4-3 a bugun fenariti), amma ta sha kashi a hannun Argentina da ci 6-1 a wasan kusa da na karshe wanda hakan ya ba ta damar shiga zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai wanda suka sha kashi a hannun Peru da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya sanya Paraguay ta zama ta hudu a gasar Copa America. Ya kuma jagoranci ƙasar a gasar Copa América Centenario, inda aka fitar da Paraguay a matakin rukuni, ta hanyar yin kunnen doki da Costa Rica sannan aka sha kashi a hannun Colombia da ci 2-1 da kuma Amurka da ci 1-0. A ranar 12 ga Yuni 2016, bayan rashin nasara a gasar Copa América Centenario, Díaz ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan Paraguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paraguay manager Ramon Diaz resigns following Copa América elimination |url=http://www.espnfc.com/paraguay/story/2891510 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> === Al-Hilal === A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2016, an nada Ramón Díaz a matsayin manajan [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] bayan an kori tsohon manaja Gustavo Matosas <ref>{{Cite web |title=صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي رسميا .. الأرجنتيني رومان دياز مدربا للهلال - صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي |url=http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730235328/http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> tare da kwantiragin shekara guda. ==== kakar 2016–17 ==== [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5qx436dc4f7o6uu95jerdkth8rm6fjm 887783 887782 2026-07-26T15:51:15Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365053462|Ramón Díaz]]" 887783 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ramón Ángel Díaz''' ({{IPA|es|raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as}} ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Shi ne kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi da lashe kofuna 17, kocin na biyu mafi nasara a tarihin River Plate bayan Marcelo Gallardo da kuma kocin da ya fi samun nasara a gasar Primera División ta Argentina tare da Ángel Labruna . Díaz ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar River Plate da kuma tawagar kasar Argentina a matsayin dan wasan gaba, kuma ya horar da kungiyar sau uku, inda ya lashe kofuna takwas. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan ''El Pelado'' ("Baldy"). == Aikin kulob == === Farantin Kogi === [[Fayil:Ramon_diaz_elgrafico.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Díaz yana buga wa River Plate wasa a shekarar 1981]] An haife shi a La Rioja, Díaz ɗan wasan matasa ne na River Plate, kuma ya kasance abin jan hankali a ƙarƙashin manajan matasa Norberto Yácono . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko - Primera División - a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1978, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a kan Colón, yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wani tsari na daban yayin da 'yan wasan farko na ƙungiyar suka fita zuwa Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=El debut de Ramón Díaz hace 42 años: los grandes de gira y los juveniles en Primera |trans-title=The debut of Ramón Díaz 42 years ago: the greats on tour and the youth in ''Primera'' |url=https://lapaginamillonaria.com/riverplate/El-debut-de-Ramon-Diaz-hace-42-anos-los-grandes-de-gira-y-los-juveniles-en-Primera-20200813-0007.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=La Página Millonaria |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1978, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Quilmes . Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan farko a ƙungiyar, musamman inda ya zira kwallaye 22 a gasar a kakar wasa ta 1980 . === Italiya === A shekarar 1982, Díaz ya koma ƙasar waje a karon farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Serie A ta Italiya Napoli . Duk da kammala kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta daya a kulob din a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye takwas, kakar wasa ta Napoli ta kasance abin takaici yayin da suka kare a matsayi na 10, maki biyu kacal kafin su fadi daga gasar. A shekarar 1983, Díaz ya fara komawa Avellino a matsayin aro, inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya fara wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa uku da ya yi, kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a kakar wasa ta 1985-86 . A watan Yulin 1986, ya koma Fiorentina kan kuɗin lira biliyan 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1986 |title=Milan, debutto con show |trans-title=Milan, debut with a show |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1986/07/16/milan-debutto-con-show.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yulin 1988, Díaz ya amince da yarjejeniyar aro da Inter Milan a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Rabah Madjer]], wanda hakan ya gaza cimma burinsa na duba lafiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 1988 |title=Inter, Diaz batte Madjer... |trans-title=Inter, Díaz defeats Madjer... |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/07/21/inter-diaz-batte-madjer.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta bana, kasancewarsa na biyu mafi kyawun dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a kungiyar (bayan Aldo Serena ), Inter ba ta sayi shi ba, daga baya kuma Jürgen Klinsmann ya maye gurbinsa. === Komawa Monaco da River Plate da kuma yin ritaya === A shekarar 1989, Díaz ya koma kulob din Monaco na Faransa, kuma ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 1990-91 tare da kulob din. A shekarar 1991, ya koma kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi zura kwallaye a gasar Apertura ta 1991 . A ƙarshen aikinsa, Díaz shine Babban ɗan wasan J.League a shekarar 1993 tare da Yokohama Marinos a Japan, kuma shine ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Yokohama derby, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 a kan Yokohama Flügels . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Argentina_vs_urss_1979.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Diaz (da ƙwallon) yana bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] Díaz yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina wadda ta lashe gasar FIFA World Youth Championship a shekarar 1979, tare da [[Diego Maradona]] . Díaz da Maradona su ne ginshiƙin ƙungiyar da ke da ra'ayin kai hari, kuma tare suka zira kwallaye 14 cikin 20 na ƙungiyar (70%). Díaz ya zura kwallaye 8, inda ya lashe kyautar Golden Boot saboda kasancewarsa wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. Maradona ya zura kwallaye 6, inda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa. Daga nan Díaz ya ci gaba da buga wasa a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 1982|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1982]] kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] a wasan da Argentina ta sha kashi da ci 3-1. An yi ta rade-radin cewa shi da Maradona sun shiga cikin rikicin da ya hana Díaz bugawa Argentina wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. Duk da haka, Maradona ya musanta hakan a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ''Yo soy el Diego'', yana mai cewa ya shaida wa manajan Argentina na lokacin, Carlos Bilardo, cewa yana son Diaz ya kasance a cikin 'yan wasan da suka buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Ramon Angel Diaz |url=http://ramondiaz.com/en/biografia/ |website=Ramon Diaz.com}}</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == === Farantin Kogi === A shekarar 1995, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya maye gurbin Carlos Babington da aka kora; manufarsa a lokacin ita ce ya buga wa kulob din wasa kafin ya yi ritaya, amma shugaban Alfredo Davicce ya gayyace shi a matsayin manaja. Wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin kungiyar ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a Copa Libertadores da Vélez Sarsfield . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=La primera vez de Ramón Díaz como DT de River |trans-title=The first time of Ramón Díaz as manager of River |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/280846-la-primera-vez-de-ramon-diaz-como-dt-de-river |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya lashe gasar Libertadores ta 1996 da kuma Supercopa Libertadores ta 1997 tare da River, <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> baya ga kofunan lig guda hudu a kakarsa ta farko. Ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar a watan Fabrairun 2000, bayan rashin nasara a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Boca Juniors da ci 2-1, sannan kuma bayan ya yi jayayya da hukumar gudanarwar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2000 |title=A Ramón le dieron el toque |trans-title=They gave Ramón the touch |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-02/00-02-12/pag19.htm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2001, Díaz ya amince ya koma River, inda ya maye gurbin magajinsa Américo Gallego . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2001 |title=Ramón Díaz volvió a River |trans-title=Ramón Díaz returned to River |url=https://www.ambito.com/portada-principal/ramon-diaz-volvio-river-n3122681 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ámbito |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake lashe wani kofi na gasar ( Gasar Clausura ta 2002 ), amma Manuel Pellegrini ya maye gurbinsa a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2002, yayin da kulob din ya zabi kin sabunta kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2002 |title=Ramón Díaz deja River Plate |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves River Plate |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2002/05/20/futbol_internacional/1021915211.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |language=es}}</ref> === Oxford United === A ranar 9 ga Disamba 2004, Díaz ya maye gurbin Graham Rix a matsayin manajan kulob din [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] na Ingila na biyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2004 |title=Oxford name Diaz as new manager |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4082191.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin, Díaz ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa: "Ina son ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila kuma ina son in sami gogewa ta farko... Na ga abubuwa da yawa a talabijin... Haka kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a yi aiki a wannan matakin, domin ya bambanta da ƙwallon ƙafa a saman." An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa babu Díaz ko ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatansa biyar da ke ɗakin bayan gida da ke Oxford United ke biyansu albashi saboda ayyukansu. <ref name="Profile" /> A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2005, Díaz ya yi murabus daga Oxford bayan "tattaunawar da aka yi kan sabuwar kwangila ta wargaje". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2005 |title=Argentine Diaz leaves Oxford helm |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4514565.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === San Lorenzo === A ranar 24 ga Disamba 2006, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin San Lorenzo a kakar wasa mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=San Lorenzo appoint former U's boss Diaz |url=https://www.espnfc.com/story/397356/san-lorenzo-appoint-former-us-boss-diaz |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Clausura ta 2007, gasar da ta fara lashewa a cikin shekaru shida. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta San Lorenzo ta cancanci shiga gasar Copa Libertadores ta 2008, kungiyar Díaz ta sha kashi a hannun zakarun gasar LDU Quito a watan Mayu, kuma ya yi murabus daga kungiyar a ranar 28 ga Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2008 |title=Chau Ramón Díaz: renunció como DT de San Lorenzo |trans-title=Bye Ramón Díaz: resigned as manager of San Lorenzo |url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/deportes/chau-ramon-diaz-renuncio-como-dt-de-san-lorenzo-20080528-0028.phtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Perfil]] |language=es}}</ref> === Kulob ɗin Amurka === A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2008, an tabbatar da Diaz a matsayin sabon kocin Club América . Duk da cewa kulob din bai bayyana takamaiman bayanai game da kwantiragin Diaz ba, an ruwaito cewa an yi masa tayin dala miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, gami da kari da suka shafi aiki wanda zai iya kai jimillar ribar da ya samu zuwa dala miliyan 6. Díaz ya kasa sanya Club América ta cancanci zuwa Copa Libertadores . A farkon kakar wasa ta Clausura ta 2009, Díaz ya yi nasara a kan Santos Laguna 2-1, ya yi kunnen doki da Toluca 2-2, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Morelia 1-0 da kuma Pachuca 3-1. Bayan rashin nasara sau biyu a jere a gasar, kuma ƙungiyar tana matsayi na 12 a teburin gasar, an kore shi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Club America Sacks Diaz {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/114/mexico/2009/02/10/1103513/club-america-sacks-diaz |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa San Lorenzo === A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2010, shugaban San Lorenzo Savino ya bayyana a hukumance cewa an nada Díaz a matsayin manaja a karo na biyu, bayan ya amince da kwangilar shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2010 |title=Ramón Díaz acordó su regreso a San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz agreed to his return to San Lorenzo |url=https://www.clarin.com/ultimo-momento/ramon-diaz-acordo-regreso-san-lorenzo_0_BJXfLSL0pYg.html |website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zabe na tsakiyar tebur a Apertura na 2010, ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2011, yana mai cewa yana son "yaƙi don samun mukamai na farko". <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz renunció en San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz resigned at San Lorenzo |url=https://www.espn.com.ar/noticias/nota?s=arg&id=1280524&type=story |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ESPN |language=es}}</ref> === Independiente === A kan 12 Satumba 2011, Independiente ya hayar Díaz don maye gurbin Antonio Mohamed, wanda ya yi murabus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz es el nuevo técnico de Independiente |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new manager of Independiente |url=https://www.clarin.com/deportes/Ramon-Diaz-cerca-Independiente_0_S1eMA4phPQx.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris 2012, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a kulob din, wanda ya kasance yana fama da matsaloli kuma ya sami kansa a ƙarshen teburin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz quits Independiente {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/585/argentina/2012/03/05/2947124/ramon-diaz-quits-independiente |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Sihiri na uku a River Plate === A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2012, Díaz ya koma River Plate a karo na uku a matsayin manaja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz returns to River Plate after being appointed coach {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/4500/main/2012/11/30/3566344/ramon-diaz-hired-as-new-river-plate-coach |publisher=Goal}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar Torneo Final a shekarar 2014, sannan ya lashe gasar Superfinal a kan tsohuwar kungiyar San Lorenzo da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2014 |title=River Plate claim the Copa Campeonato with victory over San Lorenzo (VIDEO) |url=https://golazoargentino.com/2014/05/25/river-plate-claim-the-copa-campeonato-with-victory-over-san-lorenzo-video/}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2014, Díaz ya bar River Plate. <ref>[https://www.fourfourtwo.com/my/news/diaz-leaves-river-plate]{{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> === Tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay === [[Fayil:Ramón_Díaz_(25920994911)_(2).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Díaz a lokacin wani taron manema labarai a matsayin kocin Paraguay, a shekarar 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2014, Díaz ya zama kocin tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay . Ya ce: "Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da na fuskanta a rayuwata... Akwai aiki da yawa da zan yi". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2014 |title=Paraguay name Argentine Diaz as coach |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-paraguay-coach/paraguay-name-argentine-diaz-as-coach-idINKCN0JI2M120141204 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Babban gasarsa ta farko ita ce gasar Copa America ta 2015, inda wasansa na farko ya kasance da Argentina inda suka yi kunnen doki 2-2. Daga baya Paraguay ta doke Jamaica da ci 1-0 sannan ta yi kunnen doki 1-1 da Uruguay, inda ta kare a matsayi na biyu a rukuninsu. Paraguay ta yi nasara a wasan kusa da na karshe da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] da ci 1-1 (4-3 a bugun fenariti), amma ta sha kashi a hannun Argentina da ci 6-1 a wasan kusa da na karshe wanda hakan ya ba ta damar shiga zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai wanda suka sha kashi a hannun Peru da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya sanya Paraguay ta zama ta hudu a gasar Copa America. Ya kuma jagoranci ƙasar a gasar Copa América Centenario, inda aka fitar da Paraguay a matakin rukuni, ta hanyar yin kunnen doki da Costa Rica sannan aka sha kashi a hannun Colombia da ci 2-1 da kuma Amurka da ci 1-0. A ranar 12 ga Yuni 2016, bayan rashin nasara a gasar Copa América Centenario, Díaz ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan Paraguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paraguay manager Ramon Diaz resigns following Copa América elimination |url=http://www.espnfc.com/paraguay/story/2891510 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> === Al-Hilal === A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2016, an nada Ramón Díaz a matsayin manajan [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] bayan an kori tsohon manaja Gustavo Matosas <ref>{{Cite web |title=صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي رسميا .. الأرجنتيني رومان دياز مدربا للهلال - صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي |url=http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730235328/http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> tare da kwantiragin shekara guda. ==== kakar 2016–17 ==== Wasan farko da Ramón ya buga shine da Al-Fateh inda Al-Hilal ta yi nasara da ci 1-0. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, Rámon ya buga wasansa na farko mai muhimmanci da Al-Ahli inda suka yi nasara da ci 2-1. Ramón ya buga wasan daf da na Riyadh da [[Al-Nassr]] 1-1. Ramón ya yi nasara a kan Al-Taawon da ci 4-2. Ya yi nasara a kan Ittihad da ci 3-1. Ramón Diaz ya yi kunnen doki 0-0 da Al-Ahli, amma ya yi nasara a kan Al-Shabab da ci 2-1 don tabbatar da kambun gasar. Al-Hilal ta lashe gasar ne a hannun Al-Nassr a wasan da suka fafata a Riyadh Derby bayan ta yi nasara da ci 5-1 a gasar. Ramón Díaz ya sabunta kwangilarsa ta tsawon shekara guda akan dala miliyan 1.5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=أخبار الهلال ... حقيقة تجديد عقد رامون دياز مدرب الهلال - سبورت 360 عربية |url=https://arabic.sport360.com/article/الدوري-السعودي/نادي-الهلال/521321/أخبار-الهلال-حقيقة-تجديد-عقد-رامون-دياز-مدرب-الهلال/ |website=arabic.sport360.com}}</ref> Ramón ya zama na farko a gasar zakarun Turai bayan ya yi nasara a kan Al-Rayyan da ci 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=كووورة: الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول |url=https://m.kooora.com/?region=-6&team=144 |website=m.kooora.com}}</ref> Ramón ya sa Al-Hilal ta cancanci zuwa wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin King's bayan ta doke Al-Taawon da ci 3-4. Ramón Díaz ya lashe Kofin Sarki da Al-Ahli a wasan ƙarshe na 3–2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2017 |title=Al-Hilal wins King's Cup |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1101626/sports |website=Arab News}}</ref> Rámon Díaz ya lashe zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai a zagaye na farko da Esteghlal Khuzestan da ci 2-1. Díaz ya sake lashe zagaye na biyu da ci 2-1 [2-4 a kan AGG] wanda hakan ya sa Al-Hilal ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Hilal v Esteghlal Khuzestan Live Commentary & Result, 30/05/2017, AFC Champions League {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/match/al-hilal-v-esteghlal-khuzestan/auwlpkhlkmh8arcqeyx2o59t5 |publisher=Goal}}</ref> ==== kakar 2017–18 ==== A ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, Díaz ya sayi [[Mukhtar Fallatah]] don ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya fara zura kwallo a kakar wasa ta bana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رسميا.. مختار فلاتة هلالي - |url=http://prosports.mbc.net/ar/championships/jameel-league/articles/رسميا---مختار-فلاتة-هلالي.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606061015/http://prosports.mbc.net/ar/championships/jameel-league/articles/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7---%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A.html |archive-date=6 June 2017 |website=prosports.mbc.net}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yunin 2017, Ramòn Díaz ya sanya [[Umar Khribin|Omar Kharbin]] a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa bayan ya koma aro, inda aka biya shi dala miliyan 11 (Ryals miliyan 44) sannan ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu da Al-Hilal. A ranar 10 ga Janairu, Díaz ya sayi Ali Al Bulaihi kyauta daga Al-Fateh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=الهلال السعودي يعلن ضم مدافع الفتح |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=598356 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli, Al-Hilal ya sanya hannu kan Mohamed Kanno da Hasan Kadish daga Ettifaq . <ref>{{Cite web |last=نت |first=العربية |date=4 July 2017 |title=الهلال يضم محمد كنو وحسن كادش من الاتفاق |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/sport/saudi-sport/2017/07/04/الهلال-يضم-محمد-كنو-وحسن-كادش-من-الاتفاق.html |website=العربية نت}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, Díaz ya lashe wasan farko na kakar wasa da ci 2-1 da Al-Fayha, wanda ya fara buga gasar. A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, Ramón Díaz ya lashe wasansa na biyu a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kasance tsakaninsa da Al-Taawoun da ci 4-3. A ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, Díaz ya yi kunnen doki da Al- Hilal da ci 0-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=التعادل السلبي يحسم ذهاب قمة العين والهلال الآسيوية |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=615772 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba, Díaz ya sa Al-Hilal ta cancanci zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC bayan ta doke Al-Ain da ci 3-0. Bayan haka, ya ɗauki Gelmin Rivas don zama ɗan wasa na shida da ya yi rijista a ƙasar waje a kakar wasa ta 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=نت |first=العربية |date=11 September 2017 |title=الهلال يعزز خط هجومه بالفنزويلي ريفاس |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/sport/saudi-sport/2017/09/11/الفنزويلي-ريفاس-إلى-الهلال-.html |website=العربية نت}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Satumba, Ramón Díaz ya lashe wasa na uku a kakar wasa da Ohod da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رياضي / الهلال يفوز على أحد بهدف دون مقابل في الدوري السعودي وكالة الأنباء السعودية |url=http://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=ar&newsid=1666677}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Satumba, Al-Hilal ta yi kunnen doki da Al-Ittihad da ci 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2017 |title=بالفيديو : الهلال يتعادل مع الاتحاد بهدفٍ لكلٍ منهما • صحيفة المرصد |url=https://al-marsd.com/158337.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730085422/https://al-marsd.com/158337.html |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=30 July 2019}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, Diaz ya sanya Al-Hilal ta lashe gasar Riyadh Derby da [[Al-Nassr]] . A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, Díaz da tawagarsa sun yi kunnen doki a zagaye na farko na wasan karshe na gasar zakarun AFC da Urawa Red Diamonds 1-1 a Riyadh. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, sun sha kashi a karo na biyu da ci 1-0 wanda hakan ya sa suka zama na biyu a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McKirdy |first=Andrew |date=25 November 2017 |title=Urawa Reds clinch Asian Champions League title on late goal against Al Hilal |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2017/11/25/soccer/urawa-reds-clinch-asian-champions-league-title-late-goal-al-hilal/ |via=Japan Times Online}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, ya jagoranci tawagarsa wajen yin nasara a kan Al-Ahli da ci 2-0. A ranar 17 ga Disamba, Díaz da tawagarsa sun sha kashi a wasansu na farko a gasar da Al-Fayha da ci 2-1. Bayan haka, Diaz ya yi nasara a kan Ohod da ci 4-1. A ranar 20 ga Janairu, Al-Hilal ta sha kashi a hannun Al-Qadisyah a zagaye na 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2018 |title=بعد خروج الهلال من كأس الملك.. مغردون: سامي الجابر مطلب هلالي |url=https://www.almowaten.net/2018/01/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%a3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83-%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b3%d8%a7/ |website=صحيفة المواطن الإلكترونية}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, Al-Hilal ta yi canjaras a wasanta na farko a sabon filin wasanta na King Saud University Stadium da Al-Ain 0-0 a gasar zakarun Turai. A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, Al-Hilal ta sha kashi a hannun Esteghlal da ci 1-0 a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Oman. A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 2018, Al-Hilal ta kori Díaz saboda rashin kyawun aikinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2018 |title=Saudi giants Al Hilal sack Ramon Diaz |url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/afc-champions-league/802868/saudi-giants-al-hilal-sack-ramon-diaz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006221730/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/afc-champions-league/802868/saudi-giants-al-hilal-sack-ramon-diaz/ |archive-date=6 October 2019 |access-date=21 February 2018 |website=FOX Sports Asia}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rk88xpky5r7o4dyy1es453nmebaxpcj 887784 887783 2026-07-26T15:53:04Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365053462|Ramón Díaz]]" 887784 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ramón Ángel Díaz''' ({{IPA|es|raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as}} ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Shi ne kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi da lashe kofuna 17, kocin na biyu mafi nasara a tarihin River Plate bayan Marcelo Gallardo da kuma kocin da ya fi samun nasara a gasar Primera División ta Argentina tare da Ángel Labruna . Díaz ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar River Plate da kuma tawagar kasar Argentina a matsayin dan wasan gaba, kuma ya horar da kungiyar sau uku, inda ya lashe kofuna takwas. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan ''El Pelado'' ("Baldy"). == Aikin kulob == === Farantin Kogi === [[Fayil:Ramon_diaz_elgrafico.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Díaz yana buga wa River Plate wasa a shekarar 1981]] An haife shi a La Rioja, Díaz ɗan wasan matasa ne na River Plate, kuma ya kasance abin jan hankali a ƙarƙashin manajan matasa Norberto Yácono . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko - Primera División - a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1978, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a kan Colón, yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wani tsari na daban yayin da 'yan wasan farko na ƙungiyar suka fita zuwa Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=El debut de Ramón Díaz hace 42 años: los grandes de gira y los juveniles en Primera |trans-title=The debut of Ramón Díaz 42 years ago: the greats on tour and the youth in ''Primera'' |url=https://lapaginamillonaria.com/riverplate/El-debut-de-Ramon-Diaz-hace-42-anos-los-grandes-de-gira-y-los-juveniles-en-Primera-20200813-0007.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=La Página Millonaria |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1978, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Quilmes . Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan farko a ƙungiyar, musamman inda ya zira kwallaye 22 a gasar a kakar wasa ta 1980 . === Italiya === A shekarar 1982, Díaz ya koma ƙasar waje a karon farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Serie A ta Italiya Napoli . Duk da kammala kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta daya a kulob din a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye takwas, kakar wasa ta Napoli ta kasance abin takaici yayin da suka kare a matsayi na 10, maki biyu kacal kafin su fadi daga gasar. A shekarar 1983, Díaz ya fara komawa Avellino a matsayin aro, inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya fara wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa uku da ya yi, kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a kakar wasa ta 1985-86 . A watan Yulin 1986, ya koma Fiorentina kan kuɗin lira biliyan 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1986 |title=Milan, debutto con show |trans-title=Milan, debut with a show |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1986/07/16/milan-debutto-con-show.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yulin 1988, Díaz ya amince da yarjejeniyar aro da Inter Milan a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Rabah Madjer]], wanda hakan ya gaza cimma burinsa na duba lafiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 1988 |title=Inter, Diaz batte Madjer... |trans-title=Inter, Díaz defeats Madjer... |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/07/21/inter-diaz-batte-madjer.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta bana, kasancewarsa na biyu mafi kyawun dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a kungiyar (bayan Aldo Serena ), Inter ba ta sayi shi ba, daga baya kuma Jürgen Klinsmann ya maye gurbinsa. === Komawa Monaco da River Plate da kuma yin ritaya === A shekarar 1989, Díaz ya koma kulob din Monaco na Faransa, kuma ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 1990-91 tare da kulob din. A shekarar 1991, ya koma kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi zura kwallaye a gasar Apertura ta 1991 . A ƙarshen aikinsa, Díaz shine Babban ɗan wasan J.League a shekarar 1993 tare da Yokohama Marinos a Japan, kuma shine ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Yokohama derby, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 a kan Yokohama Flügels . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Argentina_vs_urss_1979.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Diaz (da ƙwallon) yana bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] Díaz yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina wadda ta lashe gasar FIFA World Youth Championship a shekarar 1979, tare da [[Diego Maradona]] . Díaz da Maradona su ne ginshiƙin ƙungiyar da ke da ra'ayin kai hari, kuma tare suka zira kwallaye 14 cikin 20 na ƙungiyar (70%). Díaz ya zura kwallaye 8, inda ya lashe kyautar Golden Boot saboda kasancewarsa wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. Maradona ya zura kwallaye 6, inda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa. Daga nan Díaz ya ci gaba da buga wasa a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 1982|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1982]] kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] a wasan da Argentina ta sha kashi da ci 3-1. An yi ta rade-radin cewa shi da Maradona sun shiga cikin rikicin da ya hana Díaz bugawa Argentina wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. Duk da haka, Maradona ya musanta hakan a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ''Yo soy el Diego'', yana mai cewa ya shaida wa manajan Argentina na lokacin, Carlos Bilardo, cewa yana son Diaz ya kasance a cikin 'yan wasan da suka buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Ramon Angel Diaz |url=http://ramondiaz.com/en/biografia/ |website=Ramon Diaz.com}}</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == === Farantin Kogi === A shekarar 1995, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya maye gurbin Carlos Babington da aka kora; manufarsa a lokacin ita ce ya buga wa kulob din wasa kafin ya yi ritaya, amma shugaban Alfredo Davicce ya gayyace shi a matsayin manaja. Wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin kungiyar ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a Copa Libertadores da Vélez Sarsfield . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=La primera vez de Ramón Díaz como DT de River |trans-title=The first time of Ramón Díaz as manager of River |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/280846-la-primera-vez-de-ramon-diaz-como-dt-de-river |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya lashe gasar Libertadores ta 1996 da kuma Supercopa Libertadores ta 1997 tare da River, <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> baya ga kofunan lig guda hudu a kakarsa ta farko. Ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar a watan Fabrairun 2000, bayan rashin nasara a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Boca Juniors da ci 2-1, sannan kuma bayan ya yi jayayya da hukumar gudanarwar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2000 |title=A Ramón le dieron el toque |trans-title=They gave Ramón the touch |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-02/00-02-12/pag19.htm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2001, Díaz ya amince ya koma River, inda ya maye gurbin magajinsa Américo Gallego . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2001 |title=Ramón Díaz volvió a River |trans-title=Ramón Díaz returned to River |url=https://www.ambito.com/portada-principal/ramon-diaz-volvio-river-n3122681 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ámbito |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake lashe wani kofi na gasar ( Gasar Clausura ta 2002 ), amma Manuel Pellegrini ya maye gurbinsa a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2002, yayin da kulob din ya zabi kin sabunta kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2002 |title=Ramón Díaz deja River Plate |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves River Plate |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2002/05/20/futbol_internacional/1021915211.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |language=es}}</ref> === Oxford United === A ranar 9 ga Disamba 2004, Díaz ya maye gurbin Graham Rix a matsayin manajan kulob din [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] na Ingila na biyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2004 |title=Oxford name Diaz as new manager |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4082191.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin, Díaz ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa: "Ina son ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila kuma ina son in sami gogewa ta farko... Na ga abubuwa da yawa a talabijin... Haka kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a yi aiki a wannan matakin, domin ya bambanta da ƙwallon ƙafa a saman." An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa babu Díaz ko ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatansa biyar da ke ɗakin bayan gida da ke Oxford United ke biyansu albashi saboda ayyukansu. <ref name="Profile" /> A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2005, Díaz ya yi murabus daga Oxford bayan "tattaunawar da aka yi kan sabuwar kwangila ta wargaje". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2005 |title=Argentine Diaz leaves Oxford helm |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4514565.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === San Lorenzo === A ranar 24 ga Disamba 2006, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin San Lorenzo a kakar wasa mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=San Lorenzo appoint former U's boss Diaz |url=https://www.espnfc.com/story/397356/san-lorenzo-appoint-former-us-boss-diaz |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Clausura ta 2007, gasar da ta fara lashewa a cikin shekaru shida. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta San Lorenzo ta cancanci shiga gasar Copa Libertadores ta 2008, kungiyar Díaz ta sha kashi a hannun zakarun gasar LDU Quito a watan Mayu, kuma ya yi murabus daga kungiyar a ranar 28 ga Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2008 |title=Chau Ramón Díaz: renunció como DT de San Lorenzo |trans-title=Bye Ramón Díaz: resigned as manager of San Lorenzo |url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/deportes/chau-ramon-diaz-renuncio-como-dt-de-san-lorenzo-20080528-0028.phtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Perfil]] |language=es}}</ref> === Kulob ɗin Amurka === A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2008, an tabbatar da Diaz a matsayin sabon kocin Club América . Duk da cewa kulob din bai bayyana takamaiman bayanai game da kwantiragin Diaz ba, an ruwaito cewa an yi masa tayin dala miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, gami da kari da suka shafi aiki wanda zai iya kai jimillar ribar da ya samu zuwa dala miliyan 6. Díaz ya kasa sanya Club América ta cancanci zuwa Copa Libertadores . A farkon kakar wasa ta Clausura ta 2009, Díaz ya yi nasara a kan Santos Laguna 2-1, ya yi kunnen doki da Toluca 2-2, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Morelia 1-0 da kuma Pachuca 3-1. Bayan rashin nasara sau biyu a jere a gasar, kuma ƙungiyar tana matsayi na 12 a teburin gasar, an kore shi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Club America Sacks Diaz {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/114/mexico/2009/02/10/1103513/club-america-sacks-diaz |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa San Lorenzo === A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2010, shugaban San Lorenzo Savino ya bayyana a hukumance cewa an nada Díaz a matsayin manaja a karo na biyu, bayan ya amince da kwangilar shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2010 |title=Ramón Díaz acordó su regreso a San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz agreed to his return to San Lorenzo |url=https://www.clarin.com/ultimo-momento/ramon-diaz-acordo-regreso-san-lorenzo_0_BJXfLSL0pYg.html |website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zabe na tsakiyar tebur a Apertura na 2010, ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2011, yana mai cewa yana son "yaƙi don samun mukamai na farko". <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz renunció en San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz resigned at San Lorenzo |url=https://www.espn.com.ar/noticias/nota?s=arg&id=1280524&type=story |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ESPN |language=es}}</ref> === Independiente === A kan 12 Satumba 2011, Independiente ya hayar Díaz don maye gurbin Antonio Mohamed, wanda ya yi murabus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz es el nuevo técnico de Independiente |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new manager of Independiente |url=https://www.clarin.com/deportes/Ramon-Diaz-cerca-Independiente_0_S1eMA4phPQx.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris 2012, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a kulob din, wanda ya kasance yana fama da matsaloli kuma ya sami kansa a ƙarshen teburin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz quits Independiente {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/585/argentina/2012/03/05/2947124/ramon-diaz-quits-independiente |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Sihiri na uku a River Plate === A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2012, Díaz ya koma River Plate a karo na uku a matsayin manaja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz returns to River Plate after being appointed coach {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/4500/main/2012/11/30/3566344/ramon-diaz-hired-as-new-river-plate-coach |publisher=Goal}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar Torneo Final a shekarar 2014, sannan ya lashe gasar Superfinal a kan tsohuwar kungiyar San Lorenzo da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2014 |title=River Plate claim the Copa Campeonato with victory over San Lorenzo (VIDEO) |url=https://golazoargentino.com/2014/05/25/river-plate-claim-the-copa-campeonato-with-victory-over-san-lorenzo-video/}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2014, Díaz ya bar River Plate. <ref>[https://www.fourfourtwo.com/my/news/diaz-leaves-river-plate]{{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> === Tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay === [[Fayil:Ramón_Díaz_(25920994911)_(2).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Díaz a lokacin wani taron manema labarai a matsayin kocin Paraguay, a shekarar 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2014, Díaz ya zama kocin tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay . Ya ce: "Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da na fuskanta a rayuwata... Akwai aiki da yawa da zan yi". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2014 |title=Paraguay name Argentine Diaz as coach |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-paraguay-coach/paraguay-name-argentine-diaz-as-coach-idINKCN0JI2M120141204 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Babban gasarsa ta farko ita ce gasar Copa America ta 2015, inda wasansa na farko ya kasance da Argentina inda suka yi kunnen doki 2-2. Daga baya Paraguay ta doke Jamaica da ci 1-0 sannan ta yi kunnen doki 1-1 da Uruguay, inda ta kare a matsayi na biyu a rukuninsu. Paraguay ta yi nasara a wasan kusa da na karshe da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] da ci 1-1 (4-3 a bugun fenariti), amma ta sha kashi a hannun Argentina da ci 6-1 a wasan kusa da na karshe wanda hakan ya ba ta damar shiga zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai wanda suka sha kashi a hannun Peru da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya sanya Paraguay ta zama ta hudu a gasar Copa America. Ya kuma jagoranci ƙasar a gasar Copa América Centenario, inda aka fitar da Paraguay a matakin rukuni, ta hanyar yin kunnen doki da Costa Rica sannan aka sha kashi a hannun Colombia da ci 2-1 da kuma Amurka da ci 1-0. A ranar 12 ga Yuni 2016, bayan rashin nasara a gasar Copa América Centenario, Díaz ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan Paraguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paraguay manager Ramon Diaz resigns following Copa América elimination |url=http://www.espnfc.com/paraguay/story/2891510 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> === Al-Hilal === A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2016, an nada Ramón Díaz a matsayin manajan [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] bayan an kori tsohon manaja Gustavo Matosas <ref>{{Cite web |title=صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي رسميا .. الأرجنتيني رومان دياز مدربا للهلال - صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي |url=http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730235328/http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> tare da kwantiragin shekara guda. ==== kakar 2016–17 ==== Wasan farko da Ramón ya buga shine da Al-Fateh inda Al-Hilal ta yi nasara da ci 1-0. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, Rámon ya buga wasansa na farko mai muhimmanci da Al-Ahli inda suka yi nasara da ci 2-1. Ramón ya buga wasan daf da na Riyadh da [[Al-Nassr]] 1-1. Ramón ya yi nasara a kan Al-Taawon da ci 4-2. Ya yi nasara a kan Ittihad da ci 3-1. Ramón Diaz ya yi kunnen doki 0-0 da Al-Ahli, amma ya yi nasara a kan Al-Shabab da ci 2-1 don tabbatar da kambun gasar. Al-Hilal ta lashe gasar ne a hannun Al-Nassr a wasan da suka fafata a Riyadh Derby bayan ta yi nasara da ci 5-1 a gasar. Ramón Díaz ya sabunta kwangilarsa ta tsawon shekara guda akan dala miliyan 1.5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=أخبار الهلال ... حقيقة تجديد عقد رامون دياز مدرب الهلال - سبورت 360 عربية |url=https://arabic.sport360.com/article/الدوري-السعودي/نادي-الهلال/521321/أخبار-الهلال-حقيقة-تجديد-عقد-رامون-دياز-مدرب-الهلال/ |website=arabic.sport360.com}}</ref> Ramón ya zama na farko a gasar zakarun Turai bayan ya yi nasara a kan Al-Rayyan da ci 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=كووورة: الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول |url=https://m.kooora.com/?region=-6&team=144 |website=m.kooora.com}}</ref> Ramón ya sa Al-Hilal ta cancanci zuwa wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin King's bayan ta doke Al-Taawon da ci 3-4. Ramón Díaz ya lashe Kofin Sarki da Al-Ahli a wasan ƙarshe na 3–2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2017 |title=Al-Hilal wins King's Cup |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1101626/sports |website=Arab News}}</ref> Rámon Díaz ya lashe zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai a zagaye na farko da Esteghlal Khuzestan da ci 2-1. Díaz ya sake lashe zagaye na biyu da ci 2-1 [2-4 a kan AGG] wanda hakan ya sa Al-Hilal ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Hilal v Esteghlal Khuzestan Live Commentary & Result, 30/05/2017, AFC Champions League {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/match/al-hilal-v-esteghlal-khuzestan/auwlpkhlkmh8arcqeyx2o59t5 |publisher=Goal}}</ref> ==== kakar 2017–18 ==== A ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, Díaz ya sayi [[Mukhtar Fallatah]] don ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya fara zura kwallo a kakar wasa ta bana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رسميا.. مختار فلاتة هلالي - |url=http://prosports.mbc.net/ar/championships/jameel-league/articles/رسميا---مختار-فلاتة-هلالي.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606061015/http://prosports.mbc.net/ar/championships/jameel-league/articles/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7---%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A.html |archive-date=6 June 2017 |website=prosports.mbc.net}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yunin 2017, Ramòn Díaz ya sanya [[Umar Khribin|Omar Kharbin]] a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa bayan ya koma aro, inda aka biya shi dala miliyan 11 (Ryals miliyan 44) sannan ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu da Al-Hilal. A ranar 10 ga Janairu, Díaz ya sayi Ali Al Bulaihi kyauta daga Al-Fateh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=الهلال السعودي يعلن ضم مدافع الفتح |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=598356 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli, Al-Hilal ya sanya hannu kan Mohamed Kanno da Hasan Kadish daga Ettifaq . <ref>{{Cite web |last=نت |first=العربية |date=4 July 2017 |title=الهلال يضم محمد كنو وحسن كادش من الاتفاق |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/sport/saudi-sport/2017/07/04/الهلال-يضم-محمد-كنو-وحسن-كادش-من-الاتفاق.html |website=العربية نت}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, Díaz ya lashe wasan farko na kakar wasa da ci 2-1 da Al-Fayha, wanda ya fara buga gasar. A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, Ramón Díaz ya lashe wasansa na biyu a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kasance tsakaninsa da Al-Taawoun da ci 4-3. A ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, Díaz ya yi kunnen doki da Al- Hilal da ci 0-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=التعادل السلبي يحسم ذهاب قمة العين والهلال الآسيوية |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=615772 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba, Díaz ya sa Al-Hilal ta cancanci zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC bayan ta doke Al-Ain da ci 3-0. Bayan haka, ya ɗauki Gelmin Rivas don zama ɗan wasa na shida da ya yi rijista a ƙasar waje a kakar wasa ta 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=نت |first=العربية |date=11 September 2017 |title=الهلال يعزز خط هجومه بالفنزويلي ريفاس |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/sport/saudi-sport/2017/09/11/الفنزويلي-ريفاس-إلى-الهلال-.html |website=العربية نت}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Satumba, Ramón Díaz ya lashe wasa na uku a kakar wasa da Ohod da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رياضي / الهلال يفوز على أحد بهدف دون مقابل في الدوري السعودي وكالة الأنباء السعودية |url=http://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=ar&newsid=1666677}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Satumba, Al-Hilal ta yi kunnen doki da Al-Ittihad da ci 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2017 |title=بالفيديو : الهلال يتعادل مع الاتحاد بهدفٍ لكلٍ منهما • صحيفة المرصد |url=https://al-marsd.com/158337.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730085422/https://al-marsd.com/158337.html |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=30 July 2019}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, Diaz ya sanya Al-Hilal ta lashe gasar Riyadh Derby da [[Al-Nassr]] . A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, Díaz da tawagarsa sun yi kunnen doki a zagaye na farko na wasan karshe na gasar zakarun AFC da Urawa Red Diamonds 1-1 a Riyadh. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, sun sha kashi a karo na biyu da ci 1-0 wanda hakan ya sa suka zama na biyu a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McKirdy |first=Andrew |date=25 November 2017 |title=Urawa Reds clinch Asian Champions League title on late goal against Al Hilal |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2017/11/25/soccer/urawa-reds-clinch-asian-champions-league-title-late-goal-al-hilal/ |via=Japan Times Online}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, ya jagoranci tawagarsa wajen yin nasara a kan Al-Ahli da ci 2-0. A ranar 17 ga Disamba, Díaz da tawagarsa sun sha kashi a wasansu na farko a gasar da Al-Fayha da ci 2-1. Bayan haka, Diaz ya yi nasara a kan Ohod da ci 4-1. A ranar 20 ga Janairu, Al-Hilal ta sha kashi a hannun Al-Qadisyah a zagaye na 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2018 |title=بعد خروج الهلال من كأس الملك.. مغردون: سامي الجابر مطلب هلالي |url=https://www.almowaten.net/2018/01/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%a3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83-%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b3%d8%a7/ |website=صحيفة المواطن الإلكترونية}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, Al-Hilal ta yi canjaras a wasanta na farko a sabon filin wasanta na King Saud University Stadium da Al-Ain 0-0 a gasar zakarun Turai. A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, Al-Hilal ta sha kashi a hannun Esteghlal da ci 1-0 a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Oman. A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 2018, Al-Hilal ta kori Díaz saboda rashin kyawun aikinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2018 |title=Saudi giants Al Hilal sack Ramon Diaz |url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/afc-champions-league/802868/saudi-giants-al-hilal-sack-ramon-diaz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006221730/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/afc-champions-league/802868/saudi-giants-al-hilal-sack-ramon-diaz/ |archive-date=6 October 2019 |access-date=21 February 2018 |website=FOX Sports Asia}}</ref> === Dala === A ranar 26 ga Janairun 2019, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kungiyar Pyramids FC ta Masar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Ramón Díaz, nuevo entrenador de Pyramids de Egipto |trans-title=Ramón Díaz, new manager of Pyramids from Egypt |url=https://argentina.as.com/argentina/2019/01/26/futbol/1548531978_523050.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Diario AS]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar a ranar 27 ga Mayu, bayan wasanni 12 kacal. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2019 |title=Ramón Díaz se desvinculó de Pyramids de Egipto |trans-title=Ramón Díaz left Pyramids from Egypt |url=https://www.tycsports.com/futbol-internacional/ramon-diaz-se-desvinculo-de-pyramids-de-egipto-20190527.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[TyC Sports]] |language=es}}</ref> === Libertad === A ranar 17 ga Disamba 2019, an sanar da Díaz a matsayin manajan Libertad, inda ya koma Paraguay bayan fiye da shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2019 |title=Libertad anuncia a Ramón Díaz como DT |trans-title=Libertad announce Ramón Díaz as manager |url=http://www.tigosports.com.py/futbol/libertad-anuncia-ramon-diaz-como-dt |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=Tigo Sports |language=es}}</ref> Ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2020, bayan rashin kyawun yanayin da kulob din ke ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2020 |title=Ramón Díaz deja Libertad |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves Libertad |url=https://www.hoy.com.py/deportes/ramon-diaz-deja-libertad |publisher=HOY |language=es}}</ref> === Botafogo === A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2020, an nada Díaz babban kocin na Serie A side Botafogo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=Novo técnico do Botafogo, Ramón Díaz desembarca no Rio de Janeiro |trans-title=New manager of Botafogo, Ramón Díaz set foot in Rio de Janeiro |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/botafogo/noticia/novo-tecnico-do-botafogo-ramon-diaz-desembarca-no-rio-de-janeiro.ghtml |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=GloboEsporte.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Daga baya ya koma ƙasarsa don yin tiyatar gaggawa don cire wani ƙari, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2020 |title=Botafogo: Ramón Díaz retirou tumor benigno em cirurgia de emergência e seguirá recuperação no Paraguai |trans-title=Botafogo: Ramón Díaz removed benign tumor in emergency surgery and will be recovering in Paraguay |url=https://www.espn.com.br/futebol/artigo/_/id/7747335/botafogo-ramon-diaz-retirou-tumor-benigno-em-cirurgia-de-emergencia-e-seguira-recuperacao-no-paraguai |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=[[ESPN Brasil]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> kuma rashin lafiyarsa ta daɗe saboda yanayin asibiti. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2020, Botafogo ya sanar da ficewar Díaz da ma'aikatansa daga ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2020 |title=Nota oficial |trans-title=Official note |url=https://botafogo.com.br/ler-noticia.php?cod=6051 |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=Botafogo FR |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar ba tare da ya jagoranci wasa ɗaya ba a gare su, domin wasanni uku da suka buga a lokacin (duk rashin nasara) mataimakinsa da ɗansa Emiliano Díaz ne suka jagoranci su. === Al Nassr === A watan Fabrairun 2021, Díaz ya amince da kwangilar da zai daɗe har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz lands at Al Nasr and probable Shoya Nakajima bow set to light up AGL MW15 |url=https://sport360.com/article/football/arabian-gulf-league/345813/ramon-diaz-lands-at-al-nasr-and-probable-shoya-nakajima-bow-set-to-light-up-agl-mw15 |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=sport360}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=رسميا..النصر يقيل كرونوسلاف والأرجنتيني دياز بديلا |url=https://www.albayan.ae/sports/emirates/2021-02-04-1.4083646 |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=albayan |language=ar}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar kimanin shekara guda bayan haka, bayan rashin kyawun tsarin gasar. === Komawa zuwa Al Hilal === A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2022, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin sabon kocin ƙungiyar [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] ta Saudi Professional League har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. <ref name="youngplayer">{{Cite tweet|user=Alhilal_EN|title=📃DIAZ to coach #AlHilal 💙|date=14 February 2022|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka, daga baya ya jagoranci Al Hilal ta doke Flamengo da ci 3-2 a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2023 |title=Al-Hilal record historic victory over Flamengo and could be Real Madrid's opponents in the Club World Cup final |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/cronica/2023/02/07/63e2c348ca47414e6c8b4567.html |publisher=Marca}}</ref> kafin ta sha kashi a wasan karshe da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] da ci 3-5. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2023 |title=Real Madrid 5-3 Al Hilal: Los Blancos score five in eight-goal thriller to win Club World Cup |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/club-world-cup/2022/real-madrid-v-al-hilal-club-world-cup-final-live_sto9381593/story.shtml |publisher=Eurosport}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun AFC ta 2022, ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 2-1 a jimilla a hannun Urawa Red Diamonds a karo na biyu bayan 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2023 |title=Urawa Red Diamonds beat Al-Hilal to win AFC Champions League |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en/football/video/urawa-red-diamonds-beat-al-hilal-to-win-afc-c/2085186 |publisher=beIN SPORTS}}</ref> Bayan ya lashe gasar cin kofin King Cup da Al-Wehda a watan Mayun 2023, Díaz ya yanke shawarar sauka daga mukaminsa ya koma kasarsa, domin ya kasance tare da iyalansa bayan mutuwar matarsa watanni biyu da suka gabata a hatsarin mota; a halin yanzu, dansa Emiliano ya zama manajan rikon kwarya na kungiyar har tsawon sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2023 |title=Ramon Diaz thanks Al Hilal 'for everything' as he leaves club for personal reasons |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2023/05/15/ramon-diaz-thanks-al-hilal-for-everything-as-he-leaves-club-for-personal-reasons/ |publisher=The National News}}</ref> === Vasco da Gama === A ranar 15 ga Yuli 2023, Díaz ya koma Brazil bayan an sanar da shi a matsayin babban kocin Vasco da Gama a matakin farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=Vasco anuncia contratação do técnico Ramón Díaz |trans-title=Vasco announce signing of head coach Ramón Díaz |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2023/07/15/vasco-anuncia-contratacao-do-tecnico-ramon-diaz.ghtml |access-date=15 July 2023 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya yi nasarar kaucewa faduwa daga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai da ƙungiyar a zagaye na ƙarshe na gasar Série A ta 2023, kuma ya sabunta kwangilarsa har zuwa 2025 a ranar 15 ga Disamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2023 |title=Vasco acerta renovação de Ramón Díaz até 2025 |trans-title=Vasco agree renewal of Ramón Díaz until 2025 |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2023/12/15/vasco-acerta-renovacao-de-ramon-diaz-ate-2025.ghtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2024, Vasco ta kori Díaz bayan ta sha kashi 4-0 a hannun Criciúma ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2024 |title=Ramón Díaz é demitido do Vasco |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is sacked from Vasco |url=https://www.band.uol.com.br/esportes/ramon-diaz-e-demitido-do-vasco-16685180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427225123/https://www.band.uol.com.br/esportes/ramon-diaz-e-demitido-do-vasco-16685180 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=[[Rede Bandeirantes]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> duk da cewa kafofin watsa labarai na Brazil sun ce ya yi murabus jim kaɗan bayan wasan, Díaz da ɗansa sun bayyana cewa an "kore su ta hanyar [[Twitter]] ". === Korintiyawa === A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, an sanar da Díaz a matsayin babban kocin Corinthians kan kwantiraginsa har zuwa Disamba 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2024 |title=Ramón Díaz é o novo treinador do Corinthians |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new head coach of Corinthians |url=https://www.corinthians.com.br/noticias/ramon-diaz-e-o-novo-treinador-do-corinthians |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=SC Corinthians Paulista |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa ga lashe gasar Campeonato Paulista ta 2025 a kan abokan hamayyarta Palmeiras, inda ya lashe kofi na 17 a tarihin aikinsa na koci, sannan ya zarce Helenio Herrera a matsayin kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2025 |title=Ramón vira técnico argentino com mais títulos na história após o Paulistão |trans-title=Ramón becomes the Argentine coach with the most titles in history after the ''Paulistão'' |url=https://www.uol.com.br/esporte/futebol/ultimas-noticias/2025/03/28/titulo-no-corinthians-faz-ramon-diaz-virar-tecnico-argentino-mais-vencedor.htm |publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL Esporte]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Amma a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 2025, ƙungiyar ta kori Díaz bayan rashin nasara a gida da ci 2-0 a hannun Fluminense . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2025 |title=Ramón Díaz deixa o comando técnico do Corinthians |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves the technical command of Corinthians |url=https://www.corinthians.com.br/noticias/ramon-diaz-deixa-o-comando-tecnico-do-corinthians |access-date=17 April 2025 |publisher=SC Corinthians Paulista |language=pt-BR}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ki7nnzqyhfajudpu5w9pw7y28aq2600 887785 887784 2026-07-26T15:57:17Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365053462|Ramón Díaz]]" 887785 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ramón Ángel Díaz''' ({{IPA|es|raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as}} ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Shi ne kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi da lashe kofuna 17, kocin na biyu mafi nasara a tarihin River Plate bayan Marcelo Gallardo da kuma kocin da ya fi samun nasara a gasar Primera División ta Argentina tare da Ángel Labruna . Díaz ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar River Plate da kuma tawagar kasar Argentina a matsayin dan wasan gaba, kuma ya horar da kungiyar sau uku, inda ya lashe kofuna takwas. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan ''El Pelado'' ("Baldy"). == Aikin kulob == === Farantin Kogi === [[Fayil:Ramon_diaz_elgrafico.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Díaz yana buga wa River Plate wasa a shekarar 1981]] An haife shi a La Rioja, Díaz ɗan wasan matasa ne na River Plate, kuma ya kasance abin jan hankali a ƙarƙashin manajan matasa Norberto Yácono . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko - Primera División - a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1978, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a kan Colón, yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wani tsari na daban yayin da 'yan wasan farko na ƙungiyar suka fita zuwa Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=El debut de Ramón Díaz hace 42 años: los grandes de gira y los juveniles en Primera |trans-title=The debut of Ramón Díaz 42 years ago: the greats on tour and the youth in ''Primera'' |url=https://lapaginamillonaria.com/riverplate/El-debut-de-Ramon-Diaz-hace-42-anos-los-grandes-de-gira-y-los-juveniles-en-Primera-20200813-0007.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=La Página Millonaria |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1978, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Quilmes . Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan farko a ƙungiyar, musamman inda ya zira kwallaye 22 a gasar a kakar wasa ta 1980 . === Italiya === A shekarar 1982, Díaz ya koma ƙasar waje a karon farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Serie A ta Italiya Napoli . Duk da kammala kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta daya a kulob din a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye takwas, kakar wasa ta Napoli ta kasance abin takaici yayin da suka kare a matsayi na 10, maki biyu kacal kafin su fadi daga gasar. A shekarar 1983, Díaz ya fara komawa Avellino a matsayin aro, inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya fara wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa uku da ya yi, kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a kakar wasa ta 1985-86 . A watan Yulin 1986, ya koma Fiorentina kan kuɗin lira biliyan 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1986 |title=Milan, debutto con show |trans-title=Milan, debut with a show |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1986/07/16/milan-debutto-con-show.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yulin 1988, Díaz ya amince da yarjejeniyar aro da Inter Milan a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Rabah Madjer]], wanda hakan ya gaza cimma burinsa na duba lafiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 1988 |title=Inter, Diaz batte Madjer... |trans-title=Inter, Díaz defeats Madjer... |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/07/21/inter-diaz-batte-madjer.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta bana, kasancewarsa na biyu mafi kyawun dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a kungiyar (bayan Aldo Serena ), Inter ba ta sayi shi ba, daga baya kuma Jürgen Klinsmann ya maye gurbinsa. === Komawa Monaco da River Plate da kuma yin ritaya === A shekarar 1989, Díaz ya koma kulob din Monaco na Faransa, kuma ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 1990-91 tare da kulob din. A shekarar 1991, ya koma kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi zura kwallaye a gasar Apertura ta 1991 . A ƙarshen aikinsa, Díaz shine Babban ɗan wasan J.League a shekarar 1993 tare da Yokohama Marinos a Japan, kuma shine ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Yokohama derby, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 a kan Yokohama Flügels . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Argentina_vs_urss_1979.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Diaz (da ƙwallon) yana bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] Díaz yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina wadda ta lashe gasar FIFA World Youth Championship a shekarar 1979, tare da [[Diego Maradona]] . Díaz da Maradona su ne ginshiƙin ƙungiyar da ke da ra'ayin kai hari, kuma tare suka zira kwallaye 14 cikin 20 na ƙungiyar (70%). Díaz ya zura kwallaye 8, inda ya lashe kyautar Golden Boot saboda kasancewarsa wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. Maradona ya zura kwallaye 6, inda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa. Daga nan Díaz ya ci gaba da buga wasa a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 1982|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1982]] kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] a wasan da Argentina ta sha kashi da ci 3-1. An yi ta rade-radin cewa shi da Maradona sun shiga cikin rikicin da ya hana Díaz bugawa Argentina wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. Duk da haka, Maradona ya musanta hakan a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ''Yo soy el Diego'', yana mai cewa ya shaida wa manajan Argentina na lokacin, Carlos Bilardo, cewa yana son Diaz ya kasance a cikin 'yan wasan da suka buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Ramon Angel Diaz |url=http://ramondiaz.com/en/biografia/ |website=Ramon Diaz.com}}</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == === Farantin Kogi === A shekarar 1995, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya maye gurbin Carlos Babington da aka kora; manufarsa a lokacin ita ce ya buga wa kulob din wasa kafin ya yi ritaya, amma shugaban Alfredo Davicce ya gayyace shi a matsayin manaja. Wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin kungiyar ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a Copa Libertadores da Vélez Sarsfield . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=La primera vez de Ramón Díaz como DT de River |trans-title=The first time of Ramón Díaz as manager of River |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/280846-la-primera-vez-de-ramon-diaz-como-dt-de-river |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya lashe gasar Libertadores ta 1996 da kuma Supercopa Libertadores ta 1997 tare da River, <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> baya ga kofunan lig guda hudu a kakarsa ta farko. Ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar a watan Fabrairun 2000, bayan rashin nasara a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Boca Juniors da ci 2-1, sannan kuma bayan ya yi jayayya da hukumar gudanarwar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2000 |title=A Ramón le dieron el toque |trans-title=They gave Ramón the touch |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-02/00-02-12/pag19.htm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2001, Díaz ya amince ya koma River, inda ya maye gurbin magajinsa Américo Gallego . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2001 |title=Ramón Díaz volvió a River |trans-title=Ramón Díaz returned to River |url=https://www.ambito.com/portada-principal/ramon-diaz-volvio-river-n3122681 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ámbito |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake lashe wani kofi na gasar ( Gasar Clausura ta 2002 ), amma Manuel Pellegrini ya maye gurbinsa a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2002, yayin da kulob din ya zabi kin sabunta kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2002 |title=Ramón Díaz deja River Plate |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves River Plate |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2002/05/20/futbol_internacional/1021915211.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |language=es}}</ref> === Oxford United === A ranar 9 ga Disamba 2004, Díaz ya maye gurbin Graham Rix a matsayin manajan kulob din [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] na Ingila na biyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2004 |title=Oxford name Diaz as new manager |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4082191.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin, Díaz ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa: "Ina son ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila kuma ina son in sami gogewa ta farko... Na ga abubuwa da yawa a talabijin... Haka kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a yi aiki a wannan matakin, domin ya bambanta da ƙwallon ƙafa a saman." An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa babu Díaz ko ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatansa biyar da ke ɗakin bayan gida da ke Oxford United ke biyansu albashi saboda ayyukansu. <ref name="Profile" /> A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2005, Díaz ya yi murabus daga Oxford bayan "tattaunawar da aka yi kan sabuwar kwangila ta wargaje". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2005 |title=Argentine Diaz leaves Oxford helm |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4514565.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === San Lorenzo === A ranar 24 ga Disamba 2006, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin San Lorenzo a kakar wasa mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=San Lorenzo appoint former U's boss Diaz |url=https://www.espnfc.com/story/397356/san-lorenzo-appoint-former-us-boss-diaz |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Clausura ta 2007, gasar da ta fara lashewa a cikin shekaru shida. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta San Lorenzo ta cancanci shiga gasar Copa Libertadores ta 2008, kungiyar Díaz ta sha kashi a hannun zakarun gasar LDU Quito a watan Mayu, kuma ya yi murabus daga kungiyar a ranar 28 ga Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2008 |title=Chau Ramón Díaz: renunció como DT de San Lorenzo |trans-title=Bye Ramón Díaz: resigned as manager of San Lorenzo |url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/deportes/chau-ramon-diaz-renuncio-como-dt-de-san-lorenzo-20080528-0028.phtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Perfil]] |language=es}}</ref> === Kulob ɗin Amurka === A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2008, an tabbatar da Diaz a matsayin sabon kocin Club América . Duk da cewa kulob din bai bayyana takamaiman bayanai game da kwantiragin Diaz ba, an ruwaito cewa an yi masa tayin dala miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, gami da kari da suka shafi aiki wanda zai iya kai jimillar ribar da ya samu zuwa dala miliyan 6. Díaz ya kasa sanya Club América ta cancanci zuwa Copa Libertadores . A farkon kakar wasa ta Clausura ta 2009, Díaz ya yi nasara a kan Santos Laguna 2-1, ya yi kunnen doki da Toluca 2-2, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Morelia 1-0 da kuma Pachuca 3-1. Bayan rashin nasara sau biyu a jere a gasar, kuma ƙungiyar tana matsayi na 12 a teburin gasar, an kore shi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Club America Sacks Diaz {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/114/mexico/2009/02/10/1103513/club-america-sacks-diaz |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa San Lorenzo === A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2010, shugaban San Lorenzo Savino ya bayyana a hukumance cewa an nada Díaz a matsayin manaja a karo na biyu, bayan ya amince da kwangilar shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2010 |title=Ramón Díaz acordó su regreso a San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz agreed to his return to San Lorenzo |url=https://www.clarin.com/ultimo-momento/ramon-diaz-acordo-regreso-san-lorenzo_0_BJXfLSL0pYg.html |website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zabe na tsakiyar tebur a Apertura na 2010, ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2011, yana mai cewa yana son "yaƙi don samun mukamai na farko". <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz renunció en San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz resigned at San Lorenzo |url=https://www.espn.com.ar/noticias/nota?s=arg&id=1280524&type=story |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ESPN |language=es}}</ref> === Independiente === A kan 12 Satumba 2011, Independiente ya hayar Díaz don maye gurbin Antonio Mohamed, wanda ya yi murabus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz es el nuevo técnico de Independiente |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new manager of Independiente |url=https://www.clarin.com/deportes/Ramon-Diaz-cerca-Independiente_0_S1eMA4phPQx.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris 2012, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a kulob din, wanda ya kasance yana fama da matsaloli kuma ya sami kansa a ƙarshen teburin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz quits Independiente {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/585/argentina/2012/03/05/2947124/ramon-diaz-quits-independiente |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Sihiri na uku a River Plate === A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2012, Díaz ya koma River Plate a karo na uku a matsayin manaja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz returns to River Plate after being appointed coach {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/4500/main/2012/11/30/3566344/ramon-diaz-hired-as-new-river-plate-coach |publisher=Goal}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar Torneo Final a shekarar 2014, sannan ya lashe gasar Superfinal a kan tsohuwar kungiyar San Lorenzo da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2014 |title=River Plate claim the Copa Campeonato with victory over San Lorenzo (VIDEO) |url=https://golazoargentino.com/2014/05/25/river-plate-claim-the-copa-campeonato-with-victory-over-san-lorenzo-video/}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2014, Díaz ya bar River Plate. <ref>[https://www.fourfourtwo.com/my/news/diaz-leaves-river-plate]{{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> === Tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay === [[Fayil:Ramón_Díaz_(25920994911)_(2).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Díaz a lokacin wani taron manema labarai a matsayin kocin Paraguay, a shekarar 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2014, Díaz ya zama kocin tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay . Ya ce: "Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da na fuskanta a rayuwata... Akwai aiki da yawa da zan yi". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2014 |title=Paraguay name Argentine Diaz as coach |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-paraguay-coach/paraguay-name-argentine-diaz-as-coach-idINKCN0JI2M120141204 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Babban gasarsa ta farko ita ce gasar Copa America ta 2015, inda wasansa na farko ya kasance da Argentina inda suka yi kunnen doki 2-2. Daga baya Paraguay ta doke Jamaica da ci 1-0 sannan ta yi kunnen doki 1-1 da Uruguay, inda ta kare a matsayi na biyu a rukuninsu. Paraguay ta yi nasara a wasan kusa da na karshe da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] da ci 1-1 (4-3 a bugun fenariti), amma ta sha kashi a hannun Argentina da ci 6-1 a wasan kusa da na karshe wanda hakan ya ba ta damar shiga zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai wanda suka sha kashi a hannun Peru da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya sanya Paraguay ta zama ta hudu a gasar Copa America. Ya kuma jagoranci ƙasar a gasar Copa América Centenario, inda aka fitar da Paraguay a matakin rukuni, ta hanyar yin kunnen doki da Costa Rica sannan aka sha kashi a hannun Colombia da ci 2-1 da kuma Amurka da ci 1-0. A ranar 12 ga Yuni 2016, bayan rashin nasara a gasar Copa América Centenario, Díaz ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan Paraguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paraguay manager Ramon Diaz resigns following Copa América elimination |url=http://www.espnfc.com/paraguay/story/2891510 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> === Al-Hilal === A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2016, an nada Ramón Díaz a matsayin manajan [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] bayan an kori tsohon manaja Gustavo Matosas <ref>{{Cite web |title=صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي رسميا .. الأرجنتيني رومان دياز مدربا للهلال - صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي |url=http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730235328/http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> tare da kwantiragin shekara guda. ==== kakar 2016–17 ==== Wasan farko da Ramón ya buga shine da Al-Fateh inda Al-Hilal ta yi nasara da ci 1-0. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, Rámon ya buga wasansa na farko mai muhimmanci da Al-Ahli inda suka yi nasara da ci 2-1. Ramón ya buga wasan daf da na Riyadh da [[Al-Nassr]] 1-1. Ramón ya yi nasara a kan Al-Taawon da ci 4-2. Ya yi nasara a kan Ittihad da ci 3-1. Ramón Diaz ya yi kunnen doki 0-0 da Al-Ahli, amma ya yi nasara a kan Al-Shabab da ci 2-1 don tabbatar da kambun gasar. Al-Hilal ta lashe gasar ne a hannun Al-Nassr a wasan da suka fafata a Riyadh Derby bayan ta yi nasara da ci 5-1 a gasar. Ramón Díaz ya sabunta kwangilarsa ta tsawon shekara guda akan dala miliyan 1.5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=أخبار الهلال ... حقيقة تجديد عقد رامون دياز مدرب الهلال - سبورت 360 عربية |url=https://arabic.sport360.com/article/الدوري-السعودي/نادي-الهلال/521321/أخبار-الهلال-حقيقة-تجديد-عقد-رامون-دياز-مدرب-الهلال/ |website=arabic.sport360.com}}</ref> Ramón ya zama na farko a gasar zakarun Turai bayan ya yi nasara a kan Al-Rayyan da ci 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=كووورة: الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول |url=https://m.kooora.com/?region=-6&team=144 |website=m.kooora.com}}</ref> Ramón ya sa Al-Hilal ta cancanci zuwa wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin King's bayan ta doke Al-Taawon da ci 3-4. Ramón Díaz ya lashe Kofin Sarki da Al-Ahli a wasan ƙarshe na 3–2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2017 |title=Al-Hilal wins King's Cup |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1101626/sports |website=Arab News}}</ref> Rámon Díaz ya lashe zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai a zagaye na farko da Esteghlal Khuzestan da ci 2-1. Díaz ya sake lashe zagaye na biyu da ci 2-1 [2-4 a kan AGG] wanda hakan ya sa Al-Hilal ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Hilal v Esteghlal Khuzestan Live Commentary & Result, 30/05/2017, AFC Champions League {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/match/al-hilal-v-esteghlal-khuzestan/auwlpkhlkmh8arcqeyx2o59t5 |publisher=Goal}}</ref> ==== kakar 2017–18 ==== A ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, Díaz ya sayi [[Mukhtar Fallatah]] don ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya fara zura kwallo a kakar wasa ta bana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رسميا.. مختار فلاتة هلالي - |url=http://prosports.mbc.net/ar/championships/jameel-league/articles/رسميا---مختار-فلاتة-هلالي.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606061015/http://prosports.mbc.net/ar/championships/jameel-league/articles/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7---%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A.html |archive-date=6 June 2017 |website=prosports.mbc.net}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yunin 2017, Ramòn Díaz ya sanya [[Umar Khribin|Omar Kharbin]] a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa bayan ya koma aro, inda aka biya shi dala miliyan 11 (Ryals miliyan 44) sannan ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu da Al-Hilal. A ranar 10 ga Janairu, Díaz ya sayi Ali Al Bulaihi kyauta daga Al-Fateh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=الهلال السعودي يعلن ضم مدافع الفتح |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=598356 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli, Al-Hilal ya sanya hannu kan Mohamed Kanno da Hasan Kadish daga Ettifaq . <ref>{{Cite web |last=نت |first=العربية |date=4 July 2017 |title=الهلال يضم محمد كنو وحسن كادش من الاتفاق |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/sport/saudi-sport/2017/07/04/الهلال-يضم-محمد-كنو-وحسن-كادش-من-الاتفاق.html |website=العربية نت}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, Díaz ya lashe wasan farko na kakar wasa da ci 2-1 da Al-Fayha, wanda ya fara buga gasar. A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, Ramón Díaz ya lashe wasansa na biyu a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kasance tsakaninsa da Al-Taawoun da ci 4-3. A ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, Díaz ya yi kunnen doki da Al- Hilal da ci 0-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=التعادل السلبي يحسم ذهاب قمة العين والهلال الآسيوية |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=615772 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba, Díaz ya sa Al-Hilal ta cancanci zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC bayan ta doke Al-Ain da ci 3-0. Bayan haka, ya ɗauki Gelmin Rivas don zama ɗan wasa na shida da ya yi rijista a ƙasar waje a kakar wasa ta 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=نت |first=العربية |date=11 September 2017 |title=الهلال يعزز خط هجومه بالفنزويلي ريفاس |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/sport/saudi-sport/2017/09/11/الفنزويلي-ريفاس-إلى-الهلال-.html |website=العربية نت}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Satumba, Ramón Díaz ya lashe wasa na uku a kakar wasa da Ohod da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رياضي / الهلال يفوز على أحد بهدف دون مقابل في الدوري السعودي وكالة الأنباء السعودية |url=http://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=ar&newsid=1666677}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Satumba, Al-Hilal ta yi kunnen doki da Al-Ittihad da ci 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2017 |title=بالفيديو : الهلال يتعادل مع الاتحاد بهدفٍ لكلٍ منهما • صحيفة المرصد |url=https://al-marsd.com/158337.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730085422/https://al-marsd.com/158337.html |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=30 July 2019}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, Diaz ya sanya Al-Hilal ta lashe gasar Riyadh Derby da [[Al-Nassr]] . A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, Díaz da tawagarsa sun yi kunnen doki a zagaye na farko na wasan karshe na gasar zakarun AFC da Urawa Red Diamonds 1-1 a Riyadh. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, sun sha kashi a karo na biyu da ci 1-0 wanda hakan ya sa suka zama na biyu a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McKirdy |first=Andrew |date=25 November 2017 |title=Urawa Reds clinch Asian Champions League title on late goal against Al Hilal |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2017/11/25/soccer/urawa-reds-clinch-asian-champions-league-title-late-goal-al-hilal/ |via=Japan Times Online}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, ya jagoranci tawagarsa wajen yin nasara a kan Al-Ahli da ci 2-0. A ranar 17 ga Disamba, Díaz da tawagarsa sun sha kashi a wasansu na farko a gasar da Al-Fayha da ci 2-1. Bayan haka, Diaz ya yi nasara a kan Ohod da ci 4-1. A ranar 20 ga Janairu, Al-Hilal ta sha kashi a hannun Al-Qadisyah a zagaye na 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2018 |title=بعد خروج الهلال من كأس الملك.. مغردون: سامي الجابر مطلب هلالي |url=https://www.almowaten.net/2018/01/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%a3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83-%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b3%d8%a7/ |website=صحيفة المواطن الإلكترونية}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, Al-Hilal ta yi canjaras a wasanta na farko a sabon filin wasanta na King Saud University Stadium da Al-Ain 0-0 a gasar zakarun Turai. A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, Al-Hilal ta sha kashi a hannun Esteghlal da ci 1-0 a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Oman. A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 2018, Al-Hilal ta kori Díaz saboda rashin kyawun aikinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2018 |title=Saudi giants Al Hilal sack Ramon Diaz |url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/afc-champions-league/802868/saudi-giants-al-hilal-sack-ramon-diaz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006221730/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/afc-champions-league/802868/saudi-giants-al-hilal-sack-ramon-diaz/ |archive-date=6 October 2019 |access-date=21 February 2018 |website=FOX Sports Asia}}</ref> === Dala === A ranar 26 ga Janairun 2019, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kungiyar Pyramids FC ta Masar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Ramón Díaz, nuevo entrenador de Pyramids de Egipto |trans-title=Ramón Díaz, new manager of Pyramids from Egypt |url=https://argentina.as.com/argentina/2019/01/26/futbol/1548531978_523050.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Diario AS]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar a ranar 27 ga Mayu, bayan wasanni 12 kacal. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2019 |title=Ramón Díaz se desvinculó de Pyramids de Egipto |trans-title=Ramón Díaz left Pyramids from Egypt |url=https://www.tycsports.com/futbol-internacional/ramon-diaz-se-desvinculo-de-pyramids-de-egipto-20190527.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[TyC Sports]] |language=es}}</ref> === Libertad === A ranar 17 ga Disamba 2019, an sanar da Díaz a matsayin manajan Libertad, inda ya koma Paraguay bayan fiye da shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2019 |title=Libertad anuncia a Ramón Díaz como DT |trans-title=Libertad announce Ramón Díaz as manager |url=http://www.tigosports.com.py/futbol/libertad-anuncia-ramon-diaz-como-dt |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=Tigo Sports |language=es}}</ref> Ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2020, bayan rashin kyawun yanayin da kulob din ke ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2020 |title=Ramón Díaz deja Libertad |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves Libertad |url=https://www.hoy.com.py/deportes/ramon-diaz-deja-libertad |publisher=HOY |language=es}}</ref> === Botafogo === A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2020, an nada Díaz babban kocin na Serie A side Botafogo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=Novo técnico do Botafogo, Ramón Díaz desembarca no Rio de Janeiro |trans-title=New manager of Botafogo, Ramón Díaz set foot in Rio de Janeiro |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/botafogo/noticia/novo-tecnico-do-botafogo-ramon-diaz-desembarca-no-rio-de-janeiro.ghtml |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=GloboEsporte.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Daga baya ya koma ƙasarsa don yin tiyatar gaggawa don cire wani ƙari, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2020 |title=Botafogo: Ramón Díaz retirou tumor benigno em cirurgia de emergência e seguirá recuperação no Paraguai |trans-title=Botafogo: Ramón Díaz removed benign tumor in emergency surgery and will be recovering in Paraguay |url=https://www.espn.com.br/futebol/artigo/_/id/7747335/botafogo-ramon-diaz-retirou-tumor-benigno-em-cirurgia-de-emergencia-e-seguira-recuperacao-no-paraguai |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=[[ESPN Brasil]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> kuma rashin lafiyarsa ta daɗe saboda yanayin asibiti. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2020, Botafogo ya sanar da ficewar Díaz da ma'aikatansa daga ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2020 |title=Nota oficial |trans-title=Official note |url=https://botafogo.com.br/ler-noticia.php?cod=6051 |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=Botafogo FR |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar ba tare da ya jagoranci wasa ɗaya ba a gare su, domin wasanni uku da suka buga a lokacin (duk rashin nasara) mataimakinsa da ɗansa Emiliano Díaz ne suka jagoranci su. === Al Nassr === A watan Fabrairun 2021, Díaz ya amince da kwangilar da zai daɗe har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz lands at Al Nasr and probable Shoya Nakajima bow set to light up AGL MW15 |url=https://sport360.com/article/football/arabian-gulf-league/345813/ramon-diaz-lands-at-al-nasr-and-probable-shoya-nakajima-bow-set-to-light-up-agl-mw15 |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=sport360}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=رسميا..النصر يقيل كرونوسلاف والأرجنتيني دياز بديلا |url=https://www.albayan.ae/sports/emirates/2021-02-04-1.4083646 |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=albayan |language=ar}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar kimanin shekara guda bayan haka, bayan rashin kyawun tsarin gasar. === Komawa zuwa Al Hilal === A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2022, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin sabon kocin ƙungiyar [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] ta Saudi Professional League har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. <ref name="youngplayer">{{Cite tweet|user=Alhilal_EN|title=📃DIAZ to coach #AlHilal 💙|date=14 February 2022|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka, daga baya ya jagoranci Al Hilal ta doke Flamengo da ci 3-2 a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2023 |title=Al-Hilal record historic victory over Flamengo and could be Real Madrid's opponents in the Club World Cup final |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/cronica/2023/02/07/63e2c348ca47414e6c8b4567.html |publisher=Marca}}</ref> kafin ta sha kashi a wasan karshe da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] da ci 3-5. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2023 |title=Real Madrid 5-3 Al Hilal: Los Blancos score five in eight-goal thriller to win Club World Cup |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/club-world-cup/2022/real-madrid-v-al-hilal-club-world-cup-final-live_sto9381593/story.shtml |publisher=Eurosport}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun AFC ta 2022, ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 2-1 a jimilla a hannun Urawa Red Diamonds a karo na biyu bayan 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2023 |title=Urawa Red Diamonds beat Al-Hilal to win AFC Champions League |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en/football/video/urawa-red-diamonds-beat-al-hilal-to-win-afc-c/2085186 |publisher=beIN SPORTS}}</ref> Bayan ya lashe gasar cin kofin King Cup da Al-Wehda a watan Mayun 2023, Díaz ya yanke shawarar sauka daga mukaminsa ya koma kasarsa, domin ya kasance tare da iyalansa bayan mutuwar matarsa watanni biyu da suka gabata a hatsarin mota; a halin yanzu, dansa Emiliano ya zama manajan rikon kwarya na kungiyar har tsawon sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2023 |title=Ramon Diaz thanks Al Hilal 'for everything' as he leaves club for personal reasons |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2023/05/15/ramon-diaz-thanks-al-hilal-for-everything-as-he-leaves-club-for-personal-reasons/ |publisher=The National News}}</ref> === Vasco da Gama === A ranar 15 ga Yuli 2023, Díaz ya koma Brazil bayan an sanar da shi a matsayin babban kocin Vasco da Gama a matakin farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=Vasco anuncia contratação do técnico Ramón Díaz |trans-title=Vasco announce signing of head coach Ramón Díaz |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2023/07/15/vasco-anuncia-contratacao-do-tecnico-ramon-diaz.ghtml |access-date=15 July 2023 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya yi nasarar kaucewa faduwa daga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai da ƙungiyar a zagaye na ƙarshe na gasar Série A ta 2023, kuma ya sabunta kwangilarsa har zuwa 2025 a ranar 15 ga Disamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2023 |title=Vasco acerta renovação de Ramón Díaz até 2025 |trans-title=Vasco agree renewal of Ramón Díaz until 2025 |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2023/12/15/vasco-acerta-renovacao-de-ramon-diaz-ate-2025.ghtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2024, Vasco ta kori Díaz bayan ta sha kashi 4-0 a hannun Criciúma ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2024 |title=Ramón Díaz é demitido do Vasco |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is sacked from Vasco |url=https://www.band.uol.com.br/esportes/ramon-diaz-e-demitido-do-vasco-16685180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427225123/https://www.band.uol.com.br/esportes/ramon-diaz-e-demitido-do-vasco-16685180 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=[[Rede Bandeirantes]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> duk da cewa kafofin watsa labarai na Brazil sun ce ya yi murabus jim kaɗan bayan wasan, Díaz da ɗansa sun bayyana cewa an "kore su ta hanyar [[Twitter]] ". === Korintiyawa === A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, an sanar da Díaz a matsayin babban kocin Corinthians kan kwantiraginsa har zuwa Disamba 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2024 |title=Ramón Díaz é o novo treinador do Corinthians |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new head coach of Corinthians |url=https://www.corinthians.com.br/noticias/ramon-diaz-e-o-novo-treinador-do-corinthians |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=SC Corinthians Paulista |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa ga lashe gasar Campeonato Paulista ta 2025 a kan abokan hamayyarta Palmeiras, inda ya lashe kofi na 17 a tarihin aikinsa na koci, sannan ya zarce Helenio Herrera a matsayin kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2025 |title=Ramón vira técnico argentino com mais títulos na história após o Paulistão |trans-title=Ramón becomes the Argentine coach with the most titles in history after the ''Paulistão'' |url=https://www.uol.com.br/esporte/futebol/ultimas-noticias/2025/03/28/titulo-no-corinthians-faz-ramon-diaz-virar-tecnico-argentino-mais-vencedor.htm |publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL Esporte]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Amma a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 2025, ƙungiyar ta kori Díaz bayan rashin nasara a gida da ci 2-0 a hannun Fluminense . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2025 |title=Ramón Díaz deixa o comando técnico do Corinthians |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves the technical command of Corinthians |url=https://www.corinthians.com.br/noticias/ramon-diaz-deixa-o-comando-tecnico-do-corinthians |access-date=17 April 2025 |publisher=SC Corinthians Paulista |language=pt-BR}}</ref> === Ƙasashen Duniya === A ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2025, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin Internacional a matakin farko na Brazil. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2025 |title=Ramón Díaz é o novo técnico do Internacional |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new head coach of Internacional |url=https://internacional.com.br/noticias/masculino/ramon-diaz-e-o-novo-tecnico-do-internacional |access-date=25 September 2025 |publisher=SC Internacional |language=pt-BR}}</ref> An kore shi a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, zagaye biyu kafin karshen kakar wasa, yayin da kungiyar ta shiga yankin da za ta fadi daga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2025 |title=Inter demite Ramón Díaz a duas rodadas do fim do Brasileirão |trans-title=Inter sack Ramón Díaz two rounds before the end of the ''Brasileirão'' |url=https://ge.globo.com/rs/futebol/times/internacional/noticia/2025/11/29/inter-demite-ramon-diaz-a-duas-rodadas-do-fim-do-brasileirao.ghtml |access-date=29 November 2025 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-br}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coppa Italia]], [[Coupe de France]], [[Emperor's Cup]].}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[J.League Cup]].}} ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |River Plate |1978 | rowspan="4" |Argentine Primera División |14 |5 | | | | |14 |5 |- |1979 |22 |12 | | | | |22 |12 |- |1980 |40 |22 | | | | |40 |22 |- |1981 |47 |18 | | | | |47 |18 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !123 !57 ! ! ! ! !123 !57 |- |Napoli |1982–83 |Serie A |25 |3 | | | | |25 |3 |- | rowspan="4" |Avellino |1983–84 | rowspan="3" |Serie A |24 |7 | | | | |24 |7 |- |1984–85 |27 |5 | | | | |27 |5 |- |1985–86 |27 |10 | | | | |27 |10 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !78 !22 ! ! ! ! !78 !22 |- | rowspan="3" |Fiorentina |1986–87 | rowspan="2" |Serie A |29 |10 | | | | |29 |10 |- |1987–88 |24 |7 | | | | |24 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !53 !17 ! ! ! ! !53 !17 |- |Inter Milan |1988–89 |Serie A |33 |12 |7 |1 |3 |2 |43 |15 |- | rowspan="3" |Monaco |1989–90 | rowspan="2" |[[Ligue 1|Division 1]] |28 |15 | | | | |28 |15 |- |1990–91 |32 |9 | | | | |32 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !60 !24 ! ! ! ! !60 !24 |- | rowspan="3" |River Plate |1991–92 | rowspan="2" |Argentine Primera División |31 |20 | | | | |31 |20 |- |1992–93 |21 |7 | | | | |21 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !52 !27 ! ! ! ! !52 !27 |- | rowspan="4" |Yokohama Marinos |1993 | rowspan="3" |J1 League |32 |28 |3 |1 |5 |3 |40 |32 |- |1994 |37 |23 |4 |2 |3 |1 |44 |26 |- |1995 |6 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– |6 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !75 !52 !7 !3 !8 !4 !90 !59 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !499 !214 !7 !3 !8 !4 !514 !221 |} {{Notelist}} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === [[Fayil:Argentina_u20_ramon_diaz_festeja_final.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Díaz yana murnar cin kwallo a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan kasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta zura da kuma shekarar da ta gabata <ref>{{NFT player|19296}}</ref> ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="4" | Argentina | 1979 | 1 | 1 |- | 1980 | 9 | 4 |- | 1981 | 4 | 1 |- | 1982 | 8 | 4 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 22 ! 10 |} == Ƙididdigar gudanarwa == {{Updated|match played on 28 November 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Managerial record by team and tenure ! rowspan="2" |Team ! rowspan="2" |Nat. ! rowspan="2" |From ! rowspan="2" |To ! colspan="8" |Record ! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- !{{Tooltip|G|Games managed}} !{{Tooltip|W|Games won}} !{{Tooltip|D|Games drawn}} !{{Tooltip|L|Games lost}} !{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} !{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} !{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} !{{Tooltip|Win %|Winning percentage}} |- | align="left" |River Plate |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |8 July 1995 | align="left" |11 February 2000 {{WDL|252|126|66|60|for=451|against=303|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |River Plate |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |1 July 2001 | align="left" |30 June 2002 {{WDL|52|29|14|9|for=111|against=49|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |[[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] |{{Flagicon|England}} | align="left" |9 December 2004 | align="left" |4 May 2005 {{WDL|25|10|7|8|for=34|against=36|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |San Lorenzo |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |24 December 2006 | align="left" |12 June 2008 {{WDL|68|37|14|17|for=104|against=77|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |América |{{Flagicon|Mexico}} | align="left" |25 June 2008 | align="left" |12 February 2009 {{WDL|24|7|9|8|for=32|against=36|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |San Lorenzo |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |25 May 2010 | align="left" |24 April 2011 {{WDL|30|10|9|11|for=29|against=29|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Independiente |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |12 September 2011 | align="left" |5 March 2012 {{WDL|20|7|5|8|for=21|against=20|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |River Plate |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |30 November 2012 | align="left" |27 May 2014 {{WDL|66|30|17|19|for=76|against=57|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Paraguay |{{Flagicon|Paraguay}} | align="left" |4 December 2014 | align="left" |12 June 2016 {{WDL|20|3|9|8|for=18|against=28|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |[[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] |{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} | align="left" |15 October 2016 | align="left" |20 February 2018 {{WDL|65|41|18|6|for=126|against=58|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Al-Ittihad |{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} | align="left" |1 July 2018 | align="left" |15 September 2018 {{WDL|4|0|1|3|for=2|against=7|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Pyramids |{{Flagicon|Egypt}} | align="left" |14 February 2019 | align="left" |27 May 2019 {{WDL|13|8|4|1|for=22|against=9|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Libertad |{{Flagicon|Paraguay}} | align="left" |20 December 2019 | align="left" |24 September 2020 {{WDL|24|14|4|6|for=45|against=29|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Botafogo |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |4 November 2020 | align="left" |27 November 2020 {{WDL|0|0|0|0|for=0|against=0|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Al Nasr |{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} | align="left" |4 February 2021 | align="left" |7 February 2022 {{WDL|37|14|8|15|for=56|against=46|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |[[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] |{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} | align="left" |14 February 2022 | align="left" |14 May 2023 {{WDL|60|39|12|9|for=123|against=53|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Vasco da Gama |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |15 July 2023 | align="left" |27 April 2024 {{WDL|41|17|11|13|for=58|against=52|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Corinthians |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |10 July 2024 | align="left" |17 April 2025 {{WDL|60|31|16|13|for=94|against=62|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Olimpia |{{Flagicon|Paraguay}} | align="left" |17 July 2025 | align="left" |24 August 2025 {{WDL|7|2|2|3|for=7|against=11|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Internacional |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |24 September 2025 | align="left" |29 November 2025 {{WDL|13|3|5|5|for=13|against=17|diff=yes}} | |- ! colspan="4" |Total {{WDLtot|881|428|230|223|for=1422|against=979|diff=yes}} !— |} == Daraja == === Ɗan wasa === '''Farantin Kogi''' * Primera División Argentina : 1979 Metropolitano, 1979 Nacional, 1980 Metropolitano, 1981 Nacional, 1991 Apertura * Supercopa Libertadores ya zo na biyu: 1991 '''Inter Milan''' * Serie A : 1988–89 '''Monaco''' * Coupe de France : 1990–91 * Wanda ya zo na biyu [[Ligue 1|a gasar Ligue 1]] : 1990–91 '''Yokohama Marinos''' * J1 League : 1995 '''Argentina 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa ta Duniya ta FIFA : 1979 <ref name="japan1979">{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Youth Championship Japan 1979&nbsp;– Awards |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061634/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=16 June 2019 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Takalmin Zinare na Gasar Matasa ta Duniya ta FIFA : 1979 <ref name="japan1979">{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Youth Championship Japan 1979&nbsp;– Awards |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061634/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=16 June 2019 |publisher=FIFA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061634/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html "FIFA World Youth Championship Japan 1979&nbsp;– Awards"]. FIFA. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html the original] on 6 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> * Ƙungiyar Serie A ta Shekara : 1986 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guerin Sportivo Serie A Team of the Year |url=https://www.bigsoccer.com/threads/serie-a-guerin-sportivo-1980-1991-every-game-with-player-ratings.2085771/ |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=BigSoccer}}</ref> * Primera División Argentina Babban Mawaƙa : 1991 Apertura * Ɗan Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Kudancin Amurka na Shekara Matsayi na biyu: 1991 * Tawagar Kudancin Amurka ta shekara: 1991 * Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallo a J.League : 1993 <ref name="JLE" /> * J.League Mafi Kyawun 'Yan Wasa 11 : 1993 <ref name="JLE">{{Cite web |title=『Ｊリーグアウォーズ』〜Ｊリーグ年間表彰式〜 Best Eleven |url=http://www.jleague.jp/stats/awards_eleven.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206193826/http://www.jleague.jp/stats/awards_eleven.html |archive-date=6 February 2016 |access-date=6 February 2016 |website=jleague.jp}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan – J-League Awards |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/jap-poy.html |access-date=7 February 2016 |publisher=RSSSF}}</ref> === Manaja === '''Farantin Kogi''' * Primera División Argentina : 1996 Apertura, 1997 Clausura, 1997 Apertura, 1999 Apertura, 2002 Clausura, 2014 Karshe * Gasar Copa Campeonato : 2014 * Copa Libertadores : 1996 * Super Cup Libertadores : 1997 * Gasar Cin [[Kofin Intercontinental]] ta zo ta biyu: 1996 * Recopa Sudamericana : 1997, 1998 '''San Lorenzo''' * Primera División Argentina : 2007 Clausura '''Al-Hilal''' * Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru ta Saudiyya : 2016–17, 2021–22 * Kofin Sarki : 2017, 2022–23 ; wanda ya zo na biyu 2021–22 * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar zakarun AFC : 2017, 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2023 |title=Ramon Diaz praises Al Hilal's 'champion personality' after ACL final defeat to Urawa |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2023/05/06/ramon-diaz-praises-al-hilals-champion-personality-after-acl-final-defeat-to-urawa/ |publisher=The National News}}</ref> * Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA Clubs : 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2023 |title=Al Hilal coach Ramon Diaz on running Real Madrid close: We hope we entertained you |url=https://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/al-hilal-coach-ramon-diaz-on-running-real-madrid-close-we-hope-we-entertained-you-4446925 |publisher=Tribal Football}}</ref> '''Al-Ittihad''' * Gasar cin kofin Saudi Super Cup ta zo ta biyu: 2018 '''Al-Nasr''' * Gasar cin kofin League ta UAE : 2020–21 * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin shugaban ƙasar UAE : 2020–21 '''Korintiyawa''' * Campeonato Paulista : 2025 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Kocin Gasar EFL na Biyu na Watan : Janairu 2005 * Kocin Ƙwararrun Gasar Saudiyya na Watan : Maris 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |title=سباق الاتحاد والهلال يقودهما إلى جوائز مارس |url=https://spl.sa/ar/news/4109}}</ref> Mayu & Yuni 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=دياز المدرب الأفضل.. وسليتي والمعيوف والعقيدي يحصدون جوائز مايو ويونيو |url=https://spl.sa/ar/news/4164}}</ref> == Bayanan kula == == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{NFT player}} * Ramón Díaz at J.League (archive) (in Japanese) * [https://www.shrh.org/ Díaz's interview] on shrh.org [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2f25kmwf0q5p5904lvlbcv0cdrsl33c 887816 887785 2026-07-26T16:47:01Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ramón Ángel Díaz''' ({{IPA|es|raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as}} ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Shi ne kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi da lashe kofuna 17, kocin na biyu mafi nasara a tarihin River Plate bayan Marcelo Gallardo da kuma kocin da ya fi samun nasara a gasar Primera División ta Argentina tare da Ángel Labruna . Díaz ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar River Plate da kuma tawagar kasar Argentina a matsayin dan wasan gaba, kuma ya horar da kungiyar sau uku, inda ya lashe kofuna takwas. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan ''El Pelado'' ("Baldy"). == Aikin kulob == === Farantin Kogi === [[Fayil:Ramon_diaz_elgrafico.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Díaz yana buga wa River Plate wasa a shekarar 1981]] An haife shi a La Rioja, Díaz ɗan wasan matasa ne na River Plate, kuma ya kasance abin jan hankali a ƙarƙashin manajan matasa Norberto Yácono . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko - Primera División - a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1978, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a kan Colón, yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wani tsari na daban yayin da 'yan wasan farko na ƙungiyar suka fita zuwa Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=El debut de Ramón Díaz hace 42 años: los grandes de gira y los juveniles en Primera |trans-title=The debut of Ramón Díaz 42 years ago: the greats on tour and the youth in ''Primera'' |url=https://lapaginamillonaria.com/riverplate/El-debut-de-Ramon-Diaz-hace-42-anos-los-grandes-de-gira-y-los-juveniles-en-Primera-20200813-0007.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=La Página Millonaria |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1978, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Quilmes . Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan farko a ƙungiyar, musamman inda ya zira kwallaye 22 a gasar a kakar wasa ta 1980 . === Italiya === A shekarar 1982, Díaz ya koma ƙasar waje a karon farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Serie A ta Italiya Napoli . Duk da kammala kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta daya a kulob din a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye takwas, kakar wasa ta Napoli ta kasance abin takaici yayin da suka kare a matsayi na 10, maki biyu kacal kafin su fadi daga gasar. A shekarar 1983, Díaz ya fara komawa Avellino a matsayin aro, inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya fara wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa uku da ya yi, kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a kakar wasa ta 1985-86 . A watan Yulin 1986, ya koma Fiorentina kan kuɗin lira biliyan 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1986 |title=Milan, debutto con show |trans-title=Milan, debut with a show |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1986/07/16/milan-debutto-con-show.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yulin 1988, Díaz ya amince da yarjejeniyar aro da Inter Milan a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Rabah Madjer]], wanda hakan ya gaza cimma burinsa na duba lafiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 1988 |title=Inter, Diaz batte Madjer... |trans-title=Inter, Díaz defeats Madjer... |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/07/21/inter-diaz-batte-madjer.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta bana, kasancewarsa na biyu mafi kyawun dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a kungiyar (bayan Aldo Serena ), Inter ba ta sayi shi ba, daga baya kuma Jürgen Klinsmann ya maye gurbinsa. === Komawa Monaco da River Plate da kuma yin ritaya === A shekarar 1989, Díaz ya koma kulob din Monaco na Faransa, kuma ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 1990-91 tare da kulob din. A shekarar 1991, ya koma kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi zura kwallaye a gasar Apertura ta 1991 . A ƙarshen aikinsa, Díaz shine Babban ɗan wasan J.League a shekarar 1993 tare da Yokohama Marinos a Japan, kuma shine ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Yokohama derby, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 a kan Yokohama Flügels . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Argentina_vs_urss_1979.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Diaz (da ƙwallon) yana bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] Díaz yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina wadda ta lashe gasar FIFA World Youth Championship a shekarar 1979, tare da [[Diego Maradona]] . Díaz da Maradona su ne ginshiƙin ƙungiyar da ke da ra'ayin kai hari, kuma tare suka zira kwallaye 14 cikin 20 na ƙungiyar (70%). Díaz ya zura kwallaye 8, inda ya lashe kyautar Golden Boot saboda kasancewarsa wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. Maradona ya zura kwallaye 6, inda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa. Daga nan Díaz ya ci gaba da buga wasa a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 1982|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1982]] kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] a wasan da Argentina ta sha kashi da ci 3-1. An yi ta rade-radin cewa shi da Maradona sun shiga cikin rikicin da ya hana Díaz bugawa Argentina wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. Duk da haka, Maradona ya musanta hakan a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ''Yo soy el Diego'', yana mai cewa ya shaida wa manajan Argentina na lokacin, Carlos Bilardo, cewa yana son Diaz ya kasance a cikin 'yan wasan da suka buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Ramon Angel Diaz |url=http://ramondiaz.com/en/biografia/ |website=Ramon Diaz.com}}</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == === Farantin Kogi === A shekarar 1995, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya maye gurbin Carlos Babington da aka kora; manufarsa a lokacin ita ce ya buga wa kulob din wasa kafin ya yi ritaya, amma shugaban Alfredo Davicce ya gayyace shi a matsayin manaja. Wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin kungiyar ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a Copa Libertadores da Vélez Sarsfield . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=La primera vez de Ramón Díaz como DT de River |trans-title=The first time of Ramón Díaz as manager of River |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/280846-la-primera-vez-de-ramon-diaz-como-dt-de-river |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya lashe gasar Libertadores ta 1996 da kuma Supercopa Libertadores ta 1997 tare da River, <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> baya ga kofunan lig guda hudu a kakarsa ta farko. Ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar a watan Fabrairun 2000, bayan rashin nasara a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Boca Juniors da ci 2-1, sannan kuma bayan ya yi jayayya da hukumar gudanarwar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2000 |title=A Ramón le dieron el toque |trans-title=They gave Ramón the touch |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-02/00-02-12/pag19.htm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2001, Díaz ya amince ya koma River, inda ya maye gurbin magajinsa Américo Gallego . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2001 |title=Ramón Díaz volvió a River |trans-title=Ramón Díaz returned to River |url=https://www.ambito.com/portada-principal/ramon-diaz-volvio-river-n3122681 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ámbito |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake lashe wani kofi na gasar ( Gasar Clausura ta 2002 ), amma Manuel Pellegrini ya maye gurbinsa a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2002, yayin da kulob din ya zabi kin sabunta kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2002 |title=Ramón Díaz deja River Plate |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves River Plate |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2002/05/20/futbol_internacional/1021915211.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |language=es}}</ref> === Oxford United === A ranar 9 ga Disamba 2004, Díaz ya maye gurbin Graham Rix a matsayin manajan kulob din [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] na Ingila na biyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2004 |title=Oxford name Diaz as new manager |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4082191.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin, Díaz ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa: "Ina son ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila kuma ina son in sami gogewa ta farko... Na ga abubuwa da yawa a talabijin... Haka kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a yi aiki a wannan matakin, domin ya bambanta da ƙwallon ƙafa a saman." An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa babu Díaz ko ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatansa biyar da ke ɗakin bayan gida da ke Oxford United ke biyansu albashi saboda ayyukansu. <ref name="Profile" /> A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2005, Díaz ya yi murabus daga Oxford bayan "tattaunawar da aka yi kan sabuwar kwangila ta wargaje". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2005 |title=Argentine Diaz leaves Oxford helm |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4514565.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === San Lorenzo === A ranar 24 ga Disamba 2006, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin San Lorenzo a kakar wasa mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=San Lorenzo appoint former U's boss Diaz |url=https://www.espnfc.com/story/397356/san-lorenzo-appoint-former-us-boss-diaz |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Clausura ta 2007, gasar da ta fara lashewa a cikin shekaru shida. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta San Lorenzo ta cancanci shiga gasar Copa Libertadores ta 2008, kungiyar Díaz ta sha kashi a hannun zakarun gasar LDU Quito a watan Mayu, kuma ya yi murabus daga kungiyar a ranar 28 ga Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2008 |title=Chau Ramón Díaz: renunció como DT de San Lorenzo |trans-title=Bye Ramón Díaz: resigned as manager of San Lorenzo |url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/deportes/chau-ramon-diaz-renuncio-como-dt-de-san-lorenzo-20080528-0028.phtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Perfil]] |language=es}}</ref> === Kulob ɗin Amurka === A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2008, an tabbatar da Diaz a matsayin sabon kocin Club América . Duk da cewa kulob din bai bayyana takamaiman bayanai game da kwantiragin Diaz ba, an ruwaito cewa an yi masa tayin dala miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, gami da kari da suka shafi aiki wanda zai iya kai jimillar ribar da ya samu zuwa dala miliyan 6. Díaz ya kasa sanya Club América ta cancanci zuwa Copa Libertadores . A farkon kakar wasa ta Clausura ta 2009, Díaz ya yi nasara a kan Santos Laguna 2-1, ya yi kunnen doki da Toluca 2-2, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Morelia 1-0 da kuma Pachuca 3-1. Bayan rashin nasara sau biyu a jere a gasar, kuma ƙungiyar tana matsayi na 12 a teburin gasar, an kore shi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Club America Sacks Diaz {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/114/mexico/2009/02/10/1103513/club-america-sacks-diaz |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa San Lorenzo === A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2010, shugaban San Lorenzo Savino ya bayyana a hukumance cewa an nada Díaz a matsayin manaja a karo na biyu, bayan ya amince da kwangilar shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2010 |title=Ramón Díaz acordó su regreso a San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz agreed to his return to San Lorenzo |url=https://www.clarin.com/ultimo-momento/ramon-diaz-acordo-regreso-san-lorenzo_0_BJXfLSL0pYg.html |website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zabe na tsakiyar tebur a Apertura na 2010, ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2011, yana mai cewa yana son "yaƙi don samun mukamai na farko". <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz renunció en San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz resigned at San Lorenzo |url=https://www.espn.com.ar/noticias/nota?s=arg&id=1280524&type=story |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ESPN |language=es}}</ref> === Independiente === A kan 12 Satumba 2011, Independiente ya hayar Díaz don maye gurbin Antonio Mohamed, wanda ya yi murabus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz es el nuevo técnico de Independiente |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new manager of Independiente |url=https://www.clarin.com/deportes/Ramon-Diaz-cerca-Independiente_0_S1eMA4phPQx.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris 2012, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a kulob din, wanda ya kasance yana fama da matsaloli kuma ya sami kansa a ƙarshen teburin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz quits Independiente {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/585/argentina/2012/03/05/2947124/ramon-diaz-quits-independiente |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Sihiri na uku a River Plate === A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2012, Díaz ya koma River Plate a karo na uku a matsayin manaja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz returns to River Plate after being appointed coach {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/4500/main/2012/11/30/3566344/ramon-diaz-hired-as-new-river-plate-coach |publisher=Goal}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar Torneo Final a shekarar 2014, sannan ya lashe gasar Superfinal a kan tsohuwar kungiyar San Lorenzo da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2014 |title=River Plate claim the Copa Campeonato with victory over San Lorenzo (VIDEO) |url=https://golazoargentino.com/2014/05/25/river-plate-claim-the-copa-campeonato-with-victory-over-san-lorenzo-video/}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2014, Díaz ya bar River Plate. <ref>[https://www.fourfourtwo.com/my/news/diaz-leaves-river-plate]{{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> === Tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay === [[Fayil:Ramón_Díaz_(25920994911)_(2).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Díaz a lokacin wani taron manema labarai a matsayin kocin Paraguay, a shekarar 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2014, Díaz ya zama kocin tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay . Ya ce: "Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da na fuskanta a rayuwata... Akwai aiki da yawa da zan yi". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2014 |title=Paraguay name Argentine Diaz as coach |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-paraguay-coach/paraguay-name-argentine-diaz-as-coach-idINKCN0JI2M120141204 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Babban gasarsa ta farko ita ce gasar Copa America ta 2015, inda wasansa na farko ya kasance da Argentina inda suka yi kunnen doki 2-2. Daga baya Paraguay ta doke Jamaica da ci 1-0 sannan ta yi kunnen doki 1-1 da Uruguay, inda ta kare a matsayi na biyu a rukuninsu. Paraguay ta yi nasara a wasan kusa da na karshe da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] da ci 1-1 (4-3 a bugun fenariti), amma ta sha kashi a hannun Argentina da ci 6-1 a wasan kusa da na karshe wanda hakan ya ba ta damar shiga zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai wanda suka sha kashi a hannun Peru da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya sanya Paraguay ta zama ta hudu a gasar Copa America. Ya kuma jagoranci ƙasar a gasar Copa América Centenario, inda aka fitar da Paraguay a matakin rukuni, ta hanyar yin kunnen doki da Costa Rica sannan aka sha kashi a hannun Colombia da ci 2-1 da kuma Amurka da ci 1-0. A ranar 12 ga Yuni 2016, bayan rashin nasara a gasar Copa América Centenario, Díaz ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan Paraguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paraguay manager Ramon Diaz resigns following Copa América elimination |url=http://www.espnfc.com/paraguay/story/2891510 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> === Al-Hilal === A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2016, an nada Ramón Díaz a matsayin manajan [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] bayan an kori tsohon manaja Gustavo Matosas <ref>{{Cite web |title=صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي رسميا .. الأرجنتيني رومان دياز مدربا للهلال - صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي |url=http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730235328/http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> tare da kwantiragin shekara guda. ==== kakar 2016–17 ==== Wasan farko da Ramón ya buga shine da Al-Fateh inda Al-Hilal ta yi nasara da ci 1-0. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, Rámon ya buga wasansa na farko mai muhimmanci da Al-Ahli inda suka yi nasara da ci 2-1. Ramón ya buga wasan daf da na Riyadh da [[Al-Nassr]] 1-1. Ramón ya yi nasara a kan Al-Taawon da ci 4-2. Ya yi nasara a kan Ittihad da ci 3-1. Ramón Diaz ya yi kunnen doki 0-0 da Al-Ahli, amma ya yi nasara a kan Al-Shabab da ci 2-1 don tabbatar da kambun gasar. Al-Hilal ta lashe gasar ne a hannun Al-Nassr a wasan da suka fafata a Riyadh Derby bayan ta yi nasara da ci 5-1 a gasar. Ramón Díaz ya sabunta kwangilarsa ta tsawon shekara guda akan dala miliyan 1.5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=أخبار الهلال ... حقيقة تجديد عقد رامون دياز مدرب الهلال - سبورت 360 عربية |url=https://arabic.sport360.com/article/الدوري-السعودي/نادي-الهلال/521321/أخبار-الهلال-حقيقة-تجديد-عقد-رامون-دياز-مدرب-الهلال/ |website=arabic.sport360.com}}</ref> Ramón ya zama na farko a gasar zakarun Turai bayan ya yi nasara a kan Al-Rayyan da ci 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=كووورة: الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول |url=https://m.kooora.com/?region=-6&team=144 |website=m.kooora.com}}</ref> Ramón ya sa Al-Hilal ta cancanci zuwa wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin King's bayan ta doke Al-Taawon da ci 3-4. Ramón Díaz ya lashe Kofin Sarki da Al-Ahli a wasan ƙarshe na 3–2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2017 |title=Al-Hilal wins King's Cup |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1101626/sports |website=Arab News}}</ref> Rámon Díaz ya lashe zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai a zagaye na farko da Esteghlal Khuzestan da ci 2-1. Díaz ya sake lashe zagaye na biyu da ci 2-1 [2-4 a kan AGG] wanda hakan ya sa Al-Hilal ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Hilal v Esteghlal Khuzestan Live Commentary & Result, 30/05/2017, AFC Champions League {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/match/al-hilal-v-esteghlal-khuzestan/auwlpkhlkmh8arcqeyx2o59t5 |publisher=Goal}}</ref> ==== kakar 2017–18 ==== A ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, Díaz ya sayi [[Mukhtar Fallatah]] don ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya fara zura kwallo a kakar wasa ta bana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رسميا.. مختار فلاتة هلالي - |url=http://prosports.mbc.net/ar/championships/jameel-league/articles/رسميا---مختار-فلاتة-هلالي.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606061015/http://prosports.mbc.net/ar/championships/jameel-league/articles/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7---%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A.html |archive-date=6 June 2017 |website=prosports.mbc.net}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yunin 2017, Ramòn Díaz ya sanya [[Umar Khribin|Omar Kharbin]] a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa bayan ya koma aro, inda aka biya shi dala miliyan 11 (Ryals miliyan 44) sannan ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu da Al-Hilal. A ranar 10 ga Janairu, Díaz ya sayi Ali Al Bulaihi kyauta daga Al-Fateh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=الهلال السعودي يعلن ضم مدافع الفتح |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=598356 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli, Al-Hilal ya sanya hannu kan Mohamed Kanno da Hasan Kadish daga Ettifaq . <ref>{{Cite web |last=نت |first=العربية |date=4 July 2017 |title=الهلال يضم محمد كنو وحسن كادش من الاتفاق |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/sport/saudi-sport/2017/07/04/الهلال-يضم-محمد-كنو-وحسن-كادش-من-الاتفاق.html |website=العربية نت}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, Díaz ya lashe wasan farko na kakar wasa da ci 2-1 da Al-Fayha, wanda ya fara buga gasar. A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, Ramón Díaz ya lashe wasansa na biyu a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kasance tsakaninsa da Al-Taawoun da ci 4-3. A ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, Díaz ya yi kunnen doki da Al- Hilal da ci 0-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=التعادل السلبي يحسم ذهاب قمة العين والهلال الآسيوية |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=615772 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba, Díaz ya sa Al-Hilal ta cancanci zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC bayan ta doke Al-Ain da ci 3-0. Bayan haka, ya ɗauki Gelmin Rivas don zama ɗan wasa na shida da ya yi rijista a ƙasar waje a kakar wasa ta 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=نت |first=العربية |date=11 September 2017 |title=الهلال يعزز خط هجومه بالفنزويلي ريفاس |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/sport/saudi-sport/2017/09/11/الفنزويلي-ريفاس-إلى-الهلال-.html |website=العربية نت}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Satumba, Ramón Díaz ya lashe wasa na uku a kakar wasa da Ohod da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رياضي / الهلال يفوز على أحد بهدف دون مقابل في الدوري السعودي وكالة الأنباء السعودية |url=http://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=ar&newsid=1666677}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Satumba, Al-Hilal ta yi kunnen doki da Al-Ittihad da ci 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2017 |title=بالفيديو : الهلال يتعادل مع الاتحاد بهدفٍ لكلٍ منهما • صحيفة المرصد |url=https://al-marsd.com/158337.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730085422/https://al-marsd.com/158337.html |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=30 July 2019}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, Diaz ya sanya Al-Hilal ta lashe gasar Riyadh Derby da [[Al-Nassr]] . A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, Díaz da tawagarsa sun yi kunnen doki a zagaye na farko na wasan karshe na gasar zakarun AFC da Urawa Red Diamonds 1-1 a Riyadh. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, sun sha kashi a karo na biyu da ci 1-0 wanda hakan ya sa suka zama na biyu a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McKirdy |first=Andrew |date=25 November 2017 |title=Urawa Reds clinch Asian Champions League title on late goal against Al Hilal |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2017/11/25/soccer/urawa-reds-clinch-asian-champions-league-title-late-goal-al-hilal/ |via=Japan Times Online}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, ya jagoranci tawagarsa wajen yin nasara a kan Al-Ahli da ci 2-0. A ranar 17 ga Disamba, Díaz da tawagarsa sun sha kashi a wasansu na farko a gasar da Al-Fayha da ci 2-1. Bayan haka, Diaz ya yi nasara a kan Ohod da ci 4-1. A ranar 20 ga Janairu, Al-Hilal ta sha kashi a hannun Al-Qadisyah a zagaye na 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2018 |title=بعد خروج الهلال من كأس الملك.. مغردون: سامي الجابر مطلب هلالي |url=https://www.almowaten.net/2018/01/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%a3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83-%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b3%d8%a7/ |website=صحيفة المواطن الإلكترونية}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, Al-Hilal ta yi canjaras a wasanta na farko a sabon filin wasanta na King Saud University Stadium da Al-Ain 0-0 a gasar zakarun Turai. A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, Al-Hilal ta sha kashi a hannun Esteghlal da ci 1-0 a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Oman. A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 2018, Al-Hilal ta kori Díaz saboda rashin kyawun aikinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2018 |title=Saudi giants Al Hilal sack Ramon Diaz |url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/afc-champions-league/802868/saudi-giants-al-hilal-sack-ramon-diaz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006221730/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/afc-champions-league/802868/saudi-giants-al-hilal-sack-ramon-diaz/ |archive-date=6 October 2019 |access-date=21 February 2018 |website=FOX Sports Asia}}</ref> === Dala === A ranar 26 ga Janairun 2019, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kungiyar Pyramids FC ta Masar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Ramón Díaz, nuevo entrenador de Pyramids de Egipto |trans-title=Ramón Díaz, new manager of Pyramids from Egypt |url=https://argentina.as.com/argentina/2019/01/26/futbol/1548531978_523050.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Diario AS]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar a ranar 27 ga Mayu, bayan wasanni 12 kacal. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2019 |title=Ramón Díaz se desvinculó de Pyramids de Egipto |trans-title=Ramón Díaz left Pyramids from Egypt |url=https://www.tycsports.com/futbol-internacional/ramon-diaz-se-desvinculo-de-pyramids-de-egipto-20190527.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[TyC Sports]] |language=es}}</ref> === Libertad === A ranar 17 ga Disamba 2019, an sanar da Díaz a matsayin manajan Libertad, inda ya koma Paraguay bayan fiye da shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2019 |title=Libertad anuncia a Ramón Díaz como DT |trans-title=Libertad announce Ramón Díaz as manager |url=http://www.tigosports.com.py/futbol/libertad-anuncia-ramon-diaz-como-dt |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=Tigo Sports |language=es}}</ref> Ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2020, bayan rashin kyawun yanayin da kulob din ke ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2020 |title=Ramón Díaz deja Libertad |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves Libertad |url=https://www.hoy.com.py/deportes/ramon-diaz-deja-libertad |publisher=HOY |language=es}}</ref> === Botafogo === A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2020, an nada Díaz babban kocin na Serie A side Botafogo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=Novo técnico do Botafogo, Ramón Díaz desembarca no Rio de Janeiro |trans-title=New manager of Botafogo, Ramón Díaz set foot in Rio de Janeiro |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/botafogo/noticia/novo-tecnico-do-botafogo-ramon-diaz-desembarca-no-rio-de-janeiro.ghtml |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=GloboEsporte.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Daga baya ya koma ƙasarsa don yin tiyatar gaggawa don cire wani ƙari, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2020 |title=Botafogo: Ramón Díaz retirou tumor benigno em cirurgia de emergência e seguirá recuperação no Paraguai |trans-title=Botafogo: Ramón Díaz removed benign tumor in emergency surgery and will be recovering in Paraguay |url=https://www.espn.com.br/futebol/artigo/_/id/7747335/botafogo-ramon-diaz-retirou-tumor-benigno-em-cirurgia-de-emergencia-e-seguira-recuperacao-no-paraguai |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=[[ESPN Brasil]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> kuma rashin lafiyarsa ta daɗe saboda yanayin asibiti. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2020, Botafogo ya sanar da ficewar Díaz da ma'aikatansa daga ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2020 |title=Nota oficial |trans-title=Official note |url=https://botafogo.com.br/ler-noticia.php?cod=6051 |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=Botafogo FR |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar ba tare da ya jagoranci wasa ɗaya ba a gare su, domin wasanni uku da suka buga a lokacin (duk rashin nasara) mataimakinsa da ɗansa Emiliano Díaz ne suka jagoranci su. === Al Nassr === A watan Fabrairun 2021, Díaz ya amince da kwangilar da zai daɗe har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz lands at Al Nasr and probable Shoya Nakajima bow set to light up AGL MW15 |url=https://sport360.com/article/football/arabian-gulf-league/345813/ramon-diaz-lands-at-al-nasr-and-probable-shoya-nakajima-bow-set-to-light-up-agl-mw15 |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=sport360}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=رسميا..النصر يقيل كرونوسلاف والأرجنتيني دياز بديلا |url=https://www.albayan.ae/sports/emirates/2021-02-04-1.4083646 |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=albayan |language=ar}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar kimanin shekara guda bayan haka, bayan rashin kyawun tsarin gasar. === Komawa zuwa Al Hilal === A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2022, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin sabon kocin ƙungiyar [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] ta Saudi Professional League har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. <ref name="youngplayer">{{Cite tweet|user=Alhilal_EN|title=📃DIAZ to coach #AlHilal 💙|date=14 February 2022|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka, daga baya ya jagoranci Al Hilal ta doke Flamengo da ci 3-2 a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2023 |title=Al-Hilal record historic victory over Flamengo and could be Real Madrid's opponents in the Club World Cup final |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/cronica/2023/02/07/63e2c348ca47414e6c8b4567.html |publisher=Marca}}</ref> kafin ta sha kashi a wasan karshe da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] da ci 3-5. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2023 |title=Real Madrid 5-3 Al Hilal: Los Blancos score five in eight-goal thriller to win Club World Cup |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/club-world-cup/2022/real-madrid-v-al-hilal-club-world-cup-final-live_sto9381593/story.shtml |publisher=Eurosport}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun AFC ta 2022, ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 2-1 a jimilla a hannun Urawa Red Diamonds a karo na biyu bayan 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2023 |title=Urawa Red Diamonds beat Al-Hilal to win AFC Champions League |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en/football/video/urawa-red-diamonds-beat-al-hilal-to-win-afc-c/2085186 |publisher=beIN SPORTS}}</ref> Bayan ya lashe gasar cin kofin King Cup da Al-Wehda a watan Mayun 2023, Díaz ya yanke shawarar sauka daga mukaminsa ya koma kasarsa, domin ya kasance tare da iyalansa bayan mutuwar matarsa watanni biyu da suka gabata a hatsarin mota; a halin yanzu, dansa Emiliano ya zama manajan rikon kwarya na kungiyar har tsawon sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2023 |title=Ramon Diaz thanks Al Hilal 'for everything' as he leaves club for personal reasons |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2023/05/15/ramon-diaz-thanks-al-hilal-for-everything-as-he-leaves-club-for-personal-reasons/ |publisher=The National News}}</ref> === Vasco da Gama === A ranar 15 ga Yuli 2023, Díaz ya koma Brazil bayan an sanar da shi a matsayin babban kocin Vasco da Gama a matakin farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=Vasco anuncia contratação do técnico Ramón Díaz |trans-title=Vasco announce signing of head coach Ramón Díaz |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2023/07/15/vasco-anuncia-contratacao-do-tecnico-ramon-diaz.ghtml |access-date=15 July 2023 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya yi nasarar kaucewa faduwa daga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai da ƙungiyar a zagaye na ƙarshe na gasar Série A ta 2023, kuma ya sabunta kwangilarsa har zuwa 2025 a ranar 15 ga Disamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2023 |title=Vasco acerta renovação de Ramón Díaz até 2025 |trans-title=Vasco agree renewal of Ramón Díaz until 2025 |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2023/12/15/vasco-acerta-renovacao-de-ramon-diaz-ate-2025.ghtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2024, Vasco ta kori Díaz bayan ta sha kashi 4-0 a hannun Criciúma ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2024 |title=Ramón Díaz é demitido do Vasco |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is sacked from Vasco |url=https://www.band.uol.com.br/esportes/ramon-diaz-e-demitido-do-vasco-16685180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427225123/https://www.band.uol.com.br/esportes/ramon-diaz-e-demitido-do-vasco-16685180 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=[[Rede Bandeirantes]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> duk da cewa kafofin watsa labarai na Brazil sun ce ya yi murabus jim kaɗan bayan wasan, Díaz da ɗansa sun bayyana cewa an "kore su ta hanyar [[Twitter]] ". === Korintiyawa === A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, an sanar da Díaz a matsayin babban kocin Corinthians kan kwantiraginsa har zuwa Disamba 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2024 |title=Ramón Díaz é o novo treinador do Corinthians |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new head coach of Corinthians |url=https://www.corinthians.com.br/noticias/ramon-diaz-e-o-novo-treinador-do-corinthians |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=SC Corinthians Paulista |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa ga lashe gasar Campeonato Paulista ta 2025 a kan abokan hamayyarta Palmeiras, inda ya lashe kofi na 17 a tarihin aikinsa na koci, sannan ya zarce Helenio Herrera a matsayin kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2025 |title=Ramón vira técnico argentino com mais títulos na história após o Paulistão |trans-title=Ramón becomes the Argentine coach with the most titles in history after the ''Paulistão'' |url=https://www.uol.com.br/esporte/futebol/ultimas-noticias/2025/03/28/titulo-no-corinthians-faz-ramon-diaz-virar-tecnico-argentino-mais-vencedor.htm |publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL Esporte]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Amma a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 2025, ƙungiyar ta kori Díaz bayan rashin nasara a gida da ci 2-0 a hannun Fluminense . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2025 |title=Ramón Díaz deixa o comando técnico do Corinthians |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves the technical command of Corinthians |url=https://www.corinthians.com.br/noticias/ramon-diaz-deixa-o-comando-tecnico-do-corinthians |access-date=17 April 2025 |publisher=SC Corinthians Paulista |language=pt-BR}}</ref> === Ƙasashen Duniya === A ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2025, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin Internacional a matakin farko na Brazil. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2025 |title=Ramón Díaz é o novo técnico do Internacional |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new head coach of Internacional |url=https://internacional.com.br/noticias/masculino/ramon-diaz-e-o-novo-tecnico-do-internacional |access-date=25 September 2025 |publisher=SC Internacional |language=pt-BR}}</ref> An kore shi a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, zagaye biyu kafin karshen kakar wasa, yayin da kungiyar ta shiga yankin da za ta fadi daga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2025 |title=Inter demite Ramón Díaz a duas rodadas do fim do Brasileirão |trans-title=Inter sack Ramón Díaz two rounds before the end of the ''Brasileirão'' |url=https://ge.globo.com/rs/futebol/times/internacional/noticia/2025/11/29/inter-demite-ramon-diaz-a-duas-rodadas-do-fim-do-brasileirao.ghtml |access-date=29 November 2025 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-br}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coppa Italia]], [[Coupe de France]], [[Emperor's Cup]].}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[J.League Cup]].}} ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |River Plate |1978 | rowspan="4" |Argentine Primera División |14 |5 | | | | |14 |5 |- |1979 |22 |12 | | | | |22 |12 |- |1980 |40 |22 | | | | |40 |22 |- |1981 |47 |18 | | | | |47 |18 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !123 !57 ! ! ! ! !123 !57 |- |Napoli |1982–83 |Serie A |25 |3 | | | | |25 |3 |- | rowspan="4" |Avellino |1983–84 | rowspan="3" |Serie A |24 |7 | | | | |24 |7 |- |1984–85 |27 |5 | | | | |27 |5 |- |1985–86 |27 |10 | | | | |27 |10 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !78 !22 ! ! ! ! !78 !22 |- | rowspan="3" |Fiorentina |1986–87 | rowspan="2" |Serie A |29 |10 | | | | |29 |10 |- |1987–88 |24 |7 | | | | |24 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !53 !17 ! ! ! ! !53 !17 |- |Inter Milan |1988–89 |Serie A |33 |12 |7 |1 |3 |2 |43 |15 |- | rowspan="3" |Monaco |1989–90 | rowspan="2" |[[Ligue 1|Division 1]] |28 |15 | | | | |28 |15 |- |1990–91 |32 |9 | | | | |32 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !60 !24 ! ! ! ! !60 !24 |- | rowspan="3" |River Plate |1991–92 | rowspan="2" |Argentine Primera División |31 |20 | | | | |31 |20 |- |1992–93 |21 |7 | | | | |21 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !52 !27 ! ! ! ! !52 !27 |- | rowspan="4" |Yokohama Marinos |1993 | rowspan="3" |J1 League |32 |28 |3 |1 |5 |3 |40 |32 |- |1994 |37 |23 |4 |2 |3 |1 |44 |26 |- |1995 |6 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– |6 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !75 !52 !7 !3 !8 !4 !90 !59 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !499 !214 !7 !3 !8 !4 !514 !221 |} {{Notelist}} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === [[Fayil:Argentina_u20_ramon_diaz_festeja_final.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Díaz yana murnar cin kwallo a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan kasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta zura da kuma shekarar da ta gabata <ref>{{NFT player|19296}}</ref> ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="4" | Argentina | 1979 | 1 | 1 |- | 1980 | 9 | 4 |- | 1981 | 4 | 1 |- | 1982 | 8 | 4 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 22 ! 10 |} == Ƙididdigar gudanarwa == {{Updated|match played on 28 November 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Managerial record by team and tenure ! rowspan="2" |Team ! rowspan="2" |Nat. ! rowspan="2" |From ! rowspan="2" |To ! colspan="8" |Record ! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- !{{Tooltip|G|Games managed}} !{{Tooltip|W|Games won}} !{{Tooltip|D|Games drawn}} !{{Tooltip|L|Games lost}} !{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} !{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} !{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} !{{Tooltip|Win %|Winning percentage}} |- | align="left" |River Plate |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |8 July 1995 | align="left" |11 February 2000 {{WDL|252|126|66|60|for=451|against=303|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |River Plate |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |1 July 2001 | align="left" |30 June 2002 {{WDL|52|29|14|9|for=111|against=49|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |[[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] |{{Flagicon|England}} | align="left" |9 December 2004 | align="left" |4 May 2005 {{WDL|25|10|7|8|for=34|against=36|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |San Lorenzo |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |24 December 2006 | align="left" |12 June 2008 {{WDL|68|37|14|17|for=104|against=77|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |América |{{Flagicon|Mexico}} | align="left" |25 June 2008 | align="left" |12 February 2009 {{WDL|24|7|9|8|for=32|against=36|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |San Lorenzo |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |25 May 2010 | align="left" |24 April 2011 {{WDL|30|10|9|11|for=29|against=29|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Independiente |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |12 September 2011 | align="left" |5 March 2012 {{WDL|20|7|5|8|for=21|against=20|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |River Plate |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |30 November 2012 | align="left" |27 May 2014 {{WDL|66|30|17|19|for=76|against=57|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Paraguay |{{Flagicon|Paraguay}} | align="left" |4 December 2014 | align="left" |12 June 2016 {{WDL|20|3|9|8|for=18|against=28|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |[[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] |{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} | align="left" |15 October 2016 | align="left" |20 February 2018 {{WDL|65|41|18|6|for=126|against=58|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Al-Ittihad |{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} | align="left" |1 July 2018 | align="left" |15 September 2018 {{WDL|4|0|1|3|for=2|against=7|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Pyramids |{{Flagicon|Egypt}} | align="left" |14 February 2019 | align="left" |27 May 2019 {{WDL|13|8|4|1|for=22|against=9|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Libertad |{{Flagicon|Paraguay}} | align="left" |20 December 2019 | align="left" |24 September 2020 {{WDL|24|14|4|6|for=45|against=29|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Botafogo |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |4 November 2020 | align="left" |27 November 2020 {{WDL|0|0|0|0|for=0|against=0|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Al Nasr |{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} | align="left" |4 February 2021 | align="left" |7 February 2022 {{WDL|37|14|8|15|for=56|against=46|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |[[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] |{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} | align="left" |14 February 2022 | align="left" |14 May 2023 {{WDL|60|39|12|9|for=123|against=53|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Vasco da Gama |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |15 July 2023 | align="left" |27 April 2024 {{WDL|41|17|11|13|for=58|against=52|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Corinthians |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |10 July 2024 | align="left" |17 April 2025 {{WDL|60|31|16|13|for=94|against=62|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Olimpia |{{Flagicon|Paraguay}} | align="left" |17 July 2025 | align="left" |24 August 2025 {{WDL|7|2|2|3|for=7|against=11|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Internacional |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |24 September 2025 | align="left" |29 November 2025 {{WDL|13|3|5|5|for=13|against=17|diff=yes}} | |- ! colspan="4" |Total {{WDLtot|881|428|230|223|for=1422|against=979|diff=yes}} !— |} == Daraja == === Ɗan wasa === '''Farantin Kogi''' * Primera División Argentina : 1979 Metropolitano, 1979 Nacional, 1980 Metropolitano, 1981 Nacional, 1991 Apertura * Supercopa Libertadores ya zo na biyu: 1991 '''Inter Milan''' * Serie A : 1988–89 '''Monaco''' * Coupe de France : 1990–91 * Wanda ya zo na biyu [[Ligue 1|a gasar Ligue 1]] : 1990–91 '''Yokohama Marinos''' * J1 League : 1995 '''Argentina 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa ta Duniya ta FIFA : 1979 <ref name="japan1979">{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Youth Championship Japan 1979&nbsp;– Awards |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061634/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=16 June 2019 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Takalmin Zinare na Gasar Matasa ta Duniya ta FIFA : 1979 <ref name="japan1979">{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Youth Championship Japan 1979&nbsp;– Awards |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061634/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=16 June 2019 |publisher=FIFA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061634/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html "FIFA World Youth Championship Japan 1979&nbsp;– Awards"]. FIFA. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html the original] on 6 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> * Ƙungiyar Serie A ta Shekara : 1986 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guerin Sportivo Serie A Team of the Year |url=https://www.bigsoccer.com/threads/serie-a-guerin-sportivo-1980-1991-every-game-with-player-ratings.2085771/ |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=BigSoccer}}</ref> * Primera División Argentina Babban Mawaƙa : 1991 Apertura * Ɗan Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Kudancin Amurka na Shekara Matsayi na biyu: 1991 * Tawagar Kudancin Amurka ta shekara: 1991 * Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallo a J.League : 1993 <ref name="JLE" /> * J.League Mafi Kyawun 'Yan Wasa 11 : 1993 <ref name="JLE">{{Cite web |title=『Ｊリーグアウォーズ』〜Ｊリーグ年間表彰式〜 Best Eleven |url=http://www.jleague.jp/stats/awards_eleven.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206193826/http://www.jleague.jp/stats/awards_eleven.html |archive-date=6 February 2016 |access-date=6 February 2016 |website=jleague.jp}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan – J-League Awards |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/jap-poy.html |access-date=7 February 2016 |publisher=RSSSF}}</ref> === Manaja === '''Farantin Kogi''' * Primera División Argentina : 1996 Apertura, 1997 Clausura, 1997 Apertura, 1999 Apertura, 2002 Clausura, 2014 Karshe * Gasar Copa Campeonato : 2014 * Copa Libertadores : 1996 * Super Cup Libertadores : 1997 * Gasar Cin [[Kofin Intercontinental]] ta zo ta biyu: 1996 * Recopa Sudamericana : 1997, 1998 '''San Lorenzo''' * Primera División Argentina : 2007 Clausura '''Al-Hilal''' * Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru ta Saudiyya : 2016–17, 2021–22 * Kofin Sarki : 2017, 2022–23 ; wanda ya zo na biyu 2021–22 * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar zakarun AFC : 2017, 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2023 |title=Ramon Diaz praises Al Hilal's 'champion personality' after ACL final defeat to Urawa |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2023/05/06/ramon-diaz-praises-al-hilals-champion-personality-after-acl-final-defeat-to-urawa/ |publisher=The National News}}</ref> * Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA Clubs : 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2023 |title=Al Hilal coach Ramon Diaz on running Real Madrid close: We hope we entertained you |url=https://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/al-hilal-coach-ramon-diaz-on-running-real-madrid-close-we-hope-we-entertained-you-4446925 |publisher=Tribal Football}}</ref> '''Al-Ittihad''' * Gasar cin kofin Saudi Super Cup ta zo ta biyu: 2018 '''Al-Nasr''' * Gasar cin kofin League ta UAE : 2020–21 * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin shugaban ƙasar UAE : 2020–21 '''Korintiyawa''' * Campeonato Paulista : 2025 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Kocin Gasar EFL na Biyu na Watan : Janairu 2005 * Kocin Ƙwararrun Gasar Saudiyya na Watan : Maris 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |title=سباق الاتحاد والهلال يقودهما إلى جوائز مارس |url=https://spl.sa/ar/news/4109}}</ref> Mayu & Yuni 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=دياز المدرب الأفضل.. وسليتي والمعيوف والعقيدي يحصدون جوائز مايو ويونيو |url=https://spl.sa/ar/news/4164}}</ref> == Bayanan kula == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{NFT player}} * Ramón Díaz at J.League (archive) (in Japanese) * [https://www.shrh.org/ Díaz's interview] on shrh.org [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == 996cp5dpmkd2ny1lckisbeanid263gx 887817 887816 2026-07-26T16:48:05Z Abdurra'uf 23412 gyara 887817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ramón Ángel Díaz''' ({{IPA|es|raˈmon ˈaŋxel ˈdi.as}} ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1959) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. Shi ne kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi da lashe kofuna 17, kocin na biyu mafi nasara a tarihin River Plate bayan Marcelo Gallardo da kuma kocin da ya fi samun nasara a gasar Primera División ta Argentina tare da Ángel Labruna . Díaz ya taka rawar gani a kungiyar River Plate da kuma tawagar kasar Argentina a matsayin dan wasan gaba, kuma ya horar da kungiyar sau uku, inda ya lashe kofuna takwas. Ana kuma kiransa da sunan ''El Pelado'' ("Baldy"). == Aikin kulob == === Farantin Kogi === [[Fayil:Ramon_diaz_elgrafico.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Díaz yana buga wa River Plate wasa a shekarar 1981]] An haife shi a La Rioja, Díaz ɗan wasan matasa ne na River Plate, kuma ya kasance abin jan hankali a ƙarƙashin manajan matasa Norberto Yácono . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko - Primera División - a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1978, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a kan Colón, yayin da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da wani tsari na daban yayin da 'yan wasan farko na ƙungiyar suka fita zuwa Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=El debut de Ramón Díaz hace 42 años: los grandes de gira y los juveniles en Primera |trans-title=The debut of Ramón Díaz 42 years ago: the greats on tour and the youth in ''Primera'' |url=https://lapaginamillonaria.com/riverplate/El-debut-de-Ramon-Diaz-hace-42-anos-los-grandes-de-gira-y-los-juveniles-en-Primera-20200813-0007.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=La Página Millonaria |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1978, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Quilmes . Ya ci gaba da zama ɗan wasan farko a ƙungiyar, musamman inda ya zira kwallaye 22 a gasar a kakar wasa ta 1980 . === Italiya === A shekarar 1982, Díaz ya koma ƙasar waje a karon farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Serie A ta Italiya Napoli . Duk da kammala kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta daya a kulob din a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye takwas, kakar wasa ta Napoli ta kasance abin takaici yayin da suka kare a matsayi na 10, maki biyu kacal kafin su fadi daga gasar. A shekarar 1983, Díaz ya fara komawa Avellino a matsayin aro, inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya fara wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa uku da ya yi, kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a kakar wasa ta 1985-86 . A watan Yulin 1986, ya koma Fiorentina kan kuɗin lira biliyan 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 1986 |title=Milan, debutto con show |trans-title=Milan, debut with a show |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1986/07/16/milan-debutto-con-show.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yulin 1988, Díaz ya amince da yarjejeniyar aro da Inter Milan a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Rabah Madjer]], wanda hakan ya gaza cimma burinsa na duba lafiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 1988 |title=Inter, Diaz batte Madjer... |trans-title=Inter, Díaz defeats Madjer... |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/07/21/inter-diaz-batte-madjer.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[la Repubblica]] |language=it}}</ref> Duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 15 a kakar wasa ta bana, kasancewarsa na biyu mafi kyawun dan wasan da ya zura kwallaye a kungiyar (bayan Aldo Serena ), Inter ba ta sayi shi ba, daga baya kuma Jürgen Klinsmann ya maye gurbinsa. === Komawa Monaco da River Plate da kuma yin ritaya === A shekarar 1989, Díaz ya koma kulob din Monaco na Faransa, kuma ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 1990-91 tare da kulob din. A shekarar 1991, ya koma kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi zura kwallaye a gasar Apertura ta 1991 . A ƙarshen aikinsa, Díaz shine Babban ɗan wasan J.League a shekarar 1993 tare da Yokohama Marinos a Japan, kuma shine ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Yokohama derby, inda ya zira kwallaye 8 a kan Yokohama Flügels . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Argentina_vs_urss_1979.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Diaz (da ƙwallon) yana bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] Díaz yana cikin ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Argentina wadda ta lashe gasar FIFA World Youth Championship a shekarar 1979, tare da [[Diego Maradona]] . Díaz da Maradona su ne ginshiƙin ƙungiyar da ke da ra'ayin kai hari, kuma tare suka zira kwallaye 14 cikin 20 na ƙungiyar (70%). Díaz ya zura kwallaye 8, inda ya lashe kyautar Golden Boot saboda kasancewarsa wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. Maradona ya zura kwallaye 6, inda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa. Daga nan Díaz ya ci gaba da buga wasa a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 1982|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1982]] kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] a wasan da Argentina ta sha kashi da ci 3-1. An yi ta rade-radin cewa shi da Maradona sun shiga cikin rikicin da ya hana Díaz bugawa Argentina wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. Duk da haka, Maradona ya musanta hakan a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa ''Yo soy el Diego'', yana mai cewa ya shaida wa manajan Argentina na lokacin, Carlos Bilardo, cewa yana son Diaz ya kasance a cikin 'yan wasan da suka buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1986 da 1990. <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Ramon Angel Diaz |url=http://ramondiaz.com/en/biografia/ |website=Ramon Diaz.com}}</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == === Farantin Kogi === A shekarar 1995, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kulob dinsa na farko a River Plate, inda ya maye gurbin Carlos Babington da aka kora; manufarsa a lokacin ita ce ya buga wa kulob din wasa kafin ya yi ritaya, amma shugaban Alfredo Davicce ya gayyace shi a matsayin manaja. Wasansa na farko a matsayin kocin kungiyar ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a Copa Libertadores da Vélez Sarsfield . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=La primera vez de Ramón Díaz como DT de River |trans-title=The first time of Ramón Díaz as manager of River |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/280846-la-primera-vez-de-ramon-diaz-como-dt-de-river |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> Díaz ya lashe gasar Libertadores ta 1996 da kuma Supercopa Libertadores ta 1997 tare da River, <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=January 2005 |title=Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramon-diaz-globe-trotting-thoroughbred-commits-to-oxford-cause-14074.html "Ramon Diaz: Globe-trotting thoroughbred commits to Oxford cause"]. ''The Independent''. London. January 2005.</cite></ref> baya ga kofunan lig guda hudu a kakarsa ta farko. Ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar a watan Fabrairun 2000, bayan rashin nasara a wasan sada zumunci da suka yi da Boca Juniors da ci 2-1, sannan kuma bayan ya yi jayayya da hukumar gudanarwar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2000 |title=A Ramón le dieron el toque |trans-title=They gave Ramón the touch |url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-02/00-02-12/pag19.htm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Página 12 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2001, Díaz ya amince ya koma River, inda ya maye gurbin magajinsa Américo Gallego . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2001 |title=Ramón Díaz volvió a River |trans-title=Ramón Díaz returned to River |url=https://www.ambito.com/portada-principal/ramon-diaz-volvio-river-n3122681 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ámbito |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake lashe wani kofi na gasar ( Gasar Clausura ta 2002 ), amma Manuel Pellegrini ya maye gurbinsa a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2002, yayin da kulob din ya zabi kin sabunta kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2002 |title=Ramón Díaz deja River Plate |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves River Plate |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2002/05/20/futbol_internacional/1021915211.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |language=es}}</ref> === Oxford United === A ranar 9 ga Disamba 2004, Díaz ya maye gurbin Graham Rix a matsayin manajan kulob din [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] na Ingila na biyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2004 |title=Oxford name Diaz as new manager |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4082191.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin, Díaz ya shaida wa manema labarai cewa: "Ina son ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila kuma ina son in sami gogewa ta farko... Na ga abubuwa da yawa a talabijin... Haka kuma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a yi aiki a wannan matakin, domin ya bambanta da ƙwallon ƙafa a saman." An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa babu Díaz ko ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatansa biyar da ke ɗakin bayan gida da ke Oxford United ke biyansu albashi saboda ayyukansu. <ref name="Profile" /> A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2005, Díaz ya yi murabus daga Oxford bayan "tattaunawar da aka yi kan sabuwar kwangila ta wargaje". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2005 |title=Argentine Diaz leaves Oxford helm |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/o/oxford_utd/4514565.stm |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === San Lorenzo === A ranar 24 ga Disamba 2006, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin San Lorenzo a kakar wasa mai zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=San Lorenzo appoint former U's boss Diaz |url=https://www.espnfc.com/story/397356/san-lorenzo-appoint-former-us-boss-diaz |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Clausura ta 2007, gasar da ta fara lashewa a cikin shekaru shida. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta San Lorenzo ta cancanci shiga gasar Copa Libertadores ta 2008, kungiyar Díaz ta sha kashi a hannun zakarun gasar LDU Quito a watan Mayu, kuma ya yi murabus daga kungiyar a ranar 28 ga Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2008 |title=Chau Ramón Díaz: renunció como DT de San Lorenzo |trans-title=Bye Ramón Díaz: resigned as manager of San Lorenzo |url=https://www.perfil.com/noticias/deportes/chau-ramon-diaz-renuncio-como-dt-de-san-lorenzo-20080528-0028.phtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Perfil]] |language=es}}</ref> === Kulob ɗin Amurka === A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2008, an tabbatar da Diaz a matsayin sabon kocin Club América . Duk da cewa kulob din bai bayyana takamaiman bayanai game da kwantiragin Diaz ba, an ruwaito cewa an yi masa tayin dala miliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, gami da kari da suka shafi aiki wanda zai iya kai jimillar ribar da ya samu zuwa dala miliyan 6. Díaz ya kasa sanya Club América ta cancanci zuwa Copa Libertadores . A farkon kakar wasa ta Clausura ta 2009, Díaz ya yi nasara a kan Santos Laguna 2-1, ya yi kunnen doki da Toluca 2-2, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Morelia 1-0 da kuma Pachuca 3-1. Bayan rashin nasara sau biyu a jere a gasar, kuma ƙungiyar tana matsayi na 12 a teburin gasar, an kore shi a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Club America Sacks Diaz {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/114/mexico/2009/02/10/1103513/club-america-sacks-diaz |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Komawa zuwa San Lorenzo === A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2010, shugaban San Lorenzo Savino ya bayyana a hukumance cewa an nada Díaz a matsayin manaja a karo na biyu, bayan ya amince da kwangilar shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2010 |title=Ramón Díaz acordó su regreso a San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz agreed to his return to San Lorenzo |url=https://www.clarin.com/ultimo-momento/ramon-diaz-acordo-regreso-san-lorenzo_0_BJXfLSL0pYg.html |website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zabe na tsakiyar tebur a Apertura na 2010, ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2011, yana mai cewa yana son "yaƙi don samun mukamai na farko". <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz renunció en San Lorenzo |trans-title=Ramón Díaz resigned at San Lorenzo |url=https://www.espn.com.ar/noticias/nota?s=arg&id=1280524&type=story |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ESPN |language=es}}</ref> === Independiente === A kan 12 Satumba 2011, Independiente ya hayar Díaz don maye gurbin Antonio Mohamed, wanda ya yi murabus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2011 |title=Ramón Díaz es el nuevo técnico de Independiente |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new manager of Independiente |url=https://www.clarin.com/deportes/Ramon-Diaz-cerca-Independiente_0_S1eMA4phPQx.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris 2012, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a kulob din, wanda ya kasance yana fama da matsaloli kuma ya sami kansa a ƙarshen teburin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz quits Independiente {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/585/argentina/2012/03/05/2947124/ramon-diaz-quits-independiente |publisher=Goal}}</ref> === Sihiri na uku a River Plate === A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2012, Díaz ya koma River Plate a karo na uku a matsayin manaja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz returns to River Plate after being appointed coach {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/4500/main/2012/11/30/3566344/ramon-diaz-hired-as-new-river-plate-coach |publisher=Goal}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar Torneo Final a shekarar 2014, sannan ya lashe gasar Superfinal a kan tsohuwar kungiyar San Lorenzo da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2014 |title=River Plate claim the Copa Campeonato with victory over San Lorenzo (VIDEO) |url=https://golazoargentino.com/2014/05/25/river-plate-claim-the-copa-campeonato-with-victory-over-san-lorenzo-video/}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2014, Díaz ya bar River Plate. <ref>[https://www.fourfourtwo.com/my/news/diaz-leaves-river-plate]{{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> === Tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay === [[Fayil:Ramón_Díaz_(25920994911)_(2).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Díaz a lokacin wani taron manema labarai a matsayin kocin Paraguay, a shekarar 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2014, Díaz ya zama kocin tawagar 'yan wasan Paraguay . Ya ce: "Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da na fuskanta a rayuwata... Akwai aiki da yawa da zan yi". <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2014 |title=Paraguay name Argentine Diaz as coach |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/soccer-paraguay-coach/paraguay-name-argentine-diaz-as-coach-idINKCN0JI2M120141204 |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Babban gasarsa ta farko ita ce gasar Copa America ta 2015, inda wasansa na farko ya kasance da Argentina inda suka yi kunnen doki 2-2. Daga baya Paraguay ta doke Jamaica da ci 1-0 sannan ta yi kunnen doki 1-1 da Uruguay, inda ta kare a matsayi na biyu a rukuninsu. Paraguay ta yi nasara a wasan kusa da na karshe da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] da ci 1-1 (4-3 a bugun fenariti), amma ta sha kashi a hannun Argentina da ci 6-1 a wasan kusa da na karshe wanda hakan ya ba ta damar shiga zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai wanda suka sha kashi a hannun Peru da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya sanya Paraguay ta zama ta hudu a gasar Copa America. Ya kuma jagoranci ƙasar a gasar Copa América Centenario, inda aka fitar da Paraguay a matakin rukuni, ta hanyar yin kunnen doki da Costa Rica sannan aka sha kashi a hannun Colombia da ci 2-1 da kuma Amurka da ci 1-0. A ranar 12 ga Yuni 2016, bayan rashin nasara a gasar Copa América Centenario, Díaz ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan Paraguay. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paraguay manager Ramon Diaz resigns following Copa América elimination |url=http://www.espnfc.com/paraguay/story/2891510 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> === Al-Hilal === A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2016, an nada Ramón Díaz a matsayin manajan [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] bayan an kori tsohon manaja Gustavo Matosas <ref>{{Cite web |title=صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي رسميا .. الأرجنتيني رومان دياز مدربا للهلال - صحيفة شبكة الاعلام السعودي |url=http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730235328/http://a3lam-ksa.net.sa/?p=7518 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> tare da kwantiragin shekara guda. ==== kakar 2016–17 ==== Wasan farko da Ramón ya buga shine da Al-Fateh inda Al-Hilal ta yi nasara da ci 1-0. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, Rámon ya buga wasansa na farko mai muhimmanci da Al-Ahli inda suka yi nasara da ci 2-1. Ramón ya buga wasan daf da na Riyadh da [[Al-Nassr]] 1-1. Ramón ya yi nasara a kan Al-Taawon da ci 4-2. Ya yi nasara a kan Ittihad da ci 3-1. Ramón Diaz ya yi kunnen doki 0-0 da Al-Ahli, amma ya yi nasara a kan Al-Shabab da ci 2-1 don tabbatar da kambun gasar. Al-Hilal ta lashe gasar ne a hannun Al-Nassr a wasan da suka fafata a Riyadh Derby bayan ta yi nasara da ci 5-1 a gasar. Ramón Díaz ya sabunta kwangilarsa ta tsawon shekara guda akan dala miliyan 1.5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=أخبار الهلال ... حقيقة تجديد عقد رامون دياز مدرب الهلال - سبورت 360 عربية |url=https://arabic.sport360.com/article/الدوري-السعودي/نادي-الهلال/521321/أخبار-الهلال-حقيقة-تجديد-عقد-رامون-دياز-مدرب-الهلال/ |website=arabic.sport360.com}}</ref> Ramón ya zama na farko a gasar zakarun Turai bayan ya yi nasara a kan Al-Rayyan da ci 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=كووورة: الموقع العربي الرياضي الأول |url=https://m.kooora.com/?region=-6&team=144 |website=m.kooora.com}}</ref> Ramón ya sa Al-Hilal ta cancanci zuwa wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin King's bayan ta doke Al-Taawon da ci 3-4. Ramón Díaz ya lashe Kofin Sarki da Al-Ahli a wasan ƙarshe na 3–2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2017 |title=Al-Hilal wins King's Cup |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1101626/sports |website=Arab News}}</ref> Rámon Díaz ya lashe zagaye na 16 na gasar zakarun Turai a zagaye na farko da Esteghlal Khuzestan da ci 2-1. Díaz ya sake lashe zagaye na biyu da ci 2-1 [2-4 a kan AGG] wanda hakan ya sa Al-Hilal ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Hilal v Esteghlal Khuzestan Live Commentary & Result, 30/05/2017, AFC Champions League {{pipe}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/match/al-hilal-v-esteghlal-khuzestan/auwlpkhlkmh8arcqeyx2o59t5 |publisher=Goal}}</ref> ==== kakar 2017–18 ==== A ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, Díaz ya sayi [[Mukhtar Fallatah]] don ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya fara zura kwallo a kakar wasa ta bana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رسميا.. مختار فلاتة هلالي - |url=http://prosports.mbc.net/ar/championships/jameel-league/articles/رسميا---مختار-فلاتة-هلالي.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606061015/http://prosports.mbc.net/ar/championships/jameel-league/articles/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7---%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A.html |archive-date=6 June 2017 |website=prosports.mbc.net}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yunin 2017, Ramòn Díaz ya sanya [[Umar Khribin|Omar Kharbin]] a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa bayan ya koma aro, inda aka biya shi dala miliyan 11 (Ryals miliyan 44) sannan ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu da Al-Hilal. A ranar 10 ga Janairu, Díaz ya sayi Ali Al Bulaihi kyauta daga Al-Fateh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=الهلال السعودي يعلن ضم مدافع الفتح |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=598356 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli, Al-Hilal ya sanya hannu kan Mohamed Kanno da Hasan Kadish daga Ettifaq . <ref>{{Cite web |last=نت |first=العربية |date=4 July 2017 |title=الهلال يضم محمد كنو وحسن كادش من الاتفاق |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/sport/saudi-sport/2017/07/04/الهلال-يضم-محمد-كنو-وحسن-كادش-من-الاتفاق.html |website=العربية نت}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, Díaz ya lashe wasan farko na kakar wasa da ci 2-1 da Al-Fayha, wanda ya fara buga gasar. A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, Ramón Díaz ya lashe wasansa na biyu a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kasance tsakaninsa da Al-Taawoun da ci 4-3. A ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, Díaz ya yi kunnen doki da Al- Hilal da ci 0-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=التعادل السلبي يحسم ذهاب قمة العين والهلال الآسيوية |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=615772 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba, Díaz ya sa Al-Hilal ta cancanci zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun AFC bayan ta doke Al-Ain da ci 3-0. Bayan haka, ya ɗauki Gelmin Rivas don zama ɗan wasa na shida da ya yi rijista a ƙasar waje a kakar wasa ta 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |last=نت |first=العربية |date=11 September 2017 |title=الهلال يعزز خط هجومه بالفنزويلي ريفاس |url=https://www.alarabiya.net/ar/sport/saudi-sport/2017/09/11/الفنزويلي-ريفاس-إلى-الهلال-.html |website=العربية نت}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Satumba, Ramón Díaz ya lashe wasa na uku a kakar wasa da Ohod da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |title=رياضي / الهلال يفوز على أحد بهدف دون مقابل في الدوري السعودي وكالة الأنباء السعودية |url=http://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=ar&newsid=1666677}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Satumba, Al-Hilal ta yi kunnen doki da Al-Ittihad da ci 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2017 |title=بالفيديو : الهلال يتعادل مع الاتحاد بهدفٍ لكلٍ منهما • صحيفة المرصد |url=https://al-marsd.com/158337.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730085422/https://al-marsd.com/158337.html |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=30 July 2019}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, Diaz ya sanya Al-Hilal ta lashe gasar Riyadh Derby da [[Al-Nassr]] . A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, Díaz da tawagarsa sun yi kunnen doki a zagaye na farko na wasan karshe na gasar zakarun AFC da Urawa Red Diamonds 1-1 a Riyadh. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, sun sha kashi a karo na biyu da ci 1-0 wanda hakan ya sa suka zama na biyu a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McKirdy |first=Andrew |date=25 November 2017 |title=Urawa Reds clinch Asian Champions League title on late goal against Al Hilal |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2017/11/25/soccer/urawa-reds-clinch-asian-champions-league-title-late-goal-al-hilal/ |via=Japan Times Online}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, ya jagoranci tawagarsa wajen yin nasara a kan Al-Ahli da ci 2-0. A ranar 17 ga Disamba, Díaz da tawagarsa sun sha kashi a wasansu na farko a gasar da Al-Fayha da ci 2-1. Bayan haka, Diaz ya yi nasara a kan Ohod da ci 4-1. A ranar 20 ga Janairu, Al-Hilal ta sha kashi a hannun Al-Qadisyah a zagaye na 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2018 |title=بعد خروج الهلال من كأس الملك.. مغردون: سامي الجابر مطلب هلالي |url=https://www.almowaten.net/2018/01/%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%83%d8%a3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83-%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b3%d8%a7/ |website=صحيفة المواطن الإلكترونية}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, Al-Hilal ta yi canjaras a wasanta na farko a sabon filin wasanta na King Saud University Stadium da Al-Ain 0-0 a gasar zakarun Turai. A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, Al-Hilal ta sha kashi a hannun Esteghlal da ci 1-0 a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Oman. A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 2018, Al-Hilal ta kori Díaz saboda rashin kyawun aikinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2018 |title=Saudi giants Al Hilal sack Ramon Diaz |url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/afc-champions-league/802868/saudi-giants-al-hilal-sack-ramon-diaz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006221730/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/afc-champions-league/802868/saudi-giants-al-hilal-sack-ramon-diaz/ |archive-date=6 October 2019 |access-date=21 February 2018 |website=FOX Sports Asia}}</ref> === Dala === A ranar 26 ga Janairun 2019, an nada Díaz a matsayin manajan kungiyar Pyramids FC ta Masar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Ramón Díaz, nuevo entrenador de Pyramids de Egipto |trans-title=Ramón Díaz, new manager of Pyramids from Egypt |url=https://argentina.as.com/argentina/2019/01/26/futbol/1548531978_523050.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Diario AS]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar a ranar 27 ga Mayu, bayan wasanni 12 kacal. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2019 |title=Ramón Díaz se desvinculó de Pyramids de Egipto |trans-title=Ramón Díaz left Pyramids from Egypt |url=https://www.tycsports.com/futbol-internacional/ramon-diaz-se-desvinculo-de-pyramids-de-egipto-20190527.html |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[TyC Sports]] |language=es}}</ref> === Libertad === A ranar 17 ga Disamba 2019, an sanar da Díaz a matsayin manajan Libertad, inda ya koma Paraguay bayan fiye da shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2019 |title=Libertad anuncia a Ramón Díaz como DT |trans-title=Libertad announce Ramón Díaz as manager |url=http://www.tigosports.com.py/futbol/libertad-anuncia-ramon-diaz-como-dt |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=Tigo Sports |language=es}}</ref> Ya yi murabus a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2020, bayan rashin kyawun yanayin da kulob din ke ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2020 |title=Ramón Díaz deja Libertad |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves Libertad |url=https://www.hoy.com.py/deportes/ramon-diaz-deja-libertad |publisher=HOY |language=es}}</ref> === Botafogo === A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2020, an nada Díaz babban kocin na Serie A side Botafogo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=Novo técnico do Botafogo, Ramón Díaz desembarca no Rio de Janeiro |trans-title=New manager of Botafogo, Ramón Díaz set foot in Rio de Janeiro |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/botafogo/noticia/novo-tecnico-do-botafogo-ramon-diaz-desembarca-no-rio-de-janeiro.ghtml |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=GloboEsporte.com |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Daga baya ya koma ƙasarsa don yin tiyatar gaggawa don cire wani ƙari, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2020 |title=Botafogo: Ramón Díaz retirou tumor benigno em cirurgia de emergência e seguirá recuperação no Paraguai |trans-title=Botafogo: Ramón Díaz removed benign tumor in emergency surgery and will be recovering in Paraguay |url=https://www.espn.com.br/futebol/artigo/_/id/7747335/botafogo-ramon-diaz-retirou-tumor-benigno-em-cirurgia-de-emergencia-e-seguira-recuperacao-no-paraguai |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=[[ESPN Brasil]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> kuma rashin lafiyarsa ta daɗe saboda yanayin asibiti. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2020, Botafogo ya sanar da ficewar Díaz da ma'aikatansa daga ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2020 |title=Nota oficial |trans-title=Official note |url=https://botafogo.com.br/ler-noticia.php?cod=6051 |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=Botafogo FR |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar ba tare da ya jagoranci wasa ɗaya ba a gare su, domin wasanni uku da suka buga a lokacin (duk rashin nasara) mataimakinsa da ɗansa Emiliano Díaz ne suka jagoranci su. === Al Nassr === A watan Fabrairun 2021, Díaz ya amince da kwangilar da zai daɗe har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramon Diaz lands at Al Nasr and probable Shoya Nakajima bow set to light up AGL MW15 |url=https://sport360.com/article/football/arabian-gulf-league/345813/ramon-diaz-lands-at-al-nasr-and-probable-shoya-nakajima-bow-set-to-light-up-agl-mw15 |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=sport360}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=رسميا..النصر يقيل كرونوسلاف والأرجنتيني دياز بديلا |url=https://www.albayan.ae/sports/emirates/2021-02-04-1.4083646 |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=albayan |language=ar}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar kimanin shekara guda bayan haka, bayan rashin kyawun tsarin gasar. === Komawa zuwa Al Hilal === A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2022, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin sabon kocin ƙungiyar [[Al Hilal SFC|Al Hilal]] ta Saudi Professional League har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. <ref name="youngplayer">{{Cite tweet|user=Alhilal_EN|title=📃DIAZ to coach #AlHilal 💙|date=14 February 2022|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref> Duk da haka, daga baya ya jagoranci Al Hilal ta doke Flamengo da ci 3-2 a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2023 |title=Al-Hilal record historic victory over Flamengo and could be Real Madrid's opponents in the Club World Cup final |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/cronica/2023/02/07/63e2c348ca47414e6c8b4567.html |publisher=Marca}}</ref> kafin ta sha kashi a wasan karshe da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] da ci 3-5. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2023 |title=Real Madrid 5-3 Al Hilal: Los Blancos score five in eight-goal thriller to win Club World Cup |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/club-world-cup/2022/real-madrid-v-al-hilal-club-world-cup-final-live_sto9381593/story.shtml |publisher=Eurosport}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe na gasar zakarun AFC ta 2022, ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 2-1 a jimilla a hannun Urawa Red Diamonds a karo na biyu bayan 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2023 |title=Urawa Red Diamonds beat Al-Hilal to win AFC Champions League |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en/football/video/urawa-red-diamonds-beat-al-hilal-to-win-afc-c/2085186 |publisher=beIN SPORTS}}</ref> Bayan ya lashe gasar cin kofin King Cup da Al-Wehda a watan Mayun 2023, Díaz ya yanke shawarar sauka daga mukaminsa ya koma kasarsa, domin ya kasance tare da iyalansa bayan mutuwar matarsa watanni biyu da suka gabata a hatsarin mota; a halin yanzu, dansa Emiliano ya zama manajan rikon kwarya na kungiyar har tsawon sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2023 |title=Ramon Diaz thanks Al Hilal 'for everything' as he leaves club for personal reasons |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2023/05/15/ramon-diaz-thanks-al-hilal-for-everything-as-he-leaves-club-for-personal-reasons/ |publisher=The National News}}</ref> === Vasco da Gama === A ranar 15 ga Yuli 2023, Díaz ya koma Brazil bayan an sanar da shi a matsayin babban kocin Vasco da Gama a matakin farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=Vasco anuncia contratação do técnico Ramón Díaz |trans-title=Vasco announce signing of head coach Ramón Díaz |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2023/07/15/vasco-anuncia-contratacao-do-tecnico-ramon-diaz.ghtml |access-date=15 July 2023 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya yi nasarar kaucewa faduwa daga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai da ƙungiyar a zagaye na ƙarshe na gasar Série A ta 2023, kuma ya sabunta kwangilarsa har zuwa 2025 a ranar 15 ga Disamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2023 |title=Vasco acerta renovação de Ramón Díaz até 2025 |trans-title=Vasco agree renewal of Ramón Díaz until 2025 |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/times/vasco/noticia/2023/12/15/vasco-acerta-renovacao-de-ramon-diaz-ate-2025.ghtml |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2024, Vasco ta kori Díaz bayan ta sha kashi 4-0 a hannun Criciúma ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2024 |title=Ramón Díaz é demitido do Vasco |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is sacked from Vasco |url=https://www.band.uol.com.br/esportes/ramon-diaz-e-demitido-do-vasco-16685180 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427225123/https://www.band.uol.com.br/esportes/ramon-diaz-e-demitido-do-vasco-16685180 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=[[Rede Bandeirantes]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> duk da cewa kafofin watsa labarai na Brazil sun ce ya yi murabus jim kaɗan bayan wasan, Díaz da ɗansa sun bayyana cewa an "kore su ta hanyar [[Twitter]] ". === Korintiyawa === A ranar 10 ga Yuli 2024, an sanar da Díaz a matsayin babban kocin Corinthians kan kwantiraginsa har zuwa Disamba 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2024 |title=Ramón Díaz é o novo treinador do Corinthians |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new head coach of Corinthians |url=https://www.corinthians.com.br/noticias/ramon-diaz-e-o-novo-treinador-do-corinthians |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=SC Corinthians Paulista |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa ga lashe gasar Campeonato Paulista ta 2025 a kan abokan hamayyarta Palmeiras, inda ya lashe kofi na 17 a tarihin aikinsa na koci, sannan ya zarce Helenio Herrera a matsayin kocin Argentina mafi nasara a tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2025 |title=Ramón vira técnico argentino com mais títulos na história após o Paulistão |trans-title=Ramón becomes the Argentine coach with the most titles in history after the ''Paulistão'' |url=https://www.uol.com.br/esporte/futebol/ultimas-noticias/2025/03/28/titulo-no-corinthians-faz-ramon-diaz-virar-tecnico-argentino-mais-vencedor.htm |publisher=[[Universo Online|UOL Esporte]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Amma a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 2025, ƙungiyar ta kori Díaz bayan rashin nasara a gida da ci 2-0 a hannun Fluminense . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2025 |title=Ramón Díaz deixa o comando técnico do Corinthians |trans-title=Ramón Díaz leaves the technical command of Corinthians |url=https://www.corinthians.com.br/noticias/ramon-diaz-deixa-o-comando-tecnico-do-corinthians |access-date=17 April 2025 |publisher=SC Corinthians Paulista |language=pt-BR}}</ref> === Ƙasashen Duniya === A ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2025, an naɗa Díaz a matsayin babban kocin Internacional a matakin farko na Brazil. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2025 |title=Ramón Díaz é o novo técnico do Internacional |trans-title=Ramón Díaz is the new head coach of Internacional |url=https://internacional.com.br/noticias/masculino/ramon-diaz-e-o-novo-tecnico-do-internacional |access-date=25 September 2025 |publisher=SC Internacional |language=pt-BR}}</ref> An kore shi a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, zagaye biyu kafin karshen kakar wasa, yayin da kungiyar ta shiga yankin da za ta fadi daga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2025 |title=Inter demite Ramón Díaz a duas rodadas do fim do Brasileirão |trans-title=Inter sack Ramón Díaz two rounds before the end of the ''Brasileirão'' |url=https://ge.globo.com/rs/futebol/times/internacional/noticia/2025/11/29/inter-demite-ramon-diaz-a-duas-rodadas-do-fim-do-brasileirao.ghtml |access-date=29 November 2025 |publisher=[[Grupo Globo|ge]] |language=pt-br}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coppa Italia]], [[Coupe de France]], [[Emperor's Cup]].}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[J.League Cup]].}} ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |River Plate |1978 | rowspan="4" |Argentine Primera División |14 |5 | | | | |14 |5 |- |1979 |22 |12 | | | | |22 |12 |- |1980 |40 |22 | | | | |40 |22 |- |1981 |47 |18 | | | | |47 |18 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !123 !57 ! ! ! ! !123 !57 |- |Napoli |1982–83 |Serie A |25 |3 | | | | |25 |3 |- | rowspan="4" |Avellino |1983–84 | rowspan="3" |Serie A |24 |7 | | | | |24 |7 |- |1984–85 |27 |5 | | | | |27 |5 |- |1985–86 |27 |10 | | | | |27 |10 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !78 !22 ! ! ! ! !78 !22 |- | rowspan="3" |Fiorentina |1986–87 | rowspan="2" |Serie A |29 |10 | | | | |29 |10 |- |1987–88 |24 |7 | | | | |24 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !53 !17 ! ! ! ! !53 !17 |- |Inter Milan |1988–89 |Serie A |33 |12 |7 |1 |3 |2 |43 |15 |- | rowspan="3" |Monaco |1989–90 | rowspan="2" |[[Ligue 1|Division 1]] |28 |15 | | | | |28 |15 |- |1990–91 |32 |9 | | | | |32 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !60 !24 ! ! ! ! !60 !24 |- | rowspan="3" |River Plate |1991–92 | rowspan="2" |Argentine Primera División |31 |20 | | | | |31 |20 |- |1992–93 |21 |7 | | | | |21 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !52 !27 ! ! ! ! !52 !27 |- | rowspan="4" |Yokohama Marinos |1993 | rowspan="3" |J1 League |32 |28 |3 |1 |5 |3 |40 |32 |- |1994 |37 |23 |4 |2 |3 |1 |44 |26 |- |1995 |6 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– |6 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !75 !52 !7 !3 !8 !4 !90 !59 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !499 !214 !7 !3 !8 !4 !514 !221 |} {{Notelist}} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === [[Fayil:Argentina_u20_ramon_diaz_festeja_final.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Díaz yana murnar cin kwallo a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan kasa da shekara 20 ta 1979]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta zura da kuma shekarar da ta gabata <ref>{{NFT player|19296}}</ref> ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="4" | Argentina | 1979 | 1 | 1 |- | 1980 | 9 | 4 |- | 1981 | 4 | 1 |- | 1982 | 8 | 4 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 22 ! 10 |} == Ƙididdigar gudanarwa == {{Updated|match played on 28 November 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Managerial record by team and tenure ! rowspan="2" |Team ! rowspan="2" |Nat. ! rowspan="2" |From ! rowspan="2" |To ! colspan="8" |Record ! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- !{{Tooltip|G|Games managed}} !{{Tooltip|W|Games won}} !{{Tooltip|D|Games drawn}} !{{Tooltip|L|Games lost}} !{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} !{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} !{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} !{{Tooltip|Win %|Winning percentage}} |- | align="left" |River Plate |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |8 July 1995 | align="left" |11 February 2000 {{WDL|252|126|66|60|for=451|against=303|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |River Plate |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |1 July 2001 | align="left" |30 June 2002 {{WDL|52|29|14|9|for=111|against=49|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |[[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] |{{Flagicon|England}} | align="left" |9 December 2004 | align="left" |4 May 2005 {{WDL|25|10|7|8|for=34|against=36|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |San Lorenzo |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |24 December 2006 | align="left" |12 June 2008 {{WDL|68|37|14|17|for=104|against=77|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |América |{{Flagicon|Mexico}} | align="left" |25 June 2008 | align="left" |12 February 2009 {{WDL|24|7|9|8|for=32|against=36|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |San Lorenzo |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |25 May 2010 | align="left" |24 April 2011 {{WDL|30|10|9|11|for=29|against=29|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Independiente |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |12 September 2011 | align="left" |5 March 2012 {{WDL|20|7|5|8|for=21|against=20|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |River Plate |{{Flagicon|Argentina}} | align="left" |30 November 2012 | align="left" |27 May 2014 {{WDL|66|30|17|19|for=76|against=57|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Paraguay |{{Flagicon|Paraguay}} | align="left" |4 December 2014 | align="left" |12 June 2016 {{WDL|20|3|9|8|for=18|against=28|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |[[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] |{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} | align="left" |15 October 2016 | align="left" |20 February 2018 {{WDL|65|41|18|6|for=126|against=58|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Al-Ittihad |{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} | align="left" |1 July 2018 | align="left" |15 September 2018 {{WDL|4|0|1|3|for=2|against=7|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Pyramids |{{Flagicon|Egypt}} | align="left" |14 February 2019 | align="left" |27 May 2019 {{WDL|13|8|4|1|for=22|against=9|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Libertad |{{Flagicon|Paraguay}} | align="left" |20 December 2019 | align="left" |24 September 2020 {{WDL|24|14|4|6|for=45|against=29|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Botafogo |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |4 November 2020 | align="left" |27 November 2020 {{WDL|0|0|0|0|for=0|against=0|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Al Nasr |{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} | align="left" |4 February 2021 | align="left" |7 February 2022 {{WDL|37|14|8|15|for=56|against=46|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |[[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] |{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} | align="left" |14 February 2022 | align="left" |14 May 2023 {{WDL|60|39|12|9|for=123|against=53|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Vasco da Gama |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |15 July 2023 | align="left" |27 April 2024 {{WDL|41|17|11|13|for=58|against=52|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Corinthians |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |10 July 2024 | align="left" |17 April 2025 {{WDL|60|31|16|13|for=94|against=62|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Olimpia |{{Flagicon|Paraguay}} | align="left" |17 July 2025 | align="left" |24 August 2025 {{WDL|7|2|2|3|for=7|against=11|diff=yes}} | |- | align="left" |Internacional |{{Flagicon|Brazil}} | align="left" |24 September 2025 | align="left" |29 November 2025 {{WDL|13|3|5|5|for=13|against=17|diff=yes}} | |- ! colspan="4" |Total {{WDLtot|881|428|230|223|for=1422|against=979|diff=yes}} !— |} == Daraja == === Ɗan wasa === '''Farantin Kogi''' * Primera División Argentina : 1979 Metropolitano, 1979 Nacional, 1980 Metropolitano, 1981 Nacional, 1991 Apertura * Supercopa Libertadores ya zo na biyu: 1991 '''Inter Milan''' * Serie A : 1988–89 '''Monaco''' * Coupe de France : 1990–91 * Wanda ya zo na biyu [[Ligue 1|a gasar Ligue 1]] : 1990–91 '''Yokohama Marinos''' * J1 League : 1995 '''Argentina 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa ta Duniya ta FIFA : 1979 <ref name="japan1979">{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Youth Championship Japan 1979&nbsp;– Awards |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061634/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=16 June 2019 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Takalmin Zinare na Gasar Matasa ta Duniya ta FIFA : 1979 <ref name="japan1979">{{Cite web |title=FIFA World Youth Championship Japan 1979&nbsp;– Awards |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061634/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=16 June 2019 |publisher=FIFA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061634/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html "FIFA World Youth Championship Japan 1979&nbsp;– Awards"]. FIFA. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/archive/japan1979/awards/index.html the original] on 6 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> * Ƙungiyar Serie A ta Shekara : 1986 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guerin Sportivo Serie A Team of the Year |url=https://www.bigsoccer.com/threads/serie-a-guerin-sportivo-1980-1991-every-game-with-player-ratings.2085771/ |access-date=30 September 2024 |website=BigSoccer}}</ref> * Primera División Argentina Babban Mawaƙa : 1991 Apertura * Ɗan Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Kudancin Amurka na Shekara Matsayi na biyu: 1991 * Tawagar Kudancin Amurka ta shekara: 1991 * Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallo a J.League : 1993 <ref name="JLE" /> * J.League Mafi Kyawun 'Yan Wasa 11 : 1993 <ref name="JLE">{{Cite web |title=『Ｊリーグアウォーズ』〜Ｊリーグ年間表彰式〜 Best Eleven |url=http://www.jleague.jp/stats/awards_eleven.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206193826/http://www.jleague.jp/stats/awards_eleven.html |archive-date=6 February 2016 |access-date=6 February 2016 |website=jleague.jp}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan – J-League Awards |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/jap-poy.html |access-date=7 February 2016 |publisher=RSSSF}}</ref> === Manaja === '''Farantin Kogi''' * Primera División Argentina : 1996 Apertura, 1997 Clausura, 1997 Apertura, 1999 Apertura, 2002 Clausura, 2014 Karshe * Gasar Copa Campeonato : 2014 * Copa Libertadores : 1996 * Super Cup Libertadores : 1997 * Gasar Cin [[Kofin Intercontinental]] ta zo ta biyu: 1996 * Recopa Sudamericana : 1997, 1998 '''San Lorenzo''' * Primera División Argentina : 2007 Clausura '''Al-Hilal''' * Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru ta Saudiyya : 2016–17, 2021–22 * Kofin Sarki : 2017, 2022–23 ; wanda ya zo na biyu 2021–22 * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar zakarun AFC : 2017, 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2023 |title=Ramon Diaz praises Al Hilal's 'champion personality' after ACL final defeat to Urawa |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2023/05/06/ramon-diaz-praises-al-hilals-champion-personality-after-acl-final-defeat-to-urawa/ |publisher=The National News}}</ref> * Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA Clubs : 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2023 |title=Al Hilal coach Ramon Diaz on running Real Madrid close: We hope we entertained you |url=https://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/al-hilal-coach-ramon-diaz-on-running-real-madrid-close-we-hope-we-entertained-you-4446925 |publisher=Tribal Football}}</ref> '''Al-Ittihad''' * Gasar cin kofin Saudi Super Cup ta zo ta biyu: 2018 '''Al-Nasr''' * Gasar cin kofin League ta UAE : 2020–21 * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin shugaban ƙasar UAE : 2020–21 '''Korintiyawa''' * Campeonato Paulista : 2025 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Kocin Gasar EFL na Biyu na Watan : Janairu 2005 * Kocin Ƙwararrun Gasar Saudiyya na Watan : Maris 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |title=سباق الاتحاد والهلال يقودهما إلى جوائز مارس |url=https://spl.sa/ar/news/4109}}</ref> Mayu & Yuni 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=دياز المدرب الأفضل.. وسليتي والمعيوف والعقيدي يحصدون جوائز مايو ويونيو |url=https://spl.sa/ar/news/4164}}</ref> == Bayanan kula == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{NFT player}} * Ramón Díaz at J.League (archive) (in Japanese) * [https://www.shrh.org/ Díaz's interview] on shrh.org [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} jdwjp4g88fnhhhl09uk1pk60eoevieh 0 162315 887786 2026-07-26T15:58:46Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355096433|Kassim Doumbia]]" 887786 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kassim Doumbia''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1990) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Mali wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga Roeselare . Ya taɓa bugawa ASKO, Gent, Brussels, Waasland-Beveren, FH, da Maribor a baya. == Sana'a == Kassim Doumbia ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a titunan babban birnin Mali [[Bamako|na Bamako]] . Kulob ɗinsa na farko a ƙasarsa shine ASKO . A lokacin hunturu na kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da kulob din Gent na Belgium, inda ya shafe rabin farko na kakar wasa a kungiyar Gent ta B. A kakar wasa ta biyu, ƙungiyar ta ƙara masa matsayi zuwa ƙungiyar farko. Duk da haka, bai buga wani wasa a hukumance ba a kakar wasa ta 2009-10. A shekara ta 2010, an kore shi daga ƙungiyar rukuni na biyu ta Brussels a matsayin aro na tsawon shekara guda. A watan Yunin 2011, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da Waasland-Beveren na tsawon kakar wasa biyu masu zuwa, kuma a farkon lokacinsa da kulob din, an daukaka su zuwa gasar kwararru ta Belgian . A ranar 22 ga Disamba 2012 ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyarsa a wasan da suka buga da Cercle Brugge da ci 2-2. A watan Afrilun 2014, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din FH Hafnarfjörður na Iceland kuma ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa na tsawon shekaru biyu har zuwa karshen shekarar 2017. Tare da FH, ya lashe gasar cin kofin Iceland guda biyu. A watan Disamba na 2017, ya sanya hannu da kulob din Maribor na Slovenia. A watan Janairun 2019, ya bar ƙungiyar ba tare da buga wasa ko ɗaya ba a wasannin da aka buga a hukumance bayan an soke kwangilarsa da juna. Daga nan Doumbia ya koma kulob din Lierse Kempenzonen na Belgium a lokacin bazara na 2019. A watan Janairun 2020, an tura shi zuwa ƙungiyar B ta Lierse tare da François D'Onofrio . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|kassim-doumbia/86062}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] synfupx3xxaz668ge8ugug6vcse7zz9 887815 887786 2026-07-26T16:46:02Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kassim Doumbia''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1990) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Mali wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga Roeselare . Ya taɓa bugawa ASKO, Gent, Brussels, Waasland-Beveren, FH, da Maribor a baya. == Sana'a == Kassim Doumbia ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a titunan babban birnin Mali [[Bamako|na Bamako]] . Kulob ɗinsa na farko a ƙasarsa shine ASKO . A lokacin hunturu na kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da kulob din Gent na Belgium, inda ya shafe rabin farko na kakar wasa a kungiyar Gent ta B. A kakar wasa ta biyu, ƙungiyar ta ƙara masa matsayi zuwa ƙungiyar farko. Duk da haka, bai buga wani wasa a hukumance ba a kakar wasa ta 2009-10. A shekara ta 2010, an kore shi daga ƙungiyar rukuni na biyu ta Brussels a matsayin aro na tsawon shekara guda. A watan Yunin 2011, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da Waasland-Beveren na tsawon kakar wasa biyu masu zuwa, kuma a farkon lokacinsa da kulob din, an daukaka su zuwa gasar kwararru ta Belgian . A ranar 22 ga Disamba 2012 ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyarsa a wasan da suka buga da Cercle Brugge da ci 2-2. A watan Afrilun 2014, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din FH Hafnarfjörður na Iceland kuma ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa na tsawon shekaru biyu har zuwa karshen shekarar 2017. Tare da FH, ya lashe gasar cin kofin Iceland guda biyu. A watan Disamba na 2017, ya sanya hannu da kulob din Maribor na Slovenia. A watan Janairun 2019, ya bar ƙungiyar ba tare da buga wasa ko ɗaya ba a wasannin da aka buga a hukumance bayan an soke kwangilarsa da juna. Daga nan Doumbia ya koma kulob din Lierse Kempenzonen na Belgium a lokacin bazara na 2019. A watan Janairun 2020, an tura shi zuwa ƙungiyar B ta Lierse tare da François D'Onofrio. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|kassim-doumbia/86062}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3ly5k8f6cox6ik78exvkij5w1cpsn17 0 162316 887787 2026-07-26T16:01:33Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365757287|Andriy Yarmolenko]]" 887787 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Andriy Mykolayovych Yarmolenko''' ( Ukrainian ; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1989) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Ukraine wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] ko kuma ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ukraine Dynamo Kyiv kuma yana jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ukraine . Yarmolenko ya kasance cikakken ɗan wasa a ƙasar Ukraine tun daga shekarar 2009, inda ya zira kwallaye 47 a wasanni 126, sannan ya buga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a shekarun 2012, 2016, 2020 da 2024 . == Rayuwa ta farko == Iyayen Yarmolenko, 'yan asalin Ukrain, sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Smolianka, Kulykivka Raion, Chernihiv Oblast . Bayan aurensu, Valentyna da Mykola Yarmolenko sun ƙaura zuwa [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] inda aka haifi Andriy a shekarar 1989. <ref name="Tighe">{{Cite web |last=Tighe |first=Sam |title=Premier League-Linked Andriy Yarmolenko Is One of Europe's Underrated Players |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2550304-premier-league-linked-andriy-yarmolenko-is-one-of-europes-underrated-players |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa. Bayan shekaru uku (bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet ), iyalin sun koma ƙasarsu ta asali suka zauna a birnin Chernihiv . <ref name="uaftbl-3">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/458ab04c.html Андрей Ярмоленко: "Для академии "Динамо" был слаб" (Andriy Yarmolenko: I was too weak for Dynamo Kiev's youth academy)] interview with Lyudmila Rusanova of ''Komanda'' {{In lang|ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2019 |title=La storia dell'infanzia di Andriy Yarmolenko, oltre a fatti di biografie indicibili |url=https://lifebogger.com/it/la-storia-dell%27infanzia-di-andriy-yarmolenko%2C-oltre-a-fatti-di-biografia-non-raccontati/ |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=www.lifebogger.com}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa ta tuna cewa Andriy ya fara wasa da ƙwallon tun yana ɗan shekara 4-5. "A farko bai ma da ƙwallon da ta dace ba, don haka dole ne ya yi wasa da wadda ya yi da kansa. Mu talakawa ne kuma ƙwallon ƙafa ta gaske abin jin daɗi ne a wancan lokacin". <ref>{{Cite web |last=1927.kiev.ua |date=23 October 2013 |title=Хто не ходить, той і не падає |url=https://1927.kiev.ua/news/view/3426 |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=1927.kiev.ua |language=uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title="Він постійно з м'ячем". Батьки Андрія Ярмоленка розповіли про шлях сина до футболу |url=https://suspilne.media/175393-na-cernigivsini-policejski-sklali-21-protokol-na-pereviznikiv-za-porusenna-pravil-karantinu/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=www.suspilne.media}}</ref> Mykola Lypoviy ya lura da Yarmolenko wanda ya gayyace shi makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa (Makarantar Wasannin Matasa "Yunist" da ke Chernihiv) kuma ya zama kocinsa na farko. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Yarmolenko ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Wasannin Matasa ta Chernihiv "Yunist". Ya shiga Dynamo Kyiv Youth Academy yana da shekaru 13. Duk da haka, ya koma Chernihiv bayan shekara guda da ya kasa cika buƙatun motsa jiki a horo. <ref name="uaftbl-3" /> Kafin ya koma Dynamo Kyiv a 2007, ya buga wa Yunist Chernihiv, Desna Chernihiv, Lokomotyv Kyiv, Vidradnyi Kyiv da kuma Yunist Chernihiv. === Desna Chernihiv === A lokacin bazara na 2006, daga Yunist Chernihiv, ya koma Desna Chernihiv, babban kulob a Chernihiv, a ƙarƙashin kocin Oleksandr Tomakh . A nan ya buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2006–07 a gasar Ukrainian First League, inda ya buga wasanni tara kuma ya zura kwallaye hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andriy Yarmolenko |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oekr07.html |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=[[rsssf]].com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andriy Yarmolenko at FC Desna Chernihiv |url=https://www.desna.football/vihovanets-chernigivskogo-futbolu-v-dortmundskij-borusiyi/ |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=www.desna.football}}</ref> === Dynamo Kyiv === [[Fayil:Андрій_Ярмоленко.jpg|left|thumb|238x238px| Yarmolenko yana bugawa Dynamo Kyiv wasa a shekarar 2009]] A shekara ta 2007, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da kulob din Dynamo Kyiv na Ukraine, inda ya koma kungiyar ta biyu, Dynamo-2, wacce ke buga wasa a ƙananan lig, na tsawon shekaru biyu. 'Yan jarida sun yaba wa matashin mai hazaka a matsayin "sabon Andriy Shevchenko ", waɗanda suka lura da halayensa na kyawawan jiki, harbi da kuma musamman gudunsa. Mataimakin shugaban Dynamo na wancan lokacin, Yozhef Sabo, shi ma ya yaba wa matashin, yana mai cewa, "Yarmolenko yana da dukkan abubuwan da zai iya yi don zama ɗan wasa mai kyau." <ref name="uaftbl-1">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4587b2c9.html Андрей Ярмоленко перешел в "Динамо" (Andriy Yarmolenko moved to "Dynamo")] article on ua-football.com {{In lang|ru}}</ref> <ref name="uaftbl-2">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4587b2c9.html Уже не "Шева", а "Блохин" (Now not "Sheva", but "Blokhin")] article on ua-football.com {{In lang|ru}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2008, Yarmolenko ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar farko ta Dynamo wasa a wasan da suka buga da Vorskla Poltava a waje kuma ya zura ƙwallon da ta ba su nasara a wasan da suka yi da Kyiv da ci 2-1. <ref name="uaftbl-4">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4827e464.html Андрей Ярмоленко: "Мне просто повезло" (Andriy Yarmolenko: I was lucky)] interview with Dynamo's website {{In lang|ru}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye 7 a wasanni 21 a kakarsa ta farko, sannan ya zura kwallaye 11 a wasanni 19 a kakar wasa ta biyu. Yanzu ana amfani da shi akai-akai a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na hagu ko tsakiya. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] b1tzvh67gllnvk1zlcy48nwmrbrqri7 887788 887787 2026-07-26T16:03:49Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365757287|Andriy Yarmolenko]]" 887788 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Andriy Mykolayovych Yarmolenko''' ( Ukrainian ; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1989) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Ukraine wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] ko kuma ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ukraine Dynamo Kyiv kuma yana jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ukraine . Yarmolenko ya kasance cikakken ɗan wasa a ƙasar Ukraine tun daga shekarar 2009, inda ya zira kwallaye 47 a wasanni 126, sannan ya buga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a shekarun 2012, 2016, 2020 da 2024 . == Rayuwa ta farko == Iyayen Yarmolenko, 'yan asalin Ukrain, sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Smolianka, Kulykivka Raion, Chernihiv Oblast . Bayan aurensu, Valentyna da Mykola Yarmolenko sun ƙaura zuwa [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] inda aka haifi Andriy a shekarar 1989. <ref name="Tighe">{{Cite web |last=Tighe |first=Sam |title=Premier League-Linked Andriy Yarmolenko Is One of Europe's Underrated Players |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2550304-premier-league-linked-andriy-yarmolenko-is-one-of-europes-underrated-players |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa. Bayan shekaru uku (bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet ), iyalin sun koma ƙasarsu ta asali suka zauna a birnin Chernihiv . <ref name="uaftbl-3">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/458ab04c.html Андрей Ярмоленко: "Для академии "Динамо" был слаб" (Andriy Yarmolenko: I was too weak for Dynamo Kiev's youth academy)] interview with Lyudmila Rusanova of ''Komanda'' {{In lang|ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2019 |title=La storia dell'infanzia di Andriy Yarmolenko, oltre a fatti di biografie indicibili |url=https://lifebogger.com/it/la-storia-dell%27infanzia-di-andriy-yarmolenko%2C-oltre-a-fatti-di-biografia-non-raccontati/ |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=www.lifebogger.com}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa ta tuna cewa Andriy ya fara wasa da ƙwallon tun yana ɗan shekara 4-5. "A farko bai ma da ƙwallon da ta dace ba, don haka dole ne ya yi wasa da wadda ya yi da kansa. Mu talakawa ne kuma ƙwallon ƙafa ta gaske abin jin daɗi ne a wancan lokacin". <ref>{{Cite web |last=1927.kiev.ua |date=23 October 2013 |title=Хто не ходить, той і не падає |url=https://1927.kiev.ua/news/view/3426 |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=1927.kiev.ua |language=uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title="Він постійно з м'ячем". Батьки Андрія Ярмоленка розповіли про шлях сина до футболу |url=https://suspilne.media/175393-na-cernigivsini-policejski-sklali-21-protokol-na-pereviznikiv-za-porusenna-pravil-karantinu/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=www.suspilne.media}}</ref> Mykola Lypoviy ya lura da Yarmolenko wanda ya gayyace shi makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa (Makarantar Wasannin Matasa "Yunist" da ke Chernihiv) kuma ya zama kocinsa na farko. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Yarmolenko ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Wasannin Matasa ta Chernihiv "Yunist". Ya shiga Dynamo Kyiv Youth Academy yana da shekaru 13. Duk da haka, ya koma Chernihiv bayan shekara guda da ya kasa cika buƙatun motsa jiki a horo. <ref name="uaftbl-3" /> Kafin ya koma Dynamo Kyiv a 2007, ya buga wa Yunist Chernihiv, Desna Chernihiv, Lokomotyv Kyiv, Vidradnyi Kyiv da kuma Yunist Chernihiv. === Desna Chernihiv === A lokacin bazara na 2006, daga Yunist Chernihiv, ya koma Desna Chernihiv, babban kulob a Chernihiv, a ƙarƙashin kocin Oleksandr Tomakh . A nan ya buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2006–07 a gasar Ukrainian First League, inda ya buga wasanni tara kuma ya zura kwallaye hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andriy Yarmolenko |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oekr07.html |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=[[rsssf]].com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andriy Yarmolenko at FC Desna Chernihiv |url=https://www.desna.football/vihovanets-chernigivskogo-futbolu-v-dortmundskij-borusiyi/ |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=www.desna.football}}</ref> === Dynamo Kyiv === [[Fayil:Андрій_Ярмоленко.jpg|left|thumb|238x238px| Yarmolenko yana bugawa Dynamo Kyiv wasa a shekarar 2009]] A shekara ta 2007, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da kulob din Dynamo Kyiv na Ukraine, inda ya koma kungiyar ta biyu, Dynamo-2, wacce ke buga wasa a ƙananan lig, na tsawon shekaru biyu. 'Yan jarida sun yaba wa matashin mai hazaka a matsayin "sabon Andriy Shevchenko ", waɗanda suka lura da halayensa na kyawawan jiki, harbi da kuma musamman gudunsa. Mataimakin shugaban Dynamo na wancan lokacin, Yozhef Sabo, shi ma ya yaba wa matashin, yana mai cewa, "Yarmolenko yana da dukkan abubuwan da zai iya yi don zama ɗan wasa mai kyau." <ref name="uaftbl-1">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4587b2c9.html Андрей Ярмоленко перешел в "Динамо" (Andriy Yarmolenko moved to "Dynamo")] article on ua-football.com {{In lang|ru}}</ref> <ref name="uaftbl-2">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4587b2c9.html Уже не "Шева", а "Блохин" (Now not "Sheva", but "Blokhin")] article on ua-football.com {{In lang|ru}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2008, Yarmolenko ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar farko ta Dynamo wasa a wasan da suka buga da Vorskla Poltava a waje kuma ya zura ƙwallon da ta ba su nasara a wasan da suka yi da Kyiv da ci 2-1. <ref name="uaftbl-4">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4827e464.html Андрей Ярмоленко: "Мне просто повезло" (Andriy Yarmolenko: I was lucky)] interview with Dynamo's website {{In lang|ru}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye 7 a wasanni 21 a kakarsa ta farko, sannan ya zura kwallaye 11 a wasanni 19 a kakar wasa ta biyu. Yanzu ana amfani da shi akai-akai a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na hagu ko tsakiya. A wani wasa da aka yi a watan Oktoban 2015, Yarmolenko ya yi wani ƙalubale mai haɗari wanda ya kusan karya ƙafar ɗan wasan Shakhtar Donetsk Taras Stepanenko . Bayan wasan, 'yan wasan biyu sun yi sulhu bayan wasan kuma suka yi musayar riguna, amma daga baya Yarmolenko ya jefa rigar Stepanenko a ƙasa yayin da yake gode wa magoya bayan Dynamo. A wasan Shakhtar da Dynamo Derby a watan Afrilun 2016, bayan da Stepanenko ya ci 3-0, ya taka wa magoya bayan Dynamo birki yana sumbatar lambar yabo ta Shakhtar. A cikin faɗan da ya yi tsanani, Yarmolenko ya buge Stepanenko ƙasa. === Borussia Dortmund === A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da Borussia Dortmund . A ranar 10 ga Satumba 2017, ya fara buga wa Dortmund wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a minti 79 da fara wasansu da Freiburg. <ref>{{Cite web |last=September 2017 |first=FourFourTwo Staff 15 |date=15 September 2017 |title=Yarmolenko's Champions League cracker just the beginning, says Dortmund's Zorc |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/yarmolenkos-champions-league-cracker-just-beginning-says-dortmunds-zorc |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=fourfourtwo.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya fara buga wa Dortmund wasa da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a gasar zakarun Turai, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Dortmund ta ci a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1. === West Ham United === [[Fayil:Hertha_BSC_vs._West_Ham_United_20190731_(168).jpg|thumb| Yarmolenko tare da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a shekarar 2019]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] 9qltm0atulvnimjvmjd2dudubfqzi4a 887789 887788 2026-07-26T16:05:33Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365757287|Andriy Yarmolenko]]" 887789 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Andriy Mykolayovych Yarmolenko''' ( Ukrainian ; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1989) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Ukraine wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] ko kuma ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ukraine Dynamo Kyiv kuma yana jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ukraine . Yarmolenko ya kasance cikakken ɗan wasa a ƙasar Ukraine tun daga shekarar 2009, inda ya zira kwallaye 47 a wasanni 126, sannan ya buga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a shekarun 2012, 2016, 2020 da 2024 . == Rayuwa ta farko == Iyayen Yarmolenko, 'yan asalin Ukrain, sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Smolianka, Kulykivka Raion, Chernihiv Oblast . Bayan aurensu, Valentyna da Mykola Yarmolenko sun ƙaura zuwa [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] inda aka haifi Andriy a shekarar 1989. <ref name="Tighe">{{Cite web |last=Tighe |first=Sam |title=Premier League-Linked Andriy Yarmolenko Is One of Europe's Underrated Players |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2550304-premier-league-linked-andriy-yarmolenko-is-one-of-europes-underrated-players |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa. Bayan shekaru uku (bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet ), iyalin sun koma ƙasarsu ta asali suka zauna a birnin Chernihiv . <ref name="uaftbl-3">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/458ab04c.html Андрей Ярмоленко: "Для академии "Динамо" был слаб" (Andriy Yarmolenko: I was too weak for Dynamo Kiev's youth academy)] interview with Lyudmila Rusanova of ''Komanda'' {{In lang|ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2019 |title=La storia dell'infanzia di Andriy Yarmolenko, oltre a fatti di biografie indicibili |url=https://lifebogger.com/it/la-storia-dell%27infanzia-di-andriy-yarmolenko%2C-oltre-a-fatti-di-biografia-non-raccontati/ |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=www.lifebogger.com}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa ta tuna cewa Andriy ya fara wasa da ƙwallon tun yana ɗan shekara 4-5. "A farko bai ma da ƙwallon da ta dace ba, don haka dole ne ya yi wasa da wadda ya yi da kansa. Mu talakawa ne kuma ƙwallon ƙafa ta gaske abin jin daɗi ne a wancan lokacin". <ref>{{Cite web |last=1927.kiev.ua |date=23 October 2013 |title=Хто не ходить, той і не падає |url=https://1927.kiev.ua/news/view/3426 |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=1927.kiev.ua |language=uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title="Він постійно з м'ячем". Батьки Андрія Ярмоленка розповіли про шлях сина до футболу |url=https://suspilne.media/175393-na-cernigivsini-policejski-sklali-21-protokol-na-pereviznikiv-za-porusenna-pravil-karantinu/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=www.suspilne.media}}</ref> Mykola Lypoviy ya lura da Yarmolenko wanda ya gayyace shi makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa (Makarantar Wasannin Matasa "Yunist" da ke Chernihiv) kuma ya zama kocinsa na farko. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Yarmolenko ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Wasannin Matasa ta Chernihiv "Yunist". Ya shiga Dynamo Kyiv Youth Academy yana da shekaru 13. Duk da haka, ya koma Chernihiv bayan shekara guda da ya kasa cika buƙatun motsa jiki a horo. <ref name="uaftbl-3" /> Kafin ya koma Dynamo Kyiv a 2007, ya buga wa Yunist Chernihiv, Desna Chernihiv, Lokomotyv Kyiv, Vidradnyi Kyiv da kuma Yunist Chernihiv. === Desna Chernihiv === A lokacin bazara na 2006, daga Yunist Chernihiv, ya koma Desna Chernihiv, babban kulob a Chernihiv, a ƙarƙashin kocin Oleksandr Tomakh . A nan ya buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2006–07 a gasar Ukrainian First League, inda ya buga wasanni tara kuma ya zura kwallaye hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andriy Yarmolenko |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oekr07.html |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=[[rsssf]].com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andriy Yarmolenko at FC Desna Chernihiv |url=https://www.desna.football/vihovanets-chernigivskogo-futbolu-v-dortmundskij-borusiyi/ |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=www.desna.football}}</ref> === Dynamo Kyiv === [[Fayil:Андрій_Ярмоленко.jpg|left|thumb|238x238px| Yarmolenko yana bugawa Dynamo Kyiv wasa a shekarar 2009]] A shekara ta 2007, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da kulob din Dynamo Kyiv na Ukraine, inda ya koma kungiyar ta biyu, Dynamo-2, wacce ke buga wasa a ƙananan lig, na tsawon shekaru biyu. 'Yan jarida sun yaba wa matashin mai hazaka a matsayin "sabon Andriy Shevchenko ", waɗanda suka lura da halayensa na kyawawan jiki, harbi da kuma musamman gudunsa. Mataimakin shugaban Dynamo na wancan lokacin, Yozhef Sabo, shi ma ya yaba wa matashin, yana mai cewa, "Yarmolenko yana da dukkan abubuwan da zai iya yi don zama ɗan wasa mai kyau." <ref name="uaftbl-1">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4587b2c9.html Андрей Ярмоленко перешел в "Динамо" (Andriy Yarmolenko moved to "Dynamo")] article on ua-football.com {{In lang|ru}}</ref> <ref name="uaftbl-2">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4587b2c9.html Уже не "Шева", а "Блохин" (Now not "Sheva", but "Blokhin")] article on ua-football.com {{In lang|ru}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2008, Yarmolenko ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar farko ta Dynamo wasa a wasan da suka buga da Vorskla Poltava a waje kuma ya zura ƙwallon da ta ba su nasara a wasan da suka yi da Kyiv da ci 2-1. <ref name="uaftbl-4">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4827e464.html Андрей Ярмоленко: "Мне просто повезло" (Andriy Yarmolenko: I was lucky)] interview with Dynamo's website {{In lang|ru}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye 7 a wasanni 21 a kakarsa ta farko, sannan ya zura kwallaye 11 a wasanni 19 a kakar wasa ta biyu. Yanzu ana amfani da shi akai-akai a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na hagu ko tsakiya. A wani wasa da aka yi a watan Oktoban 2015, Yarmolenko ya yi wani ƙalubale mai haɗari wanda ya kusan karya ƙafar ɗan wasan Shakhtar Donetsk Taras Stepanenko . Bayan wasan, 'yan wasan biyu sun yi sulhu bayan wasan kuma suka yi musayar riguna, amma daga baya Yarmolenko ya jefa rigar Stepanenko a ƙasa yayin da yake gode wa magoya bayan Dynamo. A wasan Shakhtar da Dynamo Derby a watan Afrilun 2016, bayan da Stepanenko ya ci 3-0, ya taka wa magoya bayan Dynamo birki yana sumbatar lambar yabo ta Shakhtar. A cikin faɗan da ya yi tsanani, Yarmolenko ya buge Stepanenko ƙasa. === Borussia Dortmund === A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da Borussia Dortmund . A ranar 10 ga Satumba 2017, ya fara buga wa Dortmund wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a minti 79 da fara wasansu da Freiburg. <ref>{{Cite web |last=September 2017 |first=FourFourTwo Staff 15 |date=15 September 2017 |title=Yarmolenko's Champions League cracker just the beginning, says Dortmund's Zorc |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/yarmolenkos-champions-league-cracker-just-beginning-says-dortmunds-zorc |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=fourfourtwo.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya fara buga wa Dortmund wasa da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a gasar zakarun Turai, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Dortmund ta ci a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1. === West Ham United === [[Fayil:Hertha_BSC_vs._West_Ham_United_20190731_(168).jpg|thumb| Yarmolenko tare da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 11 ga Yulin 2018, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu a kulob din [[Premier League]] [[West Ham United FC|na West Ham United]] kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu kan kudin da ba a bayyana ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2018 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko: West Ham sign Ukraine winger from Borussia Dortmund |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44793242 |access-date=17 September 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta a wasan da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] ta doke su da ci 4-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2018 |title=Salah, Mane & Sturridge on target as Liverpool beat West Ham 4–0 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45073328 |access-date=13 August 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Da ya fara buga wa West Ham wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, ya zura kwallaye biyu na farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka doke [[Everton FC|Everton]] da ci 3-1 a waje, wanda shi ne nasarar farko da kungiyar ta samu a gasar Premier a kakar wasa ta 2018-19 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2018 |title=Everton 1-3 West Ham: Hammers end losing start to season |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45462681 |access-date=17 September 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Yarmolenko ya ji rauni a wasansa na Achilles a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2018 a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta doke su da ci 1-0, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba har zuwa sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2018 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko: West Ham winger suffers Achilles tear in Tottenham defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45939474 |access-date=22 September 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Yarmolenko ya koma cikin tawagar farko ta ƙungiyar a farkon kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2019, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko tun bayan dawowarsa daga rauni, inda ya ninka yawan kwallayen da West Ham ta ci da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a wasan da suka doke Norwich City da ci 2-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2019 |title=West Ham United boss Manuel Pellegrini says striker Sebastien Haller is a "complete player" after he scored a third goal in two games during their win against Norwich City. |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49456558 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ya sake zura kwallo a wasan da West Ham za ta buga a gida na gaba a gasar Premier, inda ya fara zura kwallo a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da ci 2-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2019 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko and Aaron Cresswell struck as West Ham extended Manchester United's winless Premier League away run to seven matches |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2019/sep/22/west-ham-manchester-united-premier-league-live |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2019 ya ji rauni a tsokar sa ta adductor kuma har yanzu bai dawo wasa ba lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] a watan Maris na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilmot |first=Lee |date=10 June 2020 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko's agent pours cold water on talk of West ham transfer |url=https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/transfer-news/andriy-yarmolenkos-agent-responds-west-18393965 |website=footballlondon}}</ref> Ya koma atisaye a watan Mayu na 2020 kuma a ranar 1 ga Yuli na 2020, a karo na biyu da ya buga tun 2019, ya zura kwallon da ta ba [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] nasara a wasan da suka tashi 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2020 |title=West Ham Boosted by Returns to Training for Andriy Yarmolenko & Jack Wilshere |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/west-ham-boosted-by-returns-to-training-for-andriy-yarmolenko-jack-wilshere-01e8vpkm851b |website=90min.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2020 |title=West Ham United 3-2 Chelsea |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/52080261 |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 2021, Yarmolenko ya zura kwallo a ragar Rapid Wien a filin wasa na Allianz kuma ya ba da bugun fenariti a wasan da West Ham ta ci 2-0 a waje a matakin rukuni na gasar UEFA Europa League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=25 November 2021 |title=Rapid Wien 0-2 West Ham: Andriy Yarmolenko and Mark Noble send hammers through to knockouts as group winners |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/europa-league/2021-2022/rapid-vienna-v-west-ham-follow-live_sto8641081/story.shtml |access-date=13 March 2022 |publisher=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> Bayan mamayar da Rasha ta kai wa Ukraine a watan Fabrairun 2022, kocinta David Moyes ya ba Yarmolenko hutu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2022 |title=Yarmolenko given time off by West Ham |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60520646 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya dawo a ranar 13 ga Maris, inda ya maye gurbin [[Michail Antonio]] wanda ya ji rauni sannan ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1. Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Yarmolenko ya ci wa West Ham kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka yi da [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] a gasar Europa League zagaye na 16, inda suka tashi kunnen doki 2-1, wanda hakan ya bai wa West Ham damar shiga zagayen kwata fainal na Turai a karon farko tun 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=West Ham United 2–0 Sevilla |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60771093 |access-date=18 March 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2022, West Ham ta sanar da cewa za a bar Yarmolenko ya tafi a ƙarshen kwangilarsa ta yanzu a watan Yunin 2022. === Al-Ain === A ranar 13 ga Yulin 2022, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu a kulob din Al-Ain na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa kan kwantiragin shekara guda. === Komawa zuwa Dynamo Kyiv === A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2023, Yarmolenko ya koma Dynamo Kyiv, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu. <ref name="СПОРТ.UA 2023 h020">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2023 |title=ОФІЦІЙНО. Андрій Ярмоленко повернувся в Динамо Київ |url=https://sport.ua/uk/news/631773-ofitsiyno-andriy-yarmolenko-povernuvsya-v-dinamo-kiiv |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=СПОРТ.UA |language=uk}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2025, Dynamo ta sanar da cewa ta tsawaita kwangilarta da Yarmolenko na wani kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2025 |title=Андрій Ярмоленко продовжив контракт з «Динамо» |url=https://fcdynamo.com/news/andrij-yarmolenko-prodovzhiv-kontrakt-z-dinamo |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=fcdynamo.com |publisher=FC Dynamo Kyiv |language=Ukrainian}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2026, Yarmolenko ya sake sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekara guda da Dynamo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2026 |title=Андрій Ярмоленко продовжив контракт із «Динамо» |trans-title=Andriy Yarmolenko extended his contract with Dynamo |url=https://fcdynamo.com/news/andrij-yarmolenko-prodovzhiv-kontrakt-z-dinamo-2 |access-date=1 June 2026 |publisher=FC Dynamo Kyiv |language=Ukrainian}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Andriy_Yarmolenko_-_Martin_Olsson_20120611.jpg|thumb|225x225px| Yarmolenko yana bugawa Ukraine wasa a gasar UEFA Euro 2012]] A ranar 11 ga watan Agusta 2007, Yarmolenko ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ukraine a wasan baje kolin da suka yi da Japan, inda suka yi nasara da ci 1-0. Ya kuma shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA ta shekarar 2008 . Bayan kammala wasan share fage a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2008, an gayyaci Yarmolenko zuwa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 21 da za ta buga da Netherlands . Daga baya ya shiga gasar neman cancanta da kuma wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta UEFA ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 21 ta shekarar 2011 . A ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2009, a wasan neman shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010 da Andorra, Yarmolenko ya fara buga wa Ukraine wasa a matakin 'yan wasa na farko kuma ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka ci 5-0. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2011, a wani wasan sada zumunta na kasa da kasa da Uruguay a [[Kharkiv]], Yarmolenko ya kafa tarihi a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta hanyar zura kwallaye dakika 14 a wasan, wanda shine lokaci mafi sauri da dan wasan kasar Ukraine ya zura kwallo a raga. Yarmolenko ya zura kwallaye uku a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2014, inda ya zura dukkan kwallayen da Ukraine ta ci a wasan da suka doke Luxembourg da ci 3-0 a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2016. A watan Nuwamba na 2015, Yarmolenko ya zura kwallaye a duka bangarorin biyu na nasarar da Ukraine ta samu a kan Slovenia da ci 3-1, wanda hakan ya sa kasar ta cancanci shiga zagayen karshe na gasar Euro 2016. Daga baya an saka Yarmolenko a cikin tawagar Ukraine don gasar Euro 2016, inda ya buga dukkan wasanni uku yayin da Ukraine ta kasa cin kwallo kuma ta kare a matsayi na karshe a rukunin . Yarmolenko ya zura kwallo a ragar Netherlands a filin wasa na Johan Cruyff da ke [[Amsterdam]] da kuma a kan Arewacin Macedonia a filin wasa na Arena Națională da ke [[Bukarest|Bucharest]] don gasar UEFA Euro 2020 kuma an zaɓe shi a matsayin gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2021 |title=Ukraine 2-1 North Macedonia: Round of 16 in Ukraine's sights |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/match/2024444--ukraine-vs-north-macedonia/postmatch/report/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine 2 - 1 North Macedonia |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/match/2024444/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317164431/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/match/2024444/ |archive-date=17 March 2020 |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ft61zgvij2jgsv4clriltke05hqbyjh 887790 887789 2026-07-26T16:09:21Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365757287|Andriy Yarmolenko]]" 887790 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Andriy Mykolayovych Yarmolenko''' ( Ukrainian ; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1989) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Ukraine wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] ko kuma ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ukraine Dynamo Kyiv kuma yana jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ukraine . Yarmolenko ya kasance cikakken ɗan wasa a ƙasar Ukraine tun daga shekarar 2009, inda ya zira kwallaye 47 a wasanni 126, sannan ya buga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a shekarun 2012, 2016, 2020 da 2024 . == Rayuwa ta farko == Iyayen Yarmolenko, 'yan asalin Ukrain, sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Smolianka, Kulykivka Raion, Chernihiv Oblast . Bayan aurensu, Valentyna da Mykola Yarmolenko sun ƙaura zuwa [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] inda aka haifi Andriy a shekarar 1989. <ref name="Tighe">{{Cite web |last=Tighe |first=Sam |title=Premier League-Linked Andriy Yarmolenko Is One of Europe's Underrated Players |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2550304-premier-league-linked-andriy-yarmolenko-is-one-of-europes-underrated-players |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa. Bayan shekaru uku (bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet ), iyalin sun koma ƙasarsu ta asali suka zauna a birnin Chernihiv . <ref name="uaftbl-3">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/458ab04c.html Андрей Ярмоленко: "Для академии "Динамо" был слаб" (Andriy Yarmolenko: I was too weak for Dynamo Kiev's youth academy)] interview with Lyudmila Rusanova of ''Komanda'' {{In lang|ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2019 |title=La storia dell'infanzia di Andriy Yarmolenko, oltre a fatti di biografie indicibili |url=https://lifebogger.com/it/la-storia-dell%27infanzia-di-andriy-yarmolenko%2C-oltre-a-fatti-di-biografia-non-raccontati/ |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=www.lifebogger.com}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa ta tuna cewa Andriy ya fara wasa da ƙwallon tun yana ɗan shekara 4-5. "A farko bai ma da ƙwallon da ta dace ba, don haka dole ne ya yi wasa da wadda ya yi da kansa. Mu talakawa ne kuma ƙwallon ƙafa ta gaske abin jin daɗi ne a wancan lokacin". <ref>{{Cite web |last=1927.kiev.ua |date=23 October 2013 |title=Хто не ходить, той і не падає |url=https://1927.kiev.ua/news/view/3426 |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=1927.kiev.ua |language=uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title="Він постійно з м'ячем". Батьки Андрія Ярмоленка розповіли про шлях сина до футболу |url=https://suspilne.media/175393-na-cernigivsini-policejski-sklali-21-protokol-na-pereviznikiv-za-porusenna-pravil-karantinu/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=www.suspilne.media}}</ref> Mykola Lypoviy ya lura da Yarmolenko wanda ya gayyace shi makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa (Makarantar Wasannin Matasa "Yunist" da ke Chernihiv) kuma ya zama kocinsa na farko. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Yarmolenko ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Wasannin Matasa ta Chernihiv "Yunist". Ya shiga Dynamo Kyiv Youth Academy yana da shekaru 13. Duk da haka, ya koma Chernihiv bayan shekara guda da ya kasa cika buƙatun motsa jiki a horo. <ref name="uaftbl-3" /> Kafin ya koma Dynamo Kyiv a 2007, ya buga wa Yunist Chernihiv, Desna Chernihiv, Lokomotyv Kyiv, Vidradnyi Kyiv da kuma Yunist Chernihiv. === Desna Chernihiv === A lokacin bazara na 2006, daga Yunist Chernihiv, ya koma Desna Chernihiv, babban kulob a Chernihiv, a ƙarƙashin kocin Oleksandr Tomakh . A nan ya buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2006–07 a gasar Ukrainian First League, inda ya buga wasanni tara kuma ya zura kwallaye hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andriy Yarmolenko |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oekr07.html |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=[[rsssf]].com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andriy Yarmolenko at FC Desna Chernihiv |url=https://www.desna.football/vihovanets-chernigivskogo-futbolu-v-dortmundskij-borusiyi/ |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=www.desna.football}}</ref> === Dynamo Kyiv === [[Fayil:Андрій_Ярмоленко.jpg|left|thumb|238x238px| Yarmolenko yana bugawa Dynamo Kyiv wasa a shekarar 2009]] A shekara ta 2007, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da kulob din Dynamo Kyiv na Ukraine, inda ya koma kungiyar ta biyu, Dynamo-2, wacce ke buga wasa a ƙananan lig, na tsawon shekaru biyu. 'Yan jarida sun yaba wa matashin mai hazaka a matsayin "sabon Andriy Shevchenko ", waɗanda suka lura da halayensa na kyawawan jiki, harbi da kuma musamman gudunsa. Mataimakin shugaban Dynamo na wancan lokacin, Yozhef Sabo, shi ma ya yaba wa matashin, yana mai cewa, "Yarmolenko yana da dukkan abubuwan da zai iya yi don zama ɗan wasa mai kyau." <ref name="uaftbl-1">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4587b2c9.html Андрей Ярмоленко перешел в "Динамо" (Andriy Yarmolenko moved to "Dynamo")] article on ua-football.com {{In lang|ru}}</ref> <ref name="uaftbl-2">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4587b2c9.html Уже не "Шева", а "Блохин" (Now not "Sheva", but "Blokhin")] article on ua-football.com {{In lang|ru}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2008, Yarmolenko ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar farko ta Dynamo wasa a wasan da suka buga da Vorskla Poltava a waje kuma ya zura ƙwallon da ta ba su nasara a wasan da suka yi da Kyiv da ci 2-1. <ref name="uaftbl-4">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4827e464.html Андрей Ярмоленко: "Мне просто повезло" (Andriy Yarmolenko: I was lucky)] interview with Dynamo's website {{In lang|ru}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye 7 a wasanni 21 a kakarsa ta farko, sannan ya zura kwallaye 11 a wasanni 19 a kakar wasa ta biyu. Yanzu ana amfani da shi akai-akai a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na hagu ko tsakiya. A wani wasa da aka yi a watan Oktoban 2015, Yarmolenko ya yi wani ƙalubale mai haɗari wanda ya kusan karya ƙafar ɗan wasan Shakhtar Donetsk Taras Stepanenko . Bayan wasan, 'yan wasan biyu sun yi sulhu bayan wasan kuma suka yi musayar riguna, amma daga baya Yarmolenko ya jefa rigar Stepanenko a ƙasa yayin da yake gode wa magoya bayan Dynamo. A wasan Shakhtar da Dynamo Derby a watan Afrilun 2016, bayan da Stepanenko ya ci 3-0, ya taka wa magoya bayan Dynamo birki yana sumbatar lambar yabo ta Shakhtar. A cikin faɗan da ya yi tsanani, Yarmolenko ya buge Stepanenko ƙasa. === Borussia Dortmund === A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da Borussia Dortmund . A ranar 10 ga Satumba 2017, ya fara buga wa Dortmund wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a minti 79 da fara wasansu da Freiburg. <ref>{{Cite web |last=September 2017 |first=FourFourTwo Staff 15 |date=15 September 2017 |title=Yarmolenko's Champions League cracker just the beginning, says Dortmund's Zorc |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/yarmolenkos-champions-league-cracker-just-beginning-says-dortmunds-zorc |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=fourfourtwo.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya fara buga wa Dortmund wasa da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a gasar zakarun Turai, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Dortmund ta ci a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1. === West Ham United === [[Fayil:Hertha_BSC_vs._West_Ham_United_20190731_(168).jpg|thumb| Yarmolenko tare da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 11 ga Yulin 2018, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu a kulob din [[Premier League]] [[West Ham United FC|na West Ham United]] kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu kan kudin da ba a bayyana ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2018 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko: West Ham sign Ukraine winger from Borussia Dortmund |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44793242 |access-date=17 September 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta a wasan da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] ta doke su da ci 4-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2018 |title=Salah, Mane & Sturridge on target as Liverpool beat West Ham 4–0 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45073328 |access-date=13 August 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Da ya fara buga wa West Ham wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, ya zura kwallaye biyu na farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka doke [[Everton FC|Everton]] da ci 3-1 a waje, wanda shi ne nasarar farko da kungiyar ta samu a gasar Premier a kakar wasa ta 2018-19 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2018 |title=Everton 1-3 West Ham: Hammers end losing start to season |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45462681 |access-date=17 September 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Yarmolenko ya ji rauni a wasansa na Achilles a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2018 a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta doke su da ci 1-0, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba har zuwa sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2018 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko: West Ham winger suffers Achilles tear in Tottenham defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45939474 |access-date=22 September 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Yarmolenko ya koma cikin tawagar farko ta ƙungiyar a farkon kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2019, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko tun bayan dawowarsa daga rauni, inda ya ninka yawan kwallayen da West Ham ta ci da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a wasan da suka doke Norwich City da ci 2-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2019 |title=West Ham United boss Manuel Pellegrini says striker Sebastien Haller is a "complete player" after he scored a third goal in two games during their win against Norwich City. |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49456558 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ya sake zura kwallo a wasan da West Ham za ta buga a gida na gaba a gasar Premier, inda ya fara zura kwallo a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da ci 2-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2019 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko and Aaron Cresswell struck as West Ham extended Manchester United's winless Premier League away run to seven matches |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2019/sep/22/west-ham-manchester-united-premier-league-live |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2019 ya ji rauni a tsokar sa ta adductor kuma har yanzu bai dawo wasa ba lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] a watan Maris na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilmot |first=Lee |date=10 June 2020 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko's agent pours cold water on talk of West ham transfer |url=https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/transfer-news/andriy-yarmolenkos-agent-responds-west-18393965 |website=footballlondon}}</ref> Ya koma atisaye a watan Mayu na 2020 kuma a ranar 1 ga Yuli na 2020, a karo na biyu da ya buga tun 2019, ya zura kwallon da ta ba [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] nasara a wasan da suka tashi 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2020 |title=West Ham Boosted by Returns to Training for Andriy Yarmolenko & Jack Wilshere |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/west-ham-boosted-by-returns-to-training-for-andriy-yarmolenko-jack-wilshere-01e8vpkm851b |website=90min.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2020 |title=West Ham United 3-2 Chelsea |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/52080261 |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 2021, Yarmolenko ya zura kwallo a ragar Rapid Wien a filin wasa na Allianz kuma ya ba da bugun fenariti a wasan da West Ham ta ci 2-0 a waje a matakin rukuni na gasar UEFA Europa League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=25 November 2021 |title=Rapid Wien 0-2 West Ham: Andriy Yarmolenko and Mark Noble send hammers through to knockouts as group winners |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/europa-league/2021-2022/rapid-vienna-v-west-ham-follow-live_sto8641081/story.shtml |access-date=13 March 2022 |publisher=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> Bayan mamayar da Rasha ta kai wa Ukraine a watan Fabrairun 2022, kocinta David Moyes ya ba Yarmolenko hutu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2022 |title=Yarmolenko given time off by West Ham |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60520646 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya dawo a ranar 13 ga Maris, inda ya maye gurbin [[Michail Antonio]] wanda ya ji rauni sannan ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1. Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Yarmolenko ya ci wa West Ham kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka yi da [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] a gasar Europa League zagaye na 16, inda suka tashi kunnen doki 2-1, wanda hakan ya bai wa West Ham damar shiga zagayen kwata fainal na Turai a karon farko tun 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=West Ham United 2–0 Sevilla |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60771093 |access-date=18 March 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2022, West Ham ta sanar da cewa za a bar Yarmolenko ya tafi a ƙarshen kwangilarsa ta yanzu a watan Yunin 2022. === Al-Ain === A ranar 13 ga Yulin 2022, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu a kulob din Al-Ain na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa kan kwantiragin shekara guda. === Komawa zuwa Dynamo Kyiv === A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2023, Yarmolenko ya koma Dynamo Kyiv, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu. <ref name="СПОРТ.UA 2023 h020">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2023 |title=ОФІЦІЙНО. Андрій Ярмоленко повернувся в Динамо Київ |url=https://sport.ua/uk/news/631773-ofitsiyno-andriy-yarmolenko-povernuvsya-v-dinamo-kiiv |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=СПОРТ.UA |language=uk}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2025, Dynamo ta sanar da cewa ta tsawaita kwangilarta da Yarmolenko na wani kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2025 |title=Андрій Ярмоленко продовжив контракт з «Динамо» |url=https://fcdynamo.com/news/andrij-yarmolenko-prodovzhiv-kontrakt-z-dinamo |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=fcdynamo.com |publisher=FC Dynamo Kyiv |language=Ukrainian}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2026, Yarmolenko ya sake sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekara guda da Dynamo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2026 |title=Андрій Ярмоленко продовжив контракт із «Динамо» |trans-title=Andriy Yarmolenko extended his contract with Dynamo |url=https://fcdynamo.com/news/andrij-yarmolenko-prodovzhiv-kontrakt-z-dinamo-2 |access-date=1 June 2026 |publisher=FC Dynamo Kyiv |language=Ukrainian}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Andriy_Yarmolenko_-_Martin_Olsson_20120611.jpg|thumb|225x225px| Yarmolenko yana bugawa Ukraine wasa a gasar UEFA Euro 2012]] A ranar 11 ga watan Agusta 2007, Yarmolenko ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ukraine a wasan baje kolin da suka yi da Japan, inda suka yi nasara da ci 1-0. Ya kuma shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA ta shekarar 2008 . Bayan kammala wasan share fage a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2008, an gayyaci Yarmolenko zuwa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 21 da za ta buga da Netherlands . Daga baya ya shiga gasar neman cancanta da kuma wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta UEFA ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 21 ta shekarar 2011 . A ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2009, a wasan neman shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010 da Andorra, Yarmolenko ya fara buga wa Ukraine wasa a matakin 'yan wasa na farko kuma ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka ci 5-0. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2011, a wani wasan sada zumunta na kasa da kasa da Uruguay a [[Kharkiv]], Yarmolenko ya kafa tarihi a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta hanyar zura kwallaye dakika 14 a wasan, wanda shine lokaci mafi sauri da dan wasan kasar Ukraine ya zura kwallo a raga. Yarmolenko ya zura kwallaye uku a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2014, inda ya zura dukkan kwallayen da Ukraine ta ci a wasan da suka doke Luxembourg da ci 3-0 a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2016. A watan Nuwamba na 2015, Yarmolenko ya zura kwallaye a duka bangarorin biyu na nasarar da Ukraine ta samu a kan Slovenia da ci 3-1, wanda hakan ya sa kasar ta cancanci shiga zagayen karshe na gasar Euro 2016. Daga baya an saka Yarmolenko a cikin tawagar Ukraine don gasar Euro 2016, inda ya buga dukkan wasanni uku yayin da Ukraine ta kasa cin kwallo kuma ta kare a matsayi na karshe a rukunin . Yarmolenko ya zura kwallo a ragar Netherlands a filin wasa na Johan Cruyff da ke [[Amsterdam]] da kuma a kan Arewacin Macedonia a filin wasa na Arena Națională da ke [[Bukarest|Bucharest]] don gasar UEFA Euro 2020 kuma an zaɓe shi a matsayin gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2021 |title=Ukraine 2-1 North Macedonia: Round of 16 in Ukraine's sights |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/match/2024444--ukraine-vs-north-macedonia/postmatch/report/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine 2 - 1 North Macedonia |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/match/2024444/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317164431/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/match/2024444/ |archive-date=17 March 2020 |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2021, Yarmolenko ya buga wa Ukraine wasa na 100, a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2022 da Kazakhstan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan 2 - 2 Ukraine |url=https://www.uefa.com/european-qualifiers/match/2030837/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Round-Up: Yarmolenko earns 100th Ukraine cap |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/september/01-september/international-round-yarmolenko-earns-100th-ukraine-cap |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=www.whufc.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрій Ярмоленко — четвертий футболіст, що зіграв за збірну Україну 100 матчів |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2021/09/02/%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d1%80%d1%96%d0%b9-%d1%8f%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%ba%d0%be-%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d1%84%d1%83%d1%82%d0%b1%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%96%d1%81/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2021 ya zura kwallo a ragar Bosnia da Herzegovina a Arena Lviv da ke [[Lviv]] kuma an zaɓe shi ɗan wasan da ya fi kowanne a wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрій Ярмоленко вдруге поспіль "Лев матчу" |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2021/10/13/%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d1%80%d1%96%d0%b9-%d1%8f%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%ba%d0%be-%d0%b2%d0%b4%d1%80%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%b5-%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bf%d1%96%d0%bb%d1%8c-%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b2/ |access-date=13 October 2021 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Yuni 2022, Yarmolenko ya yi nasarar cin bugun daga [[Gareth Bale|kai]] sai mai tsaron gida, Heorhiy Bushchan, wanda hakan ya bai wa Wales damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko tun 1958. Da farko an ba shi kwallo a matsayin kwallo da kansa, daga baya aka ba shi ga Bale a ƙarshen watan Yuni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2022 |title=Gareth Bale awarded goal that sent Wales to World Cup following review |url=https://www.itv.com/news/wales/2022-06-29/gareth-bale-awarded-goal-that-sent-wales-to-world-cup-following-review |website=ITV News}}</ref> A watan Mayu na 2024, an kira Yarmolenko don wakiltar Ukraine a gasar UEFA Euro 2024. == Aikin koyarwa == A ranar 20 ga Satumba 2024, Yarmolenko ya sami lasisin horarwa na UEFA "A" ta hanyar kammala kwasa-kwasan horarwa cikin nasara a Kyiv, Ukraine. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Yarmolenko yana da 'ya'ya maza uku tare da matarsa Inna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=autty |date=3 March 2022 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko has flown to rescue his family from the Ukraine border, reveals Andriy Shevchenko |url=http://m.allfootballapp.com/news/Headline/Andriy-Yarmolenko-has-flown-to-rescue-his-family-from-the-Ukrainian-border-reveals-Andriy-Shevchenko/2783525 |access-date=2 March 2023}}</ref> A shekarar 2020, Dmitry Adehiro ya yi zane mai siffar Yarmolenko, a lokacin sake gina ginin Makarantar Wasannin Matasa ta Yunost, kusa da Filin Wasan Yunist da ke Chernihiv. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Ярмоленко |url=http://ecity.cn.ua/news/16722-mural-s-andreem-yarmolenko-v-chernigove-poyavitsya-na-fasade-detskoy-sportivnoy-shkoly-yunost-foto-video.html |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=www.ecity.cn.ua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Мурал із зображенням Андрія Ярмоленка з'явиться на фасаді дитячої спортивної школи "Юність" у Чернігові |url=https://nizhyn.in.ua/mural-iz-zobrazhennyam-andriya-yarmolenka-zyavitsya-na-fasadi-dityacho%D1%97-sportivno%D1%97-shkoli-yunist-u-chernigovi-foto.html |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=www.nizhyn.in.ua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2020 |title=У Чернігові створюють музей з експозицією про футболіста Андрія Ярмоленка |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-tourism/3129302-u-cernigovi-stvoruut-muzej-z-ekspozicieu-pro-futbolista-andria-armolenka.html |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=www.ukrinform.ua}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2021, tare da [[Igor Cheredinov]] (mai horar da Olena Kostevych ), an zabe shi ɗan ƙasa mai daraja na Chernihiv . A watan Nuwamba na 2021, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin Andriy Yarmolenko a birnin Chernihiv a filin wasa na Yunist . <ref>{{Cite web |title=У Чернігові відбулися змагання на Кубок Андрія Ярмоленка |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2021/12/01/%d1%83-%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bd%d1%96%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%96-%d0%b2%d1%96%d0%b4%d0%b1%d1%83%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%8f-%d0%b7%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%ba%d1%83%d0%b1/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2022, Yarmolenko ya bai wa Rundunar Sojin Ukraine £75,000 domin taimakawa wajen kare kasar bayan mamayar Rasha. Ya kuma tashi zuwa kan iyakar Ukraine don ceto matarsa da ɗansa bayan sun tsere daga ƙasar bayan mamayar, a cewar tsohon ɗan wasan Ukraine Andriy Shevchenko . Magajin garin Chernihiv Vladyslav Atroshenko da gwamnan Chernihiv Oblast Vyacheslav Chaus sun gode wa Yarmolenko da kansu saboda kokarinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Владислав Атрошенко подякував Андрію Ярмоленку за допомогу Чернігову |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2022/03/18/vladyslav-atroshenko-podyakuvav-andriyu-yarmolenku-za-dopomogu-chernigovu/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2022 |title=Голова Чернігівської обласної військової адміністрації: Дякую Андрію Ярмоленку за "ніштяки" для розвідників |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2022/03/14/golova-chernigivskoyi-oblasnoyi-vijskovoyi-administracziyi-dyakuyu-andriyu-yarmolenku-za-nishtyaky-dlya-rozvidnykiv/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> Yarmolenko ya taimaka wajen ceto iyayen matar Roman Yaremchuk . Dan wasan gaba na tawagar ƙasar Ukraine da Benfica, wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa Olympiacos (Girka), Roman Yaremchuk ya bayyana yadda aka fitar da iyayen matarsa daga Chernihiv tare da taimakon Andriy Yarmolenko. "Na juya ga Andriy Yarmolenko, da na san cewa daga Chernihiv yake, na ce, " ''Ku taimake ni gwargwadon iyawarku, na gode'' ." "Tabbas, Andriy ya amsa buƙatata kuma bayan kwana biyu aka tafi da su. Yanayin ya yi tsauri sosai," in ji Yaremchuk. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ярмоленко посприяв порятунку батьків дружини Яремчука |url=https://football24.ua/yarmolenko_pospriyav_poryatunku_batkiv_druzhini_yaremchuka_n720386/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=www.football24.ua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Роман Яремчук: "Ярмоленко допоміг вивезти батьків дружини з Чернігова" |url=https://ua.tribuna.com/football/1108603039-roman-yaremchuk-yarmolenko-dopomig-vivezti-batkiv-druzhini-z-chernigov/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=www.ua.tribuna.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ярмоленко допоміг врятувати батьків дружини Яремчука |url=https://champion.com.ua/football/2022/04/29/900748/yarmolenko-dopomih-vryatuvaty-batkiv-druzhyny-yaremchuka |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=www.champion.com.ua}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2022, bayan ya zura wa West Ham kwallo a kan [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] ta Spain a gasar Europa League don tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar, Yarmolenko ya bai wa wani mai goyon baya rigar West Ham da ke dauke da tutar Ukraine. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko gave West Ham shirt to fan holding Ukraine flagв |url=https://talksport.com/football/1066535/andriy-yarmolenko-west-ham-ukraine-europa-league-declan-rice-mark-noble-tears/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=www.talksport.com}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2022, Yarmolenko ya gabatar da motar asibiti zuwa garinsu Chernihiv, inda ya aika da ita kai tsaye daga Landan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2022 |title=Андрій Ярмоленко подарував рідному місту реанімобіль |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2022/05/04/andrij-yarmolenko-podaruvav-ridnomu-mistu-reanimobil/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2022 |title=Ярмоленко придбав машину швидкої для Чернігова |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2022/04/30/yarmolenko-prydbav-mashynu-shvydkoyi-dlya-chernigova/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 23 July 2026}}<ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|andriy-yarmolenko/53039}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Ukrainian Cup]], [[DFB-Pokal]], [[FA Cup]], [[UAE President's Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup]], [[UAE League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Desna Chernihiv |2006–07 |Ukrainian First League |9 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |Dynamo-2 Kyiv |2006–07 | rowspan="2" |Ukrainian First League |15 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |4 |- |2007–08 |22 |5 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |22 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !37 !9 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !37 !9 |- | rowspan="12" |Dynamo Kyiv |2007–08 |Vyshcha Liha |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 |- |2008–09 | rowspan="10" |Ukrainian Premier League |10 |0 |3 |5 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Ukrainian Super Cup]]|name=USC}} |0 |14 |5 |- |2009–10 |28 |7 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]|name=UCL}} |0 |1{{Efn|name=USC}} |0 |37 |7 |- |2010–11 |26 |11 |5 |1 | colspan="2" |— |16{{Efn|Four appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League, twelve appearances and three goals in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |4 | colspan="2" |— |47 |16 |- |2011–12 |28 |12 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— |10{{Efn|Two appearances in UEFA Champions League, eight appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |0 |1{{Efn|name=USC}} |0 |40 |13 |- |2012–13 |27 |11 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |12{{Efn|Ten appearances and two goals in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |40 |13 |- |2013–14 |26 |12 |4 |4 | colspan="2" |— |9{{Efn|name=UEL}} |5 | colspan="2" |— |39 |21 |- |2014–15 |26 |14 |5 |1 | colspan="2" |— |11{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Europa League|name=UEL}} |4 |1{{Efn|name=USC}} |0 |43 |19 |- |2015–16 |23 |13 |3 |4 | colspan="2" |— |7{{Efn|name=UCL}} |2 |1{{Efn|name=USC}} |0 |34 |19 |- |2016–17 |28 |15 |3 |3 | colspan="2" |— |5{{Efn|name=UCL}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |36 |19 |- |2017–18 |5 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |4{{Efn|Two appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |1 |1{{Efn|name=USC}} |0 |10 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !228 !99 !27 !19 ! colspan="2" |— !80 !19 !6 !0 !341 !137 |- |Borussia Dortmund |2017–18 |Bundesliga |18 |3 |2 |2 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|name=UCL}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |6 |- | rowspan="5" |[[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] |2018–19 | rowspan="4" |[[Premier League]] |9 |2 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |2 |- |2019–20 |23 |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |23 |5 |- |2020–21 |15 |0 |3 |1 |3 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |3 |- |2021–22 |19 |1 |2 |0 |3 |0 |8{{Efn|name=UEL}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |32 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !66 !8 !5 !1 !7 !2 !8 !2 ! colspan="2" |— !86 !13 |- |Al Ain |2022–23 |UAE Pro League |23 |11 |5 |0 |4 |1 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[UAE Super Cup]]}} |0 |33 |12 |- | rowspan="5" |Dynamo Kyiv |2023–24 | rowspan="4" |Ukrainian Premier League |17 |8 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |20 |8 |- |2024–25 |21 |7 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |9{{Efn|Six appearances and two goals in UEFA Champions League, three appearances and two goals in UEFA Europa League}} |4 | colspan="2" |— |33 |12 |- |2025–26 |22 |9 |4 |2 | colspan="2" |— |9{{Efn|Three appearances in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League, four appearances and one goal in UEFA Conference League}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |35 |12 |- |2026–27 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|name=UEL}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !60 !24 !8 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !22 !5 ! colspan="2" |— !90 !32 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !439 !157 !46 !24 !11 !3 !116 !27 !7 !0 !623 !213 |} {{Notelist}} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {{Updated|match played 31 May 2026}}<ref name=NFT>{{NFT|33151|name=Yarmolenko, Andriy |access-date=10 February 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta samu da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="18" | Ukraine | 2009 | 6 | 2 |- | 2010 | 2 | 1 |- | 2011 | 9 | 3 |- | 2012 | 10 | 2 |- | 2013 | 11 | 6 |- | 2014 | 8 | 4 |- | 2015 | 9 | 4 |- | 2016 | 12 | 7 |- | 2017 | 8 | 4 |- | 2018 | 5 | 3 |- | 2019 | 6 | 1 |- | 2020 | 6 | 1 |- | 2021 | 14 | 6 |- | 2022 | 6 | 1 |- | 2023 | 4 | 1 |- | 2024 | 8 | 0 |- | 2025 | 1 | 0 |- | 2026 | 1 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 126 ! 47 |} == Daraja == '''Dynamo Kyiv''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Ukraine : 2008–09, 2014–15, 2015–16 2024–25 * Kofin Ukraine : 2013–14, 2014–15, 2025–26 * Kofin Super na Ukraine : 2009, 2011, 2016 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan matasa na Ukraine: 2010, 2011 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2016 |title=Лучший молодой футболист Украины: от Реброва до Коваленко |url=https://dynamo.kiev.ua/news/245864-luchshij-molodoj-futbolist-ukrainyi-ot-rebrova-do-kovalenko |website=dynamo.kiev.ua}}</ref> * Ɗan Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Shekara na Gasar Firimiya ta Ukraine : 2011, <ref>{{Cite web |last=источники |first=Внешние |date=31 December 2011 |title=Андрей Ярмоленко - лучший в 2011 году |url=https://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/1325283083-andrey-yarmolenko-luchshiy-v-2011-godu.html |website=www.ua-football.com}}</ref> 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title="Команда": Ярмоленко - лучший игрок УПЛ |url=https://football24.ua/ru/komanda_jarmolenko__luchshij_igrok_upl_n237978/ |website=Футбол 24}}</ref> * Ɗan Wasan Kwallo na Shekara na Ukraine : 2013, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2022 |title=Срок предоставления хостинга для ukrfootball.ua истек |url=http://ukrfootball.ua/news/kozhnomu-grandu-po-nagorodi |website=ukrfootball.ua}}</ref> 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2014 |title=Срок предоставления хостинга для ukrfootball.ua истек |url=http://www.ukrfootball.ua/news/yarmolenko-boyko-adriano-rebrov-vacko-peremozhci-referendumu-ukrayinskogo-futbolu |website=www.ukrfootball.ua}}</ref> 2015, 2017{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Ɗan Wasan Shekara na Gasar Firimiya ta Ukraine : 2014–15, <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2015 |title=Визначено лауреатів сезону 2014/2015 в УПЛ - Офіційний сайт Федерації футболу України |url=http://www.ffu.org.ua/ukr/tournaments/premier_liga/14069/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005045725/http://www.ffu.org.ua/ukr/tournaments/premier_liga/14069/ |archive-date=5 October 2015}}</ref> 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Визначено лауреатів сезону 2015/16! |url=https://upl.ua/ua/news/view/310 |website=upl.ua}}</ref> 2016–17 <ref>{{Cite web |title=П'ять номінацій + «33 найкращих |url=https://upl.ua/ua/news/view/982 |website=upl.ua}}</ref> * Wanda ya fi kowa zira kwallaye a gasar Firimiya ta Ukraine : 2016–17 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ліга Парі-Матч (2016/17) |url=https://www.upl.ua/ua/tournaments/championship/3/attackers |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.upl.ua}}</ref> * Taurarin Kwallon Kafa na Ukraine – Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan UPL: 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Футбольные звезды Украины-2016 на телеканале Футбол 1 |url=https://footballua.tv/news/35569-futbolyni-zirki-ukrajini-2016-na-telekanali-futbol-1-1 |website=Телеканал Футбол}}</ref> * Babban mai bayar da taimako na UEFA Europa League : 2014–15 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics — Tournament phase — Player statistics — Assists |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2015/statistics/round=2000587/players/type=assists/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112201906/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2015/statistics/round=2000587/players/type=assists/index.html |archive-date=12 November 2015 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na maza da suka buga wa ƙasa da ƙasa wasanni 100 ko fiye. == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://fcdynamo.com/en/players/yarmolenko-andriy Andriy Yarmolenko] a FC Dynamo Kyiv * [https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2012/jun/06/euro-2012-ukraine-andriy-yarmolenko Yuro 2012: Bayanin Ukraine – Andriy Yarmolenko] a [[The Guardian|Jaridar Guardian]] * Andriy Yarmolenko * Andriy Yarmolenko * Andriy Yarmolenko * Andriy Yarmolenko * Andriy Yarmolenko (an adana shi) * {{NFT player}} * Andriy Yarmolenko * {{Soccerway}} * Andriy Yarmolenko [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1fb1xr2jjhk6k1h5882v83b13n4tw50 887814 887790 2026-07-26T16:45:05Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andriy Mykolayovych Yarmolenko''' ( Ukrainian ; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1989) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Ukraine wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] ko kuma ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ukraine Dynamo Kyiv kuma yana jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ukraine . Yarmolenko ya kasance cikakken ɗan wasa a ƙasar Ukraine tun daga shekarar 2009, inda ya zira kwallaye 47 a wasanni 126, sannan ya buga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a shekarun 2012, 2016, 2020 da 2024 . == Rayuwa ta farko == Iyayen Yarmolenko, 'yan asalin Ukrain, sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Smolianka, Kulykivka Raion, Chernihiv Oblast . Bayan aurensu, Valentyna da Mykola Yarmolenko sun ƙaura zuwa [[Saint-Petersburg|Leningrad]] inda aka haifi Andriy a shekarar 1989. <ref name="Tighe">{{Cite web |last=Tighe |first=Sam |title=Premier League-Linked Andriy Yarmolenko Is One of Europe's Underrated Players |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2550304-premier-league-linked-andriy-yarmolenko-is-one-of-europes-underrated-players |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en}}</ref> Yana da ƙanwarsa. Bayan shekaru uku (bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet ), iyalin sun koma ƙasarsu ta asali suka zauna a birnin Chernihiv . <ref name="uaftbl-3">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/458ab04c.html Андрей Ярмоленко: "Для академии "Динамо" был слаб" (Andriy Yarmolenko: I was too weak for Dynamo Kiev's youth academy)] interview with Lyudmila Rusanova of ''Komanda'' {{In lang|ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2019 |title=La storia dell'infanzia di Andriy Yarmolenko, oltre a fatti di biografie indicibili |url=https://lifebogger.com/it/la-storia-dell%27infanzia-di-andriy-yarmolenko%2C-oltre-a-fatti-di-biografia-non-raccontati/ |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=www.lifebogger.com}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa ta tuna cewa Andriy ya fara wasa da ƙwallon tun yana ɗan shekara 4-5. "A farko bai ma da ƙwallon da ta dace ba, don haka dole ne ya yi wasa da wadda ya yi da kansa. Mu talakawa ne kuma ƙwallon ƙafa ta gaske abin jin daɗi ne a wancan lokacin". <ref>{{Cite web |last=1927.kiev.ua |date=23 October 2013 |title=Хто не ходить, той і не падає |url=https://1927.kiev.ua/news/view/3426 |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=1927.kiev.ua |language=uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title="Він постійно з м'ячем". Батьки Андрія Ярмоленка розповіли про шлях сина до футболу |url=https://suspilne.media/175393-na-cernigivsini-policejski-sklali-21-protokol-na-pereviznikiv-za-porusenna-pravil-karantinu/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=www.suspilne.media}}</ref> Mykola Lypoviy ya lura da Yarmolenko wanda ya gayyace shi makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa (Makarantar Wasannin Matasa "Yunist" da ke Chernihiv) kuma ya zama kocinsa na farko. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Yarmolenko ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Wasannin Matasa ta Chernihiv "Yunist". Ya shiga Dynamo Kyiv Youth Academy yana da shekaru 13. Duk da haka, ya koma Chernihiv bayan shekara guda da ya kasa cika buƙatun motsa jiki a horo. <ref name="uaftbl-3" /> Kafin ya koma Dynamo Kyiv a 2007, ya buga wa Yunist Chernihiv, Desna Chernihiv, Lokomotyv Kyiv, Vidradnyi Kyiv da kuma Yunist Chernihiv. === Desna Chernihiv === A lokacin bazara na 2006, daga Yunist Chernihiv, ya koma Desna Chernihiv, babban kulob a Chernihiv, a ƙarƙashin kocin Oleksandr Tomakh . A nan ya buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2006–07 a gasar Ukrainian First League, inda ya buga wasanni tara kuma ya zura kwallaye hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andriy Yarmolenko |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oekr07.html |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=[[rsssf]].com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andriy Yarmolenko at FC Desna Chernihiv |url=https://www.desna.football/vihovanets-chernigivskogo-futbolu-v-dortmundskij-borusiyi/ |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=www.desna.football}}</ref> === Dynamo Kyiv === [[Fayil:Андрій_Ярмоленко.jpg|left|thumb|238x238px| Yarmolenko yana bugawa Dynamo Kyiv wasa a shekarar 2009]] A shekara ta 2007, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da kulob din Dynamo Kyiv na Ukraine, inda ya koma kungiyar ta biyu, Dynamo-2, wacce ke buga wasa a ƙananan lig, na tsawon shekaru biyu. 'Yan jarida sun yaba wa matashin mai hazaka a matsayin "sabon Andriy Shevchenko ", waɗanda suka lura da halayensa na kyawawan jiki, harbi da kuma musamman gudunsa. Mataimakin shugaban Dynamo na wancan lokacin, Yozhef Sabo, shi ma ya yaba wa matashin, yana mai cewa, "Yarmolenko yana da dukkan abubuwan da zai iya yi don zama ɗan wasa mai kyau." <ref name="uaftbl-1">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4587b2c9.html Андрей Ярмоленко перешел в "Динамо" (Andriy Yarmolenko moved to "Dynamo")] article on ua-football.com {{In lang|ru}}</ref> <ref name="uaftbl-2">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4587b2c9.html Уже не "Шева", а "Блохин" (Now not "Sheva", but "Blokhin")] article on ua-football.com {{In lang|ru}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2008, Yarmolenko ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar farko ta Dynamo wasa a wasan da suka buga da Vorskla Poltava a waje kuma ya zura ƙwallon da ta ba su nasara a wasan da suka yi da Kyiv da ci 2-1. <ref name="uaftbl-4">[http://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/4827e464.html Андрей Ярмоленко: "Мне просто повезло" (Andriy Yarmolenko: I was lucky)] interview with Dynamo's website {{In lang|ru}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye 7 a wasanni 21 a kakarsa ta farko, sannan ya zura kwallaye 11 a wasanni 19 a kakar wasa ta biyu. Yanzu ana amfani da shi akai-akai a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na hagu ko tsakiya. A wani wasa da aka yi a watan Oktoban 2015, Yarmolenko ya yi wani ƙalubale mai haɗari wanda ya kusan karya ƙafar ɗan wasan Shakhtar Donetsk Taras Stepanenko . Bayan wasan, 'yan wasan biyu sun yi sulhu bayan wasan kuma suka yi musayar riguna, amma daga baya Yarmolenko ya jefa rigar Stepanenko a ƙasa yayin da yake gode wa magoya bayan Dynamo. A wasan Shakhtar da Dynamo Derby a watan Afrilun 2016, bayan da Stepanenko ya ci 3-0, ya taka wa magoya bayan Dynamo birki yana sumbatar lambar yabo ta Shakhtar. A cikin faɗan da ya yi tsanani, Yarmolenko ya buge Stepanenko ƙasa. === Borussia Dortmund === A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da Borussia Dortmund . A ranar 10 ga Satumba 2017, ya fara buga wa Dortmund wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a minti 79 da fara wasansu da Freiburg. <ref>{{Cite web |last=September 2017 |first=FourFourTwo Staff 15 |date=15 September 2017 |title=Yarmolenko's Champions League cracker just the beginning, says Dortmund's Zorc |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/yarmolenkos-champions-league-cracker-just-beginning-says-dortmunds-zorc |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=fourfourtwo.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya fara buga wa Dortmund wasa da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] a gasar zakarun Turai, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Dortmund ta ci a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1. === West Ham United === [[Fayil:Hertha_BSC_vs._West_Ham_United_20190731_(168).jpg|thumb| Yarmolenko tare da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 11 ga Yulin 2018, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu a kulob din [[Premier League]] [[West Ham United FC|na West Ham United]] kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu kan kudin da ba a bayyana ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2018 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko: West Ham sign Ukraine winger from Borussia Dortmund |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44793242 |access-date=17 September 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta a wasan da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] ta doke su da ci 4-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2018 |title=Salah, Mane & Sturridge on target as Liverpool beat West Ham 4–0 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45073328 |access-date=13 August 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Da ya fara buga wa West Ham wasa a ranar 16 ga Satumba, ya zura kwallaye biyu na farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka doke [[Everton FC|Everton]] da ci 3-1 a waje, wanda shi ne nasarar farko da kungiyar ta samu a gasar Premier a kakar wasa ta 2018-19 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2018 |title=Everton 1-3 West Ham: Hammers end losing start to season |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45462681 |access-date=17 September 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Yarmolenko ya ji rauni a wasansa na Achilles a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2018 a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta doke su da ci 1-0, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba har zuwa sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2018 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko: West Ham winger suffers Achilles tear in Tottenham defeat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45939474 |access-date=22 September 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Yarmolenko ya koma cikin tawagar farko ta ƙungiyar a farkon kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2019, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko tun bayan dawowarsa daga rauni, inda ya ninka yawan kwallayen da West Ham ta ci da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a wasan da suka doke Norwich City da ci 2-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2019 |title=West Ham United boss Manuel Pellegrini says striker Sebastien Haller is a "complete player" after he scored a third goal in two games during their win against Norwich City. |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49456558 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ya sake zura kwallo a wasan da West Ham za ta buga a gida na gaba a gasar Premier, inda ya fara zura kwallo a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da ci 2-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2019 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko and Aaron Cresswell struck as West Ham extended Manchester United's winless Premier League away run to seven matches |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2019/sep/22/west-ham-manchester-united-premier-league-live |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2019 ya ji rauni a tsokar sa ta adductor kuma har yanzu bai dawo wasa ba lokacin da aka dakatar da kwallon kafa saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] a watan Maris na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilmot |first=Lee |date=10 June 2020 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko's agent pours cold water on talk of West ham transfer |url=https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/transfer-news/andriy-yarmolenkos-agent-responds-west-18393965 |website=footballlondon}}</ref> Ya koma atisaye a watan Mayu na 2020 kuma a ranar 1 ga Yuli na 2020, a karo na biyu da ya buga tun 2019, ya zura kwallon da ta ba [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] nasara a wasan da suka tashi 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2020 |title=West Ham Boosted by Returns to Training for Andriy Yarmolenko & Jack Wilshere |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/west-ham-boosted-by-returns-to-training-for-andriy-yarmolenko-jack-wilshere-01e8vpkm851b |website=90min.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2020 |title=West Ham United 3-2 Chelsea |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/52080261 |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 2021, Yarmolenko ya zura kwallo a ragar Rapid Wien a filin wasa na Allianz kuma ya ba da bugun fenariti a wasan da West Ham ta ci 2-0 a waje a matakin rukuni na gasar UEFA Europa League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=25 November 2021 |title=Rapid Wien 0-2 West Ham: Andriy Yarmolenko and Mark Noble send hammers through to knockouts as group winners |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/europa-league/2021-2022/rapid-vienna-v-west-ham-follow-live_sto8641081/story.shtml |access-date=13 March 2022 |publisher=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> Bayan mamayar da Rasha ta kai wa Ukraine a watan Fabrairun 2022, kocinta David Moyes ya ba Yarmolenko hutu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2022 |title=Yarmolenko given time off by West Ham |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/60520646 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Ya dawo a ranar 13 ga Maris, inda ya maye gurbin [[Michail Antonio]] wanda ya ji rauni sannan ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da suka doke [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] da ci 2-1. Kwanaki huɗu bayan haka, Yarmolenko ya ci wa West Ham kwallo mai kyau a wasan da suka yi da [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] a gasar Europa League zagaye na 16, inda suka tashi kunnen doki 2-1, wanda hakan ya bai wa West Ham damar shiga zagayen kwata fainal na Turai a karon farko tun 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=West Ham United 2–0 Sevilla |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60771093 |access-date=18 March 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2022, West Ham ta sanar da cewa za a bar Yarmolenko ya tafi a ƙarshen kwangilarsa ta yanzu a watan Yunin 2022. === Al-Ain === A ranar 13 ga Yulin 2022, Yarmolenko ya sanya hannu a kulob din Al-Ain na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa kan kwantiragin shekara guda. === Komawa zuwa Dynamo Kyiv === A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2023, Yarmolenko ya koma Dynamo Kyiv, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu. <ref name="СПОРТ.UA 2023 h020">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2023 |title=ОФІЦІЙНО. Андрій Ярмоленко повернувся в Динамо Київ |url=https://sport.ua/uk/news/631773-ofitsiyno-andriy-yarmolenko-povernuvsya-v-dinamo-kiiv |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=СПОРТ.UA |language=uk}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2025, Dynamo ta sanar da cewa ta tsawaita kwangilarta da Yarmolenko na wani kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2025 |title=Андрій Ярмоленко продовжив контракт з «Динамо» |url=https://fcdynamo.com/news/andrij-yarmolenko-prodovzhiv-kontrakt-z-dinamo |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=fcdynamo.com |publisher=FC Dynamo Kyiv |language=Ukrainian}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2026, Yarmolenko ya sake sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa na shekara guda da Dynamo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2026 |title=Андрій Ярмоленко продовжив контракт із «Динамо» |trans-title=Andriy Yarmolenko extended his contract with Dynamo |url=https://fcdynamo.com/news/andrij-yarmolenko-prodovzhiv-kontrakt-z-dinamo-2 |access-date=1 June 2026 |publisher=FC Dynamo Kyiv |language=Ukrainian}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:Andriy_Yarmolenko_-_Martin_Olsson_20120611.jpg|thumb|225x225px| Yarmolenko yana bugawa Ukraine wasa a gasar UEFA Euro 2012]] A ranar 11 ga watan Agusta 2007, Yarmolenko ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ukraine a wasan baje kolin da suka yi da Japan, inda suka yi nasara da ci 1-0. Ya kuma shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA ta shekarar 2008 . Bayan kammala wasan share fage a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2008, an gayyaci Yarmolenko zuwa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 21 da za ta buga da Netherlands . Daga baya ya shiga gasar neman cancanta da kuma wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta UEFA ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 21 ta shekarar 2011 . A ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2009, a wasan neman shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010 da Andorra, Yarmolenko ya fara buga wa Ukraine wasa a matakin 'yan wasa na farko kuma ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka ci 5-0. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2011, a wani wasan sada zumunta na kasa da kasa da Uruguay a [[Kharkiv]], Yarmolenko ya kafa tarihi a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta hanyar zura kwallaye dakika 14 a wasan, wanda shine lokaci mafi sauri da dan wasan kasar Ukraine ya zura kwallo a raga. Yarmolenko ya zura kwallaye uku a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 2014, inda ya zura dukkan kwallayen da Ukraine ta ci a wasan da suka doke Luxembourg da ci 3-0 a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2016. A watan Nuwamba na 2015, Yarmolenko ya zura kwallaye a duka bangarorin biyu na nasarar da Ukraine ta samu a kan Slovenia da ci 3-1, wanda hakan ya sa kasar ta cancanci shiga zagayen karshe na gasar Euro 2016. Daga baya an saka Yarmolenko a cikin tawagar Ukraine don gasar Euro 2016, inda ya buga dukkan wasanni uku yayin da Ukraine ta kasa cin kwallo kuma ta kare a matsayi na karshe a rukunin . Yarmolenko ya zura kwallo a ragar Netherlands a filin wasa na Johan Cruyff da ke [[Amsterdam]] da kuma a kan Arewacin Macedonia a filin wasa na Arena Națională da ke [[Bukarest|Bucharest]] don gasar UEFA Euro 2020 kuma an zaɓe shi a matsayin gwarzon wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2021 |title=Ukraine 2-1 North Macedonia: Round of 16 in Ukraine's sights |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/match/2024444--ukraine-vs-north-macedonia/postmatch/report/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine 2 - 1 North Macedonia |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/match/2024444/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317164431/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/match/2024444/ |archive-date=17 March 2020 |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2021, Yarmolenko ya buga wa Ukraine wasa na 100, a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2022 da Kazakhstan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan 2 - 2 Ukraine |url=https://www.uefa.com/european-qualifiers/match/2030837/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Round-Up: Yarmolenko earns 100th Ukraine cap |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/september/01-september/international-round-yarmolenko-earns-100th-ukraine-cap |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=www.whufc.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрій Ярмоленко — четвертий футболіст, що зіграв за збірну Україну 100 матчів |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2021/09/02/%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d1%80%d1%96%d0%b9-%d1%8f%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%ba%d0%be-%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d1%84%d1%83%d1%82%d0%b1%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%96%d1%81/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2021 ya zura kwallo a ragar Bosnia da Herzegovina a Arena Lviv da ke [[Lviv]] kuma an zaɓe shi ɗan wasan da ya fi kowanne a wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрій Ярмоленко вдруге поспіль "Лев матчу" |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2021/10/13/%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d1%80%d1%96%d0%b9-%d1%8f%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%ba%d0%be-%d0%b2%d0%b4%d1%80%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%b5-%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bf%d1%96%d0%bb%d1%8c-%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b2/ |access-date=13 October 2021 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Yuni 2022, Yarmolenko ya yi nasarar cin bugun daga [[Gareth Bale|kai]] sai mai tsaron gida, Heorhiy Bushchan, wanda hakan ya bai wa Wales damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko tun 1958. Da farko an ba shi kwallo a matsayin kwallo da kansa, daga baya aka ba shi ga Bale a ƙarshen watan Yuni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2022 |title=Gareth Bale awarded goal that sent Wales to World Cup following review |url=https://www.itv.com/news/wales/2022-06-29/gareth-bale-awarded-goal-that-sent-wales-to-world-cup-following-review |website=ITV News}}</ref> A watan Mayu na 2024, an kira Yarmolenko don wakiltar Ukraine a gasar UEFA Euro 2024. == Aikin koyarwa == A ranar 20 ga Satumba 2024, Yarmolenko ya sami lasisin horarwa na UEFA "A" ta hanyar kammala kwasa-kwasan horarwa cikin nasara a Kyiv, Ukraine. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Yarmolenko yana da 'ya'ya maza uku tare da matarsa Inna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=autty |date=3 March 2022 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko has flown to rescue his family from the Ukraine border, reveals Andriy Shevchenko |url=http://m.allfootballapp.com/news/Headline/Andriy-Yarmolenko-has-flown-to-rescue-his-family-from-the-Ukrainian-border-reveals-Andriy-Shevchenko/2783525 |access-date=2 March 2023}}</ref> A shekarar 2020, Dmitry Adehiro ya yi zane mai siffar Yarmolenko, a lokacin sake gina ginin Makarantar Wasannin Matasa ta Yunost, kusa da Filin Wasan Yunist da ke Chernihiv. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Ярмоленко |url=http://ecity.cn.ua/news/16722-mural-s-andreem-yarmolenko-v-chernigove-poyavitsya-na-fasade-detskoy-sportivnoy-shkoly-yunost-foto-video.html |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=www.ecity.cn.ua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Мурал із зображенням Андрія Ярмоленка з'явиться на фасаді дитячої спортивної школи "Юність" у Чернігові |url=https://nizhyn.in.ua/mural-iz-zobrazhennyam-andriya-yarmolenka-zyavitsya-na-fasadi-dityacho%D1%97-sportivno%D1%97-shkoli-yunist-u-chernigovi-foto.html |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=www.nizhyn.in.ua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2020 |title=У Чернігові створюють музей з експозицією про футболіста Андрія Ярмоленка |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-tourism/3129302-u-cernigovi-stvoruut-muzej-z-ekspozicieu-pro-futbolista-andria-armolenka.html |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=www.ukrinform.ua}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2021, tare da [[Igor Cheredinov]] (mai horar da Olena Kostevych ), an zabe shi ɗan ƙasa mai daraja na Chernihiv . A watan Nuwamba na 2021, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin Andriy Yarmolenko a birnin Chernihiv a filin wasa na Yunist . <ref>{{Cite web |title=У Чернігові відбулися змагання на Кубок Андрія Ярмоленка |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2021/12/01/%d1%83-%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bd%d1%96%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%b2%d1%96-%d0%b2%d1%96%d0%b4%d0%b1%d1%83%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%8f-%d0%b7%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%ba%d1%83%d0%b1/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2022, Yarmolenko ya bai wa Rundunar Sojin Ukraine £75,000 domin taimakawa wajen kare kasar bayan mamayar Rasha. Ya kuma tashi zuwa kan iyakar Ukraine don ceto matarsa da ɗansa bayan sun tsere daga ƙasar bayan mamayar, a cewar tsohon ɗan wasan Ukraine Andriy Shevchenko . Magajin garin Chernihiv Vladyslav Atroshenko da gwamnan Chernihiv Oblast Vyacheslav Chaus sun gode wa Yarmolenko da kansu saboda kokarinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Владислав Атрошенко подякував Андрію Ярмоленку за допомогу Чернігову |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2022/03/18/vladyslav-atroshenko-podyakuvav-andriyu-yarmolenku-za-dopomogu-chernigovu/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2022 |title=Голова Чернігівської обласної військової адміністрації: Дякую Андрію Ярмоленку за "ніштяки" для розвідників |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2022/03/14/golova-chernigivskoyi-oblasnoyi-vijskovoyi-administracziyi-dyakuyu-andriyu-yarmolenku-za-nishtyaky-dlya-rozvidnykiv/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> Yarmolenko ya taimaka wajen ceto iyayen matar Roman Yaremchuk . Dan wasan gaba na tawagar ƙasar Ukraine da Benfica, wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa Olympiacos (Girka), Roman Yaremchuk ya bayyana yadda aka fitar da iyayen matarsa daga Chernihiv tare da taimakon Andriy Yarmolenko. "Na juya ga Andriy Yarmolenko, da na san cewa daga Chernihiv yake, na ce, " ''Ku taimake ni gwargwadon iyawarku, na gode'' ." "Tabbas, Andriy ya amsa buƙatata kuma bayan kwana biyu aka tafi da su. Yanayin ya yi tsauri sosai," in ji Yaremchuk. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ярмоленко посприяв порятунку батьків дружини Яремчука |url=https://football24.ua/yarmolenko_pospriyav_poryatunku_batkiv_druzhini_yaremchuka_n720386/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=www.football24.ua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Роман Яремчук: "Ярмоленко допоміг вивезти батьків дружини з Чернігова" |url=https://ua.tribuna.com/football/1108603039-roman-yaremchuk-yarmolenko-dopomig-vivezti-batkiv-druzhini-z-chernigov/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=www.ua.tribuna.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ярмоленко допоміг врятувати батьків дружини Яремчука |url=https://champion.com.ua/football/2022/04/29/900748/yarmolenko-dopomih-vryatuvaty-batkiv-druzhyny-yaremchuka |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=www.champion.com.ua}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2022, bayan ya zura wa West Ham kwallo a kan [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] ta Spain a gasar Europa League don tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar, Yarmolenko ya bai wa wani mai goyon baya rigar West Ham da ke dauke da tutar Ukraine. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Andriy Yarmolenko gave West Ham shirt to fan holding Ukraine flagв |url=https://talksport.com/football/1066535/andriy-yarmolenko-west-ham-ukraine-europa-league-declan-rice-mark-noble-tears/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=www.talksport.com}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2022, Yarmolenko ya gabatar da motar asibiti zuwa garinsu Chernihiv, inda ya aika da ita kai tsaye daga Landan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2022 |title=Андрій Ярмоленко подарував рідному місту реанімобіль |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2022/05/04/andrij-yarmolenko-podaruvav-ridnomu-mistu-reanimobil/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2022 |title=Ярмоленко придбав машину швидкої для Чернігова |url=https://www.chesport.cn.ua/2022/04/30/yarmolenko-prydbav-mashynu-shvydkoyi-dlya-chernigova/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=www.chesport.cn.ua}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 23 July 2026}}<ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|andriy-yarmolenko/53039}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Ukrainian Cup]], [[DFB-Pokal]], [[FA Cup]], [[UAE President's Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup]], [[UAE League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Desna Chernihiv |2006–07 |Ukrainian First League |9 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |Dynamo-2 Kyiv |2006–07 | rowspan="2" |Ukrainian First League |15 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |4 |- |2007–08 |22 |5 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |22 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !37 !9 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !37 !9 |- | rowspan="12" |Dynamo Kyiv |2007–08 |Vyshcha Liha |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 |- |2008–09 | rowspan="10" |Ukrainian Premier League |10 |0 |3 |5 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Ukrainian Super Cup]]|name=USC}} |0 |14 |5 |- |2009–10 |28 |7 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]|name=UCL}} |0 |1{{Efn|name=USC}} |0 |37 |7 |- |2010–11 |26 |11 |5 |1 | colspan="2" |— |16{{Efn|Four appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League, twelve appearances and three goals in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |4 | colspan="2" |— |47 |16 |- |2011–12 |28 |12 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— |10{{Efn|Two appearances in UEFA Champions League, eight appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |0 |1{{Efn|name=USC}} |0 |40 |13 |- |2012–13 |27 |11 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |12{{Efn|Ten appearances and two goals in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |40 |13 |- |2013–14 |26 |12 |4 |4 | colspan="2" |— |9{{Efn|name=UEL}} |5 | colspan="2" |— |39 |21 |- |2014–15 |26 |14 |5 |1 | colspan="2" |— |11{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Europa League|name=UEL}} |4 |1{{Efn|name=USC}} |0 |43 |19 |- |2015–16 |23 |13 |3 |4 | colspan="2" |— |7{{Efn|name=UCL}} |2 |1{{Efn|name=USC}} |0 |34 |19 |- |2016–17 |28 |15 |3 |3 | colspan="2" |— |5{{Efn|name=UCL}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |36 |19 |- |2017–18 |5 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |4{{Efn|Two appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |1 |1{{Efn|name=USC}} |0 |10 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !228 !99 !27 !19 ! colspan="2" |— !80 !19 !6 !0 !341 !137 |- |Borussia Dortmund |2017–18 |Bundesliga |18 |3 |2 |2 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|name=UCL}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |26 |6 |- | rowspan="5" |[[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] |2018–19 | rowspan="4" |[[Premier League]] |9 |2 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |2 |- |2019–20 |23 |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |23 |5 |- |2020–21 |15 |0 |3 |1 |3 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |3 |- |2021–22 |19 |1 |2 |0 |3 |0 |8{{Efn|name=UEL}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |32 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !66 !8 !5 !1 !7 !2 !8 !2 ! colspan="2" |— !86 !13 |- |Al Ain |2022–23 |UAE Pro League |23 |11 |5 |0 |4 |1 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[UAE Super Cup]]}} |0 |33 |12 |- | rowspan="5" |Dynamo Kyiv |2023–24 | rowspan="4" |Ukrainian Premier League |17 |8 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |20 |8 |- |2024–25 |21 |7 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |9{{Efn|Six appearances and two goals in UEFA Champions League, three appearances and two goals in UEFA Europa League}} |4 | colspan="2" |— |33 |12 |- |2025–26 |22 |9 |4 |2 | colspan="2" |— |9{{Efn|Three appearances in UEFA Champions League, two appearances in UEFA Europa League, four appearances and one goal in UEFA Conference League}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |35 |12 |- |2026–27 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|name=UEL}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !60 !24 !8 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !22 !5 ! colspan="2" |— !90 !32 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !439 !157 !46 !24 !11 !3 !116 !27 !7 !0 !623 !213 |} {{Notelist}} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {{Updated|match played 31 May 2026}}<ref name=NFT>{{NFT|33151|name=Yarmolenko, Andriy |access-date=10 February 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta samu da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="18" | Ukraine | 2009 | 6 | 2 |- | 2010 | 2 | 1 |- | 2011 | 9 | 3 |- | 2012 | 10 | 2 |- | 2013 | 11 | 6 |- | 2014 | 8 | 4 |- | 2015 | 9 | 4 |- | 2016 | 12 | 7 |- | 2017 | 8 | 4 |- | 2018 | 5 | 3 |- | 2019 | 6 | 1 |- | 2020 | 6 | 1 |- | 2021 | 14 | 6 |- | 2022 | 6 | 1 |- | 2023 | 4 | 1 |- | 2024 | 8 | 0 |- | 2025 | 1 | 0 |- | 2026 | 1 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 126 ! 47 |} == Daraja == '''Dynamo Kyiv''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Ukraine : 2008–09, 2014–15, 2015–16 2024–25 * Kofin Ukraine : 2013–14, 2014–15, 2025–26 * Kofin Super na Ukraine : 2009, 2011, 2016 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan matasa na Ukraine: 2010, 2011 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2016 |title=Лучший молодой футболист Украины: от Реброва до Коваленко |url=https://dynamo.kiev.ua/news/245864-luchshij-molodoj-futbolist-ukrainyi-ot-rebrova-do-kovalenko |website=dynamo.kiev.ua}}</ref> * Ɗan Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Shekara na Gasar Firimiya ta Ukraine : 2011, <ref>{{Cite web |last=источники |first=Внешние |date=31 December 2011 |title=Андрей Ярмоленко - лучший в 2011 году |url=https://www.ua-football.com/ukrainian/high/1325283083-andrey-yarmolenko-luchshiy-v-2011-godu.html |website=www.ua-football.com}}</ref> 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title="Команда": Ярмоленко - лучший игрок УПЛ |url=https://football24.ua/ru/komanda_jarmolenko__luchshij_igrok_upl_n237978/ |website=Футбол 24}}</ref> * Ɗan Wasan Kwallo na Shekara na Ukraine : 2013, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2022 |title=Срок предоставления хостинга для ukrfootball.ua истек |url=http://ukrfootball.ua/news/kozhnomu-grandu-po-nagorodi |website=ukrfootball.ua}}</ref> 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2014 |title=Срок предоставления хостинга для ukrfootball.ua истек |url=http://www.ukrfootball.ua/news/yarmolenko-boyko-adriano-rebrov-vacko-peremozhci-referendumu-ukrayinskogo-futbolu |website=www.ukrfootball.ua}}</ref> 2015, 2017{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Ɗan Wasan Shekara na Gasar Firimiya ta Ukraine : 2014–15, <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2015 |title=Визначено лауреатів сезону 2014/2015 в УПЛ - Офіційний сайт Федерації футболу України |url=http://www.ffu.org.ua/ukr/tournaments/premier_liga/14069/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005045725/http://www.ffu.org.ua/ukr/tournaments/premier_liga/14069/ |archive-date=5 October 2015}}</ref> 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Визначено лауреатів сезону 2015/16! |url=https://upl.ua/ua/news/view/310 |website=upl.ua}}</ref> 2016–17 <ref>{{Cite web |title=П'ять номінацій + «33 найкращих |url=https://upl.ua/ua/news/view/982 |website=upl.ua}}</ref> * Wanda ya fi kowa zira kwallaye a gasar Firimiya ta Ukraine : 2016–17 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ліга Парі-Матч (2016/17) |url=https://www.upl.ua/ua/tournaments/championship/3/attackers |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.upl.ua}}</ref> * Taurarin Kwallon Kafa na Ukraine – Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan UPL: 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Футбольные звезды Украины-2016 на телеканале Футбол 1 |url=https://footballua.tv/news/35569-futbolyni-zirki-ukrajini-2016-na-telekanali-futbol-1-1 |website=Телеканал Футбол}}</ref> * Babban mai bayar da taimako na UEFA Europa League : 2014–15 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics — Tournament phase — Player statistics — Assists |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2015/statistics/round=2000587/players/type=assists/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112201906/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2015/statistics/round=2000587/players/type=assists/index.html |archive-date=12 November 2015 |access-date=27 May 2015 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na maza da suka buga wa ƙasa da ƙasa wasanni 100 ko fiye. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://fcdynamo.com/en/players/yarmolenko-andriy Andriy Yarmolenko] a FC Dynamo Kyiv * [https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2012/jun/06/euro-2012-ukraine-andriy-yarmolenko Yuro 2012: Bayanin Ukraine – Andriy Yarmolenko] a [[The Guardian|Jaridar Guardian]] * Andriy Yarmolenko * Andriy Yarmolenko * Andriy Yarmolenko * Andriy Yarmolenko * Andriy Yarmolenko (an adana shi) * {{NFT player}} * Andriy Yarmolenko * {{Soccerway}} * Andriy Yarmolenko [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == dmv14li84pz286nepvdwnqzumnt29q2 0 162317 887791 2026-07-26T16:19:10Z Kaddi123 38060 Sabon shafi: Mamebera wata unguwa ce Dake cikin birni sokoto,wannan unguwa tana cikin karmar hukumar Mulki sokoto south, Mafi yawan jama'a wannan unguwa Hausa Fulani ne,ama tana kabilu ma zauna wannan yankin,ama Mafi yawan su mabiyan adini Islam,ama akwai kiristococi mazauna wannan unguwa,suna da yawan jama'a sosai a wannan unguwa, mafi yawan zauna wannan unguwa Yan kasuwa ne da yan Boko da manoma. 887791 wikitext text/x-wiki Mamebera wata unguwa ce Dake cikin birni sokoto,wannan unguwa tana cikin karmar hukumar Mulki sokoto south, Mafi yawan jama'a wannan unguwa Hausa Fulani ne,ama tana kabilu ma zauna wannan yankin,ama Mafi yawan su mabiyan adini Islam,ama akwai kiristococi mazauna wannan unguwa,suna da yawan jama'a sosai a wannan unguwa, mafi yawan zauna wannan unguwa Yan kasuwa ne da yan Boko da manoma. nqz9nhaww102052o426v9sav09r37xu 0 162318 887793 2026-07-26T16:22:15Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357989987|Tino Costa]]" 887793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alberto Facundo "Tino" Costa''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Janairu 1985) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Argentina wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Costa, wanda aka fi sani da ''Tino'', ya fara aikinsa a Argentina yana bugawa kulob din La Terrazza na gida. A lokacin yana da shekaru 17, ya yanke shawarar barin ƙasar zuwa tsibirin Guadeloupe don bugawa ƙungiyar Racing Club de Basse-Terre a ƙungiyar Guadeloupe Division d'Honneur wasa mai cike da haɗari. A lokacin da yake can, ya je makaranta kuma yana aiki a wani babban kanti. Costa ya shafe shekaru biyu a kulob din tsibirin yana taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar lig da kuma kofin sau biyu . Ya buga wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de Guadeloupe a shekarar 2004, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta doke AS Gosier da ci 3-1. Bayan shekaru biyu a Guadeloupe, babban wasansa ya jawo hankalin Racing Club de Paris, wanda ya ba ɗan wasan gwaji. Racing, wacce ke taka leda a matakin rukuni na uku na National, ta sayi ɗan wasan kuma Costa ya buga kakar wasa ɗaya a ƙungiyar, inda ya buga wasanni 28 jimilla, inda ya zura kwallaye 3. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] peo4u8t1qaib5xbiya9vnk0klz3f49j 887794 887793 2026-07-26T16:23:46Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357989987|Tino Costa]]" 887794 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alberto Facundo "Tino" Costa''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Janairu 1985) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Argentina wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Costa, wanda aka fi sani da ''Tino'', ya fara aikinsa a Argentina yana bugawa kulob din La Terrazza na gida. A lokacin yana da shekaru 17, ya yanke shawarar barin ƙasar zuwa tsibirin Guadeloupe don bugawa ƙungiyar Racing Club de Basse-Terre a ƙungiyar Guadeloupe Division d'Honneur wasa mai cike da haɗari. A lokacin da yake can, ya je makaranta kuma yana aiki a wani babban kanti. Costa ya shafe shekaru biyu a kulob din tsibirin yana taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar lig da kuma kofin sau biyu . Ya buga wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de Guadeloupe a shekarar 2004, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta doke AS Gosier da ci 3-1. Bayan shekaru biyu a Guadeloupe, babban wasansa ya jawo hankalin Racing Club de Paris, wanda ya ba ɗan wasan gwaji. Racing, wacce ke taka leda a matakin rukuni na uku na National, ta sayi ɗan wasan kuma Costa ya buga kakar wasa ɗaya a ƙungiyar, inda ya buga wasanni 28 jimilla, inda ya zura kwallaye 3. === Pau === A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Costa ya koma Pau, wata kungiya a National. A Pau, ya buga wasanni 62 jimilla, inda ya zura kwallaye 4, Pau kuma da kyar ya kauce wa faduwa a wasanni biyu da ya yi a can. === Sète === Bayan ya bar Pau, Costa ya koma kulob dinsa na uku na National a FC Sète . A can, ya zama sananne a gasar, inda ya buga wasanni 29, ya zira kwallaye 3, sannan ya taimaka wa Sète ya kai matsayi na bakwai a gasar. Ya kuma taimaka wajen zura kwallaye da dama, sannan ya karbi katunan rawaya guda tara. Saboda ƙoƙarinsa, an naɗa shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mafi kyau a gasar, wanda hakan ya haifar da sha'awar ƙungiyoyi a manyan ƙungiyoyi. === Montpellier === Costa ya rattaba hannu da Montpellier na Ligue 2 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, bayan ya amince da kwantiragin shekaru uku. Ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar wasa a wasanta na farko a kakar wasa ta bana, inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Strasbourg . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a tarihin rayuwarsa ga ƙungiyar 'yan makonni bayan haka a wasan da suka doke Reims da ci 4-0. An riƙe shi ba tare da zura ƙwallo a mafi yawan kakar kaka ba, kafin ya dawo fagen daga a tsakiyar kakar wasa inda ya zura ƙwallo biyu a kan Boulogne . Cikin makonni shida, a ƙarshen kakar wasa, Costa ya zira kwallaye a ragar Dijon, Châteauroux, Brest, da Clermont . Sakamakon haka, Montpellier tana cikin shugabannin da suka haura zuwa gasar [[Ligue 1]] . An yanke shawarar makomar ƙungiyar a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana, inda ta yi nasara a kan Strasbourg da ci 2-1, waɗanda suma ke fafutukar neman ci gaba. Costa ya zura kwallon da ta ba wa Montpellier nasara a wasan a minti na 19, wanda hakan ya taimaka mata ta koma buga gasar Ligue 1. A tsawon kakar wasa ta bana, Costa ya zura kwallaye 8 sannan ya taimaka aka zura kwallaye 11. An zaɓe shi a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan shekara na Ligue 2, amma Paul Alo'o [[Kamaru|na Kamaru]] ya sha kaye a hannun ɗan wasan. Bayan kakar wasa, ƙungiyoyi da dama na Ligue 1 sun fara neman ayyukan Costa, musamman [[RC Lens]] da Toulouse . Duk da haka, Costa ya musanta duk wani ikirarin barin birnin [[Montpellier]] kuma ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2009 har zuwa shekarar 2013. Duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyar ta samu a wasan farko da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Paris Saint-Germain]], Costa ya fara buga wasa a gasar Ligue 1 da Lorient inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 60. Wasan ya ƙare da kunnen doki 2-2. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya sake zura kwallo, a wannan karon a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 2-0. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci bugun fenariti na minti na 39 a kan Lens. Kwallon ta zama nasara. === Valencia === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2010, Costa ya koma kulob din [[La Liga]] [[Valencia CF|na Valencia]] kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu kan kudin canja wuri na €6.5&nbsp;miliyan. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Valencia a wasansa na farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] . Dan wasan tsakiya ya buga kwallo daidai daga yadi 30, kuma Valencia ta ci 0-4 a Bursaspor . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Valencia a wasan da suka yi da Getafe a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2010. A ranar 18 ga Disamba, ya zura kwallonsa ta biyu a gasar daga yadi 35 a waje lokacin da ya buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a wasansu da Real Sociedad . Ya sami izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Faransa ta hanyar zama ɗan ƙasa a shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Le10Sport.com |title=Equipe de France Costa pour remplacer Nasri |url=https://le10sport.com/football/equipe-de-france/equipe-de-france-costa-pour-remplacer-nasri-51573 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Le10Sport |language=fr}}</ref> === Spartak Moscow === A ranar 5 ga Yuni 2013, an sanar da cewa Costa ya bar Valencia ya koma Spartak Moscow, babbar kungiyar Rasha kan kudin canja wurin €7 miliyan. ==== Lamuni ga Genoa da Fiorentina ==== An tabbatar da cewa Costa zai koma Genoa ta Serie A a kakar wasa ta 2015-16. A ranar 15 ga Janairun 2016, Fiorentina ta tabbatar da daukar Costa a matsayin aro na tsawon watanni shida, tare da niyyar samun damar zama na dindindin a karshen kakar wasa. === San Lorenzo === Da tsakar dare a ranar 21 ga Yuli 2016, an sanar da cewa Costa ya bar Spartak ya tafi San Lorenzo na Argentina a matsayin dan wasan da ba shi da 'yanci . Duk da haka, ya buga wasanni takwas kacal a ƙungiyar a lokacin da yake wasa. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] 4462e2w78phej19rcv70uadr47pyetu 887795 887794 2026-07-26T16:24:51Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357989987|Tino Costa]]" 887795 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alberto Facundo "Tino" Costa''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Janairu 1985) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Argentina wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Costa, wanda aka fi sani da ''Tino'', ya fara aikinsa a Argentina yana bugawa kulob din La Terrazza na gida. A lokacin yana da shekaru 17, ya yanke shawarar barin ƙasar zuwa tsibirin Guadeloupe don bugawa ƙungiyar Racing Club de Basse-Terre a ƙungiyar Guadeloupe Division d'Honneur wasa mai cike da haɗari. A lokacin da yake can, ya je makaranta kuma yana aiki a wani babban kanti. Costa ya shafe shekaru biyu a kulob din tsibirin yana taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar lig da kuma kofin sau biyu . Ya buga wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de Guadeloupe a shekarar 2004, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta doke AS Gosier da ci 3-1. Bayan shekaru biyu a Guadeloupe, babban wasansa ya jawo hankalin Racing Club de Paris, wanda ya ba ɗan wasan gwaji. Racing, wacce ke taka leda a matakin rukuni na uku na National, ta sayi ɗan wasan kuma Costa ya buga kakar wasa ɗaya a ƙungiyar, inda ya buga wasanni 28 jimilla, inda ya zura kwallaye 3. === Pau === A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Costa ya koma Pau, wata kungiya a National. A Pau, ya buga wasanni 62 jimilla, inda ya zura kwallaye 4, Pau kuma da kyar ya kauce wa faduwa a wasanni biyu da ya yi a can. === Sète === Bayan ya bar Pau, Costa ya koma kulob dinsa na uku na National a FC Sète . A can, ya zama sananne a gasar, inda ya buga wasanni 29, ya zira kwallaye 3, sannan ya taimaka wa Sète ya kai matsayi na bakwai a gasar. Ya kuma taimaka wajen zura kwallaye da dama, sannan ya karbi katunan rawaya guda tara. Saboda ƙoƙarinsa, an naɗa shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mafi kyau a gasar, wanda hakan ya haifar da sha'awar ƙungiyoyi a manyan ƙungiyoyi. === Montpellier === Costa ya rattaba hannu da Montpellier na Ligue 2 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, bayan ya amince da kwantiragin shekaru uku. Ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar wasa a wasanta na farko a kakar wasa ta bana, inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Strasbourg . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a tarihin rayuwarsa ga ƙungiyar 'yan makonni bayan haka a wasan da suka doke Reims da ci 4-0. An riƙe shi ba tare da zura ƙwallo a mafi yawan kakar kaka ba, kafin ya dawo fagen daga a tsakiyar kakar wasa inda ya zura ƙwallo biyu a kan Boulogne . Cikin makonni shida, a ƙarshen kakar wasa, Costa ya zira kwallaye a ragar Dijon, Châteauroux, Brest, da Clermont . Sakamakon haka, Montpellier tana cikin shugabannin da suka haura zuwa gasar [[Ligue 1]] . An yanke shawarar makomar ƙungiyar a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana, inda ta yi nasara a kan Strasbourg da ci 2-1, waɗanda suma ke fafutukar neman ci gaba. Costa ya zura kwallon da ta ba wa Montpellier nasara a wasan a minti na 19, wanda hakan ya taimaka mata ta koma buga gasar Ligue 1. A tsawon kakar wasa ta bana, Costa ya zura kwallaye 8 sannan ya taimaka aka zura kwallaye 11. An zaɓe shi a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan shekara na Ligue 2, amma Paul Alo'o [[Kamaru|na Kamaru]] ya sha kaye a hannun ɗan wasan. Bayan kakar wasa, ƙungiyoyi da dama na Ligue 1 sun fara neman ayyukan Costa, musamman [[RC Lens]] da Toulouse . Duk da haka, Costa ya musanta duk wani ikirarin barin birnin [[Montpellier]] kuma ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2009 har zuwa shekarar 2013. Duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyar ta samu a wasan farko da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Paris Saint-Germain]], Costa ya fara buga wasa a gasar Ligue 1 da Lorient inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 60. Wasan ya ƙare da kunnen doki 2-2. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya sake zura kwallo, a wannan karon a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 2-0. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci bugun fenariti na minti na 39 a kan Lens. Kwallon ta zama nasara. === Valencia === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2010, Costa ya koma kulob din [[La Liga]] [[Valencia CF|na Valencia]] kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu kan kudin canja wuri na €6.5&nbsp;miliyan. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Valencia a wasansa na farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] . Dan wasan tsakiya ya buga kwallo daidai daga yadi 30, kuma Valencia ta ci 0-4 a Bursaspor . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Valencia a wasan da suka yi da Getafe a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2010. A ranar 18 ga Disamba, ya zura kwallonsa ta biyu a gasar daga yadi 35 a waje lokacin da ya buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a wasansu da Real Sociedad . Ya sami izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Faransa ta hanyar zama ɗan ƙasa a shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Le10Sport.com |title=Equipe de France Costa pour remplacer Nasri |url=https://le10sport.com/football/equipe-de-france/equipe-de-france-costa-pour-remplacer-nasri-51573 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Le10Sport |language=fr}}</ref> === Spartak Moscow === A ranar 5 ga Yuni 2013, an sanar da cewa Costa ya bar Valencia ya koma Spartak Moscow, babbar kungiyar Rasha kan kudin canja wurin €7 miliyan. ==== Lamuni ga Genoa da Fiorentina ==== An tabbatar da cewa Costa zai koma Genoa ta Serie A a kakar wasa ta 2015-16. A ranar 15 ga Janairun 2016, Fiorentina ta tabbatar da daukar Costa a matsayin aro na tsawon watanni shida, tare da niyyar samun damar zama na dindindin a karshen kakar wasa. === San Lorenzo === Da tsakar dare a ranar 21 ga Yuli 2016, an sanar da cewa Costa ya bar Spartak ya tafi San Lorenzo na Argentina a matsayin dan wasan da ba shi da 'yanci . Duk da haka, ya buga wasanni takwas kacal a ƙungiyar a lokacin da yake wasa. === Almería === A kan 1 Agusta 2017, Costa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda tare da UD Almería a Segunda División . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2017 |title=Tino Costa se convierte en nuevo jugador de la UD Almería |trans-title=Tino Costa becomes the new player of UD Almería |url=http://www.udalmeriasad.com/noticia/tino-costa-se-convierte-en-el-noveno-fichaje-de-la-ud-almeria-para-la-temporada-2017-18 |access-date=1 August 2017 |publisher=UD Almería |language=es}}</ref> Ya bayar da gudummawa da kwallaye biyu a wasanni 14 kacal, domin kakar wasansa ta sha wahala sakamakon raunuka. === Wa'adi na biyu a Pau === A watan Satumba na 2023, yana da shekaru 38, kuma bayan ya kasance ba shi da kulob tun watan Maris da ya gabata, Tino Costa ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara guda da Pau FC, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru na farko, inda ya buga wasanni biyu tsakanin 2005 da 2007. Ba tare da kulob ba tun watan Maris, Costa yana yin atisaye da Pau tun daga ranar 4 ga Satumba. Kyakkyawan yanayin lafiyar Costa ya sa jami'an Maynats suka ba shi kwangilar shekara ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Transferts : Tino Costa fait son retour à Pau |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-tino-costa-fait-son-retour-a-pau/1420763 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2024, Costa ya sanar da yin ritaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foot : Tino Costa va tirer sa révérence à Pau |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Tino-costa-va-tirer-sa-reverence-a-pau/1466611 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|1 August 2020}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |[[UEFA|Europe]] ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |RC Basse-Terre |[[2003–04 Guadeloupe Division of Honor|2003–04]] |Guadeloupe Division of Honour |– |– |– |– |– |– |– |– |- |Racing Paris |[[2004–05 Championnat National|2004–05]] |National |28 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |28 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |Pau |2005–06 |National |31 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |32 |2 |- |2006–07 |National |31 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |32 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !62 !4 !2 !0 !0 !0 !64 !4 |- |Sète |2007–08 |National |29 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |29 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |Montpellier |2008–09 |Ligue 2 |35 |8 |2 |0 |0 |0 |37 |8 |- |2009–10 |[[Ligue 1]] |31 |7 |2 |0 |0 |0 |33 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !66 !15 !4 !0 !0 !0 !70 !15 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Valencia CF|Valencia]] |2010–11<ref name="bdfutbol">{{Cite web |title=Tino Costa, Alberto Facundo Costa - Footballer |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j8555.html |access-date=1 December 2020 |website=BDFutbol}}</ref> |[[La Liga]] |24 |4 |1 |0 |7 |2 |32 |6 |- |2011–12<ref name="bdfutbol" /> |La Liga |27 |5 |5 |1 |9 |1 |41 |7 |- |2012–13<ref name="bdfutbol" /> |La Liga |31 |1 |3 |2 |8 |0 |42 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !82 !10 !9 !3 !24 !3 !115 !16 |- | rowspan="3" |Spartak Moscow |2013–14<ref name="sw">{{Cite web |title=A. Costa |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/alberto-costa/37685/ |access-date=1 December 2020 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> |Russian Premier League |24 |3 |1 |0 |2 |0 |27 |3 |- |2014–15<ref name="sw" /> |Russian Premier League |7 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |8 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !31 !3 !2 !0 !2 !0 !35 !3 |- | rowspan="3" |Genoa (loan) |2014–15<ref name="sw" /> |Serie A |6 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |6 |2 |- |2015–16<ref name="sw" /> |Serie A |12 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |12 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !18 !2 !0 !0 !0 !0 !18 !2 |- |Fiorentina (loan) |2015–16<ref name="sw" /> |Serie A |7 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |8 |0 |- |San Lorenzo |2016–17<ref name="sw" /> |Argentine Primera División |8 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |13 |0 |- |Almería |2017–18<ref name="sw" /> |Segunda División |14 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |15 |2 |- |San Martín Tucumán |2018–19<ref name="sw" /> |Argentine Primera División |13 |4 |2 |0 |0 |0 |15 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |Atlético Nacional |2019<ref name="sw" /> |Categoría Primera A |9 |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |11 |1 |- |2020<ref name="sw" /> |Categoría Primera A |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !11 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 !13 !1 |- |San Martín Tucumán |2020<ref name="sw" /> |Primera B Nacional |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !369 !47 !24 !3 !30 !3 !423 !53 |} <references group="nb" /> == Daraja == '''Ƙungiyar tsere ta BT''' * Babban Jami'in Guadeloupe : 2003-04 * Coupe de Guadeloupe : 2004 == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Tino Costa at BDFutbol * Tino Costa – French league stats at LFP – also available in French (archived) * [http://www.ciberche.net/histoche/jugadores/19?pid=814&show_all=1 Ciberche stats and bio] {{In lang|es}} * {{Soccerway|alberto-costa/37685}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 350pxqiu09k988olkywt9fzvsjoy6ba 887813 887795 2026-07-26T16:44:02Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alberto Facundo "Tino" Costa''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Janairu 1985) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Argentina wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Costa, wanda aka fi sani da ''Tino'', ya fara aikinsa a Argentina yana bugawa kulob din La Terrazza na gida. A lokacin yana da shekaru 17, ya yanke shawarar barin ƙasar zuwa tsibirin Guadeloupe don bugawa ƙungiyar Racing Club de Basse-Terre a ƙungiyar Guadeloupe Division d'Honneur wasa mai cike da haɗari. A lokacin da yake can, ya je makaranta kuma yana aiki a wani babban kanti. Costa ya shafe shekaru biyu a kulob din tsibirin yana taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar lig da kuma kofin sau biyu . Ya buga wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de Guadeloupe a shekarar 2004, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta doke AS Gosier da ci 3-1. Bayan shekaru biyu a Guadeloupe, babban wasansa ya jawo hankalin Racing Club de Paris, wanda ya ba ɗan wasan gwaji. Racing, wacce ke taka leda a matakin rukuni na uku na National, ta sayi ɗan wasan kuma Costa ya buga kakar wasa ɗaya a ƙungiyar, inda ya buga wasanni 28 jimilla, inda ya zura kwallaye 3. === Pau === A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Costa ya koma Pau, wata kungiya a National. A Pau, ya buga wasanni 62 jimilla, inda ya zura kwallaye 4, Pau kuma da kyar ya kauce wa faduwa a wasanni biyu da ya yi a can. === Sète === Bayan ya bar Pau, Costa ya koma kulob dinsa na uku na National a FC Sète . A can, ya zama sananne a gasar, inda ya buga wasanni 29, ya zira kwallaye 3, sannan ya taimaka wa Sète ya kai matsayi na bakwai a gasar. Ya kuma taimaka wajen zura kwallaye da dama, sannan ya karbi katunan rawaya guda tara. Saboda ƙoƙarinsa, an naɗa shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mafi kyau a gasar, wanda hakan ya haifar da sha'awar ƙungiyoyi a manyan ƙungiyoyi. === Montpellier === Costa ya rattaba hannu da Montpellier na Ligue 2 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, bayan ya amince da kwantiragin shekaru uku. Ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar wasa a wasanta na farko a kakar wasa ta bana, inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Strasbourg . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a tarihin rayuwarsa ga ƙungiyar 'yan makonni bayan haka a wasan da suka doke Reims da ci 4-0. An riƙe shi ba tare da zura ƙwallo a mafi yawan kakar kaka ba, kafin ya dawo fagen daga a tsakiyar kakar wasa inda ya zura ƙwallo biyu a kan Boulogne . Cikin makonni shida, a ƙarshen kakar wasa, Costa ya zira kwallaye a ragar Dijon, Châteauroux, Brest, da Clermont . Sakamakon haka, Montpellier tana cikin shugabannin da suka haura zuwa gasar [[Ligue 1]] . An yanke shawarar makomar ƙungiyar a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana, inda ta yi nasara a kan Strasbourg da ci 2-1, waɗanda suma ke fafutukar neman ci gaba. Costa ya zura kwallon da ta ba wa Montpellier nasara a wasan a minti na 19, wanda hakan ya taimaka mata ta koma buga gasar Ligue 1. A tsawon kakar wasa ta bana, Costa ya zura kwallaye 8 sannan ya taimaka aka zura kwallaye 11. An zaɓe shi a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan shekara na Ligue 2, amma Paul Alo'o [[Kamaru|na Kamaru]] ya sha kaye a hannun ɗan wasan. Bayan kakar wasa, ƙungiyoyi da dama na Ligue 1 sun fara neman ayyukan Costa, musamman [[RC Lens]] da Toulouse . Duk da haka, Costa ya musanta duk wani ikirarin barin birnin [[Montpellier]] kuma ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2009 har zuwa shekarar 2013. Duk da rashin nasarar da kungiyar ta samu a wasan farko da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Paris Saint-Germain]], Costa ya fara buga wasa a gasar Ligue 1 da Lorient inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 60. Wasan ya ƙare da kunnen doki 2-2. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya sake zura kwallo, a wannan karon a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 2-0. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci bugun fenariti na minti na 39 a kan Lens. Kwallon ta zama nasara. === Valencia === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2010, Costa ya koma kulob din [[La Liga]] [[Valencia CF|na Valencia]] kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu kan kudin canja wuri na €6.5&nbsp;miliyan. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Valencia a wasansa na farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] . Dan wasan tsakiya ya buga kwallo daidai daga yadi 30, kuma Valencia ta ci 0-4 a Bursaspor . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Valencia a wasan da suka yi da Getafe a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2010. A ranar 18 ga Disamba, ya zura kwallonsa ta biyu a gasar daga yadi 35 a waje lokacin da ya buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a wasansu da Real Sociedad . Ya sami izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Faransa ta hanyar zama ɗan ƙasa a shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Le10Sport.com |title=Equipe de France Costa pour remplacer Nasri |url=https://le10sport.com/football/equipe-de-france/equipe-de-france-costa-pour-remplacer-nasri-51573 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Le10Sport |language=fr}}</ref> === Spartak Moscow === A ranar 5 ga Yuni 2013, an sanar da cewa Costa ya bar Valencia ya koma Spartak Moscow, babbar kungiyar Rasha kan kudin canja wurin €7 miliyan. ==== Lamuni ga Genoa da Fiorentina ==== An tabbatar da cewa Costa zai koma Genoa ta Serie A a kakar wasa ta 2015-16. A ranar 15 ga Janairun 2016, Fiorentina ta tabbatar da daukar Costa a matsayin aro na tsawon watanni shida, tare da niyyar samun damar zama na dindindin a karshen kakar wasa. === San Lorenzo === Da tsakar dare a ranar 21 ga Yuli 2016, an sanar da cewa Costa ya bar Spartak ya tafi San Lorenzo na Argentina a matsayin dan wasan da ba shi da 'yanci . Duk da haka, ya buga wasanni takwas kacal a ƙungiyar a lokacin da yake wasa. === Almería === A kan 1 Agusta 2017, Costa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda tare da UD Almería a Segunda División . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2017 |title=Tino Costa se convierte en nuevo jugador de la UD Almería |trans-title=Tino Costa becomes the new player of UD Almería |url=http://www.udalmeriasad.com/noticia/tino-costa-se-convierte-en-el-noveno-fichaje-de-la-ud-almeria-para-la-temporada-2017-18 |access-date=1 August 2017 |publisher=UD Almería |language=es}}</ref> Ya bayar da gudummawa da kwallaye biyu a wasanni 14 kacal, domin kakar wasansa ta sha wahala sakamakon raunuka. === Wa'adi na biyu a Pau === A watan Satumba na 2023, yana da shekaru 38, kuma bayan ya kasance ba shi da kulob tun watan Maris da ya gabata, Tino Costa ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara guda da Pau FC, ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru na farko, inda ya buga wasanni biyu tsakanin 2005 da 2007. Ba tare da kulob ba tun watan Maris, Costa yana yin atisaye da Pau tun daga ranar 4 ga Satumba. Kyakkyawan yanayin lafiyar Costa ya sa jami'an Maynats suka ba shi kwangilar shekara ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Transferts : Tino Costa fait son retour à Pau |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-tino-costa-fait-son-retour-a-pau/1420763 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2024, Costa ya sanar da yin ritaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foot : Tino Costa va tirer sa révérence à Pau |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Tino-costa-va-tirer-sa-reverence-a-pau/1466611 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|1 August 2020}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |[[UEFA|Europe]] ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |RC Basse-Terre |[[2003–04 Guadeloupe Division of Honor|2003–04]] |Guadeloupe Division of Honour |– |– |– |– |– |– |– |– |- |Racing Paris |[[2004–05 Championnat National|2004–05]] |National |28 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |28 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |Pau |2005–06 |National |31 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |32 |2 |- |2006–07 |National |31 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |32 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !62 !4 !2 !0 !0 !0 !64 !4 |- |Sète |2007–08 |National |29 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |29 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |Montpellier |2008–09 |Ligue 2 |35 |8 |2 |0 |0 |0 |37 |8 |- |2009–10 |[[Ligue 1]] |31 |7 |2 |0 |0 |0 |33 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !66 !15 !4 !0 !0 !0 !70 !15 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Valencia CF|Valencia]] |2010–11<ref name="bdfutbol">{{Cite web |title=Tino Costa, Alberto Facundo Costa - Footballer |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j8555.html |access-date=1 December 2020 |website=BDFutbol}}</ref> |[[La Liga]] |24 |4 |1 |0 |7 |2 |32 |6 |- |2011–12<ref name="bdfutbol" /> |La Liga |27 |5 |5 |1 |9 |1 |41 |7 |- |2012–13<ref name="bdfutbol" /> |La Liga |31 |1 |3 |2 |8 |0 |42 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !82 !10 !9 !3 !24 !3 !115 !16 |- | rowspan="3" |Spartak Moscow |2013–14<ref name="sw">{{Cite web |title=A. Costa |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/alberto-costa/37685/ |access-date=1 December 2020 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> |Russian Premier League |24 |3 |1 |0 |2 |0 |27 |3 |- |2014–15<ref name="sw" /> |Russian Premier League |7 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |8 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !31 !3 !2 !0 !2 !0 !35 !3 |- | rowspan="3" |Genoa (loan) |2014–15<ref name="sw" /> |Serie A |6 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |6 |2 |- |2015–16<ref name="sw" /> |Serie A |12 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |12 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !18 !2 !0 !0 !0 !0 !18 !2 |- |Fiorentina (loan) |2015–16<ref name="sw" /> |Serie A |7 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |8 |0 |- |San Lorenzo |2016–17<ref name="sw" /> |Argentine Primera División |8 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |13 |0 |- |Almería |2017–18<ref name="sw" /> |Segunda División |14 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |15 |2 |- |San Martín Tucumán |2018–19<ref name="sw" /> |Argentine Primera División |13 |4 |2 |0 |0 |0 |15 |4 |- | rowspan="3" |Atlético Nacional |2019<ref name="sw" /> |Categoría Primera A |9 |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |11 |1 |- |2020<ref name="sw" /> |Categoría Primera A |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !11 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 !13 !1 |- |San Martín Tucumán |2020<ref name="sw" /> |Primera B Nacional |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !369 !47 !24 !3 !30 !3 !423 !53 |} <references group="nb" /> == Daraja == '''Ƙungiyar tsere ta BT''' * Babban Jami'in Guadeloupe : 2003-04 * Coupe de Guadeloupe : 2004 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Tino Costa at BDFutbol * Tino Costa – French league stats at LFP – also available in French (archived) * [http://www.ciberche.net/histoche/jugadores/19?pid=814&show_all=1 Ciberche stats and bio] {{In lang|es}} * {{Soccerway|alberto-costa/37685}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 1kp1xwitu0yq969yf1csyg0kqkywmmw 0 162319 887796 2026-07-26T16:25:36Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301541515|Abdelaziz Tawfik]]" 887796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdelaziz Tawfik Mohamed Hassan''' ( Arabic ; an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1986) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] [[Misirawa|na ƙasar Masar]] wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . Tawfik ya buga wasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa ta Duniya ta FIFA ta 2005 a [[Holand|Netherlands]] . <ref>{{FIFA player|212290|Abdelaziz Tawfik}}</ref> Shi ne babban ɗan'uwan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Premier League na Masar Ahmed Tawfik na Pyramids da Akram Tawfik na Al Ahly . == Aikin kulob == Kwarewar da Tawfik ya nuna a El Mansoura ta sa ENPPI ta yi tayin samun damar yin aikinsa, duk da cewa ba shi da wani muhimmanci ko kaɗan. Matashin ɗan wasan tsakiya ya kafa kansa cikin sauri a sabuwar ƙungiyarsa, sakamakon haka ya shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Masar . Ba a lura da kyawawan ayyukansa a Turai ba. Daga nan ya koma Al-Masry tun farkon kakar wasa (2011–2012). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{NFT player|26462}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] 3njj6npvkahy7c2iyevhq6k5kr525wd 887812 887796 2026-07-26T16:43:15Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdelaziz Tawfik Mohamed Hassan''' ( Arabic ; an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1986) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] [[Misirawa|na ƙasar Masar]] wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . Tawfik ya buga wasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa ta Duniya ta FIFA ta 2005 a [[Holand|Netherlands]] . <ref>{{FIFA player|212290|Abdelaziz Tawfik}}</ref> Shi ne babban ɗan'uwan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Premier League na Masar Ahmed Tawfik na Pyramids da Akram Tawfik na Al Ahly . == Aikin kulob == Kwarewar da Tawfik ya nuna a El Mansoura ta sa ENPPI ta yi tayin samun damar yin aikinsa, duk da cewa ba shi da wani muhimmanci ko kaɗan. Matashin ɗan wasan tsakiya ya kafa kansa cikin sauri a sabuwar ƙungiyarsa, sakamakon haka ya shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Masar . Ba a lura da kyawawan ayyukansa a Turai ba. Daga nan ya koma Al-Masry tun farkon kakar wasa (2011–2012). == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{NFT player|26462}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} o2mw39l6cpoe1orru14n4fyupkbpuj4 0 162320 887797 2026-07-26T16:27:17Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365234672|Tanguy Nianzou]]" 887797 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Nianzou Tanguy-Austin Kouassi''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2002), wanda aka fi sani da '''Tanguy Nianzou''', [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Ligue 1 ta Lille . Ya wakilci Faransa a ƙasashen duniya a matakai daban-daban na matasa. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nianzou Tanguy-Austin Kouassi <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2019 |title=FIFA U-17 World Cup Brazil 2019: List of Players: France |url=https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FU17WC/2019/pdf/FU17WC_2019_Squadlists.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227222540/https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FU17WC/2019/pdf/FU17WC_2019_Squadlists.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2019 |publisher=FIFA |page=9}}</ref> a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2002 a [[Faris|birnin Paris]] ga iyayensa 'yan Ivory Coast. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanguy Nianzou: Who is Bayern Munich's French centre-back for the future? |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/who-is-tanguy-nianzou-kouassi-bayern-munich-s-new-france-centre-back-psg-11844 |access-date=13 November 2022 |publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Paris Saint-Germain === Nianzou, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a makarantar horar da 'yan wasa ta [[Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG), ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2019 a gasar da suka doke Montpellier da ci 3-1. <ref name="prodebut">{{Cite web |title=MONTPELLIER VS. PSG 1 – 3 |url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2019/12/07/france/ligue-1/montpellier-herault-sport-club/paris-saint-germain-fc/3030709/ |access-date=8 December 2019 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ya buga wasansa na farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] yayin da PSG ta yi nasara a kan [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] da ci 5-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2020 |title=One to watch: Tanguy Kouassi |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/ONE-TO-WATCH/2020/03/18/tanguy-kouassi |website=Ligue1 |publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> Nianzou ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reims da ci 3-0 a gasar Coupe de France a ranar 22 ga Janairu 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar, PSG Top Stade De Reims 3–0 to advance to Coupe de la Ligue Final |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2872668-neymar-psg-top-stade-de-reims-3-0-to-advance-to-coupe-de-la-ligue-final |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Wannan kwallon da ya ci ita ce kwallo ta 4,000 a tarihin PSG. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reims 0–3 Paris Saint-Germain: Kouassi nets landmark goal as PSG cruise into Coupe de la Ligue Final |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/match/reims-v-psg/aalquewe7zjkpqd9a86nbq1re |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu na farko a [[Ligue 1|gasar Ligue 1]] a wasan waje wanda ya ƙare da kunnen doki 4-4 da Amiens a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2020. A ranar 11 ga Maris, Nianzou ya buga wasansa na ƙarshe a PSG, inda suka yi nasara a kan Borussia Dortmund da ci 2-0 a gasar zakarun Turai. Ya bar ƙungiyar Paris bayan karewar kwangilarsa, sannan ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] ta hanyar canja wuri kyauta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2019 |title=Tanguy KOUASSI |url=https://histoiredupsg.fr/tanguy-kouassi |access-date=18 December 2020 |website=Histoire du PSG |language=fr}}</ref> === Bayern Munich === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2020, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bundesliga, Bayern Munich, ta sanar da ɗaukar Nianzou a kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu. <ref name="bayernsigned">{{Cite web |title=FC Bayern sign Tanguy Nianzou Kouassi |url=https://fcbayern.com/en/news/2020/07/press-release-fc-bayern-sign-tanguy-nianzou-kouassi |access-date=1 July 2020 |publisher=FC Bayern Munich}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a gasar zakarun Turai da ci 3-1 a hannun VfB Stuttgart a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2020 |title=VfB Stuttgart vs Bayern Munich |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match?gameId=576628 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Disamba, Nianzou ya ji rauni a tsoka, kuma an yi watsi da shi na tsawon wata ɗaya zuwa biyu. Raunin ya daɗe yana faruwa ne sakamakon raunin da ya faru a farkon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dillon |first=John |date=12 December 2020 |title=Tanguy Nianzou reinjures leg, out another 1–2 months |url=https://www.bavarianfootballworks.com/2020/12/12/22171521/bayern-munich-tanguy-nianzou-muscle-injury-leg-two-months-france-hansi-flick-leon-goretzka |access-date=18 December 2020 |website=bavarianfootballworks.com}}</ref> Dawowarsa ta tabbata ta zo a makare fiye da yadda aka zata, domin ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Union Berlin a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bayern Munich vs. Union Berlin |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/04/10/germany/bundesliga/fc-bayern-munchen/1-fc-union-berlin/3331834/ |access-date=10 April 2021 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Maris 2022, ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a kungiyar a wasan da suka doke Union Berlin da ci 4-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2022 |title=8 Spieler, 8 Geschichten - Die Union-Story zum Heimsieg |url=https://fcbayern.com/de/news/2022/03/8-spieler-8-geschichten---die-union-story-zum-heimsieg |publisher=FC Bayern Munich |language=de}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nianzou ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da kulob din [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] na Sipaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2022 |title=WELCOME, TANGUY NIANZOU! |url=https://sevillafc.es/en/actual/news/tanguy-nianzou-signs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817163225/https://www.sevillafc.es/en/actual/news/tanguy-nianzou-signs |archive-date=17 August 2022 |access-date=17 August 2022 |publisher=Sevilla}}</ref> Bayan kwana biyu, Nianzou ya fara buga wasa a karawar da Real Valladolid . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=Nianzou unveiled as a Sevillista |url=https://sevillafc.es/en/actual/news/nianzou-unveiled |publisher=Sevilla}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar zakarun Turai a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Borussia Dortmund. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=Dortmund 1–1 Sevilla |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2035702--dortmund-vs-sevilla/ |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Janairu 2023, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar La Liga a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun [[Girona FC|Girona]] da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2023 |title=Girona 2–1 Sevilla |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/girona-vs-sevilla/469680 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> === Lille === A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2026, Nianzou ya koma Faransa kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da Lille . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2026 |title=Tanguy Nianzou, nouveau renfort de taille pour le LOSC ! |trans-title=Tanguy Nianzou, a major new signing for LOSC! |url=https://www.losc.fr/actualites/2026-07-18/tanguy-nianzou-nouveau-renfort-de-taille-pour-le-losc |access-date=20 July 2026 |publisher=Lille OSC |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Nianzou matashi ne ɗan ƙasar Faransa wanda ya fara wasa a duniya. Yana cikin tawagar Faransa da ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA ta 2019 .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa wadda ta zo ta uku a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 ta 2019 . Ya fara dukkan wasanni bakwai na Faransa a gasar kuma ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar ramawa a wasan da ƙungiyarsa ta yi da Spain a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da ci 6-1. <ref name="u17wcgoal">{{Cite web |title=Match – Espagne – France – FFF |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/8/u18/matchs/2966/2019-11-11/espagne-france |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 5 April 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/nianzou-tanguy-kouassi/571815/ |title=T. Nianzou: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[DFB-Pokal]], [[Copa del Rey]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |[[Paris Saint-Germain]] |2019–20 |[[Ligue 1]] |6 |2 |3 |0 |2 |1 |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |0 |0 |0 |13 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] |2020–21 |Bundesliga |6 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |6 |0 |- |2021–22 |Bundesliga |17 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |4[c] |0 |0 |0 |22 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !23 !1 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !4 !0 !0 !0 !28 !1 |- | rowspan="5" |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2022–23 |[[La Liga]] |19 |1 |5 |1 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|Two appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League, four appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |30 |3 |- |2023–24 |La Liga |8 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2[c] |0 |0 |0 |14 |0 |- |2024–25 |La Liga |6 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |0 |- |2025–26 |La Liga |12 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |12 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !45 !1 !9 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !0 !0 !62 !3 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !74 !4 !13 !1 !2 !1 !14 !1 !0 !0 !103 !7 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Paris Saint-Germain''' * [[Ligue 1|Gasar Ligue 1]] : 2019–20 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2020 |title=PSG champions as season ended |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/04/30/psg-champions-season-ended-ligue-1 |access-date=30 April 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> * Coupe de France : 2019-20 * Coupe de la Ligue : 2019-20 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay |first=George |date=1 August 2020 |title=PSG completes domestic treble after French League Cup final victory against Lyon |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/01/football/psg-lyon-french-league-cup-final-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=12 December 2020 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> '''Bayern Munich''' * Bundesliga : 2020–21, 2021–22 <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2022 |title=Gnabry eröffnet sehenswert: FC Bayern zum zehnten Mal in Folge Meister |url=https://www.kicker.de/bayern-gegen-dortmund-2022-bundesliga-4721765/analyse |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=[[Kicker (magazine)|Kicker]] |language=de}}</ref> * Gasar cin kofin DFL-Supercup : 2021, <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Robert Lewandowski double as Bayern Munich overcome Borussia Dortmund to win the Supercup |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/borussia-dortmund-bayern-munich-live-supercup-line-ups-stats-haaland-lewandowski-16902 |access-date=11 October 2021 |publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> 2022 '''Sevilla''' * Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA : 2022–23 '''<nowiki/>'Yan ƙasa da shekara 17 na Faransa''' * Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-17 ta zo ta uku: 2019 <ref name="fifa">{{Cite web |title=FIFA U-17 World Cup Brazil 2019 – France |url=https://www.fifa.com/u17worldcup/teams/team/1888290/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710161618/https://www.fifa.com/u17worldcup/teams/team/1888290/ |archive-date=10 July 2019 |access-date=7 December 2019 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Titi d'Or : 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2020 |title=Tanguy Kouassi sacré Titi d'Or 2019 |url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/the-club/content/tanguy-kouassi-sacre-titi-dor-2019 |access-date=4 May 2020 |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain F.C. |language=fr}}</ref> * Gasar Maurice Revello Mafi kyawun XI: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maurice Revello Tournament 2022 best XI |url=https://www.festival-foot-espoirs.com/festival/detail_actualite.php?id=5178 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.festival-foot-espoirs.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [https://sevillafc.es/en/teams/first-team/nianzou bayanin martaba] a shafin yanar gizo na Sevilla FC * Tanguy Nianzou [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] t048ui6d8jiloqhi6rqzx7t6pclbawt 887810 887797 2026-07-26T16:42:13Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nianzou Tanguy-Austin Kouassi''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2002), wanda aka fi sani da '''Tanguy Nianzou''', [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar Ligue 1 ta Lille . Ya wakilci Faransa a ƙasashen duniya a matakai daban-daban na matasa. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Nianzou Tanguy-Austin Kouassi <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2019 |title=FIFA U-17 World Cup Brazil 2019: List of Players: France |url=https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FU17WC/2019/pdf/FU17WC_2019_Squadlists.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227222540/https://www.fifadata.com/documents/FU17WC/2019/pdf/FU17WC_2019_Squadlists.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2019 |publisher=FIFA |page=9}}</ref> a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2002 a [[Faris|birnin Paris]] ga iyayensa 'yan Ivory Coast. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanguy Nianzou: Who is Bayern Munich's French centre-back for the future? |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/who-is-tanguy-nianzou-kouassi-bayern-munich-s-new-france-centre-back-psg-11844 |access-date=13 November 2022 |publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Paris Saint-Germain === Nianzou, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a makarantar horar da 'yan wasa ta [[Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG), ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2019 a gasar da suka doke Montpellier da ci 3-1. <ref name="prodebut">{{Cite web |title=MONTPELLIER VS. PSG 1 – 3 |url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2019/12/07/france/ligue-1/montpellier-herault-sport-club/paris-saint-germain-fc/3030709/ |access-date=8 December 2019 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ya buga wasansa na farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] yayin da PSG ta yi nasara a kan [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] da ci 5-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2020 |title=One to watch: Tanguy Kouassi |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/ONE-TO-WATCH/2020/03/18/tanguy-kouassi |website=Ligue1 |publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> Nianzou ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reims da ci 3-0 a gasar Coupe de France a ranar 22 ga Janairu 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Neymar, PSG Top Stade De Reims 3–0 to advance to Coupe de la Ligue Final |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2872668-neymar-psg-top-stade-de-reims-3-0-to-advance-to-coupe-de-la-ligue-final |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Wannan kwallon da ya ci ita ce kwallo ta 4,000 a tarihin PSG. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reims 0–3 Paris Saint-Germain: Kouassi nets landmark goal as PSG cruise into Coupe de la Ligue Final |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/match/reims-v-psg/aalquewe7zjkpqd9a86nbq1re |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu na farko a [[Ligue 1|gasar Ligue 1]] a wasan waje wanda ya ƙare da kunnen doki 4-4 da Amiens a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2020. A ranar 11 ga Maris, Nianzou ya buga wasansa na ƙarshe a PSG, inda suka yi nasara a kan Borussia Dortmund da ci 2-0 a gasar zakarun Turai. Ya bar ƙungiyar Paris bayan karewar kwangilarsa, sannan ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] ta hanyar canja wuri kyauta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2019 |title=Tanguy KOUASSI |url=https://histoiredupsg.fr/tanguy-kouassi |access-date=18 December 2020 |website=Histoire du PSG |language=fr}}</ref> === Bayern Munich === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2020, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bundesliga, Bayern Munich, ta sanar da ɗaukar Nianzou a kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu. <ref name="bayernsigned">{{Cite web |title=FC Bayern sign Tanguy Nianzou Kouassi |url=https://fcbayern.com/en/news/2020/07/press-release-fc-bayern-sign-tanguy-nianzou-kouassi |access-date=1 July 2020 |publisher=FC Bayern Munich}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a gasar zakarun Turai da ci 3-1 a hannun VfB Stuttgart a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2020 |title=VfB Stuttgart vs Bayern Munich |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match?gameId=576628 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Disamba, Nianzou ya ji rauni a tsoka, kuma an yi watsi da shi na tsawon wata ɗaya zuwa biyu. Raunin ya daɗe yana faruwa ne sakamakon raunin da ya faru a farkon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dillon |first=John |date=12 December 2020 |title=Tanguy Nianzou reinjures leg, out another 1–2 months |url=https://www.bavarianfootballworks.com/2020/12/12/22171521/bayern-munich-tanguy-nianzou-muscle-injury-leg-two-months-france-hansi-flick-leon-goretzka |access-date=18 December 2020 |website=bavarianfootballworks.com}}</ref> Dawowarsa ta tabbata ta zo a makare fiye da yadda aka zata, domin ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Union Berlin a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bayern Munich vs. Union Berlin |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/04/10/germany/bundesliga/fc-bayern-munchen/1-fc-union-berlin/3331834/ |access-date=10 April 2021 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Maris 2022, ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a kungiyar a wasan da suka doke Union Berlin da ci 4-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2022 |title=8 Spieler, 8 Geschichten - Die Union-Story zum Heimsieg |url=https://fcbayern.com/de/news/2022/03/8-spieler-8-geschichten---die-union-story-zum-heimsieg |publisher=FC Bayern Munich |language=de}}</ref> === Sevilla === A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2022, Nianzou ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da kulob din [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] na Sipaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2022 |title=WELCOME, TANGUY NIANZOU! |url=https://sevillafc.es/en/actual/news/tanguy-nianzou-signs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817163225/https://www.sevillafc.es/en/actual/news/tanguy-nianzou-signs |archive-date=17 August 2022 |access-date=17 August 2022 |publisher=Sevilla}}</ref> Bayan kwana biyu, Nianzou ya fara buga wasa a karawar da Real Valladolid . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=Nianzou unveiled as a Sevillista |url=https://sevillafc.es/en/actual/news/nianzou-unveiled |publisher=Sevilla}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar zakarun Turai a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Borussia Dortmund. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=Dortmund 1–1 Sevilla |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2035702--dortmund-vs-sevilla/ |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Janairu 2023, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar La Liga a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun [[Girona FC|Girona]] da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2023 |title=Girona 2–1 Sevilla |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/girona-vs-sevilla/469680 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> === Lille === A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2026, Nianzou ya koma Faransa kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da Lille . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2026 |title=Tanguy Nianzou, nouveau renfort de taille pour le LOSC ! |trans-title=Tanguy Nianzou, a major new signing for LOSC! |url=https://www.losc.fr/actualites/2026-07-18/tanguy-nianzou-nouveau-renfort-de-taille-pour-le-losc |access-date=20 July 2026 |publisher=Lille OSC |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Nianzou matashi ne ɗan ƙasar Faransa wanda ya fara wasa a duniya. Yana cikin tawagar Faransa da ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA ta 2019 .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa wadda ta zo ta uku a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 ta 2019 . Ya fara dukkan wasanni bakwai na Faransa a gasar kuma ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi damar ramawa a wasan da ƙungiyarsa ta yi da Spain a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da ci 6-1. <ref name="u17wcgoal">{{Cite web |title=Match – Espagne – France – FFF |url=https://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/8/u18/matchs/2966/2019-11-11/espagne-france |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 5 April 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/nianzou-tanguy-kouassi/571815/ |title=T. Nianzou: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=10 December 2023}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[DFB-Pokal]], [[Copa del Rey]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |[[Paris Saint-Germain]] |2019–20 |[[Ligue 1]] |6 |2 |3 |0 |2 |1 |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |0 |0 |0 |13 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] |2020–21 |Bundesliga |6 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |6 |0 |- |2021–22 |Bundesliga |17 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |4[c] |0 |0 |0 |22 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !23 !1 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !4 !0 !0 !0 !28 !1 |- | rowspan="5" |[[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] |2022–23 |[[La Liga]] |19 |1 |5 |1 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|Two appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League, four appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |30 |3 |- |2023–24 |La Liga |8 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2[c] |0 |0 |0 |14 |0 |- |2024–25 |La Liga |6 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |6 |0 |- |2025–26 |La Liga |12 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |12 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !45 !1 !9 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !0 !0 !62 !3 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !74 !4 !13 !1 !2 !1 !14 !1 !0 !0 !103 !7 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Paris Saint-Germain''' * [[Ligue 1|Gasar Ligue 1]] : 2019–20 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2020 |title=PSG champions as season ended |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2020/04/30/psg-champions-season-ended-ligue-1 |access-date=30 April 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=Ligue 1}}</ref> * Coupe de France : 2019-20 * Coupe de la Ligue : 2019-20 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay |first=George |date=1 August 2020 |title=PSG completes domestic treble after French League Cup final victory against Lyon |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/01/football/psg-lyon-french-league-cup-final-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=12 December 2020 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> '''Bayern Munich''' * Bundesliga : 2020–21, 2021–22 <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2022 |title=Gnabry eröffnet sehenswert: FC Bayern zum zehnten Mal in Folge Meister |url=https://www.kicker.de/bayern-gegen-dortmund-2022-bundesliga-4721765/analyse |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=[[Kicker (magazine)|Kicker]] |language=de}}</ref> * Gasar cin kofin DFL-Supercup : 2021, <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Robert Lewandowski double as Bayern Munich overcome Borussia Dortmund to win the Supercup |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/borussia-dortmund-bayern-munich-live-supercup-line-ups-stats-haaland-lewandowski-16902 |access-date=11 October 2021 |publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> 2022 '''Sevilla''' * Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA : 2022–23 '''<nowiki/>'Yan ƙasa da shekara 17 na Faransa''' * Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-17 ta zo ta uku: 2019 <ref name="fifa">{{Cite web |title=FIFA U-17 World Cup Brazil 2019 – France |url=https://www.fifa.com/u17worldcup/teams/team/1888290/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710161618/https://www.fifa.com/u17worldcup/teams/team/1888290/ |archive-date=10 July 2019 |access-date=7 December 2019 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Titi d'Or : 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2020 |title=Tanguy Kouassi sacré Titi d'Or 2019 |url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/the-club/content/tanguy-kouassi-sacre-titi-dor-2019 |access-date=4 May 2020 |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain F.C. |language=fr}}</ref> * Gasar Maurice Revello Mafi kyawun XI: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maurice Revello Tournament 2022 best XI |url=https://www.festival-foot-espoirs.com/festival/detail_actualite.php?id=5178 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.festival-foot-espoirs.com}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [https://sevillafc.es/en/teams/first-team/nianzou bayanin martaba] a shafin yanar gizo na Sevilla FC * Tanguy Nianzou [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] == Manazarta == s0fithr78rt8t175dgmh7zyvkqv6wt1 0 162321 887798 2026-07-26T16:27:57Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361661783|Hatem Ben Arfa]]" 887798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] jlnkvdht2drtrxsvqowhw1ngp7d45hv 887799 887798 2026-07-26T16:28:37Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361661783|Hatem Ben Arfa]]" 887799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] 2kpr6kh1q7olxr1i7nveh732wqsolvj 887800 887799 2026-07-26T16:29:25Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361661783|Hatem Ben Arfa]]" 887800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. Bayan tafiyar 'yan wasan gefe Florent Malouda da [[Sylvain Wiltord]], sabon kocin kungiyar Alain Perrin ya fi son tsarin 4-3-3 na zamani, sannan ya mayar da Ben Arfa zuwa bangaren hagu na kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ben Arfa ya saba da matsayin da sauri kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Metz da ci 5-1 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, kodayake wasansa ya sha bamban da na Benzema. Ana iya cewa mafi kyawun wasansa a cikin rigar Lyon ya faru ne a cikin kwanaki 12, inda ya buga wasan lig a ranar 28 ga Oktoba da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wasan Zakarun Turai da kungiyar Jamus VfB Stuttgart a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a kowanne wasa, sakamakon duka biyun ya kasance na goyon bayan Lyon. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada shi a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasa (UNFP). Duk da jita-jitar rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Benzema, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon a watan Maris na 2008 har zuwa 2010. Duk da haka, aikinsa a Lyon ya gamu da cikas bayan ya shiga cikin rikicin horo da Sébastien Squillaci . === Marseille === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_vs_Matthieu_Chalmé_(GB).jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Ara in the Coupe de la Ligue|right|thumb|249x249px| Ben Arfa ya fafata da mai tsaron bayan Bordeaux Matthieu Chalmé]] Duk da rahotannin da ke cewa kungiyoyin Ingila kamar [[Everton FC|Everton]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] na son sayen dan wasan, jita-jitar komawa abokiyar hamayyarta Marseille ta fara bayyana. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2008, Lyon ta tabbatar da cewa an soke shirin komawa Marseille a yanzu. Duk da haka, Ben Arfa ya tabbatar wa jaridar ''La Provence'' ta gida a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni cewa ya sanya hannu a kulob din da ke gabar tekun kudu kuma ba zai koma Lyon don atisayen kafin kakar wasa ba washegari. Daga baya ''La Provence'' ta ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya rasa horo a Lyon a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da manufarsa. Ben Arfa ya koma Marseille a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2008 kan Yuro 12.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na gaba da za a haɗa daga baya, bayan an cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Marseille da Lyon a wani taro da Ligue de Football Professionals ta shirya. Sakamakon rashin jituwa kan canja wurin ɗan wasan, a watan Disamba na 2008, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa jaridar [[Lyon]] ta gida ''Le Progrès'' cewa tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ba ta da aji kuma ba ƙungiya ce mai kyau ba. An gabatar da Ben Arfa ga manema labarai kuma ya yi atisayensa na farko tare da kulob din a ranar. An ba shi riga mai lamba 20. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, Ben Arfa ya sake shiga cikin wani rikici a lokacin atisaye, a wannan karon da dan wasan gaba kuma dan wasan Faransa [[Djibril cisse|Djibril Cissé]] . Daga baya Cissé ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a matsayin aro. Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da Rennes. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ''Les Marseille'' a wannan wasan. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 11 na farko da ya buga. Duk da haka, suna da yake da shi na takaddama ya ci gaba da damunsa lokacin da ya shiga wata takaddama, a wannan karon tare da ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|ƙasa da ƙasa na Kamaru]] [[Modeste M'bami]] a lokacin wani zaman ɗumama jiki kafin wasan da ƙungiyar za ta yi da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Dole ne Ronald Zubar ya raba su biyun. Rigima ta sake tashi bayan rashin nasara da Marseille da ci 4-2 a hannun abokan hamayyar ''Le Classique'' Paris-Saint Germain. Ya fusata daga kocin Eric Gerets bayan kin barin benci don ya huta. Daga baya Ben Arfa ya ce ya ji rauni sosai wanda hakan ya sa Gerets ba shi da daɗi, amma daga baya ya nemi afuwa ga manema labarai da kuma Gerets da kansa. Bayan dawowarsa cikin tawagar, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa a zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-1. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] oedworzlfa9ywt441ixg99sd0jlwtco 887801 887800 2026-07-26T16:30:33Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361661783|Hatem Ben Arfa]]" 887801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. Bayan tafiyar 'yan wasan gefe Florent Malouda da [[Sylvain Wiltord]], sabon kocin kungiyar Alain Perrin ya fi son tsarin 4-3-3 na zamani, sannan ya mayar da Ben Arfa zuwa bangaren hagu na kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ben Arfa ya saba da matsayin da sauri kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Metz da ci 5-1 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, kodayake wasansa ya sha bamban da na Benzema. Ana iya cewa mafi kyawun wasansa a cikin rigar Lyon ya faru ne a cikin kwanaki 12, inda ya buga wasan lig a ranar 28 ga Oktoba da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wasan Zakarun Turai da kungiyar Jamus VfB Stuttgart a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a kowanne wasa, sakamakon duka biyun ya kasance na goyon bayan Lyon. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada shi a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasa (UNFP). Duk da jita-jitar rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Benzema, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon a watan Maris na 2008 har zuwa 2010. Duk da haka, aikinsa a Lyon ya gamu da cikas bayan ya shiga cikin rikicin horo da Sébastien Squillaci . === Marseille === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_vs_Matthieu_Chalmé_(GB).jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Ara in the Coupe de la Ligue|right|thumb|249x249px| Ben Arfa ya fafata da mai tsaron bayan Bordeaux Matthieu Chalmé]] Duk da rahotannin da ke cewa kungiyoyin Ingila kamar [[Everton FC|Everton]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] na son sayen dan wasan, jita-jitar komawa abokiyar hamayyarta Marseille ta fara bayyana. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2008, Lyon ta tabbatar da cewa an soke shirin komawa Marseille a yanzu. Duk da haka, Ben Arfa ya tabbatar wa jaridar ''La Provence'' ta gida a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni cewa ya sanya hannu a kulob din da ke gabar tekun kudu kuma ba zai koma Lyon don atisayen kafin kakar wasa ba washegari. Daga baya ''La Provence'' ta ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya rasa horo a Lyon a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da manufarsa. Ben Arfa ya koma Marseille a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2008 kan Yuro 12.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na gaba da za a haɗa daga baya, bayan an cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Marseille da Lyon a wani taro da Ligue de Football Professionals ta shirya. Sakamakon rashin jituwa kan canja wurin ɗan wasan, a watan Disamba na 2008, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa jaridar [[Lyon]] ta gida ''Le Progrès'' cewa tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ba ta da aji kuma ba ƙungiya ce mai kyau ba. An gabatar da Ben Arfa ga manema labarai kuma ya yi atisayensa na farko tare da kulob din a ranar. An ba shi riga mai lamba 20. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, Ben Arfa ya sake shiga cikin wani rikici a lokacin atisaye, a wannan karon da dan wasan gaba kuma dan wasan Faransa [[Djibril cisse|Djibril Cissé]] . Daga baya Cissé ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a matsayin aro. Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da Rennes. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ''Les Marseille'' a wannan wasan. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 11 na farko da ya buga. Duk da haka, suna da yake da shi na takaddama ya ci gaba da damunsa lokacin da ya shiga wata takaddama, a wannan karon tare da ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|ƙasa da ƙasa na Kamaru]] [[Modeste M'bami]] a lokacin wani zaman ɗumama jiki kafin wasan da ƙungiyar za ta yi da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Dole ne Ronald Zubar ya raba su biyun. Rigima ta sake tashi bayan rashin nasara da Marseille da ci 4-2 a hannun abokan hamayyar ''Le Classique'' Paris-Saint Germain. Ya fusata daga kocin Eric Gerets bayan kin barin benci don ya huta. Daga baya Ben Arfa ya ce ya ji rauni sosai wanda hakan ya sa Gerets ba shi da daɗi, amma daga baya ya nemi afuwa ga manema labarai da kuma Gerets da kansa. Bayan dawowarsa cikin tawagar, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa a zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-1. [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_et_la_Coupe_de_la_Ligue.jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Arfa and Stéphane M'Bia|left|thumb|248x248px| Ben Arfa yana bikin Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 tare da Mamadou Niang]] Ben Arfa ya canza rigarsa mai lamba 10 a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Grenoble da ci 2-0 a waje, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 68. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a karawar da Lille ta yi da Lille kuma ya taimaka wa Brandão ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara. Sai dai cece-kuce ya sake tasowa, lokacin da a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2009, aka ci Ben Arfa tarar Yuro 10,000 saboda rashin halartar atisaye. Ben Arfa ya dora alhakin rashin zuwa filin jirgin sama kan jinkirin da aka samu yayin da yake a Tunisia yana ziyartar 'yan uwa a lokacin hutun kasa da kasa. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, ya shiga takaddama mai zafi da kocinsa [[Didier Deschamps]] a lokacin wani horo, wanda daga baya Ben Arfa ya nemi afuwa. A ƙarƙashin Deschamps a farkon rabin kakar wasa, Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni 15 daga cikin 20 na ƙungiyar a gasar lig kuma ya buga mintuna 90 kacal a wasanni biyu, rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Monaco da kuma rashin nasara 2-0 a hannun Auxerre . Wasan Ben Arfa a kakar wasa ta 2010 ya jawo yabo daga Deschamps da daraktan wasanni José Anigo . A ranar 10 ga Janairun 2010, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a kan kungiyar 'yan wasan Trélissac a gasar Coupe de France . Bayan wata guda, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Marseille ta samu a kan Valenciennes da ci 5-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallon farko da Lucho González ya zura. <ref name="Schuber 2010" /> Daga baya a wannan watan, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a waje a wasan farko na gasar UEFA Europa League da kungiyar Copenhagen ta Denmark. A wasan dawowa a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya sake jefa kwallo, inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 43. Marseille ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 3-1, kuma jimillar kwallaye 6-2. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Paris Saint-Germain da ci 3-0. An tabbatar da rawar da Ben Arfa ya taka a watan Fabrairu lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan UNFP na wata . Marseille ta lashe dukkan wasannin gasar guda hudu da kungiyar ta fafata da su, inda Ben Arfa ya fara wasan. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya ci bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 3-0. Nasarar ta sanya ƙungiyar a saman tebur, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa a can har tsawon sauran kakar wasa kuma sun lashe gasar a ranar 5 ga Mayu da nasara 3-1 a kan Rennes. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan. A ranar 22 ga Yuli 2010, rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kulob din Ingila [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na neman sayen Ben Arfa. Bayan an yi masa tambayoyi, manajan Newcastle Chris Hughton ya musanta rahotannin. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, wakilin Ben Arfa ya bayyana cewa Newcastle tana sha'awar dan wasan, tare da kungiyoyin Jamus Hoffenheim da Werder Bremen, kungiyar [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] ta Turkiyya, da kuma kungiyar Italiya AC Milan . A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, ana tattaunawa kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zabin mayar da shi na dindindin tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu; duk da haka, ba a iya cimma kudin aro na yarjejeniyar ba inda Newcastle ta bayar da fam 650,000; £350,000 kasa da abin da Marseille ke so. A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, shugaban Marseille Jean-Claude Dassier ya sanar da cewa Ben Arfa ba zai koma Newcastle ba, har ma ya ce ba a yi tayin da kulob din ya yi masa ba. Kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin da ya bar Lyon, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ga sanarwar ta hanyar shaida wa jaridar wasanni ta Faransa ''L'Équipe'' cewa ba zai koma La Commanderie ba, cibiyar horar da Marseille, kuma ba zai buga wasa da kungiyar ba har tsawon kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dangantakarsa da Deschamps ta yi tsami kuma ba za a iya gyara ta ba. Ben Arfa ya tabbatar da niyyarsa ta hanyar tafiya zuwa [[Newcastle|Newcastle a kan Tyne]], ba tare da izini ba, tare da fatan Newcastle da Marseille za su cimma yarjejeniya. Bayan ya koma Marseille, ya rasa horo da dama tare da ƙungiyar iyayensa, kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga tawagar 'yan wasan ranar wasan don wasanni biyu da suka yi da Valenciennes da Lorient . Daga baya aka bai wa sabon dan wasan da aka sayo André-Pierre Gignac lamba 10 ta Ben Arfa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa an kusa canja wurinsa. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, shawarar komawa Werder Bremen ta gaza cimma nasara bayan da daraktan wasanni na kulob din Klaus Allofs ya bayyana cewa kulob din ba ya sha'awar Ben Arfa, duk da rahotannin da ke cewa Werder Bremen ta bai wa Marseille kudin musayar 'yan wasa na €8.&nbsp;miliyan. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Dassier ya tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya cimma yarjejeniya kan kudin aro da Newcastle don daukar Ben Arfa, inda yarjejeniyar sirri ita ce kawai abin da ke kawo cikas a yarjejeniyar. Marseille ta amince ta biya £2&nbsp;kudin lamuni na miliyan daya. Newcastle za ta sake biyan Marseille £5.&nbsp;miliyan idan Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni 25 a kulob a kakar wasa ta 2010-11, wanda hakan zai sa canja wurin ya zama na dindindin. === Newcastle United === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7k9zodkmu70hicfykhfttbtfikl6aya 887802 887801 2026-07-26T16:31:38Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361661783|Hatem Ben Arfa]]" 887802 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. Bayan tafiyar 'yan wasan gefe Florent Malouda da [[Sylvain Wiltord]], sabon kocin kungiyar Alain Perrin ya fi son tsarin 4-3-3 na zamani, sannan ya mayar da Ben Arfa zuwa bangaren hagu na kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ben Arfa ya saba da matsayin da sauri kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Metz da ci 5-1 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, kodayake wasansa ya sha bamban da na Benzema. Ana iya cewa mafi kyawun wasansa a cikin rigar Lyon ya faru ne a cikin kwanaki 12, inda ya buga wasan lig a ranar 28 ga Oktoba da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wasan Zakarun Turai da kungiyar Jamus VfB Stuttgart a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a kowanne wasa, sakamakon duka biyun ya kasance na goyon bayan Lyon. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada shi a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasa (UNFP). Duk da jita-jitar rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Benzema, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon a watan Maris na 2008 har zuwa 2010. Duk da haka, aikinsa a Lyon ya gamu da cikas bayan ya shiga cikin rikicin horo da Sébastien Squillaci . === Marseille === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_vs_Matthieu_Chalmé_(GB).jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Ara in the Coupe de la Ligue|right|thumb|249x249px| Ben Arfa ya fafata da mai tsaron bayan Bordeaux Matthieu Chalmé]] Duk da rahotannin da ke cewa kungiyoyin Ingila kamar [[Everton FC|Everton]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] na son sayen dan wasan, jita-jitar komawa abokiyar hamayyarta Marseille ta fara bayyana. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2008, Lyon ta tabbatar da cewa an soke shirin komawa Marseille a yanzu. Duk da haka, Ben Arfa ya tabbatar wa jaridar ''La Provence'' ta gida a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni cewa ya sanya hannu a kulob din da ke gabar tekun kudu kuma ba zai koma Lyon don atisayen kafin kakar wasa ba washegari. Daga baya ''La Provence'' ta ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya rasa horo a Lyon a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da manufarsa. Ben Arfa ya koma Marseille a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2008 kan Yuro 12.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na gaba da za a haɗa daga baya, bayan an cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Marseille da Lyon a wani taro da Ligue de Football Professionals ta shirya. Sakamakon rashin jituwa kan canja wurin ɗan wasan, a watan Disamba na 2008, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa jaridar [[Lyon]] ta gida ''Le Progrès'' cewa tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ba ta da aji kuma ba ƙungiya ce mai kyau ba. An gabatar da Ben Arfa ga manema labarai kuma ya yi atisayensa na farko tare da kulob din a ranar. An ba shi riga mai lamba 20. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, Ben Arfa ya sake shiga cikin wani rikici a lokacin atisaye, a wannan karon da dan wasan gaba kuma dan wasan Faransa [[Djibril cisse|Djibril Cissé]] . Daga baya Cissé ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a matsayin aro. Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da Rennes. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ''Les Marseille'' a wannan wasan. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 11 na farko da ya buga. Duk da haka, suna da yake da shi na takaddama ya ci gaba da damunsa lokacin da ya shiga wata takaddama, a wannan karon tare da ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|ƙasa da ƙasa na Kamaru]] [[Modeste M'bami]] a lokacin wani zaman ɗumama jiki kafin wasan da ƙungiyar za ta yi da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Dole ne Ronald Zubar ya raba su biyun. Rigima ta sake tashi bayan rashin nasara da Marseille da ci 4-2 a hannun abokan hamayyar ''Le Classique'' Paris-Saint Germain. Ya fusata daga kocin Eric Gerets bayan kin barin benci don ya huta. Daga baya Ben Arfa ya ce ya ji rauni sosai wanda hakan ya sa Gerets ba shi da daɗi, amma daga baya ya nemi afuwa ga manema labarai da kuma Gerets da kansa. Bayan dawowarsa cikin tawagar, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa a zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-1. [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_et_la_Coupe_de_la_Ligue.jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Arfa and Stéphane M'Bia|left|thumb|248x248px| Ben Arfa yana bikin Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 tare da Mamadou Niang]] Ben Arfa ya canza rigarsa mai lamba 10 a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Grenoble da ci 2-0 a waje, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 68. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a karawar da Lille ta yi da Lille kuma ya taimaka wa Brandão ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara. Sai dai cece-kuce ya sake tasowa, lokacin da a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2009, aka ci Ben Arfa tarar Yuro 10,000 saboda rashin halartar atisaye. Ben Arfa ya dora alhakin rashin zuwa filin jirgin sama kan jinkirin da aka samu yayin da yake a Tunisia yana ziyartar 'yan uwa a lokacin hutun kasa da kasa. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, ya shiga takaddama mai zafi da kocinsa [[Didier Deschamps]] a lokacin wani horo, wanda daga baya Ben Arfa ya nemi afuwa. A ƙarƙashin Deschamps a farkon rabin kakar wasa, Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni 15 daga cikin 20 na ƙungiyar a gasar lig kuma ya buga mintuna 90 kacal a wasanni biyu, rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Monaco da kuma rashin nasara 2-0 a hannun Auxerre . Wasan Ben Arfa a kakar wasa ta 2010 ya jawo yabo daga Deschamps da daraktan wasanni José Anigo . A ranar 10 ga Janairun 2010, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a kan kungiyar 'yan wasan Trélissac a gasar Coupe de France . Bayan wata guda, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Marseille ta samu a kan Valenciennes da ci 5-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallon farko da Lucho González ya zura. <ref name="Schuber 2010" /> Daga baya a wannan watan, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a waje a wasan farko na gasar UEFA Europa League da kungiyar Copenhagen ta Denmark. A wasan dawowa a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya sake jefa kwallo, inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 43. Marseille ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 3-1, kuma jimillar kwallaye 6-2. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Paris Saint-Germain da ci 3-0. An tabbatar da rawar da Ben Arfa ya taka a watan Fabrairu lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan UNFP na wata . Marseille ta lashe dukkan wasannin gasar guda hudu da kungiyar ta fafata da su, inda Ben Arfa ya fara wasan. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya ci bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 3-0. Nasarar ta sanya ƙungiyar a saman tebur, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa a can har tsawon sauran kakar wasa kuma sun lashe gasar a ranar 5 ga Mayu da nasara 3-1 a kan Rennes. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan. A ranar 22 ga Yuli 2010, rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kulob din Ingila [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na neman sayen Ben Arfa. Bayan an yi masa tambayoyi, manajan Newcastle Chris Hughton ya musanta rahotannin. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, wakilin Ben Arfa ya bayyana cewa Newcastle tana sha'awar dan wasan, tare da kungiyoyin Jamus Hoffenheim da Werder Bremen, kungiyar [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] ta Turkiyya, da kuma kungiyar Italiya AC Milan . A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, ana tattaunawa kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zabin mayar da shi na dindindin tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu; duk da haka, ba a iya cimma kudin aro na yarjejeniyar ba inda Newcastle ta bayar da fam 650,000; £350,000 kasa da abin da Marseille ke so. A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, shugaban Marseille Jean-Claude Dassier ya sanar da cewa Ben Arfa ba zai koma Newcastle ba, har ma ya ce ba a yi tayin da kulob din ya yi masa ba. Kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin da ya bar Lyon, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ga sanarwar ta hanyar shaida wa jaridar wasanni ta Faransa ''L'Équipe'' cewa ba zai koma La Commanderie ba, cibiyar horar da Marseille, kuma ba zai buga wasa da kungiyar ba har tsawon kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dangantakarsa da Deschamps ta yi tsami kuma ba za a iya gyara ta ba. Ben Arfa ya tabbatar da niyyarsa ta hanyar tafiya zuwa [[Newcastle|Newcastle a kan Tyne]], ba tare da izini ba, tare da fatan Newcastle da Marseille za su cimma yarjejeniya. Bayan ya koma Marseille, ya rasa horo da dama tare da ƙungiyar iyayensa, kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga tawagar 'yan wasan ranar wasan don wasanni biyu da suka yi da Valenciennes da Lorient . Daga baya aka bai wa sabon dan wasan da aka sayo André-Pierre Gignac lamba 10 ta Ben Arfa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa an kusa canja wurinsa. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, shawarar komawa Werder Bremen ta gaza cimma nasara bayan da daraktan wasanni na kulob din Klaus Allofs ya bayyana cewa kulob din ba ya sha'awar Ben Arfa, duk da rahotannin da ke cewa Werder Bremen ta bai wa Marseille kudin musayar 'yan wasa na €8.&nbsp;miliyan. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Dassier ya tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya cimma yarjejeniya kan kudin aro da Newcastle don daukar Ben Arfa, inda yarjejeniyar sirri ita ce kawai abin da ke kawo cikas a yarjejeniyar. Marseille ta amince ta biya £2&nbsp;kudin lamuni na miliyan daya. Newcastle za ta sake biyan Marseille £5.&nbsp;miliyan idan Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni 25 a kulob a kakar wasa ta 2010-11, wanda hakan zai sa canja wurin ya zama na dindindin. === Newcastle United === A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2010, Ben Arfa ya amince da yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da Newcastle, kuma washegari, kulob din ya tabbatar da cewa ya dauki Ben Arfa a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2010, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Blackpool ta doke su da ci 2-0 a gida. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Newcastle a cikakken wasansa na farko a ranar 18 ga Satumba a wasan da suka doke Everton da ci 1-0. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa ta hagu yayin da yake buga wasa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a gasar [[Premier League|lig]] . Raunin ya faru ne sakamakon bugun da dan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Nigel de Jong ya yi masa. A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2011, Marseille da Newcastle duk sun tabbatar a shafukan yanar gizon su cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don canja wurin Ben Arfa zuwa Newcastle na dindindin tare da ɗan wasan ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu da rabi. Ba a bayyana kudin canja wurin ba. Ben Arfa ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin gyaran jikinsa a birninsa na Paris yana murmurewa a makarantar Clairefontaine . A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, kocin Newcastle Alan Pardew ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa yana takara kuma zai iya komawa cikin tawagar a watan Afrilu. Duk da haka, bayan kwanaki, Pardew ya bayyana cewa bai shirya yin gaggawar gyaran dan wasan ba kuma wataƙila Ben Arfa ba zai kasance a wurin ba har sai watan Mayu, yana mai cewa "Zan kare shi. Ba zan iya jefa shi a ciki kawai ba". Ben Arfa ya koma atisaye tare da Newcastle a ranar 5 ga Afrilu. Ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen motsa jiki gaba ɗaya tare da ƙungiyar farko, amma ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin horon yana yin motsa jiki mai sauƙi da motsa jiki. Ben Arfa ya kasa sake buga wasa da ƙungiyar a kakar wasa ta 2010-11. Bayan ya ci gaba da murmurewa a lokacin bazara, kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Ben Arfa ya fara shiga wasannin sada zumunci da babbar kungiyar. Ya dawo ƙungiyar a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2011 a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar Conference National Club Darlington . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a rangadin da ƙungiyar ta yi a Amurka na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, ya samu rauni a idon sawunsa a wasan da suka yi da Sporting Kansas City . Ben Arfa ya yi ƙoƙarin komawa ƙasarsa ta haihuwa don ya murmure raunin sannan ya koma Newcastle a ranar 18 ga Satumba. Daga baya, an nada shi cikin ƙungiyar farko da za ta fafata a wasan cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar da [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] a ranar 21 ga Satumba. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka yi da Nottingham Forest, inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya dawo gasar Premier, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Blackburn Rovers da ci 3-1. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 2011, bayan ya yi amfani da mafi yawan lokutan kaka ba tare da ya zura kwallo ba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Bolton da ci 2-0. A ranar 7 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a ragar Newcastle a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Blackburn Rovers. Kwallon da ''BBC Sport'' ta bayyana a matsayin "mai ban mamaki", ta tashi kunnen doki 1-1, kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 22 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallo a wasan da Newcastle ta sha kashi a hannun Fulham da ci 5-2 a filin wasa na Craven Cottage. Watanni biyu bayan haka, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da Newcastle ta buga da Arsenal a gasar Premier. Duk da haka, masu masaukin baki sun yi nasara a wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 25 ga Maris, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa sauran kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke West Brom da ci 3-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar Litinin ta Ista, Ben Arfa ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Bolton Wanderers. Kwallon, wadda mujallar Birtaniya mai suna ''The Independent'' ta bayyana a matsayin "lokacin baiwa" ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani, yayin da aka ba shi kwallon a tsakiyar rabin nasa, ya ci gaba da juyawa ya wuce 'yan wasan Bolton guda 4, yana nuna iko mai ban mamaki wajen yin hakan, sannan ya wuce mai tsaron gidan Bolton Ádám Bogdán, kwallon ita ce ta bude kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-0. Duk da rashin nasarar da aka samu a wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai (Euro 2012), Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a gasar Premier. A ƙarshen makon farko na kakar wasa, ya yi nasara kuma ya buga bugun fenariti wanda ya bai wa Newcastle nasara a kan Tottenham da ci 2-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci kwallo da bugun yadi 25 mai ban mamaki, a ƙafarsa ta dama mai rauni, wanda hakan ya sa Newcastle ta samu maki a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Aston Villa. Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a wasan Europa League da Marítimo, ya dawo a wasan da Fulham ta sha kashi da ci 2-1, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Newcastle ta ci. Duk da haka, ya ƙara ta'azzara raunin a lokacin wasan, kuma bai buga wasa ba sai a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013 (shekararsa ta 26), a wasan zagaye na 16 na gasar Europa League da Anzhi Makhachkala . Ya sake samun rauni a cinyarsa, wanda hakan ya hana shi shiga tawagar har zuwa zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da Benfica a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, lokacin da ya shigo a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu. A ranar 12 ga Mayu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon da ta ba Newcastle damar zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 a Loftus Road daga bugun fenariti, inda Newcastle ta tabbatar da matsayinta na Premier a kakar wasa mai zuwa. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p03g1eetvutiwzgie65h0wppk5mwmkh 887803 887802 2026-07-26T16:32:38Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361661783|Hatem Ben Arfa]]" 887803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. Bayan tafiyar 'yan wasan gefe Florent Malouda da [[Sylvain Wiltord]], sabon kocin kungiyar Alain Perrin ya fi son tsarin 4-3-3 na zamani, sannan ya mayar da Ben Arfa zuwa bangaren hagu na kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ben Arfa ya saba da matsayin da sauri kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Metz da ci 5-1 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, kodayake wasansa ya sha bamban da na Benzema. Ana iya cewa mafi kyawun wasansa a cikin rigar Lyon ya faru ne a cikin kwanaki 12, inda ya buga wasan lig a ranar 28 ga Oktoba da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wasan Zakarun Turai da kungiyar Jamus VfB Stuttgart a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a kowanne wasa, sakamakon duka biyun ya kasance na goyon bayan Lyon. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada shi a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasa (UNFP). Duk da jita-jitar rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Benzema, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon a watan Maris na 2008 har zuwa 2010. Duk da haka, aikinsa a Lyon ya gamu da cikas bayan ya shiga cikin rikicin horo da Sébastien Squillaci . === Marseille === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_vs_Matthieu_Chalmé_(GB).jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Ara in the Coupe de la Ligue|right|thumb|249x249px| Ben Arfa ya fafata da mai tsaron bayan Bordeaux Matthieu Chalmé]] Duk da rahotannin da ke cewa kungiyoyin Ingila kamar [[Everton FC|Everton]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] na son sayen dan wasan, jita-jitar komawa abokiyar hamayyarta Marseille ta fara bayyana. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2008, Lyon ta tabbatar da cewa an soke shirin komawa Marseille a yanzu. Duk da haka, Ben Arfa ya tabbatar wa jaridar ''La Provence'' ta gida a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni cewa ya sanya hannu a kulob din da ke gabar tekun kudu kuma ba zai koma Lyon don atisayen kafin kakar wasa ba washegari. Daga baya ''La Provence'' ta ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya rasa horo a Lyon a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da manufarsa. Ben Arfa ya koma Marseille a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2008 kan Yuro 12.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na gaba da za a haɗa daga baya, bayan an cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Marseille da Lyon a wani taro da Ligue de Football Professionals ta shirya. Sakamakon rashin jituwa kan canja wurin ɗan wasan, a watan Disamba na 2008, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa jaridar [[Lyon]] ta gida ''Le Progrès'' cewa tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ba ta da aji kuma ba ƙungiya ce mai kyau ba. An gabatar da Ben Arfa ga manema labarai kuma ya yi atisayensa na farko tare da kulob din a ranar. An ba shi riga mai lamba 20. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, Ben Arfa ya sake shiga cikin wani rikici a lokacin atisaye, a wannan karon da dan wasan gaba kuma dan wasan Faransa [[Djibril cisse|Djibril Cissé]] . Daga baya Cissé ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a matsayin aro. Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da Rennes. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ''Les Marseille'' a wannan wasan. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 11 na farko da ya buga. Duk da haka, suna da yake da shi na takaddama ya ci gaba da damunsa lokacin da ya shiga wata takaddama, a wannan karon tare da ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|ƙasa da ƙasa na Kamaru]] [[Modeste M'bami]] a lokacin wani zaman ɗumama jiki kafin wasan da ƙungiyar za ta yi da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Dole ne Ronald Zubar ya raba su biyun. Rigima ta sake tashi bayan rashin nasara da Marseille da ci 4-2 a hannun abokan hamayyar ''Le Classique'' Paris-Saint Germain. Ya fusata daga kocin Eric Gerets bayan kin barin benci don ya huta. Daga baya Ben Arfa ya ce ya ji rauni sosai wanda hakan ya sa Gerets ba shi da daɗi, amma daga baya ya nemi afuwa ga manema labarai da kuma Gerets da kansa. Bayan dawowarsa cikin tawagar, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa a zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-1. [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_et_la_Coupe_de_la_Ligue.jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Arfa and Stéphane M'Bia|left|thumb|248x248px| Ben Arfa yana bikin Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 tare da Mamadou Niang]] Ben Arfa ya canza rigarsa mai lamba 10 a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Grenoble da ci 2-0 a waje, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 68. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a karawar da Lille ta yi da Lille kuma ya taimaka wa Brandão ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara. Sai dai cece-kuce ya sake tasowa, lokacin da a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2009, aka ci Ben Arfa tarar Yuro 10,000 saboda rashin halartar atisaye. Ben Arfa ya dora alhakin rashin zuwa filin jirgin sama kan jinkirin da aka samu yayin da yake a Tunisia yana ziyartar 'yan uwa a lokacin hutun kasa da kasa. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, ya shiga takaddama mai zafi da kocinsa [[Didier Deschamps]] a lokacin wani horo, wanda daga baya Ben Arfa ya nemi afuwa. A ƙarƙashin Deschamps a farkon rabin kakar wasa, Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni 15 daga cikin 20 na ƙungiyar a gasar lig kuma ya buga mintuna 90 kacal a wasanni biyu, rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Monaco da kuma rashin nasara 2-0 a hannun Auxerre . Wasan Ben Arfa a kakar wasa ta 2010 ya jawo yabo daga Deschamps da daraktan wasanni José Anigo . A ranar 10 ga Janairun 2010, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a kan kungiyar 'yan wasan Trélissac a gasar Coupe de France . Bayan wata guda, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Marseille ta samu a kan Valenciennes da ci 5-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallon farko da Lucho González ya zura. <ref name="Schuber 2010" /> Daga baya a wannan watan, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a waje a wasan farko na gasar UEFA Europa League da kungiyar Copenhagen ta Denmark. A wasan dawowa a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya sake jefa kwallo, inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 43. Marseille ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 3-1, kuma jimillar kwallaye 6-2. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Paris Saint-Germain da ci 3-0. An tabbatar da rawar da Ben Arfa ya taka a watan Fabrairu lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan UNFP na wata . Marseille ta lashe dukkan wasannin gasar guda hudu da kungiyar ta fafata da su, inda Ben Arfa ya fara wasan. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya ci bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 3-0. Nasarar ta sanya ƙungiyar a saman tebur, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa a can har tsawon sauran kakar wasa kuma sun lashe gasar a ranar 5 ga Mayu da nasara 3-1 a kan Rennes. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan. A ranar 22 ga Yuli 2010, rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kulob din Ingila [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na neman sayen Ben Arfa. Bayan an yi masa tambayoyi, manajan Newcastle Chris Hughton ya musanta rahotannin. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, wakilin Ben Arfa ya bayyana cewa Newcastle tana sha'awar dan wasan, tare da kungiyoyin Jamus Hoffenheim da Werder Bremen, kungiyar [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] ta Turkiyya, da kuma kungiyar Italiya AC Milan . A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, ana tattaunawa kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zabin mayar da shi na dindindin tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu; duk da haka, ba a iya cimma kudin aro na yarjejeniyar ba inda Newcastle ta bayar da fam 650,000; £350,000 kasa da abin da Marseille ke so. A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, shugaban Marseille Jean-Claude Dassier ya sanar da cewa Ben Arfa ba zai koma Newcastle ba, har ma ya ce ba a yi tayin da kulob din ya yi masa ba. Kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin da ya bar Lyon, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ga sanarwar ta hanyar shaida wa jaridar wasanni ta Faransa ''L'Équipe'' cewa ba zai koma La Commanderie ba, cibiyar horar da Marseille, kuma ba zai buga wasa da kungiyar ba har tsawon kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dangantakarsa da Deschamps ta yi tsami kuma ba za a iya gyara ta ba. Ben Arfa ya tabbatar da niyyarsa ta hanyar tafiya zuwa [[Newcastle|Newcastle a kan Tyne]], ba tare da izini ba, tare da fatan Newcastle da Marseille za su cimma yarjejeniya. Bayan ya koma Marseille, ya rasa horo da dama tare da ƙungiyar iyayensa, kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga tawagar 'yan wasan ranar wasan don wasanni biyu da suka yi da Valenciennes da Lorient . Daga baya aka bai wa sabon dan wasan da aka sayo André-Pierre Gignac lamba 10 ta Ben Arfa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa an kusa canja wurinsa. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, shawarar komawa Werder Bremen ta gaza cimma nasara bayan da daraktan wasanni na kulob din Klaus Allofs ya bayyana cewa kulob din ba ya sha'awar Ben Arfa, duk da rahotannin da ke cewa Werder Bremen ta bai wa Marseille kudin musayar 'yan wasa na €8.&nbsp;miliyan. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Dassier ya tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya cimma yarjejeniya kan kudin aro da Newcastle don daukar Ben Arfa, inda yarjejeniyar sirri ita ce kawai abin da ke kawo cikas a yarjejeniyar. Marseille ta amince ta biya £2&nbsp;kudin lamuni na miliyan daya. Newcastle za ta sake biyan Marseille £5.&nbsp;miliyan idan Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni 25 a kulob a kakar wasa ta 2010-11, wanda hakan zai sa canja wurin ya zama na dindindin. === Newcastle United === A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2010, Ben Arfa ya amince da yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da Newcastle, kuma washegari, kulob din ya tabbatar da cewa ya dauki Ben Arfa a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2010, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Blackpool ta doke su da ci 2-0 a gida. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Newcastle a cikakken wasansa na farko a ranar 18 ga Satumba a wasan da suka doke Everton da ci 1-0. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa ta hagu yayin da yake buga wasa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a gasar [[Premier League|lig]] . Raunin ya faru ne sakamakon bugun da dan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Nigel de Jong ya yi masa. A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2011, Marseille da Newcastle duk sun tabbatar a shafukan yanar gizon su cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don canja wurin Ben Arfa zuwa Newcastle na dindindin tare da ɗan wasan ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu da rabi. Ba a bayyana kudin canja wurin ba. Ben Arfa ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin gyaran jikinsa a birninsa na Paris yana murmurewa a makarantar Clairefontaine . A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, kocin Newcastle Alan Pardew ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa yana takara kuma zai iya komawa cikin tawagar a watan Afrilu. Duk da haka, bayan kwanaki, Pardew ya bayyana cewa bai shirya yin gaggawar gyaran dan wasan ba kuma wataƙila Ben Arfa ba zai kasance a wurin ba har sai watan Mayu, yana mai cewa "Zan kare shi. Ba zan iya jefa shi a ciki kawai ba". Ben Arfa ya koma atisaye tare da Newcastle a ranar 5 ga Afrilu. Ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen motsa jiki gaba ɗaya tare da ƙungiyar farko, amma ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin horon yana yin motsa jiki mai sauƙi da motsa jiki. Ben Arfa ya kasa sake buga wasa da ƙungiyar a kakar wasa ta 2010-11. Bayan ya ci gaba da murmurewa a lokacin bazara, kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Ben Arfa ya fara shiga wasannin sada zumunci da babbar kungiyar. Ya dawo ƙungiyar a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2011 a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar Conference National Club Darlington . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a rangadin da ƙungiyar ta yi a Amurka na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, ya samu rauni a idon sawunsa a wasan da suka yi da Sporting Kansas City . Ben Arfa ya yi ƙoƙarin komawa ƙasarsa ta haihuwa don ya murmure raunin sannan ya koma Newcastle a ranar 18 ga Satumba. Daga baya, an nada shi cikin ƙungiyar farko da za ta fafata a wasan cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar da [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] a ranar 21 ga Satumba. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka yi da Nottingham Forest, inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya dawo gasar Premier, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Blackburn Rovers da ci 3-1. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 2011, bayan ya yi amfani da mafi yawan lokutan kaka ba tare da ya zura kwallo ba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Bolton da ci 2-0. A ranar 7 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a ragar Newcastle a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Blackburn Rovers. Kwallon da ''BBC Sport'' ta bayyana a matsayin "mai ban mamaki", ta tashi kunnen doki 1-1, kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 22 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallo a wasan da Newcastle ta sha kashi a hannun Fulham da ci 5-2 a filin wasa na Craven Cottage. Watanni biyu bayan haka, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da Newcastle ta buga da Arsenal a gasar Premier. Duk da haka, masu masaukin baki sun yi nasara a wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 25 ga Maris, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa sauran kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke West Brom da ci 3-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar Litinin ta Ista, Ben Arfa ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Bolton Wanderers. Kwallon, wadda mujallar Birtaniya mai suna ''The Independent'' ta bayyana a matsayin "lokacin baiwa" ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani, yayin da aka ba shi kwallon a tsakiyar rabin nasa, ya ci gaba da juyawa ya wuce 'yan wasan Bolton guda 4, yana nuna iko mai ban mamaki wajen yin hakan, sannan ya wuce mai tsaron gidan Bolton Ádám Bogdán, kwallon ita ce ta bude kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-0. Duk da rashin nasarar da aka samu a wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai (Euro 2012), Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a gasar Premier. A ƙarshen makon farko na kakar wasa, ya yi nasara kuma ya buga bugun fenariti wanda ya bai wa Newcastle nasara a kan Tottenham da ci 2-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci kwallo da bugun yadi 25 mai ban mamaki, a ƙafarsa ta dama mai rauni, wanda hakan ya sa Newcastle ta samu maki a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Aston Villa. Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a wasan Europa League da Marítimo, ya dawo a wasan da Fulham ta sha kashi da ci 2-1, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Newcastle ta ci. Duk da haka, ya ƙara ta'azzara raunin a lokacin wasan, kuma bai buga wasa ba sai a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013 (shekararsa ta 26), a wasan zagaye na 16 na gasar Europa League da Anzhi Makhachkala . Ya sake samun rauni a cinyarsa, wanda hakan ya hana shi shiga tawagar har zuwa zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da Benfica a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, lokacin da ya shigo a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu. A ranar 12 ga Mayu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon da ta ba Newcastle damar zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 a Loftus Road daga bugun fenariti, inda Newcastle ta tabbatar da matsayinta na Premier a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta 2013-14 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, inda ya tabbatar da nasarar farko da Newcastle ta samu a kakar wasa ta bana ta hanyar zura kwallo daya tilo a ragar Fulham, da kuma zura kwallo da kuma taimakawa a wasan da suka yi da Aston Villa. Kwallon da Ben Arfa ya ci ta uku a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne lokacin da ɗan wasan Faransa ya zura kwallo a bugun fenariti a wasan da suka buga da Crystal Palace a ƙarshen mako, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Newcastle ta yi nasara da ci 3-0. ==== Aron da aka bai wa Hull City ==== A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2014, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa Hull City na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Anthony |date=2 September 2014 |title=Ben Arfa Joins Hull On Loan |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902140639/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin abokin wasansa na farko Abel Hernández a minti 11 na ƙarshe na wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . Amma a watan Disamba na 2014, Ben Arfa ya bar Ingila ba zato ba tsammani, inda kocin Hull Steve Bruce daga baya ya yarda cewa bai san inda dan wasan yake ba kuma aikinsa da Hull ya bayyana ya ƙare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudd |first=Alyson |date=15 December 2014 |title=I have no idea where Hatem Ben Arfa is, says Steve Bruce |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/i-have-no-idea-where-hatem-ben-arfa-is-says-steve-bruce-vqc8tjv5xx3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215190523/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/premierleague/article4297164.ece |archive-date=15 December 2014 |access-date=15 December 2014 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya bar kwantiraginsa da Newcastle United. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2015 |title=Ben Arfa Contract Terminated |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105065802/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |archive-date=5 January 2015 |access-date=4 January 2015 |website=Newcastle United}}</ref> === Mai kyau === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_Nice.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa a lokacin da yake tare da Nice, 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da kungiyar Nice ta Ligue 1, inda ya ce "Ko da Real Madrid ta kira ni a wannan lokacin, na yanke shawara." Ya ce ya koma Faransa ne saboda "Akwai mutanen da ke nan da suka amince da ni, waɗanda ba sa yi mini hukunci kamar yadda wasu mutane ke son yi mini hukunci ta hanyar manema labarai." <ref name="BBC Sport 2015" /> Ben Arfa ba zai cancanci buga wa ƙungiyar wasa ba, saboda dokar da ta ce ɗan wasa zai iya buga wa ƙungiyoyi biyu wasa kawai a kakar wasa ɗaya, bayan ya riga ya buga wa Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa taron manema labarai cewa an dakatar da kwangilarsa da Nice, amma a ranar 9 ga Yuni, Nice za ta sake daukar Ben Arfa a farkon kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2015-16 . Ben Arfa ya fara buga wa Nice wasa da Monaco a wasan farko na Ligue 1 na kakar wasa ta Nice a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015 a Allianz Riviera . Bayan kwana bakwai, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a sabuwar kungiyarsa a wasan da suka yi da Troyes daga bugun fenariti a wasan Ligue 1 na biyu da Nice ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kare da ci 3-3. A wasan da Nice za ta buga na gaba a gasar Ligue 1 a ranar 22 ga Agusta, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Caen da ci 2-1. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o99jq156o7af9fbtam8vle9idr51v35 887804 887803 2026-07-26T16:33:52Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361661783|Hatem Ben Arfa]]" 887804 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. Bayan tafiyar 'yan wasan gefe Florent Malouda da [[Sylvain Wiltord]], sabon kocin kungiyar Alain Perrin ya fi son tsarin 4-3-3 na zamani, sannan ya mayar da Ben Arfa zuwa bangaren hagu na kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ben Arfa ya saba da matsayin da sauri kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Metz da ci 5-1 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, kodayake wasansa ya sha bamban da na Benzema. Ana iya cewa mafi kyawun wasansa a cikin rigar Lyon ya faru ne a cikin kwanaki 12, inda ya buga wasan lig a ranar 28 ga Oktoba da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wasan Zakarun Turai da kungiyar Jamus VfB Stuttgart a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a kowanne wasa, sakamakon duka biyun ya kasance na goyon bayan Lyon. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada shi a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasa (UNFP). Duk da jita-jitar rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Benzema, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon a watan Maris na 2008 har zuwa 2010. Duk da haka, aikinsa a Lyon ya gamu da cikas bayan ya shiga cikin rikicin horo da Sébastien Squillaci . === Marseille === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_vs_Matthieu_Chalmé_(GB).jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Ara in the Coupe de la Ligue|right|thumb|249x249px| Ben Arfa ya fafata da mai tsaron bayan Bordeaux Matthieu Chalmé]] Duk da rahotannin da ke cewa kungiyoyin Ingila kamar [[Everton FC|Everton]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] na son sayen dan wasan, jita-jitar komawa abokiyar hamayyarta Marseille ta fara bayyana. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2008, Lyon ta tabbatar da cewa an soke shirin komawa Marseille a yanzu. Duk da haka, Ben Arfa ya tabbatar wa jaridar ''La Provence'' ta gida a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni cewa ya sanya hannu a kulob din da ke gabar tekun kudu kuma ba zai koma Lyon don atisayen kafin kakar wasa ba washegari. Daga baya ''La Provence'' ta ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya rasa horo a Lyon a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da manufarsa. Ben Arfa ya koma Marseille a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2008 kan Yuro 12.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na gaba da za a haɗa daga baya, bayan an cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Marseille da Lyon a wani taro da Ligue de Football Professionals ta shirya. Sakamakon rashin jituwa kan canja wurin ɗan wasan, a watan Disamba na 2008, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa jaridar [[Lyon]] ta gida ''Le Progrès'' cewa tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ba ta da aji kuma ba ƙungiya ce mai kyau ba. An gabatar da Ben Arfa ga manema labarai kuma ya yi atisayensa na farko tare da kulob din a ranar. An ba shi riga mai lamba 20. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, Ben Arfa ya sake shiga cikin wani rikici a lokacin atisaye, a wannan karon da dan wasan gaba kuma dan wasan Faransa [[Djibril cisse|Djibril Cissé]] . Daga baya Cissé ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a matsayin aro. Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da Rennes. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ''Les Marseille'' a wannan wasan. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 11 na farko da ya buga. Duk da haka, suna da yake da shi na takaddama ya ci gaba da damunsa lokacin da ya shiga wata takaddama, a wannan karon tare da ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|ƙasa da ƙasa na Kamaru]] [[Modeste M'bami]] a lokacin wani zaman ɗumama jiki kafin wasan da ƙungiyar za ta yi da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Dole ne Ronald Zubar ya raba su biyun. Rigima ta sake tashi bayan rashin nasara da Marseille da ci 4-2 a hannun abokan hamayyar ''Le Classique'' Paris-Saint Germain. Ya fusata daga kocin Eric Gerets bayan kin barin benci don ya huta. Daga baya Ben Arfa ya ce ya ji rauni sosai wanda hakan ya sa Gerets ba shi da daɗi, amma daga baya ya nemi afuwa ga manema labarai da kuma Gerets da kansa. Bayan dawowarsa cikin tawagar, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa a zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-1. [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_et_la_Coupe_de_la_Ligue.jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Arfa and Stéphane M'Bia|left|thumb|248x248px| Ben Arfa yana bikin Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 tare da Mamadou Niang]] Ben Arfa ya canza rigarsa mai lamba 10 a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Grenoble da ci 2-0 a waje, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 68. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a karawar da Lille ta yi da Lille kuma ya taimaka wa Brandão ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara. Sai dai cece-kuce ya sake tasowa, lokacin da a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2009, aka ci Ben Arfa tarar Yuro 10,000 saboda rashin halartar atisaye. Ben Arfa ya dora alhakin rashin zuwa filin jirgin sama kan jinkirin da aka samu yayin da yake a Tunisia yana ziyartar 'yan uwa a lokacin hutun kasa da kasa. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, ya shiga takaddama mai zafi da kocinsa [[Didier Deschamps]] a lokacin wani horo, wanda daga baya Ben Arfa ya nemi afuwa. A ƙarƙashin Deschamps a farkon rabin kakar wasa, Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni 15 daga cikin 20 na ƙungiyar a gasar lig kuma ya buga mintuna 90 kacal a wasanni biyu, rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Monaco da kuma rashin nasara 2-0 a hannun Auxerre . Wasan Ben Arfa a kakar wasa ta 2010 ya jawo yabo daga Deschamps da daraktan wasanni José Anigo . A ranar 10 ga Janairun 2010, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a kan kungiyar 'yan wasan Trélissac a gasar Coupe de France . Bayan wata guda, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Marseille ta samu a kan Valenciennes da ci 5-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallon farko da Lucho González ya zura. <ref name="Schuber 2010" /> Daga baya a wannan watan, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a waje a wasan farko na gasar UEFA Europa League da kungiyar Copenhagen ta Denmark. A wasan dawowa a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya sake jefa kwallo, inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 43. Marseille ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 3-1, kuma jimillar kwallaye 6-2. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Paris Saint-Germain da ci 3-0. An tabbatar da rawar da Ben Arfa ya taka a watan Fabrairu lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan UNFP na wata . Marseille ta lashe dukkan wasannin gasar guda hudu da kungiyar ta fafata da su, inda Ben Arfa ya fara wasan. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya ci bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 3-0. Nasarar ta sanya ƙungiyar a saman tebur, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa a can har tsawon sauran kakar wasa kuma sun lashe gasar a ranar 5 ga Mayu da nasara 3-1 a kan Rennes. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan. A ranar 22 ga Yuli 2010, rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kulob din Ingila [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na neman sayen Ben Arfa. Bayan an yi masa tambayoyi, manajan Newcastle Chris Hughton ya musanta rahotannin. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, wakilin Ben Arfa ya bayyana cewa Newcastle tana sha'awar dan wasan, tare da kungiyoyin Jamus Hoffenheim da Werder Bremen, kungiyar [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] ta Turkiyya, da kuma kungiyar Italiya AC Milan . A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, ana tattaunawa kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zabin mayar da shi na dindindin tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu; duk da haka, ba a iya cimma kudin aro na yarjejeniyar ba inda Newcastle ta bayar da fam 650,000; £350,000 kasa da abin da Marseille ke so. A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, shugaban Marseille Jean-Claude Dassier ya sanar da cewa Ben Arfa ba zai koma Newcastle ba, har ma ya ce ba a yi tayin da kulob din ya yi masa ba. Kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin da ya bar Lyon, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ga sanarwar ta hanyar shaida wa jaridar wasanni ta Faransa ''L'Équipe'' cewa ba zai koma La Commanderie ba, cibiyar horar da Marseille, kuma ba zai buga wasa da kungiyar ba har tsawon kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dangantakarsa da Deschamps ta yi tsami kuma ba za a iya gyara ta ba. Ben Arfa ya tabbatar da niyyarsa ta hanyar tafiya zuwa [[Newcastle|Newcastle a kan Tyne]], ba tare da izini ba, tare da fatan Newcastle da Marseille za su cimma yarjejeniya. Bayan ya koma Marseille, ya rasa horo da dama tare da ƙungiyar iyayensa, kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga tawagar 'yan wasan ranar wasan don wasanni biyu da suka yi da Valenciennes da Lorient . Daga baya aka bai wa sabon dan wasan da aka sayo André-Pierre Gignac lamba 10 ta Ben Arfa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa an kusa canja wurinsa. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, shawarar komawa Werder Bremen ta gaza cimma nasara bayan da daraktan wasanni na kulob din Klaus Allofs ya bayyana cewa kulob din ba ya sha'awar Ben Arfa, duk da rahotannin da ke cewa Werder Bremen ta bai wa Marseille kudin musayar 'yan wasa na €8.&nbsp;miliyan. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Dassier ya tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya cimma yarjejeniya kan kudin aro da Newcastle don daukar Ben Arfa, inda yarjejeniyar sirri ita ce kawai abin da ke kawo cikas a yarjejeniyar. Marseille ta amince ta biya £2&nbsp;kudin lamuni na miliyan daya. Newcastle za ta sake biyan Marseille £5.&nbsp;miliyan idan Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni 25 a kulob a kakar wasa ta 2010-11, wanda hakan zai sa canja wurin ya zama na dindindin. === Newcastle United === A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2010, Ben Arfa ya amince da yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da Newcastle, kuma washegari, kulob din ya tabbatar da cewa ya dauki Ben Arfa a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2010, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Blackpool ta doke su da ci 2-0 a gida. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Newcastle a cikakken wasansa na farko a ranar 18 ga Satumba a wasan da suka doke Everton da ci 1-0. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa ta hagu yayin da yake buga wasa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a gasar [[Premier League|lig]] . Raunin ya faru ne sakamakon bugun da dan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Nigel de Jong ya yi masa. A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2011, Marseille da Newcastle duk sun tabbatar a shafukan yanar gizon su cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don canja wurin Ben Arfa zuwa Newcastle na dindindin tare da ɗan wasan ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu da rabi. Ba a bayyana kudin canja wurin ba. Ben Arfa ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin gyaran jikinsa a birninsa na Paris yana murmurewa a makarantar Clairefontaine . A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, kocin Newcastle Alan Pardew ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa yana takara kuma zai iya komawa cikin tawagar a watan Afrilu. Duk da haka, bayan kwanaki, Pardew ya bayyana cewa bai shirya yin gaggawar gyaran dan wasan ba kuma wataƙila Ben Arfa ba zai kasance a wurin ba har sai watan Mayu, yana mai cewa "Zan kare shi. Ba zan iya jefa shi a ciki kawai ba". Ben Arfa ya koma atisaye tare da Newcastle a ranar 5 ga Afrilu. Ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen motsa jiki gaba ɗaya tare da ƙungiyar farko, amma ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin horon yana yin motsa jiki mai sauƙi da motsa jiki. Ben Arfa ya kasa sake buga wasa da ƙungiyar a kakar wasa ta 2010-11. Bayan ya ci gaba da murmurewa a lokacin bazara, kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Ben Arfa ya fara shiga wasannin sada zumunci da babbar kungiyar. Ya dawo ƙungiyar a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2011 a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar Conference National Club Darlington . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a rangadin da ƙungiyar ta yi a Amurka na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, ya samu rauni a idon sawunsa a wasan da suka yi da Sporting Kansas City . Ben Arfa ya yi ƙoƙarin komawa ƙasarsa ta haihuwa don ya murmure raunin sannan ya koma Newcastle a ranar 18 ga Satumba. Daga baya, an nada shi cikin ƙungiyar farko da za ta fafata a wasan cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar da [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] a ranar 21 ga Satumba. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka yi da Nottingham Forest, inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya dawo gasar Premier, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Blackburn Rovers da ci 3-1. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 2011, bayan ya yi amfani da mafi yawan lokutan kaka ba tare da ya zura kwallo ba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Bolton da ci 2-0. A ranar 7 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a ragar Newcastle a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Blackburn Rovers. Kwallon da ''BBC Sport'' ta bayyana a matsayin "mai ban mamaki", ta tashi kunnen doki 1-1, kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 22 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallo a wasan da Newcastle ta sha kashi a hannun Fulham da ci 5-2 a filin wasa na Craven Cottage. Watanni biyu bayan haka, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da Newcastle ta buga da Arsenal a gasar Premier. Duk da haka, masu masaukin baki sun yi nasara a wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 25 ga Maris, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa sauran kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke West Brom da ci 3-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar Litinin ta Ista, Ben Arfa ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Bolton Wanderers. Kwallon, wadda mujallar Birtaniya mai suna ''The Independent'' ta bayyana a matsayin "lokacin baiwa" ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani, yayin da aka ba shi kwallon a tsakiyar rabin nasa, ya ci gaba da juyawa ya wuce 'yan wasan Bolton guda 4, yana nuna iko mai ban mamaki wajen yin hakan, sannan ya wuce mai tsaron gidan Bolton Ádám Bogdán, kwallon ita ce ta bude kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-0. Duk da rashin nasarar da aka samu a wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai (Euro 2012), Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a gasar Premier. A ƙarshen makon farko na kakar wasa, ya yi nasara kuma ya buga bugun fenariti wanda ya bai wa Newcastle nasara a kan Tottenham da ci 2-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci kwallo da bugun yadi 25 mai ban mamaki, a ƙafarsa ta dama mai rauni, wanda hakan ya sa Newcastle ta samu maki a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Aston Villa. Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a wasan Europa League da Marítimo, ya dawo a wasan da Fulham ta sha kashi da ci 2-1, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Newcastle ta ci. Duk da haka, ya ƙara ta'azzara raunin a lokacin wasan, kuma bai buga wasa ba sai a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013 (shekararsa ta 26), a wasan zagaye na 16 na gasar Europa League da Anzhi Makhachkala . Ya sake samun rauni a cinyarsa, wanda hakan ya hana shi shiga tawagar har zuwa zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da Benfica a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, lokacin da ya shigo a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu. A ranar 12 ga Mayu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon da ta ba Newcastle damar zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 a Loftus Road daga bugun fenariti, inda Newcastle ta tabbatar da matsayinta na Premier a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta 2013-14 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, inda ya tabbatar da nasarar farko da Newcastle ta samu a kakar wasa ta bana ta hanyar zura kwallo daya tilo a ragar Fulham, da kuma zura kwallo da kuma taimakawa a wasan da suka yi da Aston Villa. Kwallon da Ben Arfa ya ci ta uku a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne lokacin da ɗan wasan Faransa ya zura kwallo a bugun fenariti a wasan da suka buga da Crystal Palace a ƙarshen mako, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Newcastle ta yi nasara da ci 3-0. ==== Aron da aka bai wa Hull City ==== A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2014, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa Hull City na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Anthony |date=2 September 2014 |title=Ben Arfa Joins Hull On Loan |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902140639/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin abokin wasansa na farko Abel Hernández a minti 11 na ƙarshe na wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . Amma a watan Disamba na 2014, Ben Arfa ya bar Ingila ba zato ba tsammani, inda kocin Hull Steve Bruce daga baya ya yarda cewa bai san inda dan wasan yake ba kuma aikinsa da Hull ya bayyana ya ƙare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudd |first=Alyson |date=15 December 2014 |title=I have no idea where Hatem Ben Arfa is, says Steve Bruce |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/i-have-no-idea-where-hatem-ben-arfa-is-says-steve-bruce-vqc8tjv5xx3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215190523/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/premierleague/article4297164.ece |archive-date=15 December 2014 |access-date=15 December 2014 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya bar kwantiraginsa da Newcastle United. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2015 |title=Ben Arfa Contract Terminated |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105065802/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |archive-date=5 January 2015 |access-date=4 January 2015 |website=Newcastle United}}</ref> === Mai kyau === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_Nice.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa a lokacin da yake tare da Nice, 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da kungiyar Nice ta Ligue 1, inda ya ce "Ko da Real Madrid ta kira ni a wannan lokacin, na yanke shawara." Ya ce ya koma Faransa ne saboda "Akwai mutanen da ke nan da suka amince da ni, waɗanda ba sa yi mini hukunci kamar yadda wasu mutane ke son yi mini hukunci ta hanyar manema labarai." <ref name="BBC Sport 2015" /> Ben Arfa ba zai cancanci buga wa ƙungiyar wasa ba, saboda dokar da ta ce ɗan wasa zai iya buga wa ƙungiyoyi biyu wasa kawai a kakar wasa ɗaya, bayan ya riga ya buga wa Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa taron manema labarai cewa an dakatar da kwangilarsa da Nice, amma a ranar 9 ga Yuni, Nice za ta sake daukar Ben Arfa a farkon kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2015-16 . Ben Arfa ya fara buga wa Nice wasa da Monaco a wasan farko na Ligue 1 na kakar wasa ta Nice a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015 a Allianz Riviera . Bayan kwana bakwai, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a sabuwar kungiyarsa a wasan da suka yi da Troyes daga bugun fenariti a wasan Ligue 1 na biyu da Nice ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kare da ci 3-3. A wasan da Nice za ta buga na gaba a gasar Ligue 1 a ranar 22 ga Agusta, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Caen da ci 2-1. === Paris Saint-Germain === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016, a tsakiyar rahotannin da ke cewa akwai sha'awar da ake yi wa dan wasan daga ko'ina cikin Turai bayan kakar wasa da ya zura kwallaye 18 a wasanni 37 da ya buga wa Nice, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Paris Saint-Germain, bayan kwantiraginsa ya kare a Nice. A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2016, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a wasansa na farko a PSG, inda ya zura kwallo a minti na 34 a wasan da suka doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Lyon da ci 4-1 a gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2016. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2017, Ben Arfa ya zira kwallo yayin da ya taimaka wa wasu kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 4-0 a zagaye na 32 na gasar Coupe de France ta 2016-17 . A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya samu damar fara wasa mai wahala (kafin ya zama na tara a kakar wasa ta bana) kuma ya zura kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wa [[Javier Pastore]] a wasan da suka doke Avranches da ci 4-0 a waje a wasan kusa da na karshe na Coupe de France; wannan shi ne wasan karshe na gasar da Ben Arfa ya buga wa PSG a kakar wasa ta 2016-17 . Bayan ya kasa buga wasa ɗaya tilo a gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, ya bar ƙungiyar bayan da kwangilarsa ta kare a watan Yunin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2018 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa – how ex-Newcastle United's star dream move to PSG turned into a nightmare |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910135818/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |archive-date=10 September 2020 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=ChronicleLive |language=en}}</ref> === Rennes === A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2018, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Rennes. A ranar 20 ga Satumba, Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a gasar Europa League a wasan da suka doke Jablonec da ci 2-1 a gida, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu; ya buga wasansa na farko tun daga ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2017, inda ya zura kwallon karshe daga bugun fenariti a minti na 91. A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallon ƙarshe a minti na 77 (wasansa na farko a Ligue 1 a rayuwarsa ga Rennes) bayan da ƙwallon da ya ci a minti na 14 ta taimaka wa ƙwallon da Damien Da Silva ya ci a wasan da suka doke Monaco da ci 2-1 a waje. A ranar 8 ga Disamba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a minti na 89 bayan ya kafa kwallon da Benjamin Bourigeaud ya ci a wasan da suka doke Dijon da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 1 a gida. A ranar 27 ga Afrilun 2019, Ben Arfa ya lashe gasar Coupe de France yayin da Rennes ta doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Paris Saint-Germain a wasan karshe da bugun fanareti. === Real Valladolid === A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2020, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu da kulob din [[La Liga]] na Real Valladolid kan kwantiragin watanni shida. Ya zaɓi rigar lamba 3, wacce ba kasafai ake ganinta a matsayin rigar da aka saba gani ba ga wani mahari, kuma ya bayyana zaɓinsa ta hanyar cewa "a jikin rigar, tana da kyau". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Godefroy |first=Greg |date=31 January 2022 |title=Ben Arfa justifie son choix de porter le numéro 3 à Valladolid et c'est magique |trans-title=Ben Arfa justifies his choice to wear the number 3 at Valladolid and it's magical |url=https://www.mouv.fr/sport/football/mercato-ben-arfa-justifie-son-choix-de-porter-le-numero-3-valladolid-et-c-est-magique-357505 |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Mouv']] |language=fr}}</ref> Duk da haka, wasanninsa sun kasa shawo kan sa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2020 |title=Valladolid: another complicated evening for Hatem Ben Arfa … |url=https://kenyannews.co.ke/sports/football/valladolid-another-complicated-evening-for-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=KenyanNews}}</ref> kuma bayan wasanni biyar kacal, ya bar ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=999 Hatem Ben Arfa |url=https://www.oncloudseven.com/999-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=On Cloud Seven}}</ref> === Bordeaux === A ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2020, Ben Arfa ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ligue 1 ta Bordeaux kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba a wasan da suka yi da tsohuwar kungiyarsa ta Rennes. Ben Arfa ya ji daɗin "farko mai kyau a kakar wasa ta bana", inda ya zira kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye biyar a shekarar 2020 tare da Bordeaux. Duk da haka, ya sha wahala a rabin kakar wasa na biyu, wanda ya fuskanci raunuka da matsaloli a ɗakin canza kaya tare da wasu abokan wasansa, musamman tare da kyaftin [[Laurent Koscielny]] . <ref name="Jacquot 2021">{{Cite web |last=Jacquot |first=Guillaume |date=4 April 2021 |title=Entre Ben Arfa et Bordeaux, rien ne va plus ! |trans-title=Between Ben Arfa and Bordeaux, nothing is going well! |url=https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225805/https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Sports.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Haka kuma dangantaka ta yi tsami tsakaninsa da manaja Jean-Louis Gasset . <ref name="Jacquot 2021" /> A ranar 26 ga Mayu 2021, daraktan wasanni Alain Roche ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa zai bar kungiyar bayan karshen kwantiraginsa. Ya bayyana cewa zabin karin shekara guda da ke cikin yarjejeniyar Ben Arfa "an yi shi ne bisa ka'idojin wasanni" wadanda ba a cika ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2021 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa is leaving Bordeaux |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819155701/https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tt1gd7poqt239h9xsmmhat5v6d9ift2 887805 887804 2026-07-26T16:35:10Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361661783|Hatem Ben Arfa]]" 887805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. Bayan tafiyar 'yan wasan gefe Florent Malouda da [[Sylvain Wiltord]], sabon kocin kungiyar Alain Perrin ya fi son tsarin 4-3-3 na zamani, sannan ya mayar da Ben Arfa zuwa bangaren hagu na kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ben Arfa ya saba da matsayin da sauri kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Metz da ci 5-1 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, kodayake wasansa ya sha bamban da na Benzema. Ana iya cewa mafi kyawun wasansa a cikin rigar Lyon ya faru ne a cikin kwanaki 12, inda ya buga wasan lig a ranar 28 ga Oktoba da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wasan Zakarun Turai da kungiyar Jamus VfB Stuttgart a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a kowanne wasa, sakamakon duka biyun ya kasance na goyon bayan Lyon. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada shi a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasa (UNFP). Duk da jita-jitar rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Benzema, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon a watan Maris na 2008 har zuwa 2010. Duk da haka, aikinsa a Lyon ya gamu da cikas bayan ya shiga cikin rikicin horo da Sébastien Squillaci . === Marseille === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_vs_Matthieu_Chalmé_(GB).jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Ara in the Coupe de la Ligue|right|thumb|249x249px| Ben Arfa ya fafata da mai tsaron bayan Bordeaux Matthieu Chalmé]] Duk da rahotannin da ke cewa kungiyoyin Ingila kamar [[Everton FC|Everton]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] na son sayen dan wasan, jita-jitar komawa abokiyar hamayyarta Marseille ta fara bayyana. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2008, Lyon ta tabbatar da cewa an soke shirin komawa Marseille a yanzu. Duk da haka, Ben Arfa ya tabbatar wa jaridar ''La Provence'' ta gida a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni cewa ya sanya hannu a kulob din da ke gabar tekun kudu kuma ba zai koma Lyon don atisayen kafin kakar wasa ba washegari. Daga baya ''La Provence'' ta ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya rasa horo a Lyon a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da manufarsa. Ben Arfa ya koma Marseille a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2008 kan Yuro 12.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na gaba da za a haɗa daga baya, bayan an cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Marseille da Lyon a wani taro da Ligue de Football Professionals ta shirya. Sakamakon rashin jituwa kan canja wurin ɗan wasan, a watan Disamba na 2008, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa jaridar [[Lyon]] ta gida ''Le Progrès'' cewa tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ba ta da aji kuma ba ƙungiya ce mai kyau ba. An gabatar da Ben Arfa ga manema labarai kuma ya yi atisayensa na farko tare da kulob din a ranar. An ba shi riga mai lamba 20. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, Ben Arfa ya sake shiga cikin wani rikici a lokacin atisaye, a wannan karon da dan wasan gaba kuma dan wasan Faransa [[Djibril cisse|Djibril Cissé]] . Daga baya Cissé ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a matsayin aro. Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da Rennes. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ''Les Marseille'' a wannan wasan. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 11 na farko da ya buga. Duk da haka, suna da yake da shi na takaddama ya ci gaba da damunsa lokacin da ya shiga wata takaddama, a wannan karon tare da ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|ƙasa da ƙasa na Kamaru]] [[Modeste M'bami]] a lokacin wani zaman ɗumama jiki kafin wasan da ƙungiyar za ta yi da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Dole ne Ronald Zubar ya raba su biyun. Rigima ta sake tashi bayan rashin nasara da Marseille da ci 4-2 a hannun abokan hamayyar ''Le Classique'' Paris-Saint Germain. Ya fusata daga kocin Eric Gerets bayan kin barin benci don ya huta. Daga baya Ben Arfa ya ce ya ji rauni sosai wanda hakan ya sa Gerets ba shi da daɗi, amma daga baya ya nemi afuwa ga manema labarai da kuma Gerets da kansa. Bayan dawowarsa cikin tawagar, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa a zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-1. [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_et_la_Coupe_de_la_Ligue.jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Arfa and Stéphane M'Bia|left|thumb|248x248px| Ben Arfa yana bikin Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 tare da Mamadou Niang]] Ben Arfa ya canza rigarsa mai lamba 10 a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Grenoble da ci 2-0 a waje, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 68. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a karawar da Lille ta yi da Lille kuma ya taimaka wa Brandão ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara. Sai dai cece-kuce ya sake tasowa, lokacin da a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2009, aka ci Ben Arfa tarar Yuro 10,000 saboda rashin halartar atisaye. Ben Arfa ya dora alhakin rashin zuwa filin jirgin sama kan jinkirin da aka samu yayin da yake a Tunisia yana ziyartar 'yan uwa a lokacin hutun kasa da kasa. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, ya shiga takaddama mai zafi da kocinsa [[Didier Deschamps]] a lokacin wani horo, wanda daga baya Ben Arfa ya nemi afuwa. A ƙarƙashin Deschamps a farkon rabin kakar wasa, Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni 15 daga cikin 20 na ƙungiyar a gasar lig kuma ya buga mintuna 90 kacal a wasanni biyu, rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Monaco da kuma rashin nasara 2-0 a hannun Auxerre . Wasan Ben Arfa a kakar wasa ta 2010 ya jawo yabo daga Deschamps da daraktan wasanni José Anigo . A ranar 10 ga Janairun 2010, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a kan kungiyar 'yan wasan Trélissac a gasar Coupe de France . Bayan wata guda, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Marseille ta samu a kan Valenciennes da ci 5-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallon farko da Lucho González ya zura. <ref name="Schuber 2010" /> Daga baya a wannan watan, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a waje a wasan farko na gasar UEFA Europa League da kungiyar Copenhagen ta Denmark. A wasan dawowa a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya sake jefa kwallo, inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 43. Marseille ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 3-1, kuma jimillar kwallaye 6-2. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Paris Saint-Germain da ci 3-0. An tabbatar da rawar da Ben Arfa ya taka a watan Fabrairu lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan UNFP na wata . Marseille ta lashe dukkan wasannin gasar guda hudu da kungiyar ta fafata da su, inda Ben Arfa ya fara wasan. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya ci bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 3-0. Nasarar ta sanya ƙungiyar a saman tebur, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa a can har tsawon sauran kakar wasa kuma sun lashe gasar a ranar 5 ga Mayu da nasara 3-1 a kan Rennes. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan. A ranar 22 ga Yuli 2010, rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kulob din Ingila [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na neman sayen Ben Arfa. Bayan an yi masa tambayoyi, manajan Newcastle Chris Hughton ya musanta rahotannin. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, wakilin Ben Arfa ya bayyana cewa Newcastle tana sha'awar dan wasan, tare da kungiyoyin Jamus Hoffenheim da Werder Bremen, kungiyar [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] ta Turkiyya, da kuma kungiyar Italiya AC Milan . A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, ana tattaunawa kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zabin mayar da shi na dindindin tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu; duk da haka, ba a iya cimma kudin aro na yarjejeniyar ba inda Newcastle ta bayar da fam 650,000; £350,000 kasa da abin da Marseille ke so. A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, shugaban Marseille Jean-Claude Dassier ya sanar da cewa Ben Arfa ba zai koma Newcastle ba, har ma ya ce ba a yi tayin da kulob din ya yi masa ba. Kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin da ya bar Lyon, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ga sanarwar ta hanyar shaida wa jaridar wasanni ta Faransa ''L'Équipe'' cewa ba zai koma La Commanderie ba, cibiyar horar da Marseille, kuma ba zai buga wasa da kungiyar ba har tsawon kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dangantakarsa da Deschamps ta yi tsami kuma ba za a iya gyara ta ba. Ben Arfa ya tabbatar da niyyarsa ta hanyar tafiya zuwa [[Newcastle|Newcastle a kan Tyne]], ba tare da izini ba, tare da fatan Newcastle da Marseille za su cimma yarjejeniya. Bayan ya koma Marseille, ya rasa horo da dama tare da ƙungiyar iyayensa, kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga tawagar 'yan wasan ranar wasan don wasanni biyu da suka yi da Valenciennes da Lorient . Daga baya aka bai wa sabon dan wasan da aka sayo André-Pierre Gignac lamba 10 ta Ben Arfa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa an kusa canja wurinsa. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, shawarar komawa Werder Bremen ta gaza cimma nasara bayan da daraktan wasanni na kulob din Klaus Allofs ya bayyana cewa kulob din ba ya sha'awar Ben Arfa, duk da rahotannin da ke cewa Werder Bremen ta bai wa Marseille kudin musayar 'yan wasa na €8.&nbsp;miliyan. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Dassier ya tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya cimma yarjejeniya kan kudin aro da Newcastle don daukar Ben Arfa, inda yarjejeniyar sirri ita ce kawai abin da ke kawo cikas a yarjejeniyar. Marseille ta amince ta biya £2&nbsp;kudin lamuni na miliyan daya. Newcastle za ta sake biyan Marseille £5.&nbsp;miliyan idan Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni 25 a kulob a kakar wasa ta 2010-11, wanda hakan zai sa canja wurin ya zama na dindindin. === Newcastle United === A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2010, Ben Arfa ya amince da yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da Newcastle, kuma washegari, kulob din ya tabbatar da cewa ya dauki Ben Arfa a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2010, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Blackpool ta doke su da ci 2-0 a gida. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Newcastle a cikakken wasansa na farko a ranar 18 ga Satumba a wasan da suka doke Everton da ci 1-0. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa ta hagu yayin da yake buga wasa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a gasar [[Premier League|lig]] . Raunin ya faru ne sakamakon bugun da dan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Nigel de Jong ya yi masa. A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2011, Marseille da Newcastle duk sun tabbatar a shafukan yanar gizon su cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don canja wurin Ben Arfa zuwa Newcastle na dindindin tare da ɗan wasan ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu da rabi. Ba a bayyana kudin canja wurin ba. Ben Arfa ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin gyaran jikinsa a birninsa na Paris yana murmurewa a makarantar Clairefontaine . A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, kocin Newcastle Alan Pardew ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa yana takara kuma zai iya komawa cikin tawagar a watan Afrilu. Duk da haka, bayan kwanaki, Pardew ya bayyana cewa bai shirya yin gaggawar gyaran dan wasan ba kuma wataƙila Ben Arfa ba zai kasance a wurin ba har sai watan Mayu, yana mai cewa "Zan kare shi. Ba zan iya jefa shi a ciki kawai ba". Ben Arfa ya koma atisaye tare da Newcastle a ranar 5 ga Afrilu. Ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen motsa jiki gaba ɗaya tare da ƙungiyar farko, amma ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin horon yana yin motsa jiki mai sauƙi da motsa jiki. Ben Arfa ya kasa sake buga wasa da ƙungiyar a kakar wasa ta 2010-11. Bayan ya ci gaba da murmurewa a lokacin bazara, kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Ben Arfa ya fara shiga wasannin sada zumunci da babbar kungiyar. Ya dawo ƙungiyar a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2011 a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar Conference National Club Darlington . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a rangadin da ƙungiyar ta yi a Amurka na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, ya samu rauni a idon sawunsa a wasan da suka yi da Sporting Kansas City . Ben Arfa ya yi ƙoƙarin komawa ƙasarsa ta haihuwa don ya murmure raunin sannan ya koma Newcastle a ranar 18 ga Satumba. Daga baya, an nada shi cikin ƙungiyar farko da za ta fafata a wasan cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar da [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] a ranar 21 ga Satumba. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka yi da Nottingham Forest, inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya dawo gasar Premier, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Blackburn Rovers da ci 3-1. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 2011, bayan ya yi amfani da mafi yawan lokutan kaka ba tare da ya zura kwallo ba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Bolton da ci 2-0. A ranar 7 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a ragar Newcastle a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Blackburn Rovers. Kwallon da ''BBC Sport'' ta bayyana a matsayin "mai ban mamaki", ta tashi kunnen doki 1-1, kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 22 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallo a wasan da Newcastle ta sha kashi a hannun Fulham da ci 5-2 a filin wasa na Craven Cottage. Watanni biyu bayan haka, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da Newcastle ta buga da Arsenal a gasar Premier. Duk da haka, masu masaukin baki sun yi nasara a wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 25 ga Maris, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa sauran kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke West Brom da ci 3-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar Litinin ta Ista, Ben Arfa ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Bolton Wanderers. Kwallon, wadda mujallar Birtaniya mai suna ''The Independent'' ta bayyana a matsayin "lokacin baiwa" ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani, yayin da aka ba shi kwallon a tsakiyar rabin nasa, ya ci gaba da juyawa ya wuce 'yan wasan Bolton guda 4, yana nuna iko mai ban mamaki wajen yin hakan, sannan ya wuce mai tsaron gidan Bolton Ádám Bogdán, kwallon ita ce ta bude kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-0. Duk da rashin nasarar da aka samu a wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai (Euro 2012), Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a gasar Premier. A ƙarshen makon farko na kakar wasa, ya yi nasara kuma ya buga bugun fenariti wanda ya bai wa Newcastle nasara a kan Tottenham da ci 2-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci kwallo da bugun yadi 25 mai ban mamaki, a ƙafarsa ta dama mai rauni, wanda hakan ya sa Newcastle ta samu maki a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Aston Villa. Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a wasan Europa League da Marítimo, ya dawo a wasan da Fulham ta sha kashi da ci 2-1, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Newcastle ta ci. Duk da haka, ya ƙara ta'azzara raunin a lokacin wasan, kuma bai buga wasa ba sai a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013 (shekararsa ta 26), a wasan zagaye na 16 na gasar Europa League da Anzhi Makhachkala . Ya sake samun rauni a cinyarsa, wanda hakan ya hana shi shiga tawagar har zuwa zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da Benfica a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, lokacin da ya shigo a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu. A ranar 12 ga Mayu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon da ta ba Newcastle damar zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 a Loftus Road daga bugun fenariti, inda Newcastle ta tabbatar da matsayinta na Premier a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta 2013-14 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, inda ya tabbatar da nasarar farko da Newcastle ta samu a kakar wasa ta bana ta hanyar zura kwallo daya tilo a ragar Fulham, da kuma zura kwallo da kuma taimakawa a wasan da suka yi da Aston Villa. Kwallon da Ben Arfa ya ci ta uku a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne lokacin da ɗan wasan Faransa ya zura kwallo a bugun fenariti a wasan da suka buga da Crystal Palace a ƙarshen mako, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Newcastle ta yi nasara da ci 3-0. ==== Aron da aka bai wa Hull City ==== A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2014, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa Hull City na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Anthony |date=2 September 2014 |title=Ben Arfa Joins Hull On Loan |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902140639/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin abokin wasansa na farko Abel Hernández a minti 11 na ƙarshe na wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . Amma a watan Disamba na 2014, Ben Arfa ya bar Ingila ba zato ba tsammani, inda kocin Hull Steve Bruce daga baya ya yarda cewa bai san inda dan wasan yake ba kuma aikinsa da Hull ya bayyana ya ƙare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudd |first=Alyson |date=15 December 2014 |title=I have no idea where Hatem Ben Arfa is, says Steve Bruce |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/i-have-no-idea-where-hatem-ben-arfa-is-says-steve-bruce-vqc8tjv5xx3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215190523/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/premierleague/article4297164.ece |archive-date=15 December 2014 |access-date=15 December 2014 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya bar kwantiraginsa da Newcastle United. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2015 |title=Ben Arfa Contract Terminated |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105065802/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |archive-date=5 January 2015 |access-date=4 January 2015 |website=Newcastle United}}</ref> === Mai kyau === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_Nice.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa a lokacin da yake tare da Nice, 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da kungiyar Nice ta Ligue 1, inda ya ce "Ko da Real Madrid ta kira ni a wannan lokacin, na yanke shawara." Ya ce ya koma Faransa ne saboda "Akwai mutanen da ke nan da suka amince da ni, waɗanda ba sa yi mini hukunci kamar yadda wasu mutane ke son yi mini hukunci ta hanyar manema labarai." <ref name="BBC Sport 2015" /> Ben Arfa ba zai cancanci buga wa ƙungiyar wasa ba, saboda dokar da ta ce ɗan wasa zai iya buga wa ƙungiyoyi biyu wasa kawai a kakar wasa ɗaya, bayan ya riga ya buga wa Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa taron manema labarai cewa an dakatar da kwangilarsa da Nice, amma a ranar 9 ga Yuni, Nice za ta sake daukar Ben Arfa a farkon kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2015-16 . Ben Arfa ya fara buga wa Nice wasa da Monaco a wasan farko na Ligue 1 na kakar wasa ta Nice a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015 a Allianz Riviera . Bayan kwana bakwai, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a sabuwar kungiyarsa a wasan da suka yi da Troyes daga bugun fenariti a wasan Ligue 1 na biyu da Nice ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kare da ci 3-3. A wasan da Nice za ta buga na gaba a gasar Ligue 1 a ranar 22 ga Agusta, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Caen da ci 2-1. === Paris Saint-Germain === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016, a tsakiyar rahotannin da ke cewa akwai sha'awar da ake yi wa dan wasan daga ko'ina cikin Turai bayan kakar wasa da ya zura kwallaye 18 a wasanni 37 da ya buga wa Nice, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Paris Saint-Germain, bayan kwantiraginsa ya kare a Nice. A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2016, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a wasansa na farko a PSG, inda ya zura kwallo a minti na 34 a wasan da suka doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Lyon da ci 4-1 a gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2016. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2017, Ben Arfa ya zira kwallo yayin da ya taimaka wa wasu kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 4-0 a zagaye na 32 na gasar Coupe de France ta 2016-17 . A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya samu damar fara wasa mai wahala (kafin ya zama na tara a kakar wasa ta bana) kuma ya zura kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wa [[Javier Pastore]] a wasan da suka doke Avranches da ci 4-0 a waje a wasan kusa da na karshe na Coupe de France; wannan shi ne wasan karshe na gasar da Ben Arfa ya buga wa PSG a kakar wasa ta 2016-17 . Bayan ya kasa buga wasa ɗaya tilo a gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, ya bar ƙungiyar bayan da kwangilarsa ta kare a watan Yunin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2018 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa – how ex-Newcastle United's star dream move to PSG turned into a nightmare |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910135818/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |archive-date=10 September 2020 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=ChronicleLive |language=en}}</ref> === Rennes === A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2018, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Rennes. A ranar 20 ga Satumba, Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a gasar Europa League a wasan da suka doke Jablonec da ci 2-1 a gida, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu; ya buga wasansa na farko tun daga ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2017, inda ya zura kwallon karshe daga bugun fenariti a minti na 91. A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallon ƙarshe a minti na 77 (wasansa na farko a Ligue 1 a rayuwarsa ga Rennes) bayan da ƙwallon da ya ci a minti na 14 ta taimaka wa ƙwallon da Damien Da Silva ya ci a wasan da suka doke Monaco da ci 2-1 a waje. A ranar 8 ga Disamba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a minti na 89 bayan ya kafa kwallon da Benjamin Bourigeaud ya ci a wasan da suka doke Dijon da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 1 a gida. A ranar 27 ga Afrilun 2019, Ben Arfa ya lashe gasar Coupe de France yayin da Rennes ta doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Paris Saint-Germain a wasan karshe da bugun fanareti. === Real Valladolid === A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2020, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu da kulob din [[La Liga]] na Real Valladolid kan kwantiragin watanni shida. Ya zaɓi rigar lamba 3, wacce ba kasafai ake ganinta a matsayin rigar da aka saba gani ba ga wani mahari, kuma ya bayyana zaɓinsa ta hanyar cewa "a jikin rigar, tana da kyau". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Godefroy |first=Greg |date=31 January 2022 |title=Ben Arfa justifie son choix de porter le numéro 3 à Valladolid et c'est magique |trans-title=Ben Arfa justifies his choice to wear the number 3 at Valladolid and it's magical |url=https://www.mouv.fr/sport/football/mercato-ben-arfa-justifie-son-choix-de-porter-le-numero-3-valladolid-et-c-est-magique-357505 |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Mouv']] |language=fr}}</ref> Duk da haka, wasanninsa sun kasa shawo kan sa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2020 |title=Valladolid: another complicated evening for Hatem Ben Arfa … |url=https://kenyannews.co.ke/sports/football/valladolid-another-complicated-evening-for-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=KenyanNews}}</ref> kuma bayan wasanni biyar kacal, ya bar ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=999 Hatem Ben Arfa |url=https://www.oncloudseven.com/999-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=On Cloud Seven}}</ref> === Bordeaux === A ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2020, Ben Arfa ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ligue 1 ta Bordeaux kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba a wasan da suka yi da tsohuwar kungiyarsa ta Rennes. Ben Arfa ya ji daɗin "farko mai kyau a kakar wasa ta bana", inda ya zira kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye biyar a shekarar 2020 tare da Bordeaux. Duk da haka, ya sha wahala a rabin kakar wasa na biyu, wanda ya fuskanci raunuka da matsaloli a ɗakin canza kaya tare da wasu abokan wasansa, musamman tare da kyaftin [[Laurent Koscielny]] . <ref name="Jacquot 2021">{{Cite web |last=Jacquot |first=Guillaume |date=4 April 2021 |title=Entre Ben Arfa et Bordeaux, rien ne va plus ! |trans-title=Between Ben Arfa and Bordeaux, nothing is going well! |url=https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225805/https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Sports.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Haka kuma dangantaka ta yi tsami tsakaninsa da manaja Jean-Louis Gasset . <ref name="Jacquot 2021" /> A ranar 26 ga Mayu 2021, daraktan wasanni Alain Roche ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa zai bar kungiyar bayan karshen kwantiraginsa. Ya bayyana cewa zabin karin shekara guda da ke cikin yarjejeniyar Ben Arfa "an yi shi ne bisa ka'idojin wasanni" wadanda ba a cika ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2021 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa is leaving Bordeaux |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819155701/https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> === Lille === A ranar 19 ga Janairu 2022, Ben Arfa ya koma kungiyar Lille mai rike da kambun Ligue 1 a kan kwantiragin watanni shida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=Lille sign midfielder Ben Arfa on free transfer |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/lille-sign-midfielder-ben-arfa-free-transfer-2446056 |access-date=21 January 2022 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Brest ta doke su da ci 2-0 bayan kwana uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Marseille up to second as Ben Arfa debuts for Lille |url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/sport/american-football/marseille-up-to-second-as-ben-arfa-debuts-for-lille/ar-AAT2FNz?li=BB12IW4j |access-date=22 February 2022 |publisher=[[MSN]]}}</ref> A wasansa na farko da ''Les Dogues'' ta fara a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya ci gaba da taimakawa wajen zura kwallon da [[Sven Botman]] ya ci a wasan da PSG ta sha kashi da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonn |first=Kyle |date=6 February 2022 |title=PSG at Lille result: Messi, Mbappe score as PSG routs Jonathan David and Lille 5-1 |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/psg-lille-live-score-highlights-lionel-messi-jonathan-david/ucv3tih8urzcbjnyssm9iuji |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Sporting News]]}}</ref> A farkon watan Afrilu, an dakatar da Ben Arfa daga tawagar Lille bayan wata takaddama mai zafi da kocinta Jocelyn Gourvennec bayan kunnen doki 0-0 da Bordeaux. <ref name="GFFN 2022">{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa suspended and set to be sacked by Lille following row with manager |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2022/hatem-ben-arfa-suspended-and-set-to-be-sacked-by-lille-following-row-with-manager/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya soki yadda aka kafa kungiyar, kuma ya shaida wa Gourvennec cewa "wannan ba Guingamp ba ce", kungiyar da ya horar a baya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Callaghan |first=Rory |date=8 April 2022 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa Set To Be Sacked By Lille After Dressing Room Row With Manager Jocelyn Gourvennec |url=https://www.sportbible.com/football/hatem-ben-arfa-to-be-sacked-by-lille-after-dressing-room-row-20220408 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[SPORTbible]]}}</ref> Daga baya ya zagi shugaban Gourvennec da Lille Olivier Létang a wani labari da ya wallafa [[Instagram|a shafinsa na Instagram]], inda ya kira su "masu karkacewa", kalmar da Gourvennec ya yi amfani da ita a farkon wannan rana. <ref name="GFFN 2022" /> Gourvennec ya amsa a wani taron manema labarai cewa "bai taɓa ganin hakan ba a duk tsawon rayuwarsa", yana mai nuni da halayen Ben Arfa marasa kyau a ɗakin shiryawa bayan wasan. <ref name="GFFN 2022" /> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Ben Arfa ya samu damar buga wasa a dukkan kungiyoyin matasan Faransa . Tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, ya buga wasanni goma yana zura kwallaye bakwai. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a gasar cin kofin Aegean ta shekarar 2003 da aka yi a Turkiyya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 12 ga Janairu a wasan da suka doke Belgium da ci 3-2. Nasarar ta tabbatar wa Faransa ta zo ta uku a gasar. A gasar Montaigu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallaye shida a raga a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka fi kowa zura kwallaye a raga. Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Gabon da ci 8-0 a wasan farko. A wasan da ya biyo baya, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a wasan da kungiyar ta doke Rasha da ci 3-0, kuma a wasan karshe na rukuni, ya sake zura kwallo biyu a wasan da suka doke Ingila da ci 3-1. Ya kammala gasar da zira kwallo a wasan ƙarshe da Italiya, duk da cewa Faransa ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 5-1. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a wasan farko na kakar wasa da Sweden inda ya zura kwallaye uku a ragar rabin farko a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 5-2. A gasar Tournio de Val-de-Marne, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallaye biyu yayin da Faransa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ba tare da an zura mata kwallo ko daya ba. A gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2004, Ben Arfa, tare da abokan wasansa [[Samir Nasri]], Benzema, da Jérémy Menez sun ba da gudummawa wajen lashe gasar. Ben Arfa ya buga dukkan wasanni biyar kuma ya zura kwallaye a ragar Arewacin Ireland, Turkiyya da Portugal . Jimilla da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, ya buga wasanni 17 kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a cikin ƙungiyar. Saboda ƙaruwar lokacin da yake bugawa tare da Lyon, Ben Arfa ya rasa wani muhimmin lokaci na wasa tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 . Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Maris 2005, inda ya buga wasa da Jamus a wasan da suka tashi 3-3. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni uku na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don ƙungiyar ta kawo jimillar bayyanarsa zuwa huɗu. Bai zura kwallo ba. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7n5fnfgol3bi0zvdw82ooqxrxifm01z 887806 887805 2026-07-26T16:36:35Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361661783|Hatem Ben Arfa]]" 887806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. Bayan tafiyar 'yan wasan gefe Florent Malouda da [[Sylvain Wiltord]], sabon kocin kungiyar Alain Perrin ya fi son tsarin 4-3-3 na zamani, sannan ya mayar da Ben Arfa zuwa bangaren hagu na kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ben Arfa ya saba da matsayin da sauri kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Metz da ci 5-1 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, kodayake wasansa ya sha bamban da na Benzema. Ana iya cewa mafi kyawun wasansa a cikin rigar Lyon ya faru ne a cikin kwanaki 12, inda ya buga wasan lig a ranar 28 ga Oktoba da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wasan Zakarun Turai da kungiyar Jamus VfB Stuttgart a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a kowanne wasa, sakamakon duka biyun ya kasance na goyon bayan Lyon. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada shi a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasa (UNFP). Duk da jita-jitar rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Benzema, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon a watan Maris na 2008 har zuwa 2010. Duk da haka, aikinsa a Lyon ya gamu da cikas bayan ya shiga cikin rikicin horo da Sébastien Squillaci . === Marseille === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_vs_Matthieu_Chalmé_(GB).jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Ara in the Coupe de la Ligue|right|thumb|249x249px| Ben Arfa ya fafata da mai tsaron bayan Bordeaux Matthieu Chalmé]] Duk da rahotannin da ke cewa kungiyoyin Ingila kamar [[Everton FC|Everton]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] na son sayen dan wasan, jita-jitar komawa abokiyar hamayyarta Marseille ta fara bayyana. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2008, Lyon ta tabbatar da cewa an soke shirin komawa Marseille a yanzu. Duk da haka, Ben Arfa ya tabbatar wa jaridar ''La Provence'' ta gida a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni cewa ya sanya hannu a kulob din da ke gabar tekun kudu kuma ba zai koma Lyon don atisayen kafin kakar wasa ba washegari. Daga baya ''La Provence'' ta ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya rasa horo a Lyon a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da manufarsa. Ben Arfa ya koma Marseille a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2008 kan Yuro 12.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na gaba da za a haɗa daga baya, bayan an cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Marseille da Lyon a wani taro da Ligue de Football Professionals ta shirya. Sakamakon rashin jituwa kan canja wurin ɗan wasan, a watan Disamba na 2008, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa jaridar [[Lyon]] ta gida ''Le Progrès'' cewa tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ba ta da aji kuma ba ƙungiya ce mai kyau ba. An gabatar da Ben Arfa ga manema labarai kuma ya yi atisayensa na farko tare da kulob din a ranar. An ba shi riga mai lamba 20. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, Ben Arfa ya sake shiga cikin wani rikici a lokacin atisaye, a wannan karon da dan wasan gaba kuma dan wasan Faransa [[Djibril cisse|Djibril Cissé]] . Daga baya Cissé ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a matsayin aro. Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da Rennes. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ''Les Marseille'' a wannan wasan. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 11 na farko da ya buga. Duk da haka, suna da yake da shi na takaddama ya ci gaba da damunsa lokacin da ya shiga wata takaddama, a wannan karon tare da ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|ƙasa da ƙasa na Kamaru]] [[Modeste M'bami]] a lokacin wani zaman ɗumama jiki kafin wasan da ƙungiyar za ta yi da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Dole ne Ronald Zubar ya raba su biyun. Rigima ta sake tashi bayan rashin nasara da Marseille da ci 4-2 a hannun abokan hamayyar ''Le Classique'' Paris-Saint Germain. Ya fusata daga kocin Eric Gerets bayan kin barin benci don ya huta. Daga baya Ben Arfa ya ce ya ji rauni sosai wanda hakan ya sa Gerets ba shi da daɗi, amma daga baya ya nemi afuwa ga manema labarai da kuma Gerets da kansa. Bayan dawowarsa cikin tawagar, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa a zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-1. [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_et_la_Coupe_de_la_Ligue.jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Arfa and Stéphane M'Bia|left|thumb|248x248px| Ben Arfa yana bikin Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 tare da Mamadou Niang]] Ben Arfa ya canza rigarsa mai lamba 10 a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Grenoble da ci 2-0 a waje, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 68. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a karawar da Lille ta yi da Lille kuma ya taimaka wa Brandão ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara. Sai dai cece-kuce ya sake tasowa, lokacin da a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2009, aka ci Ben Arfa tarar Yuro 10,000 saboda rashin halartar atisaye. Ben Arfa ya dora alhakin rashin zuwa filin jirgin sama kan jinkirin da aka samu yayin da yake a Tunisia yana ziyartar 'yan uwa a lokacin hutun kasa da kasa. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, ya shiga takaddama mai zafi da kocinsa [[Didier Deschamps]] a lokacin wani horo, wanda daga baya Ben Arfa ya nemi afuwa. A ƙarƙashin Deschamps a farkon rabin kakar wasa, Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni 15 daga cikin 20 na ƙungiyar a gasar lig kuma ya buga mintuna 90 kacal a wasanni biyu, rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Monaco da kuma rashin nasara 2-0 a hannun Auxerre . Wasan Ben Arfa a kakar wasa ta 2010 ya jawo yabo daga Deschamps da daraktan wasanni José Anigo . A ranar 10 ga Janairun 2010, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a kan kungiyar 'yan wasan Trélissac a gasar Coupe de France . Bayan wata guda, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Marseille ta samu a kan Valenciennes da ci 5-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallon farko da Lucho González ya zura. <ref name="Schuber 2010" /> Daga baya a wannan watan, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a waje a wasan farko na gasar UEFA Europa League da kungiyar Copenhagen ta Denmark. A wasan dawowa a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya sake jefa kwallo, inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 43. Marseille ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 3-1, kuma jimillar kwallaye 6-2. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Paris Saint-Germain da ci 3-0. An tabbatar da rawar da Ben Arfa ya taka a watan Fabrairu lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan UNFP na wata . Marseille ta lashe dukkan wasannin gasar guda hudu da kungiyar ta fafata da su, inda Ben Arfa ya fara wasan. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya ci bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 3-0. Nasarar ta sanya ƙungiyar a saman tebur, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa a can har tsawon sauran kakar wasa kuma sun lashe gasar a ranar 5 ga Mayu da nasara 3-1 a kan Rennes. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan. A ranar 22 ga Yuli 2010, rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kulob din Ingila [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na neman sayen Ben Arfa. Bayan an yi masa tambayoyi, manajan Newcastle Chris Hughton ya musanta rahotannin. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, wakilin Ben Arfa ya bayyana cewa Newcastle tana sha'awar dan wasan, tare da kungiyoyin Jamus Hoffenheim da Werder Bremen, kungiyar [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] ta Turkiyya, da kuma kungiyar Italiya AC Milan . A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, ana tattaunawa kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zabin mayar da shi na dindindin tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu; duk da haka, ba a iya cimma kudin aro na yarjejeniyar ba inda Newcastle ta bayar da fam 650,000; £350,000 kasa da abin da Marseille ke so. A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, shugaban Marseille Jean-Claude Dassier ya sanar da cewa Ben Arfa ba zai koma Newcastle ba, har ma ya ce ba a yi tayin da kulob din ya yi masa ba. Kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin da ya bar Lyon, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ga sanarwar ta hanyar shaida wa jaridar wasanni ta Faransa ''L'Équipe'' cewa ba zai koma La Commanderie ba, cibiyar horar da Marseille, kuma ba zai buga wasa da kungiyar ba har tsawon kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dangantakarsa da Deschamps ta yi tsami kuma ba za a iya gyara ta ba. Ben Arfa ya tabbatar da niyyarsa ta hanyar tafiya zuwa [[Newcastle|Newcastle a kan Tyne]], ba tare da izini ba, tare da fatan Newcastle da Marseille za su cimma yarjejeniya. Bayan ya koma Marseille, ya rasa horo da dama tare da ƙungiyar iyayensa, kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga tawagar 'yan wasan ranar wasan don wasanni biyu da suka yi da Valenciennes da Lorient . Daga baya aka bai wa sabon dan wasan da aka sayo André-Pierre Gignac lamba 10 ta Ben Arfa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa an kusa canja wurinsa. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, shawarar komawa Werder Bremen ta gaza cimma nasara bayan da daraktan wasanni na kulob din Klaus Allofs ya bayyana cewa kulob din ba ya sha'awar Ben Arfa, duk da rahotannin da ke cewa Werder Bremen ta bai wa Marseille kudin musayar 'yan wasa na €8.&nbsp;miliyan. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Dassier ya tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya cimma yarjejeniya kan kudin aro da Newcastle don daukar Ben Arfa, inda yarjejeniyar sirri ita ce kawai abin da ke kawo cikas a yarjejeniyar. Marseille ta amince ta biya £2&nbsp;kudin lamuni na miliyan daya. Newcastle za ta sake biyan Marseille £5.&nbsp;miliyan idan Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni 25 a kulob a kakar wasa ta 2010-11, wanda hakan zai sa canja wurin ya zama na dindindin. === Newcastle United === A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2010, Ben Arfa ya amince da yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da Newcastle, kuma washegari, kulob din ya tabbatar da cewa ya dauki Ben Arfa a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2010, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Blackpool ta doke su da ci 2-0 a gida. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Newcastle a cikakken wasansa na farko a ranar 18 ga Satumba a wasan da suka doke Everton da ci 1-0. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa ta hagu yayin da yake buga wasa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a gasar [[Premier League|lig]] . Raunin ya faru ne sakamakon bugun da dan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Nigel de Jong ya yi masa. A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2011, Marseille da Newcastle duk sun tabbatar a shafukan yanar gizon su cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don canja wurin Ben Arfa zuwa Newcastle na dindindin tare da ɗan wasan ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu da rabi. Ba a bayyana kudin canja wurin ba. Ben Arfa ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin gyaran jikinsa a birninsa na Paris yana murmurewa a makarantar Clairefontaine . A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, kocin Newcastle Alan Pardew ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa yana takara kuma zai iya komawa cikin tawagar a watan Afrilu. Duk da haka, bayan kwanaki, Pardew ya bayyana cewa bai shirya yin gaggawar gyaran dan wasan ba kuma wataƙila Ben Arfa ba zai kasance a wurin ba har sai watan Mayu, yana mai cewa "Zan kare shi. Ba zan iya jefa shi a ciki kawai ba". Ben Arfa ya koma atisaye tare da Newcastle a ranar 5 ga Afrilu. Ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen motsa jiki gaba ɗaya tare da ƙungiyar farko, amma ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin horon yana yin motsa jiki mai sauƙi da motsa jiki. Ben Arfa ya kasa sake buga wasa da ƙungiyar a kakar wasa ta 2010-11. Bayan ya ci gaba da murmurewa a lokacin bazara, kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Ben Arfa ya fara shiga wasannin sada zumunci da babbar kungiyar. Ya dawo ƙungiyar a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2011 a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar Conference National Club Darlington . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a rangadin da ƙungiyar ta yi a Amurka na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, ya samu rauni a idon sawunsa a wasan da suka yi da Sporting Kansas City . Ben Arfa ya yi ƙoƙarin komawa ƙasarsa ta haihuwa don ya murmure raunin sannan ya koma Newcastle a ranar 18 ga Satumba. Daga baya, an nada shi cikin ƙungiyar farko da za ta fafata a wasan cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar da [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] a ranar 21 ga Satumba. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka yi da Nottingham Forest, inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya dawo gasar Premier, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Blackburn Rovers da ci 3-1. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 2011, bayan ya yi amfani da mafi yawan lokutan kaka ba tare da ya zura kwallo ba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Bolton da ci 2-0. A ranar 7 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a ragar Newcastle a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Blackburn Rovers. Kwallon da ''BBC Sport'' ta bayyana a matsayin "mai ban mamaki", ta tashi kunnen doki 1-1, kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 22 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallo a wasan da Newcastle ta sha kashi a hannun Fulham da ci 5-2 a filin wasa na Craven Cottage. Watanni biyu bayan haka, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da Newcastle ta buga da Arsenal a gasar Premier. Duk da haka, masu masaukin baki sun yi nasara a wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 25 ga Maris, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa sauran kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke West Brom da ci 3-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar Litinin ta Ista, Ben Arfa ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Bolton Wanderers. Kwallon, wadda mujallar Birtaniya mai suna ''The Independent'' ta bayyana a matsayin "lokacin baiwa" ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani, yayin da aka ba shi kwallon a tsakiyar rabin nasa, ya ci gaba da juyawa ya wuce 'yan wasan Bolton guda 4, yana nuna iko mai ban mamaki wajen yin hakan, sannan ya wuce mai tsaron gidan Bolton Ádám Bogdán, kwallon ita ce ta bude kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-0. Duk da rashin nasarar da aka samu a wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai (Euro 2012), Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a gasar Premier. A ƙarshen makon farko na kakar wasa, ya yi nasara kuma ya buga bugun fenariti wanda ya bai wa Newcastle nasara a kan Tottenham da ci 2-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci kwallo da bugun yadi 25 mai ban mamaki, a ƙafarsa ta dama mai rauni, wanda hakan ya sa Newcastle ta samu maki a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Aston Villa. Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a wasan Europa League da Marítimo, ya dawo a wasan da Fulham ta sha kashi da ci 2-1, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Newcastle ta ci. Duk da haka, ya ƙara ta'azzara raunin a lokacin wasan, kuma bai buga wasa ba sai a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013 (shekararsa ta 26), a wasan zagaye na 16 na gasar Europa League da Anzhi Makhachkala . Ya sake samun rauni a cinyarsa, wanda hakan ya hana shi shiga tawagar har zuwa zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da Benfica a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, lokacin da ya shigo a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu. A ranar 12 ga Mayu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon da ta ba Newcastle damar zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 a Loftus Road daga bugun fenariti, inda Newcastle ta tabbatar da matsayinta na Premier a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta 2013-14 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, inda ya tabbatar da nasarar farko da Newcastle ta samu a kakar wasa ta bana ta hanyar zura kwallo daya tilo a ragar Fulham, da kuma zura kwallo da kuma taimakawa a wasan da suka yi da Aston Villa. Kwallon da Ben Arfa ya ci ta uku a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne lokacin da ɗan wasan Faransa ya zura kwallo a bugun fenariti a wasan da suka buga da Crystal Palace a ƙarshen mako, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Newcastle ta yi nasara da ci 3-0. ==== Aron da aka bai wa Hull City ==== A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2014, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa Hull City na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Anthony |date=2 September 2014 |title=Ben Arfa Joins Hull On Loan |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902140639/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin abokin wasansa na farko Abel Hernández a minti 11 na ƙarshe na wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . Amma a watan Disamba na 2014, Ben Arfa ya bar Ingila ba zato ba tsammani, inda kocin Hull Steve Bruce daga baya ya yarda cewa bai san inda dan wasan yake ba kuma aikinsa da Hull ya bayyana ya ƙare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudd |first=Alyson |date=15 December 2014 |title=I have no idea where Hatem Ben Arfa is, says Steve Bruce |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/i-have-no-idea-where-hatem-ben-arfa-is-says-steve-bruce-vqc8tjv5xx3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215190523/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/premierleague/article4297164.ece |archive-date=15 December 2014 |access-date=15 December 2014 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya bar kwantiraginsa da Newcastle United. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2015 |title=Ben Arfa Contract Terminated |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105065802/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |archive-date=5 January 2015 |access-date=4 January 2015 |website=Newcastle United}}</ref> === Mai kyau === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_Nice.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa a lokacin da yake tare da Nice, 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da kungiyar Nice ta Ligue 1, inda ya ce "Ko da Real Madrid ta kira ni a wannan lokacin, na yanke shawara." Ya ce ya koma Faransa ne saboda "Akwai mutanen da ke nan da suka amince da ni, waɗanda ba sa yi mini hukunci kamar yadda wasu mutane ke son yi mini hukunci ta hanyar manema labarai." <ref name="BBC Sport 2015" /> Ben Arfa ba zai cancanci buga wa ƙungiyar wasa ba, saboda dokar da ta ce ɗan wasa zai iya buga wa ƙungiyoyi biyu wasa kawai a kakar wasa ɗaya, bayan ya riga ya buga wa Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa taron manema labarai cewa an dakatar da kwangilarsa da Nice, amma a ranar 9 ga Yuni, Nice za ta sake daukar Ben Arfa a farkon kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2015-16 . Ben Arfa ya fara buga wa Nice wasa da Monaco a wasan farko na Ligue 1 na kakar wasa ta Nice a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015 a Allianz Riviera . Bayan kwana bakwai, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a sabuwar kungiyarsa a wasan da suka yi da Troyes daga bugun fenariti a wasan Ligue 1 na biyu da Nice ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kare da ci 3-3. A wasan da Nice za ta buga na gaba a gasar Ligue 1 a ranar 22 ga Agusta, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Caen da ci 2-1. === Paris Saint-Germain === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016, a tsakiyar rahotannin da ke cewa akwai sha'awar da ake yi wa dan wasan daga ko'ina cikin Turai bayan kakar wasa da ya zura kwallaye 18 a wasanni 37 da ya buga wa Nice, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Paris Saint-Germain, bayan kwantiraginsa ya kare a Nice. A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2016, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a wasansa na farko a PSG, inda ya zura kwallo a minti na 34 a wasan da suka doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Lyon da ci 4-1 a gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2016. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2017, Ben Arfa ya zira kwallo yayin da ya taimaka wa wasu kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 4-0 a zagaye na 32 na gasar Coupe de France ta 2016-17 . A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya samu damar fara wasa mai wahala (kafin ya zama na tara a kakar wasa ta bana) kuma ya zura kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wa [[Javier Pastore]] a wasan da suka doke Avranches da ci 4-0 a waje a wasan kusa da na karshe na Coupe de France; wannan shi ne wasan karshe na gasar da Ben Arfa ya buga wa PSG a kakar wasa ta 2016-17 . Bayan ya kasa buga wasa ɗaya tilo a gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, ya bar ƙungiyar bayan da kwangilarsa ta kare a watan Yunin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2018 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa – how ex-Newcastle United's star dream move to PSG turned into a nightmare |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910135818/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |archive-date=10 September 2020 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=ChronicleLive |language=en}}</ref> === Rennes === A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2018, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Rennes. A ranar 20 ga Satumba, Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a gasar Europa League a wasan da suka doke Jablonec da ci 2-1 a gida, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu; ya buga wasansa na farko tun daga ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2017, inda ya zura kwallon karshe daga bugun fenariti a minti na 91. A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallon ƙarshe a minti na 77 (wasansa na farko a Ligue 1 a rayuwarsa ga Rennes) bayan da ƙwallon da ya ci a minti na 14 ta taimaka wa ƙwallon da Damien Da Silva ya ci a wasan da suka doke Monaco da ci 2-1 a waje. A ranar 8 ga Disamba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a minti na 89 bayan ya kafa kwallon da Benjamin Bourigeaud ya ci a wasan da suka doke Dijon da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 1 a gida. A ranar 27 ga Afrilun 2019, Ben Arfa ya lashe gasar Coupe de France yayin da Rennes ta doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Paris Saint-Germain a wasan karshe da bugun fanareti. === Real Valladolid === A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2020, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu da kulob din [[La Liga]] na Real Valladolid kan kwantiragin watanni shida. Ya zaɓi rigar lamba 3, wacce ba kasafai ake ganinta a matsayin rigar da aka saba gani ba ga wani mahari, kuma ya bayyana zaɓinsa ta hanyar cewa "a jikin rigar, tana da kyau". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Godefroy |first=Greg |date=31 January 2022 |title=Ben Arfa justifie son choix de porter le numéro 3 à Valladolid et c'est magique |trans-title=Ben Arfa justifies his choice to wear the number 3 at Valladolid and it's magical |url=https://www.mouv.fr/sport/football/mercato-ben-arfa-justifie-son-choix-de-porter-le-numero-3-valladolid-et-c-est-magique-357505 |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Mouv']] |language=fr}}</ref> Duk da haka, wasanninsa sun kasa shawo kan sa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2020 |title=Valladolid: another complicated evening for Hatem Ben Arfa … |url=https://kenyannews.co.ke/sports/football/valladolid-another-complicated-evening-for-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=KenyanNews}}</ref> kuma bayan wasanni biyar kacal, ya bar ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=999 Hatem Ben Arfa |url=https://www.oncloudseven.com/999-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=On Cloud Seven}}</ref> === Bordeaux === A ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2020, Ben Arfa ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ligue 1 ta Bordeaux kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba a wasan da suka yi da tsohuwar kungiyarsa ta Rennes. Ben Arfa ya ji daɗin "farko mai kyau a kakar wasa ta bana", inda ya zira kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye biyar a shekarar 2020 tare da Bordeaux. Duk da haka, ya sha wahala a rabin kakar wasa na biyu, wanda ya fuskanci raunuka da matsaloli a ɗakin canza kaya tare da wasu abokan wasansa, musamman tare da kyaftin [[Laurent Koscielny]] . <ref name="Jacquot 2021">{{Cite web |last=Jacquot |first=Guillaume |date=4 April 2021 |title=Entre Ben Arfa et Bordeaux, rien ne va plus ! |trans-title=Between Ben Arfa and Bordeaux, nothing is going well! |url=https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225805/https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Sports.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Haka kuma dangantaka ta yi tsami tsakaninsa da manaja Jean-Louis Gasset . <ref name="Jacquot 2021" /> A ranar 26 ga Mayu 2021, daraktan wasanni Alain Roche ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa zai bar kungiyar bayan karshen kwantiraginsa. Ya bayyana cewa zabin karin shekara guda da ke cikin yarjejeniyar Ben Arfa "an yi shi ne bisa ka'idojin wasanni" wadanda ba a cika ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2021 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa is leaving Bordeaux |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819155701/https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> === Lille === A ranar 19 ga Janairu 2022, Ben Arfa ya koma kungiyar Lille mai rike da kambun Ligue 1 a kan kwantiragin watanni shida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=Lille sign midfielder Ben Arfa on free transfer |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/lille-sign-midfielder-ben-arfa-free-transfer-2446056 |access-date=21 January 2022 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Brest ta doke su da ci 2-0 bayan kwana uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Marseille up to second as Ben Arfa debuts for Lille |url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/sport/american-football/marseille-up-to-second-as-ben-arfa-debuts-for-lille/ar-AAT2FNz?li=BB12IW4j |access-date=22 February 2022 |publisher=[[MSN]]}}</ref> A wasansa na farko da ''Les Dogues'' ta fara a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya ci gaba da taimakawa wajen zura kwallon da [[Sven Botman]] ya ci a wasan da PSG ta sha kashi da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonn |first=Kyle |date=6 February 2022 |title=PSG at Lille result: Messi, Mbappe score as PSG routs Jonathan David and Lille 5-1 |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/psg-lille-live-score-highlights-lionel-messi-jonathan-david/ucv3tih8urzcbjnyssm9iuji |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Sporting News]]}}</ref> A farkon watan Afrilu, an dakatar da Ben Arfa daga tawagar Lille bayan wata takaddama mai zafi da kocinta Jocelyn Gourvennec bayan kunnen doki 0-0 da Bordeaux. <ref name="GFFN 2022">{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa suspended and set to be sacked by Lille following row with manager |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2022/hatem-ben-arfa-suspended-and-set-to-be-sacked-by-lille-following-row-with-manager/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya soki yadda aka kafa kungiyar, kuma ya shaida wa Gourvennec cewa "wannan ba Guingamp ba ce", kungiyar da ya horar a baya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Callaghan |first=Rory |date=8 April 2022 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa Set To Be Sacked By Lille After Dressing Room Row With Manager Jocelyn Gourvennec |url=https://www.sportbible.com/football/hatem-ben-arfa-to-be-sacked-by-lille-after-dressing-room-row-20220408 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[SPORTbible]]}}</ref> Daga baya ya zagi shugaban Gourvennec da Lille Olivier Létang a wani labari da ya wallafa [[Instagram|a shafinsa na Instagram]], inda ya kira su "masu karkacewa", kalmar da Gourvennec ya yi amfani da ita a farkon wannan rana. <ref name="GFFN 2022" /> Gourvennec ya amsa a wani taron manema labarai cewa "bai taɓa ganin hakan ba a duk tsawon rayuwarsa", yana mai nuni da halayen Ben Arfa marasa kyau a ɗakin shiryawa bayan wasan. <ref name="GFFN 2022" /> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Ben Arfa ya samu damar buga wasa a dukkan kungiyoyin matasan Faransa . Tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, ya buga wasanni goma yana zura kwallaye bakwai. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a gasar cin kofin Aegean ta shekarar 2003 da aka yi a Turkiyya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 12 ga Janairu a wasan da suka doke Belgium da ci 3-2. Nasarar ta tabbatar wa Faransa ta zo ta uku a gasar. A gasar Montaigu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallaye shida a raga a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka fi kowa zura kwallaye a raga. Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Gabon da ci 8-0 a wasan farko. A wasan da ya biyo baya, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a wasan da kungiyar ta doke Rasha da ci 3-0, kuma a wasan karshe na rukuni, ya sake zura kwallo biyu a wasan da suka doke Ingila da ci 3-1. Ya kammala gasar da zira kwallo a wasan ƙarshe da Italiya, duk da cewa Faransa ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 5-1. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a wasan farko na kakar wasa da Sweden inda ya zura kwallaye uku a ragar rabin farko a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 5-2. A gasar Tournio de Val-de-Marne, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallaye biyu yayin da Faransa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ba tare da an zura mata kwallo ko daya ba. A gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2004, Ben Arfa, tare da abokan wasansa [[Samir Nasri]], Benzema, da Jérémy Menez sun ba da gudummawa wajen lashe gasar. Ben Arfa ya buga dukkan wasanni biyar kuma ya zura kwallaye a ragar Arewacin Ireland, Turkiyya da Portugal . Jimilla da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, ya buga wasanni 17 kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a cikin ƙungiyar. Saboda ƙaruwar lokacin da yake bugawa tare da Lyon, Ben Arfa ya rasa wani muhimmin lokaci na wasa tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 . Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Maris 2005, inda ya buga wasa da Jamus a wasan da suka tashi 3-3. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni uku na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don ƙungiyar ta kawo jimillar bayyanarsa zuwa huɗu. Bai zura kwallo ba. 'Yan wasan Ben Arfa, Nasri, Benzema, da Menez sun koma buga wasa tare a ƙasashen waje don 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 . An haɗu da Issiar Dia, Blaise Matuidi, da Serge Gakpé tare da su, da nufin lashe gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2006 . A zagayen farko na cancantar shiga gasar, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a wasan farko da Wales yayin da Faransa ta tsallake zagayen ba tare da an doke ta ba. Saboda raunin da ya samu, Ben Arfa bai halarci zagaye na ƙarshe na cancantar shiga gasar ba, kuma duk da rashin nasara a zagayen, Faransa ta sha kashi a hannun Scotland a kan maki. Ben Arfa ya buga wasa sau ɗaya kawai a gasar tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasa a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 da Romania a shekarar 2009. === Babban ɗalibi === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_v_England_2015.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa yana bugawa Faransa wasa a shekarar 2015]] Kafin ya wakilci Faransa, Ben Arfa ya cancanci wakiltar Tunisia kuma an ba shi gurbi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2006, wadda aka gudanar a Jamus. Kamar Sami Khedira, ya ƙi karɓar wannan damar, inda ya fi son ci gaba da aikinsa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa. An gayyaci Ben Arfa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan ƙungiyar a karon farko a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2007 ta hannun Raymond Domenech domin maye gurbin [[Louis Laurent Saha|Louis Saha]] da ya ji rauni, kuma ya buga wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2008 da Faroe Islands da Lithuania . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2007 |title=Ben Arfa gets call ahead of Trezeguet |url=http://www.frenchleague.com/ligue1/lireArticle.asp?idArticle=8970 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012091926/http://www.frenchleague.com/ligue1/lireArticle.asp?idArticle=8970 |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=11 May 2008 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]]}}</ref> Wannan matakin ya ba masu sukar Domenech mamaki yayin da suke tsammanin ɗan wasan gaba [[David Trezeguet]] zai samu gayyata. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba lokacin da ya shigo wasa a madadin Franck Ribéry a minti na 64 kuma ya zura kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Faransa ta doke tsibirin Faroe da ci 6-0. Duk da haka, an cire Ben Arfa daga cikin tawagar Domenech mai 'yan wasa 23 a gasar Euro 2008 a ranar 28 ga Mayu. A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2010, bayan dogon lokaci ba tare da an kira shi ba, Ben Arfa ya koma ƙungiyar, tare da abokan wasansa Steve Mandanda da Benoît Cheyrou, bayan an kira su don buga wasan sada zumunta da Faransa za ta yi da Spain a ranar 3 ga Maris. A ranar 11 ga Mayu, Domenech ya sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa 30 na farko da za su buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010, amma bai samu shiga zagaye na karshe na 23 ba. Bayan ya shafe kusan shekaru biyu ba tare da wakiltar Faransa a gasar cin kofin duniya ba, a ranar 5 ga Agusta 2010, sabon kocin kungiyar [[Laurent Blanc]] ya kira Ben Arfa a matsayin babban kocin kungiyar a wasan sada zumunta da za su yi da Norway a ranar 11 ga Agusta 2010. Ben Arfa ya dawo cikin tawagar a wasan, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Mousa Sissoko|Moussa Sissoko]] a lokacin hutun rabin lokaci. Ya zura kwallon farko a wasan a wasan da aka doke su da ci 2-1. A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2012, Ben Arfa ya shiga cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 na Faransa da za su fafata a gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA 2012, inda ya fara wasa a wasan karshe na rukunin D, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Sweden da ci 2-0. A ranar 12 ga Mayu 2016, an sanya Ben Arfa a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su buga wa Faransa gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA Euro 2016. == Rayuwa ta sirri == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ejdhbnu1rn4iximo66sd62emuga38mj 887808 887806 2026-07-26T16:38:49Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361661783|Hatem Ben Arfa]]" 887808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. Bayan tafiyar 'yan wasan gefe Florent Malouda da [[Sylvain Wiltord]], sabon kocin kungiyar Alain Perrin ya fi son tsarin 4-3-3 na zamani, sannan ya mayar da Ben Arfa zuwa bangaren hagu na kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ben Arfa ya saba da matsayin da sauri kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Metz da ci 5-1 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, kodayake wasansa ya sha bamban da na Benzema. Ana iya cewa mafi kyawun wasansa a cikin rigar Lyon ya faru ne a cikin kwanaki 12, inda ya buga wasan lig a ranar 28 ga Oktoba da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wasan Zakarun Turai da kungiyar Jamus VfB Stuttgart a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a kowanne wasa, sakamakon duka biyun ya kasance na goyon bayan Lyon. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada shi a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasa (UNFP). Duk da jita-jitar rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Benzema, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon a watan Maris na 2008 har zuwa 2010. Duk da haka, aikinsa a Lyon ya gamu da cikas bayan ya shiga cikin rikicin horo da Sébastien Squillaci . === Marseille === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_vs_Matthieu_Chalmé_(GB).jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Ara in the Coupe de la Ligue|right|thumb|249x249px| Ben Arfa ya fafata da mai tsaron bayan Bordeaux Matthieu Chalmé]] Duk da rahotannin da ke cewa kungiyoyin Ingila kamar [[Everton FC|Everton]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] na son sayen dan wasan, jita-jitar komawa abokiyar hamayyarta Marseille ta fara bayyana. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2008, Lyon ta tabbatar da cewa an soke shirin komawa Marseille a yanzu. Duk da haka, Ben Arfa ya tabbatar wa jaridar ''La Provence'' ta gida a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni cewa ya sanya hannu a kulob din da ke gabar tekun kudu kuma ba zai koma Lyon don atisayen kafin kakar wasa ba washegari. Daga baya ''La Provence'' ta ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya rasa horo a Lyon a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da manufarsa. Ben Arfa ya koma Marseille a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2008 kan Yuro 12.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na gaba da za a haɗa daga baya, bayan an cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Marseille da Lyon a wani taro da Ligue de Football Professionals ta shirya. Sakamakon rashin jituwa kan canja wurin ɗan wasan, a watan Disamba na 2008, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa jaridar [[Lyon]] ta gida ''Le Progrès'' cewa tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ba ta da aji kuma ba ƙungiya ce mai kyau ba. An gabatar da Ben Arfa ga manema labarai kuma ya yi atisayensa na farko tare da kulob din a ranar. An ba shi riga mai lamba 20. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, Ben Arfa ya sake shiga cikin wani rikici a lokacin atisaye, a wannan karon da dan wasan gaba kuma dan wasan Faransa [[Djibril cisse|Djibril Cissé]] . Daga baya Cissé ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a matsayin aro. Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da Rennes. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ''Les Marseille'' a wannan wasan. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 11 na farko da ya buga. Duk da haka, suna da yake da shi na takaddama ya ci gaba da damunsa lokacin da ya shiga wata takaddama, a wannan karon tare da ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|ƙasa da ƙasa na Kamaru]] [[Modeste M'bami]] a lokacin wani zaman ɗumama jiki kafin wasan da ƙungiyar za ta yi da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Dole ne Ronald Zubar ya raba su biyun. Rigima ta sake tashi bayan rashin nasara da Marseille da ci 4-2 a hannun abokan hamayyar ''Le Classique'' Paris-Saint Germain. Ya fusata daga kocin Eric Gerets bayan kin barin benci don ya huta. Daga baya Ben Arfa ya ce ya ji rauni sosai wanda hakan ya sa Gerets ba shi da daɗi, amma daga baya ya nemi afuwa ga manema labarai da kuma Gerets da kansa. Bayan dawowarsa cikin tawagar, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa a zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-1. [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_et_la_Coupe_de_la_Ligue.jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Arfa and Stéphane M'Bia|left|thumb|248x248px| Ben Arfa yana bikin Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 tare da Mamadou Niang]] Ben Arfa ya canza rigarsa mai lamba 10 a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Grenoble da ci 2-0 a waje, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 68. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a karawar da Lille ta yi da Lille kuma ya taimaka wa Brandão ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara. Sai dai cece-kuce ya sake tasowa, lokacin da a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2009, aka ci Ben Arfa tarar Yuro 10,000 saboda rashin halartar atisaye. Ben Arfa ya dora alhakin rashin zuwa filin jirgin sama kan jinkirin da aka samu yayin da yake a Tunisia yana ziyartar 'yan uwa a lokacin hutun kasa da kasa. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, ya shiga takaddama mai zafi da kocinsa [[Didier Deschamps]] a lokacin wani horo, wanda daga baya Ben Arfa ya nemi afuwa. A ƙarƙashin Deschamps a farkon rabin kakar wasa, Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni 15 daga cikin 20 na ƙungiyar a gasar lig kuma ya buga mintuna 90 kacal a wasanni biyu, rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Monaco da kuma rashin nasara 2-0 a hannun Auxerre . Wasan Ben Arfa a kakar wasa ta 2010 ya jawo yabo daga Deschamps da daraktan wasanni José Anigo . A ranar 10 ga Janairun 2010, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a kan kungiyar 'yan wasan Trélissac a gasar Coupe de France . Bayan wata guda, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Marseille ta samu a kan Valenciennes da ci 5-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallon farko da Lucho González ya zura. <ref name="Schuber 2010" /> Daga baya a wannan watan, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a waje a wasan farko na gasar UEFA Europa League da kungiyar Copenhagen ta Denmark. A wasan dawowa a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya sake jefa kwallo, inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 43. Marseille ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 3-1, kuma jimillar kwallaye 6-2. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Paris Saint-Germain da ci 3-0. An tabbatar da rawar da Ben Arfa ya taka a watan Fabrairu lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan UNFP na wata . Marseille ta lashe dukkan wasannin gasar guda hudu da kungiyar ta fafata da su, inda Ben Arfa ya fara wasan. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya ci bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 3-0. Nasarar ta sanya ƙungiyar a saman tebur, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa a can har tsawon sauran kakar wasa kuma sun lashe gasar a ranar 5 ga Mayu da nasara 3-1 a kan Rennes. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan. A ranar 22 ga Yuli 2010, rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kulob din Ingila [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na neman sayen Ben Arfa. Bayan an yi masa tambayoyi, manajan Newcastle Chris Hughton ya musanta rahotannin. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, wakilin Ben Arfa ya bayyana cewa Newcastle tana sha'awar dan wasan, tare da kungiyoyin Jamus Hoffenheim da Werder Bremen, kungiyar [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] ta Turkiyya, da kuma kungiyar Italiya AC Milan . A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, ana tattaunawa kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zabin mayar da shi na dindindin tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu; duk da haka, ba a iya cimma kudin aro na yarjejeniyar ba inda Newcastle ta bayar da fam 650,000; £350,000 kasa da abin da Marseille ke so. A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, shugaban Marseille Jean-Claude Dassier ya sanar da cewa Ben Arfa ba zai koma Newcastle ba, har ma ya ce ba a yi tayin da kulob din ya yi masa ba. Kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin da ya bar Lyon, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ga sanarwar ta hanyar shaida wa jaridar wasanni ta Faransa ''L'Équipe'' cewa ba zai koma La Commanderie ba, cibiyar horar da Marseille, kuma ba zai buga wasa da kungiyar ba har tsawon kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dangantakarsa da Deschamps ta yi tsami kuma ba za a iya gyara ta ba. Ben Arfa ya tabbatar da niyyarsa ta hanyar tafiya zuwa [[Newcastle|Newcastle a kan Tyne]], ba tare da izini ba, tare da fatan Newcastle da Marseille za su cimma yarjejeniya. Bayan ya koma Marseille, ya rasa horo da dama tare da ƙungiyar iyayensa, kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga tawagar 'yan wasan ranar wasan don wasanni biyu da suka yi da Valenciennes da Lorient . Daga baya aka bai wa sabon dan wasan da aka sayo André-Pierre Gignac lamba 10 ta Ben Arfa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa an kusa canja wurinsa. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, shawarar komawa Werder Bremen ta gaza cimma nasara bayan da daraktan wasanni na kulob din Klaus Allofs ya bayyana cewa kulob din ba ya sha'awar Ben Arfa, duk da rahotannin da ke cewa Werder Bremen ta bai wa Marseille kudin musayar 'yan wasa na €8.&nbsp;miliyan. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Dassier ya tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya cimma yarjejeniya kan kudin aro da Newcastle don daukar Ben Arfa, inda yarjejeniyar sirri ita ce kawai abin da ke kawo cikas a yarjejeniyar. Marseille ta amince ta biya £2&nbsp;kudin lamuni na miliyan daya. Newcastle za ta sake biyan Marseille £5.&nbsp;miliyan idan Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni 25 a kulob a kakar wasa ta 2010-11, wanda hakan zai sa canja wurin ya zama na dindindin. === Newcastle United === A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2010, Ben Arfa ya amince da yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da Newcastle, kuma washegari, kulob din ya tabbatar da cewa ya dauki Ben Arfa a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2010, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Blackpool ta doke su da ci 2-0 a gida. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Newcastle a cikakken wasansa na farko a ranar 18 ga Satumba a wasan da suka doke Everton da ci 1-0. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa ta hagu yayin da yake buga wasa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a gasar [[Premier League|lig]] . Raunin ya faru ne sakamakon bugun da dan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Nigel de Jong ya yi masa. A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2011, Marseille da Newcastle duk sun tabbatar a shafukan yanar gizon su cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don canja wurin Ben Arfa zuwa Newcastle na dindindin tare da ɗan wasan ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu da rabi. Ba a bayyana kudin canja wurin ba. Ben Arfa ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin gyaran jikinsa a birninsa na Paris yana murmurewa a makarantar Clairefontaine . A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, kocin Newcastle Alan Pardew ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa yana takara kuma zai iya komawa cikin tawagar a watan Afrilu. Duk da haka, bayan kwanaki, Pardew ya bayyana cewa bai shirya yin gaggawar gyaran dan wasan ba kuma wataƙila Ben Arfa ba zai kasance a wurin ba har sai watan Mayu, yana mai cewa "Zan kare shi. Ba zan iya jefa shi a ciki kawai ba". Ben Arfa ya koma atisaye tare da Newcastle a ranar 5 ga Afrilu. Ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen motsa jiki gaba ɗaya tare da ƙungiyar farko, amma ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin horon yana yin motsa jiki mai sauƙi da motsa jiki. Ben Arfa ya kasa sake buga wasa da ƙungiyar a kakar wasa ta 2010-11. Bayan ya ci gaba da murmurewa a lokacin bazara, kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Ben Arfa ya fara shiga wasannin sada zumunci da babbar kungiyar. Ya dawo ƙungiyar a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2011 a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar Conference National Club Darlington . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a rangadin da ƙungiyar ta yi a Amurka na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, ya samu rauni a idon sawunsa a wasan da suka yi da Sporting Kansas City . Ben Arfa ya yi ƙoƙarin komawa ƙasarsa ta haihuwa don ya murmure raunin sannan ya koma Newcastle a ranar 18 ga Satumba. Daga baya, an nada shi cikin ƙungiyar farko da za ta fafata a wasan cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar da [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] a ranar 21 ga Satumba. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka yi da Nottingham Forest, inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya dawo gasar Premier, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Blackburn Rovers da ci 3-1. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 2011, bayan ya yi amfani da mafi yawan lokutan kaka ba tare da ya zura kwallo ba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Bolton da ci 2-0. A ranar 7 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a ragar Newcastle a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Blackburn Rovers. Kwallon da ''BBC Sport'' ta bayyana a matsayin "mai ban mamaki", ta tashi kunnen doki 1-1, kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 22 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallo a wasan da Newcastle ta sha kashi a hannun Fulham da ci 5-2 a filin wasa na Craven Cottage. Watanni biyu bayan haka, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da Newcastle ta buga da Arsenal a gasar Premier. Duk da haka, masu masaukin baki sun yi nasara a wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 25 ga Maris, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa sauran kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke West Brom da ci 3-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar Litinin ta Ista, Ben Arfa ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Bolton Wanderers. Kwallon, wadda mujallar Birtaniya mai suna ''The Independent'' ta bayyana a matsayin "lokacin baiwa" ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani, yayin da aka ba shi kwallon a tsakiyar rabin nasa, ya ci gaba da juyawa ya wuce 'yan wasan Bolton guda 4, yana nuna iko mai ban mamaki wajen yin hakan, sannan ya wuce mai tsaron gidan Bolton Ádám Bogdán, kwallon ita ce ta bude kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-0. Duk da rashin nasarar da aka samu a wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai (Euro 2012), Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a gasar Premier. A ƙarshen makon farko na kakar wasa, ya yi nasara kuma ya buga bugun fenariti wanda ya bai wa Newcastle nasara a kan Tottenham da ci 2-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci kwallo da bugun yadi 25 mai ban mamaki, a ƙafarsa ta dama mai rauni, wanda hakan ya sa Newcastle ta samu maki a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Aston Villa. Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a wasan Europa League da Marítimo, ya dawo a wasan da Fulham ta sha kashi da ci 2-1, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Newcastle ta ci. Duk da haka, ya ƙara ta'azzara raunin a lokacin wasan, kuma bai buga wasa ba sai a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013 (shekararsa ta 26), a wasan zagaye na 16 na gasar Europa League da Anzhi Makhachkala . Ya sake samun rauni a cinyarsa, wanda hakan ya hana shi shiga tawagar har zuwa zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da Benfica a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, lokacin da ya shigo a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu. A ranar 12 ga Mayu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon da ta ba Newcastle damar zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 a Loftus Road daga bugun fenariti, inda Newcastle ta tabbatar da matsayinta na Premier a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta 2013-14 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, inda ya tabbatar da nasarar farko da Newcastle ta samu a kakar wasa ta bana ta hanyar zura kwallo daya tilo a ragar Fulham, da kuma zura kwallo da kuma taimakawa a wasan da suka yi da Aston Villa. Kwallon da Ben Arfa ya ci ta uku a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne lokacin da ɗan wasan Faransa ya zura kwallo a bugun fenariti a wasan da suka buga da Crystal Palace a ƙarshen mako, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Newcastle ta yi nasara da ci 3-0. ==== Aron da aka bai wa Hull City ==== A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2014, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa Hull City na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Anthony |date=2 September 2014 |title=Ben Arfa Joins Hull On Loan |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902140639/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin abokin wasansa na farko Abel Hernández a minti 11 na ƙarshe na wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . Amma a watan Disamba na 2014, Ben Arfa ya bar Ingila ba zato ba tsammani, inda kocin Hull Steve Bruce daga baya ya yarda cewa bai san inda dan wasan yake ba kuma aikinsa da Hull ya bayyana ya ƙare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudd |first=Alyson |date=15 December 2014 |title=I have no idea where Hatem Ben Arfa is, says Steve Bruce |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/i-have-no-idea-where-hatem-ben-arfa-is-says-steve-bruce-vqc8tjv5xx3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215190523/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/premierleague/article4297164.ece |archive-date=15 December 2014 |access-date=15 December 2014 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya bar kwantiraginsa da Newcastle United. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2015 |title=Ben Arfa Contract Terminated |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105065802/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |archive-date=5 January 2015 |access-date=4 January 2015 |website=Newcastle United}}</ref> === Mai kyau === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_Nice.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa a lokacin da yake tare da Nice, 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da kungiyar Nice ta Ligue 1, inda ya ce "Ko da Real Madrid ta kira ni a wannan lokacin, na yanke shawara." Ya ce ya koma Faransa ne saboda "Akwai mutanen da ke nan da suka amince da ni, waɗanda ba sa yi mini hukunci kamar yadda wasu mutane ke son yi mini hukunci ta hanyar manema labarai." <ref name="BBC Sport 2015" /> Ben Arfa ba zai cancanci buga wa ƙungiyar wasa ba, saboda dokar da ta ce ɗan wasa zai iya buga wa ƙungiyoyi biyu wasa kawai a kakar wasa ɗaya, bayan ya riga ya buga wa Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa taron manema labarai cewa an dakatar da kwangilarsa da Nice, amma a ranar 9 ga Yuni, Nice za ta sake daukar Ben Arfa a farkon kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2015-16 . Ben Arfa ya fara buga wa Nice wasa da Monaco a wasan farko na Ligue 1 na kakar wasa ta Nice a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015 a Allianz Riviera . Bayan kwana bakwai, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a sabuwar kungiyarsa a wasan da suka yi da Troyes daga bugun fenariti a wasan Ligue 1 na biyu da Nice ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kare da ci 3-3. A wasan da Nice za ta buga na gaba a gasar Ligue 1 a ranar 22 ga Agusta, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Caen da ci 2-1. === Paris Saint-Germain === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016, a tsakiyar rahotannin da ke cewa akwai sha'awar da ake yi wa dan wasan daga ko'ina cikin Turai bayan kakar wasa da ya zura kwallaye 18 a wasanni 37 da ya buga wa Nice, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Paris Saint-Germain, bayan kwantiraginsa ya kare a Nice. A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2016, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a wasansa na farko a PSG, inda ya zura kwallo a minti na 34 a wasan da suka doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Lyon da ci 4-1 a gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2016. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2017, Ben Arfa ya zira kwallo yayin da ya taimaka wa wasu kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 4-0 a zagaye na 32 na gasar Coupe de France ta 2016-17 . A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya samu damar fara wasa mai wahala (kafin ya zama na tara a kakar wasa ta bana) kuma ya zura kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wa [[Javier Pastore]] a wasan da suka doke Avranches da ci 4-0 a waje a wasan kusa da na karshe na Coupe de France; wannan shi ne wasan karshe na gasar da Ben Arfa ya buga wa PSG a kakar wasa ta 2016-17 . Bayan ya kasa buga wasa ɗaya tilo a gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, ya bar ƙungiyar bayan da kwangilarsa ta kare a watan Yunin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2018 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa – how ex-Newcastle United's star dream move to PSG turned into a nightmare |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910135818/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |archive-date=10 September 2020 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=ChronicleLive |language=en}}</ref> === Rennes === A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2018, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Rennes. A ranar 20 ga Satumba, Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a gasar Europa League a wasan da suka doke Jablonec da ci 2-1 a gida, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu; ya buga wasansa na farko tun daga ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2017, inda ya zura kwallon karshe daga bugun fenariti a minti na 91. A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallon ƙarshe a minti na 77 (wasansa na farko a Ligue 1 a rayuwarsa ga Rennes) bayan da ƙwallon da ya ci a minti na 14 ta taimaka wa ƙwallon da Damien Da Silva ya ci a wasan da suka doke Monaco da ci 2-1 a waje. A ranar 8 ga Disamba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a minti na 89 bayan ya kafa kwallon da Benjamin Bourigeaud ya ci a wasan da suka doke Dijon da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 1 a gida. A ranar 27 ga Afrilun 2019, Ben Arfa ya lashe gasar Coupe de France yayin da Rennes ta doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Paris Saint-Germain a wasan karshe da bugun fanareti. === Real Valladolid === A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2020, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu da kulob din [[La Liga]] na Real Valladolid kan kwantiragin watanni shida. Ya zaɓi rigar lamba 3, wacce ba kasafai ake ganinta a matsayin rigar da aka saba gani ba ga wani mahari, kuma ya bayyana zaɓinsa ta hanyar cewa "a jikin rigar, tana da kyau". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Godefroy |first=Greg |date=31 January 2022 |title=Ben Arfa justifie son choix de porter le numéro 3 à Valladolid et c'est magique |trans-title=Ben Arfa justifies his choice to wear the number 3 at Valladolid and it's magical |url=https://www.mouv.fr/sport/football/mercato-ben-arfa-justifie-son-choix-de-porter-le-numero-3-valladolid-et-c-est-magique-357505 |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Mouv']] |language=fr}}</ref> Duk da haka, wasanninsa sun kasa shawo kan sa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2020 |title=Valladolid: another complicated evening for Hatem Ben Arfa … |url=https://kenyannews.co.ke/sports/football/valladolid-another-complicated-evening-for-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=KenyanNews}}</ref> kuma bayan wasanni biyar kacal, ya bar ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=999 Hatem Ben Arfa |url=https://www.oncloudseven.com/999-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=On Cloud Seven}}</ref> === Bordeaux === A ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2020, Ben Arfa ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ligue 1 ta Bordeaux kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba a wasan da suka yi da tsohuwar kungiyarsa ta Rennes. Ben Arfa ya ji daɗin "farko mai kyau a kakar wasa ta bana", inda ya zira kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye biyar a shekarar 2020 tare da Bordeaux. Duk da haka, ya sha wahala a rabin kakar wasa na biyu, wanda ya fuskanci raunuka da matsaloli a ɗakin canza kaya tare da wasu abokan wasansa, musamman tare da kyaftin [[Laurent Koscielny]] . <ref name="Jacquot 2021">{{Cite web |last=Jacquot |first=Guillaume |date=4 April 2021 |title=Entre Ben Arfa et Bordeaux, rien ne va plus ! |trans-title=Between Ben Arfa and Bordeaux, nothing is going well! |url=https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225805/https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Sports.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Haka kuma dangantaka ta yi tsami tsakaninsa da manaja Jean-Louis Gasset . <ref name="Jacquot 2021" /> A ranar 26 ga Mayu 2021, daraktan wasanni Alain Roche ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa zai bar kungiyar bayan karshen kwantiraginsa. Ya bayyana cewa zabin karin shekara guda da ke cikin yarjejeniyar Ben Arfa "an yi shi ne bisa ka'idojin wasanni" wadanda ba a cika ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2021 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa is leaving Bordeaux |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819155701/https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> === Lille === A ranar 19 ga Janairu 2022, Ben Arfa ya koma kungiyar Lille mai rike da kambun Ligue 1 a kan kwantiragin watanni shida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=Lille sign midfielder Ben Arfa on free transfer |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/lille-sign-midfielder-ben-arfa-free-transfer-2446056 |access-date=21 January 2022 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Brest ta doke su da ci 2-0 bayan kwana uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Marseille up to second as Ben Arfa debuts for Lille |url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/sport/american-football/marseille-up-to-second-as-ben-arfa-debuts-for-lille/ar-AAT2FNz?li=BB12IW4j |access-date=22 February 2022 |publisher=[[MSN]]}}</ref> A wasansa na farko da ''Les Dogues'' ta fara a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya ci gaba da taimakawa wajen zura kwallon da [[Sven Botman]] ya ci a wasan da PSG ta sha kashi da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonn |first=Kyle |date=6 February 2022 |title=PSG at Lille result: Messi, Mbappe score as PSG routs Jonathan David and Lille 5-1 |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/psg-lille-live-score-highlights-lionel-messi-jonathan-david/ucv3tih8urzcbjnyssm9iuji |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Sporting News]]}}</ref> A farkon watan Afrilu, an dakatar da Ben Arfa daga tawagar Lille bayan wata takaddama mai zafi da kocinta Jocelyn Gourvennec bayan kunnen doki 0-0 da Bordeaux. <ref name="GFFN 2022">{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa suspended and set to be sacked by Lille following row with manager |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2022/hatem-ben-arfa-suspended-and-set-to-be-sacked-by-lille-following-row-with-manager/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya soki yadda aka kafa kungiyar, kuma ya shaida wa Gourvennec cewa "wannan ba Guingamp ba ce", kungiyar da ya horar a baya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Callaghan |first=Rory |date=8 April 2022 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa Set To Be Sacked By Lille After Dressing Room Row With Manager Jocelyn Gourvennec |url=https://www.sportbible.com/football/hatem-ben-arfa-to-be-sacked-by-lille-after-dressing-room-row-20220408 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[SPORTbible]]}}</ref> Daga baya ya zagi shugaban Gourvennec da Lille Olivier Létang a wani labari da ya wallafa [[Instagram|a shafinsa na Instagram]], inda ya kira su "masu karkacewa", kalmar da Gourvennec ya yi amfani da ita a farkon wannan rana. <ref name="GFFN 2022" /> Gourvennec ya amsa a wani taron manema labarai cewa "bai taɓa ganin hakan ba a duk tsawon rayuwarsa", yana mai nuni da halayen Ben Arfa marasa kyau a ɗakin shiryawa bayan wasan. <ref name="GFFN 2022" /> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Ben Arfa ya samu damar buga wasa a dukkan kungiyoyin matasan Faransa . Tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, ya buga wasanni goma yana zura kwallaye bakwai. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a gasar cin kofin Aegean ta shekarar 2003 da aka yi a Turkiyya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 12 ga Janairu a wasan da suka doke Belgium da ci 3-2. Nasarar ta tabbatar wa Faransa ta zo ta uku a gasar. A gasar Montaigu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallaye shida a raga a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka fi kowa zura kwallaye a raga. Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Gabon da ci 8-0 a wasan farko. A wasan da ya biyo baya, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a wasan da kungiyar ta doke Rasha da ci 3-0, kuma a wasan karshe na rukuni, ya sake zura kwallo biyu a wasan da suka doke Ingila da ci 3-1. Ya kammala gasar da zira kwallo a wasan ƙarshe da Italiya, duk da cewa Faransa ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 5-1. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a wasan farko na kakar wasa da Sweden inda ya zura kwallaye uku a ragar rabin farko a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 5-2. A gasar Tournio de Val-de-Marne, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallaye biyu yayin da Faransa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ba tare da an zura mata kwallo ko daya ba. A gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2004, Ben Arfa, tare da abokan wasansa [[Samir Nasri]], Benzema, da Jérémy Menez sun ba da gudummawa wajen lashe gasar. Ben Arfa ya buga dukkan wasanni biyar kuma ya zura kwallaye a ragar Arewacin Ireland, Turkiyya da Portugal . Jimilla da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, ya buga wasanni 17 kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a cikin ƙungiyar. Saboda ƙaruwar lokacin da yake bugawa tare da Lyon, Ben Arfa ya rasa wani muhimmin lokaci na wasa tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 . Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Maris 2005, inda ya buga wasa da Jamus a wasan da suka tashi 3-3. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni uku na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don ƙungiyar ta kawo jimillar bayyanarsa zuwa huɗu. Bai zura kwallo ba. 'Yan wasan Ben Arfa, Nasri, Benzema, da Menez sun koma buga wasa tare a ƙasashen waje don 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 . An haɗu da Issiar Dia, Blaise Matuidi, da Serge Gakpé tare da su, da nufin lashe gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2006 . A zagayen farko na cancantar shiga gasar, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a wasan farko da Wales yayin da Faransa ta tsallake zagayen ba tare da an doke ta ba. Saboda raunin da ya samu, Ben Arfa bai halarci zagaye na ƙarshe na cancantar shiga gasar ba, kuma duk da rashin nasara a zagayen, Faransa ta sha kashi a hannun Scotland a kan maki. Ben Arfa ya buga wasa sau ɗaya kawai a gasar tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasa a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 da Romania a shekarar 2009. === Babban ɗalibi === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_v_England_2015.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa yana bugawa Faransa wasa a shekarar 2015]] Kafin ya wakilci Faransa, Ben Arfa ya cancanci wakiltar Tunisia kuma an ba shi gurbi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2006, wadda aka gudanar a Jamus. Kamar Sami Khedira, ya ƙi karɓar wannan damar, inda ya fi son ci gaba da aikinsa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa. An gayyaci Ben Arfa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan ƙungiyar a karon farko a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2007 ta hannun Raymond Domenech domin maye gurbin [[Louis Laurent Saha|Louis Saha]] da ya ji rauni, kuma ya buga wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2008 da Faroe Islands da Lithuania . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2007 |title=Ben Arfa gets call ahead of Trezeguet |url=http://www.frenchleague.com/ligue1/lireArticle.asp?idArticle=8970 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012091926/http://www.frenchleague.com/ligue1/lireArticle.asp?idArticle=8970 |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=11 May 2008 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]]}}</ref> Wannan matakin ya ba masu sukar Domenech mamaki yayin da suke tsammanin ɗan wasan gaba [[David Trezeguet]] zai samu gayyata. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba lokacin da ya shigo wasa a madadin Franck Ribéry a minti na 64 kuma ya zura kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Faransa ta doke tsibirin Faroe da ci 6-0. Duk da haka, an cire Ben Arfa daga cikin tawagar Domenech mai 'yan wasa 23 a gasar Euro 2008 a ranar 28 ga Mayu. A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2010, bayan dogon lokaci ba tare da an kira shi ba, Ben Arfa ya koma ƙungiyar, tare da abokan wasansa Steve Mandanda da Benoît Cheyrou, bayan an kira su don buga wasan sada zumunta da Faransa za ta yi da Spain a ranar 3 ga Maris. A ranar 11 ga Mayu, Domenech ya sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa 30 na farko da za su buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010, amma bai samu shiga zagaye na karshe na 23 ba. Bayan ya shafe kusan shekaru biyu ba tare da wakiltar Faransa a gasar cin kofin duniya ba, a ranar 5 ga Agusta 2010, sabon kocin kungiyar [[Laurent Blanc]] ya kira Ben Arfa a matsayin babban kocin kungiyar a wasan sada zumunta da za su yi da Norway a ranar 11 ga Agusta 2010. Ben Arfa ya dawo cikin tawagar a wasan, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Mousa Sissoko|Moussa Sissoko]] a lokacin hutun rabin lokaci. Ya zura kwallon farko a wasan a wasan da aka doke su da ci 2-1. A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2012, Ben Arfa ya shiga cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 na Faransa da za su fafata a gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA 2012, inda ya fara wasa a wasan karshe na rukunin D, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Sweden da ci 2-0. A ranar 12 ga Mayu 2016, an sanya Ben Arfa a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su buga wa Faransa gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA Euro 2016. == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Ben Arfa a yankin Clamart da ke birnin Paris kuma ya girma a Châtenay-Malabry . Mahaifinsa, Kamel Ben Arfa, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya, ya isa Faransa a shekarar 1973, inda ya zauna a Saint-Michel, Aisne don yin aiki a wani kamfanin yin ƙera kadarori . Daga baya ya yi fice a wani kulob na gida a cikin garin. Ben Arfa ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Musulmi mai matsakaicin aiki. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|hatem-ben-arfa/1588}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=La carriere de Hatem BEN ARFA |url=http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/index.asp?no_joueur=106097&page=carriere |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426075846/http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/index.asp?no_joueur=106097 |archive-date=26 April 2009 |access-date=16 August 2010 |website=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]]}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup ! colspan="2" |League cup ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Lyon |2004–05 |[[Ligue 1]] |9 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 |4 |0 |0 |0 |14 |1 |- |2005–06 |Ligue 1 |12 |0 |2 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |1 |16 |2 |- |2006–07 |Ligue 1 |13 |1 |3 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |19 |1 |- |2007–08 |Ligue 1 |30 |6 |3 |0 |1 |0 |8 |2 |1 |0 |43 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !64 !7 !8 !1 !3 !1 !14 !2 !3 !1 !92 !12 |- | rowspan="4" |Marseille |2008–09 |Ligue 1 |33 |6 |1 |0 |1 |0 |13 |2 | colspan="2" |— |48 |8 |- |2009–10 |Ligue 1 |29 |3 |1 |1 |4 |0 |7 |3 | colspan="2" |— |41 |7 |- |2010–11 |Ligue 1 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !63 !9 !2 !1 !5 !0 !20 !5 !1 !0 !91 !15 |- |[[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] (loan) |2010–11 |[[Premier League]] |4 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |1 |- | rowspan="4" |Newcastle United |2011–12 |Premier League |26 |5 |2 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |6 |- |2012–13 |Premier League |19 |4 |0 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |22 |4 |- |2013–14 |Premier League |27 |3 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !76 !13 !3 !1 !4 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !86 !14 |- |Hull City (loan) |2014–15 |Premier League |8 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- |Nice |2015–16 |Ligue 1 |34 |17 |1 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |37 |18 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Paris Saint-Germain]] |2016–17 |Ligue 1 |23 |0 |3 |3 |2 |0 |3 |0 |1 |1 |32 |4 |- |2017–18 |Ligue 1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !23 !0 !3 !3 !2 !0 !3 !0 !1 !1 !32 !4 |- |Rennes |2018–19 |Ligue 1 |26 |7 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9 |2 |0 |0 |41 |9 |- |Real Valladolid |2019–20 |[[La Liga]] |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- |Bordeaux |2020–21 |Ligue 1 |24 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |25 |2 |- |Lille |2021–22 |Ligue 1 |7 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !330 !55 !22 !7 !19 !1 !51 !9 !5 !2 !427 !74 |} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta zura da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="9" | Faransa | 2007 | 4 | 1 |- | 2008 | 3 | 0 |- | 2009 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2010 | 1 | 1 |- | 2011 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2012 | 5 | 0 |- | 2013 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2014 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2015 | 2 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 15 ! 2 |} ''Sakamakon maki da sakamakon sun nuna adadin kwallayen da Faransa ta ci a farko.'' {| class="wikitable" align="center" |+Jerin kwallayen da Hatem Ben Arfa ya ci a wasannin kasa da kasa ! A'a. ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar ! Ref. |- | align="center" | 1 | 13 Oktoba 2007 | Torsvøllur, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |{{Fb|FRO}} | align="center" | '''6''' – 0 | align="center" | 6–0 | Wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 | <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2007 |title=Henry celebrates in France romp |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/0254-0d7bae4172b3-2d33d58312f8-1000--henry-celebrates-in-france-romp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630005615/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=2008/matches/round=2241/match=83995/postmatch/report/index.html |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=16 December 2014 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 2 | 11 Agusta 2010 | Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway |{{Fb|NOR}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | align="center" | 1–2 | Aboki | <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2010 |title=Further woe for Les Bleus |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/211512/report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216114348/http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/211512/report |archive-date=16 December 2014 |access-date=16 December 2014 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> |} == Daraja == '''Lyon''' <ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|hatem-ben-arfa/1588}}</ref> * [[Ligue 1]] : 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08 * Coupe de France : 2007–08 * Trophée des Champions : 2005, 2006, 2007 * Ligue 1: 2009–10 * Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai : 2009–10 * Gasar Zakarun Turai: 2010 '''Paris Saint-Germain''' <ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|hatem-ben-arfa/1588}}</ref> * Coupe de France: 2016–17 * Gasar cin kofin League: 2016–17 * Gasar Zakarun Turai: 2016 '''Rennes''' * Coupe de France: 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2019 |title=Coupe de France winner in Rennes |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Coupe-de-france-les-chiffres-de-l-exploit-de-rennes-contre-le-psg-en-finale/1013484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427230844/https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Coupe-de-france-les-chiffres-de-l-exploit-de-rennes-contre-le-psg-en-finale/1013484 |archive-date=27 April 2019 |access-date=28 April 2019 |website=L'Équipe}}</ref> '''<nowiki/>'Yan ƙasa da shekara 17 na Faransa''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2004 <ref>{{UEFA player|93320}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Matashin ɗan wasan shekara na UNFP Ligue 1 : 2007–08 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Les Trophées UNFP du football |trans-title=The UNFP trophies |url=http://www.unfp.org/unfp/ce-que-nous-faisons/les-trophees-unfp-du-football.html?print=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506031851/http://www.unfp.org/unfp/ce-que-nous-faisons/les-trophees-unfp-du-football.html?print=1 |archive-date=6 May 2010 |access-date=16 December 2014 |publisher=[[National Union of Professional Footballers|UNFP]] |language=fr}}</ref> * Ɗan wasan UNFP na Ligue 1 na Watan : Fabrairu 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2010 |title=Ben Arfa a reçu son trophée de meilleur joueur de L1 de février |trans-title=Ben Arfa received his trophy for best player in L1 in February |url=http://www.om.net/fr/Saison/101002/Actualites/45878/Ben_Arfa_a_recu_son_trophee_de_meilleur_joueur_de_L1_de_fevrier |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216114448/http://www.om.net/fr/Saison/101002/Actualites/45878/Ben_Arfa_a_recu_son_trophee_de_meilleur_joueur_de_L1_de_fevrier |archive-date=16 December 2014 |access-date=16 December 2014 |website=Olympique de Marseille |language=fr}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar UNFP Ligue 1 ta Shekara : 2015–16 <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2016 |title=Ligue 1 Team of the Year 2016- UNFP Team of the Season 2015/16 |url=http://frenchfootballdaily.com/2016/05/ligue-1-team-of-the-year-2016-unfp-team-of-the-season-201516 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709040141/http://frenchfootballdaily.com/2016/05/ligue-1-team-of-the-year-2016-unfp-team-of-the-season-201516/ |archive-date=9 July 2016 |access-date=8 July 2016 |publisher=France Football}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Al'amarin Zahia]] == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Hatem Ben Arfa at the French Football Federation (in French) * {{UEFA player}} * {{FIFA player}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nkmguvcmbzq02ysenp98q5gol73fcpo 887809 887808 2026-07-26T16:40:45Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 887809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. Bayan tafiyar 'yan wasan gefe Florent Malouda da [[Sylvain Wiltord]], sabon kocin kungiyar Alain Perrin ya fi son tsarin 4-3-3 na zamani, sannan ya mayar da Ben Arfa zuwa bangaren hagu na kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ben Arfa ya saba da matsayin da sauri kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Metz da ci 5-1 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, kodayake wasansa ya sha bamban da na Benzema. Ana iya cewa mafi kyawun wasansa a cikin rigar Lyon ya faru ne a cikin kwanaki 12, inda ya buga wasan lig a ranar 28 ga Oktoba da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wasan Zakarun Turai da kungiyar Jamus VfB Stuttgart a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a kowanne wasa, sakamakon duka biyun ya kasance na goyon bayan Lyon. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada shi a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasa (UNFP). Duk da jita-jitar rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Benzema, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon a watan Maris na 2008 har zuwa 2010. Duk da haka, aikinsa a Lyon ya gamu da cikas bayan ya shiga cikin rikicin horo da Sébastien Squillaci . === Marseille === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_vs_Matthieu_Chalmé_(GB).jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Ara in the Coupe de la Ligue|right|thumb|249x249px| Ben Arfa ya fafata da mai tsaron bayan Bordeaux Matthieu Chalmé]] Duk da rahotannin da ke cewa kungiyoyin Ingila kamar [[Everton FC|Everton]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] na son sayen dan wasan, jita-jitar komawa abokiyar hamayyarta Marseille ta fara bayyana. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2008, Lyon ta tabbatar da cewa an soke shirin komawa Marseille a yanzu. Duk da haka, Ben Arfa ya tabbatar wa jaridar ''La Provence'' ta gida a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni cewa ya sanya hannu a kulob din da ke gabar tekun kudu kuma ba zai koma Lyon don atisayen kafin kakar wasa ba washegari. Daga baya ''La Provence'' ta ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya rasa horo a Lyon a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da manufarsa. Ben Arfa ya koma Marseille a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2008 kan Yuro 12.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na gaba da za a haɗa daga baya, bayan an cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Marseille da Lyon a wani taro da Ligue de Football Professionals ta shirya. Sakamakon rashin jituwa kan canja wurin ɗan wasan, a watan Disamba na 2008, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa jaridar [[Lyon]] ta gida ''Le Progrès'' cewa tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ba ta da aji kuma ba ƙungiya ce mai kyau ba. An gabatar da Ben Arfa ga manema labarai kuma ya yi atisayensa na farko tare da kulob din a ranar. An ba shi riga mai lamba 20. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, Ben Arfa ya sake shiga cikin wani rikici a lokacin atisaye, a wannan karon da dan wasan gaba kuma dan wasan Faransa [[Djibril cisse|Djibril Cissé]] . Daga baya Cissé ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a matsayin aro. Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da Rennes. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ''Les Marseille'' a wannan wasan. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 11 na farko da ya buga. Duk da haka, suna da yake da shi na takaddama ya ci gaba da damunsa lokacin da ya shiga wata takaddama, a wannan karon tare da ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|ƙasa da ƙasa na Kamaru]] [[Modeste M'bami]] a lokacin wani zaman ɗumama jiki kafin wasan da ƙungiyar za ta yi da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Dole ne Ronald Zubar ya raba su biyun. Rigima ta sake tashi bayan rashin nasara da Marseille da ci 4-2 a hannun abokan hamayyar ''Le Classique'' Paris-Saint Germain. Ya fusata daga kocin Eric Gerets bayan kin barin benci don ya huta. Daga baya Ben Arfa ya ce ya ji rauni sosai wanda hakan ya sa Gerets ba shi da daɗi, amma daga baya ya nemi afuwa ga manema labarai da kuma Gerets da kansa. Bayan dawowarsa cikin tawagar, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa a zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-1. [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_et_la_Coupe_de_la_Ligue.jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Arfa and Stéphane M'Bia|left|thumb|248x248px| Ben Arfa yana bikin Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 tare da Mamadou Niang]] Ben Arfa ya canza rigarsa mai lamba 10 a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Grenoble da ci 2-0 a waje, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 68. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a karawar da Lille ta yi da Lille kuma ya taimaka wa Brandão ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara. Sai dai cece-kuce ya sake tasowa, lokacin da a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2009, aka ci Ben Arfa tarar Yuro 10,000 saboda rashin halartar atisaye. Ben Arfa ya dora alhakin rashin zuwa filin jirgin sama kan jinkirin da aka samu yayin da yake a Tunisia yana ziyartar 'yan uwa a lokacin hutun kasa da kasa. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, ya shiga takaddama mai zafi da kocinsa [[Didier Deschamps]] a lokacin wani horo, wanda daga baya Ben Arfa ya nemi afuwa. A ƙarƙashin Deschamps a farkon rabin kakar wasa, Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni 15 daga cikin 20 na ƙungiyar a gasar lig kuma ya buga mintuna 90 kacal a wasanni biyu, rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Monaco da kuma rashin nasara 2-0 a hannun Auxerre . Wasan Ben Arfa a kakar wasa ta 2010 ya jawo yabo daga Deschamps da daraktan wasanni José Anigo . A ranar 10 ga Janairun 2010, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a kan kungiyar 'yan wasan Trélissac a gasar Coupe de France . Bayan wata guda, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Marseille ta samu a kan Valenciennes da ci 5-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallon farko da Lucho González ya zura. <ref name="Schuber 2010" /> Daga baya a wannan watan, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a waje a wasan farko na gasar UEFA Europa League da kungiyar Copenhagen ta Denmark. A wasan dawowa a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya sake jefa kwallo, inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 43. Marseille ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 3-1, kuma jimillar kwallaye 6-2. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Paris Saint-Germain da ci 3-0. An tabbatar da rawar da Ben Arfa ya taka a watan Fabrairu lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan UNFP na wata . Marseille ta lashe dukkan wasannin gasar guda hudu da kungiyar ta fafata da su, inda Ben Arfa ya fara wasan. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya ci bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 3-0. Nasarar ta sanya ƙungiyar a saman tebur, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa a can har tsawon sauran kakar wasa kuma sun lashe gasar a ranar 5 ga Mayu da nasara 3-1 a kan Rennes. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan. A ranar 22 ga Yuli 2010, rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kulob din Ingila [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na neman sayen Ben Arfa. Bayan an yi masa tambayoyi, manajan Newcastle Chris Hughton ya musanta rahotannin. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, wakilin Ben Arfa ya bayyana cewa Newcastle tana sha'awar dan wasan, tare da kungiyoyin Jamus Hoffenheim da Werder Bremen, kungiyar [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] ta Turkiyya, da kuma kungiyar Italiya AC Milan . A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, ana tattaunawa kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zabin mayar da shi na dindindin tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu; duk da haka, ba a iya cimma kudin aro na yarjejeniyar ba inda Newcastle ta bayar da fam 650,000; £350,000 kasa da abin da Marseille ke so. A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, shugaban Marseille Jean-Claude Dassier ya sanar da cewa Ben Arfa ba zai koma Newcastle ba, har ma ya ce ba a yi tayin da kulob din ya yi masa ba. Kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin da ya bar Lyon, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ga sanarwar ta hanyar shaida wa jaridar wasanni ta Faransa ''L'Équipe'' cewa ba zai koma La Commanderie ba, cibiyar horar da Marseille, kuma ba zai buga wasa da kungiyar ba har tsawon kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dangantakarsa da Deschamps ta yi tsami kuma ba za a iya gyara ta ba. Ben Arfa ya tabbatar da niyyarsa ta hanyar tafiya zuwa [[Newcastle|Newcastle a kan Tyne]], ba tare da izini ba, tare da fatan Newcastle da Marseille za su cimma yarjejeniya. Bayan ya koma Marseille, ya rasa horo da dama tare da ƙungiyar iyayensa, kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga tawagar 'yan wasan ranar wasan don wasanni biyu da suka yi da Valenciennes da Lorient . Daga baya aka bai wa sabon dan wasan da aka sayo André-Pierre Gignac lamba 10 ta Ben Arfa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa an kusa canja wurinsa. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, shawarar komawa Werder Bremen ta gaza cimma nasara bayan da daraktan wasanni na kulob din Klaus Allofs ya bayyana cewa kulob din ba ya sha'awar Ben Arfa, duk da rahotannin da ke cewa Werder Bremen ta bai wa Marseille kudin musayar 'yan wasa na €8.&nbsp;miliyan. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Dassier ya tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya cimma yarjejeniya kan kudin aro da Newcastle don daukar Ben Arfa, inda yarjejeniyar sirri ita ce kawai abin da ke kawo cikas a yarjejeniyar. Marseille ta amince ta biya £2&nbsp;kudin lamuni na miliyan daya. Newcastle za ta sake biyan Marseille £5.&nbsp;miliyan idan Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni 25 a kulob a kakar wasa ta 2010-11, wanda hakan zai sa canja wurin ya zama na dindindin. === Newcastle United === A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2010, Ben Arfa ya amince da yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da Newcastle, kuma washegari, kulob din ya tabbatar da cewa ya dauki Ben Arfa a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2010, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Blackpool ta doke su da ci 2-0 a gida. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Newcastle a cikakken wasansa na farko a ranar 18 ga Satumba a wasan da suka doke Everton da ci 1-0. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa ta hagu yayin da yake buga wasa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a gasar [[Premier League|lig]] . Raunin ya faru ne sakamakon bugun da dan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Nigel de Jong ya yi masa. A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2011, Marseille da Newcastle duk sun tabbatar a shafukan yanar gizon su cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don canja wurin Ben Arfa zuwa Newcastle na dindindin tare da ɗan wasan ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu da rabi. Ba a bayyana kudin canja wurin ba. Ben Arfa ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin gyaran jikinsa a birninsa na Paris yana murmurewa a makarantar Clairefontaine . A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, kocin Newcastle Alan Pardew ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa yana takara kuma zai iya komawa cikin tawagar a watan Afrilu. Duk da haka, bayan kwanaki, Pardew ya bayyana cewa bai shirya yin gaggawar gyaran dan wasan ba kuma wataƙila Ben Arfa ba zai kasance a wurin ba har sai watan Mayu, yana mai cewa "Zan kare shi. Ba zan iya jefa shi a ciki kawai ba". Ben Arfa ya koma atisaye tare da Newcastle a ranar 5 ga Afrilu. Ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen motsa jiki gaba ɗaya tare da ƙungiyar farko, amma ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin horon yana yin motsa jiki mai sauƙi da motsa jiki. Ben Arfa ya kasa sake buga wasa da ƙungiyar a kakar wasa ta 2010-11. Bayan ya ci gaba da murmurewa a lokacin bazara, kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Ben Arfa ya fara shiga wasannin sada zumunci da babbar kungiyar. Ya dawo ƙungiyar a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2011 a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar Conference National Club Darlington . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a rangadin da ƙungiyar ta yi a Amurka na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, ya samu rauni a idon sawunsa a wasan da suka yi da Sporting Kansas City . Ben Arfa ya yi ƙoƙarin komawa ƙasarsa ta haihuwa don ya murmure raunin sannan ya koma Newcastle a ranar 18 ga Satumba. Daga baya, an nada shi cikin ƙungiyar farko da za ta fafata a wasan cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar da [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] a ranar 21 ga Satumba. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka yi da Nottingham Forest, inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya dawo gasar Premier, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Blackburn Rovers da ci 3-1. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 2011, bayan ya yi amfani da mafi yawan lokutan kaka ba tare da ya zura kwallo ba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Bolton da ci 2-0. A ranar 7 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a ragar Newcastle a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Blackburn Rovers. Kwallon da ''BBC Sport'' ta bayyana a matsayin "mai ban mamaki", ta tashi kunnen doki 1-1, kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 22 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallo a wasan da Newcastle ta sha kashi a hannun Fulham da ci 5-2 a filin wasa na Craven Cottage. Watanni biyu bayan haka, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da Newcastle ta buga da Arsenal a gasar Premier. Duk da haka, masu masaukin baki sun yi nasara a wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 25 ga Maris, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa sauran kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke West Brom da ci 3-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar Litinin ta Ista, Ben Arfa ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Bolton Wanderers. Kwallon, wadda mujallar Birtaniya mai suna ''The Independent'' ta bayyana a matsayin "lokacin baiwa" ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani, yayin da aka ba shi kwallon a tsakiyar rabin nasa, ya ci gaba da juyawa ya wuce 'yan wasan Bolton guda 4, yana nuna iko mai ban mamaki wajen yin hakan, sannan ya wuce mai tsaron gidan Bolton Ádám Bogdán, kwallon ita ce ta bude kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-0. Duk da rashin nasarar da aka samu a wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai (Euro 2012), Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a gasar Premier. A ƙarshen makon farko na kakar wasa, ya yi nasara kuma ya buga bugun fenariti wanda ya bai wa Newcastle nasara a kan Tottenham da ci 2-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci kwallo da bugun yadi 25 mai ban mamaki, a ƙafarsa ta dama mai rauni, wanda hakan ya sa Newcastle ta samu maki a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Aston Villa. Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a wasan Europa League da Marítimo, ya dawo a wasan da Fulham ta sha kashi da ci 2-1, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Newcastle ta ci. Duk da haka, ya ƙara ta'azzara raunin a lokacin wasan, kuma bai buga wasa ba sai a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013 (shekararsa ta 26), a wasan zagaye na 16 na gasar Europa League da Anzhi Makhachkala . Ya sake samun rauni a cinyarsa, wanda hakan ya hana shi shiga tawagar har zuwa zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da Benfica a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, lokacin da ya shigo a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu. A ranar 12 ga Mayu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon da ta ba Newcastle damar zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 a Loftus Road daga bugun fenariti, inda Newcastle ta tabbatar da matsayinta na Premier a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta 2013-14 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, inda ya tabbatar da nasarar farko da Newcastle ta samu a kakar wasa ta bana ta hanyar zura kwallo daya tilo a ragar Fulham, da kuma zura kwallo da kuma taimakawa a wasan da suka yi da Aston Villa. Kwallon da Ben Arfa ya ci ta uku a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne lokacin da ɗan wasan Faransa ya zura kwallo a bugun fenariti a wasan da suka buga da Crystal Palace a ƙarshen mako, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Newcastle ta yi nasara da ci 3-0. ==== Aron da aka bai wa Hull City ==== A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2014, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa Hull City na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Anthony |date=2 September 2014 |title=Ben Arfa Joins Hull On Loan |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902140639/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin abokin wasansa na farko Abel Hernández a minti 11 na ƙarshe na wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . Amma a watan Disamba na 2014, Ben Arfa ya bar Ingila ba zato ba tsammani, inda kocin Hull Steve Bruce daga baya ya yarda cewa bai san inda dan wasan yake ba kuma aikinsa da Hull ya bayyana ya ƙare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudd |first=Alyson |date=15 December 2014 |title=I have no idea where Hatem Ben Arfa is, says Steve Bruce |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/i-have-no-idea-where-hatem-ben-arfa-is-says-steve-bruce-vqc8tjv5xx3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215190523/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/premierleague/article4297164.ece |archive-date=15 December 2014 |access-date=15 December 2014 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya bar kwantiraginsa da Newcastle United. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2015 |title=Ben Arfa Contract Terminated |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105065802/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |archive-date=5 January 2015 |access-date=4 January 2015 |website=Newcastle United}}</ref> === Mai kyau === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_Nice.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa a lokacin da yake tare da Nice, 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da kungiyar Nice ta Ligue 1, inda ya ce "Ko da Real Madrid ta kira ni a wannan lokacin, na yanke shawara." Ya ce ya koma Faransa ne saboda "Akwai mutanen da ke nan da suka amince da ni, waɗanda ba sa yi mini hukunci kamar yadda wasu mutane ke son yi mini hukunci ta hanyar manema labarai." <ref name="BBC Sport 2015" /> Ben Arfa ba zai cancanci buga wa ƙungiyar wasa ba, saboda dokar da ta ce ɗan wasa zai iya buga wa ƙungiyoyi biyu wasa kawai a kakar wasa ɗaya, bayan ya riga ya buga wa Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa taron manema labarai cewa an dakatar da kwangilarsa da Nice, amma a ranar 9 ga Yuni, Nice za ta sake daukar Ben Arfa a farkon kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2015-16 . Ben Arfa ya fara buga wa Nice wasa da Monaco a wasan farko na Ligue 1 na kakar wasa ta Nice a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015 a Allianz Riviera . Bayan kwana bakwai, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a sabuwar kungiyarsa a wasan da suka yi da Troyes daga bugun fenariti a wasan Ligue 1 na biyu da Nice ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kare da ci 3-3. A wasan da Nice za ta buga na gaba a gasar Ligue 1 a ranar 22 ga Agusta, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Caen da ci 2-1. === Paris Saint-Germain === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016, a tsakiyar rahotannin da ke cewa akwai sha'awar da ake yi wa dan wasan daga ko'ina cikin Turai bayan kakar wasa da ya zura kwallaye 18 a wasanni 37 da ya buga wa Nice, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Paris Saint-Germain, bayan kwantiraginsa ya kare a Nice. A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2016, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a wasansa na farko a PSG, inda ya zura kwallo a minti na 34 a wasan da suka doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Lyon da ci 4-1 a gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2016. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2017, Ben Arfa ya zira kwallo yayin da ya taimaka wa wasu kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 4-0 a zagaye na 32 na gasar Coupe de France ta 2016-17 . A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya samu damar fara wasa mai wahala (kafin ya zama na tara a kakar wasa ta bana) kuma ya zura kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wa [[Javier Pastore]] a wasan da suka doke Avranches da ci 4-0 a waje a wasan kusa da na karshe na Coupe de France; wannan shi ne wasan karshe na gasar da Ben Arfa ya buga wa PSG a kakar wasa ta 2016-17 . Bayan ya kasa buga wasa ɗaya tilo a gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, ya bar ƙungiyar bayan da kwangilarsa ta kare a watan Yunin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2018 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa – how ex-Newcastle United's star dream move to PSG turned into a nightmare |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910135818/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |archive-date=10 September 2020 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=ChronicleLive |language=en}}</ref> === Rennes === A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2018, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Rennes. A ranar 20 ga Satumba, Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a gasar Europa League a wasan da suka doke Jablonec da ci 2-1 a gida, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu; ya buga wasansa na farko tun daga ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2017, inda ya zura kwallon karshe daga bugun fenariti a minti na 91. A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallon ƙarshe a minti na 77 (wasansa na farko a Ligue 1 a rayuwarsa ga Rennes) bayan da ƙwallon da ya ci a minti na 14 ta taimaka wa ƙwallon da Damien Da Silva ya ci a wasan da suka doke Monaco da ci 2-1 a waje. A ranar 8 ga Disamba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a minti na 89 bayan ya kafa kwallon da Benjamin Bourigeaud ya ci a wasan da suka doke Dijon da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 1 a gida. A ranar 27 ga Afrilun 2019, Ben Arfa ya lashe gasar Coupe de France yayin da Rennes ta doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Paris Saint-Germain a wasan karshe da bugun fanareti. === Real Valladolid === A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2020, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu da kulob din [[La Liga]] na Real Valladolid kan kwantiragin watanni shida. Ya zaɓi rigar lamba 3, wacce ba kasafai ake ganinta a matsayin rigar da aka saba gani ba ga wani mahari, kuma ya bayyana zaɓinsa ta hanyar cewa "a jikin rigar, tana da kyau". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Godefroy |first=Greg |date=31 January 2022 |title=Ben Arfa justifie son choix de porter le numéro 3 à Valladolid et c'est magique |trans-title=Ben Arfa justifies his choice to wear the number 3 at Valladolid and it's magical |url=https://www.mouv.fr/sport/football/mercato-ben-arfa-justifie-son-choix-de-porter-le-numero-3-valladolid-et-c-est-magique-357505 |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Mouv']] |language=fr}}</ref> Duk da haka, wasanninsa sun kasa shawo kan sa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2020 |title=Valladolid: another complicated evening for Hatem Ben Arfa … |url=https://kenyannews.co.ke/sports/football/valladolid-another-complicated-evening-for-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=KenyanNews}}</ref> kuma bayan wasanni biyar kacal, ya bar ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=999 Hatem Ben Arfa |url=https://www.oncloudseven.com/999-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=On Cloud Seven}}</ref> === Bordeaux === A ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2020, Ben Arfa ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ligue 1 ta Bordeaux kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba a wasan da suka yi da tsohuwar kungiyarsa ta Rennes. Ben Arfa ya ji daɗin "farko mai kyau a kakar wasa ta bana", inda ya zira kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye biyar a shekarar 2020 tare da Bordeaux. Duk da haka, ya sha wahala a rabin kakar wasa na biyu, wanda ya fuskanci raunuka da matsaloli a ɗakin canza kaya tare da wasu abokan wasansa, musamman tare da kyaftin [[Laurent Koscielny]] . <ref name="Jacquot 2021">{{Cite web |last=Jacquot |first=Guillaume |date=4 April 2021 |title=Entre Ben Arfa et Bordeaux, rien ne va plus ! |trans-title=Between Ben Arfa and Bordeaux, nothing is going well! |url=https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225805/https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Sports.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Haka kuma dangantaka ta yi tsami tsakaninsa da manaja Jean-Louis Gasset . <ref name="Jacquot 2021" /> A ranar 26 ga Mayu 2021, daraktan wasanni Alain Roche ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa zai bar kungiyar bayan karshen kwantiraginsa. Ya bayyana cewa zabin karin shekara guda da ke cikin yarjejeniyar Ben Arfa "an yi shi ne bisa ka'idojin wasanni" wadanda ba a cika ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2021 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa is leaving Bordeaux |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819155701/https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> === Lille === A ranar 19 ga Janairu 2022, Ben Arfa ya koma kungiyar Lille mai rike da kambun Ligue 1 a kan kwantiragin watanni shida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=Lille sign midfielder Ben Arfa on free transfer |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/lille-sign-midfielder-ben-arfa-free-transfer-2446056 |access-date=21 January 2022 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Brest ta doke su da ci 2-0 bayan kwana uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Marseille up to second as Ben Arfa debuts for Lille |url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/sport/american-football/marseille-up-to-second-as-ben-arfa-debuts-for-lille/ar-AAT2FNz?li=BB12IW4j |access-date=22 February 2022 |publisher=[[MSN]]}}</ref> A wasansa na farko da ''Les Dogues'' ta fara a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya ci gaba da taimakawa wajen zura kwallon da [[Sven Botman]] ya ci a wasan da PSG ta sha kashi da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonn |first=Kyle |date=6 February 2022 |title=PSG at Lille result: Messi, Mbappe score as PSG routs Jonathan David and Lille 5-1 |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/psg-lille-live-score-highlights-lionel-messi-jonathan-david/ucv3tih8urzcbjnyssm9iuji |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Sporting News]]}}</ref> A farkon watan Afrilu, an dakatar da Ben Arfa daga tawagar Lille bayan wata takaddama mai zafi da kocinta Jocelyn Gourvennec bayan kunnen doki 0-0 da Bordeaux. <ref name="GFFN 2022">{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa suspended and set to be sacked by Lille following row with manager |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2022/hatem-ben-arfa-suspended-and-set-to-be-sacked-by-lille-following-row-with-manager/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya soki yadda aka kafa kungiyar, kuma ya shaida wa Gourvennec cewa "wannan ba Guingamp ba ce", kungiyar da ya horar a baya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Callaghan |first=Rory |date=8 April 2022 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa Set To Be Sacked By Lille After Dressing Room Row With Manager Jocelyn Gourvennec |url=https://www.sportbible.com/football/hatem-ben-arfa-to-be-sacked-by-lille-after-dressing-room-row-20220408 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[SPORTbible]]}}</ref> Daga baya ya zagi shugaban Gourvennec da Lille Olivier Létang a wani labari da ya wallafa [[Instagram|a shafinsa na Instagram]], inda ya kira su "masu karkacewa", kalmar da Gourvennec ya yi amfani da ita a farkon wannan rana. <ref name="GFFN 2022" /> Gourvennec ya amsa a wani taron manema labarai cewa "bai taɓa ganin hakan ba a duk tsawon rayuwarsa", yana mai nuni da halayen Ben Arfa marasa kyau a ɗakin shiryawa bayan wasan. <ref name="GFFN 2022" /> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Ben Arfa ya samu damar buga wasa a dukkan kungiyoyin matasan Faransa . Tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, ya buga wasanni goma yana zura kwallaye bakwai. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a gasar cin kofin Aegean ta shekarar 2003 da aka yi a Turkiyya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 12 ga Janairu a wasan da suka doke Belgium da ci 3-2. Nasarar ta tabbatar wa Faransa ta zo ta uku a gasar. A gasar Montaigu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallaye shida a raga a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka fi kowa zura kwallaye a raga. Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Gabon da ci 8-0 a wasan farko. A wasan da ya biyo baya, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a wasan da kungiyar ta doke Rasha da ci 3-0, kuma a wasan karshe na rukuni, ya sake zura kwallo biyu a wasan da suka doke Ingila da ci 3-1. Ya kammala gasar da zira kwallo a wasan ƙarshe da Italiya, duk da cewa Faransa ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 5-1. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a wasan farko na kakar wasa da Sweden inda ya zura kwallaye uku a ragar rabin farko a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 5-2. A gasar Tournio de Val-de-Marne, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallaye biyu yayin da Faransa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ba tare da an zura mata kwallo ko daya ba. A gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2004, Ben Arfa, tare da abokan wasansa [[Samir Nasri]], Benzema, da Jérémy Menez sun ba da gudummawa wajen lashe gasar. Ben Arfa ya buga dukkan wasanni biyar kuma ya zura kwallaye a ragar Arewacin Ireland, Turkiyya da Portugal . Jimilla da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, ya buga wasanni 17 kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a cikin ƙungiyar. Saboda ƙaruwar lokacin da yake bugawa tare da Lyon, Ben Arfa ya rasa wani muhimmin lokaci na wasa tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 . Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Maris 2005, inda ya buga wasa da Jamus a wasan da suka tashi 3-3. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni uku na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don ƙungiyar ta kawo jimillar bayyanarsa zuwa huɗu. Bai zura kwallo ba. 'Yan wasan Ben Arfa, Nasri, Benzema, da Menez sun koma buga wasa tare a ƙasashen waje don 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 . An haɗu da Issiar Dia, Blaise Matuidi, da Serge Gakpé tare da su, da nufin lashe gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2006 . A zagayen farko na cancantar shiga gasar, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a wasan farko da Wales yayin da Faransa ta tsallake zagayen ba tare da an doke ta ba. Saboda raunin da ya samu, Ben Arfa bai halarci zagaye na ƙarshe na cancantar shiga gasar ba, kuma duk da rashin nasara a zagayen, Faransa ta sha kashi a hannun Scotland a kan maki. Ben Arfa ya buga wasa sau ɗaya kawai a gasar tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasa a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 da Romania a shekarar 2009. === Babban ɗalibi === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_v_England_2015.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa yana bugawa Faransa wasa a shekarar 2015]] Kafin ya wakilci Faransa, Ben Arfa ya cancanci wakiltar Tunisia kuma an ba shi gurbi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2006, wadda aka gudanar a Jamus. Kamar Sami Khedira, ya ƙi karɓar wannan damar, inda ya fi son ci gaba da aikinsa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa. An gayyaci Ben Arfa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan ƙungiyar a karon farko a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2007 ta hannun Raymond Domenech domin maye gurbin [[Louis Laurent Saha|Louis Saha]] da ya ji rauni, kuma ya buga wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2008 da Faroe Islands da Lithuania . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2007 |title=Ben Arfa gets call ahead of Trezeguet |url=http://www.frenchleague.com/ligue1/lireArticle.asp?idArticle=8970 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012091926/http://www.frenchleague.com/ligue1/lireArticle.asp?idArticle=8970 |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=11 May 2008 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]]}}</ref> Wannan matakin ya ba masu sukar Domenech mamaki yayin da suke tsammanin ɗan wasan gaba [[David Trezeguet]] zai samu gayyata. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba lokacin da ya shigo wasa a madadin Franck Ribéry a minti na 64 kuma ya zura kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Faransa ta doke tsibirin Faroe da ci 6-0. Duk da haka, an cire Ben Arfa daga cikin tawagar Domenech mai 'yan wasa 23 a gasar Euro 2008 a ranar 28 ga Mayu. A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2010, bayan dogon lokaci ba tare da an kira shi ba, Ben Arfa ya koma ƙungiyar, tare da abokan wasansa Steve Mandanda da Benoît Cheyrou, bayan an kira su don buga wasan sada zumunta da Faransa za ta yi da Spain a ranar 3 ga Maris. A ranar 11 ga Mayu, Domenech ya sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa 30 na farko da za su buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010, amma bai samu shiga zagaye na karshe na 23 ba. Bayan ya shafe kusan shekaru biyu ba tare da wakiltar Faransa a gasar cin kofin duniya ba, a ranar 5 ga Agusta 2010, sabon kocin kungiyar [[Laurent Blanc]] ya kira Ben Arfa a matsayin babban kocin kungiyar a wasan sada zumunta da za su yi da Norway a ranar 11 ga Agusta 2010. Ben Arfa ya dawo cikin tawagar a wasan, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Mousa Sissoko|Moussa Sissoko]] a lokacin hutun rabin lokaci. Ya zura kwallon farko a wasan a wasan da aka doke su da ci 2-1. A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2012, Ben Arfa ya shiga cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 na Faransa da za su fafata a gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA 2012, inda ya fara wasa a wasan karshe na rukunin D, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Sweden da ci 2-0. A ranar 12 ga Mayu 2016, an sanya Ben Arfa a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su buga wa Faransa gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA Euro 2016. == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Ben Arfa a yankin Clamart da ke birnin Paris kuma ya girma a Châtenay-Malabry . Mahaifinsa, Kamel Ben Arfa, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya, ya isa Faransa a shekarar 1973, inda ya zauna a Saint-Michel, Aisne don yin aiki a wani kamfanin yin ƙera kadarori . Daga baya ya yi fice a wani kulob na gida a cikin garin. Ben Arfa ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Musulmi mai matsakaicin aiki. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|hatem-ben-arfa/1588}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=La carriere de Hatem BEN ARFA |url=http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/index.asp?no_joueur=106097&page=carriere |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426075846/http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/index.asp?no_joueur=106097 |archive-date=26 April 2009 |access-date=16 August 2010 |website=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]]}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup ! colspan="2" |League cup ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Lyon |2004–05 |[[Ligue 1]] |9 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 |4 |0 |0 |0 |14 |1 |- |2005–06 |Ligue 1 |12 |0 |2 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |1 |16 |2 |- |2006–07 |Ligue 1 |13 |1 |3 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |19 |1 |- |2007–08 |Ligue 1 |30 |6 |3 |0 |1 |0 |8 |2 |1 |0 |43 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !64 !7 !8 !1 !3 !1 !14 !2 !3 !1 !92 !12 |- | rowspan="4" |Marseille |2008–09 |Ligue 1 |33 |6 |1 |0 |1 |0 |13 |2 | colspan="2" |— |48 |8 |- |2009–10 |Ligue 1 |29 |3 |1 |1 |4 |0 |7 |3 | colspan="2" |— |41 |7 |- |2010–11 |Ligue 1 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !63 !9 !2 !1 !5 !0 !20 !5 !1 !0 !91 !15 |- |[[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] (loan) |2010–11 |[[Premier League]] |4 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |1 |- | rowspan="4" |Newcastle United |2011–12 |Premier League |26 |5 |2 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |6 |- |2012–13 |Premier League |19 |4 |0 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |22 |4 |- |2013–14 |Premier League |27 |3 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !76 !13 !3 !1 !4 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !86 !14 |- |Hull City (loan) |2014–15 |Premier League |8 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- |Nice |2015–16 |Ligue 1 |34 |17 |1 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |37 |18 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Paris Saint-Germain]] |2016–17 |Ligue 1 |23 |0 |3 |3 |2 |0 |3 |0 |1 |1 |32 |4 |- |2017–18 |Ligue 1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !23 !0 !3 !3 !2 !0 !3 !0 !1 !1 !32 !4 |- |Rennes |2018–19 |Ligue 1 |26 |7 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9 |2 |0 |0 |41 |9 |- |Real Valladolid |2019–20 |[[La Liga]] |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- |Bordeaux |2020–21 |Ligue 1 |24 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |25 |2 |- |Lille |2021–22 |Ligue 1 |7 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !330 !55 !22 !7 !19 !1 !51 !9 !5 !2 !427 !74 |} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta zura da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="9" | Faransa | 2007 | 4 | 1 |- | 2008 | 3 | 0 |- | 2009 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2010 | 1 | 1 |- | 2011 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2012 | 5 | 0 |- | 2013 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2014 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2015 | 2 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 15 ! 2 |} ''Sakamakon maki da sakamakon sun nuna adadin kwallayen da Faransa ta ci a farko.'' {| class="wikitable" align="center" |+Jerin kwallayen da Hatem Ben Arfa ya ci a wasannin kasa da kasa ! A'a. ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar ! Ref. |- | align="center" | 1 | 13 Oktoba 2007 | Torsvøllur, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |{{Fb|FRO}} | align="center" | '''6''' – 0 | align="center" | 6–0 | Wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 | <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2007 |title=Henry celebrates in France romp |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/0254-0d7bae4172b3-2d33d58312f8-1000--henry-celebrates-in-france-romp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630005615/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=2008/matches/round=2241/match=83995/postmatch/report/index.html |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=16 December 2014 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 2 | 11 Agusta 2010 | Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway |{{Fb|NOR}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | align="center" | 1–2 | Aboki | <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2010 |title=Further woe for Les Bleus |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/211512/report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216114348/http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/211512/report |archive-date=16 December 2014 |access-date=16 December 2014 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> |} == Daraja == '''Lyon''' <ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|hatem-ben-arfa/1588}}</ref> * [[Ligue 1]] : 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08 * Coupe de France : 2007–08 * Trophée des Champions : 2005, 2006, 2007 * Ligue 1: 2009–10 * Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai : 2009–10 * Gasar Zakarun Turai: 2010 '''Paris Saint-Germain''' <ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|hatem-ben-arfa/1588}}</ref> * Coupe de France: 2016–17 * Gasar cin kofin League: 2016–17 * Gasar Zakarun Turai: 2016 '''Rennes''' * Coupe de France: 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2019 |title=Coupe de France winner in Rennes |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Coupe-de-france-les-chiffres-de-l-exploit-de-rennes-contre-le-psg-en-finale/1013484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427230844/https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Coupe-de-france-les-chiffres-de-l-exploit-de-rennes-contre-le-psg-en-finale/1013484 |archive-date=27 April 2019 |access-date=28 April 2019 |website=L'Équipe}}</ref> '''<nowiki/>'Yan ƙasa da shekara 17 na Faransa''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2004 <ref>{{UEFA player|93320}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Matashin ɗan wasan shekara na UNFP Ligue 1 : 2007–08 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Les Trophées UNFP du football |trans-title=The UNFP trophies |url=http://www.unfp.org/unfp/ce-que-nous-faisons/les-trophees-unfp-du-football.html?print=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506031851/http://www.unfp.org/unfp/ce-que-nous-faisons/les-trophees-unfp-du-football.html?print=1 |archive-date=6 May 2010 |access-date=16 December 2014 |publisher=[[National Union of Professional Footballers|UNFP]] |language=fr}}</ref> * Ɗan wasan UNFP na Ligue 1 na Watan : Fabrairu 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2010 |title=Ben Arfa a reçu son trophée de meilleur joueur de L1 de février |trans-title=Ben Arfa received his trophy for best player in L1 in February |url=http://www.om.net/fr/Saison/101002/Actualites/45878/Ben_Arfa_a_recu_son_trophee_de_meilleur_joueur_de_L1_de_fevrier |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216114448/http://www.om.net/fr/Saison/101002/Actualites/45878/Ben_Arfa_a_recu_son_trophee_de_meilleur_joueur_de_L1_de_fevrier |archive-date=16 December 2014 |access-date=16 December 2014 |website=Olympique de Marseille |language=fr}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar UNFP Ligue 1 ta Shekara : 2015–16 <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2016 |title=Ligue 1 Team of the Year 2016- UNFP Team of the Season 2015/16 |url=http://frenchfootballdaily.com/2016/05/ligue-1-team-of-the-year-2016-unfp-team-of-the-season-201516 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709040141/http://frenchfootballdaily.com/2016/05/ligue-1-team-of-the-year-2016-unfp-team-of-the-season-201516/ |archive-date=9 July 2016 |access-date=8 July 2016 |publisher=France Football}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Al'amarin Zahia]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Hatem Ben Arfa at the French Football Federation (in French) * {{UEFA player}} * {{FIFA player}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} d29a349c70ejznakgq17jc74zo5c4x3 0 162322 887807 2026-07-26T16:38:33Z Kaddi123 38060 Sabon shafi: Wadanan sune jerin sunaye manya unguwani a cikin birni sokoto, Arkila, gawo nama, mabera,Bado quarters,Bado Area, kofar Atiku, kufar Kade, kufar Rani, kanwuri,sama road,bello way,gidan igwai,gwaiwa low-cost.tamaje area, old Airport.nakasari area,Gagi Area,minanata Area, gobirawa Area.kusai area.gida dare Area.fulo club Area. 887807 wikitext text/x-wiki Wadanan sune jerin sunaye manya unguwani a cikin birni sokoto, Arkila, gawo nama, mabera,Bado quarters,Bado Area, kofar Atiku, kufar Kade, kufar Rani, kanwuri,sama road,bello way,gidan igwai,gwaiwa low-cost.tamaje area, old Airport.nakasari area,Gagi Area,minanata Area, gobirawa Area.kusai area.gida dare Area.fulo club Area. d1mnh17wfwgi1250muaj11digqf1vx7 0 162323 887811 2026-07-26T16:43:15Z Kaddi123 38060 Sabon shafi: Wadanan sune jerin sunaye manya gundomomi a karmar hukumar tambuwal local government, tambuwal/shinfiri, dogondaji,sanyinna ,bashire,Romo, Alasan, 887811 wikitext text/x-wiki Wadanan sune jerin sunaye manya gundomomi a karmar hukumar tambuwal local government, tambuwal/shinfiri, dogondaji,sanyinna ,bashire,Romo, Alasan, k9cupypysuevwj0feqxbo749lc3i8lj 0 162324 887842 2026-07-26T17:37:21Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348615982|The Brilliant Club]]" 887842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brilliant Club''' wata kungiya ce ta agaji ta zamantakewa da ke Burtaniya wadda ke mai da hankali kan ƙara yawan ɗaliban da ba su da galihu da ke shiga jami'o'i mafi gasa da kuma tallafa musu don samun nasara idan sun isa can. Babban shirinsu na Malamai, wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2011, yana tallafawa ɗalibai 'yan shekara 8-18 don ci gaba zuwa jami'o'i mafi gasa, ciki har da jami'o'in Russell Group, ta hanyar ba su damar koyon batutuwa a wajen manhajar karatu da kuma fuskantar koyo irin na jami'a. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-18 |title=Anne-Marie Canning, chief executive, The Brilliant Club |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/introducing-anne-marie-canning/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=schoolsweek.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> Malaman makaranta Jonathan Sobczyk da Simon Coyle ne suka kafa Brilliant Club a shekarar 2011. Ƙungiyar agaji tana da ofisoshi a Landan da Leeds, kuma tana aiki a faɗin Ingila, Wales, Scotland da Arewacin Ireland. A shekarar 2026, an nada Susie Whigham a matsayin Shugaba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-12 |title=Susie Whigham appointed CEO of The Brilliant Club |url=https://thebrilliantclub.org/news/susie-whigham-appointed-ceo-of-the-brilliant-club/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=thebrilliantclub.org |language=en-GB}}</ref> Tsakanin 2020 da 2025, Anne-Marie Canning MBE ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar ƙungiyar agaji. == Shirye-shirye == Ƙungiyar Brilliant tana gudanar da shirye-shirye waɗanda ke da nufin wargaza shingen da ke hana samun dama da kuma samun nasara a manyan makarantu. Ƙungiyar agajin ta mayar da martani ga abin da take gani a matsayin rashin daidaito a tsarin manyan makarantu na Burtaniya. A cewar bayanai da Hukumar Shiga Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji (UCAS) ta bayar, ɗalibai daga asali mafi fa'ida suna da damar zuwa jami'o'i mafi gasa da yawa, idan aka kwatanta da 1 cikin 33 waɗanda ba su da fa'ida sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-30 |title=The Brilliant Club - Using Data to Support Less Advantaged Students to Access and Succeed at Competitive Universities |url=https://community.dataiku.com/t5/Dataiku-Frontrunner-Awards/The-Brilliant-Club-Using-Data-to-Support-Less-Advantaged/ta-p/28248 |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=Dataiku Community |language=en}}</ref> [https://thebrilliantclub.org/the-scholars-programme/ Shirin Malaman] "tushen ilimi" "yana tallafawa ɗalibai 'yan shekara 8-18 don haɓaka ilimi, ƙwarewa, da kwarin gwiwa don ci gaba zuwa jami'o'i mafi gasa ta hanyar ba su damar koyo fiye da manhajar karatu da kuma fuskantar koyo irin na jami'a". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-14 |title=Supporting your students to succeed |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/supporting-your-students-to-succeed/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=schoolsweek.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> Shirin yana horar da malaman PhD don raba iliminsu na fannoni daban-daban da kuma sha'awar koyo ga ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai. A cewar The Brilliant Club, a ƙarshen shirin, ɗalibai suna yin biki a wani taron kammala karatun da aka gudanar a wata jami'a mai gasa. <ref name=":1" /> Ƙungiyar agajin ta gudanar [https://thebrilliantclub.org/brilliant-tutoring/ da Shirin Koyar da Ɗalibai Masu Kyau] daga 2020-2023, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Koyar da Ɗalibai na Ƙasa na gwamnati, wanda aka tsara don tallafawa ɗaliban da karatunsu ya lalace sakamakon rufe makarantu [[Koronavirus 2019|na COVID-19]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whittaker |first=Freddie |date=2020-11-02 |title=32 National Tutoring Programme providers named |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/revealed-the-32-providers-selected-to-deliver-the-national-tutoring-programme/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Schools Week}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Brilliant Club kuma tana gudanar da wani shiri mai suna [https://thebrilliantclub.org/parents/parent-power/ Parent Power], wanda ke ƙirƙirar hanyoyin sadarwa na al'ummomin iyaye a faɗin Burtaniya, kowannensu yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin The Brilliant Club da kuma wata cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi. A cewar The Brilliant Club, iyaye "suna samun horon tsara al'umma don haka suna da ikon yin sauyi a makomar 'ya'yansu da kuma tabbatar da cewa suna da damar samun nasara a fannin ilimi da kuma bayan haka". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Parent Power |url=https://thebrilliantclub.org/parents/parent-power/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Brilliant Club |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu, akwai ƙungiyoyin Parent Power da ke aiki a Barnsley, [[Birmingham]], Bradford, [[Bristol]], Cardiff, East Ayrshire, East London, Fenland, Knowsley, Newport, Oldham, [[Peterborough]], Springburn, Swindon da Wythenshawe . A cikin [[The Guardian|jaridar The Guardian]], tsohuwar shugabar Brilliant Club Anne-Marie Canning MBE ta bayyana burinta na The Brilliant Club na "samun hanyar sadarwa ta jakadun aiki na asali" a faɗin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-26 |title=Improving literacy means a book – or an iPad – at bedtime, say researchers |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/feb/26/improving-literacy-means-a-book-or-an-ipad-at-bedtime-say-researchers |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ƙungiyar Brilliant Club ta ƙaddamar da wani shiri mai suna [https://thebrilliantclub.org/join-the-dots/ Shiga Ƙungiyoyi] '''.''' Wannan shirin yana tallafawa ɗaliban da suka fi fuskantar cikas a sauye-sauyen da ake samu zuwa manyan makarantu ta hanyar shirin ɗaya-da-ɗaya da kuma tallafin takwarorinsu, wanda makarantu da jami'o'i suka ƙirƙira tare. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How can schools and universities work in partnership to support students to succeed at university? {{!}} APPG |url=https://universityappg.co.uk/blog/how-can-schools-and-universities-work-partnership-support-students-succeed-university |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=universityappg.co.uk}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar agaji ta fara wani shiri na haɓaka nasarori, [https://thebrilliantclub.org/make-your-mark/#:~:text=Make%20your%20Mark%20has%20been,evidence%20and%20school%20leader%20insights. Make Your Mark], tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Sussex, wanda ke tallafawa ɗalibai da malamai na aji 10 ta hanyar koyarwa da horar da CPD. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Post |first=HEPI Guest |date=2022-09-23 |title=Postcodes or personal experience? How best to encourage members of under-represented groups to apply to university |url=https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2022/09/23/postcodes-or-personal-experience-how-best-to-encourage-members-of-under-represented-groups-to-apply-to-university/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=HEPI |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ayyukan sashe == Ƙungiyar Brilliant memba ce ta [https://www.faireducation.org.uk/ ƙungiyar Fair Education Alliance], ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi sama da 300, waɗanda ke da manufar magance rashin daidaito a fannin ilimi. Ƙungiyar agajin tana da alaƙa da King's College London da Citizens UK, waɗanda suka ƙirƙiro tsarin tsara al'umma don hulɗar iyaye wanda rassan Ikon Iyaye suka dogara a kai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oldham MBE recipient Najma - 'It has been an honour and privilege to help and support individuals and communities' |url=https://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/139/main-news/146274/oldham-mbe-recipient-najma-it-has-been-an-honour-and-privilege-to-help-and-support-individuals-and-communities |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Tsohuwar Shugabar Jami'a Anne-Marie Canning ta ba da gudummawa ga wallafa littafin manyan makarantu [https://wonkhe.com/ na Wonkhe] a tafiyarta ta samun damar shiga manyan makarantu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Empowering parents on education |url=https://wonkhe.com/blogs/empowering-parents-on-education/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Wonkhe |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma wasu batutuwa da suka shafi fannin, ciki har da faɗaɗa shiga da kuma matsalar tsadar rayuwa ga yara 'yan makaranta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=No child goes hungry on campus |url=https://wonkhe.com/blogs/no-child-goes-hungry-on-campus/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Wonkhe |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ganewa da kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2011, an nada Ƙungiyar Brilliant Club a matsayin wadda ta lashe kyautar Teach First Social Innovation Award. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Innovation Partnerships {{!}} Teach First |url=http://www.teachfirst.org.uk/what-we-do/encouraging-innovation-education-0/innovation-partnerships |access-date=2015-11-27 |website=Teachfirst.org.uk}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa goma da suka yi nasara a gasar Future 100. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2011 |title=Top Ten Future 100 Winners 2011 Published |url=https://future100awards.wordpress.com/2011/11/24/top-ten-future-100-winners-2011-published/ |access-date=2015-11-27 |website=Future 100 Awards}}</ref> A shekarar 2012, an saka sunan The Brilliant Club cikin mutane 50 da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke "canza Birtaniya zuwa mafi kyau" a cewar Nesta da ''The Observer'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Brilliant Club {{!}} Nesta |url=http://www.nesta.org.uk/news/britains-new-radicals/brilliant-club |access-date=2015-11-27 |website=Nesta.org.uk}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, ƙungiyar ta shiga shirin Ernst &amp;amp; Young 's Accelerate. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilkie |first=Iain |date=3 February 2012 |title=Helping social enterprise accelerate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/social-enterprise-network/2012/feb/03/accelerate-ernst-young-programme |access-date=2015-11-28 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> An yi amfani da shi a matsayin wani bincike na Equity Ideas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2014 |title=The Brilliant Club – IDEAS |url=http://equityideas.eu/case/the-brilliant-club/ |access-date=2015-11-28 |website=IDEAS |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2015, an sanya sunan ƙungiyar agajin a cikin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka lashe kyautar agaji ta [[The Guardian]] a shekarar 2015. A shekarar 2019, an ba wa Brilliant Club matsayi na biyu a cikin jerin ƙungiyoyi 100 mafi kyau waɗanda ba na riba ba don aiki. An kuma sanya masa suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mafi Kyawun Ƙananan Kamfanoni 75 a Landan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Brilliant Club Company Profile |url=https://www.b.co.uk/company-profile/ |access-date=2019-03-07 |website=Best Companies |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kowace shekara, Ƙungiyar Brilliant tana buga mujallar ilimi mai ''suna The Scholar'', wadda ke nuna ayyukan ɗaliban makaranta daga Shirin Masana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Scholar - The Brilliant Club |url=http://www.thebrilliantclub.org/news-and-views/the-scholar/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |website=Thebrilliantclub.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] huvx5t76hqk17nud8n6vpfbjat6da11 887843 887842 2026-07-26T17:37:53Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Brilliant Club''' wata kungiya ce ta agaji ta zamantakewa da ke Burtaniya wadda ke mai da hankali kan ƙara yawan ɗaliban da ba su da galihu da ke shiga jami'o'i mafi gasa da kuma tallafa musu don samun nasara idan sun isa can. Babban shirinsu na Malamai, wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2011, yana tallafawa ɗalibai 'yan shekara 8-18 don ci gaba zuwa jami'o'i mafi gasa, ciki har da jami'o'in Russell Group, ta hanyar ba su damar koyon batutuwa a wajen manhajar karatu da kuma fuskantar koyo irin na jami'a. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-18 |title=Anne-Marie Canning, chief executive, The Brilliant Club |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/introducing-anne-marie-canning/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=schoolsweek.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> Malaman makaranta Jonathan Sobczyk da Simon Coyle ne suka kafa Brilliant Club a shekarar 2011. Ƙungiyar agaji tana da ofisoshi a Landan da Leeds, kuma tana aiki a faɗin Ingila, Wales, Scotland da Arewacin Ireland. A shekarar 2026, an nada Susie Whigham a matsayin Shugaba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-12 |title=Susie Whigham appointed CEO of The Brilliant Club |url=https://thebrilliantclub.org/news/susie-whigham-appointed-ceo-of-the-brilliant-club/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=thebrilliantclub.org |language=en-GB}}</ref> Tsakanin 2020 da 2025, Anne-Marie Canning MBE ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar ƙungiyar agaji. == Shirye-shirye == Ƙungiyar Brilliant tana gudanar da shirye-shirye waɗanda ke da nufin wargaza shingen da ke hana samun dama da kuma samun nasara a manyan makarantu. Ƙungiyar agajin ta mayar da martani ga abin da take gani a matsayin rashin daidaito a tsarin manyan makarantu na Burtaniya. A cewar bayanai da Hukumar Shiga Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji (UCAS) ta bayar, ɗalibai daga asali mafi fa'ida suna da damar zuwa jami'o'i mafi gasa da yawa, idan aka kwatanta da 1 cikin 33 waɗanda ba su da fa'ida sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-30 |title=The Brilliant Club - Using Data to Support Less Advantaged Students to Access and Succeed at Competitive Universities |url=https://community.dataiku.com/t5/Dataiku-Frontrunner-Awards/The-Brilliant-Club-Using-Data-to-Support-Less-Advantaged/ta-p/28248 |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=Dataiku Community |language=en}}</ref> [https://thebrilliantclub.org/the-scholars-programme/ Shirin Malaman] "tushen ilimi" "yana tallafawa ɗalibai 'yan shekara 8-18 don haɓaka ilimi, ƙwarewa, da kwarin gwiwa don ci gaba zuwa jami'o'i mafi gasa ta hanyar ba su damar koyo fiye da manhajar karatu da kuma fuskantar koyo irin na jami'a". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-14 |title=Supporting your students to succeed |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/supporting-your-students-to-succeed/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=schoolsweek.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> Shirin yana horar da malaman PhD don raba iliminsu na fannoni daban-daban da kuma sha'awar koyo ga ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai. A cewar The Brilliant Club, a ƙarshen shirin, ɗalibai suna yin biki a wani taron kammala karatun da aka gudanar a wata jami'a mai gasa. <ref name=":1" /> Ƙungiyar agajin ta gudanar [https://thebrilliantclub.org/brilliant-tutoring/ da Shirin Koyar da Ɗalibai Masu Kyau] daga 2020-2023, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Koyar da Ɗalibai na Ƙasa na gwamnati, wanda aka tsara don tallafawa ɗaliban da karatunsu ya lalace sakamakon rufe makarantu [[Koronavirus 2019|na COVID-19]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whittaker |first=Freddie |date=2020-11-02 |title=32 National Tutoring Programme providers named |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/revealed-the-32-providers-selected-to-deliver-the-national-tutoring-programme/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Schools Week}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Brilliant Club kuma tana gudanar da wani shiri mai suna [https://thebrilliantclub.org/parents/parent-power/ Parent Power], wanda ke ƙirƙirar hanyoyin sadarwa na al'ummomin iyaye a faɗin Burtaniya, kowannensu yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin The Brilliant Club da kuma wata cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi. A cewar The Brilliant Club, iyaye "suna samun horon tsara al'umma don haka suna da ikon yin sauyi a makomar 'ya'yansu da kuma tabbatar da cewa suna da damar samun nasara a fannin ilimi da kuma bayan haka". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Parent Power |url=https://thebrilliantclub.org/parents/parent-power/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=The Brilliant Club |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu, akwai ƙungiyoyin Parent Power da ke aiki a Barnsley, [[Birmingham]], Bradford, [[Bristol]], Cardiff, East Ayrshire, East London, Fenland, Knowsley, Newport, Oldham, [[Peterborough]], Springburn, Swindon da Wythenshawe . A cikin [[The Guardian|jaridar The Guardian]], tsohuwar shugabar Brilliant Club Anne-Marie Canning MBE ta bayyana burinta na The Brilliant Club na "samun hanyar sadarwa ta jakadun aiki na asali" a faɗin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-26 |title=Improving literacy means a book – or an iPad – at bedtime, say researchers |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/feb/26/improving-literacy-means-a-book-or-an-ipad-at-bedtime-say-researchers |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ƙungiyar Brilliant Club ta ƙaddamar da wani shiri mai suna [https://thebrilliantclub.org/join-the-dots/ Shiga Ƙungiyoyi] '''.''' Wannan shirin yana tallafawa ɗaliban da suka fi fuskantar cikas a sauye-sauyen da ake samu zuwa manyan makarantu ta hanyar shirin ɗaya-da-ɗaya da kuma tallafin takwarorinsu, wanda makarantu da jami'o'i suka ƙirƙira tare. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How can schools and universities work in partnership to support students to succeed at university? {{!}} APPG |url=https://universityappg.co.uk/blog/how-can-schools-and-universities-work-partnership-support-students-succeed-university |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=universityappg.co.uk}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar agaji ta fara wani shiri na haɓaka nasarori, [https://thebrilliantclub.org/make-your-mark/#:~:text=Make%20your%20Mark%20has%20been,evidence%20and%20school%20leader%20insights. Make Your Mark], tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Sussex, wanda ke tallafawa ɗalibai da malamai na aji 10 ta hanyar koyarwa da horar da CPD. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Post |first=HEPI Guest |date=2022-09-23 |title=Postcodes or personal experience? How best to encourage members of under-represented groups to apply to university |url=https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2022/09/23/postcodes-or-personal-experience-how-best-to-encourage-members-of-under-represented-groups-to-apply-to-university/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=HEPI |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ayyukan sashe == Ƙungiyar Brilliant memba ce ta [https://www.faireducation.org.uk/ ƙungiyar Fair Education Alliance], ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi sama da 300, waɗanda ke da manufar magance rashin daidaito a fannin ilimi. Ƙungiyar agajin tana da alaƙa da King's College London da Citizens UK, waɗanda suka ƙirƙiro tsarin tsara al'umma don hulɗar iyaye wanda rassan Ikon Iyaye suka dogara a kai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oldham MBE recipient Najma - 'It has been an honour and privilege to help and support individuals and communities' |url=https://www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk/news-features/139/main-news/146274/oldham-mbe-recipient-najma-it-has-been-an-honour-and-privilege-to-help-and-support-individuals-and-communities |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=www.oldham-chronicle.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Tsohuwar Shugabar Jami'a Anne-Marie Canning ta ba da gudummawa ga wallafa littafin manyan makarantu [https://wonkhe.com/ na Wonkhe] a tafiyarta ta samun damar shiga manyan makarantu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Empowering parents on education |url=https://wonkhe.com/blogs/empowering-parents-on-education/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Wonkhe |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma wasu batutuwa da suka shafi fannin, ciki har da faɗaɗa shiga da kuma matsalar tsadar rayuwa ga yara 'yan makaranta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=No child goes hungry on campus |url=https://wonkhe.com/blogs/no-child-goes-hungry-on-campus/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=Wonkhe |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ganewa da kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2011, an nada Ƙungiyar Brilliant Club a matsayin wadda ta lashe kyautar Teach First Social Innovation Award. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Innovation Partnerships {{!}} Teach First |url=http://www.teachfirst.org.uk/what-we-do/encouraging-innovation-education-0/innovation-partnerships |access-date=2015-11-27 |website=Teachfirst.org.uk}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa goma da suka yi nasara a gasar Future 100. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2011 |title=Top Ten Future 100 Winners 2011 Published |url=https://future100awards.wordpress.com/2011/11/24/top-ten-future-100-winners-2011-published/ |access-date=2015-11-27 |website=Future 100 Awards}}</ref> A shekarar 2012, an saka sunan The Brilliant Club cikin mutane 50 da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke "canza Birtaniya zuwa mafi kyau" a cewar Nesta da ''The Observer'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Brilliant Club {{!}} Nesta |url=http://www.nesta.org.uk/news/britains-new-radicals/brilliant-club |access-date=2015-11-27 |website=Nesta.org.uk}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, ƙungiyar ta shiga shirin Ernst &amp;amp; Young 's Accelerate. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilkie |first=Iain |date=3 February 2012 |title=Helping social enterprise accelerate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/social-enterprise-network/2012/feb/03/accelerate-ernst-young-programme |access-date=2015-11-28 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> An yi amfani da shi a matsayin wani bincike na Equity Ideas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2014 |title=The Brilliant Club – IDEAS |url=http://equityideas.eu/case/the-brilliant-club/ |access-date=2015-11-28 |website=IDEAS |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2015, an sanya sunan ƙungiyar agajin a cikin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka lashe kyautar agaji ta [[The Guardian]] a shekarar 2015. A shekarar 2019, an ba wa Brilliant Club matsayi na biyu a cikin jerin ƙungiyoyi 100 mafi kyau waɗanda ba na riba ba don aiki. An kuma sanya masa suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mafi Kyawun Ƙananan Kamfanoni 75 a Landan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Brilliant Club Company Profile |url=https://www.b.co.uk/company-profile/ |access-date=2019-03-07 |website=Best Companies |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kowace shekara, Ƙungiyar Brilliant tana buga mujallar ilimi mai ''suna The Scholar'', wadda ke nuna ayyukan ɗaliban makaranta daga Shirin Masana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Scholar - The Brilliant Club |url=http://www.thebrilliantclub.org/news-and-views/the-scholar/ |access-date=4 June 2018 |website=Thebrilliantclub.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1vkaitdjmclq0g8osmfrpnf2pr0t3g6 0 162325 887844 2026-07-26T17:38:44Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357113452|Grace Llewellyn]]" 887844 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Llewellyn''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1964) malamar makaranta ce, marubuciya, kuma mai wallafa littattafai a Amurka. Ita ce ta kafa ''Lowry House Publishers'', wacce ta kafa kuma darakta a sansanin ''Not Back To School Camp'' da ''The Hive: Self-Directed Learning for Teens'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Llewellyn a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1964 a Boise, [[Idaho]], Amurka. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Llewellyn, Grace 1964- |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/llewellyn-grace-1964 |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Iyayenta ma'aikaciyar jinya ce kuma marubuciyar ilimin ƙasa, kuma tana da 'yan'uwa biyar. <ref name="HEM">{{Cite web |title=Home Education Magazine website, interview summer 1998 |url=http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029160154/http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |access-date=September 29, 2023}}</ref> Ta kammala karatun digirinta na farko (BA) daga Kwalejin Carleton a shekarar 1986. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Llewellyn, Grace 1964- |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/llewellyn-grace-1964 |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=Encyclopedia.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/llewellyn-grace-1964 "Llewellyn, Grace 1964-"]. ''Encyclopedia.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan ta yi shekara uku tana koyarwa, sai ta ci karo da aikin John Holt, wanda hakan ya sa ta sake duba tsarin karatunta. <ref name="HEM">{{Cite web |title=Home Education Magazine website, interview summer 1998 |url=http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029160154/http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |access-date=September 29, 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20201029160154/http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ "Home Education Magazine website, interview summer 1998"]. Archived from [http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ the original] on October 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A shekarar 1991 ta rubuta ''[[Littafin Yantar Matasa|littafin The Teenage Liberation Handbook: Yadda ake daina makaranta da samun rayuwa ta gaske da ilimi]]'' . A wancan lokacin, yin karatu a gida haramun ne a wasu jihohin Amurka. Llewellyn ta buga ''littafin Teenage Liberation Handbook'' ta hanyar kamfanin buga littattafai na Lowry House Publishers. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Llewellyn, Grace 1964- |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/llewellyn-grace-1964 |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=Encyclopedia.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/llewellyn-grace-1964 "Llewellyn, Grace 1964-"]. ''Encyclopedia.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> A shekarar 1996 ta fara sansanin koyon karatu mai zaman kansa na Not Back to School Camp; sansanin ya shafe sama da shekaru 25 yana aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schaeffer |first=Brett |title=Grace Under Pressure |url=https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/grace-under-pressure/2004/03 |access-date=2 August 2025 |website=Education Week}}</ref> == Littattafan tarihi == * ''[[Littafin Yantar Matasa|Littafin Jagorar 'Yancin Matasa: Yadda Ake Daina Makaranta Don Samun Rayuwa Ta Gaske da Ilimi]]'' ({{ISBN|0-9629591-7-0}} ) * ''Koyon Yaƙin Guerrilla: Yadda Za Ku Ba Wa Yaranku Ilimi Na Gaske Tare Da Makaranta Ko Ba Tare Da Su Ba'' ({{ISBN|9780471349600}} ) (tare da marubuciya Amy Silver ) 2001 * ''Rayuwa ta Gaske: Matasa Goma Sha Ɗaya Da Ba Sa Zuwa Makaranta Suna Faɗin Labaransu'' ({{ISBN|9780962959127}} ) 1993, 2005 * ''Kalubalen 'Yanci: 'Yan Makaranta a Gida na Baƙar fata'' ({{ISBN|9780962959110}} ) 1996 == Duba kuma == * Makarantar gida * [[Rashin makaranta|Rashin zuwa makaranta]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] t52tqehgyrcqcgx9i1zr5qd2a60rexm 887845 887844 2026-07-26T17:39:07Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Grace Llewellyn''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1964) malamar makaranta ce, marubuciya, kuma mai wallafa littattafai a Amurka. Ita ce ta kafa ''Lowry House Publishers'', wacce ta kafa kuma darakta a sansanin ''Not Back To School Camp'' da ''The Hive: Self-Directed Learning for Teens'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Llewellyn a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1964 a Boise, [[Idaho]], Amurka. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Llewellyn, Grace 1964- |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/llewellyn-grace-1964 |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Iyayenta ma'aikaciyar jinya ce kuma marubuciyar ilimin ƙasa, kuma tana da 'yan'uwa biyar. <ref name="HEM">{{Cite web |title=Home Education Magazine website, interview summer 1998 |url=http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029160154/http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |access-date=September 29, 2023}}</ref> Ta kammala karatun digirinta na farko (BA) daga Kwalejin Carleton a shekarar 1986. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Llewellyn, Grace 1964- |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/llewellyn-grace-1964 |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=Encyclopedia.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/llewellyn-grace-1964 "Llewellyn, Grace 1964-"]. ''Encyclopedia.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan ta yi shekara uku tana koyarwa, sai ta ci karo da aikin John Holt, wanda hakan ya sa ta sake duba tsarin karatunta. <ref name="HEM">{{Cite web |title=Home Education Magazine website, interview summer 1998 |url=http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029160154/http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |access-date=September 29, 2023}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20201029160154/http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ "Home Education Magazine website, interview summer 1998"]. Archived from [http://www.home-ed-magazine.com/HEM/HEM154-98/154-98_art_grc-jnt/ the original] on October 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A shekarar 1991 ta rubuta ''[[Littafin Yantar Matasa|littafin The Teenage Liberation Handbook: Yadda ake daina makaranta da samun rayuwa ta gaske da ilimi]]'' . A wancan lokacin, yin karatu a gida haramun ne a wasu jihohin Amurka. Llewellyn ta buga ''littafin Teenage Liberation Handbook'' ta hanyar kamfanin buga littattafai na Lowry House Publishers. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Llewellyn, Grace 1964- |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/llewellyn-grace-1964 |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=Encyclopedia.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/llewellyn-grace-1964 "Llewellyn, Grace 1964-"]. ''Encyclopedia.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> A shekarar 1996 ta fara sansanin koyon karatu mai zaman kansa na Not Back to School Camp; sansanin ya shafe sama da shekaru 25 yana aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schaeffer |first=Brett |title=Grace Under Pressure |url=https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/grace-under-pressure/2004/03 |access-date=2 August 2025 |website=Education Week}}</ref> == Littattafan tarihi == * ''[[Littafin Yantar Matasa|Littafin Jagorar 'Yancin Matasa: Yadda Ake Daina Makaranta Don Samun Rayuwa Ta Gaske da Ilimi]]'' ({{ISBN|0-9629591-7-0}} ) * ''Koyon Yaƙin Guerrilla: Yadda Za Ku Ba Wa Yaranku Ilimi Na Gaske Tare Da Makaranta Ko Ba Tare Da Su Ba'' ({{ISBN|9780471349600}} ) (tare da marubuciya Amy Silver ) 2001 * ''Rayuwa ta Gaske: Matasa Goma Sha Ɗaya Da Ba Sa Zuwa Makaranta Suna Faɗin Labaransu'' ({{ISBN|9780962959127}} ) 1993, 2005 * ''Kalubalen 'Yanci: 'Yan Makaranta a Gida na Baƙar fata'' ({{ISBN|9780962959110}} ) 1996 == Duba kuma == * Makarantar gida * [[Rashin makaranta|Rashin zuwa makaranta]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] mtj9d7ehrp3iqbh1aom7uxxcm9b347u 0 162326 887847 2026-07-26T17:39:43Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339994913|Anji Play]]" 887847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anji Play''' ( Chinese [[Cheng Xueqin|Xueqin]], Darakta a Ofishin Ilimi <ref>{{Cite web |title=安吉县人民政府 安吉骄傲候选人物——程学琴：带领"安吉游戏"走向国际 |url=http://www.anji.gov.cn/default.php?mod=article&do=detail&tid=55301 |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=anji.gov.cn}}</ref>, [[:zh:教育局|Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta]] Gundumar Anji, Lardin Zhejiang, ne ya tsara manhajar karatu ta yara tun suna ƙanana . Muhimman abubuwan da suka haɗa Anji Play sune tsarin koyarwarsa, muhallin da ya shafi wurin, kayan aiki na musamman da kuma fasahar da aka haɗa. Manufar shirin ita ce yadda yaran da ke shiga [[Ƙaddamar da kai|za]] su zaɓi abin da za su yi wasa da shi, inda za su yi wasa da shi, da kuma rawar da malamin zai taka a matsayin mai lura, musamman a lokutan da ake fuskantar haɗarin jiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Politics of True Play with Cheng Xueqin (Learning at the Library) |url=https://vialogues.com/vialogues/play/20933/ |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=vialogues.com}}</ref> Anji Play manhaja ce ta cikakken lokaci ta dukkan makarantun yara na gwamnati a gundumar Anji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=中国学前教育研究会 |url=http://www.cnsece.com/KindTemPlate/MsgDetail/33680}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === A shekarar 1989, kasar Sin ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] [[Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara|kan 'yancin yara]] . Mataki na 31 ya amince da "haƙƙin yaro na hutawa da nishaɗi, shiga cikin wasanni da ayyukan nishaɗi da suka dace da shekarun yaron da kuma shiga cikin rayuwar al'adu da fasaha cikin 'yanci." <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child |url=http://www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213074327/http://www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf |archive-date=2015-02-13 |access-date=2016-06-09 |publisher=unicef.org}}</ref> A shekarar 1996, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ta fitar da "Ma'aunin Ilimi na Yara Masu Karatu." Yana ɗaukar wasan yara a makarantar yara a matsayin "aikin tushe da za a haɗa a cikin kowane nau'in ayyukan ilimi" - watau wasa dole ne a cikin ilimi. Tun daga shekarar 2001, Anji Play an ƙirƙiro shi gaba ɗaya ba tare da tasirin falsafar ilimi ta Yamma ba, <ref>{{Cite web |title=人民日报海外版-人民网 |url=http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2015-06/24/content_1580135.htm |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=people.com.cn}}</ref> kodayake ƙa'idodin shirin da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don haɓaka shi sun yi kama da Montessori <ref>{{Cite web |last=coffino |first=jesse |date=21 March 2016 |title=The 21st Century Maria Montessori is Changing China, We Should All Be Paying Attention |url=https://medium.com/@AnjiPlay/the-21st-century-maria-montessori-is-changing-china-we-should-all-be-paying-attention-461acf0e8bfb#.jytdvmsqq |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=medium.com}}</ref> <ref name="PENN">{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2014 |title=Program Director Encourages Early Childhood Play |url=https://www.gse.upenn.edu/news/program-director-encourages-early-childhood-play |access-date=June 19, 2016 |website=www.gse.upenn.edu |publisher=Penn Graduate School of Education |quote=(Penn GSE Senior Fellow Frances Rust) Rust found many similarities to the Montessori method she was trained in. Rust’s panel outlined the ways children learn through play. She arrived with a presentation focused on images from American schools, but was delighted to adopt examples from her observations in Anji.}}</ref> da Froebel . Duk da cewa ci gaban Anji Play ya fuskanci turjiya daga iyaye, an aiwatar da wani shirin wayar da kan iyaye don koyar da muhimmancin wasa a fannin ilimi. === Faɗaɗa === A yau, Anji Play an amince da ita a duniya a matsayin manhajar karatu ta yara ƙanana <ref name="PENN">{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2014 |title=Program Director Encourages Early Childhood Play |url=https://www.gse.upenn.edu/news/program-director-encourages-early-childhood-play |access-date=June 19, 2016 |website=www.gse.upenn.edu |publisher=Penn Graduate School of Education |quote=(Penn GSE Senior Fellow Frances Rust) Rust found many similarities to the Montessori method she was trained in. Rust’s panel outlined the ways children learn through play. She arrived with a presentation focused on images from American schools, but was delighted to adopt examples from her observations in Anji.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gse.upenn.edu/news/program-director-encourages-early-childhood-play "Program Director Encourages Early Childhood Play"]. ''www.gse.upenn.edu''. Penn Graduate School of Education. August 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2016</span>. <q>(Penn GSE Senior Fellow Frances Rust) Rust found many similarities to the Montessori method she was trained in. Rust's panel outlined the ways children learn through play. She arrived with a presentation focused on images from American schools, but was delighted to adopt examples from her observations in Anji.</q></cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title="安吉游戏"：缘何风靡欧美-光明日报-光明网 |url=http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2014-12/23/nw.D110000gmrb_20141223_3-05.htm |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=gmw.cn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Julie Nicholson (organizer) |title=Learn About AnjiPlay |url=https://www.eventbrite.com/e/learn-about-anjiplay-tickets-19969110146 |access-date=June 19, 2016 |website=www.eventbrite.com |publisher=Eventbrite |quote=Mills College School of Education, Center for Play Research and WestEd's Center for Child and Family Studies invite you to learn about Anji Play! (And earn 3 hours of professional growth hours by attending. Certificates will be available same day).}}</ref> da ake amfani da ita a makarantun yara ƙanana 130 a gundumar Anji, China. Ya faɗaɗa a duk faɗin duniya kuma ana daidaita shi a Amurka tun daga Cibiyar Koyar da Yara ta Ɗaya a Madison, Wisconsin <ref>{{Cite web |title=One City » It's Official! |url=http://www.onecityearlylearning.org/its-official/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813024056/http://www.onecityearlylearning.org/its-official/ |archive-date=August 13, 2016 |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=onecityearlylearning.org}}</ref> da kuma Laburaren Jama'a na Madison. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Makers |first=Library |date=15 June 2016 |title=library makers: Let the Wild Rumpus Start! |url=http://librarymakers.blogspot.com/2016/06/let-wild-rumpus-start.html |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=librarymakers.blogspot.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Wild Rumpus [in the park!] Alicia Ashman Library 06/21/2016 2:00 pm - 4:00 pm |url=http://www.madisonpubliclibrary.org/events/wild-rumpus-park-54707 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612014239/http://www.madisonpubliclibrary.org/events/wild-rumpus-park-54707 |archive-date=June 12, 2016 |access-date=June 19, 2016 |website=www.madisonpubliclibrary.org |publisher=Madison Public Library |quote=The library will provide special Anji Play equipment to inspire your children's imagination.}}</ref> == Falsafa == A cikin tsarin Anji Play na yanzu, yara suna da akalla sa'o'i biyu na wasa kyauta kowace rana. Ana yin wasannin a waje ba tare da tsari mai yawa ba, kuma ana samar da kayan aiki masu sauƙi da aka yi da kayan halitta (misali, igiyoyi, tsani mai sauƙi na bamboo, tukwane na yumbu) a matsayin kayan wasa, maimakon abubuwan da ake sayarwa da tallatawa a matsayin kayan wasa. A lokacin wasa, malamai suna lura, suna rubutawa, kuma suna aiki a matsayin mahalarta a lokaci guda. Anji Play ya ƙunshi kayan aiki masu sauƙi da aka yi da kayan halitta kamar tukwane na yumbu, igiyoyi, tsani mai sauƙi na bamboo da sauran abubuwan yau da kullun kamar ganga da tayoyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anji Play China - Cas Holman |url=http://casholman.com/anji-play-china-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814171216/http://casholman.com/anji-play-china-2/ |archive-date=14 August 2016 |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=casholman.com}}</ref> Yara a cikin yanayin Anji Play suna mu'amala da waɗannan abubuwa don ƙirƙirar nasu filin wasa suna gudanar da su bisa ga ƙa'idodinsu. A zahiri ta hanyar Anji Play, yara suna haɗa kai wajen haɓaka ƙwarewar zamantakewa da motsa jiki domin yin wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=专题：什么是安吉游戏？中美专家的对话 |url=http://jiaoyan.jxedu.gov.cn/jxedu/jxeduRoot/jxjy/xkjy/xqjy/2015/09/20150924025947846.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806062800/http://jiaoyan.jxedu.gov.cn/jxedu/jxeduRoot/jxjy/xkjy/xqjy/2015/09/20150924025947846.html |archive-date=2016-08-06 |access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> Ana shawartar manya da malamai da kada su shiga tsakani su kuma yi umarni, amma su kiyaye. Daga hangen nesa na waje, ana koya wa malamai su amince da yaran kuma su fahimci yadda yara ke tafiyar da rikici da haɗin gwiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=浙江日报 |url=http://zjrb.zjol.com.cn/html/2014-11/07/content_2821107.htm?div=-1}}</ref> Wannan salon wasan kwaikwayo mara koyarwa ya bayyana kalmar '"Wasan Gaskiya"'. Anji Play ya bayyana falsafar True Play a cikin rukunoni da dama <ref>{{Cite web |title=Philosophy |url=http://www.anjiplay.com/philosophy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806005953/http://www.anjiplay.com/philosophy |archive-date=6 August 2016 |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=anjiplay.com}}</ref> (wanda aka raba tsakanin "Hakkokin Yara" da "Nauyin Malami/Babba"): * Wasan da Ya Ƙuduri Kai * Lokaci da Sarari * Tunani * Bayyanawa * Kayan Aiki * Muhalli == Duba kuma == * [[Hanyar Reggio Emilia]] == Manazarta == b5ev6cj0g6gcclyz8uron056ztmrpnm 887848 887847 2026-07-26T17:40:14Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anji Play''' ( Chinese [[Cheng Xueqin|Xueqin]], Darakta a Ofishin Ilimi <ref>{{Cite web |title=安吉县人民政府 安吉骄傲候选人物——程学琴：带领"安吉游戏"走向国际 |url=http://www.anji.gov.cn/default.php?mod=article&do=detail&tid=55301 |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=anji.gov.cn}}</ref>, [[:zh:教育局|Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta]] Gundumar Anji, Lardin Zhejiang, ne ya tsara manhajar karatu ta yara tun suna ƙanana . Muhimman abubuwan da suka haɗa Anji Play sune tsarin koyarwarsa, muhallin da ya shafi wurin, kayan aiki na musamman da kuma fasahar da aka haɗa. Manufar shirin ita ce yadda yaran da ke shiga [[Ƙaddamar da kai|za]] su zaɓi abin da za su yi wasa da shi, inda za su yi wasa da shi, da kuma rawar da malamin zai taka a matsayin mai lura, musamman a lokutan da ake fuskantar haɗarin jiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Politics of True Play with Cheng Xueqin (Learning at the Library) |url=https://vialogues.com/vialogues/play/20933/ |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=vialogues.com}}</ref> Anji Play manhaja ce ta cikakken lokaci ta dukkan makarantun yara na gwamnati a gundumar Anji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=中国学前教育研究会 |url=http://www.cnsece.com/KindTemPlate/MsgDetail/33680}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === A shekarar 1989, kasar Sin ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] [[Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara|kan 'yancin yara]] . Mataki na 31 ya amince da "haƙƙin yaro na hutawa da nishaɗi, shiga cikin wasanni da ayyukan nishaɗi da suka dace da shekarun yaron da kuma shiga cikin rayuwar al'adu da fasaha cikin 'yanci." <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child |url=http://www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213074327/http://www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf |archive-date=2015-02-13 |access-date=2016-06-09 |publisher=unicef.org}}</ref> A shekarar 1996, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ta fitar da "Ma'aunin Ilimi na Yara Masu Karatu." Yana ɗaukar wasan yara a makarantar yara a matsayin "aikin tushe da za a haɗa a cikin kowane nau'in ayyukan ilimi" - watau wasa dole ne a cikin ilimi. Tun daga shekarar 2001, Anji Play an ƙirƙiro shi gaba ɗaya ba tare da tasirin falsafar ilimi ta Yamma ba, <ref>{{Cite web |title=人民日报海外版-人民网 |url=http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrbhwb/html/2015-06/24/content_1580135.htm |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=people.com.cn}}</ref> kodayake ƙa'idodin shirin da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don haɓaka shi sun yi kama da Montessori <ref>{{Cite web |last=coffino |first=jesse |date=21 March 2016 |title=The 21st Century Maria Montessori is Changing China, We Should All Be Paying Attention |url=https://medium.com/@AnjiPlay/the-21st-century-maria-montessori-is-changing-china-we-should-all-be-paying-attention-461acf0e8bfb#.jytdvmsqq |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=medium.com}}</ref> <ref name="PENN">{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2014 |title=Program Director Encourages Early Childhood Play |url=https://www.gse.upenn.edu/news/program-director-encourages-early-childhood-play |access-date=June 19, 2016 |website=www.gse.upenn.edu |publisher=Penn Graduate School of Education |quote=(Penn GSE Senior Fellow Frances Rust) Rust found many similarities to the Montessori method she was trained in. Rust’s panel outlined the ways children learn through play. She arrived with a presentation focused on images from American schools, but was delighted to adopt examples from her observations in Anji.}}</ref> da Froebel . Duk da cewa ci gaban Anji Play ya fuskanci turjiya daga iyaye, an aiwatar da wani shirin wayar da kan iyaye don koyar da muhimmancin wasa a fannin ilimi. === Faɗaɗa === A yau, Anji Play an amince da ita a duniya a matsayin manhajar karatu ta yara ƙanana <ref name="PENN">{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2014 |title=Program Director Encourages Early Childhood Play |url=https://www.gse.upenn.edu/news/program-director-encourages-early-childhood-play |access-date=June 19, 2016 |website=www.gse.upenn.edu |publisher=Penn Graduate School of Education |quote=(Penn GSE Senior Fellow Frances Rust) Rust found many similarities to the Montessori method she was trained in. Rust’s panel outlined the ways children learn through play. She arrived with a presentation focused on images from American schools, but was delighted to adopt examples from her observations in Anji.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gse.upenn.edu/news/program-director-encourages-early-childhood-play "Program Director Encourages Early Childhood Play"]. ''www.gse.upenn.edu''. Penn Graduate School of Education. August 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2016</span>. <q>(Penn GSE Senior Fellow Frances Rust) Rust found many similarities to the Montessori method she was trained in. Rust's panel outlined the ways children learn through play. She arrived with a presentation focused on images from American schools, but was delighted to adopt examples from her observations in Anji.</q></cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title="安吉游戏"：缘何风靡欧美-光明日报-光明网 |url=http://epaper.gmw.cn/gmrb/html/2014-12/23/nw.D110000gmrb_20141223_3-05.htm |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=gmw.cn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Julie Nicholson (organizer) |title=Learn About AnjiPlay |url=https://www.eventbrite.com/e/learn-about-anjiplay-tickets-19969110146 |access-date=June 19, 2016 |website=www.eventbrite.com |publisher=Eventbrite |quote=Mills College School of Education, Center for Play Research and WestEd's Center for Child and Family Studies invite you to learn about Anji Play! (And earn 3 hours of professional growth hours by attending. Certificates will be available same day).}}</ref> da ake amfani da ita a makarantun yara ƙanana 130 a gundumar Anji, China. Ya faɗaɗa a duk faɗin duniya kuma ana daidaita shi a Amurka tun daga Cibiyar Koyar da Yara ta Ɗaya a Madison, Wisconsin <ref>{{Cite web |title=One City » It's Official! |url=http://www.onecityearlylearning.org/its-official/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813024056/http://www.onecityearlylearning.org/its-official/ |archive-date=August 13, 2016 |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=onecityearlylearning.org}}</ref> da kuma Laburaren Jama'a na Madison. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Makers |first=Library |date=15 June 2016 |title=library makers: Let the Wild Rumpus Start! |url=http://librarymakers.blogspot.com/2016/06/let-wild-rumpus-start.html |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=librarymakers.blogspot.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Wild Rumpus [in the park!] Alicia Ashman Library 06/21/2016 2:00 pm - 4:00 pm |url=http://www.madisonpubliclibrary.org/events/wild-rumpus-park-54707 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612014239/http://www.madisonpubliclibrary.org/events/wild-rumpus-park-54707 |archive-date=June 12, 2016 |access-date=June 19, 2016 |website=www.madisonpubliclibrary.org |publisher=Madison Public Library |quote=The library will provide special Anji Play equipment to inspire your children's imagination.}}</ref> == Falsafa == A cikin tsarin Anji Play na yanzu, yara suna da akalla sa'o'i biyu na wasa kyauta kowace rana. Ana yin wasannin a waje ba tare da tsari mai yawa ba, kuma ana samar da kayan aiki masu sauƙi da aka yi da kayan halitta (misali, igiyoyi, tsani mai sauƙi na bamboo, tukwane na yumbu) a matsayin kayan wasa, maimakon abubuwan da ake sayarwa da tallatawa a matsayin kayan wasa. A lokacin wasa, malamai suna lura, suna rubutawa, kuma suna aiki a matsayin mahalarta a lokaci guda. Anji Play ya ƙunshi kayan aiki masu sauƙi da aka yi da kayan halitta kamar tukwane na yumbu, igiyoyi, tsani mai sauƙi na bamboo da sauran abubuwan yau da kullun kamar ganga da tayoyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anji Play China - Cas Holman |url=http://casholman.com/anji-play-china-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814171216/http://casholman.com/anji-play-china-2/ |archive-date=14 August 2016 |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=casholman.com}}</ref> Yara a cikin yanayin Anji Play suna mu'amala da waɗannan abubuwa don ƙirƙirar nasu filin wasa suna gudanar da su bisa ga ƙa'idodinsu. A zahiri ta hanyar Anji Play, yara suna haɗa kai wajen haɓaka ƙwarewar zamantakewa da motsa jiki domin yin wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=专题：什么是安吉游戏？中美专家的对话 |url=http://jiaoyan.jxedu.gov.cn/jxedu/jxeduRoot/jxjy/xkjy/xqjy/2015/09/20150924025947846.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806062800/http://jiaoyan.jxedu.gov.cn/jxedu/jxeduRoot/jxjy/xkjy/xqjy/2015/09/20150924025947846.html |archive-date=2016-08-06 |access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref> Ana shawartar manya da malamai da kada su shiga tsakani su kuma yi umarni, amma su kiyaye. Daga hangen nesa na waje, ana koya wa malamai su amince da yaran kuma su fahimci yadda yara ke tafiyar da rikici da haɗin gwiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=浙江日报 |url=http://zjrb.zjol.com.cn/html/2014-11/07/content_2821107.htm?div=-1}}</ref> Wannan salon wasan kwaikwayo mara koyarwa ya bayyana kalmar '"Wasan Gaskiya"'. Anji Play ya bayyana falsafar True Play a cikin rukunoni da dama <ref>{{Cite web |title=Philosophy |url=http://www.anjiplay.com/philosophy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806005953/http://www.anjiplay.com/philosophy |archive-date=6 August 2016 |access-date=16 June 2016 |website=anjiplay.com}}</ref> (wanda aka raba tsakanin "Hakkokin Yara" da "Nauyin Malami/Babba"): * Wasan da Ya Ƙuduri Kai * Lokaci da Sarari * Tunani * Bayyanawa * Kayan Aiki * Muhalli == Duba kuma == * [[Hanyar Reggio Emilia]] == Manazarta == emjrjkgspv3cegod5n01zskyp3cdvsf 0 162327 887849 2026-07-26T17:41:04Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339590206|Beltane School]]" 887849 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantar Beltane''' makaranta ce mai zaman kanta a Wimbledon, London, daga baya kuma Melksham, Wiltshire, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1934 kuma aka rufe ta a shekarar 1941. Beltane yana ɗaya daga cikin {{Interlanguage link|Schools in Exile|de|Schulen im Exil}} wanda malamai da malamai suka kafa waɗanda aka tilasta musu barin Jamus saboda dalilai na siyasa ko kuma saboda asalinsu na Yahudawa. suka kafa makarantar 'yan gurguzu ne kuma ilimin, ta amfani da hanyar Montessori, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani sabon abu kuma mai cike da tarihi idan aka kwatanta da tsarin makarantun Ingilishi na lokacin. == Tarihi == Masana ilimi na Jamus Ilsa da {{Interlanguage link|Ernst Bulova|de|Ernst Bulova}} ne suka kafa Beltane tare da masu ci gaba na Ingilishi Joan <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rée |first=Harry |date=May 1979 |title=Book Reviews |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/003452377902100109 |journal=Research in Education |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=100–102 |doi=10.1177/003452377902100109 |issn=0034-5237 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da Andrew Tomlinson. An sanya wa makarantar suna ne saboda bikin ranar Mayu na gargajiya . Da farko makarantar ta ƙunshi yara 30 'yan gudun hijira daga Jamus da Austria tare da adadin yaran Ingila iri ɗaya. Da yawa daga cikin ɗaliban Jamusawa sun taɓa samun koyarwa daga Bulovas a Berlin. Zuwa shekarar 1937, akwai malamai 23 da ɗalibai 200. A wannan lokacin, Beltane galibi makarantar kwana ce, amma tana ba da guraben karatu ga ɗaliban kwana 60. Da barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], makarantar ta koma Wiltshire ta zama makarantar kwana. == Ma'aikata da tsofaffin ɗalibai masu daraja == * Ernst da Ilsa Bulova sun ci gaba da kafa sansanin wasan kwaikwayo da fasaha na Buck's Rock tare da goyon bayan dangi daga kamfanin agogon Bulova * Ulrich K. Goldsmith ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin harsunan Latin, Jamusanci da Ingilishi tun daga shekarar 1934 zuwa gaba. An tsare shi a matsayin baƙon maƙiyi a watan Yunin 1940 kuma aka mayar da shi Kanada wata guda bayan haka * Arthur Wragg, mai fafutukar zaman lafiya da zane, yana koyarwa a Beltane tun daga shekarar 1941 zuwa gaba <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur WRAGG {{!}} Cornwall Artists Index |url=https://cornwallartists.org/cornwall-artists/arthur-wragg |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=cornwallartists.org}}</ref> * Harry Blamires ya yi aiki a Beltane, bayan an tilasta masa barin aikinsa a Kwalejin Nottingham saboda ya ƙi amincewa da aikinsa da gangan * Denis Grant King, wani mai adawa da aikin soja mai himma, ya koyar da tarihi, ilimin ƙasa, ilmin kayan tarihi da aikin katako. * Barbara Steele <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbara Steele |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/183492%7C17878/Barbara-Steele/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206170615/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/183492%7C17878/Barbara-Steele/ |archive-date=February 6, 2012 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref> ɗaliba ce a Beltane sannan ta halarci Makarantar Sarki Alfred, London * Hilary Kilmarnock ta halarci makarantar tsawon shekara guda bayan ta bar Makarantar Bedales saboda cin zarafi * Charlotte Mayer, mai sassaka wadda lokacin rashin jin daɗinta a makaranta ya yi tasiri ga aikinta * William Bennett (mai son motsa jiki) ya fara busa sarewa a lokacin da yake ɗalibi a Beltane * Ann Dally, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-27 |title=Dr Ann Dally |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/dr-ann-dally-f5sqzf3wptj |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> marubuciya kuma mai ilimin tabin hankali, ɗaliba ce a Beltane. * Edmund Rubbra, mawaki, ya koyar da kiɗa a Beltane * An aika Raoul Bott, masanin lissafi, zuwa Beltane a shekarar 1939 daga Bratislava, inda yaƙin ya kawo cikas ga karatunsa. == Sansanin ɗaurin kurkuku na Makarantar Beltane == Bayan makarantar ta koma Wiltshire, an yi amfani da wurin da aka gina a Wimbledon a matsayin sansanin ɗaurin fursunoni ga 'yan Jamusawa, wanda aka fi sani da "Makarantar Beltane". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Camp 020R at Huntercombe {{!}} Coldspur |url=https://coldspur.com/camp-020r-at-huntercombe/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=coldspur.com}}</ref> Sansanin ya yi zaman tattaunawa da 'yan Nazi da waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan kiyashi, wanda ya kasance batun tambayoyi a Majalisar == Nassoshi == rqwgdkf9juhh8gegqfhvh6agglkokf4 887850 887849 2026-07-26T17:41:36Z Arcdanumma047 38699 887850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Beltane''' makaranta ce mai zaman kanta a Wimbledon, London, daga baya kuma Melksham, Wiltshire, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1934 kuma aka rufe ta a shekarar 1941. Beltane yana ɗaya daga cikin {{Interlanguage link|Schools in Exile|de|Schulen im Exil}} wanda malamai da malamai suka kafa waɗanda aka tilasta musu barin Jamus saboda dalilai na siyasa ko kuma saboda asalinsu na Yahudawa. suka kafa makarantar 'yan gurguzu ne kuma ilimin, ta amfani da hanyar Montessori, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani sabon abu kuma mai cike da tarihi idan aka kwatanta da tsarin makarantun Ingilishi na lokacin. == Tarihi == Masana ilimi na Jamus Ilsa da {{Interlanguage link|Ernst Bulova|de|Ernst Bulova}} ne suka kafa Beltane tare da masu ci gaba na Ingilishi Joan <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rée |first=Harry |date=May 1979 |title=Book Reviews |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/003452377902100109 |journal=Research in Education |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=100–102 |doi=10.1177/003452377902100109 |issn=0034-5237 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da Andrew Tomlinson. An sanya wa makarantar suna ne saboda bikin ranar Mayu na gargajiya . Da farko makarantar ta ƙunshi yara 30 'yan gudun hijira daga Jamus da Austria tare da adadin yaran Ingila iri ɗaya. Da yawa daga cikin ɗaliban Jamusawa sun taɓa samun koyarwa daga Bulovas a Berlin. Zuwa shekarar 1937, akwai malamai 23 da ɗalibai 200. A wannan lokacin, Beltane galibi makarantar kwana ce, amma tana ba da guraben karatu ga ɗaliban kwana 60. Da barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], makarantar ta koma Wiltshire ta zama makarantar kwana. == Ma'aikata da tsofaffin ɗalibai masu daraja == * Ernst da Ilsa Bulova sun ci gaba da kafa sansanin wasan kwaikwayo da fasaha na Buck's Rock tare da goyon bayan dangi daga kamfanin agogon Bulova * Ulrich K. Goldsmith ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin harsunan Latin, Jamusanci da Ingilishi tun daga shekarar 1934 zuwa gaba. An tsare shi a matsayin baƙon maƙiyi a watan Yunin 1940 kuma aka mayar da shi Kanada wata guda bayan haka * Arthur Wragg, mai fafutukar zaman lafiya da zane, yana koyarwa a Beltane tun daga shekarar 1941 zuwa gaba <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur WRAGG {{!}} Cornwall Artists Index |url=https://cornwallartists.org/cornwall-artists/arthur-wragg |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=cornwallartists.org}}</ref> * Harry Blamires ya yi aiki a Beltane, bayan an tilasta masa barin aikinsa a Kwalejin Nottingham saboda ya ƙi amincewa da aikinsa da gangan * Denis Grant King, wani mai adawa da aikin soja mai himma, ya koyar da tarihi, ilimin ƙasa, ilmin kayan tarihi da aikin katako. * Barbara Steele <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbara Steele |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/183492%7C17878/Barbara-Steele/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206170615/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/183492%7C17878/Barbara-Steele/ |archive-date=February 6, 2012 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref> ɗaliba ce a Beltane sannan ta halarci Makarantar Sarki Alfred, London * Hilary Kilmarnock ta halarci makarantar tsawon shekara guda bayan ta bar Makarantar Bedales saboda cin zarafi * Charlotte Mayer, mai sassaka wadda lokacin rashin jin daɗinta a makaranta ya yi tasiri ga aikinta * William Bennett (mai son motsa jiki) ya fara busa sarewa a lokacin da yake ɗalibi a Beltane * Ann Dally, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-27 |title=Dr Ann Dally |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/dr-ann-dally-f5sqzf3wptj |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> marubuciya kuma mai ilimin tabin hankali, ɗaliba ce a Beltane. * Edmund Rubbra, mawaki, ya koyar da kiɗa a Beltane * An aika Raoul Bott, masanin lissafi, zuwa Beltane a shekarar 1939 daga Bratislava, inda yaƙin ya kawo cikas ga karatunsa. == Sansanin ɗaurin kurkuku na Makarantar Beltane == Bayan makarantar ta koma Wiltshire, an yi amfani da wurin da aka gina a Wimbledon a matsayin sansanin ɗaurin fursunoni ga 'yan Jamusawa, wanda aka fi sani da "Makarantar Beltane". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Camp 020R at Huntercombe {{!}} Coldspur |url=https://coldspur.com/camp-020r-at-huntercombe/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=coldspur.com}}</ref> Sansanin ya yi zaman tattaunawa da 'yan Nazi da waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan kiyashi, wanda ya kasance batun tambayoyi a Majalisar == Nassoshi == gjqerkdgmwa0bccb6jv6z6hp5ewfto6 0 162328 887874 2026-07-26T20:06:22Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366148563|Other Mommy]]" 887874 wikitext text/x-wiki   Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Other Mommy fim ne mai ban tsoro na Amurka wanda Rob Savage ya jagoranta kuma Nathan Elston ya rubuta shi. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga littafin 2024 Incidents Around the House na Josh Malerman . Tauraruwar [[Jessica Chastain]] a matsayin uwa wacce dole ne ta yi komai don kare 'yarta daga wani abu mai ban mamaki wanda yayi kama da ita. Jay Duplass, Arabella Olivia Clark, Dichen Lachman, Arian Moayed, da Karen Allen suma sun fito a cikin fim din. James Wan yana aiki a matsayin furodusa ta hanyar tutar Blumhouse-Atomic Monster, tare da Spin a Black Yarn . Other Mommy an shirya za a sake su a Amurka a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2026, ta Universal Pictures. == Farko == Wani abu mai ban mamaki da aka sani da "Wani Mama" wanda ke ɗaukar bayyanar mahaifiyar yarinya, yana barazana ga iyalinta, yana damun gidanta. == Yan Wasan Shirin == * [[Jessica Chastain]] a matsayin Ursula, mahaifiyar Bela ** Chastain kuma ya nuna "Wani Uwa", wani abu mai ban mamaki * Jay Duplass a matsayin Russ, mahaifin Bela da mijin Ursula * Arabella Olivia Clark a matsayin Bela * Dichen Lachman * Arian Moayed * Karen Allen a matsayin Kakar Ruth, kakar Bela * Sean Kaufman * Adam Azurfa * Rosie Anne O'Gorman == Fitarwa == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2025, an ba da sanarwar cewa an daidaita littafin Incidents Around the House, tare da Rob Savage yana jagorantar, Nathan Elston yana rubuta rubutun, kuma [[Jessica Chastain]] tana taka rawa a matsayin jagora.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=April 15, 2025 |title=Jessica Chastain To Star In Rob Savage Horror Film From Atomic Monster & Universal Based On Josh Malerman Novel 'Incidents Around The House' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/04/jessica-chastain-rob-saveage-atomic-monster-1236369117/ |access-date=May 23, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A watan Mayu, Jay Duplass ya shiga aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=May 16, 2025 |title=Jay Duplass Joins Jessica Chastain In Rob Savage's Universal/Atomic Monster Horror Pic Based On Josh Malerman Novel 'Incidents Around The House' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/jay-duplass-joins-jessica-chastain-incidents-around-the-house-movie-1236400924/ |access-date=May 23, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Babban daukar hoto ya fara ne a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2025, a [[Dublin]], Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Shubhabrata |date=May 21, 2025 |title=Jessica Chastain's 'Grandma's House' Begins Filming in Dublin in May |url=https://thecinemaholic.com/jessica-chastain-grandmas-house/ |website=TheCinemaholic}}</ref> Dichen Lachman ya shiga aikin a cikin watan da ya biyo baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-06-12 |title='Severance' Breakout Dichen Lachman Joins Rob Savage's Supernatural Horror Film For Universal & Atomic Monster |url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/dichen-lachman-joins-rob-savage-horror-film-universal-atomic-monster-1236432131/ |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A watan Yulin, an kara Arabella Olivia Clark, Sean Kaufman, Adam Silver, da Karen Allen a cikin simintin tare da sake sunan fim din zuwa Sauran Uwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-07-16 |title=Eight-Year-Old Arabella Olivia Clark Lands Lead Role In Uni & Atomic Monster's Supernatural Horror Film 'Other Mommy' From Rob Savage |url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/arabella-olivia-clark-to-star-other-mommy-rob-savage-1236460505/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-07-17 |title=Sean Kaufman & Adam Silver Latest To Join Rob Savage's Supernatural Horror Film 'Other Mommy' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/other-mommy-casts-sean-kaufman-adam-silver-1236461192/ |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-07-24 |title=Karen Allen Latest To Join Rob Savage Horror Film 'Other Mommy' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/other-mommy-movie-casts-karen-allen-1236467258/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Saki == Other Mommy an shirya za a sake shi a Amurka a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=September 16, 2025 |title=Universal Pushes Atomic Monster's 'Other Mommy' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/other-mommy-release-date-pushed-universal-1236545733/ |access-date=September 16, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref> An shirya fim din a baya don fitowa a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2026. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=BORReport}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 39ixpey5sgp99o1c0gykfsxbcgzgvyt 887875 887874 2026-07-26T20:07:14Z Aluja 30485 887875 wikitext text/x-wiki Other Mommy fim ne mai ban tsoro na Amurka wanda Rob Savage ya jagoranta kuma Nathan Elston ya rubuta shi. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga littafin 2024 Incidents Around the House na Josh Malerman . Tauraruwar [[Jessica Chastain]] a matsayin uwa wacce dole ne ta yi komai don kare 'yarta daga wani abu mai ban mamaki wanda yayi kama da ita. Jay Duplass, Arabella Olivia Clark, Dichen Lachman, Arian Moayed, da Karen Allen suma sun fito a cikin fim din. James Wan yana aiki a matsayin furodusa ta hanyar tutar Blumhouse-Atomic Monster, tare da Spin a Black Yarn . Other Mommy an shirya za a sake su a Amurka a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2026, ta Universal Pictures. == Farko == Wani abu mai ban mamaki da aka sani da "Wani Mama" wanda ke ɗaukar bayyanar mahaifiyar yarinya, yana barazana ga iyalinta, yana damun gidanta. == Yan Wasan Shirin == * [[Jessica Chastain]] a matsayin Ursula, mahaifiyar Bela ** Chastain kuma ya nuna "Wani Uwa", wani abu mai ban mamaki * Jay Duplass a matsayin Russ, mahaifin Bela da mijin Ursula * Arabella Olivia Clark a matsayin Bela * Dichen Lachman * Arian Moayed * Karen Allen a matsayin Kakar Ruth, kakar Bela * Sean Kaufman * Adam Azurfa * Rosie Anne O'Gorman == Fitarwa == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2025, an ba da sanarwar cewa an daidaita littafin Incidents Around the House, tare da Rob Savage yana jagorantar, Nathan Elston yana rubuta rubutun, kuma [[Jessica Chastain]] tana taka rawa a matsayin jagora.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=April 15, 2025 |title=Jessica Chastain To Star In Rob Savage Horror Film From Atomic Monster & Universal Based On Josh Malerman Novel 'Incidents Around The House' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/04/jessica-chastain-rob-saveage-atomic-monster-1236369117/ |access-date=May 23, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A watan Mayu, Jay Duplass ya shiga aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=May 16, 2025 |title=Jay Duplass Joins Jessica Chastain In Rob Savage's Universal/Atomic Monster Horror Pic Based On Josh Malerman Novel 'Incidents Around The House' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/jay-duplass-joins-jessica-chastain-incidents-around-the-house-movie-1236400924/ |access-date=May 23, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Babban daukar hoto ya fara ne a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2025, a [[Dublin]], Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Shubhabrata |date=May 21, 2025 |title=Jessica Chastain's 'Grandma's House' Begins Filming in Dublin in May |url=https://thecinemaholic.com/jessica-chastain-grandmas-house/ |website=TheCinemaholic}}</ref> Dichen Lachman ya shiga aikin a cikin watan da ya biyo baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-06-12 |title='Severance' Breakout Dichen Lachman Joins Rob Savage's Supernatural Horror Film For Universal & Atomic Monster |url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/dichen-lachman-joins-rob-savage-horror-film-universal-atomic-monster-1236432131/ |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A watan Yulin, an kara Arabella Olivia Clark, Sean Kaufman, Adam Silver, da Karen Allen a cikin simintin tare da sake sunan fim din zuwa Sauran Uwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-07-16 |title=Eight-Year-Old Arabella Olivia Clark Lands Lead Role In Uni & Atomic Monster's Supernatural Horror Film 'Other Mommy' From Rob Savage |url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/arabella-olivia-clark-to-star-other-mommy-rob-savage-1236460505/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-07-17 |title=Sean Kaufman & Adam Silver Latest To Join Rob Savage's Supernatural Horror Film 'Other Mommy' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/other-mommy-casts-sean-kaufman-adam-silver-1236461192/ |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-07-24 |title=Karen Allen Latest To Join Rob Savage Horror Film 'Other Mommy' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/other-mommy-movie-casts-karen-allen-1236467258/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Saki == Other Mommy an shirya za a sake shi a Amurka a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=September 16, 2025 |title=Universal Pushes Atomic Monster's 'Other Mommy' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/other-mommy-release-date-pushed-universal-1236545733/ |access-date=September 16, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref> An shirya fim din a baya don fitowa a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2026. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=BORReport}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} sahywgna95bogu06mv0k5lx14umf4xy 887877 887875 2026-07-26T20:07:49Z Aluja 30485 887877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Other Mommy fim ne mai ban tsoro na Amurka wanda Rob Savage ya jagoranta kuma Nathan Elston ya rubuta shi. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga littafin 2024 Incidents Around the House na Josh Malerman . Tauraruwar [[Jessica Chastain]] a matsayin uwa wacce dole ne ta yi komai don kare 'yarta daga wani abu mai ban mamaki wanda yayi kama da ita. Jay Duplass, Arabella Olivia Clark, Dichen Lachman, Arian Moayed, da Karen Allen suma sun fito a cikin fim din. James Wan yana aiki a matsayin furodusa ta hanyar tutar Blumhouse-Atomic Monster, tare da Spin a Black Yarn . Other Mommy an shirya za a sake su a Amurka a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2026, ta Universal Pictures. == Farko == Wani abu mai ban mamaki da aka sani da "Wani Mama" wanda ke ɗaukar bayyanar mahaifiyar yarinya, yana barazana ga iyalinta, yana damun gidanta. == Yan Wasan Shirin == * [[Jessica Chastain]] a matsayin Ursula, mahaifiyar Bela ** Chastain kuma ya nuna "Wani Uwa", wani abu mai ban mamaki * Jay Duplass a matsayin Russ, mahaifin Bela da mijin Ursula * Arabella Olivia Clark a matsayin Bela * Dichen Lachman * Arian Moayed * Karen Allen a matsayin Kakar Ruth, kakar Bela * Sean Kaufman * Adam Azurfa * Rosie Anne O'Gorman == Fitarwa == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2025, an ba da sanarwar cewa an daidaita littafin Incidents Around the House, tare da Rob Savage yana jagorantar, Nathan Elston yana rubuta rubutun, kuma [[Jessica Chastain]] tana taka rawa a matsayin jagora.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=April 15, 2025 |title=Jessica Chastain To Star In Rob Savage Horror Film From Atomic Monster & Universal Based On Josh Malerman Novel 'Incidents Around The House' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/04/jessica-chastain-rob-saveage-atomic-monster-1236369117/ |access-date=May 23, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A watan Mayu, Jay Duplass ya shiga aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=May 16, 2025 |title=Jay Duplass Joins Jessica Chastain In Rob Savage's Universal/Atomic Monster Horror Pic Based On Josh Malerman Novel 'Incidents Around The House' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/05/jay-duplass-joins-jessica-chastain-incidents-around-the-house-movie-1236400924/ |access-date=May 23, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Babban daukar hoto ya fara ne a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2025, a [[Dublin]], Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Shubhabrata |date=May 21, 2025 |title=Jessica Chastain's 'Grandma's House' Begins Filming in Dublin in May |url=https://thecinemaholic.com/jessica-chastain-grandmas-house/ |website=TheCinemaholic}}</ref> Dichen Lachman ya shiga aikin a cikin watan da ya biyo baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-06-12 |title='Severance' Breakout Dichen Lachman Joins Rob Savage's Supernatural Horror Film For Universal & Atomic Monster |url=https://deadline.com/2025/06/dichen-lachman-joins-rob-savage-horror-film-universal-atomic-monster-1236432131/ |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> A watan Yulin, an kara Arabella Olivia Clark, Sean Kaufman, Adam Silver, da Karen Allen a cikin simintin tare da sake sunan fim din zuwa Sauran Uwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-07-16 |title=Eight-Year-Old Arabella Olivia Clark Lands Lead Role In Uni & Atomic Monster's Supernatural Horror Film 'Other Mommy' From Rob Savage |url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/arabella-olivia-clark-to-star-other-mommy-rob-savage-1236460505/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-07-17 |title=Sean Kaufman & Adam Silver Latest To Join Rob Savage's Supernatural Horror Film 'Other Mommy' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/other-mommy-casts-sean-kaufman-adam-silver-1236461192/ |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-07-24 |title=Karen Allen Latest To Join Rob Savage Horror Film 'Other Mommy' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/07/other-mommy-movie-casts-karen-allen-1236467258/ |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Saki == Other Mommy an shirya za a sake shi a Amurka a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=September 16, 2025 |title=Universal Pushes Atomic Monster's 'Other Mommy' |url=https://deadline.com/2025/09/other-mommy-release-date-pushed-universal-1236545733/ |access-date=September 16, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref> An shirya fim din a baya don fitowa a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2026. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=BORReport}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ludm5pl5gulpzfxnd1emmkwd7yum9vk 0 162329 887880 2026-07-26T20:18:22Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359346485|Aubrey Fowler]]" 887880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Aubrey Fowler''' (12 ga Yuni, 1920 - 29 ga Fabrairu, 1996) ɗan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka. Ya taka leda a Jami'ar Arkansas a 1946 da 1947 kuma ya taka leda a Baltimore Colts a 1948. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aubrey Fowler Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/F/FowlAu20.htm |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Aubrey Fowler Stats, News & Video - DB, Baltimore Colts |url=https://www.nfl.com/players/aubrey-fowler/ |access-date=May 30, 2020 |website=NFL.com}}</ref> An zabe shi a cikin Hall of Fame na Wasanni na Arkansas a shekarar 1982. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Robert Aubrey "Cobb" Fowler a Hamburg, Arkansas kuma ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Dumas a Dumas, Arkansas . Wani fitaccen ɗan wasa a Dumas, Fowler ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya gudu wa Bobcats. Bayan makarantar sakandare Fowler ya halarci Jami'ar Arkansas Tech, yana buga kwallon kafa ga Wonder Boys . Ya kasance memba na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AIC Champion ta 1939 kafin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai 104 da aka kira zuwa aiki don 206th Coast Artillery na Arkansas National Guard a watan Janairun 1941. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-07 |title=75 Years Later: Remembering the 1945 Wonder Boys |url=https://www.arkansastechnews.com/75-years-later-remembering-the-1945-wonder-boys/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Arkansas Tech University}}</ref> Yayinda yake tsaye a Camp Murray a Tacoma, abokin tsaron Washington Fowler ya kafa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa mai suna Arkansas Travelers . Matafiya sun ci nasara a kan 'yan wasan Puget Sound, inda suka doke abokan adawarsu 279 zuwa 6. Fowler shine babban mai zira kwallaye da kuma mai tsalle-tsalle na PAT ga tawagar. Wasan da aka yi a West Coast, wanda aka fi sani da "Khaki Bowl", da aka yi da Moffett Field Flyers an soke shi da sojoji saboda harin da aka kai Pearl Harbor. Daga baya aka ba Fowler suna mai suna Mai kunna Kwallon Kafa na Arewa maso Yamma na shekara ta 1941.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=1941 Northwest Player of the Year |url=https://www.gnfafootball.org/aubreyfowler.htm |access-date= |publisher=gnfafootball.org}}</ref> Fowler ya sauya zuwa rundunar sojin saman Amurka kuma ya tashi a kan manufofi 33 a kan Jamus, Faransa, Holland, Belgium da Poland a matsayin mai jefa bama-bamai a kan jirgin B-17 a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Bayan yakin, ya koma Arkansas Tech a 1945 kuma ya jagoranci Wonder Boys zuwa wani taken AIC yayin da Tech ya fi abokan adawar su 311 zuwa 6. Fowler ya zira kwallaye 102 a lokacin kakar 1945 kuma a wasu tushe ya jagoranci kasar a zira kwallayen. An sanya masa suna a cikin ƙungiyar AIC All-Conference ta 1945 bayan kakar. Fowler har yanzu yana da rikodin Arkansas Tech guda biyu har zuwa yau. A wasan da aka yi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, 1939 da Kwalejin Malamai ta Jihar Arkansas (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Arkansas ta Tsakiya), Fowler ya buga sau 27 don yadudduka 864 a cikin abin da zai zama 0-0 tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu. Fowler daga nan ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas don buga wa Razorbacks na Kungiyar Kudu maso Yamma. A lokacin kakar 1946 Razorbacks sun kasance masu haɗin gwiwar SWC kuma sun buga LSU a cikin Cotton Bowl Classic . Fowler ya jagoranci tawagar a wucewa, ya kammala 18 daga cikin 40 passes don yadudduka 320, ya zira kwallaye, maki 28 a kan touchdowns uku da 10 PATs, punting, 64 punts don matsakaicin 34.6, da dawowar punt, 22 dawowa don yaduddura 247 (11.2 matsakaici). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kunnawa na tawagar da kuma karin maki. A shekarar 1947 Razorbacks sun gama 6-4-1 kuma sun ci William & Mary a Dixie Bowl . Ya sake jagorantar Razorbacks a cikin punting, 47 punts don matsakaicin 36.0, da kuma dawowar punt, 23 dawowa don yadudduka 395 (ma'auni 17.1). Fowler har yanzu yana da kasancewar a cikin littafin rikodin Razorback . A halin yanzu shi ne na biyu a matsakaicin punt return a cikin kakar wasa tare da 17.17, na uku a punt return yardage a cikin kakar da 395 yadudduka a 1947, na biyar a punt return average a cikin aiki tare da 14.27, na shida a punt return yardge a cikin aiki da 642 yadudduka, kuma an ɗaure shi na takwas a duk lokacin a punts a cikin kakar (64 a 1946). Fowler kuma ya mallaki wasan gudu na tara mafi tsawo a tarihin Arkansas tare da gudu 85-yadi a kan SMU a 1946 da kuma na goma mafi tsawo punt dawowa a tarihin makaranta tare da gudu 75-yadi a gaban Arewacin Texas a 1947. Bayan aikinsa na kwaleji, Philadelphia Eagles ne suka tsara Fowler a zagaye na 18 na shirin NFL na 1948. A maimakon haka zai shiga Baltimore Colts na All-America Football Conference don kakar 1948. Colts sun gama kakar a matsayin 'yan wasan AAFC-East, sun sha kashi a hannun Buffalo Bills a wasan kwaikwayo. Fowler ya gama kakar wasa ta uku a cikin tawagar a cikin tsayarwa na shekara. Fowler ya bar Colts don shiga aikin horarwa. Ya koyar na tsawon shekaru uku a Gundumar Makarantar Pocahontas a Pocahontas, Arkansas kafin ya ci gaba da aiki tare da Hukumar Wasanni da Kifi ta Arkansas. Fowler ya yi ritaya zuwa garinsu na Dumas, Arkansas kafin ya mutu a shekarar 1996. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1996]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] 6vn9ukzwsj5hej3235qdfe0fhas3bc9 887881 887880 2026-07-26T20:18:51Z Aluja 30485 887881 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aubrey Fowler''' (12 ga Yuni, 1920 - 29 ga Fabrairu, 1996) ɗan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka. Ya taka leda a Jami'ar Arkansas a 1946 da 1947 kuma ya taka leda a Baltimore Colts a 1948. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aubrey Fowler Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/F/FowlAu20.htm |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Aubrey Fowler Stats, News & Video - DB, Baltimore Colts |url=https://www.nfl.com/players/aubrey-fowler/ |access-date=May 30, 2020 |website=NFL.com}}</ref> An zabe shi a cikin Hall of Fame na Wasanni na Arkansas a shekarar 1982. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Robert Aubrey "Cobb" Fowler a Hamburg, Arkansas kuma ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Dumas a Dumas, Arkansas . Wani fitaccen ɗan wasa a Dumas, Fowler ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya gudu wa Bobcats. Bayan makarantar sakandare Fowler ya halarci Jami'ar Arkansas Tech, yana buga kwallon kafa ga Wonder Boys . Ya kasance memba na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AIC Champion ta 1939 kafin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai 104 da aka kira zuwa aiki don 206th Coast Artillery na Arkansas National Guard a watan Janairun 1941. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-07 |title=75 Years Later: Remembering the 1945 Wonder Boys |url=https://www.arkansastechnews.com/75-years-later-remembering-the-1945-wonder-boys/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Arkansas Tech University}}</ref> Yayinda yake tsaye a Camp Murray a Tacoma, abokin tsaron Washington Fowler ya kafa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa mai suna Arkansas Travelers . Matafiya sun ci nasara a kan 'yan wasan Puget Sound, inda suka doke abokan adawarsu 279 zuwa 6. Fowler shine babban mai zira kwallaye da kuma mai tsalle-tsalle na PAT ga tawagar. Wasan da aka yi a West Coast, wanda aka fi sani da "Khaki Bowl", da aka yi da Moffett Field Flyers an soke shi da sojoji saboda harin da aka kai Pearl Harbor. Daga baya aka ba Fowler suna mai suna Mai kunna Kwallon Kafa na Arewa maso Yamma na shekara ta 1941.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=1941 Northwest Player of the Year |url=https://www.gnfafootball.org/aubreyfowler.htm |access-date= |publisher=gnfafootball.org}}</ref> Fowler ya sauya zuwa rundunar sojin saman Amurka kuma ya tashi a kan manufofi 33 a kan Jamus, Faransa, Holland, Belgium da Poland a matsayin mai jefa bama-bamai a kan jirgin B-17 a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Bayan yakin, ya koma Arkansas Tech a 1945 kuma ya jagoranci Wonder Boys zuwa wani taken AIC yayin da Tech ya fi abokan adawar su 311 zuwa 6. Fowler ya zira kwallaye 102 a lokacin kakar 1945 kuma a wasu tushe ya jagoranci kasar a zira kwallayen. An sanya masa suna a cikin ƙungiyar AIC All-Conference ta 1945 bayan kakar. Fowler har yanzu yana da rikodin Arkansas Tech guda biyu har zuwa yau. A wasan da aka yi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, 1939 da Kwalejin Malamai ta Jihar Arkansas (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Arkansas ta Tsakiya), Fowler ya buga sau 27 don yadudduka 864 a cikin abin da zai zama 0-0 tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu. Fowler daga nan ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas don buga wa Razorbacks na Kungiyar Kudu maso Yamma. A lokacin kakar 1946 Razorbacks sun kasance masu haɗin gwiwar SWC kuma sun buga LSU a cikin Cotton Bowl Classic . Fowler ya jagoranci tawagar a wucewa, ya kammala 18 daga cikin 40 passes don yadudduka 320, ya zira kwallaye, maki 28 a kan touchdowns uku da 10 PATs, punting, 64 punts don matsakaicin 34.6, da dawowar punt, 22 dawowa don yaduddura 247 (11.2 matsakaici). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kunnawa na tawagar da kuma karin maki. A shekarar 1947 Razorbacks sun gama 6-4-1 kuma sun ci William & Mary a Dixie Bowl . Ya sake jagorantar Razorbacks a cikin punting, 47 punts don matsakaicin 36.0, da kuma dawowar punt, 23 dawowa don yadudduka 395 (ma'auni 17.1). Fowler har yanzu yana da kasancewar a cikin littafin rikodin Razorback . A halin yanzu shi ne na biyu a matsakaicin punt return a cikin kakar wasa tare da 17.17, na uku a punt return yardage a cikin kakar da 395 yadudduka a 1947, na biyar a punt return average a cikin aiki tare da 14.27, na shida a punt return yardge a cikin aiki da 642 yadudduka, kuma an ɗaure shi na takwas a duk lokacin a punts a cikin kakar (64 a 1946). Fowler kuma ya mallaki wasan gudu na tara mafi tsawo a tarihin Arkansas tare da gudu 85-yadi a kan SMU a 1946 da kuma na goma mafi tsawo punt dawowa a tarihin makaranta tare da gudu 75-yadi a gaban Arewacin Texas a 1947. Bayan aikinsa na kwaleji, Philadelphia Eagles ne suka tsara Fowler a zagaye na 18 na shirin NFL na 1948. A maimakon haka zai shiga Baltimore Colts na All-America Football Conference don kakar 1948. Colts sun gama kakar a matsayin 'yan wasan AAFC-East, sun sha kashi a hannun Buffalo Bills a wasan kwaikwayo. Fowler ya gama kakar wasa ta uku a cikin tawagar a cikin tsayarwa na shekara. Fowler ya bar Colts don shiga aikin horarwa. Ya koyar na tsawon shekaru uku a Gundumar Makarantar Pocahontas a Pocahontas, Arkansas kafin ya ci gaba da aiki tare da Hukumar Wasanni da Kifi ta Arkansas. Fowler ya yi ritaya zuwa garinsu na Dumas, Arkansas kafin ya mutu a shekarar 1996. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1996]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] r4xuuog37kk7qhq04guei8f13kdso6t 887882 887881 2026-07-26T20:19:09Z Aluja 30485 887882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aubrey Fowler''' (12 ga Yuni, 1920 - 29 ga Fabrairu, 1996) ɗan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na Amurka. Ya taka leda a Jami'ar Arkansas a 1946 da 1947 kuma ya taka leda a Baltimore Colts a 1948. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aubrey Fowler Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/F/FowlAu20.htm |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Aubrey Fowler Stats, News & Video - DB, Baltimore Colts |url=https://www.nfl.com/players/aubrey-fowler/ |access-date=May 30, 2020 |website=NFL.com}}</ref> An zabe shi a cikin Hall of Fame na Wasanni na Arkansas a shekarar 1982. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Robert Aubrey "Cobb" Fowler a Hamburg, Arkansas kuma ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Dumas a Dumas, Arkansas . Wani fitaccen ɗan wasa a Dumas, Fowler ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya gudu wa Bobcats. Bayan makarantar sakandare Fowler ya halarci Jami'ar Arkansas Tech, yana buga kwallon kafa ga Wonder Boys . Ya kasance memba na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta AIC Champion ta 1939 kafin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai 104 da aka kira zuwa aiki don 206th Coast Artillery na Arkansas National Guard a watan Janairun 1941. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-07 |title=75 Years Later: Remembering the 1945 Wonder Boys |url=https://www.arkansastechnews.com/75-years-later-remembering-the-1945-wonder-boys/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=Arkansas Tech University}}</ref> Yayinda yake tsaye a Camp Murray a Tacoma, abokin tsaron Washington Fowler ya kafa ƙungiyar kwallon kafa mai suna Arkansas Travelers . Matafiya sun ci nasara a kan 'yan wasan Puget Sound, inda suka doke abokan adawarsu 279 zuwa 6. Fowler shine babban mai zira kwallaye da kuma mai tsalle-tsalle na PAT ga tawagar. Wasan da aka yi a West Coast, wanda aka fi sani da "Khaki Bowl", da aka yi da Moffett Field Flyers an soke shi da sojoji saboda harin da aka kai Pearl Harbor. Daga baya aka ba Fowler suna mai suna Mai kunna Kwallon Kafa na Arewa maso Yamma na shekara ta 1941.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=1941 Northwest Player of the Year |url=https://www.gnfafootball.org/aubreyfowler.htm |access-date= |publisher=gnfafootball.org}}</ref> Fowler ya sauya zuwa rundunar sojin saman Amurka kuma ya tashi a kan manufofi 33 a kan Jamus, Faransa, Holland, Belgium da Poland a matsayin mai jefa bama-bamai a kan jirgin B-17 a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Bayan yakin, ya koma Arkansas Tech a 1945 kuma ya jagoranci Wonder Boys zuwa wani taken AIC yayin da Tech ya fi abokan adawar su 311 zuwa 6. Fowler ya zira kwallaye 102 a lokacin kakar 1945 kuma a wasu tushe ya jagoranci kasar a zira kwallayen. An sanya masa suna a cikin ƙungiyar AIC All-Conference ta 1945 bayan kakar. Fowler har yanzu yana da rikodin Arkansas Tech guda biyu har zuwa yau. A wasan da aka yi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, 1939 da Kwalejin Malamai ta Jihar Arkansas (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Arkansas ta Tsakiya), Fowler ya buga sau 27 don yadudduka 864 a cikin abin da zai zama 0-0 tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu. Fowler daga nan ya koma Jami'ar Arkansas don buga wa Razorbacks na Kungiyar Kudu maso Yamma. A lokacin kakar 1946 Razorbacks sun kasance masu haɗin gwiwar SWC kuma sun buga LSU a cikin Cotton Bowl Classic . Fowler ya jagoranci tawagar a wucewa, ya kammala 18 daga cikin 40 passes don yadudduka 320, ya zira kwallaye, maki 28 a kan touchdowns uku da 10 PATs, punting, 64 punts don matsakaicin 34.6, da dawowar punt, 22 dawowa don yaduddura 247 (11.2 matsakaici). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kunnawa na tawagar da kuma karin maki. A shekarar 1947 Razorbacks sun gama 6-4-1 kuma sun ci William & Mary a Dixie Bowl . Ya sake jagorantar Razorbacks a cikin punting, 47 punts don matsakaicin 36.0, da kuma dawowar punt, 23 dawowa don yadudduka 395 (ma'auni 17.1). Fowler har yanzu yana da kasancewar a cikin littafin rikodin Razorback . A halin yanzu shi ne na biyu a matsakaicin punt return a cikin kakar wasa tare da 17.17, na uku a punt return yardage a cikin kakar da 395 yadudduka a 1947, na biyar a punt return average a cikin aiki tare da 14.27, na shida a punt return yardge a cikin aiki da 642 yadudduka, kuma an ɗaure shi na takwas a duk lokacin a punts a cikin kakar (64 a 1946). Fowler kuma ya mallaki wasan gudu na tara mafi tsawo a tarihin Arkansas tare da gudu 85-yadi a kan SMU a 1946 da kuma na goma mafi tsawo punt dawowa a tarihin makaranta tare da gudu 75-yadi a gaban Arewacin Texas a 1947. Bayan aikinsa na kwaleji, Philadelphia Eagles ne suka tsara Fowler a zagaye na 18 na shirin NFL na 1948. A maimakon haka zai shiga Baltimore Colts na All-America Football Conference don kakar 1948. Colts sun gama kakar a matsayin 'yan wasan AAFC-East, sun sha kashi a hannun Buffalo Bills a wasan kwaikwayo. Fowler ya gama kakar wasa ta uku a cikin tawagar a cikin tsayarwa na shekara. Fowler ya bar Colts don shiga aikin horarwa. Ya koyar na tsawon shekaru uku a Gundumar Makarantar Pocahontas a Pocahontas, Arkansas kafin ya ci gaba da aiki tare da Hukumar Wasanni da Kifi ta Arkansas. Fowler ya yi ritaya zuwa garinsu na Dumas, Arkansas kafin ya mutu a shekarar 1996. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1996]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] hz3wiat9ni15nwxlhbrtavt82h93us4 3 162330 887886 2026-07-26T21:23:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887886 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, UserAndEditor! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/UserAndEditor|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. 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[[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) qhvueshybq4m05qcu1n9wpbhvrc7a1k 3 162331 887887 2026-07-26T21:23:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887887 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tonton09! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tonton09|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 89sgmzio35m0g54hj0zwnqq9qd7e9bl 3 162332 887888 2026-07-26T21:23:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887888 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 1timeuse75! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/1timeuse75|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. 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[[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) jkhk6eb3tm2b6jqc1y6wwq8zv2vo26c 3 162333 887889 2026-07-26T21:23:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887889 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, LilitSah! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/LilitSah|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) hbzvnngu6xp78voy48bb3fesy497tbj 3 162334 887890 2026-07-26T21:23:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887890 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lotenzok76! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lotenzok76|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 683ybcomla975bceoaoobnndlekvj5v 3 162335 887891 2026-07-26T21:24:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887891 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Martinsky49! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Martinsky49|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) te1tnj845f8o50ujrubr6kqttns9ocd 3 162336 887892 2026-07-26T21:24:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887892 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, U,sarakee! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/U,sarakee|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) q2lmn6t8k39s9e98vqhkbsgeaismpym 3 162337 887893 2026-07-26T21:24:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887893 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Quarek Name! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Quarek Name|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) edgwmex82yts95b755grb4a78adjqos 3 162338 887894 2026-07-26T21:24:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887894 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tocdor! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tocdor|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 63amrwvciwit9gopib2v3ub1qc9map5 3 162339 887895 2026-07-26T21:24:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887895 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kırmızı süleyman! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kırmızı süleyman|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) p3eg8vr7lsj96ekgu2pjmkl0j8xv3dg 3 162340 887896 2026-07-26T21:24:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887896 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Fork99! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Fork99|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) pbpt56te0tahlp4x8m7czvppy0wttks 3 162341 887897 2026-07-26T21:25:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887897 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SalemMannequinn! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SalemMannequinn|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) ib9udkeb7h8hv55oylhq3dkbxegg6sa 3 162342 887898 2026-07-26T21:25:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887898 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mtaylor848! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mtaylor848|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) fnm5869tpes2garyh3xujvu0hu1km6z 3 162343 887899 2026-07-26T21:25:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887899 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Morwen! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Morwen|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 0rt3d2hr37zs90dntacvronaxvcu9bn 3 162344 887900 2026-07-26T21:25:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887900 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sisoko3453! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sisoko3453|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) aavxq1z9cijvkn0bm64swukocm5fx1i 3 162345 887901 2026-07-26T21:25:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887901 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dave199727! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dave199727|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) nsb1akp33b3pb355abeyhi9d9sf0jo8 3 162346 887902 2026-07-26T21:25:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887902 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dgreusard! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dgreusard|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) bos5rz80ecguoyv1bgh5xbhn8j0tlme 3 162347 887903 2026-07-26T21:26:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887903 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Henry Manase! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Henry Manase|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) fdw1lt6nyd2z5ehd5wrcwccwyn6pfb9 3 162348 887904 2026-07-26T21:26:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887904 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Chaing Kia shek! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Chaing Kia shek|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 43fczouh8rmbk7nrdc1o9ktun3au0ks 3 162349 887905 2026-07-26T21:26:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887905 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ThatGuy30722! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ThatGuy30722|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 0asyn8tv1mlrvnnxk02cxmrj4rvbytn 3 162350 887906 2026-07-26T21:26:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887906 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 수민이! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/수민이|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) ifbayz3g2ffqqvzcqntwtveweyjmb46 3 162351 887907 2026-07-26T21:26:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887907 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jedgold! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jedgold|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) imn2hm7mb2wa4v3h80uelisjls730b8 3 162352 887908 2026-07-26T21:26:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887908 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Pineapple fez! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Pineapple fez|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) lcvevv0uxvmmi3kpa7jslu1besmuhik 3 162353 887909 2026-07-26T21:27:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887909 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Chitwan27! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Chitwan27|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 5vckl485ovqe6lhrj9q4bxpjdjn7men 3 162354 887910 2026-07-26T21:27:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887910 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, EmergentAnarchy! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/EmergentAnarchy|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) n8fur4ww02g37tpyyo08qe80987vfrf 3 162355 887911 2026-07-26T21:27:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 887911 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Rafalmaitham! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Rafalmaitham|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 26 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) ntme931d4wafacjw2ucxldmmclvmwsa 0 162357 887932 2026-07-27T02:38:42Z Lysandery 47323 Sabon abun ciki 887932 wikitext text/x-wiki "Dinorwic Railway" wani layin dogo ne mai tsawon ƙafa 2 (610 mm) wanda ya haɗa wurin hakar dutse a Dinorwic a Caernarvonshire da tashar jiragen ruwa ta bakin teku a Y Felinheli. A wasu lokutan ana kiran layin da Dinorwic Tramroad ko Dinorwic Tramway.{{sfn|Turner|1975|p=65}} el3vm2dnc4pg8jw94e17h7dc7ca3igo 887934 887932 2026-07-27T02:39:53Z Lysandery 47323 887934 wikitext text/x-wiki "Dinorwic Railway" wani layin dogo ne mai tsawon ƙafa 2 (610 mm) wanda ya haɗa wurin hakar dutse a Dinorwic a Caernarvonshire da tashar jiragen ruwa ta bakin teku a Y Felinheli. A wasu lokutan ana kiran layin da Dinorwic Tramroad ko Dinorwic Tramway.{{sfn|Turner|1975|p=65}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} fldccn2bc144f21q3u9qbas0jhwxwrw 887968 887934 2026-07-27T05:14:17Z Mahuta 11340 887968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} "Dinorwic Railway" wani layin dogo ne mai tsawon ƙafa 2 (610 mm) wanda ya haɗa wurin hakar dutse a Dinorwic a Caernarvonshire da tashar jiragen ruwa ta bakin teku a Y Felinheli. A wasu lokutan ana kiran layin da Dinorwic Tramroad ko Dinorwic Tramway.{{sfn|Turner|1975|p=65}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} sfh188mk4l9jdevbbo45mtnm62w5jyt 887971 887968 2026-07-27T05:55:50Z Lysandery 47323 887971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dinorwic Railway''' wani layin dogo ne mai tsawon ƙafa 2 (610 mm) wanda ya haɗa wurin hakar dutse a Dinorwic a Caernarvonshire da tashar jiragen ruwa ta bakin teku a Y Felinheli. A wasu lokutan ana kiran layin da Dinorwic Tramroad ko Dinorwic Tramway.{{sfn|Turner|1975|p=65}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ost5snn8umafau9a4hqb86i4rr2b541 0 162358 887935 2026-07-27T02:45:19Z Lysandery 47323 Sabon Labari 887935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sung Si-Bak''' (Yaren Koriya: 성시백; Hanja: 成始柏, Lafazin Koriya: [sʌŋ.ɕi.bɛ̝k̚]; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1987, a Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu) ɗan tseren kankara ne na Koriya ta Kudu. A Jami'ar Winter Universiade ta 2007, ya lashe dukkan gasa biyar na kankara a kan kankara. Sung ya fara yin tsere a kan kankara a makarantar firamare bisa ga umarnin iyayensa, waɗanda suka yi fatan hakan zai taimaka masa ya ƙara ƙarfi. Kusan ya daina wasan don ci gaba da karatunsa, amma ya zaɓi ci gaba da horo a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan tseren kankara.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Si-Bak Sung, Short Track | work = Athletes | publisher = Vancouver 2010 | year = 2010 | url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-short-track-speed-skating/athletes/si-bak-sung_ath1006285mL.html | accessdate = 2010-02-14}}</ref> m9j7e6c1k24diku4nh61nv4xguuixxm 887936 887935 2026-07-27T02:45:39Z Lysandery 47323 887936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sung Si-Bak''' (Yaren Koriya: 성시백; Hanja: 成始柏, Lafazin Koriya: [sʌŋ.ɕi.bɛ̝k̚]; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1987, a Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu) ɗan tseren kankara ne na Koriya ta Kudu. A Jami'ar Winter Universiade ta 2007, ya lashe dukkan gasa biyar na kankara a kan kankara. Sung ya fara yin tsere a kan kankara a makarantar firamare bisa ga umarnin iyayensa, waɗanda suka yi fatan hakan zai taimaka masa ya ƙara ƙarfi. Kusan ya daina wasan don ci gaba da karatunsa, amma ya zaɓi ci gaba da horo a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan tseren kankara.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Si-Bak Sung, Short Track | work = Athletes | publisher = Vancouver 2010 | year = 2010 | url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-short-track-speed-skating/athletes/si-bak-sung_ath1006285mL.html | accessdate = 2010-02-14}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} hcve6uaebovmbc24t6l7cap2jnl6nug 887967 887936 2026-07-27T05:13:24Z Mahuta 11340 887967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sung Si-Bak''' (Yaren Koriya: 성시백; Hanja: 成始柏, Lafazin Koriya: [sʌŋ.ɕi.bɛ̝k̚]; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1987, a Seoul, Koriya ta Kudu) ɗan tseren kankara ne na Koriya ta Kudu. A Jami'ar Winter Universiade ta 2007, ya lashe dukkan gasa biyar na kankara a kan kankara. Sung ya fara yin tsere a kan kankara a makarantar firamare bisa ga umarnin iyayensa, waɗanda suka yi fatan hakan zai taimaka masa ya ƙara ƙarfi. Kusan ya daina wasan don ci gaba da karatunsa, amma ya zaɓi ci gaba da horo a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan tseren kankara.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Si-Bak Sung, Short Track | work = Athletes | publisher = Vancouver 2010 | year = 2010 | url = http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-short-track-speed-skating/athletes/si-bak-sung_ath1006285mL.html | accessdate = 2010-02-14}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1omhulw2v8ja7sovh70o2k7thncp67s 2 162359 887937 2026-07-27T02:48:00Z Lysandery 47323 Sabon shafi: Teku, ƙanƙara, da duwatsu duk kyauta ne daga yanayi. 887937 wikitext text/x-wiki Teku, ƙanƙara, da duwatsu duk kyauta ne daga yanayi. m7sufg1uknh9eeogm0ot57rvywhpuce 0 162360 887938 2026-07-27T02:51:22Z Lysandery 47323 Sabon abun 887938 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vivian Davis Figures''' (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1957) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Amurka wacce 'yar Democrat ce a Majalisar Dattawan Alabama, tana wakiltar Gundumar 33 a Gundumar Mobile tun lokacin da aka zaɓe ta a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 1997, don ta yi sauran wa'adin mijinta da ya rasu, Sanata Michael Figures, wanda ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Alabama na ɗan lokaci. An sake zaɓenta ba tare da wata hamayya ba a 1998 da 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislature.state.al.us/senate/senators/senatebios/sd033.html |title=Alabama State Senate: Vivian Davis Figures |access-date=December 15, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516063507/http://www.legislature.state.al.us/senate/senators/senatebios/sd033.html |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} b1u5do9gdf8c9vzbp4twhtogv4cxul0 888031 887938 2026-07-27T09:31:11Z Mahuta 11340 888031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Vivian Davis Figures''' (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1957) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Amurka wacce 'yar Democrat ce a Majalisar Dattawan Alabama, tana wakiltar Gundumar 33 a Gundumar Mobile tun lokacin da aka zaɓe ta a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 1997, don ta yi sauran wa'adin mijinta da ya rasu, Sanata Michael Figures, wanda ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Dattawan Alabama na ɗan lokaci. An sake zaɓenta ba tare da wata hamayya ba a 1998 da 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislature.state.al.us/senate/senators/senatebios/sd033.html |title=Alabama State Senate: Vivian Davis Figures |access-date=December 15, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516063507/http://www.legislature.state.al.us/senate/senators/senatebios/sd033.html |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 0zdkyxjv0svgv66q5vgj9nillwm4i8l 0 162362 887942 2026-07-27T03:07:24Z Lysandery 47323 Sabon shafi: '''Shirley Eclipse Brick''' (20 ga Yuni, 1898 - 3 ga Janairu, 1929) ta kasance 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka wacce ta buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji ga Rice da kuma wasa ɗaya a Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararru ta Amurka (APFA) ga Buffalo All-Americans. 887942 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shirley Eclipse Brick''' (20 ga Yuni, 1898 - 3 ga Janairu, 1929) ta kasance 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka wacce ta buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji ga Rice da kuma wasa ɗaya a Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararru ta Amurka (APFA) ga Buffalo All-Americans. hj6r3r068vic13jprbo4jkl5t24hb1r 0 162363 887955 2026-07-27T04:58:56Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362651343|Brigitte Adler]]" 887955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brigitte Adler''' a cikin wannan hoton ya kasance yana da faɗin ƙasar nan take da ikon tafiyar wannan hoton ya dace na zaba domin ya sanya ma mutanen wannan ƙasa a wuri mai sanyi yake nuna tsarkin ya sanya ma su nayi rayuwa.(22 Afrilu 1944 &#x2013; 25 Oktoba 2004) 'yar siyasa ce ta Jamus a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) kuma tsohuwar memba a Majalisar Dokokin Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1998-02-28 |title=Die Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages - 1.-13. Wahlperiode: Alphabetisches Gesamtverzeichnis |trans-title=The members of the German Bundestag - 1st - 13th term of office: Alphabetical complete index |url=http://webarchiv.bundestag.de/cgi/show.php?fileToLoad=627&id=12 |access-date=2020-05-21 |website=webarchiv.bundestag.de |publisher=Deutscher Bundestag, Verwaltung WD 3 / ZI 5 |language=de}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Adler a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1944 a Drangstedt, Wesermünde . Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wertheim, inda ta kammala jarrabawar shiga jami'a. Ta halarci kwalejin horar da malamai ta Heidelberg da kuma Cibiyar Malaman Firamare ta Weingarten/Tettnang, inda ta kammala jarrabawar Sashe na I da na II na horar da malamai. == PSana'a == Ta kasance memba a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) tun daga shekarar 1970. Ta koma Majalisar Dokokin Jamus a zaɓen tarayya na 1987 a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin jihar Baden-Württemberg. Ta yi haka a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na 1990 da 1994 kuma ta kasance mamba kuma sakatare na Kwamitin Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba a wa'adin 1994 zuwa 1998. == Adabi ==   == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] c5rpwt9cx4td71142xuq0rovpw3tov6 887957 887955 2026-07-27T04:59:36Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 887957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brigitte Adler''' .(22 Afrilu 1944 &#x2013; 25 Oktoba 2004) 'yar siyasa ce ta Jamus a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) kuma tsohuwar memba a Majalisar Dokokin Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1998-02-28 |title=Die Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages - 1.-13. Wahlperiode: Alphabetisches Gesamtverzeichnis |trans-title=The members of the German Bundestag - 1st - 13th term of office: Alphabetical complete index |url=http://webarchiv.bundestag.de/cgi/show.php?fileToLoad=627&id=12 |access-date=2020-05-21 |website=webarchiv.bundestag.de |publisher=Deutscher Bundestag, Verwaltung WD 3 / ZI 5 |language=de}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Adler a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1944 a Drangstedt, Wesermünde . Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wertheim, inda ta kammala jarrabawar shiga jami'a. Ta halarci kwalejin horar da malamai ta Heidelberg da kuma Cibiyar Malaman Firamare ta Weingarten/Tettnang, inda ta kammala jarrabawar Sashe na I da na II na horar da malamai. == PSana'a == Ta kasance memba a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) tun daga shekarar 1970. Ta koma Majalisar Dokokin Jamus a zaɓen tarayya na 1987 a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin jihar Baden-Württemberg. Ta yi haka a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na 1990 da 1994 kuma ta kasance mamba kuma sakatare na Kwamitin Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba a wa'adin 1994 zuwa 1998. == Adabi ==   == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] pvj8prblem0i2nh4idtvue80llfh4az 887958 887957 2026-07-27T05:00:55Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 887958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Brigitte Adler''' .(22 Afrilu 1944 &#x2013; 25 Oktoba 2004) 'yar siyasa ce ta Jamus a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) kuma tsohuwar memba a Majalisar Dokokin Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1998-02-28 |title=Die Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages - 1.-13. Wahlperiode: Alphabetisches Gesamtverzeichnis |trans-title=The members of the German Bundestag - 1st - 13th term of office: Alphabetical complete index |url=http://webarchiv.bundestag.de/cgi/show.php?fileToLoad=627&id=12 |access-date=2020-05-21 |website=webarchiv.bundestag.de |publisher=Deutscher Bundestag, Verwaltung WD 3 / ZI 5 |language=de}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Adler a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1944 a Drangstedt, Wesermünde . Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wertheim, inda ta kammala jarrabawar shiga jami'a. Ta halarci kwalejin horar da malamai ta Heidelberg da kuma Cibiyar Malaman Firamare ta Weingarten/Tettnang, inda ta kammala jarrabawar Sashe na I da na II na horar da malamai. == PSana'a == Ta kasance memba a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) tun daga shekarar 1970. Ta koma Majalisar Dokokin Jamus a zaɓen tarayya na 1987 a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin jihar Baden-Württemberg. Ta yi haka a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na 1990 da 1994 kuma ta kasance mamba kuma sakatare na Kwamitin Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba a wa'adin 1994 zuwa 1998. == Adabi ==   == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] 5umyt2epgvcqosz375eky1q32d86mv8 0 162364 888028 2026-07-27T09:23:07Z Smshika 14840 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364191517|Pingtan Island]]" 888028 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''tsibirin Pingtan''' ko '''Tsibirin Haitan''' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Faming Huang, Yanhong Lin, Huixin Liang, Rongrong Zhao, Qiuming Chen, Jie Lin and Jinliang Huang |date=3 December 2019 |title=Coordination of Marine Functional Zoning Revision at the Provincial and Municipal Levels: A Case Study of Putian, China |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/7/12/442/pdf |journal=[[Journal of Marine Science and Engineering]] |volume=7 |issue=12 |page=5 |bibcode=2019JMSE....7..442H |doi=10.3390/jmse7120442 |access-date=10 February 2020 |quote=Haitan Island |doi-access=free}}</ref> tsibiri ne na Fuzhou a gabashin gabar gabashin Asiya a cikin Gundumar Pingtan, Lardin Fujian, kasar Sin, kudu da hadaddun Kogin Min. Ita ce tsibirin mafi girma a Fujian kuma tsibiri na biyar mafi girma da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Pingtan |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/home/2012-07/24/content_15612106.htm |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> == Tarihi == A watan Yunin 1955, akwai hanyoyi masu yawa da gine-ginen soja a fadin tsibirin Haitan, gami da hanyoyin da ke haifar da yiwuwar matsayi na bindigogi a cikin ƙasar. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan matsayi don kare Haitan Strait, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wuri mai kyau don ci gaba da ayyukan amphibious a kan Tsibirin Matsu, har ma da Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 1955 |title=Current Intelligence Weekly Summary |url=https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP79-00927A000500120003-3 |publisher=[[CIA]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP79-00927A000500120003-3/page/n11 2] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> An kara shafin a cikin [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Tentative List a cikin shekara ta 2001, a ƙarƙashin Haitan Scenic Spots, a cikin Mixed category (Al'adu & Halitta). == Yanayin ƙasa == A fannin gudanarwa, tsibirin yana daga cikin yankin Pingtan, wanda ya hada da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa da kuma wani ɓangare na yankin da ke kusa. Yawancin garuruwan gundumar, gami da kujerar gwamnati a Tancheng, suna kan tsibirin. Manyan yankuna na bakin tekun tsibirin sun sami farfadowar ƙasa, tare da manyan gine-gine da ayyukan ababen more rayuwa. Pingtan ya rabu da kasar Sin ta hanyar Haitan Strait . Yawancin yankin da ke kusa da shi shine garin Fuqing, wanda ake gudanarwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na garin Fuzhou. Pingtan ya rabu da [[Yanayin Taiwan|Tsibirin Taiwan]] ta hanyar Taiwan Strait . Bayan kammala gadar ta zuwa babban yankin a shekara ta 2010, ana iya ɗaukar Pingtan a matsayin mafi kusanci na "babban" kasar Sin zuwa tsibirin Taiwan. A karkashin yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta yanzu, iyakar kudancin tsibirin ta zama iyaka tsakanin Tekun Gabas da Kudancin China.[6]A cikin rubutun da ba a amince da shi ba na sabon fitowar IHO's Limits of Oceans and Seas, {{Nowrap|Cape Xiang}} - iyakar ''arewacin'' tsibirin - ya zama iyaka tsakanin Tekun Gabashin China da Taiwan Strait, tare da Tekun Kudancin China yana da iyakar arewa ta koma kudancin iyakar.[7] A rana mai haske, yana yiwuwa a fitar da Xueshan (Dutse mai dusar ƙanƙara) a [[Taiwan]]" id="mwTQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Island of Taiwan">tsibirin Taiwan daga Pingtan Beach, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan lokuta inda ido zai iya gani tsakanin ƙasar Sin da Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanway |first=David |last2=Diviggiano |first2=Alessandro |date=5 August 2022 |title=Across the sea from Taiwan, Chinese tourists await island's 'return' |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/across-sea-taiwan-chinese-tourists-await-islands-return-2022-08-05/ |access-date=23 May 2026 |website=reuters.com |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2022 |title=从大陆真的可以看到台湾本岛，就在平潭海滩 |url=https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/505150987 |access-date=23 May 2026 |website=知乎专栏 |publisher=[[Zhihu]] |language=zh}}</ref> === Yanayi === A karkashin [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen]], Pingtan yana da [[Yanayin zafi mai zafi]] (''Cfa''), wanda ke da zafi, lokacin zafi da hunturu mai sauƙi. A cikin shekara, matsakaicin zafin jiki yana da kusan 66.92 ° F. &nbsp;Ranar da ta fi zafi a shekara tana tsakanin Yuli da Agusta, tare da matsakaicin 82.4 ° F. &nbsp;Ranar da ta fi sanyi a shekara tana tsakanin Janairu da Fabrairu, tare da matsakaicin 51.8 ° F. &nbsp;Pingtan bai taba fuskantar matsanancin zafin jiki a karkashin 32 ° F ba. &nbsp;Saboda Pingtan yana tsakanin Haitan Strait da Taiwan Strait, saurin iska yana da girma tare da matsakaicin shekara-shekara 4.8 m / s (10 mph). <ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 |url=http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101230108.shtml |access-date=2021-04-20 |website=www.weather.com.cn}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; === Muhalli === [[Fayil:發光的藍眼淚.jpg|thumb|Hawaye masu launin shudi]] "Blue hawaye" wani abu ne wanda ya haifar da fure na plankton Vargula hilgendorfii . Wannan dabba tana haskaka haske lokacin da aka dame shi a cikin ruwa mai wahala, don haka ya haifar da haske mai launin shudi. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa a lokacin rani, a lokacin Afrilu zuwa Agusta. "Blue hawaye" yana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa zuwa Pingtan. Koyaya, babban barkewar lamarin na iya cutar da muhalli, yayin da yake rage iskar oxygen kuma ya saki guba a cikin teku. Wannan na iya haifar da [[Furen algal mai lahani|jan ruwa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carey |first=Jonathan |date=2019-06-14 |title=China's Bioluminescent Blue Tears Are Beautiful and Associated With Toxic Blooms |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/china-blue-tears-red-tides |access-date=2021-04-20 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Tsibirin ya dogara da yawon bude ido kuma yana tsammanin cewa saka hannun jari na kasashen waje zai haifar da ci gaban tattalin arziki. An kammala babbar gada ta farko da ta haye Haitan Strait a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, ta haɗa tsibirin zuwa Fuqing a kan babban yankin. Ya kai mita 4,976 (mil 3), ya kashe RMB biliyan 1.4 (kimanin dala miliyan 200) don ginawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pingtan Island, a before and after story in the making |url=http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news14842.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930003100/http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news14842.html |archive-date=30 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2010 |publisher=Whats On Xiamen , Inc.}}</ref> Jirgin kasa na Fuzhou-Pingtan mai tsawon kilomita 88.5 (Fuping Railway, 福平铁路), wanda ke haɗa Fuzhou zuwa tsibirin Pingtan, ta hanyar Changle da jerin gadoji, ana ginawa. An amince da aikin a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. An sa ran aikin zai fara a ƙarshen shekara, kuma an kammala shi a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=福平铁路正式开通运营 |url=http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2588025/n2588124/c16324946/content.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010142604/http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2588025/n2588124/c16324946/content.html |archive-date=October 10, 2023}}</ref> A farkon shekara ta 2012, an ba da sanarwar cewa za a gina babban cibiyar lissafin girgije a Pingtan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China to Build Cloud Computing Center in Pingtan Near Taiwan |url=http://www.hostingtecnews.com/china-build-cloud-computing-center-pingtan-near-taiwan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415170333/http://www.hostingtecnews.com/china-build-cloud-computing-center-pingtan-near-taiwan |archive-date=15 April 2012 |access-date=6 August 2012 |publisher=Hostingtecnews}}</ref> == Al'adu == Gidan kayan gargajiya murabba'in mita 430,000 (40,000 m), Gidan kayan tarihi na Pingtan, a halin yanzu ana ginawa a tsibirin. Gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda kamfanin MAD Studio na kasar Sin da Amurka ya tsara a tsibirin wucin gadi, an shirya shi don kammalawa a cikin 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China - The museum is an island |url=http://www.inexhibit.com/case-studies/china-museum-island-pingtan-art-museum-mad/ |access-date=March 9, 2015 |publisher=[[Inexhibit]]}}</ref> [[File:Longfengtou_Beach.jpeg|thumb|Kogin Longfengtou]] == Wuraren sha'awa == Saboda wurin Pingtan, yana fuskantar iskar teku mai ƙarfi a duk shekara. Don yaki da yanayin, mazauna ƙauyen suna gina gidajensu da duwatsu. Tsoffin gidajen da aka gina da dutse na gargajiya suna tsayayya da iska da raƙuman ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colorful castles of stone in Pingtan |url=http://en.chinaculture.org/chineseway/2014-12/22/content_587222_2.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=en.chinaculture.org}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, gidan yana da kyau a zauna a ciki. Wannan salon gine-gine na musamman yana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa kuma yana haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki. Ƙauyen Beigang sanannen ƙauyen kamun kifi ne, wanda ke da gidaje masu yawa na dutse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭石头屋{{!}}文章{{!}}中国国家地理网 |url=http://www.dili360.com/article/p543bc9b1c086a19.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.dili360.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief introduction to Beigang Village |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/fujian/pingtan/2017-02/09/content_28146502.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> Pingtan yana da babban tsohon gini na al'adu mai suna Haitan Ancient City, sanannen wurin hutu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pingtan's Top 10 Must-See Scenic Sports |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/fujian/pingtan/pingtantop10mustseescenicsports.html |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> Yankin rairayin bakin teku a Pingtan kuma wuri ne mai kyau, wanda ke nuna dogon bakin teku da rairayin rairayin kan teku. Longfengtou Beach sanannen rairayin bakin teku ne, wanda ke rufe kimanin hekta 21 (52 acres), a tsawon kilomita 9.5 (6 miles). Tana kusa da Haitan Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Longfengtou Beach[1] |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/fujian/pingtan/2017-02/17/content_28238121.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> [[Fayil:Longfengtou_Beach.jpg|thumb|Rana ta fito a Longfengtou Beach]] [[Fayil:Haitan_Ancient_City.jpg|thumb|Birnin Haitan na Dā]] == Wasanni == A cikin 2017 China Sports Culture: Sports Tourism Expo, an zabi Pingtan a matsayin "2017 China's Top Ten Sports Tourism Destinations". A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Pingtan ya yi amfani da fa'idodi na manufofinsa, fa'idorin wuri da fa'idodin albarkatun kasa da kasa don samun nasarar karbar bakuncin bukukuwan Kite Surfing na kasa da kasa, budewa na kasa da kuma bude ruwa, gasar cin kofin jirgin ruwa ta kasa da kasa. Shirin Yawon Bude Ido na Pingtan ya ja hankalin masana'antu da masu yawon bude ido.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭大力发展体育旅游 打造国际海上休闲基地和国际时尚运动基地 |url=http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_65564 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421143333/http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_65564 |archive-date=2021-04-21 |access-date=2021-04-22 |website=www.pingtan.gov.cn}}</ref> === Jirgin sama === Saboda wurin, Pingtan shine yankin da ke da yanayin iska mafi kyau a kasar Sin. Matsakaicin iska na shekara-shekara ya kai 20 knots. Lokaci mafi kyau don kiteboarding a Pingtan shine daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba. Tare da yanayin iska mai kyau da ruwa mai laushi, [[LV beach|Rairayin bakin teku na LV]] ya zama wurin da ya fi shahara a Pingtan. Ga mutanen da suka zo daga nesa, koyon kitesurfing a Pingtan yana adana ba kawai lokaci mai yawa da farashin tattalin arziki ba, har ma yana iya samun nishaɗin kitesurf a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. A Pingtan, yawancin kungiyoyi suna karɓar ƙayyadaddun koyarwar IKO International Kite Surfing Association. Dukkanin darussan horo suna amfani da kayan aikin Ozone, Airush, da na Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭风筝冲浪中心丨中国风力条件最好的地区 |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/236851311_655081 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422095528/https://www.sohu.com/a/236851311_655081 |archive-date=2021-04-22 |access-date=2021-04-22 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai gasa da yawa a Pingtan. A cikin 2019 International Kiteboard Championship (Pingtan Station), akwai kusan masu fafatawa 150 daga kasashe da yankuna 20. Wannan shi ne mafi girman taron wasan motsa jiki da aka gudanar a Pingtan har zuwa yanzu tare da mafi yawan mahalarta. 2019 International Kiteboard Championship (Pingtan Station) an ba da izini daga [[International Kite Surfing Association|Ƙungiyar Jirgin Sama ta Duniya]] (WS) da Ƙungiyar Jiragen Sama ta Duniya. An raba matakin gasar na kasa da kasa zuwa maki 200, kuma jimlar kyautar kyautar gasar ta kai dala 50,000. An haifi wata babbar mai gabatar da Formula Kite ta kasar Sin, Jingyue Chen, a nan kuma ta fafata a wasannin Asiya na 19 a nan kuma inda ta dauki lambar zinare.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.pressreader.com/usa/china-daily-usa/20231002/281809993531911 |access-date=2024-07-13 |via=PressReader}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar takarar kasar Sin a gasar Olympics ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=12 January 2024 |title=Formula Kite: the 40 qualified athletes for Paris 2024 |url=https://www.surfertoday.com/kiteboarding/the-formula-kite-road-to-the-paris-2024-olympic-games |journal=Surfer Today}}</ref> === Gudun keke === Akwai gasa da yawa na keke da aka gudanar a Pingtan, gami da "Ocean Cup" China Pingtan International Cycling Open, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2014 a matsayin daya daga cikin jerin abubuwan da suka faru na "6.8 World Ocean Day da National Ocean Promotion Day". Adadin mahalarta sun kafa rikodin abubuwan da suka faru na rana ɗaya na cikin gida na shekaru uku a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |title="海洋杯"中国•平潭国际自行车公开赛 - 2020"海洋杯"平潭国际自行车公开赛官网 |url=http://www.hycycling.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=17 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.hycycling.com}}</ref> == Sufuri == Sufuri a Pingtan yana bunkasa cikin sauri. Tun da yake shi ne wuri mafi kusa tsakanin kasar Sin da [[Taiwan]], gwamnati tana ba da muhimmancin gaske ga sufuri. === Jirgin ruwa === Pingtan yana da alaƙa da [[Taichung]] da [[Kaohsiung]] a Taiwan ta Jirgin ruwa na Haixia, yana tashi daga Aoqian Wharf. === Jirgin ƙasa mai saurin gudu === Tashar jirgin kasa mai saurin gudu ta Pingtan a garin Zhonglou ta buɗe a watan Disamba na 2020 a matsayin ƙarshen Fuping Railway, wanda ya haɗa da [[Pingtan Strait Road-Rail Bridge]], gadar jirgin ƙasa ta farko ta kasar Sin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭高铁中心站已动工 计划2019年完工 |url=http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_63956 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427214841/http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_63956 |archive-date=2021-04-27 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.pingtan.gov.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=祖国大陆离台湾岛最近的铁路开通了！ |url=http://detail.ptnet.cn/cnurl/new/ptnews/2020-12-27/477562-cn.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202106/http://detail.ptnet.cn/cnurl/new/ptnews/2020-12-27/477562-cn.html |archive-date=2021-04-24 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=detail.ptnet.cn}}</ref> === Hanyoyi === [[File:Pingtan.jpeg|thumb|Tashar haraji ta Pingtan]] Hanyoyin bas 14 suna aiki a yankin, tare da Pingtan New Automobile Passenger Terminal a matsayin babban cibiya tun daga 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=再见旧汽车站！搬迁背后看平潭交通巨变_工作 |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/443700828_120206874 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭新汽车客运枢纽站主体框架全部完工-闽南网 |url=http://www.mnw.cn/news/pingtan/1988778.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010142541/http://www.mnw.cn/news/pingtan/1988778.html |archive-date=2023-10-10 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.mnw.cn}}</ref> === Bikes === Shirin hayar bas, aikin keke na jama'a na Pingtan, tare da tashoshin keke 52 da kekuna 2,000, yana aiki tun daga Mayu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=欧耶！平潭公共自行车投用啦！52个站点2000辆车（附详细站点及攻略大全）！１小时内免费哦！ |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/142881749_194873 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401160949/https://www.sohu.com/a/142881749_194873 |archive-date=2022-04-01 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Taswirar == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Fayil:Map_of_Taiwan_(Formosa)_in_1880,_from-_Stanford's_map_of_the_empires_of_China_and_Japan_with_the_adjacent_parts_of_the_Russian_Empire,_India,_Burma_etc._LOC_2006458442_(cropped).jpg|Map of the area including Haetan (1880) Fayil:Taiwan_Strait.png|Map including Pingtan Island (labeled as Haitan Dao) Fayil:Txu-oclc-10552568-ng50-12.jpg|Map including Pingtan Island (labelled as P'ING-T'AN {{Lang|zh|平潭}}) (AMS, 1954) Fayil:Operational_Navigation_Chart_H-12,_5th_edition.jpg|Map including Pingtan Island (labeled as HAI-T'AN TAO) (DMA, 1972) Fayil:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_h-12c.jpg|Map including Pingtan Island (labeled as HAITAN DAO) (DMA, 1996) </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tsibirai na Fujian * Tsibirin Niushan * Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Fuzhou-Pingtan == manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist|30em}} === Bayanan littattafai ===   == Haɗin waje == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1633/ Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO: yunkurin Haitan Scenic Spots Gidan Tarihin Duniya] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o7kfx8pdrr8mh0rejcbg4z8ld6be7bc 888029 888028 2026-07-27T09:23:33Z Smshika 14840 888029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''tsibirin Pingtan''' ko '''Tsibirin Haitan''' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Faming Huang, Yanhong Lin, Huixin Liang, Rongrong Zhao, Qiuming Chen, Jie Lin and Jinliang Huang |date=3 December 2019 |title=Coordination of Marine Functional Zoning Revision at the Provincial and Municipal Levels: A Case Study of Putian, China |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/7/12/442/pdf |journal=[[Journal of Marine Science and Engineering]] |volume=7 |issue=12 |page=5 |bibcode=2019JMSE....7..442H |doi=10.3390/jmse7120442 |access-date=10 February 2020 |quote=Haitan Island |doi-access=free}}</ref> tsibiri ne na Fuzhou a gabashin gabar gabashin Asiya a cikin Gundumar Pingtan, Lardin Fujian, kasar Sin, kudu da hadaddun Kogin Min. Ita ce tsibirin mafi girma a Fujian kuma tsibiri na biyar mafi girma da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Pingtan |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/home/2012-07/24/content_15612106.htm |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> == Tarihi == A watan Yunin 1955, akwai hanyoyi masu yawa da gine-ginen soja a fadin tsibirin Haitan, gami da hanyoyin da ke haifar da yiwuwar matsayi na bindigogi a cikin ƙasar. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan matsayi don kare Haitan Strait, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wuri mai kyau don ci gaba da ayyukan amphibious a kan Tsibirin Matsu, har ma da Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 1955 |title=Current Intelligence Weekly Summary |url=https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP79-00927A000500120003-3 |publisher=[[CIA]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/CIA-RDP79-00927A000500120003-3/page/n11 2] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> An kara shafin a cikin [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Tentative List a cikin shekara ta 2001, a ƙarƙashin Haitan Scenic Spots, a cikin Mixed category (Al'adu & Halitta). == Yanayin ƙasa == A fannin gudanarwa, tsibirin yana daga cikin yankin Pingtan, wanda ya hada da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa da kuma wani ɓangare na yankin da ke kusa. Yawancin garuruwan gundumar, gami da kujerar gwamnati a Tancheng, suna kan tsibirin. Manyan yankuna na bakin tekun tsibirin sun sami farfadowar ƙasa, tare da manyan gine-gine da ayyukan ababen more rayuwa. Pingtan ya rabu da kasar Sin ta hanyar Haitan Strait . Yawancin yankin da ke kusa da shi shine garin Fuqing, wanda ake gudanarwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na garin Fuzhou. Pingtan ya rabu da [[Yanayin Taiwan|Tsibirin Taiwan]] ta hanyar Taiwan Strait . Bayan kammala gadar ta zuwa babban yankin a shekara ta 2010, ana iya ɗaukar Pingtan a matsayin mafi kusanci na "babban" kasar Sin zuwa tsibirin Taiwan. A karkashin yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta yanzu, iyakar kudancin tsibirin ta zama iyaka tsakanin Tekun Gabas da Kudancin China.[6]A cikin rubutun da ba a amince da shi ba na sabon fitowar IHO's Limits of Oceans and Seas, {{Nowrap|Cape Xiang}} - iyakar ''arewacin'' tsibirin - ya zama iyaka tsakanin Tekun Gabashin China da Taiwan Strait, tare da Tekun Kudancin China yana da iyakar arewa ta koma kudancin iyakar.[7] A rana mai haske, yana yiwuwa a fitar da Xueshan (Dutse mai dusar ƙanƙara) a [[Taiwan]]" id="mwTQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Island of Taiwan">tsibirin Taiwan daga Pingtan Beach, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan lokuta inda ido zai iya gani tsakanin ƙasar Sin da Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanway |first=David |last2=Diviggiano |first2=Alessandro |date=5 August 2022 |title=Across the sea from Taiwan, Chinese tourists await island's 'return' |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/across-sea-taiwan-chinese-tourists-await-islands-return-2022-08-05/ |access-date=23 May 2026 |website=reuters.com |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2022 |title=从大陆真的可以看到台湾本岛，就在平潭海滩 |url=https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/505150987 |access-date=23 May 2026 |website=知乎专栏 |publisher=[[Zhihu]] |language=zh}}</ref> === Yanayi === A karkashin [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen]], Pingtan yana da [[Yanayin zafi mai zafi]] (''Cfa''), wanda ke da zafi, lokacin zafi da hunturu mai sauƙi. A cikin shekara, matsakaicin zafin jiki yana da kusan 66.92 ° F. &nbsp;Ranar da ta fi zafi a shekara tana tsakanin Yuli da Agusta, tare da matsakaicin 82.4 ° F. &nbsp;Ranar da ta fi sanyi a shekara tana tsakanin Janairu da Fabrairu, tare da matsakaicin 51.8 ° F. &nbsp;Pingtan bai taba fuskantar matsanancin zafin jiki a karkashin 32 ° F ba. &nbsp;Saboda Pingtan yana tsakanin Haitan Strait da Taiwan Strait, saurin iska yana da girma tare da matsakaicin shekara-shekara 4.8 m / s (10 mph). <ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 |url=http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101230108.shtml |access-date=2021-04-20 |website=www.weather.com.cn}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; === Muhalli === [[Fayil:發光的藍眼淚.jpg|thumb|Hawaye masu launin shudi]] "Blue hawaye" wani abu ne wanda ya haifar da fure na plankton Vargula hilgendorfii . Wannan dabba tana haskaka haske lokacin da aka dame shi a cikin ruwa mai wahala, don haka ya haifar da haske mai launin shudi. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa a lokacin rani, a lokacin Afrilu zuwa Agusta. "Blue hawaye" yana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa zuwa Pingtan. Koyaya, babban barkewar lamarin na iya cutar da muhalli, yayin da yake rage iskar oxygen kuma ya saki guba a cikin teku. Wannan na iya haifar da [[Furen algal mai lahani|jan ruwa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carey |first=Jonathan |date=2019-06-14 |title=China's Bioluminescent Blue Tears Are Beautiful and Associated With Toxic Blooms |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/china-blue-tears-red-tides |access-date=2021-04-20 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Tsibirin ya dogara da yawon bude ido kuma yana tsammanin cewa saka hannun jari na kasashen waje zai haifar da ci gaban tattalin arziki. An kammala babbar gada ta farko da ta haye Haitan Strait a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, ta haɗa tsibirin zuwa Fuqing a kan babban yankin. Ya kai mita 4,976 (mil 3), ya kashe RMB biliyan 1.4 (kimanin dala miliyan 200) don ginawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pingtan Island, a before and after story in the making |url=http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news14842.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930003100/http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/news14842.html |archive-date=30 September 2010 |access-date=28 September 2010 |publisher=Whats On Xiamen , Inc.}}</ref> Jirgin kasa na Fuzhou-Pingtan mai tsawon kilomita 88.5 (Fuping Railway, 福平铁路), wanda ke haɗa Fuzhou zuwa tsibirin Pingtan, ta hanyar Changle da jerin gadoji, ana ginawa. An amince da aikin a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012. An sa ran aikin zai fara a ƙarshen shekara, kuma an kammala shi a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=福平铁路正式开通运营 |url=http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2588025/n2588124/c16324946/content.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010142604/http://www.sasac.gov.cn/n2588025/n2588124/c16324946/content.html |archive-date=October 10, 2023}}</ref> A farkon shekara ta 2012, an ba da sanarwar cewa za a gina babban cibiyar lissafin girgije a Pingtan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China to Build Cloud Computing Center in Pingtan Near Taiwan |url=http://www.hostingtecnews.com/china-build-cloud-computing-center-pingtan-near-taiwan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415170333/http://www.hostingtecnews.com/china-build-cloud-computing-center-pingtan-near-taiwan |archive-date=15 April 2012 |access-date=6 August 2012 |publisher=Hostingtecnews}}</ref> == Al'adu == Gidan kayan gargajiya murabba'in mita 430,000 (40,000 m), Gidan kayan tarihi na Pingtan, a halin yanzu ana ginawa a tsibirin. Gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda kamfanin MAD Studio na kasar Sin da Amurka ya tsara a tsibirin wucin gadi, an shirya shi don kammalawa a cikin 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China - The museum is an island |url=http://www.inexhibit.com/case-studies/china-museum-island-pingtan-art-museum-mad/ |access-date=March 9, 2015 |publisher=[[Inexhibit]]}}</ref> [[File:Longfengtou_Beach.jpeg|thumb|Kogin Longfengtou]] == Wuraren sha'awa == Saboda wurin Pingtan, yana fuskantar iskar teku mai ƙarfi a duk shekara. Don yaki da yanayin, mazauna ƙauyen suna gina gidajensu da duwatsu. Tsoffin gidajen da aka gina da dutse na gargajiya suna tsayayya da iska da raƙuman ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colorful castles of stone in Pingtan |url=http://en.chinaculture.org/chineseway/2014-12/22/content_587222_2.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=en.chinaculture.org}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, gidan yana da kyau a zauna a ciki. Wannan salon gine-gine na musamman yana jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa kuma yana haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki. Ƙauyen Beigang sanannen ƙauyen kamun kifi ne, wanda ke da gidaje masu yawa na dutse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭石头屋{{!}}文章{{!}}中国国家地理网 |url=http://www.dili360.com/article/p543bc9b1c086a19.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.dili360.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief introduction to Beigang Village |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/fujian/pingtan/2017-02/09/content_28146502.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> Pingtan yana da babban tsohon gini na al'adu mai suna Haitan Ancient City, sanannen wurin hutu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pingtan's Top 10 Must-See Scenic Sports |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/fujian/pingtan/pingtantop10mustseescenicsports.html |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> Yankin rairayin bakin teku a Pingtan kuma wuri ne mai kyau, wanda ke nuna dogon bakin teku da rairayin rairayin kan teku. Longfengtou Beach sanannen rairayin bakin teku ne, wanda ke rufe kimanin hekta 21 (52 acres), a tsawon kilomita 9.5 (6 miles). Tana kusa da Haitan Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Longfengtou Beach[1] |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/fujian/pingtan/2017-02/17/content_28238121.htm |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=www.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref> [[Fayil:Longfengtou_Beach.jpg|thumb|Rana ta fito a Longfengtou Beach]] [[Fayil:Haitan_Ancient_City.jpg|thumb|Birnin Haitan na Dā]] == Wasanni == A cikin 2017 China Sports Culture: Sports Tourism Expo, an zabi Pingtan a matsayin "2017 China's Top Ten Sports Tourism Destinations". A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Pingtan ya yi amfani da fa'idodi na manufofinsa, fa'idorin wuri da fa'idodin albarkatun kasa da kasa don samun nasarar karbar bakuncin bukukuwan Kite Surfing na kasa da kasa, budewa na kasa da kuma bude ruwa, gasar cin kofin jirgin ruwa ta kasa da kasa. Shirin Yawon Bude Ido na Pingtan ya ja hankalin masana'antu da masu yawon bude ido.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭大力发展体育旅游 打造国际海上休闲基地和国际时尚运动基地 |url=http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_65564 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421143333/http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_65564 |archive-date=2021-04-21 |access-date=2021-04-22 |website=www.pingtan.gov.cn}}</ref> === Jirgin sama === Saboda wurin, Pingtan shine yankin da ke da yanayin iska mafi kyau a kasar Sin. Matsakaicin iska na shekara-shekara ya kai 20 knots. Lokaci mafi kyau don kiteboarding a Pingtan shine daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba. Tare da yanayin iska mai kyau da ruwa mai laushi, [[LV beach|Rairayin bakin teku na LV]] ya zama wurin da ya fi shahara a Pingtan. Ga mutanen da suka zo daga nesa, koyon kitesurfing a Pingtan yana adana ba kawai lokaci mai yawa da farashin tattalin arziki ba, har ma yana iya samun nishaɗin kitesurf a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. A Pingtan, yawancin kungiyoyi suna karɓar ƙayyadaddun koyarwar IKO International Kite Surfing Association. Dukkanin darussan horo suna amfani da kayan aikin Ozone, Airush, da na Arewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭风筝冲浪中心丨中国风力条件最好的地区 |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/236851311_655081 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422095528/https://www.sohu.com/a/236851311_655081 |archive-date=2021-04-22 |access-date=2021-04-22 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai gasa da yawa a Pingtan. A cikin 2019 International Kiteboard Championship (Pingtan Station), akwai kusan masu fafatawa 150 daga kasashe da yankuna 20. Wannan shi ne mafi girman taron wasan motsa jiki da aka gudanar a Pingtan har zuwa yanzu tare da mafi yawan mahalarta. 2019 International Kiteboard Championship (Pingtan Station) an ba da izini daga [[International Kite Surfing Association|Ƙungiyar Jirgin Sama ta Duniya]] (WS) da Ƙungiyar Jiragen Sama ta Duniya. An raba matakin gasar na kasa da kasa zuwa maki 200, kuma jimlar kyautar kyautar gasar ta kai dala 50,000. An haifi wata babbar mai gabatar da Formula Kite ta kasar Sin, Jingyue Chen, a nan kuma ta fafata a wasannin Asiya na 19 a nan kuma inda ta dauki lambar zinare.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.pressreader.com/usa/china-daily-usa/20231002/281809993531911 |access-date=2024-07-13 |via=PressReader}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar takarar kasar Sin a gasar Olympics ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=12 January 2024 |title=Formula Kite: the 40 qualified athletes for Paris 2024 |url=https://www.surfertoday.com/kiteboarding/the-formula-kite-road-to-the-paris-2024-olympic-games |journal=Surfer Today}}</ref> === Gudun keke === Akwai gasa da yawa na keke da aka gudanar a Pingtan, gami da "Ocean Cup" China Pingtan International Cycling Open, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2014 a matsayin daya daga cikin jerin abubuwan da suka faru na "6.8 World Ocean Day da National Ocean Promotion Day". Adadin mahalarta sun kafa rikodin abubuwan da suka faru na rana ɗaya na cikin gida na shekaru uku a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |title="海洋杯"中国•平潭国际自行车公开赛 - 2020"海洋杯"平潭国际自行车公开赛官网 |url=http://www.hycycling.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=17 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.hycycling.com}}</ref> == Sufuri == Sufuri a Pingtan yana bunkasa cikin sauri. Tun da yake shi ne wuri mafi kusa tsakanin kasar Sin da [[Taiwan]], gwamnati tana ba da muhimmancin gaske ga sufuri. === Jirgin ruwa === Pingtan yana da alaƙa da [[Taichung]] da [[Kaohsiung]] a Taiwan ta Jirgin ruwa na Haixia, yana tashi daga Aoqian Wharf. === Jirgin ƙasa mai saurin gudu === Tashar jirgin kasa mai saurin gudu ta Pingtan a garin Zhonglou ta buɗe a watan Disamba na 2020 a matsayin ƙarshen Fuping Railway, wanda ya haɗa da [[Pingtan Strait Road-Rail Bridge]], gadar jirgin ƙasa ta farko ta kasar Sin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭高铁中心站已动工 计划2019年完工 |url=http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_63956 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427214841/http://www.pingtan.gov.cn/jhtml/ct/ct_2925_63956 |archive-date=2021-04-27 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.pingtan.gov.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=祖国大陆离台湾岛最近的铁路开通了！ |url=http://detail.ptnet.cn/cnurl/new/ptnews/2020-12-27/477562-cn.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202106/http://detail.ptnet.cn/cnurl/new/ptnews/2020-12-27/477562-cn.html |archive-date=2021-04-24 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=detail.ptnet.cn}}</ref> === Hanyoyi === [[File:Pingtan.jpeg|thumb|Tashar haraji ta Pingtan]] Hanyoyin bas 14 suna aiki a yankin, tare da Pingtan New Automobile Passenger Terminal a matsayin babban cibiya tun daga 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=再见旧汽车站！搬迁背后看平潭交通巨变_工作 |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/443700828_120206874 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=平潭新汽车客运枢纽站主体框架全部完工-闽南网 |url=http://www.mnw.cn/news/pingtan/1988778.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010142541/http://www.mnw.cn/news/pingtan/1988778.html |archive-date=2023-10-10 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.mnw.cn}}</ref> === Bikes === Shirin hayar bas, aikin keke na jama'a na Pingtan, tare da tashoshin keke 52 da kekuna 2,000, yana aiki tun daga Mayu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=欧耶！平潭公共自行车投用啦！52个站点2000辆车（附详细站点及攻略大全）！１小时内免费哦！ |url=http://www.sohu.com/a/142881749_194873 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401160949/https://www.sohu.com/a/142881749_194873 |archive-date=2022-04-01 |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=www.sohu.com |language=en}}</ref> == Taswirar == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Fayil:Map_of_Taiwan_(Formosa)_in_1880,_from-_Stanford's_map_of_the_empires_of_China_and_Japan_with_the_adjacent_parts_of_the_Russian_Empire,_India,_Burma_etc._LOC_2006458442_(cropped).jpg|Map of the area including Haetan (1880) Fayil:Taiwan_Strait.png|Map including Pingtan Island (labeled as Haitan Dao) Fayil:Txu-oclc-10552568-ng50-12.jpg|Map including Pingtan Island (labelled as P'ING-T'AN {{Lang|zh|平潭}}) (AMS, 1954) Fayil:Operational_Navigation_Chart_H-12,_5th_edition.jpg|Map including Pingtan Island (labeled as HAI-T'AN TAO) (DMA, 1972) Fayil:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_h-12c.jpg|Map including Pingtan Island (labeled as HAITAN DAO) (DMA, 1996) </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin tsibirai na Fujian * Tsibirin Niushan * Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Fuzhou-Pingtan == manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist|30em}} === Bayanan littattafai ===   == Haɗin waje == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1633/ Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO: yunkurin Haitan Scenic Spots Gidan Tarihin Duniya] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9fdo38dxb48xphvoo1ub9yasmtipig2 0 162365 888040 2026-07-27T09:48:52Z BnHamid 12586 BnHamid moved page [[Venitia Gwamna]] to [[Venitia Govender]] 888040 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Venitia Govender]] 1g87rq620vqbtxqqj0v2k9ck129feve 0 162366 888073 2026-07-27T10:59:49Z DaSupremo 9834 DaSupremo moved page [[Sabon Yankin]] to [[Neoguarea]]: Misspelled title 888073 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Neoguarea]] gmst6gvwjz3hu7g29lcqa3rvsqwye41