Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2102 888385 865950 2026-07-28T09:43:53Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:General Hospital Daura.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Katsina State Inland Revenue Office, Katsina City.jpg|thumb|Katsina State Inland Revenue Office, Katsina City]] [[Fayil:SAN 8439 (Katsina Emir Palace).jpg|thumb|Fadar sarkin katsina]] [[Fayil:Gobarau Minaret Katsina.JPG|thumb|Gobarau minaret katsina]] '''Katsina jiha''' ce a shiyyar [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] Maso Yammacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Institute of International Studies|url=https://iis.berkeley.edu/|access-date=2021-03-07|website=iis.berkeley.edu}}</ref> An kuma ƙirkiri jihar Katsina ne a shekarar 1987, lokacin da aka samar da ita daga jihar [[Kaduna]]. A yau, Jihar Katsina ta yi iyaka da Jihohin [[Zamfara]] da [[Kaduna]] da [[Kano]] da [[Jigawa]], har ila yau Kuma Katsina tanada iyaka da Jamhuriyar [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]. Ana yi mata laƙabi da "Ta Dikko Ɗakin Kara", kuma ana yi wa [[Katsinawa (kauje)|Katsinawa]] kirarin "Kunya gareku ba dai tsoro ba". Babban birnin jihar da garin [[Daura]], an bayyana su daga cikin "tsofaffin mazaunun [[Al'adun Najeriya na gargajiya|al'adu]] da [[Musulunci]] da kuma ilmantarwa" a [[Najeriya]]. Jihar Katsina, tana da mazauna har sama da 5,800,000 a ƙidayar shekarar dubu biyu da shidda (2006). Jihar Katsina ce ta biyar (5) mafi girman gaske acikin Jerin yawan haɓakar jama'a a jihohi [[Najeriya|biyar mafi girma]] a cikin ƙasar ta [[Nijeriya]], cikin yawan jama'a, duk da kasancewarta ta bakwai daga cikin Jihohi 17 mafi faɗin ƙasa daga cikin jihohi 36 na tarayyar Najeriya. Ta kuma fuskar adadin ƙabilu kuwa, [[Fulani|jama'a, Fulani]] sun fi kowace ƙabila yawa a jihar, kuma mafi yawancin [[Mutanen Soninke|mutanen]] Jihar Katsina suna bin koyarwar [[Musulunci a Najeriya|addinin Musulunci]]. A shekarar 2005, <ref name="ahram" /> A shekarar 2005,<ref>{{Cite web|title=CNN.com - Woman sentenced to stoning freed - Feb. 23, 2004|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/africa/09/25/nigeria.stoning/|access-date=2021-03-07|website=edition.cnn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2000-08-01|title=Katsina adopts Sharia|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2000/08/01/katsina-adopts-sharia|access-date=2021-03-07|website=The New Humanitarian|language=en}}</ref>Katsina ta zama jiha ta biyar a Najeriya da ta yi amfani da tsarin [[Shari'ar Musulunci]]. [[Jerin gwamnonin jihar Katsina|Gwamnan jihar Katsina na yanzu]] shi ne Dr.[[Dikko umar radda]], dan jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|"All Progressives Congress"]]Ana ɗaukar Jihar a matsayin babbar cibiyar siyasar [[Muhammadu Buhari]], ɗan asalin garin Daura, wanda ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2019 da kusan kashi 80% na ƙuri’un mutanen jihar. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-25|title=Buhari Wins Katsina with 1.2m Votes|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/26/buhari-wins-katsina-with-1-2m-votes/|access-date=2021-03-07|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> Jihar Katsina na ɗaya daga cikin Jihohin Najeriya da ke fama da [[Ta'addanci|matsalar ta'addanci]]. Wacce ta fara a shekarar 2020. Kungiyar yan ta'adda da yan fashi da garkuwa da mutane [[Boko Haram|sun]] [[Garkuwa da mutane a Kankara|yi garkuwa da yara sama da 300]] a ƙaramar hukumar [[Ƙanƙara (ƙaramar hukumar)|kankara]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-12-19|title=More than 300 schoolchildren are abducted in Nigeria|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/12/19/more-than-300-schoolchildren-are-abducted-in-nigeria|access-date=2021-03-07|issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-17|title=Gunmen kidnap 'hundreds' of schoolboys in central Nigeria|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210217-gunmen-kidnap-hundreds-of-schoolboys-in-central-nigeria|access-date=2021-03-07|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref><ref>Sani, Abubakar (2004). The Great Province. Lugga Press. pp. 174–176. <nowiki>ISBN 9782105481</nowiki>.</ref> {{Infobox Nigerian State | name = Katsina | official_name = Jihar Katsina | settlement_type = Jiha | image_skyline = Durbar_in_Katsina.jpg | image_caption = Bikin Durbar a Katsina | image_flag = Flag_of_Katsina_State.png | image_seal = Seal_of_Katsina_State.png | coordinates = 12°15′ N 7°52′ E | subdivision_type = Kasa | subdivision_name = Najeriya | established_title = An kafa | established_date = 23 ga Satumba, 1987 | capital = Katsina | governor = (Shigar da sunan gwamna) | area_total_km2 = 23938 | population_total = 5792578 | population_as_of = 2006 | timezone1 = WAT | utc_offset1 = +1 | website = [https://katsinastate.gov.ng/ Katsina State Government] | motto = "Ilmi da Ci gaba" | anthem = "Katsina, Garkuwar Arewacin Najeriya" | map = Nigeria Katsina State map.png | map_caption = Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya }} == Jihar Katsina == === Jiha da Wuri === Jihar Katsina tana a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya, tana da fadin kusan 23,938 zuwa 24,192 km². Ta kasance tsakanin latitudodin 11°08′ N zuwa 13°22′ N, da longitudodin 6°52′ E zuwa 9°20′ E. Jihar na da iyaka da Jamhuriyar Nijar a arewa, Jigawa da Kano a gabas, Kaduna a kudu, da Zamfara a yamma. [[File:Katsina_State_Map.png|thumb|right|250px|Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya]] === Tarihi === An kafa Jihar Katsina a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1987, daga Jihar Kaduna da aka rushe. Katsina ta yi tarihi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin Hausa Bakwai (gari-gari na Hausa Bakwai), da Emirate na Katsina da Daura. Mutanen jihar sun fi yawa daga cikin Hausa da Fulani, kuma Musulunci shine addini mafi rinjaye. [[File:Emir_of_Katsina.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Emir na Katsina]] === Yawan Jama’a da Gudanarwa === A censa na 2006, yawan mutanen Jihar Katsina ya kai kusan 5,792,578. Duk da haka, gwamnatin jihar ta kiyasta yawan jama’a ya wuce 8 miliyan yanzu. Jihar na da Kananan Hukumomi 34 (LGAs). === Yanayi (Climate) === Jihar na da yanayin semi-arid zuwa na nahiyar ƙasa, wanda ke da kakar ruwan sama da kuma kakar bushewa. Ruwan sama a jihar na bambanta: a arewarta yana tsakanin 600–700 mm, yayin da a kudancin zai iya kai 1,000 mm. Matsakaicin zafin yawan shekara ya kasance tsakanin 21 °C zuwa 30 °C. === Tattalin Arziki === Noma shine ginshiƙi na tattalin arzikin jihar. Ana noma manyan amfanin gonar kamar dawa (millet), gero (sorghum), masara, gyada (groundnuts), da auduga (cotton). Kiwo (shanu, awaki, tumaki) na ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun arziki. Akwai kuma ma’adanai a jihar kamar granite, basalt, ƙarfe, da lu’u‑lu’u. Masana’antu kanana kamar masana’antar ƙarfe (steel rolling), injinan fulawa (flour mills), da masana’antar dinki suna aiki a jihar. Amma duk da haka, jihar na fuskantar ƙalubale na talauci; bayanai daga Manufofin Tattalin Arziki na Jihar sun nuna cewa yawan mutane masu talauci multidimensional ya yi yawa. [[File:Katsina_Granite_Mines.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ma’adanan granite a Katsina]] === Al’adu da Jama’a === Katsina na da al’adu masu yawa, ciki har da ilimin Musulunci, sana’o’in gargajiya kamar aikin fata (leather), dinki, tukwane, da zane-zane. Bikin Durbar, musamman a lokacin bukukuwan Musulunci, na daga cikin manyan al’adun jihar. Tsofaffin shugabannin gargajiya na cikin tsarin sarauta na Emir a Emirate na Katsina da Daura. [[File:Katsina_Durbar.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bikin Durbar na Katsina]] === Ilmi === Wasu daga cikin jami’o’i masu muhimmanci a Katsina sun haɗa da: * Jami’ar Umaru Musa Yar’adua * Federal University Dutsin‑Ma * Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic Hakanan akwai manyan makarantu na koyarwa (teacher‑training colleges) da makarantu na addinin Musulunci waɗanda ke da tarihi mai zurfi. === Ci Gaba da Ayyuka === Jihar na da yawancin ruwa (water bodies) da ke tallafawa aikin ban ruwa (irrigation) don noma. Sai dai ci gaban masana’antu da tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya yana fama da wasu ƙalubale na rashin manyan masana’antu da rashin wadatar jari sosai. === Majiyoyi === <references> * “About Katsina State”, Katsina State Government. * “Katsina State – Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission”, NIPC. * “Katsina | Nigeria, Map, & History”, Britannica. * “Brief History of Katsina State”, Katsina Investment Promotion Agency. * “Katsina State Socio‑Economic, Geographical and Political Highlight”, UNESCO / Katsina State. * “Land‑Use and Change Dynamics of Katsina State, Nigeria”, International Journal of Advanced Research & Publications. * “Katsina State Tourism Policy” (PDF), Katsina State Government. * “Katsina’s Search for Sustainable Development”, ThisDayLive. * “Katsina State Celebrates 30 Years of Statehood”, ThisDayLive. * “Katsina State Inclusive Economy Policy” (PDF), Katsina State Government. </references> {{Infobox Nigerian State | name = Katsina | official_name = Jihar Katsina | settlement_type = Jiha | image_skyline = Emir%27s_Palace%2C_Katsina.jpg | image_caption = Fadar Sarkin Katsina | image_flag = <!-- (no reliable free flag image found) --> | image_seal = <!-- leave blank if no good seal image) --> | coordinates = 12°15′ N 7°52′ E | subdivision_type = Kasa | subdivision_name = Najeriya | established_title = An kafa | established_date = 23 ga Satumba, 1987 | capital = Katsina | governor = (Shigar da sunan gwamna) | area_total_km2 = 23938 | population_total = 5792578 | population_as_of = 2006 | timezone1 = WAT | utc_offset1 = +1 | website = [https://katsinastate.gov.ng/ Katsina State Government] | map = Nigeria_-_Katsina.svg | map_caption = Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya }} [[File:Nigeria_-_Katsina.svg|thumb|right|250px|Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya (vector)]] [[File:Emir%27s_Palace%2C_Katsina.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fadar Sarkin Katsina]] Akwai kuma hoton gado (heritage) na jihar: [[File:Heritage_of_nigeria_in_katsina_state.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Gado na al’adu a Jihar Katsina]] == Demography == [[Fulani]] sun fi kowace kabila yawa.<ref name=ahram>{{cite web |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/841/in4.htm |title=Nigeria fastened with nails |access-date=2007-04-24 |last=Nkromah |first=Gamal |work=Al-Ahram Weekly Online |publisher=Al-Ahram Weekly |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504070227/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/841/in4.htm |archive-date=2007-05-04 }}</ref> === Addini === Galibin mutanen Jihar Katsina musulmai ne,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=Abubakar|title=The Great Province|publisher=Lugga Press|year=2004|isbn=9782105481|pages=174–176}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AFRICA {{!}} Nigeria's Katsina state adopts Sharia|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/860660.stm|access-date=2021-11-21|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>{{clarify|date=June 2021}} The [[Church of Nigeria]] has a Diocese of Katsina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anglican-nig.org/KadunaP_katsina.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111120228/http://www.anglican-nig.org/KadunaP_katsina.htm |archive-date=January 11, 2011|title=Church of Nigeria: Diocese of Lagos}}</ref> kuma [[Tarihin Hasumiyar Gobarau|Gobarau Minaret]] muhimmin gini ne a birnin Katsina (kuma tarihi ya tabbbatar da cewa an ginata ne domin amfanin addinin musulunci). Jihar Katsina, har yanzu tana aiwatar da [[Shari'a]] a duk faɗin jihar. Akwai kuma Cocin na Najeriya yana da Diocese na Katsina. Cocin Redeemed Christian [[Church]] of [[God]] da Cocin Roman [[Katolika]] suna nan a cikin jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sunday.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7377&catid=19&Itemid=28 |title=RCCG Katsina/Jigawa province celebrates |access-date=2011-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008225348/http://sunday.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7377&catid=19&Itemid=28 |archive-date=2011-10-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2021}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dynamic.csw.org.uk/article.asp?t=news&id=809|title=Two churches destroyed in Bauchi State, Nigeria|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> {{Infobox Nigerian State | name = Katsina | official_name = Jihar Katsina | settlement_type = Jiha | image_skyline = Durbar_in_Katsina.jpg | image_caption = Bikin Durbar a Katsina | image_flag = Flag_of_Katsina_State.png | image_seal = Seal_of_Katsina_State.png | coordinates = 12°15′ N 7°52′ E | subdivision_type = Kasa | subdivision_name = Najeriya | established_title = An kafa | established_date = 23 ga Satumba, 1987 | capital = Katsina | governor = (Shigar da sunan gwamna) | area_total_km2 = 23938 | population_total = 5792578 | population_as_of = 2006 | timezone1 = WAT | utc_offset1 = +1 | website = [https://katsinastate.gov.ng/ Katsina State Government] | motto = "Ilmi da Ci gaba" | anthem = "Katsina, Garkuwar Arewacin Najeriya" | map = Nigeria Katsina State map.png | map_caption = Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya }} [[File:Katsina_State_Map.png|thumb|right|250px|Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya]] === Demographics === * **Kabilu:** Hausa (mafi yawa), Fulani, da ƙananan ƙabilu. * **Harsuna:** Hausa (major), Fulfulde (minor), English (official). * **Addini:** Musulunci (mafi rinjaye), da Ƙananan al’ummomi na Kiristanci. === Yanayi (Climate) === Jihar na da yanayin semi-arid zuwa na nahiyar ƙasa, wanda ke da kakar ruwan sama da kuma kakar bushewa. Ruwan sama a jihar na bambanta: a arewarta yana tsakanin 600–700 mm, yayin da a kudancin zai iya kai 1,000 mm. Matsakaicin zafin yawan shekara ya kasance tsakanin 21 °C zuwa 30 °C. {| class="wikitable" |+ Matsakaicin Yanayi a Katsina |- ! Watan !! Matsakaicin Zafi (°C) !! Ruwan Sama (mm) |- | Janairu || 21 || 5 |- | Fabrairu || 22 || 5 |- | Maris || 25 || 10 |- | Afrilu || 28 || 20 |- | Mayu || 30 || 60 |- | Yuni || 28 || 100 |- | Yuli || 27 || 150 |- | Agusta || 27 || 150 |- | Satumba || 27 || 100 |- | Oktoba || 28 || 50 |- | Nuwamba || 25 || 15 |- | Disamba || 22 || 5 |} === Tattalin Arziki === Noma shine ginshiƙi na tattalin arzikin jihar. Ana noma manyan amfanin gonar kamar dawa (millet), gero (sorghum), masara, gyada (groundnuts), da auduga (cotton). Kiwo (shanu, awaki, tumaki) na ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun arziki. Akwai kuma ma’adanai a jihar kamar granite, basalt, ƙarfe, da lu’u‑lu’u. Masana’antu kanana kamar masana’antar ƙarfe (steel rolling), injinan fulawa (flour mills), da masana’antar dinki suna aiki a jihar. Amma duk da haka, jihar na fuskantar ƙalubale na talauci. [[File:Katsina_Granite_Mines.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ma’adanan granite a Katsina]] === Transport === Jihar tana da hanyoyin mota masu muhimmanci da ke haɗa ta da Kano, Abuja, da Niger. Railway: Layin dogo daga Kano zuwa Katsina (ana aiki). Filayen jirgin sama: Filin jirgin sama na Katsina yana aiki don jigilar cikin gida da kasuwanci. === Ilmi === Wasu daga cikin jami’o’i masu muhimmanci a Katsina sun haɗa da: * Jami’ar Umaru Musa Yar’adua * Federal University Dutsin‑Ma * Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic Hakanan akwai manyan makarantu na koyarwa da makarantu na addinin Musulunci waɗanda ke da tarihi mai zurfi. === Al’adu da Jama’a === Katsina na da al’adu masu yawa, ciki har da ilimin Musulunci, sana’o’in gargajiya kamar aikin fata (leather), dinki, tukwane, da zane-zane. Bikin Durbar, musamman a lokacin bukukuwan Musulunci, na daga cikin manyan al’adun jihar. Tsofaffin shugabannin gargajiya na cikin tsarin sarauta na Emir a Emirate na Katsina da Daura. [[File:Katsina_Durbar.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bikin Durbar na Katsina]] === Tourism & Landmarks === * Gidan Korau (Emir’s Palace) * Masallacin Katsina (Friday Mosque) * Kurfi Market da sauran kasuwanni * Bukukuwan Durbar da sauransu === Healthcare === * Federal Medical Centre Katsina * General Hospital Katsina * Rukuni na cibiyoyin lafiya a ƙauyuka === Notable People === * Umaru Musa Yar’adua – tsohon shugaban Najeriya * Mahmud Tukur – Malami da dan siyasa * Wasu ‘yan kasuwa da masu sana’a masu tasiri a jihar === Ci Gaba da Ayyuka === Jihar na da yawancin ruwa (water bodies) da ke tallafawa aikin ban ruwa (irrigation) don noma. Sai dai ci gaban masana’antu da tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya yana fama da wasu ƙalubale na rashin manyan masana’antu da rashin wadatar jari sosai. === Majiyoyi === <references> * “About Katsina State”, Katsina State Government. * “Katsina State – Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission”, NIPC. * “Katsina | Nigeria, Map, & History”, Britannica. * “Brief History of Katsina State”, Katsina Investment Promotion Agency. * “Katsina State Socio‑Economic, Geographical and Political Highlight”, UNESCO / Katsina State. * “Land‑Use and Change Dynamics of Katsina State, Nigeria”, International Journal of Advanced Research & Publications. * “Katsina State Tourism Policy” (PDF), Katsina State Government. * “Katsina’s Search for Sustainable Development”, ThisDayLive. * “Katsina State Celebrates 30 Years of Statehood”, ThisDayLive. * “Katsina State Inclusive Economy Policy” (PDF), Katsina State Government. </references> == Kananan hukumomin == Jihar Katsina ta ƙunshi [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] har talatin da huɗu (34) ga su nan kamar haka:Bakori, Batagarawa, Batsari, Baure, Bindawa, Charanchi, Dan Musa, Dandume, Danja, Daura, Dutsinma, Dutsi, Faskari, Funtua, Ingawa, Jibia, Kaita, Kankara, Kankia, Katsina, Kurfi, Kusada, Mai'adua, Maiyama, Malumfashi, Mani, Mashi, Matazu, Musawa, Rimawa, Safana, Sandamu, and Zango. Kuma Sannan kowa ce karamar hukuma ta na wakilin ta kamar yan majalissu da ciyamomi kansiloli da sauransu.<ref>#wiki4agile</ref> {|---- | * [[Bakori]] * [[Batagarawa]] * [[Batsari]] * [[Baure]] * [[Bindawa]] * [[Charanchi]] * [[Ɗan Musa]] * [[Ɗandume]] * [[Ɗanja]] * [[Daura]] * [[Dutsin-ma]] * [[Faskari]] * [[Funtua]] * [[Ingawa]] * [[Jibia]] * [[Ƙafur]] * [[Kaita]] * [[Kanƙara]] * [[Kankia]] * [[Katsina]] * [[Kurfi]] * [[Kusada]] * [[Mai'Adua]] * [[Malumfashi]] * [[Mani]] * [[Mashi]] * [[Matazu]] * [[Musawa]] * [[Rimi]] * [[Sabuwa]] * [[Safana]] * [[Sandamu]] * [[Zango]] == Ilimi == Jihar Katsina cibiya ce ta [[ilimin]] [[Boko Haram|boko]] dana yau da kullum. A halin yanzu tana da kwalejin Ilimi ta tarayya ta Katsina,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-09|title=List Of UMYU Courses and Programmes Offered|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/umyu-courses/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref> is a public university owned by the state government. [[Al-Qalam University]], the first [[Islamic Education Trust|Islamic]] university in Nigeria is privately owned. [[Federal University, Dutsin-Ma]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal University, Dutsin-ma (FUDMA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-university-dutsin-ma|access-date=2021-11-22|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> is owned by the federal government as well as [[Federal College of Education, Katsina]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|first=I. J. N.|date=2020-10-24|title=Full List of Courses Offered In Federal College Of Education Katsina (FCEKATSINA)|url=https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fcekatsina-courses/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=ITSJAMBNEWS|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122171529/https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fcekatsina-courses/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (affiliated to [[Bayero University Kano]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-14|title=List of Courses Offered at Bayero University Kano (BUK)|url=https://nigerianscholars.com/school-news/list-of-courses-offered-at-bayero-university-kano-buk/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Nigerian Scholars|language=en-US}}</ref>). [[Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kwalejin Hassan Usman Katsina]], da Kwalejin [[ilimi]] ta tarayyar [[Najeriya]] [[Federal Polytechnic Daura]]<ref><nowiki>https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwalejin_Kimiyya_da_fasaha_ta_Daura</nowiki></ref> da Jami'ar myTarayya ta Dutsin-Ma, jami'ar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin]] tarayya ta jihar katsina, wadda aka sauya mata suna zuwa marigayi Shugaba ƙasa [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru]] Musa [[Yarradua|Yar' adua]], [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Jami'yar Umaru Musa Yar'adua, Jami'ar]] Alqalam ta Katsina Yusufu Bala Usman College of Legal, and General Studies, [[Daura]] da Makarantar Nazarin [[Karatu]] da Gyara, Funtua (SBRS / ABU [[Funtua]]) da Kwalejin [[Ilimi]] ta Isa Kaita Dutsin-Ma, da ke garin [[Dutsin-ma]]. A takaice dai akwai cibiyoyin bayar da digiri har guda bakwai a cikin jihar mallakar hukumomi daban daban-d.a. Cn cibiyoyin sune [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar' adua]]<ref><nowiki>https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami%27ar_Umaru_Musa_Yar%27adua</nowiki></ref>, mallakar gwamnatin jihar. Jami'ar Alqalam Katsina, jami'ar [[Musulunci]] ta farko a Najeriya kuma mallakar ta ce. [[Jami'ar jihar Gombe|Jami'ar]] [[Tarayya]] ta Dutsinma, mallakar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin]] tarayya. Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya ta Katsina (wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Bayero ta Kano). National Open University of Nigeria, Isa Kaita College of Education Dutsinma (wacce ke da nasaba da Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, [[Zariya]]), kwalejin [[ilimi]] ce ta jihar. Cibiyar Cherish Batsari, wata jami'a mai zaman kanta ta ba da digiri a kwasa-kwasan kiwon lafiya. <ref>Malam Mustapha 7 institutions currently running degree programs in Katsina http://katsinapost.com.ng/2018/05/17/7-institutions-currently-running-degree-programs-in-katsina/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417155136/http://katsinapost.com.ng/2018/05/17/7-institutions-currently-running-degree-programs-in-katsina/ |date=2021-04-17 }}</ref> == Tasirin annobar COVID-19 a jihar Katsina == Duk da matakan da gwamnatin jihar ta ɗauka na hana yaɗuwar cutar [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a cikin jihar, a ranar bakwai ga watan Afrilun shekerar dubu biyu da shirin (2020). Wani likita a [[karamar hukumar Daura]] ya mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar da ke da alaƙa da Corona virus kuma an yi wa danginsa gwaji mai kyau. Daga baya, daya daga cikin majiyyatan likitan shima ya mutu. Don dakile yaduwar cutar, gwamnatin jihar ta bada umarnin kulle a cikin jihar tare da tura 'yan sanda don tabbatar da bin doka. Ko yaya, akwai lokuta da suka saba wa wannan umarni kuma mutane na zargin gwamnati da kulle wuraren ibada kamar su coci-coci da masallatan Juma'a yayin da manyan kasuwanni irin su [['Yar Kutungu]], [[Himata]], [[Greenhouse]], Mudassir da sauransu ke aiki. An yi arangama tsakanin ‘yan sanda da matasa a [[Kusada|karamar hukumar Kusada wanda ya yi sanadiyyar]] mutuwa da kame fararen hula. == Fitattun mutane daga jihar Katsina == [[File:The_Emir_of_Katsena,_Magagin_on_his_right_and_district_headmen,_police_in_the_background.png|thumb| Sarkin Katsina, [[Muhammadu Dikko|Muhammad Dikko dan Gidado]], da sauran jami'ai, 1911]] * Abba Musa Rimi<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abba_Musa_Rimi#:~:text=Abba%20Musa%20Rimi%20CON%20(born,October%201979%20to%20June%201981</nowiki>.</ref>, Gwamnan Jihar Kaduna shekarar alif 1980 zuwa shekarar alif 1983 * [[Abdulmumini Kabir Usman|Abdulmuminu Kabir Usman]], Sarkin Katsina * [[Aminu Bello Masari]] tsohon kakakin majalisar wakilai shekara ta 2003 zuwa shekara ta 2007 kuma [[Jerin gwamnonin jihar Katsina|Gwamnan jihar na yanzu]] * [[Faruk Umar Faruk]] CON, Na Yanzu kuma Sarkin Daura na 60 * Habu Daura, kwamishinan ‘yan sanda kuma shi ne mai rikon mukamin mai kula da [[Bayelsa|jihar Bayelsa]], daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Yuni 1997 * Hamza Rafindadi Zayyad, tsohon shugaban Kwamitin Fasaha kan Bayar da Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci * [[Hassan Usman Katsina|Hassan Katsina]], Gwamnan soja na yankin arewa daga shekara ta 1966 zuwa shekara ta 1967. * Ibrahim Coomassie, Sufeto Janar na [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|‘yan sanda]] shekara ta 1993 zuwa shekara ta 1999 * [[Ibrahim M. Ida]], Sanata mai wakiltar mazabar Katsina ta Tsakiya ta jihar Katsina, Najeriya, yana kan mulki a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2007 kuma dan jam'iyyar All Progressive Congress APC * [[Ibrahim Shema]], [[Jerin gwamnonin jihar Katsina|Gwamnan jihar Katsina]] shekara ta 2007 zuwa shekara ta 2015 * [[Isa Kaita]], ministan ilimi na arewacin Najeriya na farko kuma kakakin majalisar dokoki a Nijeriya ta arewa * [[Ja'afar Mahmud Adam]], Malamin Addinin Islama mai Salafiyya yayi daidai da Kungiyar Izala * [[Lawal Kaita]], Gwamnan jihar Kaduna a shekara ta 1983 * Lawal Musa Daura, Darakta Janar na hukumar tsaro ta farin kaya ta Najeriya * [[Magaji Muhammed]], tsohon Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida, tsohon Ministan masana'antu da tsohon Jakadan Najeriya a Masarautar Saudiyya. * Mahamud Kanti Bello, Tsohon Babban Bulala na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] * [[Mahaman Shata|Mamman Shata]], mawakin hausa / mawaki. * Muhammed Bello, tsohon Babban Alkalin Kotun Koli * Muhammed Tukur Liman tsohon shugaban masu rinjaye na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattijan Najeriya]] . * [[Muhammadu Buhari]], [[Shugaban Nijeriya|Shugaban mulkin]] soja na shekara ta 1983 zuwa shekara ta 1985, Shugaban PTF kuma Shugaban Najeriya tun daga 29 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2015 * Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu Sufeto Janar na [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|'yan sanda]] daga shekara ta1975 zuwa shekara ta1979 * [[Muhammadu Dikko]], Sarkin Katsina a shekara ta 1906 zuwa shekara ta 1944. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], tsohon Babban Alkalin Jihar Katsina daga shekara ta 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da Galadiman Katsina na sha daya 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * [[Sani Daura Ahmed|Sani Ahmed Daura]], kwamisshinan ‘yan sanda na Jihar Legas a shekara ta 1990, kuma shi ne Gwamnan [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]] na farko daga shekara ta 1991 zuwa shekara ta 1991 * [[Sani Daura|Sani Zangon Daura]], Ministan Noma na Tarayyar da Raya Karkara a shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2000, Ministan Mahalli na Tarayya a shekara ta 2000 zuwa shekara ta 2001 * [[Shehu Musa Yar'Adua]], dan siyasa, babban janar kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Soja daga shekara ta 1976 zuwa shekara ta 1979 * Sunusi Mamman, matai makin shugaban jami’ar Umaru Musa Yaradua, Katsina sau biyu. * Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem, Pan-Africanist, Oxford Rhodes Scholar da Tsohon Mataimakin Darakta na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Millennium Kamfen ga watan Afirka a shekara ta 1961 zuwa shekara ta 2009 * [[Umar Farouk Abdulmudallab|Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab]], an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a Amurka saboda yunƙurin jefa bam ɗin jirgin sama na Arewa maso gabas a filin jirgi, 253 a ranar [[Kirsimeti]], a shekara ta 2009. * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]], [[Jerin gwamnonin jihar Katsina|Gwamnan Jiha]] a shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2007, da kuma [[Shugaban Nijeriya|Shugaban Najeriya]] a shekara ta 2007 zuwa shekara ta 2010 * [[Umaru Mutallab]],tsohon ma'aikacin kasuwanci da harkar banki sannan kuma tsohon Ministan cigaban [[tattalin arziki]]. To * awa. * Yakubu Musa Katsina, malamin addinin Musulunci. * [[Dikko Umaru Radda|Dikko umar radda]]<ref>BBC Kastina state governor Dikko Umar Radda launch Community Watch to tackle bandits 11 Oct 2023</ref>, gwamnan Katsina mai ci. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} # '''^''' Malam Mustapha 7 institutions currently running degree programs in Katsina <nowiki>http://katsinapost.com.ng/2018/05/17/7-institutions-currently-running-degree-programs-in-katsina/</nowiki> {{Jihohin Najeriya}} [[Category:Katsina (jiha)| ]] [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 76svkg3h78izynxa5n2qg1b1fhefjzi 888386 888385 2026-07-28T09:47:57Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:General Hospital Daura.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Katsina State Inland Revenue Office, Katsina City.jpg|thumb|Katsina State Inland Revenue Office, Katsina City]] [[Fayil:SAN 8439 (Katsina Emir Palace).jpg|thumb|Fadar sarkin katsina]] [[Fayil:Gobarau Minaret Katsina.JPG|thumb|Gobarau minaret katsina]] '''Katsina jiha''' ce a shiyyar [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] Maso Yammacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Institute of International Studies|url=https://iis.berkeley.edu/|access-date=2021-03-07|website=iis.berkeley.edu}}</ref> An kuma ƙirkiri jihar Katsina ne a shekarar 1987, lokacin da aka samar da ita daga jihar [[Kaduna]]. A yau, Jihar Katsina ta yi iyaka da Jihohin [[Zamfara]] da [[Kaduna]] da [[Kano]] da [[Jigawa]], har ila yau Kuma Katsina tanada iyaka da Jamhuriyar [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]. Ana yi mata laƙabi da "Ta Dikko Ɗakin Kara", kuma ana yi wa [[Katsinawa (kauje)|Katsinawa]] kirarin "Kunya gareku ba dai tsoro ba". Babban birnin jihar da garin [[Daura]], an bayyana su daga cikin "tsofaffin mazaunun [[Al'adun Najeriya na gargajiya|al'adu]] da [[Musulunci]] da kuma ilmantarwa" a [[Najeriya]]. Jihar Katsina, tana da mazauna har sama da 5,800,000 a ƙidayar shekarar dubu biyu da shidda (2006). Jihar Katsina ce ta biyar (5) mafi girman gaske acikin Jerin yawan haɓakar jama'a a jihohi [[Najeriya|biyar mafi girma]] a cikin ƙasar ta [[Nijeriya]], cikin yawan jama'a, duk da kasancewarta ta bakwai daga cikin Jihohi 17 mafi faɗin ƙasa daga cikin jihohi 36 na tarayyar Najeriya. Ta kuma fuskar adadin ƙabilu kuwa, [[Fulani|jama'a, Fulani]] sun fi kowace ƙabila yawa a jihar, kuma mafi yawancin [[Mutanen Soninke|mutanen]] Jihar Katsina suna bin koyarwar [[Musulunci a Najeriya|addinin Musulunci]]. A shekarar 2005, <ref name="ahram" /> A shekarar 2005,<ref>{{Cite web|title=CNN.com - Woman sentenced to stoning freed - Feb. 23, 2004|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/africa/09/25/nigeria.stoning/|access-date=2021-03-07|website=edition.cnn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2000-08-01|title=Katsina adopts Sharia|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2000/08/01/katsina-adopts-sharia|access-date=2021-03-07|website=The New Humanitarian|language=en}}</ref>Katsina ta zama jiha ta biyar a Najeriya da ta yi amfani da tsarin [[Shari'ar Musulunci]]. [[Jerin gwamnonin jihar Katsina|Gwamnan jihar Katsina na yanzu]] shi ne Dr.[[Dikko umar radda]], dan jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress|"All Progressives Congress"]]Ana ɗaukar Jihar a matsayin babbar cibiyar siyasar [[Muhammadu Buhari]], ɗan asalin garin Daura, wanda ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2019 da kusan kashi 80% na ƙuri’un mutanen jihar. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-25|title=Buhari Wins Katsina with 1.2m Votes|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/26/buhari-wins-katsina-with-1-2m-votes/|access-date=2021-03-07|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> Jihar Katsina na ɗaya daga cikin Jihohin Najeriya da ke fama da [[Ta'addanci|matsalar ta'addanci]]. Wacce ta fara a shekarar 2020. Ƙungiyar yan ta'adda da yan fashi da garkuwa da mutane [[Boko Haram|sun]] [[Garkuwa da mutane a Kankara|yi garkuwa da yara sama da 300]] a ƙaramar hukumar [[Ƙanƙara (ƙaramar hukumar)|kankara]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-12-19|title=More than 300 schoolchildren are abducted in Nigeria|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/12/19/more-than-300-schoolchildren-are-abducted-in-nigeria|access-date=2021-03-07|issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-17|title=Gunmen kidnap 'hundreds' of schoolboys in central Nigeria|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210217-gunmen-kidnap-hundreds-of-schoolboys-in-central-nigeria|access-date=2021-03-07|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref><ref>Sani, Abubakar (2004). The Great Province. Lugga Press. pp. 174–176. <nowiki>ISBN 9782105481</nowiki>.</ref> {{Infobox Nigerian State | name = Katsina | official_name = Jihar Katsina | settlement_type = Jiha | image_skyline = Durbar_in_Katsina.jpg | image_caption = Bikin Durbar a Katsina | image_flag = Flag_of_Katsina_State.png | image_seal = Seal_of_Katsina_State.png | coordinates = 12°15′ N 7°52′ E | subdivision_type = Kasa | subdivision_name = Najeriya | established_title = An kafa | established_date = 23 ga Satumba, 1987 | capital = Katsina | governor = (Shigar da sunan gwamna) | area_total_km2 = 23938 | population_total = 5792578 | population_as_of = 2006 | timezone1 = WAT | utc_offset1 = +1 | website = [https://katsinastate.gov.ng/ Katsina State Government] | motto = "Ilmi da Ci gaba" | anthem = "Katsina, Garkuwar Arewacin Najeriya" | map = Nigeria Katsina State map.png | map_caption = Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya }} == Jihar Katsina == === Jiha da Wuri === Jihar Katsina tana a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya, tana da fadin kusan 23,938 zuwa 24,192 km². Ta kasance tsakanin latitudodin 11°08′ N zuwa 13°22′ N, da longitudodin 6°52′ E zuwa 9°20′ E. Jihar na da iyaka da Jamhuriyar Nijar a arewa, Jigawa da Kano a gabas, Kaduna a kudu, da Zamfara a yamma. [[File:Katsina_State_Map.png|thumb|right|250px|Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya]] === Tarihi === An kafa Jihar Katsina a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1987, daga Jihar Kaduna da aka rushe. Katsina ta yi tarihi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin Hausa Bakwai (gari-gari na Hausa Bakwai), da Emirate na Katsina da Daura. Mutanen jihar sun fi yawa daga cikin Hausa da Fulani, kuma Musulunci shine addini mafi rinjaye. [[File:Emir_of_Katsina.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Emir na Katsina]] === Yawan Jama’a da Gudanarwa === A censa na 2006, yawan mutanen Jihar Katsina ya kai kusan 5,792,578. Duk da haka, gwamnatin jihar ta kiyasta yawan jama’a ya wuce 8 miliyan yanzu. Jihar na da Kananan Hukumomi 34 (LGAs). === Yanayi (Climate) === Jihar na da yanayin semi-arid zuwa na nahiyar ƙasa, wanda ke da kakar ruwan sama da kuma kakar bushewa. Ruwan sama a jihar na bambanta: a arewarta yana tsakanin 600–700 mm, yayin da a kudancin zai iya kai 1,000 mm. Matsakaicin zafin yawan shekara ya kasance tsakanin 21 °C zuwa 30 °C. === Tattalin Arziki === Noma shine ginshiƙi na tattalin arzikin jihar. Ana noma manyan amfanin gonar kamar dawa (millet), gero (sorghum), masara, gyada (groundnuts), da auduga (cotton). Kiwo (shanu, awaki, tumaki) na ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun arziki. Akwai kuma ma’adanai a jihar kamar granite, basalt, ƙarfe, da lu’u‑lu’u. Masana’antu kanana kamar masana’antar ƙarfe (steel rolling), injinan fulawa (flour mills), da masana’antar dinki suna aiki a jihar. Amma duk da haka, jihar na fuskantar ƙalubale na talauci; bayanai daga Manufofin Tattalin Arziki na Jihar sun nuna cewa yawan mutane masu talauci multidimensional ya yi yawa. [[File:Katsina_Granite_Mines.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ma’adanan granite a Katsina]] === Al’adu da Jama’a === Katsina na da al’adu masu yawa, ciki har da ilimin Musulunci, sana’o’in gargajiya kamar aikin fata (leather), dinki, tukwane, da zane-zane. Bikin Durbar, musamman a lokacin bukukuwan Musulunci, na daga cikin manyan al’adun jihar. Tsofaffin shugabannin gargajiya na cikin tsarin sarauta na Emir a Emirate na Katsina da Daura. [[File:Katsina_Durbar.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bikin Durbar na Katsina]] === Ilmi === Wasu daga cikin jami’o’i masu muhimmanci a Katsina sun haɗa da: * Jami’ar Umaru Musa Yar’adua * Federal University Dutsin‑Ma * Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic Hakanan akwai manyan makarantu na koyarwa (teacher‑training colleges) da makarantu na addinin Musulunci waɗanda ke da tarihi mai zurfi. === Ci Gaba da Ayyuka === Jihar na da yawancin ruwa (water bodies) da ke tallafawa aikin ban ruwa (irrigation) don noma. Sai dai ci gaban masana’antu da tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya yana fama da wasu ƙalubale na rashin manyan masana’antu da rashin wadatar jari sosai. === Majiyoyi === <references> * “About Katsina State”, Katsina State Government. * “Katsina State – Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission”, NIPC. * “Katsina | Nigeria, Map, & History”, Britannica. * “Brief History of Katsina State”, Katsina Investment Promotion Agency. * “Katsina State Socio‑Economic, Geographical and Political Highlight”, UNESCO / Katsina State. * “Land‑Use and Change Dynamics of Katsina State, Nigeria”, International Journal of Advanced Research & Publications. * “Katsina State Tourism Policy” (PDF), Katsina State Government. * “Katsina’s Search for Sustainable Development”, ThisDayLive. * “Katsina State Celebrates 30 Years of Statehood”, ThisDayLive. * “Katsina State Inclusive Economy Policy” (PDF), Katsina State Government. </references> {{Infobox Nigerian State | name = Katsina | official_name = Jihar Katsina | settlement_type = Jiha | image_skyline = Emir%27s_Palace%2C_Katsina.jpg | image_caption = Fadar Sarkin Katsina | image_flag = <!-- (no reliable free flag image found) --> | image_seal = <!-- leave blank if no good seal image) --> | coordinates = 12°15′ N 7°52′ E | subdivision_type = Kasa | subdivision_name = Najeriya | established_title = An kafa | established_date = 23 ga Satumba, 1987 | capital = Katsina | governor = (Shigar da sunan gwamna) | area_total_km2 = 23938 | population_total = 5792578 | population_as_of = 2006 | timezone1 = WAT | utc_offset1 = +1 | website = [https://katsinastate.gov.ng/ Katsina State Government] | map = Nigeria_-_Katsina.svg | map_caption = Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya }} [[File:Nigeria_-_Katsina.svg|thumb|right|250px|Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya (vector)]] [[File:Emir%27s_Palace%2C_Katsina.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fadar Sarkin Katsina]] Akwai kuma hoton gado (heritage) na jihar: [[File:Heritage_of_nigeria_in_katsina_state.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Gado na al’adu a Jihar Katsina]] == Demography == [[Fulani]] sun fi kowace kabila yawa.<ref name=ahram>{{cite web |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/841/in4.htm |title=Nigeria fastened with nails |access-date=2007-04-24 |last=Nkromah |first=Gamal |work=Al-Ahram Weekly Online |publisher=Al-Ahram Weekly |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504070227/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/841/in4.htm |archive-date=2007-05-04 }}</ref> === Addini === Galibin mutanen Jihar Katsina musulmai ne,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=Abubakar|title=The Great Province|publisher=Lugga Press|year=2004|isbn=9782105481|pages=174–176}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AFRICA {{!}} Nigeria's Katsina state adopts Sharia|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/860660.stm|access-date=2021-11-21|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>{{clarify|date=June 2021}} The [[Church of Nigeria]] has a Diocese of Katsina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anglican-nig.org/KadunaP_katsina.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111120228/http://www.anglican-nig.org/KadunaP_katsina.htm |archive-date=January 11, 2011|title=Church of Nigeria: Diocese of Lagos}}</ref> kuma [[Tarihin Hasumiyar Gobarau|Gobarau Minaret]] muhimmin gini ne a birnin Katsina (kuma tarihi ya tabbbatar da cewa an ginata ne domin amfanin addinin musulunci). Jihar Katsina, har yanzu tana aiwatar da [[Shari'a]] a duk faɗin jihar. Akwai kuma Cocin na Najeriya yana da Diocese na Katsina. Cocin Redeemed Christian [[Church]] of [[God]] da Cocin Roman [[Katolika]] suna nan a cikin jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sunday.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7377&catid=19&Itemid=28 |title=RCCG Katsina/Jigawa province celebrates |access-date=2011-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008225348/http://sunday.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7377&catid=19&Itemid=28 |archive-date=2011-10-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2021}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dynamic.csw.org.uk/article.asp?t=news&id=809|title=Two churches destroyed in Bauchi State, Nigeria|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> {{Infobox Nigerian State | name = Katsina | official_name = Jihar Katsina | settlement_type = Jiha | image_skyline = Durbar_in_Katsina.jpg | image_caption = Bikin Durbar a Katsina | image_flag = Flag_of_Katsina_State.png | image_seal = Seal_of_Katsina_State.png | coordinates = 12°15′ N 7°52′ E | subdivision_type = Kasa | subdivision_name = Najeriya | established_title = An kafa | established_date = 23 ga Satumba, 1987 | capital = Katsina | governor = (Shigar da sunan gwamna) | area_total_km2 = 23938 | population_total = 5792578 | population_as_of = 2006 | timezone1 = WAT | utc_offset1 = +1 | website = [https://katsinastate.gov.ng/ Katsina State Government] | motto = "Ilmi da Ci gaba" | anthem = "Katsina, Garkuwar Arewacin Najeriya" | map = Nigeria Katsina State map.png | map_caption = Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya }} [[File:Katsina_State_Map.png|thumb|right|250px|Taswirar Jihar Katsina a Najeriya]] === Demographics === * **Kabilu:** Hausa (mafi yawa), Fulani, da ƙananan ƙabilu. * **Harsuna:** Hausa (major), Fulfulde (minor), English (official). * **Addini:** Musulunci (mafi rinjaye), da Ƙananan al’ummomi na Kiristanci. === Yanayi (Climate) === Jihar na da yanayin semi-arid zuwa na nahiyar ƙasa, wanda ke da kakar ruwan sama da kuma kakar bushewa. Ruwan sama a jihar na bambanta: a arewarta yana tsakanin 600–700 mm, yayin da a kudancin zai iya kai 1,000 mm. Matsakaicin zafin yawan shekara ya kasance tsakanin 21 °C zuwa 30 °C. {| class="wikitable" |+ Matsakaicin Yanayi a Katsina |- ! Watan !! Matsakaicin Zafi (°C) !! Ruwan Sama (mm) |- | Janairu || 21 || 5 |- | Fabrairu || 22 || 5 |- | Maris || 25 || 10 |- | Afrilu || 28 || 20 |- | Mayu || 30 || 60 |- | Yuni || 28 || 100 |- | Yuli || 27 || 150 |- | Agusta || 27 || 150 |- | Satumba || 27 || 100 |- | Oktoba || 28 || 50 |- | Nuwamba || 25 || 15 |- | Disamba || 22 || 5 |} === Tattalin Arziki === Noma shine ginshiƙi na tattalin arzikin jihar. Ana noma manyan amfanin gonar kamar dawa (millet), gero (sorghum), masara, gyada (groundnuts), da auduga (cotton). Kiwo (shanu, awaki, tumaki) na ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun arziki. Akwai kuma ma’adanai a jihar kamar granite, basalt, ƙarfe, da lu’u‑lu’u. Masana’antu kanana kamar masana’antar ƙarfe (steel rolling), injinan fulawa (flour mills), da masana’antar dinki suna aiki a jihar. Amma duk da haka, jihar na fuskantar ƙalubale na talauci. [[File:Katsina_Granite_Mines.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ma’adanan granite a Katsina]] === Transport === Jihar tana da hanyoyin mota masu muhimmanci da ke haɗa ta da Kano, Abuja, da Niger. Railway: Layin dogo daga Kano zuwa Katsina (ana aiki). Filayen jirgin sama: Filin jirgin sama na Katsina yana aiki don jigilar cikin gida da kasuwanci. === Ilmi === Wasu daga cikin jami’o’i masu muhimmanci a Katsina sun haɗa da: * Jami’ar Umaru Musa Yar’adua * Federal University Dutsin‑Ma * Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic Hakanan akwai manyan makarantu na koyarwa da makarantu na addinin Musulunci waɗanda ke da tarihi mai zurfi. === Al’adu da Jama’a === Katsina na da al’adu masu yawa, ciki har da ilimin Musulunci, sana’o’in gargajiya kamar aikin fata (leather), dinki, tukwane, da zane-zane. Bikin Durbar, musamman a lokacin bukukuwan Musulunci, na daga cikin manyan al’adun jihar. Tsofaffin shugabannin gargajiya na cikin tsarin sarauta na Emir a Emirate na Katsina da Daura. [[File:Katsina_Durbar.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bikin Durbar na Katsina]] === Tourism & Landmarks === * Gidan Korau (Emir’s Palace) * Masallacin Katsina (Friday Mosque) * Kurfi Market da sauran kasuwanni * Bukukuwan Durbar da sauransu === Healthcare === * Federal Medical Centre Katsina * General Hospital Katsina * Rukuni na cibiyoyin lafiya a ƙauyuka === Notable People === * Umaru Musa Yar’adua – tsohon shugaban Najeriya * Mahmud Tukur – Malami da dan siyasa * Wasu ‘yan kasuwa da masu sana’a masu tasiri a jihar === Ci Gaba da Ayyuka === Jihar na da yawancin ruwa (water bodies) da ke tallafawa aikin ban ruwa (irrigation) don noma. Sai dai ci gaban masana’antu da tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya yana fama da wasu ƙalubale na rashin manyan masana’antu da rashin wadatar jari sosai. === Majiyoyi === <references> * “About Katsina State”, Katsina State Government. * “Katsina State – Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission”, NIPC. * “Katsina | Nigeria, Map, & History”, Britannica. * “Brief History of Katsina State”, Katsina Investment Promotion Agency. * “Katsina State Socio‑Economic, Geographical and Political Highlight”, UNESCO / Katsina State. * “Land‑Use and Change Dynamics of Katsina State, Nigeria”, International Journal of Advanced Research & Publications. * “Katsina State Tourism Policy” (PDF), Katsina State Government. * “Katsina’s Search for Sustainable Development”, ThisDayLive. * “Katsina State Celebrates 30 Years of Statehood”, ThisDayLive. * “Katsina State Inclusive Economy Policy” (PDF), Katsina State Government. </references> == Kananan hukumomin == Jihar Katsina ta ƙunshi [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] har talatin da huɗu (34) ga su nan kamar haka:Bakori, Batagarawa, Batsari, Baure, Bindawa, Charanchi, Dan Musa, Dandume, Danja, Daura, Dutsinma, Dutsi, Faskari, Funtua, Ingawa, Jibia, Kaita, Kankara, Kankia, Katsina, Kurfi, Kusada, Mai'adua, Maiyama, Malumfashi, Mani, Mashi, Matazu, Musawa, Rimawa, Safana, Sandamu, and Zango. Kuma Sannan kowa ce karamar hukuma ta na wakilin ta kamar yan majalissu da ciyamomi kansiloli da sauransu.<ref>#wiki4agile</ref> {|---- | * [[Bakori]] * [[Batagarawa]] * [[Batsari]] * [[Baure]] * [[Bindawa]] * [[Charanchi]] * [[Ɗan Musa]] * [[Ɗandume]] * [[Ɗanja]] * [[Daura]] * [[Dutsin-ma]] * [[Faskari]] * [[Funtua]] * [[Ingawa]] * [[Jibia]] * [[Ƙafur]] * [[Kaita]] * [[Kanƙara]] * [[Kankia]] * [[Katsina]] * [[Kurfi]] * [[Kusada]] * [[Mai'Adua]] * [[Malumfashi]] * [[Mani]] * [[Mashi]] * [[Matazu]] * [[Musawa]] * [[Rimi]] * [[Sabuwa]] * [[Safana]] * [[Sandamu]] * [[Zango]] == Ilimi == Jihar Katsina cibiya ce ta [[ilimin]] [[Boko Haram|boko]] dana yau da kullum. A halin yanzu tana da kwalejin Ilimi ta tarayya ta Katsina,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-09|title=List Of UMYU Courses and Programmes Offered|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/umyu-courses/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref> is a public university owned by the state government. [[Al-Qalam University]], the first [[Islamic Education Trust|Islamic]] university in Nigeria is privately owned. [[Federal University, Dutsin-Ma]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal University, Dutsin-ma (FUDMA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-university-dutsin-ma|access-date=2021-11-22|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> is owned by the federal government as well as [[Federal College of Education, Katsina]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|first=I. J. N.|date=2020-10-24|title=Full List of Courses Offered In Federal College Of Education Katsina (FCEKATSINA)|url=https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fcekatsina-courses/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=ITSJAMBNEWS|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122171529/https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fcekatsina-courses/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (affiliated to [[Bayero University Kano]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-14|title=List of Courses Offered at Bayero University Kano (BUK)|url=https://nigerianscholars.com/school-news/list-of-courses-offered-at-bayero-university-kano-buk/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Nigerian Scholars|language=en-US}}</ref>). [[Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kwalejin Hassan Usman Katsina]], da Kwalejin [[ilimi]] ta tarayyar [[Najeriya]] [[Federal Polytechnic Daura]]<ref><nowiki>https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwalejin_Kimiyya_da_fasaha_ta_Daura</nowiki></ref> da Jami'ar myTarayya ta Dutsin-Ma, jami'ar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin]] tarayya ta jihar katsina, wadda aka sauya mata suna zuwa marigayi Shugaba ƙasa [[Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru]] Musa [[Yarradua|Yar' adua]], [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Jami'yar Umaru Musa Yar'adua, Jami'ar]] Alqalam ta Katsina Yusufu Bala Usman College of Legal, and General Studies, [[Daura]] da Makarantar Nazarin [[Karatu]] da Gyara, Funtua (SBRS / ABU [[Funtua]]) da Kwalejin [[Ilimi]] ta Isa Kaita Dutsin-Ma, da ke garin [[Dutsin-ma]]. A takaice dai akwai cibiyoyin bayar da digiri har guda bakwai a cikin jihar mallakar hukumomi daban daban-d.a. Cn cibiyoyin sune [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar' adua]]<ref><nowiki>https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami%27ar_Umaru_Musa_Yar%27adua</nowiki></ref>, mallakar gwamnatin jihar. Jami'ar Alqalam Katsina, jami'ar [[Musulunci]] ta farko a Najeriya kuma mallakar ta ce. [[Jami'ar jihar Gombe|Jami'ar]] [[Tarayya]] ta Dutsinma, mallakar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin]] tarayya. Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya ta Katsina (wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Bayero ta Kano). National Open University of Nigeria, Isa Kaita College of Education Dutsinma (wacce ke da nasaba da Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, [[Zariya]]), kwalejin [[ilimi]] ce ta jihar. Cibiyar Cherish Batsari, wata jami'a mai zaman kanta ta ba da digiri a kwasa-kwasan kiwon lafiya. <ref>Malam Mustapha 7 institutions currently running degree programs in Katsina http://katsinapost.com.ng/2018/05/17/7-institutions-currently-running-degree-programs-in-katsina/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417155136/http://katsinapost.com.ng/2018/05/17/7-institutions-currently-running-degree-programs-in-katsina/ |date=2021-04-17 }}</ref> == Tasirin annobar COVID-19 a jihar Katsina == Duk da matakan da gwamnatin jihar ta ɗauka na hana yaɗuwar cutar [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a cikin jihar, a ranar bakwai ga watan Afrilun shekerar dubu biyu da shirin (2020). Wani likita a [[karamar hukumar Daura]] ya mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar da ke da alaƙa da Corona virus kuma an yi wa danginsa gwaji mai kyau. Daga baya, daya daga cikin majiyyatan likitan shima ya mutu. Don dakile yaduwar cutar, gwamnatin jihar ta bada umarnin kulle a cikin jihar tare da tura 'yan sanda don tabbatar da bin doka. Ko yaya, akwai lokuta da suka saba wa wannan umarni kuma mutane na zargin gwamnati da kulle wuraren ibada kamar su coci-coci da masallatan Juma'a yayin da manyan kasuwanni irin su [['Yar Kutungu]], [[Himata]], [[Greenhouse]], Mudassir da sauransu ke aiki. An yi arangama tsakanin ‘yan sanda da matasa a [[Kusada|karamar hukumar Kusada wanda ya yi sanadiyyar]] mutuwa da kame fararen hula. == Fitattun mutane daga jihar Katsina == [[File:The_Emir_of_Katsena,_Magagin_on_his_right_and_district_headmen,_police_in_the_background.png|thumb| Sarkin Katsina, [[Muhammadu Dikko|Muhammad Dikko dan Gidado]], da sauran jami'ai, 1911]] * Abba Musa Rimi<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abba_Musa_Rimi#:~:text=Abba%20Musa%20Rimi%20CON%20(born,October%201979%20to%20June%201981</nowiki>.</ref>, Gwamnan Jihar Kaduna shekarar alif 1980 zuwa shekarar alif 1983 * [[Abdulmumini Kabir Usman|Abdulmuminu Kabir Usman]], Sarkin Katsina * [[Aminu Bello Masari]] tsohon kakakin majalisar wakilai shekara ta 2003 zuwa shekara ta 2007 kuma [[Jerin gwamnonin jihar Katsina|Gwamnan jihar na yanzu]] * [[Faruk Umar Faruk]] CON, Na Yanzu kuma Sarkin Daura na 60 * Habu Daura, kwamishinan ‘yan sanda kuma shi ne mai rikon mukamin mai kula da [[Bayelsa|jihar Bayelsa]], daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Yuni 1997 * Hamza Rafindadi Zayyad, tsohon shugaban Kwamitin Fasaha kan Bayar da Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci * [[Hassan Usman Katsina|Hassan Katsina]], Gwamnan soja na yankin arewa daga shekara ta 1966 zuwa shekara ta 1967. * Ibrahim Coomassie, Sufeto Janar na [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|‘yan sanda]] shekara ta 1993 zuwa shekara ta 1999 * [[Ibrahim M. Ida]], Sanata mai wakiltar mazabar Katsina ta Tsakiya ta jihar Katsina, Najeriya, yana kan mulki a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2007 kuma dan jam'iyyar All Progressive Congress APC * [[Ibrahim Shema]], [[Jerin gwamnonin jihar Katsina|Gwamnan jihar Katsina]] shekara ta 2007 zuwa shekara ta 2015 * [[Isa Kaita]], ministan ilimi na arewacin Najeriya na farko kuma kakakin majalisar dokoki a Nijeriya ta arewa * [[Ja'afar Mahmud Adam]], Malamin Addinin Islama mai Salafiyya yayi daidai da Kungiyar Izala * [[Lawal Kaita]], Gwamnan jihar Kaduna a shekara ta 1983 * Lawal Musa Daura, Darakta Janar na hukumar tsaro ta farin kaya ta Najeriya * [[Magaji Muhammed]], tsohon Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida, tsohon Ministan masana'antu da tsohon Jakadan Najeriya a Masarautar Saudiyya. * Mahamud Kanti Bello, Tsohon Babban Bulala na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] * [[Mahaman Shata|Mamman Shata]], mawakin hausa / mawaki. * Muhammed Bello, tsohon Babban Alkalin Kotun Koli * Muhammed Tukur Liman tsohon shugaban masu rinjaye na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattijan Najeriya]] . * [[Muhammadu Buhari]], [[Shugaban Nijeriya|Shugaban mulkin]] soja na shekara ta 1983 zuwa shekara ta 1985, Shugaban PTF kuma Shugaban Najeriya tun daga 29 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2015 * Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu Sufeto Janar na [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|'yan sanda]] daga shekara ta1975 zuwa shekara ta1979 * [[Muhammadu Dikko]], Sarkin Katsina a shekara ta 1906 zuwa shekara ta 1944. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], tsohon Babban Alkalin Jihar Katsina daga shekara ta 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da Galadiman Katsina na sha daya 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * [[Sani Daura Ahmed|Sani Ahmed Daura]], kwamisshinan ‘yan sanda na Jihar Legas a shekara ta 1990, kuma shi ne Gwamnan [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]] na farko daga shekara ta 1991 zuwa shekara ta 1991 * [[Sani Daura|Sani Zangon Daura]], Ministan Noma na Tarayyar da Raya Karkara a shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2000, Ministan Mahalli na Tarayya a shekara ta 2000 zuwa shekara ta 2001 * [[Shehu Musa Yar'Adua]], dan siyasa, babban janar kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Soja daga shekara ta 1976 zuwa shekara ta 1979 * Sunusi Mamman, matai makin shugaban jami’ar Umaru Musa Yaradua, Katsina sau biyu. * Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem, Pan-Africanist, Oxford Rhodes Scholar da Tsohon Mataimakin Darakta na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Millennium Kamfen ga watan Afirka a shekara ta 1961 zuwa shekara ta 2009 * [[Umar Farouk Abdulmudallab|Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab]], an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a Amurka saboda yunƙurin jefa bam ɗin jirgin sama na Arewa maso gabas a filin jirgi, 253 a ranar [[Kirsimeti]], a shekara ta 2009. * [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]], [[Jerin gwamnonin jihar Katsina|Gwamnan Jiha]] a shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2007, da kuma [[Shugaban Nijeriya|Shugaban Najeriya]] a shekara ta 2007 zuwa shekara ta 2010 * [[Umaru Mutallab]],tsohon ma'aikacin kasuwanci da harkar banki sannan kuma tsohon Ministan cigaban [[tattalin arziki]]. To * awa. * Yakubu Musa Katsina, malamin addinin Musulunci. * [[Dikko Umaru Radda|Dikko umar radda]]<ref>BBC Kastina state governor Dikko Umar Radda launch Community Watch to tackle bandits 11 Oct 2023</ref>, gwamnan Katsina mai ci. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} # '''^''' Malam Mustapha 7 institutions currently running degree programs in Katsina <nowiki>http://katsinapost.com.ng/2018/05/17/7-institutions-currently-running-degree-programs-in-katsina/</nowiki> {{Jihohin Najeriya}} [[Category:Katsina (jiha)| ]] [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 16pvlgkhz234s44yt5hlnghbp1p1x72 0 2363 888115 634374 2026-07-27T15:38:44Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|thumb|Yankin itofiya a duniya]] '''Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Itofiya:''' da turanci '''''[[Ethiopian Airlines|Ethiopia]],'''''da harshen amhare ( ኢትዮጵያ )<ref>Emi I (4 March 2020). "Ethiopia to Add 4 more Official Languages to Foster Unity". Ventures Africa. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref><ref>Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts". Nazret. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Shaban A. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</ref> ada an santa da suna [[habasha]], kasa ce dake a kudancin [[Afirka]].<ref>Ethiopian Constitution". www.africa.upenn.edu</ref><ref>Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Population Census Commission. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2020.</ref><ref>"Country Level". 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. CSA. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2013</ref> Ta kasancee'yantacciyar kasa ce wadda turawan mulkin mallaka basu mulke ta ba har zuwa shekara ta (1936)<ref>Zenawism as ethnic-federalism" (PDF)</ref><ref>"Is Ethiopia Democratic? A Bureaucratic Authoritarian Regime". Journal of Democracy. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref><ref>Ethiopia- The World Factbook". www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 19 July 2021.</ref> sai sojojin [[Italiya]] suka fada cikin kasar amma 'yan kasar suka yi taron-dangi da sojojin [[Birtaniya]] suka kori sojojin [[Italiya]] a shekara ta, (1941)<ref>Population Size by Sex, Area and Density by Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2024" (PDF). ess.gov.et. Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS). Retrieved 3 June 2025.</ref><ref>"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Ethiopia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref> amma batasamu 'yancin kanta ba sai da kasar [[ingila]] tasa mata hannu a shekara ta [[1944|(1944]].)<ref>"Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021</ref><ref>Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. 8 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</ref><ref>UNESCO - Ethiopian epiphany". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Haplic Fluvisol in Sinkata Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Yara kewa sa]] A cikin ƙarni na bakwai kafin haifuwar [[Annabi Isah]] habashawa sun musu masarauta Aksum a gefan,<ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2022. (Archived 2022 edition.)</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 5 April 2021.</ref><ref>Kessler DF (2012). The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-283-70872-2</nowiki>. OCLC 819506475.</ref> kogin [[maliya]] babban birnita Aksum a yanzu ansanta da Eritrea kuma a shekara ta (500)<ref>Hopkin M (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-10. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref><ref>Li J, Absher D, Tang H, Southwick A, Casto A, Ramachandran S, Cann H, Barsh G, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza L, Myers R (2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science. 319 (5866): 1100–04. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. <nowiki>PMID 18292342</nowiki>. S2CID 53541133.</ref><ref>Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says". Bloomberg News. 21 February 2008. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> kafin haifuwar annabi Isah manoma da 'yan kasuwanci da suka zo daga kasashen [[larabawa]] suka hadu suka yi musu yare daya kuma suka dai-dai ta rubutun su,<ref>Kaplan K (21 February 2008). "Around the world from Addis Ababa". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Abbink J (1998). "An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 11 (2): 109–124. doi:10.1080/13696819808717830. hdl:1887/9486. ISSN 1369-6815. JSTOR 1771876.</ref><ref>Moore DH (1936). "Christianity in Ethiopia". Church History. 5 (3): 271–284. doi:10.2307/3160789. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3160789. S2CID 162029676.</ref> a tsakiyar karni na hudu se sarki Izana ya shiga tare da 'yan cerci ta [[Misra]],<ref>Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia" (PDF). 12 April 2022</ref><ref>BBC Staff (3 November 2020). "Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state". BBC. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</ref><ref>"Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS". Daily News Egypt. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref> a karni na bakwai bayan haifuwar '''annabi isah''' kogin [[maliya]] yazama a hannun musulmai,<ref>Africa S (29 August 2020). "Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower". SomTribune. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref>5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch". World Economic Forum. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref name=":0">Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 23 December 2021</ref><ref name=":0" /> sai Aksum ta rasa kasuwancin ta da alakar ta da taikun [[Indiya]],<ref>"GAL country profile - Ethiopia" (PDF). www.uil.unesco.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025</ref><ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref> a karni na goma sai masarautar Aksum ta ruguje tazama tare da wane cerci na '''Ethiopia''' a shekara ta 800 bayan haifuwar '''annabi Isah''' manoma suka kama biya inshura ga gwamnati kuma suna gina curci curcin da suka fadi har yanzu da kuma sauran su,<ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref><ref>Africa Geoscience Review, Volume 10. Rock View International. 2003. p. 366. Retrieved 9 August 2014.</ref><ref>Bekerie A (2004). "Ethiopica: Some Historical Reflections on the Origin of the Word Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 1 (2): 110–121. ISSN 1543-4133. JSTOR 27828841.</ref> a da Ethiopia ma'anarta konannar fuska ko bakar fuska.<ref>Homer, Odyssey 1.22–4.</ref><ref>Hatke G (2013). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. pp. 52–53. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8147-6066-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Cp. Ezekiel 29:10</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Habasha ta yi rajista mafi saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Meles Zenawi.<ref>"Ethio Telecom forecasts 19% rise in revenue in 2023/24". Reuters. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024</ref><ref>'''^''' ''The Economist'' 22 May 2010, page 49</ref><ref>Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow". BBC. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</ref> A cewar IMF, Habasha na daya daga cikin kasashe masu saurin bunkasar tattalin arziki a duniya, inda ta yi rijista sama da kashi 10 cikin 100 na bunkasuwar tattalin arziki daga 2004 zuwa 2009.<ref name=":4">Stylianou N. "Coffee under threat". BBC News</ref><ref>Cook R (2 September 2015). "World Cattle Inventory: Ranking of countries (FAO) | Cattle Network". www.cattlenetwork.com. Farm Journal. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ita ce tattalin arzikin Afirka mafi saurin bunƙasa ba tare da dogaro da mai ba a cikin shekarun 2007 da 2008.<ref>Ethiopia's flower trade in full bloom". Mail & Guardian. 19 February 2006. Archived from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007. Floriculture has become a flourishing business in Ethiopia in the past five years, with the industry's exports earnings set to grow to $100-million by 2007, a five-fold increase on the $20-million earned in 2005. Ethiopian flower exports could generate an estimated $300-million within two to three years, according to the head of the government export-promotion department, Melaku Legesse.</ref><ref>Averill V (31 May 2007). "Ethiopia's designs on leather trade". BBC. Retrieved 21 June 2007. The label inside the luxuriously soft black leather handbag reads Taytu: Made In Ethiopia. But the embroidered print on the outside, the chunky bronze rings attached to the fashionably short straps and the oversized "it" bag status all scream designer chic.</ref><ref>Pavanello, Sara 2010. Working across borders – Harnessing the potential of cross-border activities to improve livelihood security in the Horn of Africa drylands Archived 12 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. London: Overseas Development Institute</ref> A cikin 2015, Bankin Duniya ya nuna cewa Habasha ta sami saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin tare da haɓakar ainihin kayan cikin gida (GDP) a matsakaicin 10.9% tsakanin 2004 da 2014.<ref>"Largest hydro electric power plant goes smoothly". English.people.com.cn. 12 April 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2010.</ref><ref>Hydroelectric Power Plant built". Addistribune.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>"The "white oil" of Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.. ethiopianreporter.com</ref> A cikin Shekara ta 2008 da 2011, ayyukan ci gaban Habasha da ci gaban da aka samu sun fuskanci ƙalubale sakamakon hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da mawuyacin halin ma'auni na biyan kuɗi.<ref>Project Summary". AKH Project owners. January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopia–Djibouti electric railway line opens". railwaygazette.com. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</ref><ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref> Haɓakar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya haura zuwa kashi 40 cikin 100 a watan Agustan 2011 saboda rashin daidaiton manufofin kuɗi, ƙarin ƙarin albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati a farkon 2011, da tsadar abinci.<ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref><ref>"Zeresenay Alemseged – National Geographic Society". www.nationalgeographic.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref> Duk da saurin bunƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, GDP na kowane mutum yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya, kuma tattalin arzikin yana fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa na tsarin. Dangane da bayanan baya-bayan nan daga shekarar 2019,<ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref><ref>Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref><ref>"Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref> kashi 68.7% na yawan jama'a suna fama da talauci da yawa da kuma ƙarin 18.4% masu rauni zuwa gare shi.<ref>Ethiopian Traditional Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs". EthnoMed. Retrieved 31 January 2022.</ref><ref>Explore All Countries – Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2021. landlocked – entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref> Tare da sanya hannun jari mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan jama'a da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, Habasha tana ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin tsarinta ta zama cibiyar samar da haske a Afirka.<ref>Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005.</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref><ref name=":5">Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":5" /> A cikin 2019 an zartar da wata doka da ta ba wa 'yan Habasha 'yan gudun hijira damar saka hannun jari a masana'antar hidimar hada-hadar kudi ta Habasha.<ref>World Refugee Survey 2008". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.</ref><ref>Racin, L. (4 March 2008) "Future Shock: How Environmental Change and Human Impact Are Changing the Global Map". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.</ref><ref>Ofcansky, T and Berry, L. "Ethiopia: A Country Study". Edited by Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Countrystudies.us</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Habasha ya fayyace cewa ‘yancin mallakar filaye na “jahar da jama’a ne kawai”, amma ‘yan kasar na iya yin hayar filaye har na tsawon shekaru 99,<ref>Shivley, K. "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</ref><ref>Belete A (1991). "Development of agriculture in Ethiopia since the 1975 land reform" (PDF). Agricultural Economics. 6 (2): 159–75. doi:10.1016/0169-5150(91)90022-D (inactive 19 January 2025).</ref><ref>Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017". Government of Ethiopia. Retrieved 20 April 2016.</ref> amma ba za su iya yin jinginar gida ko sayarwa ba. Ana ba da izinin yin hayar filaye na tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma ana tsammanin wannan zai tabbatar da cewa ƙasar ta tafi ga mafi yawan masu amfani. Ana daukar rabon filaye da gudanar da mulki a matsayin wani yanki da aka kafa cin hanci da rashawa,<ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Poverty in Ethiopia Down 33 Percent Since 2000". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> kuma sau da yawa ana neman biyan sauƙaƙawa da kuma cin hanci lokacin da ake fuskantar al’amuran da suka shafi ƙasa.<ref>Condominium housing in Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 4 January 2017</ref><ref>Glottolog 4.8 - Languages of Ethiopia". glottolog.org. Retrieved 30 August 2023.</ref><ref>Languages of Ethiopia". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</ref> Da yake babu mallakar filaye, ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa galibi ana yin su ne kawai ba tare da tambayar masu amfani da filaye ba,<ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>FDRE. "Federal Negarit Gazeta Establishment Proclamation" (PDF). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2021.</ref><ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref> wanda daga nan sai a koma gudun hijira ba tare da gida ko fili ba. Yawan fushi da rashin yarda wani lokaci yakan haifar da zanga-zangar jama'a.<ref name=":6">Fattovich, Rodolfo (2003) "Akkälä Guzay" in von Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Weissbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, p.169.</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>Mpoche, Kizitus, Mbuh, Tennu, eds. (2006). Language, literature, and identity. Cuvillier. pp. 163–64. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-86537-839-2</nowiki>.</ref> Bugu da kari, amfanin noma ya ragu sosai, kuma har yanzu ana fama da fari da yawa a kasar, wanda hakan ke haddasa rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin gida.<ref>"Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 10 November 2006</ref><ref>Abegaz B (1 June 2005). "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" (PDF). Retrieved 27 July 2017.</ref><ref>Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013</ref> == Makamashi da wutar lantarki == Habasha na da manyan koguna 14 da ke kwarara daga tsaunukanta, ciki har da kogin Nilu. Tana da mafi girman wuraren ajiyar ruwa a Afirka.<ref>Davis LD (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. p. 342. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8146-5616-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The History of Ethiopian Jews". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Thomas P Ofcansky LB (2004). Ethiopia: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 130–41. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4191-1857-9</nowiki>.</ref> Ya zuwa 2012, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki suna wakiltar kusan kashi 88.2% na jimillar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>(Kater, 2000)</ref><ref>(Dorman et al., 2009, p. 622).</ref><ref name=":7">Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":7" /> Babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha da aka gina tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2023, wanda zai zama madatsar ruwa mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref>"WaterAid UK – Where we work – Ethiopia"</ref><ref>Ethiopia – Health and Welfare". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> An samar da ragowar wutar lantarki daga burbushin mai (8.3%) da hanyoyin sabunta (3.6%). Adadin wutar lantarki na jimillar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2016 ya kai kashi 42%, tare da kashi 85% a cikin birane da kuma kashi 26% a yankunan karkara. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016,<ref>Global distribution of health workers in WHO Member States" (PDF). The World Health Report 2006. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Ethiopia". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 9 September 2015.</ref><ref>Hanlon C, Eshetu T, Alemayehu D, Fekadu A, Semrau M, Thornicroft G, Kigozi F, Marais DL, Petersen I, Alem A (8 June 2017). "Health system governance to support scale up of mental health care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study". International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 11: 38. doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0144-4. PMC 5465569. <nowiki>PMID 28603550</nowiki>.</ref> jimlar samar da wutar lantarki ya kai TW⋅h 11.15 kuma ana amfani da shi ya kai 9.062 TW⋅h. An fitar da wutar lantarki 0.166 TW⋅h, da 0 kW⋅h da aka shigo da su, da kuma 2.784 GW na karfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>Teferra D, Altbach PG (2003). African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook. Indiana University Press. pp. 316–25. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-253-34186-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref><ref>Education in Ethiopia". WENR. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2022.</ref> Habasha tana isar da kusan kashi 81% na yawan ruwa zuwa kogin Nilu ta cikin kogin Blue Nile, kogin Sobat da Atbara.<ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref><ref>"Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref> A shekara ta 1959, Masar da Sudan sun rattaba hannu kan wata yerjejeniya ta kasashen biyu, yarjejeniyar ruwan Nilu ta shekarar 1959,<ref>Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref name=":8">The 20th century has resulted in Ethiopia connecting towards the world with students of art learning the styles of western art, most notably Afewerk Tekle a laureate and others during the end of Menelik's reign and other monarchs right after</ref><ref name=":8" /> wadda ta bai wa kasashen biyu ‘yancin kan ruwa na ruwan Nilu.<ref>Ethiopia has produced many reputable contemporary painters and muralists, most notable among whom is Laureate Afewerk Tekle</ref><ref>Lalibela was mainly built as a 'new Jerusalem' for Ethiopian pilgrims set to go to Jerusalem nonetheless barred from by Muslim conquests [1] [2] [3]</ref><ref>"The Use of DMT in Early Masonic Ritual". Reality Sandwich. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref> Tun daga lokacin, Masar ta hana kusan dukkan ayyukan da ake yi a Habasha da ke neman amfani da magudanan ruwan Nilu na cikin gida.<ref>"Architecture of Aksun and Lalibela". kolibri.teacherinabox.org.au. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</ref><ref>Marilyn Eiseman Heldman, Frē Ṣeyon (1994). The Marian Icons of the Painter Frē Ṣeyon: A Study of Fifteenth-century Ethiopian Art, Patronage, and Spirituality. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 75. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-03540-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Nosnitsin D (2012). "Ethiopian Manuscripts and Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. A brief Overview and Evaluation". Gazette du livre médiéval. 58 (1): 1–16. doi:10.3406/galim.2012.1993.</ref> Wannan ya yi tasiri wajen hana tallafin samar da wutar lantarki daga waje da ayyukan ban ruwa a yammacin Habasha,<ref name=":9">Smidt WG (2015). "Gorgoryos and Ludolf: The Ethiopian and German Fore-Fathers of Ethiopian Studies: An Ethiopian scholar's 1652 visit to Thuringia" (PDF). ITYOP̣IS: Northeast African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":9" /><ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195</ref> wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan raya tattalin arziki na tushen albarkatun ruwa. Sai dai kasar Habasha na shirin gina wani katafaren madatsar ruwa mai karfin megawatt 6,450 a kogin Blue Nile.<ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195.</ref><ref>Getachew F (2 March 2015). "Ethiopia: Haddis Alemayehu - the Unique Personality in Ethiopian Literature". The Ethiopian Herald.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "20 Of The Best Poets And Poems of Ethiopia (Qene included) — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 18 December 2021.</ref> An kammala shi a shekara ta 2023, wannan babbar madatsar ruwa ta Habasha za ta kasance tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Tekle A (1994). Eritrea and Ethiopia: from conflict to cooperation. The Red Sea Press. p. 197. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-932415-97-4</nowiki>. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan have significant similarities emanating not only from culture, religion, traditions, history and aspirations ... They appreciate similar foods and spices, beverages and sweets, fabrics and tapestry, lyrics and music, and jewellery and fragrances.</ref><ref>Abdullahi MD (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2</nowiki>. Somali music, a unique kind of music that might be mistaken at first for music from nearby countries such as Ethiopia, the Sudan, or even Arabia, can be recognized by its own tunes and styles.</ref><ref>About St. Yared – St. Yared Ethiopian Cuisine & Coffeehaus – Indianapolis IN". www.styaredcuisine.com. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</ref> Aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Gibe III ya zuwa yanzu shi ne mafi girma a kasar tare da samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 1,870. A cikin shekara ta 2017-18 (2010 E.C)<ref>Page WF (2001). Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2. Facts on File. p. 230. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8160-4472-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "Music in Ethiopia — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Page WF (2001). ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2''. Facts on File. p. 230. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8160-4472-6</bdi>.</ref> wannan madatsar ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta samar da 4,900 GW⋅h.[245] === Tsufa === === Manyan labaran: D'mt da Mulkin Aksum === === Kudin Akshaye === A cikin 980 BC, an kafa D'Mt a cikin Are Eritrea da kuma arewacin Ethiopia a yankin Tigray,<ref>Mongabay.com Ethiopia statistics. (n.d). Retrieved 18 November 2006, from Rainforests.mongabay.com</ref><ref>Grantham HS, Duncan A, Evans TD, Jones KR, Beyer HL, Schuster R, Walston J, Ray JC, Robinson JG, Callow M, Clements T, Costa HM, DeGemmis A, Elsen PR, Ervin J, Franco P, Goldman E, Goetz S, Hansen A, Hofsvang E, Jantz P, Jupiter S, Kang A, Langhammer P, Laurance WF, Lieberman S, Linkie M, Malhi Y, Maxwell S, Mendez M, Mittermeier R, Murray NJ, Possingham H, Radachowsky J, Saatchi S, Samper C, Silverman J, Shapiro A, Strassburg B, Stevens T, Stokes E, Taylor R, Tear T, Tizard R, Venter O, Visconti P, Wang S, Watson JE (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. <nowiki>PMID 33293507</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Environmental Profile". Mongabay. 4 February 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</ref> kuma an yi imani da cewa yanayin da zai gaje ya zama magaji ya zama magajinsa.<ref>Parry, J (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved 22 November 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).</ref><ref>See Federal High Court Establishment Proclamation No.322/2003. Federal High Courts have been placed in the following states: Afar, Benshngul/Gumuz, Gambela, Somali, and SNNPR.</ref><ref>Iyyer C (2009). Land Management: Challenges & Strategies. Global India Publications. p. 16. <nowiki>ISBN 978-93-80228-48-8</nowiki>.</ref> Wannan babban birnin kasar da aka samu a Yeha a cikin menene yanzu yanzu Habasha.<ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, as amended by Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 138/1998, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 254/2001, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 321/2003, and Federal Courts Proclamation (Reamendment) Proclamation 454/2005 (Federal Courts Proclamation), Article 24(3).</ref><ref>Constitution of Ethiopia – 8 December 1994". Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.</ref><ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, Article 3.</ref> Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi la'akari da wannan wayewar dan adam dan kasar Habasha na asalin kasar, kodayake a farkon lokacin da suka ba da gudummawa saboda yawan tasirin Bahar Maliya.<ref>Ethiopia – Country Governance Profile EN.pdf. OSGE and OREB. March 2009. p. 14.</ref><ref>Ethiopia | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2015". freedomhouse.org. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, p. 142</ref> Sauran malamai sun dauki matsayin wata kungiyar al'adun afroasicic da rassan da ke magana da kayayyaki da kuma semitic; Wato,<ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles has died: state television". Reuters. 21 August 2012.</ref><ref>Map of Freedom 2007". Freedom House. 2007. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2007.</ref><ref>Lough R (22 August 2012). "Ethiopia acting PM to remain at helm until 2015". Reuters.</ref> jama'ar lard na gida da Sabaenans daga Kudancin Arabia. Duk da haka, Geez,<ref>Malone B (27 May 2015). "Profile: Ethiopia's 'placeholder' PM quietly holds on". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 July 2015.</ref><ref>Maasho A (8 August 2016). "At least 33 protesters killed in Ethiopia's Oromiya region: opposition". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":1">"Ethiopia declares state of emergency". BBC News. 16 February 2018.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> tsohon Semit Harshen Habasha na Habasha na Habasha, ana tunanin ya haɓaka da kansa daga yaren Sabaenan.<ref>"Six million children threatened by Ethiopia drought: UN". Terradaily.com. Retrieved 16 March 200</ref> A farkon rabin 2000 BC, sauran masu magana da Semitic suna zaune a Habasha da Eritrea inda Gealz ya kirkira. <ref>AfricaNews. "Ethiopia declares 6 months state of emergency over Oromia protests | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 7 November 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister wins the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize". CNN News. 16 October 2019</ref><ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref> Yanzu haka Sabaea ya kasance yana tunanin ya kasance ƙarami,<ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). p.17. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Country Profile". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ottaway M (1995). "The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New Authoritarianism?". Northeast African Studies. 2 (3): 67–84. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0028. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 41931114.</ref> iyakance ga wasu ƙananan yankuna, kuma ya ɓace bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ko karni.<ref>Failure to Stand for Democracy in Ethiopia Has Weakened Democracy Worldwide". The Institute for Peace and Diplomacy - l’Institut pour la paix et la diplomatie. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref> Wataƙila mulkin ciniki ne ko kuma mallaka na soja cikin Alliance tare da Wuta ta Habasha ko kuma wasu ƙasashen Preto-Axumite.<ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Gedamu Y (16 June 2020). "Abiy put Ethiopia on the road to democracy: but major obstacles still stand in the way". The Conversation. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Mulatu Wubneh (2017). "Ethnic Identity Politics and the Restructuring of Administrative Units in Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 11 (1 & 2): 105–138. JSTOR 26586251</ref> Daular Axum a ganiya a karni na 6 Bayan faɗuwar D'Mt a karni na 4 BC, filin duniya Filato ya zo da mulkin magazarta.<ref>Ethiopia Political Map and Regions | Mappr". www.mappr.co. 14 January 2019</ref><ref>Vértesy L, Lemango T (2022). "Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia". De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico. XIII (1–2): 62–75. ISSN 1789-0446 – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Land of Punt". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 29 January 2022.</ref> A cikin karni na 1 AD, mulkin Aksharum ya fito a cikin abin da yake yanzu yankin Tigray da Eritrea.<ref>The political history of the Ethiopian community, and their struggle for ownership of this small monastery, is retold in Chris Proutky, Empress Taytu and Menelik II (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 247–256</ref><ref>"Ethiopia – Agoa.info – African Growth and Opportunity Act". agoa.info. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</ref><ref>Although Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), believes that the Suez Canal brought strategic value to the Red Sea region (p. 73), Sven Rubenson, The Survival of Ethiopian Independence (Hollywood: Tsehai,1991) argues that only with the Mahdi War did the United Kingdom interest themselves once again in Ethiopia (pp. 283ff).</ref> A cewar littafin Axum, babban babban babban babban birnin farko, Itiyopis, ɗan Cush.<ref>Gregory W. "Obama Becomes First Sitting U.S. President To Visit Ethiopia". National Public Radio. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</ref><ref>Onyulo T (26 July 2015). "Obama visit highlights Ethiopia's role in fighting Islamist terrorists". USA Today.</ref><ref>"Decision on the Report of the Fifth Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee on Defence, Security and Safety Doc. EX.CL/698(XX)" (PDF). African Union. Retrieved 14 August 2024</ref> Daga baya ya mika akmarinum a baya a wasu lokata a wannan gefen Bahar Maliya.<ref>Walsh D (9 February 2020). "For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020.</ref><ref>An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam". Quartz. 27 June 2020.</ref><ref>Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 15 July 2020.</ref> A cikin Peran Annabi Mani da aka lissafa Axum tare da Rome, Farisa,<ref>Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref> da China a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan iko guda hudu na zamanin sa, a cikin karni na 3.<ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023.</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref> An kuma yi imani da cewa akwai wata alaka tsakanin majami'u na Masarawa.<ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>"Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020.</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</ref> Akwai tabbataccen shaida cewa Akshumite suna da alaƙa da Sarauniyar Sheba, ta hanyar rubutun sarauta.<ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk</ref><ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023</ref> Forawa 316 AD, FRUMEMIUS da ɗan'uwansa Edesius daga Taya tare da kawunsu a kan Habasha zuwa Habasha.<ref name=":2">Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /> Lokacin da tukunyar ta tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa mai launin tekun, da natifa suka kashe masu tafiyar matafiya sai dai 'yan'uwan biyu biyu, waɗanda aka kai a kotu a matsayin bayi.<ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Sanarwar amintattu ne suka bashe su, suka musulunta a kori shugaban sarki ya yi karatun Kiristanci.<ref>USA I (August 2013). Ethiopia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Lulu.com. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4387-6981-3</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Federal Police" (PDF). FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA. 29 June 2022.</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation. 31 May 2024</ref> Frumpentius ya zama bishop na farko na Akkum.<ref>World Economic Outlook" (PDF). IMF. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure"". Human Rights Watch. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2021.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: IMF Positive on Country's Growth Outlook". allAfrica. Retrieved 13 January 2013</ref> A tsabar kudin ya nuna 324 ya nuna cewa kasar Habasha ita ce kasa da ta biyu da ta dauki addinin Kiristanci (bayan da duk da cewa ana iya yin hakan a cikin da'irar kotu;<ref>conomic Overview". World Bank. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2016.</ref><ref>Ethiopia to launch four more industry parks within two years". Reuters. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>"With Continued Rapid Growth, Ethiopia is Poised to Become a Middle Income Country by 2025". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> Wannan shi ne babban iko na farko da yin hakan.<ref>Sze M (12 August 2019). "Ethiopia to Open Banks for Ethiopian Investors in the Diaspora". W7 News. Retrieved 14 August 2019.</ref><ref>Power generation begins at 1,870-MW Gibe III hydroelectric project in Ethiopia". www.hydroworld.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016</ref><ref>Business Corruption in Ethiopia". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014</ref> AKSUMITEITY sun kasance sumbata ga Greco-Roman da ke da mahimman dangantakar al'adu da kuma ular kasuwanci da empire da emeral, a cikin kwasfa da emerals, da kuma shigo da siliki.<ref>Eastwood V, Elbagir N (31 May 2012). "Ethiopia powers on with controversial dam project". CNN. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>Get the gangsters out of the food chain". The Economist. 7 June 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Wilkin P, Demissew S, Willis K, Woldeyes F, Davis AP, Molla EL, Janssens S, Kallow S, Berhanu A (2019). "Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple". Annals of Botany. 123 (5): 747–766. doi:10.1093/aob/mcy214. PMC 6526316. <nowiki>PMID 30715125</nowiki>.</ref> Aikin zinare a cikin 2015 shine tan 9 na awo.<ref name=":3">Tikuye E (21 January 2023). "Fixing Addis light rail may cost at least $60 million". The Reporter (Ethiopia). Retrieved 10 March 2024.</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":3" /> === Tsakanin Zamani === Babban labarin: Habasha a tsakiyar zamanai Masarautar ta karbi sunan "Ethiopia" a zamanin mulkin Ezana a karni na 4.<ref>Abir M (28 October 2013). Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. Routledge. pp. 22–70. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-136-28090-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Connel & Killion 2011, p. 160.</ref><ref>Mohammed AK (2013). The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-643-90332-7</nowiki>.</ref> Bayan cin nasarar daular Kush a shekara ta 330, yankin Aksumite ya kai kololuwarsa tsakanin karni na 5 da na 6.<ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Hassen M (2017). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300–1700. James Currey. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84701-161-9</nowiki>. OCLC 962017017.</ref> An katse wannan lokacin ta hanyar kutse da dama cikin yankin kariyar Larabawa ta Kudu,<ref>Pankhurst 1997, p. 301</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: The Trials of the Christian Kingdom and the Decline of Imperial Power ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_02"". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries"</ref> gami da Dhu Nuwas na Yahudawa na Masarautar Himyarite da yaƙe-yaƙe na Aksumite-Farisiya.<ref>Cohen L (2009). The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-05892-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Latin Letters of Jesuits -Wendy Laura Belcher". wendybelcher.com. Retrieved 4 February 2022</ref><ref>Parfitt R (17 January 2019). The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-316-51519-8</nowiki>.</ref> A shekara ta 575, Aksumiyawa sun kewaye birnin Sana'a suka sake mamaye birnin bayan kashe gwamnanta Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan.<ref>Berndl K (2005). National Geographic Visual History of the World. National Geographic Society. p. 333. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7922-3695-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Getamun, City of Gondar, p. 5</ref><ref>See Solomon Getamun, History of the City of Gondar (Africa World Press, 2005), pp.1–4</ref> An bar Bahar Maliya ga Khalifancin Rashidun a shekara ta 646,<ref>Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 297f</ref><ref>Gondar Period". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</ref><ref>Pankhurst, Richard (1967). The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 139–143.</ref> kuma musulmin Larabawa sun wawashe birnin Adulis mai tashar jiragen ruwa a karni na 8; tare da lalata ƙasa da ba za a iya jurewa ba, da'awar sauyin yanayi da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci daga 730 zuwa 760,<ref>Political Program of the Oromo People's Congress (OPC)". Gargaaraoromopc.org. 23 April 1996. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Middleton J (1 June 2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. pp. 39–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-45158-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Tibebu T (June 2018). "Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.279. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4</nowiki>.</ref> waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da mulkin ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci.<ref>Keller EJ (2005). "Making and Remaking State and Nation in Ethiopia". In Laremont RR (ed.). Borders, Nationalism, and the African State (PDF). Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 89–92. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-58826-340-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018.</ref><ref>The Egyptians in Abyssinia Archived 26 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Vislardica.com. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref> Aksum ya zo karshe a shekara ta 960 lokacin da Sarauniya Gudit ta yi nasara akan sarkin Aksum na karshe.<ref>Caulk R (1971). "The Occupation of Harar: January 1887". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 9 (2): 1–20. JSTOR 41967469.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref><ref>International Crisis Group, "Ethnic Federalism and its Discontents". Issue 153 of ''ICG Africa'' report (4 September 2009) p. 2; Italy lost over 4,600 nationals in this battle.</ref> A sakamakon haka, ragowar al'ummar Aksumiyya su koma yankin kudancin kasar, su kafa daular Zagwe, suka canza babban birninsu zuwa Lalibela.<ref>Negash, Tekeste. Eritrea and Ethiopia : The Federal Experience. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2005) <nowiki>ISBN 1-56000-992-6</nowiki> pp. 13–14</ref><ref>Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst". Time. 21 December 1987</ref><ref>Pankhurst R (1966). "The Great Ethiopian Famine of 1888–1892: A New Assessment". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 21 (2): 95–124.</ref> Mulkin Zagwe ya ƙare lokacin da wani babban mutum mai daraja na Amhara Yekuno Amlak ya yi tawaye ga Sarki Yetbarak kuma ya kafa daular Habasha (wanda aka sani da "Abyssinia").<ref>Broich T (2017). "U.S. and Soviet Foreign Aid during the Cold War – A Case Study of Ethiopia". The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2018.</ref><ref>Asnake Kefale, Tomasz Kamusella and Christopher Van der Beken. 2021. Eurasian Empires as Blueprints for Ethiopia: From Ethnolinguistic Nation-State to Multiethnic Federation. London: Routledge, pp. 23–34</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher (2005) "Ḫaylä Śəllase" in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1062–1063.</ref> Biete Medhane Alem, wanda aka gina a zamanin daular Zagwe a tsakiyar zamanai Daular Habasha ta fara fadada yankunan karkashin jagorancin Amda Seyon I.<ref>Tibebu T (1995). The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974. RedSeaPr. p. 145. <nowiki>ISBN 1569020019</nowiki>.</ref><ref>(1963) Haile Selassie, "Towards African Unity"". BlackPast.org. 7 August 2009</ref><ref>Will arms ban slow war?". BBC News. 18 May 2000. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>Clapham, "Ḫaylä Śəllase", Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, p. 1063.</ref> Ya kaddamar da yakin yaki da makiya musulmi na gabas, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi a cikin ma'auni wajen nuna goyon baya ga kiristoci tsawon shekaru biyu masu zuwa.<ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21</ref> Bayan nasarar yakin gabas da Amda Seyon ya yi, akasarin sarakunan musulmi a yankin kahon Afirka sun shiga karkashin mulkin daular Habasha.<ref>REMOVAL IS QUIET". The New York Times. Reuters. 13 September 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief". The New York Times. Reuters. 24 November 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref> An miƙe daga Gojjam zuwa gabar tekun Somaliya a cikin Zelia.<ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref> Daga cikin wadannan al'ummomin musulmi akwai masarautar Ifat. A zamanin sarki Zara Yaqob,<ref>Dagne HG (2006). The commitment of the German Democratic Republic in Ethiopia: a study based on Ethiopian sources. London: Global Lit. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-8258-9535-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>Oberdorfer D (March 1978). "The Superpowers and the Ogaden War". The Washington Post.</ref> daular Habasha ta kai kololuwarta.<ref>US admits helping Mengistu escape". BBC. 22 December 1999. Retrieved 13 December 2017</ref><ref>The Black Book of Communism, pp. 687–95</ref><ref>Ottaway DB (21 March 1979). "Addis Ababa Emerges From a Long, Bloody War". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref> Mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar mallakar yankuna daga sarakunan farko,<ref>Katz DR (21 September 1978). "Ethiopia After the Revolution: Vultures in the Land of Sheba". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref><ref>Stapleton TJ (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4408-3052-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections</ref> da kula da gina majami'u da gidajen ibada da yawa, haɓaka wallafe-wallafe da fasaha, da ƙarfafa ikon daular tsakiya.<ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections.</ref><ref>Crowell Anderson-Jaquest T (May 2002). "Restructuring the Soviet–Ethiopian Relationship: A Csse Study in Asymmetric Exchange" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science.</ref><ref>Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Mengistu Haile Mariam Interview (1990), 13 June 2020, retrieved 17 June 2021</ref> Magajin Ifat, Adal Sultanate,<ref>Tessema S (November 2017). "ADDIS ABABA". Anadolu Agency.</ref><ref>War 'devastated' Ethiopian economy". BBC News. 7 August 2001. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia and Eritrea declare end of war". BBC News. 9 July 2018.</ref> ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci Habasha a lokacin yaƙin Habasha-Adal, amma a ƙarshe an ci nasara a yakin Wayna Daga 1543.<ref>Why a photo of Mengistu has proved so controversial". BBC News. August 2018</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, pp. 121–23</ref><ref>Article 5" (PDF). Ethiopian Constitution. WIPO. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> A karni na 16, kwararowar 'yan kabilar Oromo zuwa sassan arewacin yankin ya wargaza karfin daular.<ref>Ahmed H, Goldstein J (24 September 2018). "Thousands Are Arrested in Ethiopia After Ethnic Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref>"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence". The Daily Star. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018</ref><ref>12 killed in latest attack in western Ethiopia". News24. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref> Da suka taso daga yankin Guji da Borena a yau, Oromos sun sami ƙwarin guiwa ne da ra'ayoyi da yawa na al'ada - tun daga Moggaasaa<ref>Fano Will Not Lay Down Arms If Demands Are Not Met: Chairman, retrieved 28 March 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopian parliament allows PM Abiy to stay in office beyond term". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 10 September 2020.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election". France 24. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020</ref> da Liqimssa - waɗanda yawancinsu ke da alaƙa da farmakin da suka kai. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa gada na Meslé.<ref>"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rockets hit outskirts of Eritrea capital". BBC News. 15 November 2020.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rights commission to investigate 'mass killings'". BBC News. 14 November 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Tigray leader confirms bombing Eritrean capital". Al-Jazeera. 15 November 2020</ref> A cewar Abba Bahrey, farkon fadada ya faru ne a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Dawit II (luba Melbah),<ref>Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers". The Globe and Mail. 15 March 2022.</ref><ref>Chothia F, Bekit T (19 October 2022). "Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022</ref><ref>Amhara conflict: Ethiopians massacred in their homes by government troops". 13 February 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> lokacin da suka mamaye Bale kafin su mamaye Adal Sultanate.<ref>Account (16 February 2024). "Statement on the Indiscriminate Massacre of the Residents of Merawi in Ethiopia". Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref><ref>CIA World Factbook – Rank Order – Area". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2008.</ref><ref>UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre</ref> Habasha ta ga babban huldar diflomasiyya da Portugal daga karni na 17, galibin alaka da addini. Tun daga 1555,<ref>Does It Snow In Ethiopia [Winter Travel]". 15 January 2023</ref><ref>While Egypt Struggles, Ethiopia Builds over the Blue Nile: Controversies and the Way Forward". Brookings.edu</ref><ref>Misiani HO, Finney DL, Segele ZT, Marsham JH, Tadege A, Artan G, Atheru Z (12 December 2020). "Circulation Patterns Associated with Current and Future Rainfall over Ethiopia and South Sudan from a Convection-Permitting Model". Atmosphere. 11 (12): 1352.</ref> Jesuits Portuguese sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka Roman Katolika a matsayin addinin jiha. Bayan gazawa da yawa, sun aika da masu mishan da yawa a cikin 1603,<ref>Ethiopia, Climate Change and Migration: A little more knowledge and a more nuanced perspective could greatly benefit thinking on policy – Ethiopia". ReliefWeb. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2020.</ref><ref>Dahir AL (5 March 2019). "Ethiopia is launching a global crowdfunding campaign to give its capital a green facelift". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Ethiopia PM hosts 'most expensive dinner'". 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref> ciki har da wanda ya fi tasiri, Mutanen Espanya Jesuit Pedro Paez.<ref>AfricaNews (14 May 2019). "Ethiopia PM raises over $25m for project to beautify Addis Ababa". Africanews. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Addisstandard (25 April 2019). "News: China's reprieve on interest-free loan only". Addis Standard. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Bicyclus, Site of Markku Savela</ref> A karkashin sarki Susenyos na I, Roman Katolika ya zama addinin daular Habasha a shekara ta 1622.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>United Nations Statistics Division, Millennium Development Goals indicators: Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), thousand tonnes of CO2 (collected by CDIAC) Human-produced, direct emissions of carbon dioxide only. Excludes other greenhouse gases; land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF); and natural background flows of CO2 (See also: Carbon cycle)</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Nations. Ethiopia Environment</ref> Wannan shawarar ta haifar da tashin hankali daga al'ummar Orthodox.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>Massicot, Paul (2005). Animal Info-Ethiopia.</ref><ref>Khoury CK, Achicanoy HA, Bjorkman AD, Navarro-Racines C, Guarino L, Flores-Palacios X, Engels JM, Wiersema JH, Dempewolf H (15 June 2016). "Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide". Proc. R. Soc. B. 283 (1832): 20160792. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0792. PMC 4920324.</ref><gallery> File:Ethopia Map-Konkani Vishwakosh.jpg|[[Fayil:Ethiopia 2012 (6904150641).jpg|thumb|ginin itofiya]]Taswiran Kasar Etofiya a zamanin da<ref>Lewis IM (27 August 1976). "The peoples and cultures of Ethiopia". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 194 (1114): 7–16. Bibcode:1976RSPSB.194....7L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1976.0061. ISSN 0080-4649. <nowiki>PMID 11482</nowiki>. S2CID 46723065.</ref> File:Chamber of Columns, Sof Omar Caves.jpg|Tsohon hoto a kasar ta Etofiya File:PR-CN-1972-185-Box-2-14 (35216667131).jpg|Sojan kasar Etofiya da shugaban kasa File:Gragne.jpg| Sassaken Gragne akan doki Fayil:Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:LocationEthiopia.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia relief location map.jpg|Map din itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia rainfall and seasons.png|Lokacin damuna a itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia flag black and white.jpg|Tutar itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|Itofiya File:Ethiopian Airlines A350 ET-ATQ.jpg| Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wassan alada a Itofiya Fayil:Sunrise at Ethiopia´s salt flats.jpg|Faduwar Rana itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wasanni a itofiya Fayil:A Step Forward, Ethiopia (13599989815).jpg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia - Lake Assale.jpg|Ruwan itofiya </gallery> == Habasha da Musulunci == Kasar habasha ita ce kasa ta farko da ta kare [[musulmin]] farko da su ka tsira daga arnan [[makka]],<ref>Liddell HG, Scott R. "Aithiops". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Schoff WH (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 62. Retrieved 28 September 2016.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref> da kyakkyawar dangantakar da take tsakanin musulmai da habasha a zamanin Annabi Muhammad (S. A. W)<ref>Ansari A (7 October 2009). "Oldest human skeleton offers new clues to evolution". CNN.com/technology. Retrieved 2 March 2011.</ref><ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Mother of man – 3.2 million years ago". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2009</ref> [[Manzon Allah|manzon Allah,]] amma ta soma wargajewa tsakanin habasha da kasashen musulinci a zamanin [[Umar dan khaddab]] yardar Allah ta Kara tabbata a ga reshi,<ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Institute of Human Origins: Lucy's Story". 15 June 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2017</ref><ref>Mcdougall I, Brown H, Fleagle G (February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–36. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. <nowiki>PMID 15716951</nowiki>. S2CID 1454595.</ref> a wannan lokacin habashawa suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a tashar jirgin ruwa ta [[jidda]] kasar [[saudiyya]] abin da yasa musulmai suka maida martani.<ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>Callaway E (7 June 2017). "Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22114. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</ref> A shekara ta 83 ta hijira musulmai suka kama wani birni a kusa da habasha dan su ringa lura da habashawa, a shekara ta 1510 bayan haihuwar Annabi '''Isah'''<ref>Hammond AS, Royer DF, Fleagle JG (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. Bibcode:2017JHumE.108..199H. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. <nowiki>PMID 28552208</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Zarins J (1990). "Early Pastoral Nomadism and the Settlement of Lower Mesopotamia". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 280 (280): 31–65. doi:10.2307/1357309. JSTOR 1357309. S2CID 163491760.</ref> sarauniyar habasha ta aika manzo na musamman zuwa ga aiman wail sarkin Burtugal dan saboda ya ci musulmai da yaki a taikun [[Indiya]] ta kuma nemi hadin kai daga wajan shi dan ya turamata da sojoji ta yaki [[makka]] sai ya yadda da maganarta ya turumata sojojin masu dumbin yawa ko da haka musulmai sun ci su da yaki sun kashe musu babban hafsan sojojin su,<ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Güldemann T (2018). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 311. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9</ref><ref>Campbell L (2021). Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-262-54218-0</nowiki>.</ref> amma duk da haka musulmai basusamu dama sun shiga habasha ba.<ref>Campbell L (2021). ''Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition''. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. ISBN <bdi>978-0-262-54218-0</bdi>.</ref><ref>Zimmer C (8 August 2019). "In the Ethiopian Mountains, Ancient Humans Were Living the High Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref><ref>Katz B. "Archaeologists Uncover Evidence of an Ancient High-Altitude Human Dwelling". Smithsonian. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> == Addinai == * 40% kirista<ref>Smith KN (9 August 2019). "The first people to live at high elevations snacked on giant mole rats". Ars Technica. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 45% musulunci<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019</ref> * 10% brutustan<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 5% yahudawa da wa yanda basuda addini<ref>Miehe G, Opgenoorth L, Zech W, Woldu Z, Vogelsang R, Veit H, Nemomissa S, Negash A, Nauss T (9 August 2019). "Middle Stone Age foragers resided in high elevations of the glaciated Bale Mountains, Ethiopia". Science. 365 (6453): 583–587. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..583O. doi:10.1126/science.aaw8942. ISSN 0036-8075. <nowiki>PMID 31395781</nowiki>. S2CID 199505803.</ref> '''kasashen da suke makotaka da jihohin Itofiya''' == Iyaka == Itofiya tana daya daga cikin kasashe da suke gabashin afirika tana makotaka da kasashe biyar sune :- * daga nahiyar arewaci [[Eritrea]]<ref>Sahle Y, Hutchings WK, Braun DR, Sealy JC, Morgan LE, Negash A, Atnafu B (2013). Petraglia MD (ed.). "Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78092. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878092S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092. PMC 3827237. <nowiki>PMID 24236011</nowiki>.</ref> * daga yammaci [[Sudan]] <ref>Sahle Y, Brooks AS (2018). "Assessment of complex projectiles in the early Late Pleistocene at Aduma, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216716. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416716S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216716. PMC 6508696. <nowiki>PMID 31071181</nowiki>.</ref> * daga kudanci [[Kenya]]<ref>Munro-Hay, p. 57</ref> * daga gabashin [[Somaliya]]<ref>Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.) (2005) Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, "Ge'ez". Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 732</ref> * daga arewa maso gabashin [[Jibuti]] == Jihohin kasar == [[File:Ethiopia regions numbered.png|300px|thumb|right|Bizunga ya Itofiya.]] kuma tanada jihohi goma sha daya ko wace jiha da sunan kabila mafi yawa sone:- * 1 [[Addis Ababa]] <ref>Munro-Hay, p. 13</ref> * 2 [[Afar]] <ref>Solomonic Descent in Ethiopian History". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</ref> * 3 [[Amhara]] <ref>Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2007). The history of Ethiopia. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 171. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0</nowiki>.</ref> * 4 [[Benishangul-Gumuz]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). BritishMuseum.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 5 [[Dire Dawa]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). ''BritishMuseum.org''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 6 [[Gambela]] <ref>Gold production". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2024.</ref> * 7 [[Harari]] <ref>Karl W. Butzer, "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation", American Antiquity 46, (July 1981), p. 495</ref> * 8 [[Oromia]] <ref>Kingdom of Abyssinia". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref> * 9 [[Somali]] <ref>A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe". 9 January 2022</ref> * 10 Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region<ref>Ethiopia The Zagwe Dynasty – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". photius.com. Retrieved 16 December 2021.</ref> * 11 [[Tigray]]<ref>Pankhurst R (1982). History of Ethiopian Towns. Steiner. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-515-03204-9</nowiki>.</ref> game da haka sunada bine biyu na masamman yaren [[amhari]] sune [[Adis ababa]] da [[dira dawa]]<ref>UNESCO General History of Africa. University of California Press. 3 November 1992. p. 283. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-06698-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Gondar Fasiladas Bath Timket.jpg|Jama'a sun taru a wurin wankan Fasiladas a Gondar, Habasha, don bikin Timket - Epiphany na Cocin Orthodox na Habasha. File:Dallol-2001.jpg|Dutse mai aman wuta, mai suna Dallo File:FasilidasPalaceGonder.jpg|Fadar Fasilidas, Gonder File:The Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, calling on the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh in New Delhi on November 06, 2007.jpg| prime ministan Etofiya Mr Zeles Zewani a India tare da Dr Manmohan Singh a Delhi File:Manmohan Singh with the Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. Stephen Harper, the President of South Africa, Mr. Jacob Zuma and the Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, at the plenary session of G-20 Summit, in Cannes.jpg| Su biyu da wasu shuwagabannin kasa </gallery>{{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiopia}} [[Category:kasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasar Itofiya]] rluzqnof8c6b2lp7m1ew30wgizjrdce 888116 888115 2026-07-27T15:40:24Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|thumb|Yankin itofiya a duniya]] '''Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Itofiya:''' da turanci '''''[[Ethiopian Airlines|Ethiopia]],'''''da harshen amhare ( ኢትዮጵያ )<ref>Emi I (4 March 2020). "Ethiopia to Add 4 more Official Languages to Foster Unity". Ventures Africa. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref><ref>Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts". Nazret. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Shaban A. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</ref> ada an santa da suna [[habasha]], kasa ce dake a kudancin [[Afirka]].<ref>Ethiopian Constitution". www.africa.upenn.edu</ref><ref>Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Population Census Commission. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2020.</ref><ref>"Country Level". 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. CSA. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2013</ref> Ta kasancee'yantacciyar kasa ce wadda turawan mulkin mallaka basu mulke ta ba har zuwa shekara ta (1936)<ref>Zenawism as ethnic-federalism" (PDF)</ref><ref>"Is Ethiopia Democratic? A Bureaucratic Authoritarian Regime". Journal of Democracy. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref><ref>Ethiopia- The World Factbook". www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 19 July 2021.</ref> sai sojojin [[Italiya]] suka fada cikin kasar amma 'yan kasar suka yi taron-dangi da sojojin [[Birtaniya]] suka kori sojojin [[Italiya]] a shekara ta, (1941)<ref>Population Size by Sex, Area and Density by Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2024" (PDF). ess.gov.et. Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS). Retrieved 3 June 2025.</ref><ref>"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Ethiopia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref> amma batasamu 'yancin kanta ba sai da kasar [[ingila]] tasa mata hannu a shekara ta [[1944|(1944]].)<ref>"Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021</ref><ref>Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. 8 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</ref><ref>UNESCO - Ethiopian epiphany". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Haplic Fluvisol in Sinkata Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Yara kewa sa]] A cikin ƙarni na bakwai kafin haifuwar [[Annabi Isah]] habashawa sun musu masarauta Aksum a gefan,<ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2022. (Archived 2022 edition.)</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 5 April 2021.</ref><ref>Kessler DF (2012). The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-283-70872-2</nowiki>. OCLC 819506475.</ref> kogin [[maliya]] babban birnita Aksum a yanzu ansanta da Eritrea kuma a shekara ta (500)<ref>Hopkin M (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-10. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref><ref>Li J, Absher D, Tang H, Southwick A, Casto A, Ramachandran S, Cann H, Barsh G, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza L, Myers R (2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science. 319 (5866): 1100–04. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. <nowiki>PMID 18292342</nowiki>. S2CID 53541133.</ref><ref>Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says". Bloomberg News. 21 February 2008. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> kafin haifuwar annabi Isah manoma da 'yan kasuwanci da suka zo daga kasashen [[larabawa]] suka hadu suka yi musu yare daya kuma suka dai-dai ta rubutun su,<ref>Kaplan K (21 February 2008). "Around the world from Addis Ababa". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Abbink J (1998). "An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 11 (2): 109–124. doi:10.1080/13696819808717830. hdl:1887/9486. ISSN 1369-6815. JSTOR 1771876.</ref><ref>Moore DH (1936). "Christianity in Ethiopia". Church History. 5 (3): 271–284. doi:10.2307/3160789. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3160789. S2CID 162029676.</ref> a tsakiyar ƙarni na hudu se sarki Izana ya shiga tare da 'yan cerci ta [[Misra]],<ref>Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia" (PDF). 12 April 2022</ref><ref>BBC Staff (3 November 2020). "Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state". BBC. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</ref><ref>"Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS". Daily News Egypt. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref> a karni na bakwai bayan haifuwar '''annabi isah''' kogin [[maliya]] yazama a hannun musulmai,<ref>Africa S (29 August 2020). "Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower". SomTribune. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref>5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch". World Economic Forum. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref name=":0">Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 23 December 2021</ref><ref name=":0" /> sai Aksum ta rasa kasuwancin ta da alakar ta da taikun [[Indiya]],<ref>"GAL country profile - Ethiopia" (PDF). www.uil.unesco.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025</ref><ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref> a karni na goma sai masarautar Aksum ta ruguje tazama tare da wane cerci na '''Ethiopia''' a shekara ta 800 bayan haifuwar '''annabi Isah''' manoma suka kama biya inshura ga gwamnati kuma suna gina curci curcin da suka fadi har yanzu da kuma sauran su,<ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref><ref>Africa Geoscience Review, Volume 10. Rock View International. 2003. p. 366. Retrieved 9 August 2014.</ref><ref>Bekerie A (2004). "Ethiopica: Some Historical Reflections on the Origin of the Word Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 1 (2): 110–121. ISSN 1543-4133. JSTOR 27828841.</ref> a da Ethiopia ma'anarta konannar fuska ko bakar fuska.<ref>Homer, Odyssey 1.22–4.</ref><ref>Hatke G (2013). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. pp. 52–53. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8147-6066-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Cp. Ezekiel 29:10</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Habasha ta yi rajista mafi saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Meles Zenawi.<ref>"Ethio Telecom forecasts 19% rise in revenue in 2023/24". Reuters. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024</ref><ref>'''^''' ''The Economist'' 22 May 2010, page 49</ref><ref>Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow". BBC. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</ref> A cewar IMF, Habasha na daya daga cikin kasashe masu saurin bunkasar tattalin arziki a duniya, inda ta yi rijista sama da kashi 10 cikin 100 na bunkasuwar tattalin arziki daga 2004 zuwa 2009.<ref name=":4">Stylianou N. "Coffee under threat". BBC News</ref><ref>Cook R (2 September 2015). "World Cattle Inventory: Ranking of countries (FAO) | Cattle Network". www.cattlenetwork.com. Farm Journal. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ita ce tattalin arzikin Afirka mafi saurin bunƙasa ba tare da dogaro da mai ba a cikin shekarun 2007 da 2008.<ref>Ethiopia's flower trade in full bloom". Mail & Guardian. 19 February 2006. Archived from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007. Floriculture has become a flourishing business in Ethiopia in the past five years, with the industry's exports earnings set to grow to $100-million by 2007, a five-fold increase on the $20-million earned in 2005. Ethiopian flower exports could generate an estimated $300-million within two to three years, according to the head of the government export-promotion department, Melaku Legesse.</ref><ref>Averill V (31 May 2007). "Ethiopia's designs on leather trade". BBC. Retrieved 21 June 2007. The label inside the luxuriously soft black leather handbag reads Taytu: Made In Ethiopia. But the embroidered print on the outside, the chunky bronze rings attached to the fashionably short straps and the oversized "it" bag status all scream designer chic.</ref><ref>Pavanello, Sara 2010. Working across borders – Harnessing the potential of cross-border activities to improve livelihood security in the Horn of Africa drylands Archived 12 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. London: Overseas Development Institute</ref> A cikin shekarar 2015, Bankin Duniya ya nuna cewa Habasha ta sami saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin tare da haɓakar ainihin kayan cikin gida (GDP) a matsakaicin 10.9% tsakanin 2004 da 2014.<ref>"Largest hydro electric power plant goes smoothly". English.people.com.cn. 12 April 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2010.</ref><ref>Hydroelectric Power Plant built". Addistribune.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>"The "white oil" of Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.. ethiopianreporter.com</ref> A cikin Shekara ta 2008 da 2011, ayyukan ci gaban Habasha da ci gaban da aka samu sun fuskanci ƙalubale sakamakon hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da mawuyacin halin ma'auni na biyan kuɗi.<ref>Project Summary". AKH Project owners. January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopia–Djibouti electric railway line opens". railwaygazette.com. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</ref><ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref> Haɓakar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya haura zuwa kashi 40 cikin 100 a watan Agustan 2011 saboda rashin daidaiton manufofin kuɗi, ƙarin ƙarin albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati a farkon 2011, da tsadar abinci.<ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref><ref>"Zeresenay Alemseged – National Geographic Society". www.nationalgeographic.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref> Duk da saurin bunƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, GDP na kowane mutum yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya, kuma tattalin arzikin yana fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa na tsarin. Dangane da bayanan baya-bayan nan daga shekarar 2019,<ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref><ref>Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref><ref>"Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref> kashi 68.7% na yawan jama'a suna fama da talauci da yawa da kuma ƙarin 18.4% masu rauni zuwa gare shi.<ref>Ethiopian Traditional Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs". EthnoMed. Retrieved 31 January 2022.</ref><ref>Explore All Countries – Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2021. landlocked – entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref> Tare da sanya hannun jari mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan jama'a da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, Habasha tana ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin tsarinta ta zama cibiyar samar da haske a Afirka.<ref>Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005.</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref><ref name=":5">Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":5" /> A cikin 2019 an zartar da wata doka da ta ba wa 'yan Habasha 'yan gudun hijira damar saka hannun jari a masana'antar hidimar hada-hadar kudi ta Habasha.<ref>World Refugee Survey 2008". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.</ref><ref>Racin, L. (4 March 2008) "Future Shock: How Environmental Change and Human Impact Are Changing the Global Map". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.</ref><ref>Ofcansky, T and Berry, L. "Ethiopia: A Country Study". Edited by Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Countrystudies.us</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Habasha ya fayyace cewa ‘yancin mallakar filaye na “jahar da jama’a ne kawai”, amma ‘yan kasar na iya yin hayar filaye har na tsawon shekaru 99,<ref>Shivley, K. "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</ref><ref>Belete A (1991). "Development of agriculture in Ethiopia since the 1975 land reform" (PDF). Agricultural Economics. 6 (2): 159–75. doi:10.1016/0169-5150(91)90022-D (inactive 19 January 2025).</ref><ref>Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017". Government of Ethiopia. Retrieved 20 April 2016.</ref> amma ba za su iya yin jinginar gida ko sayarwa ba. Ana ba da izinin yin hayar filaye na tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma ana tsammanin wannan zai tabbatar da cewa ƙasar ta tafi ga mafi yawan masu amfani. Ana daukar rabon filaye da gudanar da mulki a matsayin wani yanki da aka kafa cin hanci da rashawa,<ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Poverty in Ethiopia Down 33 Percent Since 2000". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> kuma sau da yawa ana neman biyan sauƙaƙawa da kuma cin hanci lokacin da ake fuskantar al’amuran da suka shafi ƙasa.<ref>Condominium housing in Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 4 January 2017</ref><ref>Glottolog 4.8 - Languages of Ethiopia". glottolog.org. Retrieved 30 August 2023.</ref><ref>Languages of Ethiopia". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</ref> Da yake babu mallakar filaye, ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa galibi ana yin su ne kawai ba tare da tambayar masu amfani da filaye ba,<ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>FDRE. "Federal Negarit Gazeta Establishment Proclamation" (PDF). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2021.</ref><ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref> wanda daga nan sai a koma gudun hijira ba tare da gida ko fili ba. Yawan fushi da rashin yarda wani lokaci yakan haifar da zanga-zangar jama'a.<ref name=":6">Fattovich, Rodolfo (2003) "Akkälä Guzay" in von Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Weissbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, p.169.</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>Mpoche, Kizitus, Mbuh, Tennu, eds. (2006). Language, literature, and identity. Cuvillier. pp. 163–64. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-86537-839-2</nowiki>.</ref> Bugu da kari, amfanin noma ya ragu sosai, kuma har yanzu ana fama da fari da yawa a kasar, wanda hakan ke haddasa rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin gida.<ref>"Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 10 November 2006</ref><ref>Abegaz B (1 June 2005). "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" (PDF). Retrieved 27 July 2017.</ref><ref>Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013</ref> == Makamashi da wutar lantarki == Habasha na da manyan koguna 14 da ke kwarara daga tsaunukanta, ciki har da kogin Nilu. Tana da mafi girman wuraren ajiyar ruwa a Afirka.<ref>Davis LD (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. p. 342. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8146-5616-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The History of Ethiopian Jews". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Thomas P Ofcansky LB (2004). Ethiopia: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 130–41. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4191-1857-9</nowiki>.</ref> Ya zuwa 2012, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki suna wakiltar kusan kashi 88.2% na jimillar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>(Kater, 2000)</ref><ref>(Dorman et al., 2009, p. 622).</ref><ref name=":7">Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":7" /> Babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha da aka gina tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2023, wanda zai zama madatsar ruwa mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref>"WaterAid UK – Where we work – Ethiopia"</ref><ref>Ethiopia – Health and Welfare". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> An samar da ragowar wutar lantarki daga burbushin mai (8.3%) da hanyoyin sabunta (3.6%). Adadin wutar lantarki na jimillar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2016 ya kai kashi 42%, tare da kashi 85% a cikin birane da kuma kashi 26% a yankunan karkara. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016,<ref>Global distribution of health workers in WHO Member States" (PDF). The World Health Report 2006. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Ethiopia". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 9 September 2015.</ref><ref>Hanlon C, Eshetu T, Alemayehu D, Fekadu A, Semrau M, Thornicroft G, Kigozi F, Marais DL, Petersen I, Alem A (8 June 2017). "Health system governance to support scale up of mental health care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study". International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 11: 38. doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0144-4. PMC 5465569. <nowiki>PMID 28603550</nowiki>.</ref> jimlar samar da wutar lantarki ya kai TW⋅h 11.15 kuma ana amfani da shi ya kai 9.062 TW⋅h. An fitar da wutar lantarki 0.166 TW⋅h, da 0 kW⋅h da aka shigo da su, da kuma 2.784 GW na karfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>Teferra D, Altbach PG (2003). African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook. Indiana University Press. pp. 316–25. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-253-34186-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref><ref>Education in Ethiopia". WENR. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2022.</ref> Habasha tana isar da kusan kashi 81% na yawan ruwa zuwa kogin Nilu ta cikin kogin Blue Nile, kogin Sobat da Atbara.<ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref><ref>"Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref> A shekara ta 1959, Masar da Sudan sun rattaba hannu kan wata yerjejeniya ta kasashen biyu, yarjejeniyar ruwan Nilu ta shekarar 1959,<ref>Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref name=":8">The 20th century has resulted in Ethiopia connecting towards the world with students of art learning the styles of western art, most notably Afewerk Tekle a laureate and others during the end of Menelik's reign and other monarchs right after</ref><ref name=":8" /> wadda ta bai wa kasashen biyu ‘yancin kan ruwa na ruwan Nilu.<ref>Ethiopia has produced many reputable contemporary painters and muralists, most notable among whom is Laureate Afewerk Tekle</ref><ref>Lalibela was mainly built as a 'new Jerusalem' for Ethiopian pilgrims set to go to Jerusalem nonetheless barred from by Muslim conquests [1] [2] [3]</ref><ref>"The Use of DMT in Early Masonic Ritual". Reality Sandwich. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref> Tun daga lokacin, Masar ta hana kusan dukkan ayyukan da ake yi a Habasha da ke neman amfani da magudanan ruwan Nilu na cikin gida.<ref>"Architecture of Aksun and Lalibela". kolibri.teacherinabox.org.au. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</ref><ref>Marilyn Eiseman Heldman, Frē Ṣeyon (1994). The Marian Icons of the Painter Frē Ṣeyon: A Study of Fifteenth-century Ethiopian Art, Patronage, and Spirituality. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 75. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-03540-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Nosnitsin D (2012). "Ethiopian Manuscripts and Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. A brief Overview and Evaluation". Gazette du livre médiéval. 58 (1): 1–16. doi:10.3406/galim.2012.1993.</ref> Wannan ya yi tasiri wajen hana tallafin samar da wutar lantarki daga waje da ayyukan ban ruwa a yammacin Habasha,<ref name=":9">Smidt WG (2015). "Gorgoryos and Ludolf: The Ethiopian and German Fore-Fathers of Ethiopian Studies: An Ethiopian scholar's 1652 visit to Thuringia" (PDF). ITYOP̣IS: Northeast African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":9" /><ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195</ref> wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan raya tattalin arziki na tushen albarkatun ruwa. Sai dai kasar Habasha na shirin gina wani katafaren madatsar ruwa mai karfin megawatt 6,450 a kogin Blue Nile.<ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195.</ref><ref>Getachew F (2 March 2015). "Ethiopia: Haddis Alemayehu - the Unique Personality in Ethiopian Literature". The Ethiopian Herald.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "20 Of The Best Poets And Poems of Ethiopia (Qene included) — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 18 December 2021.</ref> An kammala shi a shekara ta 2023, wannan babbar madatsar ruwa ta Habasha za ta kasance tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Tekle A (1994). Eritrea and Ethiopia: from conflict to cooperation. The Red Sea Press. p. 197. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-932415-97-4</nowiki>. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan have significant similarities emanating not only from culture, religion, traditions, history and aspirations ... They appreciate similar foods and spices, beverages and sweets, fabrics and tapestry, lyrics and music, and jewellery and fragrances.</ref><ref>Abdullahi MD (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2</nowiki>. Somali music, a unique kind of music that might be mistaken at first for music from nearby countries such as Ethiopia, the Sudan, or even Arabia, can be recognized by its own tunes and styles.</ref><ref>About St. Yared – St. Yared Ethiopian Cuisine & Coffeehaus – Indianapolis IN". www.styaredcuisine.com. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</ref> Aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Gibe III ya zuwa yanzu shi ne mafi girma a kasar tare da samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 1,870. A cikin shekara ta 2017-18 (2010 E.C)<ref>Page WF (2001). Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2. Facts on File. p. 230. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8160-4472-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "Music in Ethiopia — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Page WF (2001). ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2''. Facts on File. p. 230. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8160-4472-6</bdi>.</ref> wannan madatsar ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta samar da 4,900 GW⋅h.[245] === Tsufa === === Manyan labaran: D'mt da Mulkin Aksum === === Kudin Akshaye === A cikin 980 BC, an kafa D'Mt a cikin Are Eritrea da kuma arewacin Ethiopia a yankin Tigray,<ref>Mongabay.com Ethiopia statistics. (n.d). Retrieved 18 November 2006, from Rainforests.mongabay.com</ref><ref>Grantham HS, Duncan A, Evans TD, Jones KR, Beyer HL, Schuster R, Walston J, Ray JC, Robinson JG, Callow M, Clements T, Costa HM, DeGemmis A, Elsen PR, Ervin J, Franco P, Goldman E, Goetz S, Hansen A, Hofsvang E, Jantz P, Jupiter S, Kang A, Langhammer P, Laurance WF, Lieberman S, Linkie M, Malhi Y, Maxwell S, Mendez M, Mittermeier R, Murray NJ, Possingham H, Radachowsky J, Saatchi S, Samper C, Silverman J, Shapiro A, Strassburg B, Stevens T, Stokes E, Taylor R, Tear T, Tizard R, Venter O, Visconti P, Wang S, Watson JE (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. <nowiki>PMID 33293507</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Environmental Profile". Mongabay. 4 February 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</ref> kuma an yi imani da cewa yanayin da zai gaje ya zama magaji ya zama magajinsa.<ref>Parry, J (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved 22 November 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).</ref><ref>See Federal High Court Establishment Proclamation No.322/2003. Federal High Courts have been placed in the following states: Afar, Benshngul/Gumuz, Gambela, Somali, and SNNPR.</ref><ref>Iyyer C (2009). Land Management: Challenges & Strategies. Global India Publications. p. 16. <nowiki>ISBN 978-93-80228-48-8</nowiki>.</ref> Wannan babban birnin kasar da aka samu a Yeha a cikin menene yanzu yanzu Habasha.<ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, as amended by Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 138/1998, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 254/2001, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 321/2003, and Federal Courts Proclamation (Reamendment) Proclamation 454/2005 (Federal Courts Proclamation), Article 24(3).</ref><ref>Constitution of Ethiopia – 8 December 1994". Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.</ref><ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, Article 3.</ref> Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi la'akari da wannan wayewar dan adam dan kasar Habasha na asalin kasar, kodayake a farkon lokacin da suka ba da gudummawa saboda yawan tasirin Bahar Maliya.<ref>Ethiopia – Country Governance Profile EN.pdf. OSGE and OREB. March 2009. p. 14.</ref><ref>Ethiopia | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2015". freedomhouse.org. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, p. 142</ref> Sauran malamai sun dauki matsayin wata kungiyar al'adun afroasicic da rassan da ke magana da kayayyaki da kuma semitic; Wato,<ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles has died: state television". Reuters. 21 August 2012.</ref><ref>Map of Freedom 2007". Freedom House. 2007. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2007.</ref><ref>Lough R (22 August 2012). "Ethiopia acting PM to remain at helm until 2015". Reuters.</ref> jama'ar lard na gida da Sabaenans daga Kudancin Arabia. Duk da haka, Geez,<ref>Malone B (27 May 2015). "Profile: Ethiopia's 'placeholder' PM quietly holds on". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 July 2015.</ref><ref>Maasho A (8 August 2016). "At least 33 protesters killed in Ethiopia's Oromiya region: opposition". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":1">"Ethiopia declares state of emergency". BBC News. 16 February 2018.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> tsohon Semit Harshen Habasha na Habasha na Habasha, ana tunanin ya haɓaka da kansa daga yaren Sabaenan.<ref>"Six million children threatened by Ethiopia drought: UN". Terradaily.com. Retrieved 16 March 200</ref> A farkon rabin 2000 BC, sauran masu magana da Semitic suna zaune a Habasha da Eritrea inda Gealz ya kirkira. <ref>AfricaNews. "Ethiopia declares 6 months state of emergency over Oromia protests | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 7 November 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister wins the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize". CNN News. 16 October 2019</ref><ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref> Yanzu haka Sabaea ya kasance yana tunanin ya kasance ƙarami,<ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). p.17. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Country Profile". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ottaway M (1995). "The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New Authoritarianism?". Northeast African Studies. 2 (3): 67–84. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0028. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 41931114.</ref> iyakance ga wasu ƙananan yankuna, kuma ya ɓace bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ko karni.<ref>Failure to Stand for Democracy in Ethiopia Has Weakened Democracy Worldwide". The Institute for Peace and Diplomacy - l’Institut pour la paix et la diplomatie. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref> Wataƙila mulkin ciniki ne ko kuma mallaka na soja cikin Alliance tare da Wuta ta Habasha ko kuma wasu ƙasashen Preto-Axumite.<ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Gedamu Y (16 June 2020). "Abiy put Ethiopia on the road to democracy: but major obstacles still stand in the way". The Conversation. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Mulatu Wubneh (2017). "Ethnic Identity Politics and the Restructuring of Administrative Units in Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 11 (1 & 2): 105–138. JSTOR 26586251</ref> Daular Axum a ganiya a karni na 6 Bayan faɗuwar D'Mt a karni na 4 BC, filin duniya Filato ya zo da mulkin magazarta.<ref>Ethiopia Political Map and Regions | Mappr". www.mappr.co. 14 January 2019</ref><ref>Vértesy L, Lemango T (2022). "Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia". De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico. XIII (1–2): 62–75. ISSN 1789-0446 – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Land of Punt". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 29 January 2022.</ref> A cikin karni na 1 AD, mulkin Aksharum ya fito a cikin abin da yake yanzu yankin Tigray da Eritrea.<ref>The political history of the Ethiopian community, and their struggle for ownership of this small monastery, is retold in Chris Proutky, Empress Taytu and Menelik II (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 247–256</ref><ref>"Ethiopia – Agoa.info – African Growth and Opportunity Act". agoa.info. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</ref><ref>Although Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), believes that the Suez Canal brought strategic value to the Red Sea region (p. 73), Sven Rubenson, The Survival of Ethiopian Independence (Hollywood: Tsehai,1991) argues that only with the Mahdi War did the United Kingdom interest themselves once again in Ethiopia (pp. 283ff).</ref> A cewar littafin Axum, babban babban babban babban birnin farko, Itiyopis, ɗan Cush.<ref>Gregory W. "Obama Becomes First Sitting U.S. President To Visit Ethiopia". National Public Radio. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</ref><ref>Onyulo T (26 July 2015). "Obama visit highlights Ethiopia's role in fighting Islamist terrorists". USA Today.</ref><ref>"Decision on the Report of the Fifth Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee on Defence, Security and Safety Doc. EX.CL/698(XX)" (PDF). African Union. Retrieved 14 August 2024</ref> Daga baya ya mika akmarinum a baya a wasu lokata a wannan gefen Bahar Maliya.<ref>Walsh D (9 February 2020). "For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020.</ref><ref>An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam". Quartz. 27 June 2020.</ref><ref>Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 15 July 2020.</ref> A cikin Peran Annabi Mani da aka lissafa Axum tare da Rome, Farisa,<ref>Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref> da China a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan iko guda hudu na zamanin sa, a cikin karni na 3.<ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023.</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref> An kuma yi imani da cewa akwai wata alaka tsakanin majami'u na Masarawa.<ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>"Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020.</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</ref> Akwai tabbataccen shaida cewa Akshumite suna da alaƙa da Sarauniyar Sheba, ta hanyar rubutun sarauta.<ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk</ref><ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023</ref> Forawa 316 AD, FRUMEMIUS da ɗan'uwansa Edesius daga Taya tare da kawunsu a kan Habasha zuwa Habasha.<ref name=":2">Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /> Lokacin da tukunyar ta tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa mai launin tekun, da natifa suka kashe masu tafiyar matafiya sai dai 'yan'uwan biyu biyu, waɗanda aka kai a kotu a matsayin bayi.<ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Sanarwar amintattu ne suka bashe su, suka musulunta a kori shugaban sarki ya yi karatun Kiristanci.<ref>USA I (August 2013). Ethiopia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Lulu.com. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4387-6981-3</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Federal Police" (PDF). FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA. 29 June 2022.</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation. 31 May 2024</ref> Frumpentius ya zama bishop na farko na Akkum.<ref>World Economic Outlook" (PDF). IMF. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure"". Human Rights Watch. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2021.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: IMF Positive on Country's Growth Outlook". allAfrica. Retrieved 13 January 2013</ref> A tsabar kudin ya nuna 324 ya nuna cewa kasar Habasha ita ce kasa da ta biyu da ta dauki addinin Kiristanci (bayan da duk da cewa ana iya yin hakan a cikin da'irar kotu;<ref>conomic Overview". World Bank. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2016.</ref><ref>Ethiopia to launch four more industry parks within two years". Reuters. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>"With Continued Rapid Growth, Ethiopia is Poised to Become a Middle Income Country by 2025". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> Wannan shi ne babban iko na farko da yin hakan.<ref>Sze M (12 August 2019). "Ethiopia to Open Banks for Ethiopian Investors in the Diaspora". W7 News. Retrieved 14 August 2019.</ref><ref>Power generation begins at 1,870-MW Gibe III hydroelectric project in Ethiopia". www.hydroworld.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016</ref><ref>Business Corruption in Ethiopia". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014</ref> AKSUMITEITY sun kasance sumbata ga Greco-Roman da ke da mahimman dangantakar al'adu da kuma ular kasuwanci da empire da emeral, a cikin kwasfa da emerals, da kuma shigo da siliki.<ref>Eastwood V, Elbagir N (31 May 2012). "Ethiopia powers on with controversial dam project". CNN. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>Get the gangsters out of the food chain". The Economist. 7 June 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Wilkin P, Demissew S, Willis K, Woldeyes F, Davis AP, Molla EL, Janssens S, Kallow S, Berhanu A (2019). "Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple". Annals of Botany. 123 (5): 747–766. doi:10.1093/aob/mcy214. PMC 6526316. <nowiki>PMID 30715125</nowiki>.</ref> Aikin zinare a cikin 2015 shine tan 9 na awo.<ref name=":3">Tikuye E (21 January 2023). "Fixing Addis light rail may cost at least $60 million". The Reporter (Ethiopia). Retrieved 10 March 2024.</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":3" /> === Tsakanin Zamani === Babban labarin: Habasha a tsakiyar zamanai Masarautar ta karbi sunan "Ethiopia" a zamanin mulkin Ezana a karni na 4.<ref>Abir M (28 October 2013). Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. Routledge. pp. 22–70. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-136-28090-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Connel & Killion 2011, p. 160.</ref><ref>Mohammed AK (2013). The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-643-90332-7</nowiki>.</ref> Bayan cin nasarar daular Kush a shekara ta 330, yankin Aksumite ya kai kololuwarsa tsakanin karni na 5 da na 6.<ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Hassen M (2017). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300–1700. James Currey. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84701-161-9</nowiki>. OCLC 962017017.</ref> An katse wannan lokacin ta hanyar kutse da dama cikin yankin kariyar Larabawa ta Kudu,<ref>Pankhurst 1997, p. 301</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: The Trials of the Christian Kingdom and the Decline of Imperial Power ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_02"". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries"</ref> gami da Dhu Nuwas na Yahudawa na Masarautar Himyarite da yaƙe-yaƙe na Aksumite-Farisiya.<ref>Cohen L (2009). The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-05892-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Latin Letters of Jesuits -Wendy Laura Belcher". wendybelcher.com. Retrieved 4 February 2022</ref><ref>Parfitt R (17 January 2019). The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-316-51519-8</nowiki>.</ref> A shekara ta 575, Aksumiyawa sun kewaye birnin Sana'a suka sake mamaye birnin bayan kashe gwamnanta Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan.<ref>Berndl K (2005). National Geographic Visual History of the World. National Geographic Society. p. 333. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7922-3695-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Getamun, City of Gondar, p. 5</ref><ref>See Solomon Getamun, History of the City of Gondar (Africa World Press, 2005), pp.1–4</ref> An bar Bahar Maliya ga Khalifancin Rashidun a shekara ta 646,<ref>Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 297f</ref><ref>Gondar Period". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</ref><ref>Pankhurst, Richard (1967). The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 139–143.</ref> kuma musulmin Larabawa sun wawashe birnin Adulis mai tashar jiragen ruwa a karni na 8; tare da lalata ƙasa da ba za a iya jurewa ba, da'awar sauyin yanayi da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci daga 730 zuwa 760,<ref>Political Program of the Oromo People's Congress (OPC)". Gargaaraoromopc.org. 23 April 1996. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Middleton J (1 June 2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. pp. 39–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-45158-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Tibebu T (June 2018). "Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.279. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4</nowiki>.</ref> waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da mulkin ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci.<ref>Keller EJ (2005). "Making and Remaking State and Nation in Ethiopia". In Laremont RR (ed.). Borders, Nationalism, and the African State (PDF). Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 89–92. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-58826-340-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018.</ref><ref>The Egyptians in Abyssinia Archived 26 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Vislardica.com. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref> Aksum ya zo karshe a shekara ta 960 lokacin da Sarauniya Gudit ta yi nasara akan sarkin Aksum na karshe.<ref>Caulk R (1971). "The Occupation of Harar: January 1887". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 9 (2): 1–20. JSTOR 41967469.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref><ref>International Crisis Group, "Ethnic Federalism and its Discontents". Issue 153 of ''ICG Africa'' report (4 September 2009) p. 2; Italy lost over 4,600 nationals in this battle.</ref> A sakamakon haka, ragowar al'ummar Aksumiyya su koma yankin kudancin kasar, su kafa daular Zagwe, suka canza babban birninsu zuwa Lalibela.<ref>Negash, Tekeste. Eritrea and Ethiopia : The Federal Experience. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2005) <nowiki>ISBN 1-56000-992-6</nowiki> pp. 13–14</ref><ref>Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst". Time. 21 December 1987</ref><ref>Pankhurst R (1966). "The Great Ethiopian Famine of 1888–1892: A New Assessment". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 21 (2): 95–124.</ref> Mulkin Zagwe ya ƙare lokacin da wani babban mutum mai daraja na Amhara Yekuno Amlak ya yi tawaye ga Sarki Yetbarak kuma ya kafa daular Habasha (wanda aka sani da "Abyssinia").<ref>Broich T (2017). "U.S. and Soviet Foreign Aid during the Cold War – A Case Study of Ethiopia". The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2018.</ref><ref>Asnake Kefale, Tomasz Kamusella and Christopher Van der Beken. 2021. Eurasian Empires as Blueprints for Ethiopia: From Ethnolinguistic Nation-State to Multiethnic Federation. London: Routledge, pp. 23–34</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher (2005) "Ḫaylä Śəllase" in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1062–1063.</ref> Biete Medhane Alem, wanda aka gina a zamanin daular Zagwe a tsakiyar zamanai Daular Habasha ta fara fadada yankunan karkashin jagorancin Amda Seyon I.<ref>Tibebu T (1995). The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974. RedSeaPr. p. 145. <nowiki>ISBN 1569020019</nowiki>.</ref><ref>(1963) Haile Selassie, "Towards African Unity"". BlackPast.org. 7 August 2009</ref><ref>Will arms ban slow war?". BBC News. 18 May 2000. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>Clapham, "Ḫaylä Śəllase", Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, p. 1063.</ref> Ya kaddamar da yakin yaki da makiya musulmi na gabas, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi a cikin ma'auni wajen nuna goyon baya ga kiristoci tsawon shekaru biyu masu zuwa.<ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21</ref> Bayan nasarar yakin gabas da Amda Seyon ya yi, akasarin sarakunan musulmi a yankin kahon Afirka sun shiga karkashin mulkin daular Habasha.<ref>REMOVAL IS QUIET". The New York Times. Reuters. 13 September 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief". The New York Times. Reuters. 24 November 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref> An miƙe daga Gojjam zuwa gabar tekun Somaliya a cikin Zelia.<ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref> Daga cikin wadannan al'ummomin musulmi akwai masarautar Ifat. A zamanin sarki Zara Yaqob,<ref>Dagne HG (2006). The commitment of the German Democratic Republic in Ethiopia: a study based on Ethiopian sources. London: Global Lit. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-8258-9535-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>Oberdorfer D (March 1978). "The Superpowers and the Ogaden War". The Washington Post.</ref> daular Habasha ta kai kololuwarta.<ref>US admits helping Mengistu escape". BBC. 22 December 1999. Retrieved 13 December 2017</ref><ref>The Black Book of Communism, pp. 687–95</ref><ref>Ottaway DB (21 March 1979). "Addis Ababa Emerges From a Long, Bloody War". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref> Mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar mallakar yankuna daga sarakunan farko,<ref>Katz DR (21 September 1978). "Ethiopia After the Revolution: Vultures in the Land of Sheba". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref><ref>Stapleton TJ (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4408-3052-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections</ref> da kula da gina majami'u da gidajen ibada da yawa, haɓaka wallafe-wallafe da fasaha, da ƙarfafa ikon daular tsakiya.<ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections.</ref><ref>Crowell Anderson-Jaquest T (May 2002). "Restructuring the Soviet–Ethiopian Relationship: A Csse Study in Asymmetric Exchange" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science.</ref><ref>Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Mengistu Haile Mariam Interview (1990), 13 June 2020, retrieved 17 June 2021</ref> Magajin Ifat, Adal Sultanate,<ref>Tessema S (November 2017). "ADDIS ABABA". Anadolu Agency.</ref><ref>War 'devastated' Ethiopian economy". BBC News. 7 August 2001. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia and Eritrea declare end of war". BBC News. 9 July 2018.</ref> ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci Habasha a lokacin yaƙin Habasha-Adal, amma a ƙarshe an ci nasara a yakin Wayna Daga 1543.<ref>Why a photo of Mengistu has proved so controversial". BBC News. August 2018</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, pp. 121–23</ref><ref>Article 5" (PDF). Ethiopian Constitution. WIPO. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> A karni na 16, kwararowar 'yan kabilar Oromo zuwa sassan arewacin yankin ya wargaza karfin daular.<ref>Ahmed H, Goldstein J (24 September 2018). "Thousands Are Arrested in Ethiopia After Ethnic Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref>"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence". The Daily Star. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018</ref><ref>12 killed in latest attack in western Ethiopia". News24. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref> Da suka taso daga yankin Guji da Borena a yau, Oromos sun sami ƙwarin guiwa ne da ra'ayoyi da yawa na al'ada - tun daga Moggaasaa<ref>Fano Will Not Lay Down Arms If Demands Are Not Met: Chairman, retrieved 28 March 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopian parliament allows PM Abiy to stay in office beyond term". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 10 September 2020.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election". France 24. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020</ref> da Liqimssa - waɗanda yawancinsu ke da alaƙa da farmakin da suka kai. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa gada na Meslé.<ref>"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rockets hit outskirts of Eritrea capital". BBC News. 15 November 2020.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rights commission to investigate 'mass killings'". BBC News. 14 November 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Tigray leader confirms bombing Eritrean capital". Al-Jazeera. 15 November 2020</ref> A cewar Abba Bahrey, farkon fadada ya faru ne a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Dawit II (luba Melbah),<ref>Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers". The Globe and Mail. 15 March 2022.</ref><ref>Chothia F, Bekit T (19 October 2022). "Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022</ref><ref>Amhara conflict: Ethiopians massacred in their homes by government troops". 13 February 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> lokacin da suka mamaye Bale kafin su mamaye Adal Sultanate.<ref>Account (16 February 2024). "Statement on the Indiscriminate Massacre of the Residents of Merawi in Ethiopia". Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref><ref>CIA World Factbook – Rank Order – Area". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2008.</ref><ref>UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre</ref> Habasha ta ga babban huldar diflomasiyya da Portugal daga karni na 17, galibin alaka da addini. Tun daga 1555,<ref>Does It Snow In Ethiopia [Winter Travel]". 15 January 2023</ref><ref>While Egypt Struggles, Ethiopia Builds over the Blue Nile: Controversies and the Way Forward". Brookings.edu</ref><ref>Misiani HO, Finney DL, Segele ZT, Marsham JH, Tadege A, Artan G, Atheru Z (12 December 2020). "Circulation Patterns Associated with Current and Future Rainfall over Ethiopia and South Sudan from a Convection-Permitting Model". Atmosphere. 11 (12): 1352.</ref> Jesuits Portuguese sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka Roman Katolika a matsayin addinin jiha. Bayan gazawa da yawa, sun aika da masu mishan da yawa a cikin 1603,<ref>Ethiopia, Climate Change and Migration: A little more knowledge and a more nuanced perspective could greatly benefit thinking on policy – Ethiopia". ReliefWeb. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2020.</ref><ref>Dahir AL (5 March 2019). "Ethiopia is launching a global crowdfunding campaign to give its capital a green facelift". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Ethiopia PM hosts 'most expensive dinner'". 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref> ciki har da wanda ya fi tasiri, Mutanen Espanya Jesuit Pedro Paez.<ref>AfricaNews (14 May 2019). "Ethiopia PM raises over $25m for project to beautify Addis Ababa". Africanews. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Addisstandard (25 April 2019). "News: China's reprieve on interest-free loan only". Addis Standard. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Bicyclus, Site of Markku Savela</ref> A karkashin sarki Susenyos na I, Roman Katolika ya zama addinin daular Habasha a shekara ta 1622.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>United Nations Statistics Division, Millennium Development Goals indicators: Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), thousand tonnes of CO2 (collected by CDIAC) Human-produced, direct emissions of carbon dioxide only. Excludes other greenhouse gases; land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF); and natural background flows of CO2 (See also: Carbon cycle)</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Nations. Ethiopia Environment</ref> Wannan shawarar ta haifar da tashin hankali daga al'ummar Orthodox.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>Massicot, Paul (2005). Animal Info-Ethiopia.</ref><ref>Khoury CK, Achicanoy HA, Bjorkman AD, Navarro-Racines C, Guarino L, Flores-Palacios X, Engels JM, Wiersema JH, Dempewolf H (15 June 2016). "Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide". Proc. R. Soc. B. 283 (1832): 20160792. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0792. PMC 4920324.</ref><gallery> File:Ethopia Map-Konkani Vishwakosh.jpg|[[Fayil:Ethiopia 2012 (6904150641).jpg|thumb|ginin itofiya]]Taswiran Kasar Etofiya a zamanin da<ref>Lewis IM (27 August 1976). "The peoples and cultures of Ethiopia". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 194 (1114): 7–16. Bibcode:1976RSPSB.194....7L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1976.0061. ISSN 0080-4649. <nowiki>PMID 11482</nowiki>. S2CID 46723065.</ref> File:Chamber of Columns, Sof Omar Caves.jpg|Tsohon hoto a kasar ta Etofiya File:PR-CN-1972-185-Box-2-14 (35216667131).jpg|Sojan kasar Etofiya da shugaban kasa File:Gragne.jpg| Sassaken Gragne akan doki Fayil:Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:LocationEthiopia.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia relief location map.jpg|Map din itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia rainfall and seasons.png|Lokacin damuna a itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia flag black and white.jpg|Tutar itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|Itofiya File:Ethiopian Airlines A350 ET-ATQ.jpg| Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wassan alada a Itofiya Fayil:Sunrise at Ethiopia´s salt flats.jpg|Faduwar Rana itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wasanni a itofiya Fayil:A Step Forward, Ethiopia (13599989815).jpg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia - Lake Assale.jpg|Ruwan itofiya </gallery> == Habasha da Musulunci == Kasar habasha ita ce kasa ta farko da ta kare [[musulmin]] farko da su ka tsira daga arnan [[makka]],<ref>Liddell HG, Scott R. "Aithiops". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Schoff WH (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 62. Retrieved 28 September 2016.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref> da kyakkyawar dangantakar da take tsakanin musulmai da habasha a zamanin Annabi Muhammad (S. A. W)<ref>Ansari A (7 October 2009). "Oldest human skeleton offers new clues to evolution". CNN.com/technology. Retrieved 2 March 2011.</ref><ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Mother of man – 3.2 million years ago". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2009</ref> [[Manzon Allah|manzon Allah,]] amma ta soma wargajewa tsakanin habasha da kasashen musulinci a zamanin [[Umar dan khaddab]] yardar Allah ta Kara tabbata a ga reshi,<ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Institute of Human Origins: Lucy's Story". 15 June 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2017</ref><ref>Mcdougall I, Brown H, Fleagle G (February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–36. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. <nowiki>PMID 15716951</nowiki>. S2CID 1454595.</ref> a wannan lokacin habashawa suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a tashar jirgin ruwa ta [[jidda]] kasar [[saudiyya]] abin da yasa musulmai suka maida martani.<ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>Callaway E (7 June 2017). "Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22114. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</ref> A shekara ta 83 ta hijira musulmai suka kama wani birni a kusa da habasha dan su ringa lura da habashawa, a shekara ta 1510 bayan haihuwar Annabi '''Isah'''<ref>Hammond AS, Royer DF, Fleagle JG (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. Bibcode:2017JHumE.108..199H. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. <nowiki>PMID 28552208</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Zarins J (1990). "Early Pastoral Nomadism and the Settlement of Lower Mesopotamia". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 280 (280): 31–65. doi:10.2307/1357309. JSTOR 1357309. S2CID 163491760.</ref> sarauniyar habasha ta aika manzo na musamman zuwa ga aiman wail sarkin Burtugal dan saboda ya ci musulmai da yaki a taikun [[Indiya]] ta kuma nemi hadin kai daga wajan shi dan ya turamata da sojoji ta yaki [[makka]] sai ya yadda da maganarta ya turumata sojojin masu dumbin yawa ko da haka musulmai sun ci su da yaki sun kashe musu babban hafsan sojojin su,<ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Güldemann T (2018). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 311. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9</ref><ref>Campbell L (2021). Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-262-54218-0</nowiki>.</ref> amma duk da haka musulmai basusamu dama sun shiga habasha ba.<ref>Campbell L (2021). ''Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition''. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. ISBN <bdi>978-0-262-54218-0</bdi>.</ref><ref>Zimmer C (8 August 2019). "In the Ethiopian Mountains, Ancient Humans Were Living the High Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref><ref>Katz B. "Archaeologists Uncover Evidence of an Ancient High-Altitude Human Dwelling". Smithsonian. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> == Addinai == * 40% kirista<ref>Smith KN (9 August 2019). "The first people to live at high elevations snacked on giant mole rats". Ars Technica. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 45% musulunci<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019</ref> * 10% brutustan<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 5% yahudawa da wa yanda basuda addini<ref>Miehe G, Opgenoorth L, Zech W, Woldu Z, Vogelsang R, Veit H, Nemomissa S, Negash A, Nauss T (9 August 2019). "Middle Stone Age foragers resided in high elevations of the glaciated Bale Mountains, Ethiopia". Science. 365 (6453): 583–587. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..583O. doi:10.1126/science.aaw8942. ISSN 0036-8075. <nowiki>PMID 31395781</nowiki>. S2CID 199505803.</ref> '''kasashen da suke makotaka da jihohin Itofiya''' == Iyaka == Itofiya tana daya daga cikin kasashe da suke gabashin afirika tana makotaka da kasashe biyar sune :- * daga nahiyar arewaci [[Eritrea]]<ref>Sahle Y, Hutchings WK, Braun DR, Sealy JC, Morgan LE, Negash A, Atnafu B (2013). Petraglia MD (ed.). "Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78092. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878092S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092. PMC 3827237. <nowiki>PMID 24236011</nowiki>.</ref> * daga yammaci [[Sudan]] <ref>Sahle Y, Brooks AS (2018). "Assessment of complex projectiles in the early Late Pleistocene at Aduma, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216716. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416716S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216716. PMC 6508696. <nowiki>PMID 31071181</nowiki>.</ref> * daga kudanci [[Kenya]]<ref>Munro-Hay, p. 57</ref> * daga gabashin [[Somaliya]]<ref>Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.) (2005) Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, "Ge'ez". Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 732</ref> * daga arewa maso gabashin [[Jibuti]] == Jihohin kasar == [[File:Ethiopia regions numbered.png|300px|thumb|right|Bizunga ya Itofiya.]] kuma tanada jihohi goma sha daya ko wace jiha da sunan kabila mafi yawa sone:- * 1 [[Addis Ababa]] <ref>Munro-Hay, p. 13</ref> * 2 [[Afar]] <ref>Solomonic Descent in Ethiopian History". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</ref> * 3 [[Amhara]] <ref>Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2007). The history of Ethiopia. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 171. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0</nowiki>.</ref> * 4 [[Benishangul-Gumuz]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). BritishMuseum.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 5 [[Dire Dawa]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). ''BritishMuseum.org''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 6 [[Gambela]] <ref>Gold production". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2024.</ref> * 7 [[Harari]] <ref>Karl W. Butzer, "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation", American Antiquity 46, (July 1981), p. 495</ref> * 8 [[Oromia]] <ref>Kingdom of Abyssinia". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref> * 9 [[Somali]] <ref>A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe". 9 January 2022</ref> * 10 Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region<ref>Ethiopia The Zagwe Dynasty – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". photius.com. Retrieved 16 December 2021.</ref> * 11 [[Tigray]]<ref>Pankhurst R (1982). History of Ethiopian Towns. Steiner. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-515-03204-9</nowiki>.</ref> game da haka sunada bine biyu na masamman yaren [[amhari]] sune [[Adis ababa]] da [[dira dawa]]<ref>UNESCO General History of Africa. University of California Press. 3 November 1992. p. 283. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-06698-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Gondar Fasiladas Bath Timket.jpg|Jama'a sun taru a wurin wankan Fasiladas a Gondar, Habasha, don bikin Timket - Epiphany na Cocin Orthodox na Habasha. File:Dallol-2001.jpg|Dutse mai aman wuta, mai suna Dallo File:FasilidasPalaceGonder.jpg|Fadar Fasilidas, Gonder File:The Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, calling on the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh in New Delhi on November 06, 2007.jpg| prime ministan Etofiya Mr Zeles Zewani a India tare da Dr Manmohan Singh a Delhi File:Manmohan Singh with the Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. Stephen Harper, the President of South Africa, Mr. Jacob Zuma and the Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, at the plenary session of G-20 Summit, in Cannes.jpg| Su biyu da wasu shuwagabannin kasa </gallery>{{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiopia}} [[Category:kasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasar Itofiya]] tlgelerdpatzwmx6lra4qgeqkh1hq6f 888117 888116 2026-07-27T15:41:56Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|thumb|Yankin itofiya a duniya]] '''Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Itofiya:''' da turanci '''''[[Ethiopian Airlines|Ethiopia]],'''''da harshen amhare ( ኢትዮጵያ )<ref>Emi I (4 March 2020). "Ethiopia to Add 4 more Official Languages to Foster Unity". Ventures Africa. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref><ref>Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts". Nazret. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Shaban A. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</ref> ada an santa da suna [[habasha]], kasa ce dake a kudancin [[Afirka]].<ref>Ethiopian Constitution". www.africa.upenn.edu</ref><ref>Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Population Census Commission. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2020.</ref><ref>"Country Level". 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. CSA. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2013</ref> Ta kasancee'yantacciyar kasa ce wadda turawan mulkin mallaka basu mulke ta ba har zuwa shekara ta (1936)<ref>Zenawism as ethnic-federalism" (PDF)</ref><ref>"Is Ethiopia Democratic? A Bureaucratic Authoritarian Regime". Journal of Democracy. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref><ref>Ethiopia- The World Factbook". www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 19 July 2021.</ref> sai sojojin [[Italiya]] suka fada cikin kasar amma 'yan kasar suka yi taron-dangi da sojojin [[Birtaniya]] suka kori sojojin [[Italiya]] a shekara ta, (1941)<ref>Population Size by Sex, Area and Density by Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2024" (PDF). ess.gov.et. Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS). Retrieved 3 June 2025.</ref><ref>"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Ethiopia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref> amma batasamu 'yancin kanta ba sai da kasar [[ingila]] tasa mata hannu a shekara ta [[1944|(1944]].)<ref>"Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021</ref><ref>Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. 8 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</ref><ref>UNESCO - Ethiopian epiphany". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Haplic Fluvisol in Sinkata Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Yara kewa sa]] A cikin ƙarni na bakwai kafin haifuwar [[Annabi Isah]] habashawa sun musu masarauta Aksum a gefan,<ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2022. (Archived 2022 edition.)</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 5 April 2021.</ref><ref>Kessler DF (2012). The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-283-70872-2</nowiki>. OCLC 819506475.</ref> kogin [[maliya]] babban birnita Aksum a yanzu ansanta da Eritrea kuma a shekara ta (500)<ref>Hopkin M (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-10. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref><ref>Li J, Absher D, Tang H, Southwick A, Casto A, Ramachandran S, Cann H, Barsh G, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza L, Myers R (2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science. 319 (5866): 1100–04. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. <nowiki>PMID 18292342</nowiki>. S2CID 53541133.</ref><ref>Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says". Bloomberg News. 21 February 2008. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> kafin haifuwar annabi Isah manoma da 'yan kasuwanci da suka zo daga kasashen [[larabawa]] suka hadu suka yi musu yare daya kuma suka dai-dai ta rubutun su,<ref>Kaplan K (21 February 2008). "Around the world from Addis Ababa". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Abbink J (1998). "An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 11 (2): 109–124. doi:10.1080/13696819808717830. hdl:1887/9486. ISSN 1369-6815. JSTOR 1771876.</ref><ref>Moore DH (1936). "Christianity in Ethiopia". Church History. 5 (3): 271–284. doi:10.2307/3160789. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3160789. S2CID 162029676.</ref> a tsakiyar ƙarni na hudu se sarki Izana ya shiga tare da 'yan cerci ta [[Misra]],<ref>Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia" (PDF). 12 April 2022</ref><ref>BBC Staff (3 November 2020). "Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state". BBC. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</ref><ref>"Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS". Daily News Egypt. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref> a karni na bakwai bayan haifuwar '''annabi isah (A.S.W)''' kogin [[maliya]] yazama a hannun musulmai,<ref>Africa S (29 August 2020). "Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower". SomTribune. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref>5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch". World Economic Forum. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref name=":0">Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 23 December 2021</ref><ref name=":0" /> sai Aksum ta rasa kasuwancin ta da alakar ta da taikun [[Indiya]],<ref>"GAL country profile - Ethiopia" (PDF). www.uil.unesco.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025</ref><ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref> a karni na goma sai masarautar Aksum ta ruguje tazama tare da wane cerci na '''Ethiopia''' a shekara ta 800 bayan haifuwar '''annabi Isah''' manoma suka kama biya inshura ga gwamnati kuma suna gina curci curcin da suka fadi har yanzu da kuma sauran su,<ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref><ref>Africa Geoscience Review, Volume 10. Rock View International. 2003. p. 366. Retrieved 9 August 2014.</ref><ref>Bekerie A (2004). "Ethiopica: Some Historical Reflections on the Origin of the Word Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 1 (2): 110–121. ISSN 1543-4133. JSTOR 27828841.</ref> a da Ethiopia ma'anarta konannar fuska ko bakar fuska.<ref>Homer, Odyssey 1.22–4.</ref><ref>Hatke G (2013). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. pp. 52–53. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8147-6066-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Cp. Ezekiel 29:10</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Habasha ta yi rajista mafi saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Meles Zenawi.<ref>"Ethio Telecom forecasts 19% rise in revenue in 2023/24". Reuters. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024</ref><ref>'''^''' ''The Economist'' 22 May 2010, page 49</ref><ref>Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow". BBC. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</ref> A cewar IMF, Habasha na daya daga cikin kasashe masu saurin bunkasar tattalin arziki a duniya, inda ta yi rijista sama da kashi 10 cikin 100 na bunkasuwar tattalin arziki daga 2004 zuwa 2009.<ref name=":4">Stylianou N. "Coffee under threat". BBC News</ref><ref>Cook R (2 September 2015). "World Cattle Inventory: Ranking of countries (FAO) | Cattle Network". www.cattlenetwork.com. Farm Journal. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ita ce tattalin arzikin Afirka mafi saurin bunƙasa ba tare da dogaro da mai ba a cikin shekarun 2007 da 2008.<ref>Ethiopia's flower trade in full bloom". Mail & Guardian. 19 February 2006. Archived from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007. Floriculture has become a flourishing business in Ethiopia in the past five years, with the industry's exports earnings set to grow to $100-million by 2007, a five-fold increase on the $20-million earned in 2005. Ethiopian flower exports could generate an estimated $300-million within two to three years, according to the head of the government export-promotion department, Melaku Legesse.</ref><ref>Averill V (31 May 2007). "Ethiopia's designs on leather trade". BBC. Retrieved 21 June 2007. The label inside the luxuriously soft black leather handbag reads Taytu: Made In Ethiopia. But the embroidered print on the outside, the chunky bronze rings attached to the fashionably short straps and the oversized "it" bag status all scream designer chic.</ref><ref>Pavanello, Sara 2010. Working across borders – Harnessing the potential of cross-border activities to improve livelihood security in the Horn of Africa drylands Archived 12 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. London: Overseas Development Institute</ref> A cikin shekarar 2015, Bankin Duniya ya nuna cewa Habasha ta sami saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin tare da haɓakar ainihin kayan cikin gida (GDP) a matsakaicin 10.9% tsakanin 2004 da 2014.<ref>"Largest hydro electric power plant goes smoothly". English.people.com.cn. 12 April 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2010.</ref><ref>Hydroelectric Power Plant built". Addistribune.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>"The "white oil" of Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.. ethiopianreporter.com</ref> A cikin Shekara ta 2008 da 2011, ayyukan ci gaban Habasha da ci gaban da aka samu sun fuskanci ƙalubale sakamakon hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da mawuyacin halin ma'auni na biyan kuɗi.<ref>Project Summary". AKH Project owners. January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopia–Djibouti electric railway line opens". railwaygazette.com. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</ref><ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref> Haɓakar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya haura zuwa kashi 40 cikin 100 a watan Agustan 2011 saboda rashin daidaiton manufofin kuɗi, ƙarin ƙarin albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati a farkon 2011, da tsadar abinci.<ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref><ref>"Zeresenay Alemseged – National Geographic Society". www.nationalgeographic.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref> Duk da saurin bunƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, GDP na kowane mutum yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya, kuma tattalin arzikin yana fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa na tsarin. Dangane da bayanan baya-bayan nan daga shekarar 2019,<ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref><ref>Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref><ref>"Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref> kashi 68.7% na yawan jama'a suna fama da talauci da yawa da kuma ƙarin 18.4% masu rauni zuwa gare shi.<ref>Ethiopian Traditional Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs". EthnoMed. Retrieved 31 January 2022.</ref><ref>Explore All Countries – Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2021. landlocked – entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref> Tare da sanya hannun jari mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan jama'a da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, Habasha tana ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin tsarinta ta zama cibiyar samar da haske a Afirka.<ref>Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005.</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref><ref name=":5">Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":5" /> A cikin 2019 an zartar da wata doka da ta ba wa 'yan Habasha 'yan gudun hijira damar saka hannun jari a masana'antar hidimar hada-hadar kudi ta Habasha.<ref>World Refugee Survey 2008". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.</ref><ref>Racin, L. (4 March 2008) "Future Shock: How Environmental Change and Human Impact Are Changing the Global Map". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.</ref><ref>Ofcansky, T and Berry, L. "Ethiopia: A Country Study". Edited by Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Countrystudies.us</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Habasha ya fayyace cewa ‘yancin mallakar filaye na “jahar da jama’a ne kawai”, amma ‘yan kasar na iya yin hayar filaye har na tsawon shekaru 99,<ref>Shivley, K. "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</ref><ref>Belete A (1991). "Development of agriculture in Ethiopia since the 1975 land reform" (PDF). Agricultural Economics. 6 (2): 159–75. doi:10.1016/0169-5150(91)90022-D (inactive 19 January 2025).</ref><ref>Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017". Government of Ethiopia. Retrieved 20 April 2016.</ref> amma ba za su iya yin jinginar gida ko sayarwa ba. Ana ba da izinin yin hayar filaye na tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma ana tsammanin wannan zai tabbatar da cewa ƙasar ta tafi ga mafi yawan masu amfani. Ana daukar rabon filaye da gudanar da mulki a matsayin wani yanki da aka kafa cin hanci da rashawa,<ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Poverty in Ethiopia Down 33 Percent Since 2000". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> kuma sau da yawa ana neman biyan sauƙaƙawa da kuma cin hanci lokacin da ake fuskantar al’amuran da suka shafi ƙasa.<ref>Condominium housing in Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 4 January 2017</ref><ref>Glottolog 4.8 - Languages of Ethiopia". glottolog.org. Retrieved 30 August 2023.</ref><ref>Languages of Ethiopia". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</ref> Da yake babu mallakar filaye, ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa galibi ana yin su ne kawai ba tare da tambayar masu amfani da filaye ba,<ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>FDRE. "Federal Negarit Gazeta Establishment Proclamation" (PDF). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2021.</ref><ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref> wanda daga nan sai a koma gudun hijira ba tare da gida ko fili ba. Yawan fushi da rashin yarda wani lokaci yakan haifar da zanga-zangar jama'a.<ref name=":6">Fattovich, Rodolfo (2003) "Akkälä Guzay" in von Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Weissbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, p.169.</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>Mpoche, Kizitus, Mbuh, Tennu, eds. (2006). Language, literature, and identity. Cuvillier. pp. 163–64. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-86537-839-2</nowiki>.</ref> Bugu da kari, amfanin noma ya ragu sosai, kuma har yanzu ana fama da fari da yawa a kasar, wanda hakan ke haddasa rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin gida.<ref>"Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 10 November 2006</ref><ref>Abegaz B (1 June 2005). "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" (PDF). Retrieved 27 July 2017.</ref><ref>Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013</ref> == Makamashi da wutar lantarki == Habasha na da manyan koguna 14 da ke kwarara daga tsaunukanta, ciki har da kogin Nilu. Tana da mafi girman wuraren ajiyar ruwa a Afirka.<ref>Davis LD (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. p. 342. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8146-5616-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The History of Ethiopian Jews". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Thomas P Ofcansky LB (2004). Ethiopia: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 130–41. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4191-1857-9</nowiki>.</ref> Ya zuwa 2012, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki suna wakiltar kusan kashi 88.2% na jimillar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>(Kater, 2000)</ref><ref>(Dorman et al., 2009, p. 622).</ref><ref name=":7">Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":7" /> Babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha da aka gina tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2023, wanda zai zama madatsar ruwa mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref>"WaterAid UK – Where we work – Ethiopia"</ref><ref>Ethiopia – Health and Welfare". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> An samar da ragowar wutar lantarki daga burbushin mai (8.3%) da hanyoyin sabunta (3.6%). Adadin wutar lantarki na jimillar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2016 ya kai kashi 42%, tare da kashi 85% a cikin birane da kuma kashi 26% a yankunan karkara. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016,<ref>Global distribution of health workers in WHO Member States" (PDF). The World Health Report 2006. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Ethiopia". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 9 September 2015.</ref><ref>Hanlon C, Eshetu T, Alemayehu D, Fekadu A, Semrau M, Thornicroft G, Kigozi F, Marais DL, Petersen I, Alem A (8 June 2017). "Health system governance to support scale up of mental health care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study". International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 11: 38. doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0144-4. PMC 5465569. <nowiki>PMID 28603550</nowiki>.</ref> jimlar samar da wutar lantarki ya kai TW⋅h 11.15 kuma ana amfani da shi ya kai 9.062 TW⋅h. An fitar da wutar lantarki 0.166 TW⋅h, da 0 kW⋅h da aka shigo da su, da kuma 2.784 GW na karfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>Teferra D, Altbach PG (2003). African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook. Indiana University Press. pp. 316–25. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-253-34186-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref><ref>Education in Ethiopia". WENR. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2022.</ref> Habasha tana isar da kusan kashi 81% na yawan ruwa zuwa kogin Nilu ta cikin kogin Blue Nile, kogin Sobat da Atbara.<ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref><ref>"Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref> A shekara ta 1959, Masar da Sudan sun rattaba hannu kan wata yerjejeniya ta kasashen biyu, yarjejeniyar ruwan Nilu ta shekarar 1959,<ref>Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref name=":8">The 20th century has resulted in Ethiopia connecting towards the world with students of art learning the styles of western art, most notably Afewerk Tekle a laureate and others during the end of Menelik's reign and other monarchs right after</ref><ref name=":8" /> wadda ta bai wa kasashen biyu ‘yancin kan ruwa na ruwan Nilu.<ref>Ethiopia has produced many reputable contemporary painters and muralists, most notable among whom is Laureate Afewerk Tekle</ref><ref>Lalibela was mainly built as a 'new Jerusalem' for Ethiopian pilgrims set to go to Jerusalem nonetheless barred from by Muslim conquests [1] [2] [3]</ref><ref>"The Use of DMT in Early Masonic Ritual". Reality Sandwich. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref> Tun daga lokacin, Masar ta hana kusan dukkan ayyukan da ake yi a Habasha da ke neman amfani da magudanan ruwan Nilu na cikin gida.<ref>"Architecture of Aksun and Lalibela". kolibri.teacherinabox.org.au. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</ref><ref>Marilyn Eiseman Heldman, Frē Ṣeyon (1994). The Marian Icons of the Painter Frē Ṣeyon: A Study of Fifteenth-century Ethiopian Art, Patronage, and Spirituality. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 75. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-03540-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Nosnitsin D (2012). "Ethiopian Manuscripts and Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. A brief Overview and Evaluation". Gazette du livre médiéval. 58 (1): 1–16. doi:10.3406/galim.2012.1993.</ref> Wannan ya yi tasiri wajen hana tallafin samar da wutar lantarki daga waje da ayyukan ban ruwa a yammacin Habasha,<ref name=":9">Smidt WG (2015). "Gorgoryos and Ludolf: The Ethiopian and German Fore-Fathers of Ethiopian Studies: An Ethiopian scholar's 1652 visit to Thuringia" (PDF). ITYOP̣IS: Northeast African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":9" /><ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195</ref> wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan raya tattalin arziki na tushen albarkatun ruwa. Sai dai kasar Habasha na shirin gina wani katafaren madatsar ruwa mai karfin megawatt 6,450 a kogin Blue Nile.<ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195.</ref><ref>Getachew F (2 March 2015). "Ethiopia: Haddis Alemayehu - the Unique Personality in Ethiopian Literature". The Ethiopian Herald.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "20 Of The Best Poets And Poems of Ethiopia (Qene included) — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 18 December 2021.</ref> An kammala shi a shekara ta 2023, wannan babbar madatsar ruwa ta Habasha za ta kasance tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Tekle A (1994). Eritrea and Ethiopia: from conflict to cooperation. The Red Sea Press. p. 197. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-932415-97-4</nowiki>. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan have significant similarities emanating not only from culture, religion, traditions, history and aspirations ... They appreciate similar foods and spices, beverages and sweets, fabrics and tapestry, lyrics and music, and jewellery and fragrances.</ref><ref>Abdullahi MD (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2</nowiki>. Somali music, a unique kind of music that might be mistaken at first for music from nearby countries such as Ethiopia, the Sudan, or even Arabia, can be recognized by its own tunes and styles.</ref><ref>About St. Yared – St. Yared Ethiopian Cuisine & Coffeehaus – Indianapolis IN". www.styaredcuisine.com. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</ref> Aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Gibe III ya zuwa yanzu shi ne mafi girma a kasar tare da samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 1,870. A cikin shekara ta 2017-18 (2010 E.C)<ref>Page WF (2001). Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2. Facts on File. p. 230. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8160-4472-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "Music in Ethiopia — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Page WF (2001). ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2''. Facts on File. p. 230. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8160-4472-6</bdi>.</ref> wannan madatsar ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta samar da 4,900 GW⋅h.[245] === Tsufa === === Manyan labaran: D'mt da Mulkin Aksum === === Kudin Akshaye === A cikin 980 BC, an kafa D'Mt a cikin Are Eritrea da kuma arewacin Ethiopia a yankin Tigray,<ref>Mongabay.com Ethiopia statistics. (n.d). Retrieved 18 November 2006, from Rainforests.mongabay.com</ref><ref>Grantham HS, Duncan A, Evans TD, Jones KR, Beyer HL, Schuster R, Walston J, Ray JC, Robinson JG, Callow M, Clements T, Costa HM, DeGemmis A, Elsen PR, Ervin J, Franco P, Goldman E, Goetz S, Hansen A, Hofsvang E, Jantz P, Jupiter S, Kang A, Langhammer P, Laurance WF, Lieberman S, Linkie M, Malhi Y, Maxwell S, Mendez M, Mittermeier R, Murray NJ, Possingham H, Radachowsky J, Saatchi S, Samper C, Silverman J, Shapiro A, Strassburg B, Stevens T, Stokes E, Taylor R, Tear T, Tizard R, Venter O, Visconti P, Wang S, Watson JE (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. <nowiki>PMID 33293507</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Environmental Profile". Mongabay. 4 February 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</ref> kuma an yi imani da cewa yanayin da zai gaje ya zama magaji ya zama magajinsa.<ref>Parry, J (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved 22 November 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).</ref><ref>See Federal High Court Establishment Proclamation No.322/2003. Federal High Courts have been placed in the following states: Afar, Benshngul/Gumuz, Gambela, Somali, and SNNPR.</ref><ref>Iyyer C (2009). Land Management: Challenges & Strategies. Global India Publications. p. 16. <nowiki>ISBN 978-93-80228-48-8</nowiki>.</ref> Wannan babban birnin kasar da aka samu a Yeha a cikin menene yanzu yanzu Habasha.<ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, as amended by Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 138/1998, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 254/2001, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 321/2003, and Federal Courts Proclamation (Reamendment) Proclamation 454/2005 (Federal Courts Proclamation), Article 24(3).</ref><ref>Constitution of Ethiopia – 8 December 1994". Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.</ref><ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, Article 3.</ref> Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi la'akari da wannan wayewar dan adam dan kasar Habasha na asalin kasar, kodayake a farkon lokacin da suka ba da gudummawa saboda yawan tasirin Bahar Maliya.<ref>Ethiopia – Country Governance Profile EN.pdf. OSGE and OREB. March 2009. p. 14.</ref><ref>Ethiopia | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2015". freedomhouse.org. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, p. 142</ref> Sauran malamai sun dauki matsayin wata kungiyar al'adun afroasicic da rassan da ke magana da kayayyaki da kuma semitic; Wato,<ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles has died: state television". Reuters. 21 August 2012.</ref><ref>Map of Freedom 2007". Freedom House. 2007. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2007.</ref><ref>Lough R (22 August 2012). "Ethiopia acting PM to remain at helm until 2015". Reuters.</ref> jama'ar lard na gida da Sabaenans daga Kudancin Arabia. Duk da haka, Geez,<ref>Malone B (27 May 2015). "Profile: Ethiopia's 'placeholder' PM quietly holds on". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 July 2015.</ref><ref>Maasho A (8 August 2016). "At least 33 protesters killed in Ethiopia's Oromiya region: opposition". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":1">"Ethiopia declares state of emergency". BBC News. 16 February 2018.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> tsohon Semit Harshen Habasha na Habasha na Habasha, ana tunanin ya haɓaka da kansa daga yaren Sabaenan.<ref>"Six million children threatened by Ethiopia drought: UN". Terradaily.com. Retrieved 16 March 200</ref> A farkon rabin 2000 BC, sauran masu magana da Semitic suna zaune a Habasha da Eritrea inda Gealz ya kirkira. <ref>AfricaNews. "Ethiopia declares 6 months state of emergency over Oromia protests | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 7 November 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister wins the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize". CNN News. 16 October 2019</ref><ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref> Yanzu haka Sabaea ya kasance yana tunanin ya kasance ƙarami,<ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). p.17. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Country Profile". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ottaway M (1995). "The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New Authoritarianism?". Northeast African Studies. 2 (3): 67–84. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0028. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 41931114.</ref> iyakance ga wasu ƙananan yankuna, kuma ya ɓace bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ko karni.<ref>Failure to Stand for Democracy in Ethiopia Has Weakened Democracy Worldwide". The Institute for Peace and Diplomacy - l’Institut pour la paix et la diplomatie. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref> Wataƙila mulkin ciniki ne ko kuma mallaka na soja cikin Alliance tare da Wuta ta Habasha ko kuma wasu ƙasashen Preto-Axumite.<ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Gedamu Y (16 June 2020). "Abiy put Ethiopia on the road to democracy: but major obstacles still stand in the way". The Conversation. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Mulatu Wubneh (2017). "Ethnic Identity Politics and the Restructuring of Administrative Units in Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 11 (1 & 2): 105–138. JSTOR 26586251</ref> Daular Axum a ganiya a karni na 6 Bayan faɗuwar D'Mt a karni na 4 BC, filin duniya Filato ya zo da mulkin magazarta.<ref>Ethiopia Political Map and Regions | Mappr". www.mappr.co. 14 January 2019</ref><ref>Vértesy L, Lemango T (2022). "Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia". De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico. XIII (1–2): 62–75. ISSN 1789-0446 – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Land of Punt". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 29 January 2022.</ref> A cikin karni na 1 AD, mulkin Aksharum ya fito a cikin abin da yake yanzu yankin Tigray da Eritrea.<ref>The political history of the Ethiopian community, and their struggle for ownership of this small monastery, is retold in Chris Proutky, Empress Taytu and Menelik II (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 247–256</ref><ref>"Ethiopia – Agoa.info – African Growth and Opportunity Act". agoa.info. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</ref><ref>Although Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), believes that the Suez Canal brought strategic value to the Red Sea region (p. 73), Sven Rubenson, The Survival of Ethiopian Independence (Hollywood: Tsehai,1991) argues that only with the Mahdi War did the United Kingdom interest themselves once again in Ethiopia (pp. 283ff).</ref> A cewar littafin Axum, babban babban babban babban birnin farko, Itiyopis, ɗan Cush.<ref>Gregory W. "Obama Becomes First Sitting U.S. President To Visit Ethiopia". National Public Radio. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</ref><ref>Onyulo T (26 July 2015). "Obama visit highlights Ethiopia's role in fighting Islamist terrorists". USA Today.</ref><ref>"Decision on the Report of the Fifth Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee on Defence, Security and Safety Doc. EX.CL/698(XX)" (PDF). African Union. Retrieved 14 August 2024</ref> Daga baya ya mika akmarinum a baya a wasu lokata a wannan gefen Bahar Maliya.<ref>Walsh D (9 February 2020). "For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020.</ref><ref>An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam". Quartz. 27 June 2020.</ref><ref>Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 15 July 2020.</ref> A cikin Peran Annabi Mani da aka lissafa Axum tare da Rome, Farisa,<ref>Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref> da China a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan iko guda hudu na zamanin sa, a cikin karni na 3.<ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023.</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref> An kuma yi imani da cewa akwai wata alaka tsakanin majami'u na Masarawa.<ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>"Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020.</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</ref> Akwai tabbataccen shaida cewa Akshumite suna da alaƙa da Sarauniyar Sheba, ta hanyar rubutun sarauta.<ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk</ref><ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023</ref> Forawa 316 AD, FRUMEMIUS da ɗan'uwansa Edesius daga Taya tare da kawunsu a kan Habasha zuwa Habasha.<ref name=":2">Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /> Lokacin da tukunyar ta tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa mai launin tekun, da natifa suka kashe masu tafiyar matafiya sai dai 'yan'uwan biyu biyu, waɗanda aka kai a kotu a matsayin bayi.<ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Sanarwar amintattu ne suka bashe su, suka musulunta a kori shugaban sarki ya yi karatun Kiristanci.<ref>USA I (August 2013). Ethiopia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Lulu.com. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4387-6981-3</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Federal Police" (PDF). FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA. 29 June 2022.</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation. 31 May 2024</ref> Frumpentius ya zama bishop na farko na Akkum.<ref>World Economic Outlook" (PDF). IMF. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure"". Human Rights Watch. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2021.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: IMF Positive on Country's Growth Outlook". allAfrica. Retrieved 13 January 2013</ref> A tsabar kudin ya nuna 324 ya nuna cewa kasar Habasha ita ce kasa da ta biyu da ta dauki addinin Kiristanci (bayan da duk da cewa ana iya yin hakan a cikin da'irar kotu;<ref>conomic Overview". World Bank. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2016.</ref><ref>Ethiopia to launch four more industry parks within two years". Reuters. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>"With Continued Rapid Growth, Ethiopia is Poised to Become a Middle Income Country by 2025". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> Wannan shi ne babban iko na farko da yin hakan.<ref>Sze M (12 August 2019). "Ethiopia to Open Banks for Ethiopian Investors in the Diaspora". W7 News. Retrieved 14 August 2019.</ref><ref>Power generation begins at 1,870-MW Gibe III hydroelectric project in Ethiopia". www.hydroworld.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016</ref><ref>Business Corruption in Ethiopia". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014</ref> AKSUMITEITY sun kasance sumbata ga Greco-Roman da ke da mahimman dangantakar al'adu da kuma ular kasuwanci da empire da emeral, a cikin kwasfa da emerals, da kuma shigo da siliki.<ref>Eastwood V, Elbagir N (31 May 2012). "Ethiopia powers on with controversial dam project". CNN. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>Get the gangsters out of the food chain". The Economist. 7 June 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Wilkin P, Demissew S, Willis K, Woldeyes F, Davis AP, Molla EL, Janssens S, Kallow S, Berhanu A (2019). "Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple". Annals of Botany. 123 (5): 747–766. doi:10.1093/aob/mcy214. PMC 6526316. <nowiki>PMID 30715125</nowiki>.</ref> Aikin zinare a cikin 2015 shine tan 9 na awo.<ref name=":3">Tikuye E (21 January 2023). "Fixing Addis light rail may cost at least $60 million". The Reporter (Ethiopia). Retrieved 10 March 2024.</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":3" /> === Tsakanin Zamani === Babban labarin: Habasha a tsakiyar zamanai Masarautar ta karbi sunan "Ethiopia" a zamanin mulkin Ezana a karni na 4.<ref>Abir M (28 October 2013). Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. Routledge. pp. 22–70. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-136-28090-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Connel & Killion 2011, p. 160.</ref><ref>Mohammed AK (2013). The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-643-90332-7</nowiki>.</ref> Bayan cin nasarar daular Kush a shekara ta 330, yankin Aksumite ya kai kololuwarsa tsakanin karni na 5 da na 6.<ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Hassen M (2017). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300–1700. James Currey. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84701-161-9</nowiki>. OCLC 962017017.</ref> An katse wannan lokacin ta hanyar kutse da dama cikin yankin kariyar Larabawa ta Kudu,<ref>Pankhurst 1997, p. 301</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: The Trials of the Christian Kingdom and the Decline of Imperial Power ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_02"". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries"</ref> gami da Dhu Nuwas na Yahudawa na Masarautar Himyarite da yaƙe-yaƙe na Aksumite-Farisiya.<ref>Cohen L (2009). The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-05892-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Latin Letters of Jesuits -Wendy Laura Belcher". wendybelcher.com. Retrieved 4 February 2022</ref><ref>Parfitt R (17 January 2019). The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-316-51519-8</nowiki>.</ref> A shekara ta 575, Aksumiyawa sun kewaye birnin Sana'a suka sake mamaye birnin bayan kashe gwamnanta Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan.<ref>Berndl K (2005). National Geographic Visual History of the World. National Geographic Society. p. 333. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7922-3695-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Getamun, City of Gondar, p. 5</ref><ref>See Solomon Getamun, History of the City of Gondar (Africa World Press, 2005), pp.1–4</ref> An bar Bahar Maliya ga Khalifancin Rashidun a shekara ta 646,<ref>Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 297f</ref><ref>Gondar Period". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</ref><ref>Pankhurst, Richard (1967). The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 139–143.</ref> kuma musulmin Larabawa sun wawashe birnin Adulis mai tashar jiragen ruwa a karni na 8; tare da lalata ƙasa da ba za a iya jurewa ba, da'awar sauyin yanayi da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci daga 730 zuwa 760,<ref>Political Program of the Oromo People's Congress (OPC)". Gargaaraoromopc.org. 23 April 1996. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Middleton J (1 June 2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. pp. 39–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-45158-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Tibebu T (June 2018). "Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.279. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4</nowiki>.</ref> waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da mulkin ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci.<ref>Keller EJ (2005). "Making and Remaking State and Nation in Ethiopia". In Laremont RR (ed.). Borders, Nationalism, and the African State (PDF). Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 89–92. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-58826-340-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018.</ref><ref>The Egyptians in Abyssinia Archived 26 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Vislardica.com. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref> Aksum ya zo karshe a shekara ta 960 lokacin da Sarauniya Gudit ta yi nasara akan sarkin Aksum na karshe.<ref>Caulk R (1971). "The Occupation of Harar: January 1887". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 9 (2): 1–20. JSTOR 41967469.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref><ref>International Crisis Group, "Ethnic Federalism and its Discontents". Issue 153 of ''ICG Africa'' report (4 September 2009) p. 2; Italy lost over 4,600 nationals in this battle.</ref> A sakamakon haka, ragowar al'ummar Aksumiyya su koma yankin kudancin kasar, su kafa daular Zagwe, suka canza babban birninsu zuwa Lalibela.<ref>Negash, Tekeste. Eritrea and Ethiopia : The Federal Experience. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2005) <nowiki>ISBN 1-56000-992-6</nowiki> pp. 13–14</ref><ref>Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst". Time. 21 December 1987</ref><ref>Pankhurst R (1966). "The Great Ethiopian Famine of 1888–1892: A New Assessment". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 21 (2): 95–124.</ref> Mulkin Zagwe ya ƙare lokacin da wani babban mutum mai daraja na Amhara Yekuno Amlak ya yi tawaye ga Sarki Yetbarak kuma ya kafa daular Habasha (wanda aka sani da "Abyssinia").<ref>Broich T (2017). "U.S. and Soviet Foreign Aid during the Cold War – A Case Study of Ethiopia". The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2018.</ref><ref>Asnake Kefale, Tomasz Kamusella and Christopher Van der Beken. 2021. Eurasian Empires as Blueprints for Ethiopia: From Ethnolinguistic Nation-State to Multiethnic Federation. London: Routledge, pp. 23–34</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher (2005) "Ḫaylä Śəllase" in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1062–1063.</ref> Biete Medhane Alem, wanda aka gina a zamanin daular Zagwe a tsakiyar zamanai Daular Habasha ta fara fadada yankunan karkashin jagorancin Amda Seyon I.<ref>Tibebu T (1995). The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974. RedSeaPr. p. 145. <nowiki>ISBN 1569020019</nowiki>.</ref><ref>(1963) Haile Selassie, "Towards African Unity"". BlackPast.org. 7 August 2009</ref><ref>Will arms ban slow war?". BBC News. 18 May 2000. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>Clapham, "Ḫaylä Śəllase", Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, p. 1063.</ref> Ya kaddamar da yakin yaki da makiya musulmi na gabas, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi a cikin ma'auni wajen nuna goyon baya ga kiristoci tsawon shekaru biyu masu zuwa.<ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21</ref> Bayan nasarar yakin gabas da Amda Seyon ya yi, akasarin sarakunan musulmi a yankin kahon Afirka sun shiga karkashin mulkin daular Habasha.<ref>REMOVAL IS QUIET". The New York Times. Reuters. 13 September 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief". The New York Times. Reuters. 24 November 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref> An miƙe daga Gojjam zuwa gabar tekun Somaliya a cikin Zelia.<ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref> Daga cikin wadannan al'ummomin musulmi akwai masarautar Ifat. A zamanin sarki Zara Yaqob,<ref>Dagne HG (2006). The commitment of the German Democratic Republic in Ethiopia: a study based on Ethiopian sources. London: Global Lit. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-8258-9535-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>Oberdorfer D (March 1978). "The Superpowers and the Ogaden War". The Washington Post.</ref> daular Habasha ta kai kololuwarta.<ref>US admits helping Mengistu escape". BBC. 22 December 1999. Retrieved 13 December 2017</ref><ref>The Black Book of Communism, pp. 687–95</ref><ref>Ottaway DB (21 March 1979). "Addis Ababa Emerges From a Long, Bloody War". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref> Mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar mallakar yankuna daga sarakunan farko,<ref>Katz DR (21 September 1978). "Ethiopia After the Revolution: Vultures in the Land of Sheba". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref><ref>Stapleton TJ (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4408-3052-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections</ref> da kula da gina majami'u da gidajen ibada da yawa, haɓaka wallafe-wallafe da fasaha, da ƙarfafa ikon daular tsakiya.<ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections.</ref><ref>Crowell Anderson-Jaquest T (May 2002). "Restructuring the Soviet–Ethiopian Relationship: A Csse Study in Asymmetric Exchange" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science.</ref><ref>Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Mengistu Haile Mariam Interview (1990), 13 June 2020, retrieved 17 June 2021</ref> Magajin Ifat, Adal Sultanate,<ref>Tessema S (November 2017). "ADDIS ABABA". Anadolu Agency.</ref><ref>War 'devastated' Ethiopian economy". BBC News. 7 August 2001. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia and Eritrea declare end of war". BBC News. 9 July 2018.</ref> ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci Habasha a lokacin yaƙin Habasha-Adal, amma a ƙarshe an ci nasara a yakin Wayna Daga 1543.<ref>Why a photo of Mengistu has proved so controversial". BBC News. August 2018</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, pp. 121–23</ref><ref>Article 5" (PDF). Ethiopian Constitution. WIPO. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> A karni na 16, kwararowar 'yan kabilar Oromo zuwa sassan arewacin yankin ya wargaza karfin daular.<ref>Ahmed H, Goldstein J (24 September 2018). "Thousands Are Arrested in Ethiopia After Ethnic Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref>"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence". The Daily Star. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018</ref><ref>12 killed in latest attack in western Ethiopia". News24. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref> Da suka taso daga yankin Guji da Borena a yau, Oromos sun sami ƙwarin guiwa ne da ra'ayoyi da yawa na al'ada - tun daga Moggaasaa<ref>Fano Will Not Lay Down Arms If Demands Are Not Met: Chairman, retrieved 28 March 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopian parliament allows PM Abiy to stay in office beyond term". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 10 September 2020.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election". France 24. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020</ref> da Liqimssa - waɗanda yawancinsu ke da alaƙa da farmakin da suka kai. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa gada na Meslé.<ref>"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rockets hit outskirts of Eritrea capital". BBC News. 15 November 2020.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rights commission to investigate 'mass killings'". BBC News. 14 November 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Tigray leader confirms bombing Eritrean capital". Al-Jazeera. 15 November 2020</ref> A cewar Abba Bahrey, farkon fadada ya faru ne a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Dawit II (luba Melbah),<ref>Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers". The Globe and Mail. 15 March 2022.</ref><ref>Chothia F, Bekit T (19 October 2022). "Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022</ref><ref>Amhara conflict: Ethiopians massacred in their homes by government troops". 13 February 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> lokacin da suka mamaye Bale kafin su mamaye Adal Sultanate.<ref>Account (16 February 2024). "Statement on the Indiscriminate Massacre of the Residents of Merawi in Ethiopia". Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref><ref>CIA World Factbook – Rank Order – Area". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2008.</ref><ref>UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre</ref> Habasha ta ga babban huldar diflomasiyya da Portugal daga karni na 17, galibin alaka da addini. Tun daga 1555,<ref>Does It Snow In Ethiopia [Winter Travel]". 15 January 2023</ref><ref>While Egypt Struggles, Ethiopia Builds over the Blue Nile: Controversies and the Way Forward". Brookings.edu</ref><ref>Misiani HO, Finney DL, Segele ZT, Marsham JH, Tadege A, Artan G, Atheru Z (12 December 2020). "Circulation Patterns Associated with Current and Future Rainfall over Ethiopia and South Sudan from a Convection-Permitting Model". Atmosphere. 11 (12): 1352.</ref> Jesuits Portuguese sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka Roman Katolika a matsayin addinin jiha. Bayan gazawa da yawa, sun aika da masu mishan da yawa a cikin 1603,<ref>Ethiopia, Climate Change and Migration: A little more knowledge and a more nuanced perspective could greatly benefit thinking on policy – Ethiopia". ReliefWeb. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2020.</ref><ref>Dahir AL (5 March 2019). "Ethiopia is launching a global crowdfunding campaign to give its capital a green facelift". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Ethiopia PM hosts 'most expensive dinner'". 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref> ciki har da wanda ya fi tasiri, Mutanen Espanya Jesuit Pedro Paez.<ref>AfricaNews (14 May 2019). "Ethiopia PM raises over $25m for project to beautify Addis Ababa". Africanews. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Addisstandard (25 April 2019). "News: China's reprieve on interest-free loan only". Addis Standard. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Bicyclus, Site of Markku Savela</ref> A karkashin sarki Susenyos na I, Roman Katolika ya zama addinin daular Habasha a shekara ta 1622.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>United Nations Statistics Division, Millennium Development Goals indicators: Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), thousand tonnes of CO2 (collected by CDIAC) Human-produced, direct emissions of carbon dioxide only. Excludes other greenhouse gases; land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF); and natural background flows of CO2 (See also: Carbon cycle)</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Nations. Ethiopia Environment</ref> Wannan shawarar ta haifar da tashin hankali daga al'ummar Orthodox.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>Massicot, Paul (2005). Animal Info-Ethiopia.</ref><ref>Khoury CK, Achicanoy HA, Bjorkman AD, Navarro-Racines C, Guarino L, Flores-Palacios X, Engels JM, Wiersema JH, Dempewolf H (15 June 2016). "Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide". Proc. R. Soc. B. 283 (1832): 20160792. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0792. PMC 4920324.</ref><gallery> File:Ethopia Map-Konkani Vishwakosh.jpg|[[Fayil:Ethiopia 2012 (6904150641).jpg|thumb|ginin itofiya]]Taswiran Kasar Etofiya a zamanin da<ref>Lewis IM (27 August 1976). "The peoples and cultures of Ethiopia". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 194 (1114): 7–16. Bibcode:1976RSPSB.194....7L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1976.0061. ISSN 0080-4649. <nowiki>PMID 11482</nowiki>. S2CID 46723065.</ref> File:Chamber of Columns, Sof Omar Caves.jpg|Tsohon hoto a kasar ta Etofiya File:PR-CN-1972-185-Box-2-14 (35216667131).jpg|Sojan kasar Etofiya da shugaban kasa File:Gragne.jpg| Sassaken Gragne akan doki Fayil:Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:LocationEthiopia.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia relief location map.jpg|Map din itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia rainfall and seasons.png|Lokacin damuna a itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia flag black and white.jpg|Tutar itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|Itofiya File:Ethiopian Airlines A350 ET-ATQ.jpg| Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wassan alada a Itofiya Fayil:Sunrise at Ethiopia´s salt flats.jpg|Faduwar Rana itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wasanni a itofiya Fayil:A Step Forward, Ethiopia (13599989815).jpg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia - Lake Assale.jpg|Ruwan itofiya </gallery> == Habasha da Musulunci == Kasar habasha ita ce kasa ta farko da ta kare [[musulmin]] farko da su ka tsira daga arnan [[makka]],<ref>Liddell HG, Scott R. "Aithiops". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Schoff WH (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 62. Retrieved 28 September 2016.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref> da kyakkyawar dangantakar da take tsakanin musulmai da habasha a zamanin Annabi Muhammad (S. A. W)<ref>Ansari A (7 October 2009). "Oldest human skeleton offers new clues to evolution". CNN.com/technology. Retrieved 2 March 2011.</ref><ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Mother of man – 3.2 million years ago". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2009</ref> [[Manzon Allah|manzon Allah,]] amma ta soma wargajewa tsakanin habasha da kasashen musulinci a zamanin [[Umar dan khaddab]] yardar Allah ta Kara tabbata a ga reshi,<ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Institute of Human Origins: Lucy's Story". 15 June 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2017</ref><ref>Mcdougall I, Brown H, Fleagle G (February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–36. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. <nowiki>PMID 15716951</nowiki>. S2CID 1454595.</ref> a wannan lokacin habashawa suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a tashar jirgin ruwa ta [[jidda]] kasar [[saudiyya]] abin da yasa musulmai suka maida martani.<ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>Callaway E (7 June 2017). "Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22114. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</ref> A shekara ta 83 ta hijira musulmai suka kama wani birni a kusa da habasha dan su ringa lura da habashawa, a shekara ta 1510 bayan haihuwar Annabi '''Isah'''<ref>Hammond AS, Royer DF, Fleagle JG (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. Bibcode:2017JHumE.108..199H. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. <nowiki>PMID 28552208</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Zarins J (1990). "Early Pastoral Nomadism and the Settlement of Lower Mesopotamia". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 280 (280): 31–65. doi:10.2307/1357309. JSTOR 1357309. S2CID 163491760.</ref> sarauniyar habasha ta aika manzo na musamman zuwa ga aiman wail sarkin Burtugal dan saboda ya ci musulmai da yaki a taikun [[Indiya]] ta kuma nemi hadin kai daga wajan shi dan ya turamata da sojoji ta yaki [[makka]] sai ya yadda da maganarta ya turumata sojojin masu dumbin yawa ko da haka musulmai sun ci su da yaki sun kashe musu babban hafsan sojojin su,<ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Güldemann T (2018). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 311. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9</ref><ref>Campbell L (2021). Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-262-54218-0</nowiki>.</ref> amma duk da haka musulmai basusamu dama sun shiga habasha ba.<ref>Campbell L (2021). ''Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition''. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. ISBN <bdi>978-0-262-54218-0</bdi>.</ref><ref>Zimmer C (8 August 2019). "In the Ethiopian Mountains, Ancient Humans Were Living the High Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref><ref>Katz B. "Archaeologists Uncover Evidence of an Ancient High-Altitude Human Dwelling". Smithsonian. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> == Addinai == * 40% kirista<ref>Smith KN (9 August 2019). "The first people to live at high elevations snacked on giant mole rats". Ars Technica. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 45% musulunci<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019</ref> * 10% brutustan<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 5% yahudawa da wa yanda basuda addini<ref>Miehe G, Opgenoorth L, Zech W, Woldu Z, Vogelsang R, Veit H, Nemomissa S, Negash A, Nauss T (9 August 2019). "Middle Stone Age foragers resided in high elevations of the glaciated Bale Mountains, Ethiopia". Science. 365 (6453): 583–587. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..583O. doi:10.1126/science.aaw8942. ISSN 0036-8075. <nowiki>PMID 31395781</nowiki>. S2CID 199505803.</ref> '''kasashen da suke makotaka da jihohin Itofiya''' == Iyaka == Itofiya tana daya daga cikin kasashe da suke gabashin afirika tana makotaka da kasashe biyar sune :- * daga nahiyar arewaci [[Eritrea]]<ref>Sahle Y, Hutchings WK, Braun DR, Sealy JC, Morgan LE, Negash A, Atnafu B (2013). Petraglia MD (ed.). "Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78092. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878092S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092. PMC 3827237. <nowiki>PMID 24236011</nowiki>.</ref> * daga yammaci [[Sudan]] <ref>Sahle Y, Brooks AS (2018). "Assessment of complex projectiles in the early Late Pleistocene at Aduma, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216716. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416716S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216716. PMC 6508696. <nowiki>PMID 31071181</nowiki>.</ref> * daga kudanci [[Kenya]]<ref>Munro-Hay, p. 57</ref> * daga gabashin [[Somaliya]]<ref>Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.) (2005) Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, "Ge'ez". Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 732</ref> * daga arewa maso gabashin [[Jibuti]] == Jihohin kasar == [[File:Ethiopia regions numbered.png|300px|thumb|right|Bizunga ya Itofiya.]] kuma tanada jihohi goma sha daya ko wace jiha da sunan kabila mafi yawa sone:- * 1 [[Addis Ababa]] <ref>Munro-Hay, p. 13</ref> * 2 [[Afar]] <ref>Solomonic Descent in Ethiopian History". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</ref> * 3 [[Amhara]] <ref>Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2007). The history of Ethiopia. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 171. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0</nowiki>.</ref> * 4 [[Benishangul-Gumuz]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). BritishMuseum.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 5 [[Dire Dawa]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). ''BritishMuseum.org''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 6 [[Gambela]] <ref>Gold production". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2024.</ref> * 7 [[Harari]] <ref>Karl W. Butzer, "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation", American Antiquity 46, (July 1981), p. 495</ref> * 8 [[Oromia]] <ref>Kingdom of Abyssinia". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref> * 9 [[Somali]] <ref>A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe". 9 January 2022</ref> * 10 Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region<ref>Ethiopia The Zagwe Dynasty – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". photius.com. Retrieved 16 December 2021.</ref> * 11 [[Tigray]]<ref>Pankhurst R (1982). History of Ethiopian Towns. Steiner. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-515-03204-9</nowiki>.</ref> game da haka sunada bine biyu na masamman yaren [[amhari]] sune [[Adis ababa]] da [[dira dawa]]<ref>UNESCO General History of Africa. University of California Press. 3 November 1992. p. 283. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-06698-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Gondar Fasiladas Bath Timket.jpg|Jama'a sun taru a wurin wankan Fasiladas a Gondar, Habasha, don bikin Timket - Epiphany na Cocin Orthodox na Habasha. File:Dallol-2001.jpg|Dutse mai aman wuta, mai suna Dallo File:FasilidasPalaceGonder.jpg|Fadar Fasilidas, Gonder File:The Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, calling on the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh in New Delhi on November 06, 2007.jpg| prime ministan Etofiya Mr Zeles Zewani a India tare da Dr Manmohan Singh a Delhi File:Manmohan Singh with the Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. Stephen Harper, the President of South Africa, Mr. Jacob Zuma and the Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, at the plenary session of G-20 Summit, in Cannes.jpg| Su biyu da wasu shuwagabannin kasa </gallery>{{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiopia}} [[Category:kasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasar Itofiya]] 8oyrzq94l6vdtfgkj0a96qt20cku316 888118 888117 2026-07-27T15:43:24Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|thumb|Yankin itofiya a duniya]] '''Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Itofiya:''' da turanci '''''[[Ethiopian Airlines|Ethiopia]],'''''da harshen amhare ( ኢትዮጵያ )<ref>Emi I (4 March 2020). "Ethiopia to Add 4 more Official Languages to Foster Unity". Ventures Africa. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref><ref>Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts". Nazret. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Shaban A. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</ref> ada an santa da suna [[habasha]], kasa ce dake a kudancin [[Afirka]].<ref>Ethiopian Constitution". www.africa.upenn.edu</ref><ref>Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Population Census Commission. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2020.</ref><ref>"Country Level". 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. CSA. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2013</ref> Ta kasancee'yantacciyar kasa ce wadda turawan mulkin mallaka basu mulke ta ba har zuwa shekara ta (1936)<ref>Zenawism as ethnic-federalism" (PDF)</ref><ref>"Is Ethiopia Democratic? A Bureaucratic Authoritarian Regime". Journal of Democracy. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref><ref>Ethiopia- The World Factbook". www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 19 July 2021.</ref> sai sojojin [[Italiya]] suka fada cikin kasar amma 'yan kasar suka yi taron-dangi da sojojin [[Birtaniya]] suka kori sojojin [[Italiya]] a shekara ta, (1941)<ref>Population Size by Sex, Area and Density by Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2024" (PDF). ess.gov.et. Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS). Retrieved 3 June 2025.</ref><ref>"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Ethiopia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref> amma batasamu 'yancin kanta ba sai da kasar [[ingila]] tasa mata hannu a shekara ta [[1944|(1944]].)<ref>"Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021</ref><ref>Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. 8 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</ref><ref>UNESCO - Ethiopian epiphany". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Haplic Fluvisol in Sinkata Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Yara kewa sa]] A cikin ƙarni na bakwai kafin haifuwar [[Annabi Isah]] habashawa sun musu masarauta Aksum a gefan,<ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2022. (Archived 2022 edition.)</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 5 April 2021.</ref><ref>Kessler DF (2012). The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-283-70872-2</nowiki>. OCLC 819506475.</ref> kogin [[maliya]] babban birnita Aksum a yanzu ansanta da Eritrea kuma a shekara ta (500)<ref>Hopkin M (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-10. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref><ref>Li J, Absher D, Tang H, Southwick A, Casto A, Ramachandran S, Cann H, Barsh G, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza L, Myers R (2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science. 319 (5866): 1100–04. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. <nowiki>PMID 18292342</nowiki>. S2CID 53541133.</ref><ref>Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says". Bloomberg News. 21 February 2008. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> kafin haifuwar annabi Isah manoma da 'yan kasuwanci da suka zo daga kasashen [[larabawa]] suka hadu suka yi musu yare daya kuma suka dai-dai ta rubutun su,<ref>Kaplan K (21 February 2008). "Around the world from Addis Ababa". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Abbink J (1998). "An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 11 (2): 109–124. doi:10.1080/13696819808717830. hdl:1887/9486. ISSN 1369-6815. JSTOR 1771876.</ref><ref>Moore DH (1936). "Christianity in Ethiopia". Church History. 5 (3): 271–284. doi:10.2307/3160789. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3160789. S2CID 162029676.</ref> a tsakiyar ƙarni na hudu se sarki Izana ya shiga tare da 'yan cerci ta [[Misra]],<ref>Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia" (PDF). 12 April 2022</ref><ref>BBC Staff (3 November 2020). "Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state". BBC. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</ref><ref>"Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS". Daily News Egypt. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref> a karni na bakwai bayan haifuwar '''annabi isah (A.S.W)''' kogin [[maliya]] yazama a hannun musulmai,<ref>Africa S (29 August 2020). "Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower". SomTribune. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref>5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch". World Economic Forum. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref name=":0">Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 23 December 2021</ref><ref name=":0" /> sai Aksum ta rasa kasuwancin ta da alakar ta da taikun [[Indiya]],<ref>"GAL country profile - Ethiopia" (PDF). www.uil.unesco.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025</ref><ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref> a karni na goma sai masarautar Aksum ta ruguje tazama tare da wane cerci na '''Ethiopia''' a shekara ta 800 bayan haifuwar '''annabi Isah''' manoma suka kama biya inshura ga gwamnati kuma suna gina curci curcin da suka fadi har yanzu da kuma sauran su,<ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref><ref>Africa Geoscience Review, Volume 10. Rock View International. 2003. p. 366. Retrieved 9 August 2014.</ref><ref>Bekerie A (2004). "Ethiopica: Some Historical Reflections on the Origin of the Word Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 1 (2): 110–121. ISSN 1543-4133. JSTOR 27828841.</ref> a da Ethiopia ma'anarta konannar fuska ko bakar fuska.<ref>Homer, Odyssey 1.22–4.</ref><ref>Hatke G (2013). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. pp. 52–53. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8147-6066-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Cp. Ezekiel 29:10</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Habasha ta yi rajista mafi saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Meles Zenawi.<ref>"Ethio Telecom forecasts 19% rise in revenue in 2023/24". Reuters. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024</ref><ref>'''^''' ''The Economist'' 22 May 2010, page 49</ref><ref>Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow". BBC. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</ref> A cewar IMF, Habasha na daya daga cikin kasashe masu saurin bunkasar tattalin arziki a duniya, inda ta yi rijista sama da kashi 10 cikin 100 na bunkasuwar tattalin arziki daga 2004 zuwa 2009.<ref name=":4">Stylianou N. "Coffee under threat". BBC News</ref><ref>Cook R (2 September 2015). "World Cattle Inventory: Ranking of countries (FAO) | Cattle Network". www.cattlenetwork.com. Farm Journal. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ita ce tattalin arzikin Afirka mafi saurin bunƙasa ba tare da dogaro da mai ba a cikin shekarun 2007 zuwa 2008.<ref>Ethiopia's flower trade in full bloom". Mail & Guardian. 19 February 2006. Archived from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007. Floriculture has become a flourishing business in Ethiopia in the past five years, with the industry's exports earnings set to grow to $100-million by 2007, a five-fold increase on the $20-million earned in 2005. Ethiopian flower exports could generate an estimated $300-million within two to three years, according to the head of the government export-promotion department, Melaku Legesse.</ref><ref>Averill V (31 May 2007). "Ethiopia's designs on leather trade". BBC. Retrieved 21 June 2007. The label inside the luxuriously soft black leather handbag reads Taytu: Made In Ethiopia. But the embroidered print on the outside, the chunky bronze rings attached to the fashionably short straps and the oversized "it" bag status all scream designer chic.</ref><ref>Pavanello, Sara 2010. Working across borders – Harnessing the potential of cross-border activities to improve livelihood security in the Horn of Africa drylands Archived 12 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. London: Overseas Development Institute</ref> A cikin shekarar 2015, Bankin Duniya ya nuna cewa Habasha ta sami saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin tare da haɓakar ainihin kayan cikin gida (GDP) a matsakaicin 10.9% tsakanin 2004 da 2014.<ref>"Largest hydro electric power plant goes smoothly". English.people.com.cn. 12 April 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2010.</ref><ref>Hydroelectric Power Plant built". Addistribune.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>"The "white oil" of Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.. ethiopianreporter.com</ref> A cikin Shekara ta 2008 da 2011, ayyukan ci gaban Habasha da ci gaban da aka samu sun fuskanci ƙalubale sakamakon hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da mawuyacin halin ma'auni na biyan kuɗi.<ref>Project Summary". AKH Project owners. January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopia–Djibouti electric railway line opens". railwaygazette.com. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</ref><ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref> Haɓakar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya haura zuwa kashi 40 cikin 100 a watan Agustan 2011 saboda rashin daidaiton manufofin kuɗi, ƙarin ƙarin albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati a farkon 2011, da tsadar abinci.<ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref><ref>"Zeresenay Alemseged – National Geographic Society". www.nationalgeographic.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref> Duk da saurin bunƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, GDP na kowane mutum yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya, kuma tattalin arzikin yana fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa na tsarin. Dangane da bayanan baya-bayan nan daga shekarar 2019,<ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref><ref>Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref><ref>"Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref> kashi 68.7% na yawan jama'a suna fama da talauci da yawa da kuma ƙarin 18.4% masu rauni zuwa gare shi.<ref>Ethiopian Traditional Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs". EthnoMed. Retrieved 31 January 2022.</ref><ref>Explore All Countries – Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2021. landlocked – entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref> Tare da sanya hannun jari mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan jama'a da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, Habasha tana ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin tsarinta ta zama cibiyar samar da haske a Afirka.<ref>Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005.</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref><ref name=":5">Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":5" /> A cikin 2019 an zartar da wata doka da ta ba wa 'yan Habasha 'yan gudun hijira damar saka hannun jari a masana'antar hidimar hada-hadar kudi ta Habasha.<ref>World Refugee Survey 2008". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.</ref><ref>Racin, L. (4 March 2008) "Future Shock: How Environmental Change and Human Impact Are Changing the Global Map". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.</ref><ref>Ofcansky, T and Berry, L. "Ethiopia: A Country Study". Edited by Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Countrystudies.us</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Habasha ya fayyace cewa ‘yancin mallakar filaye na “jahar da jama’a ne kawai”, amma ‘yan kasar na iya yin hayar filaye har na tsawon shekaru 99,<ref>Shivley, K. "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</ref><ref>Belete A (1991). "Development of agriculture in Ethiopia since the 1975 land reform" (PDF). Agricultural Economics. 6 (2): 159–75. doi:10.1016/0169-5150(91)90022-D (inactive 19 January 2025).</ref><ref>Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017". Government of Ethiopia. Retrieved 20 April 2016.</ref> amma ba za su iya yin jinginar gida ko sayarwa ba. Ana ba da izinin yin hayar filaye na tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma ana tsammanin wannan zai tabbatar da cewa ƙasar ta tafi ga mafi yawan masu amfani. Ana daukar rabon filaye da gudanar da mulki a matsayin wani yanki da aka kafa cin hanci da rashawa,<ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Poverty in Ethiopia Down 33 Percent Since 2000". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> kuma sau da yawa ana neman biyan sauƙaƙawa da kuma cin hanci lokacin da ake fuskantar al’amuran da suka shafi ƙasa.<ref>Condominium housing in Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 4 January 2017</ref><ref>Glottolog 4.8 - Languages of Ethiopia". glottolog.org. Retrieved 30 August 2023.</ref><ref>Languages of Ethiopia". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</ref> Da yake babu mallakar filaye, ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa galibi ana yin su ne kawai ba tare da tambayar masu amfani da filaye ba,<ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>FDRE. "Federal Negarit Gazeta Establishment Proclamation" (PDF). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2021.</ref><ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref> wanda daga nan sai a koma gudun hijira ba tare da gida ko fili ba. Yawan fushi da rashin yarda wani lokaci yakan haifar da zanga-zangar jama'a.<ref name=":6">Fattovich, Rodolfo (2003) "Akkälä Guzay" in von Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Weissbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, p.169.</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>Mpoche, Kizitus, Mbuh, Tennu, eds. (2006). Language, literature, and identity. Cuvillier. pp. 163–64. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-86537-839-2</nowiki>.</ref> Bugu da kari, amfanin noma ya ragu sosai, kuma har yanzu ana fama da fari da yawa a kasar, wanda hakan ke haddasa rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin gida.<ref>"Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 10 November 2006</ref><ref>Abegaz B (1 June 2005). "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" (PDF). Retrieved 27 July 2017.</ref><ref>Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013</ref> == Makamashi da wutar lantarki == Habasha na da manyan koguna 14 da ke kwarara daga tsaunukanta, ciki har da kogin Nilu. Tana da mafi girman wuraren ajiyar ruwa a Afirka.<ref>Davis LD (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. p. 342. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8146-5616-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The History of Ethiopian Jews". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Thomas P Ofcansky LB (2004). Ethiopia: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 130–41. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4191-1857-9</nowiki>.</ref> Ya zuwa 2012, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki suna wakiltar kusan kashi 88.2% na jimillar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>(Kater, 2000)</ref><ref>(Dorman et al., 2009, p. 622).</ref><ref name=":7">Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":7" /> Babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha da aka gina tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2023, wanda zai zama madatsar ruwa mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref>"WaterAid UK – Where we work – Ethiopia"</ref><ref>Ethiopia – Health and Welfare". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> An samar da ragowar wutar lantarki daga burbushin mai (8.3%) da hanyoyin sabunta (3.6%). Adadin wutar lantarki na jimillar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2016 ya kai kashi 42%, tare da kashi 85% a cikin birane da kuma kashi 26% a yankunan karkara. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016,<ref>Global distribution of health workers in WHO Member States" (PDF). The World Health Report 2006. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Ethiopia". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 9 September 2015.</ref><ref>Hanlon C, Eshetu T, Alemayehu D, Fekadu A, Semrau M, Thornicroft G, Kigozi F, Marais DL, Petersen I, Alem A (8 June 2017). "Health system governance to support scale up of mental health care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study". International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 11: 38. doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0144-4. PMC 5465569. <nowiki>PMID 28603550</nowiki>.</ref> jimlar samar da wutar lantarki ya kai TW⋅h 11.15 kuma ana amfani da shi ya kai 9.062 TW⋅h. An fitar da wutar lantarki 0.166 TW⋅h, da 0 kW⋅h da aka shigo da su, da kuma 2.784 GW na karfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>Teferra D, Altbach PG (2003). African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook. Indiana University Press. pp. 316–25. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-253-34186-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref><ref>Education in Ethiopia". WENR. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2022.</ref> Habasha tana isar da kusan kashi 81% na yawan ruwa zuwa kogin Nilu ta cikin kogin Blue Nile, kogin Sobat da Atbara.<ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref><ref>"Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref> A shekara ta 1959, Masar da Sudan sun rattaba hannu kan wata yerjejeniya ta kasashen biyu, yarjejeniyar ruwan Nilu ta shekarar 1959,<ref>Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref name=":8">The 20th century has resulted in Ethiopia connecting towards the world with students of art learning the styles of western art, most notably Afewerk Tekle a laureate and others during the end of Menelik's reign and other monarchs right after</ref><ref name=":8" /> wadda ta bai wa kasashen biyu ‘yancin kan ruwa na ruwan Nilu.<ref>Ethiopia has produced many reputable contemporary painters and muralists, most notable among whom is Laureate Afewerk Tekle</ref><ref>Lalibela was mainly built as a 'new Jerusalem' for Ethiopian pilgrims set to go to Jerusalem nonetheless barred from by Muslim conquests [1] [2] [3]</ref><ref>"The Use of DMT in Early Masonic Ritual". Reality Sandwich. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref> Tun daga lokacin, Masar ta hana kusan dukkan ayyukan da ake yi a Habasha da ke neman amfani da magudanan ruwan Nilu na cikin gida.<ref>"Architecture of Aksun and Lalibela". kolibri.teacherinabox.org.au. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</ref><ref>Marilyn Eiseman Heldman, Frē Ṣeyon (1994). The Marian Icons of the Painter Frē Ṣeyon: A Study of Fifteenth-century Ethiopian Art, Patronage, and Spirituality. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 75. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-03540-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Nosnitsin D (2012). "Ethiopian Manuscripts and Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. A brief Overview and Evaluation". Gazette du livre médiéval. 58 (1): 1–16. doi:10.3406/galim.2012.1993.</ref> Wannan ya yi tasiri wajen hana tallafin samar da wutar lantarki daga waje da ayyukan ban ruwa a yammacin Habasha,<ref name=":9">Smidt WG (2015). "Gorgoryos and Ludolf: The Ethiopian and German Fore-Fathers of Ethiopian Studies: An Ethiopian scholar's 1652 visit to Thuringia" (PDF). ITYOP̣IS: Northeast African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":9" /><ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195</ref> wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan raya tattalin arziki na tushen albarkatun ruwa. Sai dai kasar Habasha na shirin gina wani katafaren madatsar ruwa mai karfin megawatt 6,450 a kogin Blue Nile.<ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195.</ref><ref>Getachew F (2 March 2015). "Ethiopia: Haddis Alemayehu - the Unique Personality in Ethiopian Literature". The Ethiopian Herald.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "20 Of The Best Poets And Poems of Ethiopia (Qene included) — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 18 December 2021.</ref> An kammala shi a shekara ta 2023, wannan babbar madatsar ruwa ta Habasha za ta kasance tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Tekle A (1994). Eritrea and Ethiopia: from conflict to cooperation. The Red Sea Press. p. 197. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-932415-97-4</nowiki>. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan have significant similarities emanating not only from culture, religion, traditions, history and aspirations ... They appreciate similar foods and spices, beverages and sweets, fabrics and tapestry, lyrics and music, and jewellery and fragrances.</ref><ref>Abdullahi MD (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2</nowiki>. Somali music, a unique kind of music that might be mistaken at first for music from nearby countries such as Ethiopia, the Sudan, or even Arabia, can be recognized by its own tunes and styles.</ref><ref>About St. Yared – St. Yared Ethiopian Cuisine & Coffeehaus – Indianapolis IN". www.styaredcuisine.com. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</ref> Aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Gibe III ya zuwa yanzu shi ne mafi girma a kasar tare da samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 1,870. A cikin shekara ta 2017-18 (2010 E.C)<ref>Page WF (2001). Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2. Facts on File. p. 230. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8160-4472-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "Music in Ethiopia — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Page WF (2001). ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2''. Facts on File. p. 230. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8160-4472-6</bdi>.</ref> wannan madatsar ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta samar da 4,900 GW⋅h.[245] === Tsufa === === Manyan labaran: D'mt da Mulkin Aksum === === Kudin Akshaye === A cikin 980 BC, an kafa D'Mt a cikin Are Eritrea da kuma arewacin Ethiopia a yankin Tigray,<ref>Mongabay.com Ethiopia statistics. (n.d). Retrieved 18 November 2006, from Rainforests.mongabay.com</ref><ref>Grantham HS, Duncan A, Evans TD, Jones KR, Beyer HL, Schuster R, Walston J, Ray JC, Robinson JG, Callow M, Clements T, Costa HM, DeGemmis A, Elsen PR, Ervin J, Franco P, Goldman E, Goetz S, Hansen A, Hofsvang E, Jantz P, Jupiter S, Kang A, Langhammer P, Laurance WF, Lieberman S, Linkie M, Malhi Y, Maxwell S, Mendez M, Mittermeier R, Murray NJ, Possingham H, Radachowsky J, Saatchi S, Samper C, Silverman J, Shapiro A, Strassburg B, Stevens T, Stokes E, Taylor R, Tear T, Tizard R, Venter O, Visconti P, Wang S, Watson JE (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. <nowiki>PMID 33293507</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Environmental Profile". Mongabay. 4 February 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</ref> kuma an yi imani da cewa yanayin da zai gaje ya zama magaji ya zama magajinsa.<ref>Parry, J (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved 22 November 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).</ref><ref>See Federal High Court Establishment Proclamation No.322/2003. Federal High Courts have been placed in the following states: Afar, Benshngul/Gumuz, Gambela, Somali, and SNNPR.</ref><ref>Iyyer C (2009). Land Management: Challenges & Strategies. Global India Publications. p. 16. <nowiki>ISBN 978-93-80228-48-8</nowiki>.</ref> Wannan babban birnin kasar da aka samu a Yeha a cikin menene yanzu yanzu Habasha.<ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, as amended by Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 138/1998, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 254/2001, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 321/2003, and Federal Courts Proclamation (Reamendment) Proclamation 454/2005 (Federal Courts Proclamation), Article 24(3).</ref><ref>Constitution of Ethiopia – 8 December 1994". Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.</ref><ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, Article 3.</ref> Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi la'akari da wannan wayewar dan adam dan kasar Habasha na asalin kasar, kodayake a farkon lokacin da suka ba da gudummawa saboda yawan tasirin Bahar Maliya.<ref>Ethiopia – Country Governance Profile EN.pdf. OSGE and OREB. March 2009. p. 14.</ref><ref>Ethiopia | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2015". freedomhouse.org. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, p. 142</ref> Sauran malamai sun dauki matsayin wata kungiyar al'adun afroasicic da rassan da ke magana da kayayyaki da kuma semitic; Wato,<ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles has died: state television". Reuters. 21 August 2012.</ref><ref>Map of Freedom 2007". Freedom House. 2007. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2007.</ref><ref>Lough R (22 August 2012). "Ethiopia acting PM to remain at helm until 2015". Reuters.</ref> jama'ar lard na gida da Sabaenans daga Kudancin Arabia. Duk da haka, Geez,<ref>Malone B (27 May 2015). "Profile: Ethiopia's 'placeholder' PM quietly holds on". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 July 2015.</ref><ref>Maasho A (8 August 2016). "At least 33 protesters killed in Ethiopia's Oromiya region: opposition". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":1">"Ethiopia declares state of emergency". BBC News. 16 February 2018.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> tsohon Semit Harshen Habasha na Habasha na Habasha, ana tunanin ya haɓaka da kansa daga yaren Sabaenan.<ref>"Six million children threatened by Ethiopia drought: UN". Terradaily.com. Retrieved 16 March 200</ref> A farkon rabin 2000 BC, sauran masu magana da Semitic suna zaune a Habasha da Eritrea inda Gealz ya kirkira. <ref>AfricaNews. "Ethiopia declares 6 months state of emergency over Oromia protests | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 7 November 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister wins the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize". CNN News. 16 October 2019</ref><ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref> Yanzu haka Sabaea ya kasance yana tunanin ya kasance ƙarami,<ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). p.17. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Country Profile". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ottaway M (1995). "The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New Authoritarianism?". Northeast African Studies. 2 (3): 67–84. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0028. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 41931114.</ref> iyakance ga wasu ƙananan yankuna, kuma ya ɓace bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ko karni.<ref>Failure to Stand for Democracy in Ethiopia Has Weakened Democracy Worldwide". The Institute for Peace and Diplomacy - l’Institut pour la paix et la diplomatie. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref> Wataƙila mulkin ciniki ne ko kuma mallaka na soja cikin Alliance tare da Wuta ta Habasha ko kuma wasu ƙasashen Preto-Axumite.<ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Gedamu Y (16 June 2020). "Abiy put Ethiopia on the road to democracy: but major obstacles still stand in the way". The Conversation. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Mulatu Wubneh (2017). "Ethnic Identity Politics and the Restructuring of Administrative Units in Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 11 (1 & 2): 105–138. JSTOR 26586251</ref> Daular Axum a ganiya a karni na 6 Bayan faɗuwar D'Mt a karni na 4 BC, filin duniya Filato ya zo da mulkin magazarta.<ref>Ethiopia Political Map and Regions | Mappr". www.mappr.co. 14 January 2019</ref><ref>Vértesy L, Lemango T (2022). "Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia". De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico. XIII (1–2): 62–75. ISSN 1789-0446 – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Land of Punt". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 29 January 2022.</ref> A cikin karni na 1 AD, mulkin Aksharum ya fito a cikin abin da yake yanzu yankin Tigray da Eritrea.<ref>The political history of the Ethiopian community, and their struggle for ownership of this small monastery, is retold in Chris Proutky, Empress Taytu and Menelik II (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 247–256</ref><ref>"Ethiopia – Agoa.info – African Growth and Opportunity Act". agoa.info. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</ref><ref>Although Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), believes that the Suez Canal brought strategic value to the Red Sea region (p. 73), Sven Rubenson, The Survival of Ethiopian Independence (Hollywood: Tsehai,1991) argues that only with the Mahdi War did the United Kingdom interest themselves once again in Ethiopia (pp. 283ff).</ref> A cewar littafin Axum, babban babban babban babban birnin farko, Itiyopis, ɗan Cush.<ref>Gregory W. "Obama Becomes First Sitting U.S. President To Visit Ethiopia". National Public Radio. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</ref><ref>Onyulo T (26 July 2015). "Obama visit highlights Ethiopia's role in fighting Islamist terrorists". USA Today.</ref><ref>"Decision on the Report of the Fifth Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee on Defence, Security and Safety Doc. EX.CL/698(XX)" (PDF). African Union. Retrieved 14 August 2024</ref> Daga baya ya mika akmarinum a baya a wasu lokata a wannan gefen Bahar Maliya.<ref>Walsh D (9 February 2020). "For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020.</ref><ref>An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam". Quartz. 27 June 2020.</ref><ref>Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 15 July 2020.</ref> A cikin Peran Annabi Mani da aka lissafa Axum tare da Rome, Farisa,<ref>Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref> da China a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan iko guda hudu na zamanin sa, a cikin karni na 3.<ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023.</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref> An kuma yi imani da cewa akwai wata alaka tsakanin majami'u na Masarawa.<ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>"Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020.</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</ref> Akwai tabbataccen shaida cewa Akshumite suna da alaƙa da Sarauniyar Sheba, ta hanyar rubutun sarauta.<ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk</ref><ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023</ref> Forawa 316 AD, FRUMEMIUS da ɗan'uwansa Edesius daga Taya tare da kawunsu a kan Habasha zuwa Habasha.<ref name=":2">Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /> Lokacin da tukunyar ta tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa mai launin tekun, da natifa suka kashe masu tafiyar matafiya sai dai 'yan'uwan biyu biyu, waɗanda aka kai a kotu a matsayin bayi.<ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Sanarwar amintattu ne suka bashe su, suka musulunta a kori shugaban sarki ya yi karatun Kiristanci.<ref>USA I (August 2013). Ethiopia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Lulu.com. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4387-6981-3</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Federal Police" (PDF). FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA. 29 June 2022.</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation. 31 May 2024</ref> Frumpentius ya zama bishop na farko na Akkum.<ref>World Economic Outlook" (PDF). IMF. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure"". Human Rights Watch. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2021.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: IMF Positive on Country's Growth Outlook". allAfrica. Retrieved 13 January 2013</ref> A tsabar kudin ya nuna 324 ya nuna cewa kasar Habasha ita ce kasa da ta biyu da ta dauki addinin Kiristanci (bayan da duk da cewa ana iya yin hakan a cikin da'irar kotu;<ref>conomic Overview". World Bank. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2016.</ref><ref>Ethiopia to launch four more industry parks within two years". Reuters. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>"With Continued Rapid Growth, Ethiopia is Poised to Become a Middle Income Country by 2025". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> Wannan shi ne babban iko na farko da yin hakan.<ref>Sze M (12 August 2019). "Ethiopia to Open Banks for Ethiopian Investors in the Diaspora". W7 News. Retrieved 14 August 2019.</ref><ref>Power generation begins at 1,870-MW Gibe III hydroelectric project in Ethiopia". www.hydroworld.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016</ref><ref>Business Corruption in Ethiopia". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014</ref> AKSUMITEITY sun kasance sumbata ga Greco-Roman da ke da mahimman dangantakar al'adu da kuma ular kasuwanci da empire da emeral, a cikin kwasfa da emerals, da kuma shigo da siliki.<ref>Eastwood V, Elbagir N (31 May 2012). "Ethiopia powers on with controversial dam project". CNN. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>Get the gangsters out of the food chain". The Economist. 7 June 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Wilkin P, Demissew S, Willis K, Woldeyes F, Davis AP, Molla EL, Janssens S, Kallow S, Berhanu A (2019). "Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple". Annals of Botany. 123 (5): 747–766. doi:10.1093/aob/mcy214. PMC 6526316. <nowiki>PMID 30715125</nowiki>.</ref> Aikin zinare a cikin 2015 shine tan 9 na awo.<ref name=":3">Tikuye E (21 January 2023). "Fixing Addis light rail may cost at least $60 million". The Reporter (Ethiopia). Retrieved 10 March 2024.</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":3" /> === Tsakanin Zamani === Babban labarin: Habasha a tsakiyar zamanai Masarautar ta karbi sunan "Ethiopia" a zamanin mulkin Ezana a karni na 4.<ref>Abir M (28 October 2013). Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. Routledge. pp. 22–70. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-136-28090-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Connel & Killion 2011, p. 160.</ref><ref>Mohammed AK (2013). The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-643-90332-7</nowiki>.</ref> Bayan cin nasarar daular Kush a shekara ta 330, yankin Aksumite ya kai kololuwarsa tsakanin karni na 5 da na 6.<ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Hassen M (2017). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300–1700. James Currey. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84701-161-9</nowiki>. OCLC 962017017.</ref> An katse wannan lokacin ta hanyar kutse da dama cikin yankin kariyar Larabawa ta Kudu,<ref>Pankhurst 1997, p. 301</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: The Trials of the Christian Kingdom and the Decline of Imperial Power ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_02"". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries"</ref> gami da Dhu Nuwas na Yahudawa na Masarautar Himyarite da yaƙe-yaƙe na Aksumite-Farisiya.<ref>Cohen L (2009). The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-05892-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Latin Letters of Jesuits -Wendy Laura Belcher". wendybelcher.com. Retrieved 4 February 2022</ref><ref>Parfitt R (17 January 2019). The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-316-51519-8</nowiki>.</ref> A shekara ta 575, Aksumiyawa sun kewaye birnin Sana'a suka sake mamaye birnin bayan kashe gwamnanta Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan.<ref>Berndl K (2005). National Geographic Visual History of the World. National Geographic Society. p. 333. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7922-3695-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Getamun, City of Gondar, p. 5</ref><ref>See Solomon Getamun, History of the City of Gondar (Africa World Press, 2005), pp.1–4</ref> An bar Bahar Maliya ga Khalifancin Rashidun a shekara ta 646,<ref>Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 297f</ref><ref>Gondar Period". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</ref><ref>Pankhurst, Richard (1967). The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 139–143.</ref> kuma musulmin Larabawa sun wawashe birnin Adulis mai tashar jiragen ruwa a karni na 8; tare da lalata ƙasa da ba za a iya jurewa ba, da'awar sauyin yanayi da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci daga 730 zuwa 760,<ref>Political Program of the Oromo People's Congress (OPC)". Gargaaraoromopc.org. 23 April 1996. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Middleton J (1 June 2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. pp. 39–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-45158-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Tibebu T (June 2018). "Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.279. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4</nowiki>.</ref> waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da mulkin ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci.<ref>Keller EJ (2005). "Making and Remaking State and Nation in Ethiopia". In Laremont RR (ed.). Borders, Nationalism, and the African State (PDF). Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 89–92. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-58826-340-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018.</ref><ref>The Egyptians in Abyssinia Archived 26 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Vislardica.com. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref> Aksum ya zo karshe a shekara ta 960 lokacin da Sarauniya Gudit ta yi nasara akan sarkin Aksum na karshe.<ref>Caulk R (1971). "The Occupation of Harar: January 1887". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 9 (2): 1–20. JSTOR 41967469.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref><ref>International Crisis Group, "Ethnic Federalism and its Discontents". Issue 153 of ''ICG Africa'' report (4 September 2009) p. 2; Italy lost over 4,600 nationals in this battle.</ref> A sakamakon haka, ragowar al'ummar Aksumiyya su koma yankin kudancin kasar, su kafa daular Zagwe, suka canza babban birninsu zuwa Lalibela.<ref>Negash, Tekeste. Eritrea and Ethiopia : The Federal Experience. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2005) <nowiki>ISBN 1-56000-992-6</nowiki> pp. 13–14</ref><ref>Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst". Time. 21 December 1987</ref><ref>Pankhurst R (1966). "The Great Ethiopian Famine of 1888–1892: A New Assessment". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 21 (2): 95–124.</ref> Mulkin Zagwe ya ƙare lokacin da wani babban mutum mai daraja na Amhara Yekuno Amlak ya yi tawaye ga Sarki Yetbarak kuma ya kafa daular Habasha (wanda aka sani da "Abyssinia").<ref>Broich T (2017). "U.S. and Soviet Foreign Aid during the Cold War – A Case Study of Ethiopia". The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2018.</ref><ref>Asnake Kefale, Tomasz Kamusella and Christopher Van der Beken. 2021. Eurasian Empires as Blueprints for Ethiopia: From Ethnolinguistic Nation-State to Multiethnic Federation. London: Routledge, pp. 23–34</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher (2005) "Ḫaylä Śəllase" in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1062–1063.</ref> Biete Medhane Alem, wanda aka gina a zamanin daular Zagwe a tsakiyar zamanai Daular Habasha ta fara fadada yankunan karkashin jagorancin Amda Seyon I.<ref>Tibebu T (1995). The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974. RedSeaPr. p. 145. <nowiki>ISBN 1569020019</nowiki>.</ref><ref>(1963) Haile Selassie, "Towards African Unity"". BlackPast.org. 7 August 2009</ref><ref>Will arms ban slow war?". BBC News. 18 May 2000. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>Clapham, "Ḫaylä Śəllase", Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, p. 1063.</ref> Ya kaddamar da yakin yaki da makiya musulmi na gabas, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi a cikin ma'auni wajen nuna goyon baya ga kiristoci tsawon shekaru biyu masu zuwa.<ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21</ref> Bayan nasarar yakin gabas da Amda Seyon ya yi, akasarin sarakunan musulmi a yankin kahon Afirka sun shiga karkashin mulkin daular Habasha.<ref>REMOVAL IS QUIET". The New York Times. Reuters. 13 September 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief". The New York Times. Reuters. 24 November 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref> An miƙe daga Gojjam zuwa gabar tekun Somaliya a cikin Zelia.<ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref> Daga cikin wadannan al'ummomin musulmi akwai masarautar Ifat. A zamanin sarki Zara Yaqob,<ref>Dagne HG (2006). The commitment of the German Democratic Republic in Ethiopia: a study based on Ethiopian sources. London: Global Lit. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-8258-9535-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>Oberdorfer D (March 1978). "The Superpowers and the Ogaden War". The Washington Post.</ref> daular Habasha ta kai kololuwarta.<ref>US admits helping Mengistu escape". BBC. 22 December 1999. Retrieved 13 December 2017</ref><ref>The Black Book of Communism, pp. 687–95</ref><ref>Ottaway DB (21 March 1979). "Addis Ababa Emerges From a Long, Bloody War". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref> Mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar mallakar yankuna daga sarakunan farko,<ref>Katz DR (21 September 1978). "Ethiopia After the Revolution: Vultures in the Land of Sheba". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref><ref>Stapleton TJ (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4408-3052-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections</ref> da kula da gina majami'u da gidajen ibada da yawa, haɓaka wallafe-wallafe da fasaha, da ƙarfafa ikon daular tsakiya.<ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections.</ref><ref>Crowell Anderson-Jaquest T (May 2002). "Restructuring the Soviet–Ethiopian Relationship: A Csse Study in Asymmetric Exchange" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science.</ref><ref>Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Mengistu Haile Mariam Interview (1990), 13 June 2020, retrieved 17 June 2021</ref> Magajin Ifat, Adal Sultanate,<ref>Tessema S (November 2017). "ADDIS ABABA". Anadolu Agency.</ref><ref>War 'devastated' Ethiopian economy". BBC News. 7 August 2001. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia and Eritrea declare end of war". BBC News. 9 July 2018.</ref> ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci Habasha a lokacin yaƙin Habasha-Adal, amma a ƙarshe an ci nasara a yakin Wayna Daga 1543.<ref>Why a photo of Mengistu has proved so controversial". BBC News. August 2018</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, pp. 121–23</ref><ref>Article 5" (PDF). Ethiopian Constitution. WIPO. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> A karni na 16, kwararowar 'yan kabilar Oromo zuwa sassan arewacin yankin ya wargaza karfin daular.<ref>Ahmed H, Goldstein J (24 September 2018). "Thousands Are Arrested in Ethiopia After Ethnic Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref>"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence". The Daily Star. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018</ref><ref>12 killed in latest attack in western Ethiopia". News24. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref> Da suka taso daga yankin Guji da Borena a yau, Oromos sun sami ƙwarin guiwa ne da ra'ayoyi da yawa na al'ada - tun daga Moggaasaa<ref>Fano Will Not Lay Down Arms If Demands Are Not Met: Chairman, retrieved 28 March 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopian parliament allows PM Abiy to stay in office beyond term". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 10 September 2020.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election". France 24. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020</ref> da Liqimssa - waɗanda yawancinsu ke da alaƙa da farmakin da suka kai. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa gada na Meslé.<ref>"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rockets hit outskirts of Eritrea capital". BBC News. 15 November 2020.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rights commission to investigate 'mass killings'". BBC News. 14 November 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Tigray leader confirms bombing Eritrean capital". Al-Jazeera. 15 November 2020</ref> A cewar Abba Bahrey, farkon fadada ya faru ne a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Dawit II (luba Melbah),<ref>Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers". The Globe and Mail. 15 March 2022.</ref><ref>Chothia F, Bekit T (19 October 2022). "Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022</ref><ref>Amhara conflict: Ethiopians massacred in their homes by government troops". 13 February 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> lokacin da suka mamaye Bale kafin su mamaye Adal Sultanate.<ref>Account (16 February 2024). "Statement on the Indiscriminate Massacre of the Residents of Merawi in Ethiopia". Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref><ref>CIA World Factbook – Rank Order – Area". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2008.</ref><ref>UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre</ref> Habasha ta ga babban huldar diflomasiyya da Portugal daga karni na 17, galibin alaka da addini. Tun daga 1555,<ref>Does It Snow In Ethiopia [Winter Travel]". 15 January 2023</ref><ref>While Egypt Struggles, Ethiopia Builds over the Blue Nile: Controversies and the Way Forward". Brookings.edu</ref><ref>Misiani HO, Finney DL, Segele ZT, Marsham JH, Tadege A, Artan G, Atheru Z (12 December 2020). "Circulation Patterns Associated with Current and Future Rainfall over Ethiopia and South Sudan from a Convection-Permitting Model". Atmosphere. 11 (12): 1352.</ref> Jesuits Portuguese sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka Roman Katolika a matsayin addinin jiha. Bayan gazawa da yawa, sun aika da masu mishan da yawa a cikin 1603,<ref>Ethiopia, Climate Change and Migration: A little more knowledge and a more nuanced perspective could greatly benefit thinking on policy – Ethiopia". ReliefWeb. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2020.</ref><ref>Dahir AL (5 March 2019). "Ethiopia is launching a global crowdfunding campaign to give its capital a green facelift". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Ethiopia PM hosts 'most expensive dinner'". 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref> ciki har da wanda ya fi tasiri, Mutanen Espanya Jesuit Pedro Paez.<ref>AfricaNews (14 May 2019). "Ethiopia PM raises over $25m for project to beautify Addis Ababa". Africanews. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Addisstandard (25 April 2019). "News: China's reprieve on interest-free loan only". Addis Standard. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Bicyclus, Site of Markku Savela</ref> A karkashin sarki Susenyos na I, Roman Katolika ya zama addinin daular Habasha a shekara ta 1622.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>United Nations Statistics Division, Millennium Development Goals indicators: Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), thousand tonnes of CO2 (collected by CDIAC) Human-produced, direct emissions of carbon dioxide only. Excludes other greenhouse gases; land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF); and natural background flows of CO2 (See also: Carbon cycle)</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Nations. Ethiopia Environment</ref> Wannan shawarar ta haifar da tashin hankali daga al'ummar Orthodox.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>Massicot, Paul (2005). Animal Info-Ethiopia.</ref><ref>Khoury CK, Achicanoy HA, Bjorkman AD, Navarro-Racines C, Guarino L, Flores-Palacios X, Engels JM, Wiersema JH, Dempewolf H (15 June 2016). "Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide". Proc. R. Soc. B. 283 (1832): 20160792. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0792. PMC 4920324.</ref><gallery> File:Ethopia Map-Konkani Vishwakosh.jpg|[[Fayil:Ethiopia 2012 (6904150641).jpg|thumb|ginin itofiya]]Taswiran Kasar Etofiya a zamanin da<ref>Lewis IM (27 August 1976). "The peoples and cultures of Ethiopia". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 194 (1114): 7–16. Bibcode:1976RSPSB.194....7L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1976.0061. ISSN 0080-4649. <nowiki>PMID 11482</nowiki>. S2CID 46723065.</ref> File:Chamber of Columns, Sof Omar Caves.jpg|Tsohon hoto a kasar ta Etofiya File:PR-CN-1972-185-Box-2-14 (35216667131).jpg|Sojan kasar Etofiya da shugaban kasa File:Gragne.jpg| Sassaken Gragne akan doki Fayil:Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:LocationEthiopia.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia relief location map.jpg|Map din itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia rainfall and seasons.png|Lokacin damuna a itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia flag black and white.jpg|Tutar itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|Itofiya File:Ethiopian Airlines A350 ET-ATQ.jpg| Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wassan alada a Itofiya Fayil:Sunrise at Ethiopia´s salt flats.jpg|Faduwar Rana itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wasanni a itofiya Fayil:A Step Forward, Ethiopia (13599989815).jpg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia - Lake Assale.jpg|Ruwan itofiya </gallery> == Habasha da Musulunci == Kasar habasha ita ce kasa ta farko da ta kare [[musulmin]] farko da su ka tsira daga arnan [[makka]],<ref>Liddell HG, Scott R. "Aithiops". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Schoff WH (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 62. Retrieved 28 September 2016.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref> da kyakkyawar dangantakar da take tsakanin musulmai da habasha a zamanin Annabi Muhammad (S. A. W)<ref>Ansari A (7 October 2009). "Oldest human skeleton offers new clues to evolution". CNN.com/technology. Retrieved 2 March 2011.</ref><ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Mother of man – 3.2 million years ago". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2009</ref> [[Manzon Allah|manzon Allah,]] amma ta soma wargajewa tsakanin habasha da kasashen musulinci a zamanin [[Umar dan khaddab]] yardar Allah ta Kara tabbata a ga reshi,<ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Institute of Human Origins: Lucy's Story". 15 June 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2017</ref><ref>Mcdougall I, Brown H, Fleagle G (February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–36. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. <nowiki>PMID 15716951</nowiki>. S2CID 1454595.</ref> a wannan lokacin habashawa suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a tashar jirgin ruwa ta [[jidda]] kasar [[saudiyya]] abin da yasa musulmai suka maida martani.<ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>Callaway E (7 June 2017). "Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22114. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</ref> A shekara ta 83 ta hijira musulmai suka kama wani birni a kusa da habasha dan su ringa lura da habashawa, a shekara ta 1510 bayan haihuwar Annabi '''Isah'''<ref>Hammond AS, Royer DF, Fleagle JG (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. Bibcode:2017JHumE.108..199H. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. <nowiki>PMID 28552208</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Zarins J (1990). "Early Pastoral Nomadism and the Settlement of Lower Mesopotamia". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 280 (280): 31–65. doi:10.2307/1357309. JSTOR 1357309. S2CID 163491760.</ref> sarauniyar habasha ta aika manzo na musamman zuwa ga aiman wail sarkin Burtugal dan saboda ya ci musulmai da yaki a taikun [[Indiya]] ta kuma nemi hadin kai daga wajan shi dan ya turamata da sojoji ta yaki [[makka]] sai ya yadda da maganarta ya turumata sojojin masu dumbin yawa ko da haka musulmai sun ci su da yaki sun kashe musu babban hafsan sojojin su,<ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Güldemann T (2018). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 311. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9</ref><ref>Campbell L (2021). Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-262-54218-0</nowiki>.</ref> amma duk da haka musulmai basusamu dama sun shiga habasha ba.<ref>Campbell L (2021). ''Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition''. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. ISBN <bdi>978-0-262-54218-0</bdi>.</ref><ref>Zimmer C (8 August 2019). "In the Ethiopian Mountains, Ancient Humans Were Living the High Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref><ref>Katz B. "Archaeologists Uncover Evidence of an Ancient High-Altitude Human Dwelling". Smithsonian. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> == Addinai == * 40% kirista<ref>Smith KN (9 August 2019). "The first people to live at high elevations snacked on giant mole rats". Ars Technica. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 45% musulunci<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019</ref> * 10% brutustan<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 5% yahudawa da wa yanda basuda addini<ref>Miehe G, Opgenoorth L, Zech W, Woldu Z, Vogelsang R, Veit H, Nemomissa S, Negash A, Nauss T (9 August 2019). "Middle Stone Age foragers resided in high elevations of the glaciated Bale Mountains, Ethiopia". Science. 365 (6453): 583–587. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..583O. doi:10.1126/science.aaw8942. ISSN 0036-8075. <nowiki>PMID 31395781</nowiki>. S2CID 199505803.</ref> '''kasashen da suke makotaka da jihohin Itofiya''' == Iyaka == Itofiya tana daya daga cikin kasashe da suke gabashin afirika tana makotaka da kasashe biyar sune :- * daga nahiyar arewaci [[Eritrea]]<ref>Sahle Y, Hutchings WK, Braun DR, Sealy JC, Morgan LE, Negash A, Atnafu B (2013). Petraglia MD (ed.). "Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78092. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878092S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092. PMC 3827237. <nowiki>PMID 24236011</nowiki>.</ref> * daga yammaci [[Sudan]] <ref>Sahle Y, Brooks AS (2018). "Assessment of complex projectiles in the early Late Pleistocene at Aduma, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216716. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416716S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216716. PMC 6508696. <nowiki>PMID 31071181</nowiki>.</ref> * daga kudanci [[Kenya]]<ref>Munro-Hay, p. 57</ref> * daga gabashin [[Somaliya]]<ref>Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.) (2005) Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, "Ge'ez". Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 732</ref> * daga arewa maso gabashin [[Jibuti]] == Jihohin kasar == [[File:Ethiopia regions numbered.png|300px|thumb|right|Bizunga ya Itofiya.]] kuma tanada jihohi goma sha daya ko wace jiha da sunan kabila mafi yawa sone:- * 1 [[Addis Ababa]] <ref>Munro-Hay, p. 13</ref> * 2 [[Afar]] <ref>Solomonic Descent in Ethiopian History". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</ref> * 3 [[Amhara]] <ref>Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2007). The history of Ethiopia. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 171. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0</nowiki>.</ref> * 4 [[Benishangul-Gumuz]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). BritishMuseum.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 5 [[Dire Dawa]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). ''BritishMuseum.org''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 6 [[Gambela]] <ref>Gold production". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2024.</ref> * 7 [[Harari]] <ref>Karl W. Butzer, "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation", American Antiquity 46, (July 1981), p. 495</ref> * 8 [[Oromia]] <ref>Kingdom of Abyssinia". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref> * 9 [[Somali]] <ref>A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe". 9 January 2022</ref> * 10 Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region<ref>Ethiopia The Zagwe Dynasty – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". photius.com. Retrieved 16 December 2021.</ref> * 11 [[Tigray]]<ref>Pankhurst R (1982). History of Ethiopian Towns. Steiner. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-515-03204-9</nowiki>.</ref> game da haka sunada bine biyu na masamman yaren [[amhari]] sune [[Adis ababa]] da [[dira dawa]]<ref>UNESCO General History of Africa. University of California Press. 3 November 1992. p. 283. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-06698-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Gondar Fasiladas Bath Timket.jpg|Jama'a sun taru a wurin wankan Fasiladas a Gondar, Habasha, don bikin Timket - Epiphany na Cocin Orthodox na Habasha. File:Dallol-2001.jpg|Dutse mai aman wuta, mai suna Dallo File:FasilidasPalaceGonder.jpg|Fadar Fasilidas, Gonder File:The Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, calling on the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh in New Delhi on November 06, 2007.jpg| prime ministan Etofiya Mr Zeles Zewani a India tare da Dr Manmohan Singh a Delhi File:Manmohan Singh with the Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. Stephen Harper, the President of South Africa, Mr. Jacob Zuma and the Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, at the plenary session of G-20 Summit, in Cannes.jpg| Su biyu da wasu shuwagabannin kasa </gallery>{{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiopia}} [[Category:kasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasar Itofiya]] e8ly7vahxib4kytgw8y26sb11mvsm7m 888120 888118 2026-07-27T15:44:30Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|thumb|Yankin itofiya a duniya]] '''Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Itofiya:''' da turanci '''''[[Ethiopian Airlines|Ethiopia]],'''''da harshen amhare ( ኢትዮጵያ )<ref>Emi I (4 March 2020). "Ethiopia to Add 4 more Official Languages to Foster Unity". Ventures Africa. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref><ref>Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts". Nazret. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Shaban A. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</ref> ada an santa da suna [[habasha]], kasa ce dake a kudancin [[Afirka]].<ref>Ethiopian Constitution". www.africa.upenn.edu</ref><ref>Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Population Census Commission. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2020.</ref><ref>"Country Level". 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. CSA. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2013</ref> Ta kasancee'yantacciyar kasa ce wadda turawan mulkin mallaka basu mulke ta ba har zuwa shekara ta (1936)<ref>Zenawism as ethnic-federalism" (PDF)</ref><ref>"Is Ethiopia Democratic? A Bureaucratic Authoritarian Regime". Journal of Democracy. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref><ref>Ethiopia- The World Factbook". www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 19 July 2021.</ref> sai sojojin [[Italiya]] suka fada cikin kasar amma 'yan kasar suka yi taron-dangi da sojojin [[Birtaniya]] suka kori sojojin [[Italiya]] a shekara ta, (1941)<ref>Population Size by Sex, Area and Density by Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2024" (PDF). ess.gov.et. Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS). Retrieved 3 June 2025.</ref><ref>"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Ethiopia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref> amma batasamu 'yancin kanta ba sai da kasar [[ingila]] tasa mata hannu a shekara ta [[1944|(1944]].)<ref>"Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021</ref><ref>Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. 8 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</ref><ref>UNESCO - Ethiopian epiphany". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Haplic Fluvisol in Sinkata Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Yara kewa sa]] A cikin ƙarni na bakwai kafin haifuwar [[Annabi Isah]] habashawa sun musu masarauta Aksum a gefan,<ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2022. (Archived 2022 edition.)</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 5 April 2021.</ref><ref>Kessler DF (2012). The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-283-70872-2</nowiki>. OCLC 819506475.</ref> kogin [[maliya]] babban birnita Aksum a yanzu ansanta da Eritrea kuma a shekara ta (500)<ref>Hopkin M (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-10. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref><ref>Li J, Absher D, Tang H, Southwick A, Casto A, Ramachandran S, Cann H, Barsh G, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza L, Myers R (2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science. 319 (5866): 1100–04. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. <nowiki>PMID 18292342</nowiki>. S2CID 53541133.</ref><ref>Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says". Bloomberg News. 21 February 2008. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> kafin haifuwar annabi Isah manoma da 'yan kasuwanci da suka zo daga ƙasashen [[larabawa]] suka hadu suka yi musu yare daya kuma suka dai-dai ta rubutun su,<ref>Kaplan K (21 February 2008). "Around the world from Addis Ababa". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Abbink J (1998). "An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 11 (2): 109–124. doi:10.1080/13696819808717830. hdl:1887/9486. ISSN 1369-6815. JSTOR 1771876.</ref><ref>Moore DH (1936). "Christianity in Ethiopia". Church History. 5 (3): 271–284. doi:10.2307/3160789. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3160789. S2CID 162029676.</ref> a tsakiyar ƙarni na hudu se sarki Izana ya shiga tare da 'yan cerci ta [[Misra]],<ref>Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia" (PDF). 12 April 2022</ref><ref>BBC Staff (3 November 2020). "Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state". BBC. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</ref><ref>"Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS". Daily News Egypt. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref> a karni na bakwai bayan haifuwar '''annabi isah (A.S.W)''' kogin [[maliya]] yazama a hannun musulmai,<ref>Africa S (29 August 2020). "Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower". SomTribune. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref>5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch". World Economic Forum. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref name=":0">Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 23 December 2021</ref><ref name=":0" /> sai Aksum ta rasa kasuwancin ta da alakar ta da taikun [[Indiya]],<ref>"GAL country profile - Ethiopia" (PDF). www.uil.unesco.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025</ref><ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref> a karni na goma sai masarautar Aksum ta ruguje tazama tare da wane cerci na '''Ethiopia''' a shekara ta 800 bayan haifuwar '''annabi Isah''' manoma suka kama biya inshura ga gwamnati kuma suna gina curci curcin da suka fadi har yanzu da kuma sauran su,<ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref><ref>Africa Geoscience Review, Volume 10. Rock View International. 2003. p. 366. Retrieved 9 August 2014.</ref><ref>Bekerie A (2004). "Ethiopica: Some Historical Reflections on the Origin of the Word Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 1 (2): 110–121. ISSN 1543-4133. JSTOR 27828841.</ref> a da Ethiopia ma'anarta konannar fuska ko bakar fuska.<ref>Homer, Odyssey 1.22–4.</ref><ref>Hatke G (2013). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. pp. 52–53. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8147-6066-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Cp. Ezekiel 29:10</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Habasha ta yi rajista mafi saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Meles Zenawi.<ref>"Ethio Telecom forecasts 19% rise in revenue in 2023/24". Reuters. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024</ref><ref>'''^''' ''The Economist'' 22 May 2010, page 49</ref><ref>Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow". BBC. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</ref> A cewar IMF, Habasha na daya daga cikin kasashe masu saurin bunkasar tattalin arziki a duniya, inda ta yi rijista sama da kashi 10 cikin 100 na bunkasuwar tattalin arziki daga 2004 zuwa 2009.<ref name=":4">Stylianou N. "Coffee under threat". BBC News</ref><ref>Cook R (2 September 2015). "World Cattle Inventory: Ranking of countries (FAO) | Cattle Network". www.cattlenetwork.com. Farm Journal. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ita ce tattalin arzikin Afirka mafi saurin bunƙasa ba tare da dogaro da mai ba a cikin shekarun 2007 zuwa 2008.<ref>Ethiopia's flower trade in full bloom". Mail & Guardian. 19 February 2006. Archived from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007. Floriculture has become a flourishing business in Ethiopia in the past five years, with the industry's exports earnings set to grow to $100-million by 2007, a five-fold increase on the $20-million earned in 2005. Ethiopian flower exports could generate an estimated $300-million within two to three years, according to the head of the government export-promotion department, Melaku Legesse.</ref><ref>Averill V (31 May 2007). "Ethiopia's designs on leather trade". BBC. Retrieved 21 June 2007. The label inside the luxuriously soft black leather handbag reads Taytu: Made In Ethiopia. But the embroidered print on the outside, the chunky bronze rings attached to the fashionably short straps and the oversized "it" bag status all scream designer chic.</ref><ref>Pavanello, Sara 2010. Working across borders – Harnessing the potential of cross-border activities to improve livelihood security in the Horn of Africa drylands Archived 12 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. London: Overseas Development Institute</ref> A cikin shekarar 2015, Bankin Duniya ya nuna cewa Habasha ta sami saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin tare da haɓakar ainihin kayan cikin gida (GDP) a matsakaicin 10.9% tsakanin 2004 da 2014.<ref>"Largest hydro electric power plant goes smoothly". English.people.com.cn. 12 April 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2010.</ref><ref>Hydroelectric Power Plant built". Addistribune.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>"The "white oil" of Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.. ethiopianreporter.com</ref> A cikin Shekara ta 2008 da 2011, ayyukan ci gaban Habasha da ci gaban da aka samu sun fuskanci ƙalubale sakamakon hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da mawuyacin halin ma'auni na biyan kuɗi.<ref>Project Summary". AKH Project owners. January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopia–Djibouti electric railway line opens". railwaygazette.com. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</ref><ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref> Haɓakar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya haura zuwa kashi 40 cikin 100 a watan Agustan 2011 saboda rashin daidaiton manufofin kuɗi, ƙarin ƙarin albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati a farkon 2011, da tsadar abinci.<ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref><ref>"Zeresenay Alemseged – National Geographic Society". www.nationalgeographic.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref> Duk da saurin bunƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, GDP na kowane mutum yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya, kuma tattalin arzikin yana fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa na tsarin. Dangane da bayanan baya-bayan nan daga shekarar 2019,<ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref><ref>Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref><ref>"Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref> kashi 68.7% na yawan jama'a suna fama da talauci da yawa da kuma ƙarin 18.4% masu rauni zuwa gare shi.<ref>Ethiopian Traditional Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs". EthnoMed. Retrieved 31 January 2022.</ref><ref>Explore All Countries – Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2021. landlocked – entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref> Tare da sanya hannun jari mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan jama'a da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, Habasha tana ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin tsarinta ta zama cibiyar samar da haske a Afirka.<ref>Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005.</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref><ref name=":5">Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":5" /> A cikin 2019 an zartar da wata doka da ta ba wa 'yan Habasha 'yan gudun hijira damar saka hannun jari a masana'antar hidimar hada-hadar kudi ta Habasha.<ref>World Refugee Survey 2008". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.</ref><ref>Racin, L. (4 March 2008) "Future Shock: How Environmental Change and Human Impact Are Changing the Global Map". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.</ref><ref>Ofcansky, T and Berry, L. "Ethiopia: A Country Study". Edited by Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Countrystudies.us</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Habasha ya fayyace cewa ‘yancin mallakar filaye na “jahar da jama’a ne kawai”, amma ‘yan kasar na iya yin hayar filaye har na tsawon shekaru 99,<ref>Shivley, K. "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</ref><ref>Belete A (1991). "Development of agriculture in Ethiopia since the 1975 land reform" (PDF). Agricultural Economics. 6 (2): 159–75. doi:10.1016/0169-5150(91)90022-D (inactive 19 January 2025).</ref><ref>Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017". Government of Ethiopia. Retrieved 20 April 2016.</ref> amma ba za su iya yin jinginar gida ko sayarwa ba. Ana ba da izinin yin hayar filaye na tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma ana tsammanin wannan zai tabbatar da cewa ƙasar ta tafi ga mafi yawan masu amfani. Ana daukar rabon filaye da gudanar da mulki a matsayin wani yanki da aka kafa cin hanci da rashawa,<ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Poverty in Ethiopia Down 33 Percent Since 2000". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> kuma sau da yawa ana neman biyan sauƙaƙawa da kuma cin hanci lokacin da ake fuskantar al’amuran da suka shafi ƙasa.<ref>Condominium housing in Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 4 January 2017</ref><ref>Glottolog 4.8 - Languages of Ethiopia". glottolog.org. Retrieved 30 August 2023.</ref><ref>Languages of Ethiopia". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</ref> Da yake babu mallakar filaye, ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa galibi ana yin su ne kawai ba tare da tambayar masu amfani da filaye ba,<ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>FDRE. "Federal Negarit Gazeta Establishment Proclamation" (PDF). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2021.</ref><ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref> wanda daga nan sai a koma gudun hijira ba tare da gida ko fili ba. Yawan fushi da rashin yarda wani lokaci yakan haifar da zanga-zangar jama'a.<ref name=":6">Fattovich, Rodolfo (2003) "Akkälä Guzay" in von Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Weissbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, p.169.</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>Mpoche, Kizitus, Mbuh, Tennu, eds. (2006). Language, literature, and identity. Cuvillier. pp. 163–64. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-86537-839-2</nowiki>.</ref> Bugu da kari, amfanin noma ya ragu sosai, kuma har yanzu ana fama da fari da yawa a kasar, wanda hakan ke haddasa rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin gida.<ref>"Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 10 November 2006</ref><ref>Abegaz B (1 June 2005). "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" (PDF). Retrieved 27 July 2017.</ref><ref>Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013</ref> == Makamashi da wutar lantarki == Habasha na da manyan koguna 14 da ke kwarara daga tsaunukanta, ciki har da kogin Nilu. Tana da mafi girman wuraren ajiyar ruwa a Afirka.<ref>Davis LD (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. p. 342. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8146-5616-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The History of Ethiopian Jews". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Thomas P Ofcansky LB (2004). Ethiopia: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 130–41. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4191-1857-9</nowiki>.</ref> Ya zuwa 2012, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki suna wakiltar kusan kashi 88.2% na jimillar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>(Kater, 2000)</ref><ref>(Dorman et al., 2009, p. 622).</ref><ref name=":7">Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":7" /> Babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha da aka gina tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2023, wanda zai zama madatsar ruwa mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref>"WaterAid UK – Where we work – Ethiopia"</ref><ref>Ethiopia – Health and Welfare". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> An samar da ragowar wutar lantarki daga burbushin mai (8.3%) da hanyoyin sabunta (3.6%). Adadin wutar lantarki na jimillar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2016 ya kai kashi 42%, tare da kashi 85% a cikin birane da kuma kashi 26% a yankunan karkara. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016,<ref>Global distribution of health workers in WHO Member States" (PDF). The World Health Report 2006. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Ethiopia". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 9 September 2015.</ref><ref>Hanlon C, Eshetu T, Alemayehu D, Fekadu A, Semrau M, Thornicroft G, Kigozi F, Marais DL, Petersen I, Alem A (8 June 2017). "Health system governance to support scale up of mental health care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study". International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 11: 38. doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0144-4. PMC 5465569. <nowiki>PMID 28603550</nowiki>.</ref> jimlar samar da wutar lantarki ya kai TW⋅h 11.15 kuma ana amfani da shi ya kai 9.062 TW⋅h. An fitar da wutar lantarki 0.166 TW⋅h, da 0 kW⋅h da aka shigo da su, da kuma 2.784 GW na karfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>Teferra D, Altbach PG (2003). African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook. Indiana University Press. pp. 316–25. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-253-34186-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref><ref>Education in Ethiopia". WENR. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2022.</ref> Habasha tana isar da kusan kashi 81% na yawan ruwa zuwa kogin Nilu ta cikin kogin Blue Nile, kogin Sobat da Atbara.<ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref><ref>"Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref> A shekara ta 1959, Masar da Sudan sun rattaba hannu kan wata yerjejeniya ta kasashen biyu, yarjejeniyar ruwan Nilu ta shekarar 1959,<ref>Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref name=":8">The 20th century has resulted in Ethiopia connecting towards the world with students of art learning the styles of western art, most notably Afewerk Tekle a laureate and others during the end of Menelik's reign and other monarchs right after</ref><ref name=":8" /> wadda ta bai wa kasashen biyu ‘yancin kan ruwa na ruwan Nilu.<ref>Ethiopia has produced many reputable contemporary painters and muralists, most notable among whom is Laureate Afewerk Tekle</ref><ref>Lalibela was mainly built as a 'new Jerusalem' for Ethiopian pilgrims set to go to Jerusalem nonetheless barred from by Muslim conquests [1] [2] [3]</ref><ref>"The Use of DMT in Early Masonic Ritual". Reality Sandwich. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref> Tun daga lokacin, Masar ta hana kusan dukkan ayyukan da ake yi a Habasha da ke neman amfani da magudanan ruwan Nilu na cikin gida.<ref>"Architecture of Aksun and Lalibela". kolibri.teacherinabox.org.au. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</ref><ref>Marilyn Eiseman Heldman, Frē Ṣeyon (1994). The Marian Icons of the Painter Frē Ṣeyon: A Study of Fifteenth-century Ethiopian Art, Patronage, and Spirituality. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 75. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-03540-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Nosnitsin D (2012). "Ethiopian Manuscripts and Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. A brief Overview and Evaluation". Gazette du livre médiéval. 58 (1): 1–16. doi:10.3406/galim.2012.1993.</ref> Wannan ya yi tasiri wajen hana tallafin samar da wutar lantarki daga waje da ayyukan ban ruwa a yammacin Habasha,<ref name=":9">Smidt WG (2015). "Gorgoryos and Ludolf: The Ethiopian and German Fore-Fathers of Ethiopian Studies: An Ethiopian scholar's 1652 visit to Thuringia" (PDF). ITYOP̣IS: Northeast African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":9" /><ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195</ref> wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan raya tattalin arziki na tushen albarkatun ruwa. Sai dai kasar Habasha na shirin gina wani katafaren madatsar ruwa mai karfin megawatt 6,450 a kogin Blue Nile.<ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195.</ref><ref>Getachew F (2 March 2015). "Ethiopia: Haddis Alemayehu - the Unique Personality in Ethiopian Literature". The Ethiopian Herald.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "20 Of The Best Poets And Poems of Ethiopia (Qene included) — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 18 December 2021.</ref> An kammala shi a shekara ta 2023, wannan babbar madatsar ruwa ta Habasha za ta kasance tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Tekle A (1994). Eritrea and Ethiopia: from conflict to cooperation. The Red Sea Press. p. 197. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-932415-97-4</nowiki>. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan have significant similarities emanating not only from culture, religion, traditions, history and aspirations ... They appreciate similar foods and spices, beverages and sweets, fabrics and tapestry, lyrics and music, and jewellery and fragrances.</ref><ref>Abdullahi MD (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2</nowiki>. Somali music, a unique kind of music that might be mistaken at first for music from nearby countries such as Ethiopia, the Sudan, or even Arabia, can be recognized by its own tunes and styles.</ref><ref>About St. Yared – St. Yared Ethiopian Cuisine & Coffeehaus – Indianapolis IN". www.styaredcuisine.com. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</ref> Aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Gibe III ya zuwa yanzu shi ne mafi girma a kasar tare da samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 1,870. A cikin shekara ta 2017-18 (2010 E.C)<ref>Page WF (2001). Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2. Facts on File. p. 230. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8160-4472-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "Music in Ethiopia — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Page WF (2001). ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2''. Facts on File. p. 230. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8160-4472-6</bdi>.</ref> wannan madatsar ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta samar da 4,900 GW⋅h.[245] === Tsufa === === Manyan labaran: D'mt da Mulkin Aksum === === Kudin Akshaye === A cikin 980 BC, an kafa D'Mt a cikin Are Eritrea da kuma arewacin Ethiopia a yankin Tigray,<ref>Mongabay.com Ethiopia statistics. (n.d). Retrieved 18 November 2006, from Rainforests.mongabay.com</ref><ref>Grantham HS, Duncan A, Evans TD, Jones KR, Beyer HL, Schuster R, Walston J, Ray JC, Robinson JG, Callow M, Clements T, Costa HM, DeGemmis A, Elsen PR, Ervin J, Franco P, Goldman E, Goetz S, Hansen A, Hofsvang E, Jantz P, Jupiter S, Kang A, Langhammer P, Laurance WF, Lieberman S, Linkie M, Malhi Y, Maxwell S, Mendez M, Mittermeier R, Murray NJ, Possingham H, Radachowsky J, Saatchi S, Samper C, Silverman J, Shapiro A, Strassburg B, Stevens T, Stokes E, Taylor R, Tear T, Tizard R, Venter O, Visconti P, Wang S, Watson JE (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. <nowiki>PMID 33293507</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Environmental Profile". Mongabay. 4 February 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</ref> kuma an yi imani da cewa yanayin da zai gaje ya zama magaji ya zama magajinsa.<ref>Parry, J (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved 22 November 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).</ref><ref>See Federal High Court Establishment Proclamation No.322/2003. Federal High Courts have been placed in the following states: Afar, Benshngul/Gumuz, Gambela, Somali, and SNNPR.</ref><ref>Iyyer C (2009). Land Management: Challenges & Strategies. Global India Publications. p. 16. <nowiki>ISBN 978-93-80228-48-8</nowiki>.</ref> Wannan babban birnin kasar da aka samu a Yeha a cikin menene yanzu yanzu Habasha.<ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, as amended by Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 138/1998, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 254/2001, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 321/2003, and Federal Courts Proclamation (Reamendment) Proclamation 454/2005 (Federal Courts Proclamation), Article 24(3).</ref><ref>Constitution of Ethiopia – 8 December 1994". Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.</ref><ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, Article 3.</ref> Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi la'akari da wannan wayewar dan adam dan kasar Habasha na asalin kasar, kodayake a farkon lokacin da suka ba da gudummawa saboda yawan tasirin Bahar Maliya.<ref>Ethiopia – Country Governance Profile EN.pdf. OSGE and OREB. March 2009. p. 14.</ref><ref>Ethiopia | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2015". freedomhouse.org. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, p. 142</ref> Sauran malamai sun dauki matsayin wata kungiyar al'adun afroasicic da rassan da ke magana da kayayyaki da kuma semitic; Wato,<ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles has died: state television". Reuters. 21 August 2012.</ref><ref>Map of Freedom 2007". Freedom House. 2007. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2007.</ref><ref>Lough R (22 August 2012). "Ethiopia acting PM to remain at helm until 2015". Reuters.</ref> jama'ar lard na gida da Sabaenans daga Kudancin Arabia. Duk da haka, Geez,<ref>Malone B (27 May 2015). "Profile: Ethiopia's 'placeholder' PM quietly holds on". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 July 2015.</ref><ref>Maasho A (8 August 2016). "At least 33 protesters killed in Ethiopia's Oromiya region: opposition". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":1">"Ethiopia declares state of emergency". BBC News. 16 February 2018.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> tsohon Semit Harshen Habasha na Habasha na Habasha, ana tunanin ya haɓaka da kansa daga yaren Sabaenan.<ref>"Six million children threatened by Ethiopia drought: UN". Terradaily.com. Retrieved 16 March 200</ref> A farkon rabin 2000 BC, sauran masu magana da Semitic suna zaune a Habasha da Eritrea inda Gealz ya kirkira. <ref>AfricaNews. "Ethiopia declares 6 months state of emergency over Oromia protests | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 7 November 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister wins the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize". CNN News. 16 October 2019</ref><ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref> Yanzu haka Sabaea ya kasance yana tunanin ya kasance ƙarami,<ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). p.17. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Country Profile". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ottaway M (1995). "The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New Authoritarianism?". Northeast African Studies. 2 (3): 67–84. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0028. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 41931114.</ref> iyakance ga wasu ƙananan yankuna, kuma ya ɓace bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ko karni.<ref>Failure to Stand for Democracy in Ethiopia Has Weakened Democracy Worldwide". The Institute for Peace and Diplomacy - l’Institut pour la paix et la diplomatie. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref> Wataƙila mulkin ciniki ne ko kuma mallaka na soja cikin Alliance tare da Wuta ta Habasha ko kuma wasu ƙasashen Preto-Axumite.<ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Gedamu Y (16 June 2020). "Abiy put Ethiopia on the road to democracy: but major obstacles still stand in the way". The Conversation. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Mulatu Wubneh (2017). "Ethnic Identity Politics and the Restructuring of Administrative Units in Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 11 (1 & 2): 105–138. JSTOR 26586251</ref> Daular Axum a ganiya a karni na 6 Bayan faɗuwar D'Mt a karni na 4 BC, filin duniya Filato ya zo da mulkin magazarta.<ref>Ethiopia Political Map and Regions | Mappr". www.mappr.co. 14 January 2019</ref><ref>Vértesy L, Lemango T (2022). "Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia". De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico. XIII (1–2): 62–75. ISSN 1789-0446 – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Land of Punt". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 29 January 2022.</ref> A cikin karni na 1 AD, mulkin Aksharum ya fito a cikin abin da yake yanzu yankin Tigray da Eritrea.<ref>The political history of the Ethiopian community, and their struggle for ownership of this small monastery, is retold in Chris Proutky, Empress Taytu and Menelik II (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 247–256</ref><ref>"Ethiopia – Agoa.info – African Growth and Opportunity Act". agoa.info. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</ref><ref>Although Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), believes that the Suez Canal brought strategic value to the Red Sea region (p. 73), Sven Rubenson, The Survival of Ethiopian Independence (Hollywood: Tsehai,1991) argues that only with the Mahdi War did the United Kingdom interest themselves once again in Ethiopia (pp. 283ff).</ref> A cewar littafin Axum, babban babban babban babban birnin farko, Itiyopis, ɗan Cush.<ref>Gregory W. "Obama Becomes First Sitting U.S. President To Visit Ethiopia". National Public Radio. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</ref><ref>Onyulo T (26 July 2015). "Obama visit highlights Ethiopia's role in fighting Islamist terrorists". USA Today.</ref><ref>"Decision on the Report of the Fifth Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee on Defence, Security and Safety Doc. EX.CL/698(XX)" (PDF). African Union. Retrieved 14 August 2024</ref> Daga baya ya mika akmarinum a baya a wasu lokata a wannan gefen Bahar Maliya.<ref>Walsh D (9 February 2020). "For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020.</ref><ref>An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam". Quartz. 27 June 2020.</ref><ref>Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 15 July 2020.</ref> A cikin Peran Annabi Mani da aka lissafa Axum tare da Rome, Farisa,<ref>Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref> da China a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan iko guda hudu na zamanin sa, a cikin karni na 3.<ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023.</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref> An kuma yi imani da cewa akwai wata alaka tsakanin majami'u na Masarawa.<ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>"Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020.</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</ref> Akwai tabbataccen shaida cewa Akshumite suna da alaƙa da Sarauniyar Sheba, ta hanyar rubutun sarauta.<ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk</ref><ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023</ref> Forawa 316 AD, FRUMEMIUS da ɗan'uwansa Edesius daga Taya tare da kawunsu a kan Habasha zuwa Habasha.<ref name=":2">Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /> Lokacin da tukunyar ta tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa mai launin tekun, da natifa suka kashe masu tafiyar matafiya sai dai 'yan'uwan biyu biyu, waɗanda aka kai a kotu a matsayin bayi.<ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Sanarwar amintattu ne suka bashe su, suka musulunta a kori shugaban sarki ya yi karatun Kiristanci.<ref>USA I (August 2013). Ethiopia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Lulu.com. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4387-6981-3</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Federal Police" (PDF). FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA. 29 June 2022.</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation. 31 May 2024</ref> Frumpentius ya zama bishop na farko na Akkum.<ref>World Economic Outlook" (PDF). IMF. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure"". Human Rights Watch. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2021.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: IMF Positive on Country's Growth Outlook". allAfrica. Retrieved 13 January 2013</ref> A tsabar kudin ya nuna 324 ya nuna cewa kasar Habasha ita ce kasa da ta biyu da ta dauki addinin Kiristanci (bayan da duk da cewa ana iya yin hakan a cikin da'irar kotu;<ref>conomic Overview". World Bank. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2016.</ref><ref>Ethiopia to launch four more industry parks within two years". Reuters. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>"With Continued Rapid Growth, Ethiopia is Poised to Become a Middle Income Country by 2025". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> Wannan shi ne babban iko na farko da yin hakan.<ref>Sze M (12 August 2019). "Ethiopia to Open Banks for Ethiopian Investors in the Diaspora". W7 News. Retrieved 14 August 2019.</ref><ref>Power generation begins at 1,870-MW Gibe III hydroelectric project in Ethiopia". www.hydroworld.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016</ref><ref>Business Corruption in Ethiopia". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014</ref> AKSUMITEITY sun kasance sumbata ga Greco-Roman da ke da mahimman dangantakar al'adu da kuma ular kasuwanci da empire da emeral, a cikin kwasfa da emerals, da kuma shigo da siliki.<ref>Eastwood V, Elbagir N (31 May 2012). "Ethiopia powers on with controversial dam project". CNN. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>Get the gangsters out of the food chain". The Economist. 7 June 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Wilkin P, Demissew S, Willis K, Woldeyes F, Davis AP, Molla EL, Janssens S, Kallow S, Berhanu A (2019). "Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple". Annals of Botany. 123 (5): 747–766. doi:10.1093/aob/mcy214. PMC 6526316. <nowiki>PMID 30715125</nowiki>.</ref> Aikin zinare a cikin 2015 shine tan 9 na awo.<ref name=":3">Tikuye E (21 January 2023). "Fixing Addis light rail may cost at least $60 million". The Reporter (Ethiopia). Retrieved 10 March 2024.</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":3" /> === Tsakanin Zamani === Babban labarin: Habasha a tsakiyar zamanai Masarautar ta karbi sunan "Ethiopia" a zamanin mulkin Ezana a karni na 4.<ref>Abir M (28 October 2013). Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. Routledge. pp. 22–70. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-136-28090-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Connel & Killion 2011, p. 160.</ref><ref>Mohammed AK (2013). The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-643-90332-7</nowiki>.</ref> Bayan cin nasarar daular Kush a shekara ta 330, yankin Aksumite ya kai kololuwarsa tsakanin karni na 5 da na 6.<ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Hassen M (2017). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300–1700. James Currey. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84701-161-9</nowiki>. OCLC 962017017.</ref> An katse wannan lokacin ta hanyar kutse da dama cikin yankin kariyar Larabawa ta Kudu,<ref>Pankhurst 1997, p. 301</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: The Trials of the Christian Kingdom and the Decline of Imperial Power ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_02"". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries"</ref> gami da Dhu Nuwas na Yahudawa na Masarautar Himyarite da yaƙe-yaƙe na Aksumite-Farisiya.<ref>Cohen L (2009). The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-05892-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Latin Letters of Jesuits -Wendy Laura Belcher". wendybelcher.com. Retrieved 4 February 2022</ref><ref>Parfitt R (17 January 2019). The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-316-51519-8</nowiki>.</ref> A shekara ta 575, Aksumiyawa sun kewaye birnin Sana'a suka sake mamaye birnin bayan kashe gwamnanta Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan.<ref>Berndl K (2005). National Geographic Visual History of the World. National Geographic Society. p. 333. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7922-3695-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Getamun, City of Gondar, p. 5</ref><ref>See Solomon Getamun, History of the City of Gondar (Africa World Press, 2005), pp.1–4</ref> An bar Bahar Maliya ga Khalifancin Rashidun a shekara ta 646,<ref>Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 297f</ref><ref>Gondar Period". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</ref><ref>Pankhurst, Richard (1967). The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 139–143.</ref> kuma musulmin Larabawa sun wawashe birnin Adulis mai tashar jiragen ruwa a karni na 8; tare da lalata ƙasa da ba za a iya jurewa ba, da'awar sauyin yanayi da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci daga 730 zuwa 760,<ref>Political Program of the Oromo People's Congress (OPC)". Gargaaraoromopc.org. 23 April 1996. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Middleton J (1 June 2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. pp. 39–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-45158-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Tibebu T (June 2018). "Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.279. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4</nowiki>.</ref> waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da mulkin ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci.<ref>Keller EJ (2005). "Making and Remaking State and Nation in Ethiopia". In Laremont RR (ed.). Borders, Nationalism, and the African State (PDF). Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 89–92. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-58826-340-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018.</ref><ref>The Egyptians in Abyssinia Archived 26 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Vislardica.com. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref> Aksum ya zo karshe a shekara ta 960 lokacin da Sarauniya Gudit ta yi nasara akan sarkin Aksum na karshe.<ref>Caulk R (1971). "The Occupation of Harar: January 1887". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 9 (2): 1–20. JSTOR 41967469.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref><ref>International Crisis Group, "Ethnic Federalism and its Discontents". Issue 153 of ''ICG Africa'' report (4 September 2009) p. 2; Italy lost over 4,600 nationals in this battle.</ref> A sakamakon haka, ragowar al'ummar Aksumiyya su koma yankin kudancin kasar, su kafa daular Zagwe, suka canza babban birninsu zuwa Lalibela.<ref>Negash, Tekeste. Eritrea and Ethiopia : The Federal Experience. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2005) <nowiki>ISBN 1-56000-992-6</nowiki> pp. 13–14</ref><ref>Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst". Time. 21 December 1987</ref><ref>Pankhurst R (1966). "The Great Ethiopian Famine of 1888–1892: A New Assessment". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 21 (2): 95–124.</ref> Mulkin Zagwe ya ƙare lokacin da wani babban mutum mai daraja na Amhara Yekuno Amlak ya yi tawaye ga Sarki Yetbarak kuma ya kafa daular Habasha (wanda aka sani da "Abyssinia").<ref>Broich T (2017). "U.S. and Soviet Foreign Aid during the Cold War – A Case Study of Ethiopia". The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2018.</ref><ref>Asnake Kefale, Tomasz Kamusella and Christopher Van der Beken. 2021. Eurasian Empires as Blueprints for Ethiopia: From Ethnolinguistic Nation-State to Multiethnic Federation. London: Routledge, pp. 23–34</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher (2005) "Ḫaylä Śəllase" in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1062–1063.</ref> Biete Medhane Alem, wanda aka gina a zamanin daular Zagwe a tsakiyar zamanai Daular Habasha ta fara fadada yankunan karkashin jagorancin Amda Seyon I.<ref>Tibebu T (1995). The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974. RedSeaPr. p. 145. <nowiki>ISBN 1569020019</nowiki>.</ref><ref>(1963) Haile Selassie, "Towards African Unity"". BlackPast.org. 7 August 2009</ref><ref>Will arms ban slow war?". BBC News. 18 May 2000. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>Clapham, "Ḫaylä Śəllase", Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, p. 1063.</ref> Ya kaddamar da yakin yaki da makiya musulmi na gabas, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi a cikin ma'auni wajen nuna goyon baya ga kiristoci tsawon shekaru biyu masu zuwa.<ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21</ref> Bayan nasarar yakin gabas da Amda Seyon ya yi, akasarin sarakunan musulmi a yankin kahon Afirka sun shiga karkashin mulkin daular Habasha.<ref>REMOVAL IS QUIET". The New York Times. Reuters. 13 September 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief". The New York Times. Reuters. 24 November 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref> An miƙe daga Gojjam zuwa gabar tekun Somaliya a cikin Zelia.<ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref> Daga cikin wadannan al'ummomin musulmi akwai masarautar Ifat. A zamanin sarki Zara Yaqob,<ref>Dagne HG (2006). The commitment of the German Democratic Republic in Ethiopia: a study based on Ethiopian sources. London: Global Lit. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-8258-9535-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>Oberdorfer D (March 1978). "The Superpowers and the Ogaden War". The Washington Post.</ref> daular Habasha ta kai kololuwarta.<ref>US admits helping Mengistu escape". BBC. 22 December 1999. Retrieved 13 December 2017</ref><ref>The Black Book of Communism, pp. 687–95</ref><ref>Ottaway DB (21 March 1979). "Addis Ababa Emerges From a Long, Bloody War". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref> Mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar mallakar yankuna daga sarakunan farko,<ref>Katz DR (21 September 1978). "Ethiopia After the Revolution: Vultures in the Land of Sheba". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref><ref>Stapleton TJ (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4408-3052-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections</ref> da kula da gina majami'u da gidajen ibada da yawa, haɓaka wallafe-wallafe da fasaha, da ƙarfafa ikon daular tsakiya.<ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections.</ref><ref>Crowell Anderson-Jaquest T (May 2002). "Restructuring the Soviet–Ethiopian Relationship: A Csse Study in Asymmetric Exchange" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science.</ref><ref>Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Mengistu Haile Mariam Interview (1990), 13 June 2020, retrieved 17 June 2021</ref> Magajin Ifat, Adal Sultanate,<ref>Tessema S (November 2017). "ADDIS ABABA". Anadolu Agency.</ref><ref>War 'devastated' Ethiopian economy". BBC News. 7 August 2001. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia and Eritrea declare end of war". BBC News. 9 July 2018.</ref> ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci Habasha a lokacin yaƙin Habasha-Adal, amma a ƙarshe an ci nasara a yakin Wayna Daga 1543.<ref>Why a photo of Mengistu has proved so controversial". BBC News. August 2018</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, pp. 121–23</ref><ref>Article 5" (PDF). Ethiopian Constitution. WIPO. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> A karni na 16, kwararowar 'yan kabilar Oromo zuwa sassan arewacin yankin ya wargaza karfin daular.<ref>Ahmed H, Goldstein J (24 September 2018). "Thousands Are Arrested in Ethiopia After Ethnic Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref>"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence". The Daily Star. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018</ref><ref>12 killed in latest attack in western Ethiopia". News24. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref> Da suka taso daga yankin Guji da Borena a yau, Oromos sun sami ƙwarin guiwa ne da ra'ayoyi da yawa na al'ada - tun daga Moggaasaa<ref>Fano Will Not Lay Down Arms If Demands Are Not Met: Chairman, retrieved 28 March 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopian parliament allows PM Abiy to stay in office beyond term". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 10 September 2020.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election". France 24. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020</ref> da Liqimssa - waɗanda yawancinsu ke da alaƙa da farmakin da suka kai. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa gada na Meslé.<ref>"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rockets hit outskirts of Eritrea capital". BBC News. 15 November 2020.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rights commission to investigate 'mass killings'". BBC News. 14 November 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Tigray leader confirms bombing Eritrean capital". Al-Jazeera. 15 November 2020</ref> A cewar Abba Bahrey, farkon fadada ya faru ne a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Dawit II (luba Melbah),<ref>Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers". The Globe and Mail. 15 March 2022.</ref><ref>Chothia F, Bekit T (19 October 2022). "Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022</ref><ref>Amhara conflict: Ethiopians massacred in their homes by government troops". 13 February 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> lokacin da suka mamaye Bale kafin su mamaye Adal Sultanate.<ref>Account (16 February 2024). "Statement on the Indiscriminate Massacre of the Residents of Merawi in Ethiopia". Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref><ref>CIA World Factbook – Rank Order – Area". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2008.</ref><ref>UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre</ref> Habasha ta ga babban huldar diflomasiyya da Portugal daga karni na 17, galibin alaka da addini. Tun daga 1555,<ref>Does It Snow In Ethiopia [Winter Travel]". 15 January 2023</ref><ref>While Egypt Struggles, Ethiopia Builds over the Blue Nile: Controversies and the Way Forward". Brookings.edu</ref><ref>Misiani HO, Finney DL, Segele ZT, Marsham JH, Tadege A, Artan G, Atheru Z (12 December 2020). "Circulation Patterns Associated with Current and Future Rainfall over Ethiopia and South Sudan from a Convection-Permitting Model". Atmosphere. 11 (12): 1352.</ref> Jesuits Portuguese sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka Roman Katolika a matsayin addinin jiha. Bayan gazawa da yawa, sun aika da masu mishan da yawa a cikin 1603,<ref>Ethiopia, Climate Change and Migration: A little more knowledge and a more nuanced perspective could greatly benefit thinking on policy – Ethiopia". ReliefWeb. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2020.</ref><ref>Dahir AL (5 March 2019). "Ethiopia is launching a global crowdfunding campaign to give its capital a green facelift". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Ethiopia PM hosts 'most expensive dinner'". 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref> ciki har da wanda ya fi tasiri, Mutanen Espanya Jesuit Pedro Paez.<ref>AfricaNews (14 May 2019). "Ethiopia PM raises over $25m for project to beautify Addis Ababa". Africanews. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Addisstandard (25 April 2019). "News: China's reprieve on interest-free loan only". Addis Standard. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Bicyclus, Site of Markku Savela</ref> A karkashin sarki Susenyos na I, Roman Katolika ya zama addinin daular Habasha a shekara ta 1622.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>United Nations Statistics Division, Millennium Development Goals indicators: Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), thousand tonnes of CO2 (collected by CDIAC) Human-produced, direct emissions of carbon dioxide only. Excludes other greenhouse gases; land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF); and natural background flows of CO2 (See also: Carbon cycle)</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Nations. Ethiopia Environment</ref> Wannan shawarar ta haifar da tashin hankali daga al'ummar Orthodox.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>Massicot, Paul (2005). Animal Info-Ethiopia.</ref><ref>Khoury CK, Achicanoy HA, Bjorkman AD, Navarro-Racines C, Guarino L, Flores-Palacios X, Engels JM, Wiersema JH, Dempewolf H (15 June 2016). "Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide". Proc. R. Soc. B. 283 (1832): 20160792. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0792. PMC 4920324.</ref><gallery> File:Ethopia Map-Konkani Vishwakosh.jpg|[[Fayil:Ethiopia 2012 (6904150641).jpg|thumb|ginin itofiya]]Taswiran Kasar Etofiya a zamanin da<ref>Lewis IM (27 August 1976). "The peoples and cultures of Ethiopia". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 194 (1114): 7–16. Bibcode:1976RSPSB.194....7L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1976.0061. ISSN 0080-4649. <nowiki>PMID 11482</nowiki>. S2CID 46723065.</ref> File:Chamber of Columns, Sof Omar Caves.jpg|Tsohon hoto a kasar ta Etofiya File:PR-CN-1972-185-Box-2-14 (35216667131).jpg|Sojan kasar Etofiya da shugaban kasa File:Gragne.jpg| Sassaken Gragne akan doki Fayil:Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:LocationEthiopia.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia relief location map.jpg|Map din itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia rainfall and seasons.png|Lokacin damuna a itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia flag black and white.jpg|Tutar itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|Itofiya File:Ethiopian Airlines A350 ET-ATQ.jpg| Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wassan alada a Itofiya Fayil:Sunrise at Ethiopia´s salt flats.jpg|Faduwar Rana itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wasanni a itofiya Fayil:A Step Forward, Ethiopia (13599989815).jpg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia - Lake Assale.jpg|Ruwan itofiya </gallery> == Habasha da Musulunci == Kasar habasha ita ce kasa ta farko da ta kare [[musulmin]] farko da su ka tsira daga arnan [[makka]],<ref>Liddell HG, Scott R. "Aithiops". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Schoff WH (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 62. Retrieved 28 September 2016.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref> da kyakkyawar dangantakar da take tsakanin musulmai da habasha a zamanin Annabi Muhammad (S. A. W)<ref>Ansari A (7 October 2009). "Oldest human skeleton offers new clues to evolution". CNN.com/technology. Retrieved 2 March 2011.</ref><ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Mother of man – 3.2 million years ago". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2009</ref> [[Manzon Allah|manzon Allah,]] amma ta soma wargajewa tsakanin habasha da kasashen musulinci a zamanin [[Umar dan khaddab]] yardar Allah ta Kara tabbata a ga reshi,<ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Institute of Human Origins: Lucy's Story". 15 June 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2017</ref><ref>Mcdougall I, Brown H, Fleagle G (February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–36. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. <nowiki>PMID 15716951</nowiki>. S2CID 1454595.</ref> a wannan lokacin habashawa suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a tashar jirgin ruwa ta [[jidda]] kasar [[saudiyya]] abin da yasa musulmai suka maida martani.<ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>Callaway E (7 June 2017). "Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22114. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</ref> A shekara ta 83 ta hijira musulmai suka kama wani birni a kusa da habasha dan su ringa lura da habashawa, a shekara ta 1510 bayan haihuwar Annabi '''Isah'''<ref>Hammond AS, Royer DF, Fleagle JG (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. Bibcode:2017JHumE.108..199H. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. <nowiki>PMID 28552208</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Zarins J (1990). "Early Pastoral Nomadism and the Settlement of Lower Mesopotamia". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 280 (280): 31–65. doi:10.2307/1357309. JSTOR 1357309. S2CID 163491760.</ref> sarauniyar habasha ta aika manzo na musamman zuwa ga aiman wail sarkin Burtugal dan saboda ya ci musulmai da yaki a taikun [[Indiya]] ta kuma nemi hadin kai daga wajan shi dan ya turamata da sojoji ta yaki [[makka]] sai ya yadda da maganarta ya turumata sojojin masu dumbin yawa ko da haka musulmai sun ci su da yaki sun kashe musu babban hafsan sojojin su,<ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Güldemann T (2018). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 311. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9</ref><ref>Campbell L (2021). Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-262-54218-0</nowiki>.</ref> amma duk da haka musulmai basusamu dama sun shiga habasha ba.<ref>Campbell L (2021). ''Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition''. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. ISBN <bdi>978-0-262-54218-0</bdi>.</ref><ref>Zimmer C (8 August 2019). "In the Ethiopian Mountains, Ancient Humans Were Living the High Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref><ref>Katz B. "Archaeologists Uncover Evidence of an Ancient High-Altitude Human Dwelling". Smithsonian. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> == Addinai == * 40% kirista<ref>Smith KN (9 August 2019). "The first people to live at high elevations snacked on giant mole rats". Ars Technica. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 45% musulunci<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019</ref> * 10% brutustan<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 5% yahudawa da wa yanda basuda addini<ref>Miehe G, Opgenoorth L, Zech W, Woldu Z, Vogelsang R, Veit H, Nemomissa S, Negash A, Nauss T (9 August 2019). "Middle Stone Age foragers resided in high elevations of the glaciated Bale Mountains, Ethiopia". Science. 365 (6453): 583–587. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..583O. doi:10.1126/science.aaw8942. ISSN 0036-8075. <nowiki>PMID 31395781</nowiki>. S2CID 199505803.</ref> '''kasashen da suke makotaka da jihohin Itofiya''' == Iyaka == Itofiya tana daya daga cikin kasashe da suke gabashin afirika tana makotaka da kasashe biyar sune :- * daga nahiyar arewaci [[Eritrea]]<ref>Sahle Y, Hutchings WK, Braun DR, Sealy JC, Morgan LE, Negash A, Atnafu B (2013). Petraglia MD (ed.). "Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78092. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878092S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092. PMC 3827237. <nowiki>PMID 24236011</nowiki>.</ref> * daga yammaci [[Sudan]] <ref>Sahle Y, Brooks AS (2018). "Assessment of complex projectiles in the early Late Pleistocene at Aduma, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216716. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416716S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216716. PMC 6508696. <nowiki>PMID 31071181</nowiki>.</ref> * daga kudanci [[Kenya]]<ref>Munro-Hay, p. 57</ref> * daga gabashin [[Somaliya]]<ref>Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.) (2005) Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, "Ge'ez". Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 732</ref> * daga arewa maso gabashin [[Jibuti]] == Jihohin kasar == [[File:Ethiopia regions numbered.png|300px|thumb|right|Bizunga ya Itofiya.]] kuma tanada jihohi goma sha daya ko wace jiha da sunan kabila mafi yawa sone:- * 1 [[Addis Ababa]] <ref>Munro-Hay, p. 13</ref> * 2 [[Afar]] <ref>Solomonic Descent in Ethiopian History". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</ref> * 3 [[Amhara]] <ref>Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2007). The history of Ethiopia. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 171. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0</nowiki>.</ref> * 4 [[Benishangul-Gumuz]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). BritishMuseum.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 5 [[Dire Dawa]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). ''BritishMuseum.org''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 6 [[Gambela]] <ref>Gold production". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2024.</ref> * 7 [[Harari]] <ref>Karl W. Butzer, "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation", American Antiquity 46, (July 1981), p. 495</ref> * 8 [[Oromia]] <ref>Kingdom of Abyssinia". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref> * 9 [[Somali]] <ref>A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe". 9 January 2022</ref> * 10 Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region<ref>Ethiopia The Zagwe Dynasty – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". photius.com. Retrieved 16 December 2021.</ref> * 11 [[Tigray]]<ref>Pankhurst R (1982). History of Ethiopian Towns. Steiner. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-515-03204-9</nowiki>.</ref> game da haka sunada bine biyu na masamman yaren [[amhari]] sune [[Adis ababa]] da [[dira dawa]]<ref>UNESCO General History of Africa. University of California Press. 3 November 1992. p. 283. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-06698-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Gondar Fasiladas Bath Timket.jpg|Jama'a sun taru a wurin wankan Fasiladas a Gondar, Habasha, don bikin Timket - Epiphany na Cocin Orthodox na Habasha. File:Dallol-2001.jpg|Dutse mai aman wuta, mai suna Dallo File:FasilidasPalaceGonder.jpg|Fadar Fasilidas, Gonder File:The Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, calling on the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh in New Delhi on November 06, 2007.jpg| prime ministan Etofiya Mr Zeles Zewani a India tare da Dr Manmohan Singh a Delhi File:Manmohan Singh with the Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. Stephen Harper, the President of South Africa, Mr. Jacob Zuma and the Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, at the plenary session of G-20 Summit, in Cannes.jpg| Su biyu da wasu shuwagabannin kasa </gallery>{{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiopia}} [[Category:kasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasar Itofiya]] 7756higbd7del1jnnco1pa6rvccu7pb 888121 888120 2026-07-27T15:58:15Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|thumb|Yankin itofiya a duniya]] '''Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Itofiya:''' da turanci '''''[[Ethiopian Airlines|Ethiopia]],'''''da harshen amhare ( ኢትዮጵያ )<ref>Emi I (4 March 2020). "Ethiopia to Add 4 more Official Languages to Foster Unity". Ventures Africa. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref><ref>Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts". Nazret. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Shaban A. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</ref> ada an santa da suna [[habasha]], kasa ce dake a kudancin [[Afirka]].<ref>Ethiopian Constitution". www.africa.upenn.edu</ref><ref>Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Population Census Commission. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2020.</ref><ref>"Country Level". 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. CSA. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2013</ref> Ta kasancee'yantacciyar kasa ce wadda turawan mulkin mallaka basu mulke ta ba har zuwa shekara ta (1936)<ref>Zenawism as ethnic-federalism" (PDF)</ref><ref>"Is Ethiopia Democratic? A Bureaucratic Authoritarian Regime". Journal of Democracy. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref><ref>Ethiopia- The World Factbook". www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 19 July 2021.</ref> sai sojojin [[Italiya]] suka fada cikin kasar amma 'yan kasar suka yi taron-dangi da sojojin [[Birtaniya]] suka kori sojojin [[Italiya]] a shekara ta, (1941)<ref>Population Size by Sex, Area and Density by Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2024" (PDF). ess.gov.et. Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS). Retrieved 3 June 2025.</ref><ref>"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Ethiopia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref> amma batasamu 'yancin kanta ba sai da kasar [[ingila]] tasa mata hannu a shekara ta [[1944|(1944]].)<ref>"Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021</ref><ref>Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. 8 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</ref><ref>UNESCO - Ethiopian epiphany". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Haplic Fluvisol in Sinkata Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Yara kewa sa]] A cikin ƙarni na bakwai kafin haifuwar [[Annabi Isah]] habashawa sun musu masarauta Aksum a gefan,<ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2022. (Archived 2022 edition.)</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 5 April 2021.</ref><ref>Kessler DF (2012). The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-283-70872-2</nowiki>. OCLC 819506475.</ref> kogin [[maliya]] babban birnita Aksum a yanzu ansanta da Eritrea kuma a shekara ta (500)<ref>Hopkin M (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-10. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref><ref>Li J, Absher D, Tang H, Southwick A, Casto A, Ramachandran S, Cann H, Barsh G, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza L, Myers R (2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science. 319 (5866): 1100–04. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. <nowiki>PMID 18292342</nowiki>. S2CID 53541133.</ref><ref>Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says". Bloomberg News. 21 February 2008. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> kafin haifuwar annabi Isah manoma da 'yan kasuwanci da suka zo daga ƙasashen [[larabawa]] suka hadu suka yi musu yare daya kuma suka dai-dai ta rubutun su,<ref>Kaplan K (21 February 2008). "Around the world from Addis Ababa". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Abbink J (1998). "An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 11 (2): 109–124. doi:10.1080/13696819808717830. hdl:1887/9486. ISSN 1369-6815. JSTOR 1771876.</ref><ref>Moore DH (1936). "Christianity in Ethiopia". Church History. 5 (3): 271–284. doi:10.2307/3160789. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3160789. S2CID 162029676.</ref> a tsakiyar ƙarni na hudu se sarki Izana ya shiga tare da 'yan cerci ta [[Misra]],<ref>Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia" (PDF). 12 April 2022</ref><ref>BBC Staff (3 November 2020). "Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state". BBC. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</ref><ref>"Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS". Daily News Egypt. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref> a karni na bakwai bayan haifuwar '''annabi isah (A.S.W)''' kogin [[maliya]] yazama a hannun musulmai,<ref>Africa S (29 August 2020). "Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower". SomTribune. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref>5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch". World Economic Forum. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref name=":0">Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 23 December 2021</ref><ref name=":0" /> sai Aksum ta rasa kasuwancin ta da alakar ta da taikun [[Indiya]],<ref>"GAL country profile - Ethiopia" (PDF). www.uil.unesco.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025</ref><ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref> a karni na goma sai masarautar Aksum ta ruguje tazama tare da wane cerci na '''Ethiopia''' a shekara ta 800 bayan haifuwar '''annabi Isah''' manoma suka kama biya inshura ga gwamnati kuma suna gina curci curcin da suka fadi har yanzu da kuma sauran su,<ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref><ref>Africa Geoscience Review, Volume 10. Rock View International. 2003. p. 366. Retrieved 9 August 2014.</ref><ref>Bekerie A (2004). "Ethiopica: Some Historical Reflections on the Origin of the Word Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 1 (2): 110–121. ISSN 1543-4133. JSTOR 27828841.</ref> a da Ethiopia ma'anarta konannar fuska ko bakar fuska.<ref>Homer, Odyssey 1.22–4.</ref><ref>Hatke G (2013). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. pp. 52–53. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8147-6066-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Cp. Ezekiel 29:10</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Habasha ta yi rajista mafi saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Meles Zenawi.<ref>"Ethio Telecom forecasts 19% rise in revenue in 2023/24". Reuters. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024</ref><ref>'''^''' ''The Economist'' 22 May 2010, page 49</ref><ref>Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow". BBC. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</ref> A cewar IMF, Habasha na daya daga cikin kasashe masu saurin bunkasar tattalin arziki a duniya, inda ta yi rijista sama da kashi 10 cikin 100 na bunkasuwar tattalin arziki daga 2004 zuwa 2009.<ref name=":4">Stylianou N. "Coffee under threat". BBC News</ref><ref>Cook R (2 September 2015). "World Cattle Inventory: Ranking of countries (FAO) | Cattle Network". www.cattlenetwork.com. Farm Journal. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ita ce tattalin arzikin Afirka mafi saurin bunƙasa ba tare da dogaro da mai ba a cikin shekarun 2007 zuwa 2008.<ref>Ethiopia's flower trade in full bloom". Mail & Guardian. 19 February 2006. Archived from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007. Floriculture has become a flourishing business in Ethiopia in the past five years, with the industry's exports earnings set to grow to $100-million by 2007, a five-fold increase on the $20-million earned in 2005. Ethiopian flower exports could generate an estimated $300-million within two to three years, according to the head of the government export-promotion department, Melaku Legesse.</ref><ref>Averill V (31 May 2007). "Ethiopia's designs on leather trade". BBC. Retrieved 21 June 2007. The label inside the luxuriously soft black leather handbag reads Taytu: Made In Ethiopia. But the embroidered print on the outside, the chunky bronze rings attached to the fashionably short straps and the oversized "it" bag status all scream designer chic.</ref><ref>Pavanello, Sara 2010. Working across borders – Harnessing the potential of cross-border activities to improve livelihood security in the Horn of Africa drylands Archived 12 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. London: Overseas Development Institute</ref> A cikin shekarar 2015, Bankin Duniya ya nuna cewa Habasha ta sami saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin tare da haɓakar ainihin kayan cikin gida (GDP) a matsakaicin 10.9% tsakanin 2004 da 2014.<ref>"Largest hydro electric power plant goes smoothly". English.people.com.cn. 12 April 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2010.</ref><ref>Hydroelectric Power Plant built". Addistribune.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>"The "white oil" of Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.. ethiopianreporter.com</ref> A cikin Shekara ta 2008 da 2011, ayyukan ci gaban Habasha da ci gaban da aka samu sun fuskanci ƙalubale sakamakon hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da mawuyacin halin ma'auni na biyan kuɗi.<ref>Project Summary". AKH Project owners. January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopia–Djibouti electric railway line opens". railwaygazette.com. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</ref><ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref> Haɓakar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya haura zuwa kashi 40 cikin 100 a watan Agustan 2011 saboda rashin daidaiton manufofin kuɗi, ƙarin ƙarin albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati a farkon 2011, da tsadar abinci.<ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref><ref>"Zeresenay Alemseged – National Geographic Society". www.nationalgeographic.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref> Duk da saurin bunƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, GDP na kowane mutum yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya, kuma tattalin arzikin yana fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa na tsarin. Dangane da bayanan baya-bayan nan daga shekarar 2019,<ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref><ref>Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref><ref>"Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref> kashi 68.7% na yawan jama'a suna fama da talauci da yawa da kuma ƙarin 18.4% masu rauni zuwa gare shi.<ref>Ethiopian Traditional Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs". EthnoMed. Retrieved 31 January 2022.</ref><ref>Explore All Countries – Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2021. landlocked – entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref> Tare da sanya hannun jari mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan jama'a da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, Habasha tana ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin tsarinta ta zama cibiyar samar da haske a Afirka.<ref>Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005.</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref><ref name=":5">Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":5" /> A cikin 2019 an zartar da wata doka da ta ba wa 'yan Habasha 'yan gudun hijira damar saka hannun jari a masana'antar hidimar hada-hadar kudi ta Habasha.<ref>World Refugee Survey 2008". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.</ref><ref>Racin, L. (4 March 2008) "Future Shock: How Environmental Change and Human Impact Are Changing the Global Map". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.</ref><ref>Ofcansky, T and Berry, L. "Ethiopia: A Country Study". Edited by Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Countrystudies.us</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Habasha ya fayyace cewa ‘yancin mallakar filaye na “jahar da jama’a ne kawai”, amma ‘yan kasar na iya yin hayar filaye har na tsawon shekaru 99,<ref>Shivley, K. "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</ref><ref>Belete A (1991). "Development of agriculture in Ethiopia since the 1975 land reform" (PDF). Agricultural Economics. 6 (2): 159–75. doi:10.1016/0169-5150(91)90022-D (inactive 19 January 2025).</ref><ref>Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017". Government of Ethiopia. Retrieved 20 April 2016.</ref> amma ba za su iya yin jinginar gida ko sayarwa ba. Ana ba da izinin yin hayar filaye na tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma ana tsammanin wannan zai tabbatar da cewa ƙasar ta tafi ga mafi yawan masu amfani. Ana daukar rabon filaye da gudanar da mulki a matsayin wani yanki da aka kafa cin hanci da rashawa,<ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Poverty in Ethiopia Down 33 Percent Since 2000". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> kuma sau da yawa ana neman biyan sauƙaƙawa da kuma cin hanci lokacin da ake fuskantar al’amuran da suka shafi ƙasa.<ref>Condominium housing in Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 4 January 2017</ref><ref>Glottolog 4.8 - Languages of Ethiopia". glottolog.org. Retrieved 30 August 2023.</ref><ref>Languages of Ethiopia". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</ref> Da yake babu mallakar filaye, ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa galibi ana yin su ne kawai ba tare da tambayar masu amfani da filaye ba,<ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>FDRE. "Federal Negarit Gazeta Establishment Proclamation" (PDF). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2021.</ref><ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref> wanda daga nan sai a koma gudun hijira ba tare da gida ko fili ba. Yawan fushi da rashin yarda wani lokaci yakan haifar da zanga-zangar jama'a.<ref name=":6">Fattovich, Rodolfo (2003) "Akkälä Guzay" in von Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Weissbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, p.169.</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>Mpoche, Kizitus, Mbuh, Tennu, eds. (2006). Language, literature, and identity. Cuvillier. pp. 163–64. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-86537-839-2</nowiki>.</ref> Bugu da kari, amfanin noma ya ragu sosai, kuma har yanzu ana fama da fari da yawa a kasar, wanda hakan ke haddasa rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin gida.<ref>"Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 10 November 2006</ref><ref>Abegaz B (1 June 2005). "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" (PDF). Retrieved 27 July 2017.</ref><ref>Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013</ref> == Makamashi da wutar lantarki == Habasha na da manyan koguna 14 da ke kwarara daga tsaunukanta, ciki har da kogin Nilu. Tana da mafi girman wuraren ajiyar ruwa a Afirka.<ref>Davis LD (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. p. 342. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8146-5616-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The History of Ethiopian Jews". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Thomas P Ofcansky LB (2004). Ethiopia: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 130–41. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4191-1857-9</nowiki>.</ref> Ya zuwa 2012, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki suna wakiltar kusan kashi 88.2% na jimillar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>(Kater, 2000)</ref><ref>(Dorman et al., 2009, p. 622).</ref><ref name=":7">Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":7" /> Babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha da aka gina tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2023, wanda zai zama madatsar ruwa mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref>"WaterAid UK – Where we work – Ethiopia"</ref><ref>Ethiopia – Health and Welfare". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> An samar da ragowar wutar lantarki daga burbushin mai (8.3%) da hanyoyin sabunta (3.6%). Adadin wutar lantarki na jimillar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2016 ya kai kashi 42%, tare da kashi 85% a cikin birane da kuma kashi 26% a yankunan karkara. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016,<ref>Global distribution of health workers in WHO Member States" (PDF). The World Health Report 2006. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Ethiopia". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 9 September 2015.</ref><ref>Hanlon C, Eshetu T, Alemayehu D, Fekadu A, Semrau M, Thornicroft G, Kigozi F, Marais DL, Petersen I, Alem A (8 June 2017). "Health system governance to support scale up of mental health care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study". International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 11: 38. doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0144-4. PMC 5465569. <nowiki>PMID 28603550</nowiki>.</ref> jimlar samar da wutar lantarki ya kai TW⋅h 11.15 kuma ana amfani da shi ya kai 9.062 TW⋅h. An fitar da wutar lantarki 0.166 TW⋅h, da 0 kW⋅h da aka shigo da su, da kuma 2.784 GW na karfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>Teferra D, Altbach PG (2003). African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook. Indiana University Press. pp. 316–25. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-253-34186-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref><ref>Education in Ethiopia". WENR. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2022.</ref> Habasha tana isar da kusan kashi 81% na yawan ruwa zuwa kogin Nilu ta cikin kogin Blue Nile, kogin Sobat da Atbara.<ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref><ref>"Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref> A shekara ta 1959, Masar da Sudan sun rattaba hannu kan wata yerjejeniya ta kasashen biyu, yarjejeniyar ruwan Nilu ta shekarar 1959,<ref>Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref name=":8">The 20th century has resulted in Ethiopia connecting towards the world with students of art learning the styles of western art, most notably Afewerk Tekle a laureate and others during the end of Menelik's reign and other monarchs right after</ref><ref name=":8" /> wadda ta bai wa kasashen biyu ‘yancin kan ruwa na ruwan Nilu.<ref>Ethiopia has produced many reputable contemporary painters and muralists, most notable among whom is Laureate Afewerk Tekle</ref><ref>Lalibela was mainly built as a 'new Jerusalem' for Ethiopian pilgrims set to go to Jerusalem nonetheless barred from by Muslim conquests [1] [2] [3]</ref><ref>"The Use of DMT in Early Masonic Ritual". Reality Sandwich. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref> Tun daga lokacin, Masar ta hana kusan dukkan ayyukan da ake yi a Habasha da ke neman amfani da magudanan ruwan Nilu na cikin gida.<ref>"Architecture of Aksun and Lalibela". kolibri.teacherinabox.org.au. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</ref><ref>Marilyn Eiseman Heldman, Frē Ṣeyon (1994). The Marian Icons of the Painter Frē Ṣeyon: A Study of Fifteenth-century Ethiopian Art, Patronage, and Spirituality. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 75. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-03540-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Nosnitsin D (2012). "Ethiopian Manuscripts and Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. A brief Overview and Evaluation". Gazette du livre médiéval. 58 (1): 1–16. doi:10.3406/galim.2012.1993.</ref> Wannan ya yi tasiri wajen hana tallafin samar da wutar lantarki daga waje da ayyukan ban ruwa a yammacin Habasha,<ref name=":9">Smidt WG (2015). "Gorgoryos and Ludolf: The Ethiopian and German Fore-Fathers of Ethiopian Studies: An Ethiopian scholar's 1652 visit to Thuringia" (PDF). ITYOP̣IS: Northeast African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":9" /><ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195</ref> wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan raya tattalin arziki na tushen albarkatun ruwa. Sai dai kasar Habasha na shirin gina wani katafaren madatsar ruwa mai karfin megawatt 6,450 a kogin Blue Nile.<ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195.</ref><ref>Getachew F (2 March 2015). "Ethiopia: Haddis Alemayehu - the Unique Personality in Ethiopian Literature". The Ethiopian Herald.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "20 Of The Best Poets And Poems of Ethiopia (Qene included) — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 18 December 2021.</ref> An kammala shi a shekara ta 2023, wannan babbar madatsar ruwa ta Habasha za ta kasance tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Tekle A (1994). Eritrea and Ethiopia: from conflict to cooperation. The Red Sea Press. p. 197. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-932415-97-4</nowiki>. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan have significant similarities emanating not only from culture, religion, traditions, history and aspirations ... They appreciate similar foods and spices, beverages and sweets, fabrics and tapestry, lyrics and music, and jewellery and fragrances.</ref><ref>Abdullahi MD (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2</nowiki>. Somali music, a unique kind of music that might be mistaken at first for music from nearby countries such as Ethiopia, the Sudan, or even Arabia, can be recognized by its own tunes and styles.</ref><ref>About St. Yared – St. Yared Ethiopian Cuisine & Coffeehaus – Indianapolis IN". www.styaredcuisine.com. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</ref> Aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Gibe III ya zuwa yanzu shi ne mafi girma a kasar tare da samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 1,870. A cikin shekara ta 2017-18 (2010 E.C)<ref>Page WF (2001). Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2. Facts on File. p. 230. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8160-4472-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "Music in Ethiopia — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Page WF (2001). ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2''. Facts on File. p. 230. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8160-4472-6</bdi>.</ref> wannan madatsar ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta samar da 4,900 GW⋅h.[245] === Tsufa === === Manyan labaran: D'mt da Mulkin Aksum === === Kudin Akshaye === A cikin 980 BC, an kafa D'Mt a cikin Are Eritrea da kuma arewacin Ethiopia a yankin Tigray,<ref>Mongabay.com Ethiopia statistics. (n.d). Retrieved 18 November 2006, from Rainforests.mongabay.com</ref><ref>Grantham HS, Duncan A, Evans TD, Jones KR, Beyer HL, Schuster R, Walston J, Ray JC, Robinson JG, Callow M, Clements T, Costa HM, DeGemmis A, Elsen PR, Ervin J, Franco P, Goldman E, Goetz S, Hansen A, Hofsvang E, Jantz P, Jupiter S, Kang A, Langhammer P, Laurance WF, Lieberman S, Linkie M, Malhi Y, Maxwell S, Mendez M, Mittermeier R, Murray NJ, Possingham H, Radachowsky J, Saatchi S, Samper C, Silverman J, Shapiro A, Strassburg B, Stevens T, Stokes E, Taylor R, Tear T, Tizard R, Venter O, Visconti P, Wang S, Watson JE (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. <nowiki>PMID 33293507</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Environmental Profile". Mongabay. 4 February 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</ref> kuma an yi imani da cewa yanayin da zai gaje ya zama magaji ya zama magajinsa.<ref>Parry, J (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved 22 November 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).</ref><ref>See Federal High Court Establishment Proclamation No.322/2003. Federal High Courts have been placed in the following states: Afar, Benshngul/Gumuz, Gambela, Somali, and SNNPR.</ref><ref>Iyyer C (2009). Land Management: Challenges & Strategies. Global India Publications. p. 16. <nowiki>ISBN 978-93-80228-48-8</nowiki>.</ref> Wannan babban birnin kasar da aka samu a Yeha a cikin menene yanzu yanzu Habasha.<ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, as amended by Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 138/1998, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 254/2001, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 321/2003, and Federal Courts Proclamation (Reamendment) Proclamation 454/2005 (Federal Courts Proclamation), Article 24(3).</ref><ref>Constitution of Ethiopia – 8 December 1994". Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.</ref><ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, Article 3.</ref> Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi la'akari da wannan wayewar dan adam dan kasar Habasha na asalin kasar, kodayake a farkon lokacin da suka ba da gudummawa saboda yawan tasirin Bahar Maliya.<ref>Ethiopia – Country Governance Profile EN.pdf. OSGE and OREB. March 2009. p. 14.</ref><ref>Ethiopia | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2015". freedomhouse.org. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, p. 142</ref> Sauran malamai sun dauki matsayin wata kungiyar al'adun afroasicic da rassan da ke magana da kayayyaki da kuma semitic; Wato,<ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles has died: state television". Reuters. 21 August 2012.</ref><ref>Map of Freedom 2007". Freedom House. 2007. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2007.</ref><ref>Lough R (22 August 2012). "Ethiopia acting PM to remain at helm until 2015". Reuters.</ref> jama'ar lard na gida da Sabaenans daga Kudancin Arabia. Duk da haka, Geez,<ref>Malone B (27 May 2015). "Profile: Ethiopia's 'placeholder' PM quietly holds on". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 July 2015.</ref><ref>Maasho A (8 August 2016). "At least 33 protesters killed in Ethiopia's Oromiya region: opposition". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":1">"Ethiopia declares state of emergency". BBC News. 16 February 2018.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> tsohon Semit Harshen Habasha na Habasha na Habasha, ana tunanin ya haɓaka da kansa daga yaren Sabaenan.<ref>"Six million children threatened by Ethiopia drought: UN". Terradaily.com. Retrieved 16 March 200</ref> A farkon rabin 2000 BC, sauran masu magana da Semitic suna zaune a Habasha da Eritrea inda Gealz ya kirkira. <ref>AfricaNews. "Ethiopia declares 6 months state of emergency over Oromia protests | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 7 November 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister wins the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize". CNN News. 16 October 2019</ref><ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref> Yanzu haka Sabaea ya kasance yana tunanin ya kasance ƙarami,<ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). p.17. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Country Profile". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ottaway M (1995). "The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New Authoritarianism?". Northeast African Studies. 2 (3): 67–84. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0028. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 41931114.</ref> iyakance ga wasu ƙananan yankuna, kuma ya ɓace bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ko karni.<ref>Failure to Stand for Democracy in Ethiopia Has Weakened Democracy Worldwide". The Institute for Peace and Diplomacy - l’Institut pour la paix et la diplomatie. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref> Wataƙila mulkin ciniki ne ko kuma mallaka na soja cikin Alliance tare da Wuta ta Habasha ko kuma wasu ƙasashen Preto-Axumite.<ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Gedamu Y (16 June 2020). "Abiy put Ethiopia on the road to democracy: but major obstacles still stand in the way". The Conversation. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Mulatu Wubneh (2017). "Ethnic Identity Politics and the Restructuring of Administrative Units in Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 11 (1 & 2): 105–138. JSTOR 26586251</ref> Daular Axum a ganiya a karni na 6 Bayan faɗuwar D'Mt a karni na 4 BC, filin duniya Filato ya zo da mulkin magazarta.<ref>Ethiopia Political Map and Regions | Mappr". www.mappr.co. 14 January 2019</ref><ref>Vértesy L, Lemango T (2022). "Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia". De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico. XIII (1–2): 62–75. ISSN 1789-0446 – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Land of Punt". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 29 January 2022.</ref> A cikin karni na 1 AD, mulkin Aksharum ya fito a cikin abin da yake yanzu yankin Tigray da Eritrea.<ref>The political history of the Ethiopian community, and their struggle for ownership of this small monastery, is retold in Chris Proutky, Empress Taytu and Menelik II (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 247–256</ref><ref>"Ethiopia – Agoa.info – African Growth and Opportunity Act". agoa.info. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</ref><ref>Although Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), believes that the Suez Canal brought strategic value to the Red Sea region (p. 73), Sven Rubenson, The Survival of Ethiopian Independence (Hollywood: Tsehai,1991) argues that only with the Mahdi War did the United Kingdom interest themselves once again in Ethiopia (pp. 283ff).</ref> A cewar littafin Axum, babban babban babban babban birnin farko, Itiyopis, ɗan Cush.<ref>Gregory W. "Obama Becomes First Sitting U.S. President To Visit Ethiopia". National Public Radio. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</ref><ref>Onyulo T (26 July 2015). "Obama visit highlights Ethiopia's role in fighting Islamist terrorists". USA Today.</ref><ref>"Decision on the Report of the Fifth Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee on Defence, Security and Safety Doc. EX.CL/698(XX)" (PDF). African Union. Retrieved 14 August 2024</ref> Daga baya ya mika akmarinum a baya a wasu lokata a wannan gefen Bahar Maliya.<ref>Walsh D (9 February 2020). "For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020.</ref><ref>An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam". Quartz. 27 June 2020.</ref><ref>Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 15 July 2020.</ref> A cikin Peran Annabi Mani da aka lissafa Axum tare da Rome, Farisa,<ref>Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref> da China a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan iko guda hudu na zamanin sa, a cikin karni na 3.<ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023.</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref> An kuma yi imani da cewa akwai wata alaka tsakanin majami'u na Masarawa.<ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>"Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020.</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</ref> Akwai tabbataccen shaida cewa Akshumite suna da alaƙa da Sarauniyar Sheba, ta hanyar rubutun sarauta.<ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk</ref><ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023</ref> Forawa 316 AD, FRUMEMIUS da ɗan'uwansa Edesius daga Taya tare da kawunsu a kan Habasha zuwa Habasha.<ref name=":2">Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /> Lokacin da tukunyar ta tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa mai launin tekun, da natifa suka kashe masu tafiyar matafiya sai dai 'yan'uwan biyu biyu, waɗanda aka kai a kotu a matsayin bayi.<ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Sanarwar amintattu ne suka bashe su, suka musulunta a kori shugaban sarki ya yi karatun Kiristanci.<ref>USA I (August 2013). Ethiopia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Lulu.com. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4387-6981-3</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Federal Police" (PDF). FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA. 29 June 2022.</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation. 31 May 2024</ref> Frumpentius ya zama bishop na farko na Akkum.<ref>World Economic Outlook" (PDF). IMF. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure"". Human Rights Watch. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2021.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: IMF Positive on Country's Growth Outlook". allAfrica. Retrieved 13 January 2013</ref> A tsabar kudin ya nuna 324 ya nuna cewa kasar Habasha ita ce kasa da ta biyu da ta dauki addinin Kiristanci (bayan da duk da cewa ana iya yin hakan a cikin da'irar kotu;<ref>conomic Overview". World Bank. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2016.</ref><ref>Ethiopia to launch four more industry parks within two years". Reuters. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>"With Continued Rapid Growth, Ethiopia is Poised to Become a Middle Income Country by 2025". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> Wannan shi ne babban iko na farko da yin hakan.<ref>Sze M (12 August 2019). "Ethiopia to Open Banks for Ethiopian Investors in the Diaspora". W7 News. Retrieved 14 August 2019.</ref><ref>Power generation begins at 1,870-MW Gibe III hydroelectric project in Ethiopia". www.hydroworld.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016</ref><ref>Business Corruption in Ethiopia". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014</ref> AKSUMITEITY sun kasance sumbata ga Greco-Roman da ke da mahimman dangantakar al'adu da kuma ular kasuwanci da empire da emeral, a cikin kwasfa da emerals, da kuma shigo da siliki.<ref>Eastwood V, Elbagir N (31 May 2012). "Ethiopia powers on with controversial dam project". CNN. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>Get the gangsters out of the food chain". The Economist. 7 June 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Wilkin P, Demissew S, Willis K, Woldeyes F, Davis AP, Molla EL, Janssens S, Kallow S, Berhanu A (2019). "Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple". Annals of Botany. 123 (5): 747–766. doi:10.1093/aob/mcy214. PMC 6526316. <nowiki>PMID 30715125</nowiki>.</ref> Aikin zinare a cikin 2015 shine tan 9 na awo.<ref name=":3">Tikuye E (21 January 2023). "Fixing Addis light rail may cost at least $60 million". The Reporter (Ethiopia). Retrieved 10 March 2024.</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":3" /> === Tsakanin Zamani === Babban labarin: Habasha a tsakiyar zamanai Masarautar ta karɓi sunan "Ethiopia" a zamanin mulkin Ezana a karni na 4.<ref>Abir M (28 October 2013). Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. Routledge. pp. 22–70. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-136-28090-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Connel & Killion 2011, p. 160.</ref><ref>Mohammed AK (2013). The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-643-90332-7</nowiki>.</ref> Bayan cin nasarar daular Kush a shekara ta 330, yankin Aksumite ya kai kololuwarsa tsakanin ƙarni na 5 da na 6.<ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Hassen M (2017). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300–1700. James Currey. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84701-161-9</nowiki>. OCLC 962017017.</ref> An katse wannan lokacin ta hanyar kutse da dama cikin yankin kariyar Larabawa ta Kudu,<ref>Pankhurst 1997, p. 301</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: The Trials of the Christian Kingdom and the Decline of Imperial Power ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_02"". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries"</ref> gami da Dhu Nuwas na Yahudawa na Masarautar Himyarite da yaƙe-yaƙe na Aksumite-Farisiya.<ref>Cohen L (2009). The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-05892-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Latin Letters of Jesuits -Wendy Laura Belcher". wendybelcher.com. Retrieved 4 February 2022</ref><ref>Parfitt R (17 January 2019). The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-316-51519-8</nowiki>.</ref> A shekara ta 575, Aksumiyawa sun kewaye birnin Sana'a suka sake mamaye birnin bayan kashe gwamnanta Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan.<ref>Berndl K (2005). National Geographic Visual History of the World. National Geographic Society. p. 333. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7922-3695-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Getamun, City of Gondar, p. 5</ref><ref>See Solomon Getamun, History of the City of Gondar (Africa World Press, 2005), pp.1–4</ref> An bar Bahar Maliya ga Khalifancin Rashidun a shekara ta 646,<ref>Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 297f</ref><ref>Gondar Period". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</ref><ref>Pankhurst, Richard (1967). The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 139–143.</ref> kuma musulmin Larabawa sun wawashe birnin Adulis mai tashar jiragen ruwa a karni na 8; tare da lalata ƙasa da ba za a iya jurewa ba, da'awar sauyin yanayi da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci daga 730 zuwa 760,<ref>Political Program of the Oromo People's Congress (OPC)". Gargaaraoromopc.org. 23 April 1996. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Middleton J (1 June 2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. pp. 39–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-45158-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Tibebu T (June 2018). "Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.279. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4</nowiki>.</ref> waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da mulkin ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci.<ref>Keller EJ (2005). "Making and Remaking State and Nation in Ethiopia". In Laremont RR (ed.). Borders, Nationalism, and the African State (PDF). Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 89–92. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-58826-340-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018.</ref><ref>The Egyptians in Abyssinia Archived 26 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Vislardica.com. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref> Aksum ya zo karshe a shekara ta 960 lokacin da Sarauniya Gudit ta yi nasara akan sarkin Aksum na karshe.<ref>Caulk R (1971). "The Occupation of Harar: January 1887". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 9 (2): 1–20. JSTOR 41967469.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref><ref>International Crisis Group, "Ethnic Federalism and its Discontents". Issue 153 of ''ICG Africa'' report (4 September 2009) p. 2; Italy lost over 4,600 nationals in this battle.</ref> A sakamakon haka, ragowar al'ummar Aksumiyya su koma yankin kudancin kasar, su kafa daular Zagwe, suka canza babban birninsu zuwa Lalibela.<ref>Negash, Tekeste. Eritrea and Ethiopia : The Federal Experience. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2005) <nowiki>ISBN 1-56000-992-6</nowiki> pp. 13–14</ref><ref>Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst". Time. 21 December 1987</ref><ref>Pankhurst R (1966). "The Great Ethiopian Famine of 1888–1892: A New Assessment". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 21 (2): 95–124.</ref> Mulkin Zagwe ya ƙare lokacin da wani babban mutum mai daraja na Amhara Yekuno Amlak ya yi tawaye ga Sarki Yetbarak kuma ya kafa daular Habasha (wanda aka sani da "Abyssinia").<ref>Broich T (2017). "U.S. and Soviet Foreign Aid during the Cold War – A Case Study of Ethiopia". The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2018.</ref><ref>Asnake Kefale, Tomasz Kamusella and Christopher Van der Beken. 2021. Eurasian Empires as Blueprints for Ethiopia: From Ethnolinguistic Nation-State to Multiethnic Federation. London: Routledge, pp. 23–34</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher (2005) "Ḫaylä Śəllase" in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1062–1063.</ref> Biete Medhane Alem, wanda aka gina a zamanin daular Zagwe a tsakiyar zamanai Daular Habasha ta fara fadada yankunan karkashin jagorancin Amda Seyon I.<ref>Tibebu T (1995). The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974. RedSeaPr. p. 145. <nowiki>ISBN 1569020019</nowiki>.</ref><ref>(1963) Haile Selassie, "Towards African Unity"". BlackPast.org. 7 August 2009</ref><ref>Will arms ban slow war?". BBC News. 18 May 2000. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>Clapham, "Ḫaylä Śəllase", Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, p. 1063.</ref> Ya kaddamar da yakin yaki da makiya musulmi na gabas, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi a cikin ma'auni wajen nuna goyon baya ga kiristoci tsawon shekaru biyu masu zuwa.<ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21</ref> Bayan nasarar yakin gabas da Amda Seyon ya yi, akasarin sarakunan musulmi a yankin kahon Afirka sun shiga karkashin mulkin daular Habasha.<ref>REMOVAL IS QUIET". The New York Times. Reuters. 13 September 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief". The New York Times. Reuters. 24 November 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref> An miƙe daga Gojjam zuwa gabar tekun Somaliya a cikin Zelia.<ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref> Daga cikin wadannan al'ummomin musulmi akwai masarautar Ifat. A zamanin sarki Zara Yaqob,<ref>Dagne HG (2006). The commitment of the German Democratic Republic in Ethiopia: a study based on Ethiopian sources. London: Global Lit. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-8258-9535-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>Oberdorfer D (March 1978). "The Superpowers and the Ogaden War". The Washington Post.</ref> daular Habasha ta kai kololuwarta.<ref>US admits helping Mengistu escape". BBC. 22 December 1999. Retrieved 13 December 2017</ref><ref>The Black Book of Communism, pp. 687–95</ref><ref>Ottaway DB (21 March 1979). "Addis Ababa Emerges From a Long, Bloody War". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref> Mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar mallakar yankuna daga sarakunan farko,<ref>Katz DR (21 September 1978). "Ethiopia After the Revolution: Vultures in the Land of Sheba". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref><ref>Stapleton TJ (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4408-3052-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections</ref> da kula da gina majami'u da gidajen ibada da yawa, haɓaka wallafe-wallafe da fasaha, da ƙarfafa ikon daular tsakiya.<ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections.</ref><ref>Crowell Anderson-Jaquest T (May 2002). "Restructuring the Soviet–Ethiopian Relationship: A Csse Study in Asymmetric Exchange" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science.</ref><ref>Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Mengistu Haile Mariam Interview (1990), 13 June 2020, retrieved 17 June 2021</ref> Magajin Ifat, Adal Sultanate,<ref>Tessema S (November 2017). "ADDIS ABABA". Anadolu Agency.</ref><ref>War 'devastated' Ethiopian economy". BBC News. 7 August 2001. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia and Eritrea declare end of war". BBC News. 9 July 2018.</ref> ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci Habasha a lokacin yaƙin Habasha-Adal, amma a ƙarshe an ci nasara a yakin Wayna Daga 1543.<ref>Why a photo of Mengistu has proved so controversial". BBC News. August 2018</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, pp. 121–23</ref><ref>Article 5" (PDF). Ethiopian Constitution. WIPO. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> A karni na 16, kwararowar 'yan kabilar Oromo zuwa sassan arewacin yankin ya wargaza karfin daular.<ref>Ahmed H, Goldstein J (24 September 2018). "Thousands Are Arrested in Ethiopia After Ethnic Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref>"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence". The Daily Star. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018</ref><ref>12 killed in latest attack in western Ethiopia". News24. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref> Da suka taso daga yankin Guji da Borena a yau, Oromos sun sami ƙwarin guiwa ne da ra'ayoyi da yawa na al'ada - tun daga Moggaasaa<ref>Fano Will Not Lay Down Arms If Demands Are Not Met: Chairman, retrieved 28 March 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopian parliament allows PM Abiy to stay in office beyond term". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 10 September 2020.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election". France 24. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020</ref> da Liqimssa - waɗanda yawancinsu ke da alaƙa da farmakin da suka kai. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa gada na Meslé.<ref>"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rockets hit outskirts of Eritrea capital". BBC News. 15 November 2020.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rights commission to investigate 'mass killings'". BBC News. 14 November 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Tigray leader confirms bombing Eritrean capital". Al-Jazeera. 15 November 2020</ref> A cewar Abba Bahrey, farkon fadada ya faru ne a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Dawit II (luba Melbah),<ref>Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers". The Globe and Mail. 15 March 2022.</ref><ref>Chothia F, Bekit T (19 October 2022). "Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022</ref><ref>Amhara conflict: Ethiopians massacred in their homes by government troops". 13 February 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> lokacin da suka mamaye Bale kafin su mamaye Adal Sultanate.<ref>Account (16 February 2024). "Statement on the Indiscriminate Massacre of the Residents of Merawi in Ethiopia". Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref><ref>CIA World Factbook – Rank Order – Area". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2008.</ref><ref>UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre</ref> Habasha ta ga babban huldar diflomasiyya da Portugal daga karni na 17, galibin alaka da addini. Tun daga 1555,<ref>Does It Snow In Ethiopia [Winter Travel]". 15 January 2023</ref><ref>While Egypt Struggles, Ethiopia Builds over the Blue Nile: Controversies and the Way Forward". Brookings.edu</ref><ref>Misiani HO, Finney DL, Segele ZT, Marsham JH, Tadege A, Artan G, Atheru Z (12 December 2020). "Circulation Patterns Associated with Current and Future Rainfall over Ethiopia and South Sudan from a Convection-Permitting Model". Atmosphere. 11 (12): 1352.</ref> Jesuits Portuguese sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka Roman Katolika a matsayin addinin jiha. Bayan gazawa da yawa, sun aika da masu mishan da yawa a cikin 1603,<ref>Ethiopia, Climate Change and Migration: A little more knowledge and a more nuanced perspective could greatly benefit thinking on policy – Ethiopia". ReliefWeb. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2020.</ref><ref>Dahir AL (5 March 2019). "Ethiopia is launching a global crowdfunding campaign to give its capital a green facelift". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Ethiopia PM hosts 'most expensive dinner'". 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref> ciki har da wanda ya fi tasiri, Mutanen Espanya Jesuit Pedro Paez.<ref>AfricaNews (14 May 2019). "Ethiopia PM raises over $25m for project to beautify Addis Ababa". Africanews. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Addisstandard (25 April 2019). "News: China's reprieve on interest-free loan only". Addis Standard. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Bicyclus, Site of Markku Savela</ref> A karkashin sarki Susenyos na I, Roman Katolika ya zama addinin daular Habasha a shekara ta 1622.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>United Nations Statistics Division, Millennium Development Goals indicators: Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), thousand tonnes of CO2 (collected by CDIAC) Human-produced, direct emissions of carbon dioxide only. Excludes other greenhouse gases; land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF); and natural background flows of CO2 (See also: Carbon cycle)</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Nations. Ethiopia Environment</ref> Wannan shawarar ta haifar da tashin hankali daga al'ummar Orthodox.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>Massicot, Paul (2005). Animal Info-Ethiopia.</ref><ref>Khoury CK, Achicanoy HA, Bjorkman AD, Navarro-Racines C, Guarino L, Flores-Palacios X, Engels JM, Wiersema JH, Dempewolf H (15 June 2016). "Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide". Proc. R. Soc. B. 283 (1832): 20160792. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0792. PMC 4920324.</ref><gallery> File:Ethopia Map-Konkani Vishwakosh.jpg|[[Fayil:Ethiopia 2012 (6904150641).jpg|thumb|ginin itofiya]]Taswiran Kasar Etofiya a zamanin da<ref>Lewis IM (27 August 1976). "The peoples and cultures of Ethiopia". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 194 (1114): 7–16. Bibcode:1976RSPSB.194....7L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1976.0061. ISSN 0080-4649. <nowiki>PMID 11482</nowiki>. S2CID 46723065.</ref> File:Chamber of Columns, Sof Omar Caves.jpg|Tsohon hoto a kasar ta Etofiya File:PR-CN-1972-185-Box-2-14 (35216667131).jpg|Sojan kasar Etofiya da shugaban kasa File:Gragne.jpg| Sassaken Gragne akan doki Fayil:Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:LocationEthiopia.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia relief location map.jpg|Map din itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia rainfall and seasons.png|Lokacin damuna a itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia flag black and white.jpg|Tutar itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|Itofiya File:Ethiopian Airlines A350 ET-ATQ.jpg| Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wassan alada a Itofiya Fayil:Sunrise at Ethiopia´s salt flats.jpg|Faduwar Rana itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wasanni a itofiya Fayil:A Step Forward, Ethiopia (13599989815).jpg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia - Lake Assale.jpg|Ruwan itofiya </gallery> == Habasha da Musulunci == Kasar habasha ita ce kasa ta farko da ta kare [[musulmin]] farko da su ka tsira daga arnan [[makka]],<ref>Liddell HG, Scott R. "Aithiops". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Schoff WH (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 62. Retrieved 28 September 2016.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref> da kyakkyawar dangantakar da take tsakanin musulmai da habasha a zamanin Annabi Muhammad (S. A. W)<ref>Ansari A (7 October 2009). "Oldest human skeleton offers new clues to evolution". CNN.com/technology. Retrieved 2 March 2011.</ref><ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Mother of man – 3.2 million years ago". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2009</ref> [[Manzon Allah|manzon Allah,]] amma ta soma wargajewa tsakanin habasha da kasashen musulinci a zamanin [[Umar dan khaddab]] yardar Allah ta Kara tabbata a ga reshi,<ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Institute of Human Origins: Lucy's Story". 15 June 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2017</ref><ref>Mcdougall I, Brown H, Fleagle G (February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–36. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. <nowiki>PMID 15716951</nowiki>. S2CID 1454595.</ref> a wannan lokacin habashawa suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a tashar jirgin ruwa ta [[jidda]] kasar [[saudiyya]] abin da yasa musulmai suka maida martani.<ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>Callaway E (7 June 2017). "Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22114. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</ref> A shekara ta 83 ta hijira musulmai suka kama wani birni a kusa da habasha dan su ringa lura da habashawa, a shekara ta 1510 bayan haihuwar Annabi '''Isah'''<ref>Hammond AS, Royer DF, Fleagle JG (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. Bibcode:2017JHumE.108..199H. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. <nowiki>PMID 28552208</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Zarins J (1990). "Early Pastoral Nomadism and the Settlement of Lower Mesopotamia". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 280 (280): 31–65. doi:10.2307/1357309. JSTOR 1357309. S2CID 163491760.</ref> sarauniyar habasha ta aika manzo na musamman zuwa ga aiman wail sarkin Burtugal dan saboda ya ci musulmai da yaki a taikun [[Indiya]] ta kuma nemi hadin kai daga wajan shi dan ya turamata da sojoji ta yaki [[makka]] sai ya yadda da maganarta ya turumata sojojin masu dumbin yawa ko da haka musulmai sun ci su da yaki sun kashe musu babban hafsan sojojin su,<ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Güldemann T (2018). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 311. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9</ref><ref>Campbell L (2021). Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-262-54218-0</nowiki>.</ref> amma duk da haka musulmai basusamu dama sun shiga habasha ba.<ref>Campbell L (2021). ''Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition''. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. ISBN <bdi>978-0-262-54218-0</bdi>.</ref><ref>Zimmer C (8 August 2019). "In the Ethiopian Mountains, Ancient Humans Were Living the High Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref><ref>Katz B. "Archaeologists Uncover Evidence of an Ancient High-Altitude Human Dwelling". Smithsonian. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> == Addinai == * 40% kirista<ref>Smith KN (9 August 2019). "The first people to live at high elevations snacked on giant mole rats". Ars Technica. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 45% musulunci<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019</ref> * 10% brutustan<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 5% yahudawa da wa yanda basuda addini<ref>Miehe G, Opgenoorth L, Zech W, Woldu Z, Vogelsang R, Veit H, Nemomissa S, Negash A, Nauss T (9 August 2019). "Middle Stone Age foragers resided in high elevations of the glaciated Bale Mountains, Ethiopia". Science. 365 (6453): 583–587. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..583O. doi:10.1126/science.aaw8942. ISSN 0036-8075. <nowiki>PMID 31395781</nowiki>. S2CID 199505803.</ref> '''kasashen da suke makotaka da jihohin Itofiya''' == Iyaka == Itofiya tana daya daga cikin kasashe da suke gabashin afirika tana makotaka da kasashe biyar sune :- * daga nahiyar arewaci [[Eritrea]]<ref>Sahle Y, Hutchings WK, Braun DR, Sealy JC, Morgan LE, Negash A, Atnafu B (2013). Petraglia MD (ed.). "Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78092. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878092S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092. PMC 3827237. <nowiki>PMID 24236011</nowiki>.</ref> * daga yammaci [[Sudan]] <ref>Sahle Y, Brooks AS (2018). "Assessment of complex projectiles in the early Late Pleistocene at Aduma, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216716. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416716S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216716. PMC 6508696. <nowiki>PMID 31071181</nowiki>.</ref> * daga kudanci [[Kenya]]<ref>Munro-Hay, p. 57</ref> * daga gabashin [[Somaliya]]<ref>Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.) (2005) Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, "Ge'ez". Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 732</ref> * daga arewa maso gabashin [[Jibuti]] == Jihohin kasar == [[File:Ethiopia regions numbered.png|300px|thumb|right|Bizunga ya Itofiya.]] kuma tanada jihohi goma sha daya ko wace jiha da sunan kabila mafi yawa sone:- * 1 [[Addis Ababa]] <ref>Munro-Hay, p. 13</ref> * 2 [[Afar]] <ref>Solomonic Descent in Ethiopian History". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</ref> * 3 [[Amhara]] <ref>Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2007). The history of Ethiopia. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 171. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0</nowiki>.</ref> * 4 [[Benishangul-Gumuz]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). BritishMuseum.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 5 [[Dire Dawa]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). ''BritishMuseum.org''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 6 [[Gambela]] <ref>Gold production". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2024.</ref> * 7 [[Harari]] <ref>Karl W. Butzer, "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation", American Antiquity 46, (July 1981), p. 495</ref> * 8 [[Oromia]] <ref>Kingdom of Abyssinia". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref> * 9 [[Somali]] <ref>A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe". 9 January 2022</ref> * 10 Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region<ref>Ethiopia The Zagwe Dynasty – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". photius.com. Retrieved 16 December 2021.</ref> * 11 [[Tigray]]<ref>Pankhurst R (1982). History of Ethiopian Towns. Steiner. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-515-03204-9</nowiki>.</ref> game da haka sunada bine biyu na masamman yaren [[amhari]] sune [[Adis ababa]] da [[dira dawa]]<ref>UNESCO General History of Africa. University of California Press. 3 November 1992. p. 283. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-06698-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Gondar Fasiladas Bath Timket.jpg|Jama'a sun taru a wurin wankan Fasiladas a Gondar, Habasha, don bikin Timket - Epiphany na Cocin Orthodox na Habasha. File:Dallol-2001.jpg|Dutse mai aman wuta, mai suna Dallo File:FasilidasPalaceGonder.jpg|Fadar Fasilidas, Gonder File:The Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, calling on the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh in New Delhi on November 06, 2007.jpg| prime ministan Etofiya Mr Zeles Zewani a India tare da Dr Manmohan Singh a Delhi File:Manmohan Singh with the Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. Stephen Harper, the President of South Africa, Mr. Jacob Zuma and the Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, at the plenary session of G-20 Summit, in Cannes.jpg| Su biyu da wasu shuwagabannin kasa </gallery>{{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiopia}} [[Category:kasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasar Itofiya]] tbaundcqf10dyqimceny6o438nr19u9 888122 888121 2026-07-27T15:59:52Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|thumb|Yankin itofiya a duniya]] '''Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Itofiya:''' da turanci '''''[[Ethiopian Airlines|Ethiopia]],'''''da harshen amhare ( ኢትዮጵያ )<ref>Emi I (4 March 2020). "Ethiopia to Add 4 more Official Languages to Foster Unity". Ventures Africa. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref><ref>Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts". Nazret. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Shaban A. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</ref> ada an santa da suna [[habasha]], kasa ce dake a kudancin [[Afirka]].<ref>Ethiopian Constitution". www.africa.upenn.edu</ref><ref>Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Population Census Commission. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2020.</ref><ref>"Country Level". 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. CSA. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2013</ref> Ta kasancee'yantacciyar kasa ce wadda turawan mulkin mallaka basu mulke ta ba har zuwa shekara ta (1936)<ref>Zenawism as ethnic-federalism" (PDF)</ref><ref>"Is Ethiopia Democratic? A Bureaucratic Authoritarian Regime". Journal of Democracy. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref><ref>Ethiopia- The World Factbook". www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 19 July 2021.</ref> sai sojojin [[Italiya]] suka fada cikin kasar amma 'yan kasar suka yi taron-dangi da sojojin [[Birtaniya]] suka kori sojojin [[Italiya]] a shekara ta, (1941)<ref>Population Size by Sex, Area and Density by Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2024" (PDF). ess.gov.et. Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS). Retrieved 3 June 2025.</ref><ref>"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Ethiopia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref> ammah batasamu 'yancin kanta ba sai da ƙasar [[ingila]] tasa mata hannu a shekara ta [[1944|(1944]].)<ref>"Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021</ref><ref>Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. 8 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</ref><ref>UNESCO - Ethiopian epiphany". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Haplic Fluvisol in Sinkata Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Yara kewa sa]] A cikin ƙarni na bakwai kafin haifuwar [[Annabi Isah]] habashawa sun musu masarauta Aksum a gefan,<ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2022. (Archived 2022 edition.)</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 5 April 2021.</ref><ref>Kessler DF (2012). The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-283-70872-2</nowiki>. OCLC 819506475.</ref> kogin [[maliya]] babban birnita Aksum a yanzu ansanta da Eritrea kuma a shekara ta (500)<ref>Hopkin M (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-10. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref><ref>Li J, Absher D, Tang H, Southwick A, Casto A, Ramachandran S, Cann H, Barsh G, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza L, Myers R (2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science. 319 (5866): 1100–04. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. <nowiki>PMID 18292342</nowiki>. S2CID 53541133.</ref><ref>Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says". Bloomberg News. 21 February 2008. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> kafin haifuwar annabi Isah manoma da 'yan kasuwanci da suka zo daga ƙasashen [[larabawa]] suka hadu suka yi musu yare daya kuma suka dai-dai ta rubutun su,<ref>Kaplan K (21 February 2008). "Around the world from Addis Ababa". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Abbink J (1998). "An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 11 (2): 109–124. doi:10.1080/13696819808717830. hdl:1887/9486. ISSN 1369-6815. JSTOR 1771876.</ref><ref>Moore DH (1936). "Christianity in Ethiopia". Church History. 5 (3): 271–284. doi:10.2307/3160789. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3160789. S2CID 162029676.</ref> a tsakiyar ƙarni na hudu se sarki Izana ya shiga tare da 'yan cerci ta [[Misra]],<ref>Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia" (PDF). 12 April 2022</ref><ref>BBC Staff (3 November 2020). "Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state". BBC. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</ref><ref>"Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS". Daily News Egypt. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref> a karni na bakwai bayan haihuwar '''annabi isah (A.S.W)''' kogin [[maliya]] yazama a hannun musulmai,<ref>Africa S (29 August 2020). "Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower". SomTribune. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref>5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch". World Economic Forum. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref name=":0">Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 23 December 2021</ref><ref name=":0" /> sai Aksum ta rasa kasuwancin ta da alakar ta da taikun [[Indiya]],<ref>"GAL country profile - Ethiopia" (PDF). www.uil.unesco.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025</ref><ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref> a karni na goma sai masarautar Aksum ta ruguje tazama tare da wane cerci na '''Ethiopia''' a shekara ta 800 bayan haifuwar '''annabi Isah''' manoma suka kama biya inshura ga gwamnati kuma suna gina curci curcin da suka fadi har yanzu da kuma sauran su,<ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref><ref>Africa Geoscience Review, Volume 10. Rock View International. 2003. p. 366. Retrieved 9 August 2014.</ref><ref>Bekerie A (2004). "Ethiopica: Some Historical Reflections on the Origin of the Word Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 1 (2): 110–121. ISSN 1543-4133. JSTOR 27828841.</ref> a da Ethiopia ma'anarta konannar fuska ko bakar fuska.<ref>Homer, Odyssey 1.22–4.</ref><ref>Hatke G (2013). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. pp. 52–53. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8147-6066-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Cp. Ezekiel 29:10</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Habasha ta yi rajista mafi saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Meles Zenawi.<ref>"Ethio Telecom forecasts 19% rise in revenue in 2023/24". Reuters. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024</ref><ref>'''^''' ''The Economist'' 22 May 2010, page 49</ref><ref>Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow". BBC. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</ref> A cewar IMF, Habasha na daya daga cikin kasashe masu saurin bunkasar tattalin arziki a duniya, inda ta yi rijista sama da kashi 10 cikin 100 na bunkasuwar tattalin arziki daga 2004 zuwa 2009.<ref name=":4">Stylianou N. "Coffee under threat". BBC News</ref><ref>Cook R (2 September 2015). "World Cattle Inventory: Ranking of countries (FAO) | Cattle Network". www.cattlenetwork.com. Farm Journal. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ita ce tattalin arzikin Afirka mafi saurin bunƙasa ba tare da dogaro da mai ba a cikin shekarun 2007 zuwa 2008.<ref>Ethiopia's flower trade in full bloom". Mail & Guardian. 19 February 2006. Archived from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007. Floriculture has become a flourishing business in Ethiopia in the past five years, with the industry's exports earnings set to grow to $100-million by 2007, a five-fold increase on the $20-million earned in 2005. Ethiopian flower exports could generate an estimated $300-million within two to three years, according to the head of the government export-promotion department, Melaku Legesse.</ref><ref>Averill V (31 May 2007). "Ethiopia's designs on leather trade". BBC. Retrieved 21 June 2007. The label inside the luxuriously soft black leather handbag reads Taytu: Made In Ethiopia. But the embroidered print on the outside, the chunky bronze rings attached to the fashionably short straps and the oversized "it" bag status all scream designer chic.</ref><ref>Pavanello, Sara 2010. Working across borders – Harnessing the potential of cross-border activities to improve livelihood security in the Horn of Africa drylands Archived 12 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. London: Overseas Development Institute</ref> A cikin shekarar 2015, Bankin Duniya ya nuna cewa Habasha ta sami saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin tare da haɓakar ainihin kayan cikin gida (GDP) a matsakaicin 10.9% tsakanin 2004 da 2014.<ref>"Largest hydro electric power plant goes smoothly". English.people.com.cn. 12 April 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2010.</ref><ref>Hydroelectric Power Plant built". Addistribune.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>"The "white oil" of Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.. ethiopianreporter.com</ref> A cikin Shekara ta 2008 da 2011, ayyukan ci gaban Habasha da ci gaban da aka samu sun fuskanci ƙalubale sakamakon hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da mawuyacin halin ma'auni na biyan kuɗi.<ref>Project Summary". AKH Project owners. January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopia–Djibouti electric railway line opens". railwaygazette.com. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</ref><ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref> Haɓakar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya haura zuwa kashi 40 cikin 100 a watan Agustan 2011 saboda rashin daidaiton manufofin kuɗi, ƙarin ƙarin albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati a farkon 2011, da tsadar abinci.<ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref><ref>"Zeresenay Alemseged – National Geographic Society". www.nationalgeographic.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref> Duk da saurin bunƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, GDP na kowane mutum yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya, kuma tattalin arzikin yana fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa na tsarin. Dangane da bayanan baya-bayan nan daga shekarar 2019,<ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref><ref>Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref><ref>"Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref> kashi 68.7% na yawan jama'a suna fama da talauci da yawa da kuma ƙarin 18.4% masu rauni zuwa gare shi.<ref>Ethiopian Traditional Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs". EthnoMed. Retrieved 31 January 2022.</ref><ref>Explore All Countries – Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2021. landlocked – entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref> Tare da sanya hannun jari mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan jama'a da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, Habasha tana ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin tsarinta ta zama cibiyar samar da haske a Afirka.<ref>Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005.</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref><ref name=":5">Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":5" /> A cikin 2019 an zartar da wata doka da ta ba wa 'yan Habasha 'yan gudun hijira damar saka hannun jari a masana'antar hidimar hada-hadar kudi ta Habasha.<ref>World Refugee Survey 2008". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.</ref><ref>Racin, L. (4 March 2008) "Future Shock: How Environmental Change and Human Impact Are Changing the Global Map". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.</ref><ref>Ofcansky, T and Berry, L. "Ethiopia: A Country Study". Edited by Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Countrystudies.us</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Habasha ya fayyace cewa ‘yancin mallakar filaye na “jahar da jama’a ne kawai”, amma ‘yan kasar na iya yin hayar filaye har na tsawon shekaru 99,<ref>Shivley, K. "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</ref><ref>Belete A (1991). "Development of agriculture in Ethiopia since the 1975 land reform" (PDF). Agricultural Economics. 6 (2): 159–75. doi:10.1016/0169-5150(91)90022-D (inactive 19 January 2025).</ref><ref>Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017". Government of Ethiopia. Retrieved 20 April 2016.</ref> amma ba za su iya yin jinginar gida ko sayarwa ba. Ana ba da izinin yin hayar filaye na tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma ana tsammanin wannan zai tabbatar da cewa ƙasar ta tafi ga mafi yawan masu amfani. Ana daukar rabon filaye da gudanar da mulki a matsayin wani yanki da aka kafa cin hanci da rashawa,<ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Poverty in Ethiopia Down 33 Percent Since 2000". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> kuma sau da yawa ana neman biyan sauƙaƙawa da kuma cin hanci lokacin da ake fuskantar al’amuran da suka shafi ƙasa.<ref>Condominium housing in Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 4 January 2017</ref><ref>Glottolog 4.8 - Languages of Ethiopia". glottolog.org. Retrieved 30 August 2023.</ref><ref>Languages of Ethiopia". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</ref> Da yake babu mallakar filaye, ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa galibi ana yin su ne kawai ba tare da tambayar masu amfani da filaye ba,<ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>FDRE. "Federal Negarit Gazeta Establishment Proclamation" (PDF). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2021.</ref><ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref> wanda daga nan sai a koma gudun hijira ba tare da gida ko fili ba. Yawan fushi da rashin yarda wani lokaci yakan haifar da zanga-zangar jama'a.<ref name=":6">Fattovich, Rodolfo (2003) "Akkälä Guzay" in von Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Weissbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, p.169.</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>Mpoche, Kizitus, Mbuh, Tennu, eds. (2006). Language, literature, and identity. Cuvillier. pp. 163–64. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-86537-839-2</nowiki>.</ref> Bugu da kari, amfanin noma ya ragu sosai, kuma har yanzu ana fama da fari da yawa a kasar, wanda hakan ke haddasa rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin gida.<ref>"Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 10 November 2006</ref><ref>Abegaz B (1 June 2005). "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" (PDF). Retrieved 27 July 2017.</ref><ref>Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013</ref> == Makamashi da wutar lantarki == Habasha na da manyan koguna 14 da ke kwarara daga tsaunukanta, ciki har da kogin Nilu. Tana da mafi girman wuraren ajiyar ruwa a Afirka.<ref>Davis LD (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. p. 342. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8146-5616-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The History of Ethiopian Jews". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Thomas P Ofcansky LB (2004). Ethiopia: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 130–41. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4191-1857-9</nowiki>.</ref> Ya zuwa 2012, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki suna wakiltar kusan kashi 88.2% na jimillar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>(Kater, 2000)</ref><ref>(Dorman et al., 2009, p. 622).</ref><ref name=":7">Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":7" /> Babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha da aka gina tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2023, wanda zai zama madatsar ruwa mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref>"WaterAid UK – Where we work – Ethiopia"</ref><ref>Ethiopia – Health and Welfare". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> An samar da ragowar wutar lantarki daga burbushin mai (8.3%) da hanyoyin sabunta (3.6%). Adadin wutar lantarki na jimillar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2016 ya kai kashi 42%, tare da kashi 85% a cikin birane da kuma kashi 26% a yankunan karkara. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016,<ref>Global distribution of health workers in WHO Member States" (PDF). The World Health Report 2006. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Ethiopia". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 9 September 2015.</ref><ref>Hanlon C, Eshetu T, Alemayehu D, Fekadu A, Semrau M, Thornicroft G, Kigozi F, Marais DL, Petersen I, Alem A (8 June 2017). "Health system governance to support scale up of mental health care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study". International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 11: 38. doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0144-4. PMC 5465569. <nowiki>PMID 28603550</nowiki>.</ref> jimlar samar da wutar lantarki ya kai TW⋅h 11.15 kuma ana amfani da shi ya kai 9.062 TW⋅h. An fitar da wutar lantarki 0.166 TW⋅h, da 0 kW⋅h da aka shigo da su, da kuma 2.784 GW na karfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>Teferra D, Altbach PG (2003). African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook. Indiana University Press. pp. 316–25. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-253-34186-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref><ref>Education in Ethiopia". WENR. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2022.</ref> Habasha tana isar da kusan kashi 81% na yawan ruwa zuwa kogin Nilu ta cikin kogin Blue Nile, kogin Sobat da Atbara.<ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref><ref>"Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref> A shekara ta 1959, Masar da Sudan sun rattaba hannu kan wata yerjejeniya ta kasashen biyu, yarjejeniyar ruwan Nilu ta shekarar 1959,<ref>Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref name=":8">The 20th century has resulted in Ethiopia connecting towards the world with students of art learning the styles of western art, most notably Afewerk Tekle a laureate and others during the end of Menelik's reign and other monarchs right after</ref><ref name=":8" /> wadda ta bai wa kasashen biyu ‘yancin kan ruwa na ruwan Nilu.<ref>Ethiopia has produced many reputable contemporary painters and muralists, most notable among whom is Laureate Afewerk Tekle</ref><ref>Lalibela was mainly built as a 'new Jerusalem' for Ethiopian pilgrims set to go to Jerusalem nonetheless barred from by Muslim conquests [1] [2] [3]</ref><ref>"The Use of DMT in Early Masonic Ritual". Reality Sandwich. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref> Tun daga lokacin, Masar ta hana kusan dukkan ayyukan da ake yi a Habasha da ke neman amfani da magudanan ruwan Nilu na cikin gida.<ref>"Architecture of Aksun and Lalibela". kolibri.teacherinabox.org.au. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</ref><ref>Marilyn Eiseman Heldman, Frē Ṣeyon (1994). The Marian Icons of the Painter Frē Ṣeyon: A Study of Fifteenth-century Ethiopian Art, Patronage, and Spirituality. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 75. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-03540-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Nosnitsin D (2012). "Ethiopian Manuscripts and Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. A brief Overview and Evaluation". Gazette du livre médiéval. 58 (1): 1–16. doi:10.3406/galim.2012.1993.</ref> Wannan ya yi tasiri wajen hana tallafin samar da wutar lantarki daga waje da ayyukan ban ruwa a yammacin Habasha,<ref name=":9">Smidt WG (2015). "Gorgoryos and Ludolf: The Ethiopian and German Fore-Fathers of Ethiopian Studies: An Ethiopian scholar's 1652 visit to Thuringia" (PDF). ITYOP̣IS: Northeast African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":9" /><ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195</ref> wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan raya tattalin arziki na tushen albarkatun ruwa. Sai dai kasar Habasha na shirin gina wani katafaren madatsar ruwa mai karfin megawatt 6,450 a kogin Blue Nile.<ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195.</ref><ref>Getachew F (2 March 2015). "Ethiopia: Haddis Alemayehu - the Unique Personality in Ethiopian Literature". The Ethiopian Herald.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "20 Of The Best Poets And Poems of Ethiopia (Qene included) — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 18 December 2021.</ref> An kammala shi a shekara ta 2023, wannan babbar madatsar ruwa ta Habasha za ta kasance tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Tekle A (1994). Eritrea and Ethiopia: from conflict to cooperation. The Red Sea Press. p. 197. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-932415-97-4</nowiki>. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan have significant similarities emanating not only from culture, religion, traditions, history and aspirations ... They appreciate similar foods and spices, beverages and sweets, fabrics and tapestry, lyrics and music, and jewellery and fragrances.</ref><ref>Abdullahi MD (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2</nowiki>. Somali music, a unique kind of music that might be mistaken at first for music from nearby countries such as Ethiopia, the Sudan, or even Arabia, can be recognized by its own tunes and styles.</ref><ref>About St. Yared – St. Yared Ethiopian Cuisine & Coffeehaus – Indianapolis IN". www.styaredcuisine.com. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</ref> Aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Gibe III ya zuwa yanzu shi ne mafi girma a kasar tare da samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 1,870. A cikin shekara ta 2017-18 (2010 E.C)<ref>Page WF (2001). Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2. Facts on File. p. 230. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8160-4472-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "Music in Ethiopia — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Page WF (2001). ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2''. Facts on File. p. 230. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8160-4472-6</bdi>.</ref> wannan madatsar ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta samar da 4,900 GW⋅h.[245] === Tsufa === === Manyan labaran: D'mt da Mulkin Aksum === === Kudin Akshaye === A cikin 980 BC, an kafa D'Mt a cikin Are Eritrea da kuma arewacin Ethiopia a yankin Tigray,<ref>Mongabay.com Ethiopia statistics. (n.d). Retrieved 18 November 2006, from Rainforests.mongabay.com</ref><ref>Grantham HS, Duncan A, Evans TD, Jones KR, Beyer HL, Schuster R, Walston J, Ray JC, Robinson JG, Callow M, Clements T, Costa HM, DeGemmis A, Elsen PR, Ervin J, Franco P, Goldman E, Goetz S, Hansen A, Hofsvang E, Jantz P, Jupiter S, Kang A, Langhammer P, Laurance WF, Lieberman S, Linkie M, Malhi Y, Maxwell S, Mendez M, Mittermeier R, Murray NJ, Possingham H, Radachowsky J, Saatchi S, Samper C, Silverman J, Shapiro A, Strassburg B, Stevens T, Stokes E, Taylor R, Tear T, Tizard R, Venter O, Visconti P, Wang S, Watson JE (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. <nowiki>PMID 33293507</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Environmental Profile". Mongabay. 4 February 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</ref> kuma an yi imani da cewa yanayin da zai gaje ya zama magaji ya zama magajinsa.<ref>Parry, J (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved 22 November 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).</ref><ref>See Federal High Court Establishment Proclamation No.322/2003. Federal High Courts have been placed in the following states: Afar, Benshngul/Gumuz, Gambela, Somali, and SNNPR.</ref><ref>Iyyer C (2009). Land Management: Challenges & Strategies. Global India Publications. p. 16. <nowiki>ISBN 978-93-80228-48-8</nowiki>.</ref> Wannan babban birnin kasar da aka samu a Yeha a cikin menene yanzu yanzu Habasha.<ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, as amended by Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 138/1998, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 254/2001, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 321/2003, and Federal Courts Proclamation (Reamendment) Proclamation 454/2005 (Federal Courts Proclamation), Article 24(3).</ref><ref>Constitution of Ethiopia – 8 December 1994". Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.</ref><ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, Article 3.</ref> Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi la'akari da wannan wayewar dan adam dan kasar Habasha na asalin kasar, kodayake a farkon lokacin da suka ba da gudummawa saboda yawan tasirin Bahar Maliya.<ref>Ethiopia – Country Governance Profile EN.pdf. OSGE and OREB. March 2009. p. 14.</ref><ref>Ethiopia | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2015". freedomhouse.org. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, p. 142</ref> Sauran malamai sun dauki matsayin wata kungiyar al'adun afroasicic da rassan da ke magana da kayayyaki da kuma semitic; Wato,<ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles has died: state television". Reuters. 21 August 2012.</ref><ref>Map of Freedom 2007". Freedom House. 2007. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2007.</ref><ref>Lough R (22 August 2012). "Ethiopia acting PM to remain at helm until 2015". Reuters.</ref> jama'ar lard na gida da Sabaenans daga Kudancin Arabia. Duk da haka, Geez,<ref>Malone B (27 May 2015). "Profile: Ethiopia's 'placeholder' PM quietly holds on". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 July 2015.</ref><ref>Maasho A (8 August 2016). "At least 33 protesters killed in Ethiopia's Oromiya region: opposition". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":1">"Ethiopia declares state of emergency". BBC News. 16 February 2018.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> tsohon Semit Harshen Habasha na Habasha na Habasha, ana tunanin ya haɓaka da kansa daga yaren Sabaenan.<ref>"Six million children threatened by Ethiopia drought: UN". Terradaily.com. Retrieved 16 March 200</ref> A farkon rabin 2000 BC, sauran masu magana da Semitic suna zaune a Habasha da Eritrea inda Gealz ya kirkira. <ref>AfricaNews. "Ethiopia declares 6 months state of emergency over Oromia protests | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 7 November 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister wins the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize". CNN News. 16 October 2019</ref><ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref> Yanzu haka Sabaea ya kasance yana tunanin ya kasance ƙarami,<ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). p.17. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Country Profile". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ottaway M (1995). "The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New Authoritarianism?". Northeast African Studies. 2 (3): 67–84. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0028. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 41931114.</ref> iyakance ga wasu ƙananan yankuna, kuma ya ɓace bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ko karni.<ref>Failure to Stand for Democracy in Ethiopia Has Weakened Democracy Worldwide". The Institute for Peace and Diplomacy - l’Institut pour la paix et la diplomatie. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref> Wataƙila mulkin ciniki ne ko kuma mallaka na soja cikin Alliance tare da Wuta ta Habasha ko kuma wasu ƙasashen Preto-Axumite.<ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Gedamu Y (16 June 2020). "Abiy put Ethiopia on the road to democracy: but major obstacles still stand in the way". The Conversation. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Mulatu Wubneh (2017). "Ethnic Identity Politics and the Restructuring of Administrative Units in Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 11 (1 & 2): 105–138. JSTOR 26586251</ref> Daular Axum a ganiya a karni na 6 Bayan faɗuwar D'Mt a karni na 4 BC, filin duniya Filato ya zo da mulkin magazarta.<ref>Ethiopia Political Map and Regions | Mappr". www.mappr.co. 14 January 2019</ref><ref>Vértesy L, Lemango T (2022). "Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia". De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico. XIII (1–2): 62–75. ISSN 1789-0446 – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Land of Punt". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 29 January 2022.</ref> A cikin karni na 1 AD, mulkin Aksharum ya fito a cikin abin da yake yanzu yankin Tigray da Eritrea.<ref>The political history of the Ethiopian community, and their struggle for ownership of this small monastery, is retold in Chris Proutky, Empress Taytu and Menelik II (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 247–256</ref><ref>"Ethiopia – Agoa.info – African Growth and Opportunity Act". agoa.info. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</ref><ref>Although Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), believes that the Suez Canal brought strategic value to the Red Sea region (p. 73), Sven Rubenson, The Survival of Ethiopian Independence (Hollywood: Tsehai,1991) argues that only with the Mahdi War did the United Kingdom interest themselves once again in Ethiopia (pp. 283ff).</ref> A cewar littafin Axum, babban babban babban babban birnin farko, Itiyopis, ɗan Cush.<ref>Gregory W. "Obama Becomes First Sitting U.S. President To Visit Ethiopia". National Public Radio. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</ref><ref>Onyulo T (26 July 2015). "Obama visit highlights Ethiopia's role in fighting Islamist terrorists". USA Today.</ref><ref>"Decision on the Report of the Fifth Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee on Defence, Security and Safety Doc. EX.CL/698(XX)" (PDF). African Union. Retrieved 14 August 2024</ref> Daga baya ya mika akmarinum a baya a wasu lokata a wannan gefen Bahar Maliya.<ref>Walsh D (9 February 2020). "For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020.</ref><ref>An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam". Quartz. 27 June 2020.</ref><ref>Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 15 July 2020.</ref> A cikin Peran Annabi Mani da aka lissafa Axum tare da Rome, Farisa,<ref>Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref> da China a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan iko guda hudu na zamanin sa, a cikin karni na 3.<ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023.</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref> An kuma yi imani da cewa akwai wata alaka tsakanin majami'u na Masarawa.<ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>"Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020.</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</ref> Akwai tabbataccen shaida cewa Akshumite suna da alaƙa da Sarauniyar Sheba, ta hanyar rubutun sarauta.<ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk</ref><ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023</ref> Forawa 316 AD, FRUMEMIUS da ɗan'uwansa Edesius daga Taya tare da kawunsu a kan Habasha zuwa Habasha.<ref name=":2">Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /> Lokacin da tukunyar ta tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa mai launin tekun, da natifa suka kashe masu tafiyar matafiya sai dai 'yan'uwan biyu biyu, waɗanda aka kai a kotu a matsayin bayi.<ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Sanarwar amintattu ne suka bashe su, suka musulunta a kori shugaban sarki ya yi karatun Kiristanci.<ref>USA I (August 2013). Ethiopia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Lulu.com. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4387-6981-3</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Federal Police" (PDF). FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA. 29 June 2022.</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation. 31 May 2024</ref> Frumpentius ya zama bishop na farko na Akkum.<ref>World Economic Outlook" (PDF). IMF. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure"". Human Rights Watch. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2021.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: IMF Positive on Country's Growth Outlook". allAfrica. Retrieved 13 January 2013</ref> A tsabar kudin ya nuna 324 ya nuna cewa kasar Habasha ita ce kasa da ta biyu da ta dauki addinin Kiristanci (bayan da duk da cewa ana iya yin hakan a cikin da'irar kotu;<ref>conomic Overview". World Bank. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2016.</ref><ref>Ethiopia to launch four more industry parks within two years". Reuters. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>"With Continued Rapid Growth, Ethiopia is Poised to Become a Middle Income Country by 2025". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> Wannan shi ne babban iko na farko da yin hakan.<ref>Sze M (12 August 2019). "Ethiopia to Open Banks for Ethiopian Investors in the Diaspora". W7 News. Retrieved 14 August 2019.</ref><ref>Power generation begins at 1,870-MW Gibe III hydroelectric project in Ethiopia". www.hydroworld.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016</ref><ref>Business Corruption in Ethiopia". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014</ref> AKSUMITEITY sun kasance sumbata ga Greco-Roman da ke da mahimman dangantakar al'adu da kuma ular kasuwanci da empire da emeral, a cikin kwasfa da emerals, da kuma shigo da siliki.<ref>Eastwood V, Elbagir N (31 May 2012). "Ethiopia powers on with controversial dam project". CNN. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>Get the gangsters out of the food chain". The Economist. 7 June 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Wilkin P, Demissew S, Willis K, Woldeyes F, Davis AP, Molla EL, Janssens S, Kallow S, Berhanu A (2019). "Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple". Annals of Botany. 123 (5): 747–766. doi:10.1093/aob/mcy214. PMC 6526316. <nowiki>PMID 30715125</nowiki>.</ref> Aikin zinare a cikin 2015 shine tan 9 na awo.<ref name=":3">Tikuye E (21 January 2023). "Fixing Addis light rail may cost at least $60 million". The Reporter (Ethiopia). Retrieved 10 March 2024.</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":3" /> === Tsakanin Zamani === Babban labarin: Habasha a tsakiyar zamanai Masarautar ta karɓi sunan "Ethiopia" a zamanin mulkin Ezana a karni na 4.<ref>Abir M (28 October 2013). Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. Routledge. pp. 22–70. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-136-28090-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Connel & Killion 2011, p. 160.</ref><ref>Mohammed AK (2013). The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-643-90332-7</nowiki>.</ref> Bayan cin nasarar daular Kush a shekara ta 330, yankin Aksumite ya kai kololuwarsa tsakanin ƙarni na 5 da na 6.<ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Hassen M (2017). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300–1700. James Currey. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84701-161-9</nowiki>. OCLC 962017017.</ref> An katse wannan lokacin ta hanyar kutse da dama cikin yankin kariyar Larabawa ta Kudu,<ref>Pankhurst 1997, p. 301</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: The Trials of the Christian Kingdom and the Decline of Imperial Power ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_02"". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries"</ref> gami da Dhu Nuwas na Yahudawa na Masarautar Himyarite da yaƙe-yaƙe na Aksumite-Farisiya.<ref>Cohen L (2009). The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-05892-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Latin Letters of Jesuits -Wendy Laura Belcher". wendybelcher.com. Retrieved 4 February 2022</ref><ref>Parfitt R (17 January 2019). The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-316-51519-8</nowiki>.</ref> A shekara ta 575, Aksumiyawa sun kewaye birnin Sana'a suka sake mamaye birnin bayan kashe gwamnanta Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan.<ref>Berndl K (2005). National Geographic Visual History of the World. National Geographic Society. p. 333. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7922-3695-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Getamun, City of Gondar, p. 5</ref><ref>See Solomon Getamun, History of the City of Gondar (Africa World Press, 2005), pp.1–4</ref> An bar Bahar Maliya ga Khalifancin Rashidun a shekara ta 646,<ref>Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 297f</ref><ref>Gondar Period". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</ref><ref>Pankhurst, Richard (1967). The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 139–143.</ref> kuma musulmin Larabawa sun wawashe birnin Adulis mai tashar jiragen ruwa a karni na 8; tare da lalata ƙasa da ba za a iya jurewa ba, da'awar sauyin yanayi da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci daga 730 zuwa 760,<ref>Political Program of the Oromo People's Congress (OPC)". Gargaaraoromopc.org. 23 April 1996. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Middleton J (1 June 2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. pp. 39–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-45158-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Tibebu T (June 2018). "Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.279. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4</nowiki>.</ref> waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da mulkin ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci.<ref>Keller EJ (2005). "Making and Remaking State and Nation in Ethiopia". In Laremont RR (ed.). Borders, Nationalism, and the African State (PDF). Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 89–92. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-58826-340-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018.</ref><ref>The Egyptians in Abyssinia Archived 26 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Vislardica.com. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref> Aksum ya zo karshe a shekara ta 960 lokacin da Sarauniya Gudit ta yi nasara akan sarkin Aksum na karshe.<ref>Caulk R (1971). "The Occupation of Harar: January 1887". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 9 (2): 1–20. JSTOR 41967469.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref><ref>International Crisis Group, "Ethnic Federalism and its Discontents". Issue 153 of ''ICG Africa'' report (4 September 2009) p. 2; Italy lost over 4,600 nationals in this battle.</ref> A sakamakon haka, ragowar al'ummar Aksumiyya su koma yankin kudancin kasar, su kafa daular Zagwe, suka canza babban birninsu zuwa Lalibela.<ref>Negash, Tekeste. Eritrea and Ethiopia : The Federal Experience. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2005) <nowiki>ISBN 1-56000-992-6</nowiki> pp. 13–14</ref><ref>Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst". Time. 21 December 1987</ref><ref>Pankhurst R (1966). "The Great Ethiopian Famine of 1888–1892: A New Assessment". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 21 (2): 95–124.</ref> Mulkin Zagwe ya ƙare lokacin da wani babban mutum mai daraja na Amhara Yekuno Amlak ya yi tawaye ga Sarki Yetbarak kuma ya kafa daular Habasha (wanda aka sani da "Abyssinia").<ref>Broich T (2017). "U.S. and Soviet Foreign Aid during the Cold War – A Case Study of Ethiopia". The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2018.</ref><ref>Asnake Kefale, Tomasz Kamusella and Christopher Van der Beken. 2021. Eurasian Empires as Blueprints for Ethiopia: From Ethnolinguistic Nation-State to Multiethnic Federation. London: Routledge, pp. 23–34</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher (2005) "Ḫaylä Śəllase" in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1062–1063.</ref> Biete Medhane Alem, wanda aka gina a zamanin daular Zagwe a tsakiyar zamanai Daular Habasha ta fara fadada yankunan karkashin jagorancin Amda Seyon I.<ref>Tibebu T (1995). The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974. RedSeaPr. p. 145. <nowiki>ISBN 1569020019</nowiki>.</ref><ref>(1963) Haile Selassie, "Towards African Unity"". BlackPast.org. 7 August 2009</ref><ref>Will arms ban slow war?". BBC News. 18 May 2000. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>Clapham, "Ḫaylä Śəllase", Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, p. 1063.</ref> Ya kaddamar da yakin yaki da makiya musulmi na gabas, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi a cikin ma'auni wajen nuna goyon baya ga kiristoci tsawon shekaru biyu masu zuwa.<ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21</ref> Bayan nasarar yakin gabas da Amda Seyon ya yi, akasarin sarakunan musulmi a yankin kahon Afirka sun shiga karkashin mulkin daular Habasha.<ref>REMOVAL IS QUIET". The New York Times. Reuters. 13 September 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief". The New York Times. Reuters. 24 November 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref> An miƙe daga Gojjam zuwa gabar tekun Somaliya a cikin Zelia.<ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref> Daga cikin wadannan al'ummomin musulmi akwai masarautar Ifat. A zamanin sarki Zara Yaqob,<ref>Dagne HG (2006). The commitment of the German Democratic Republic in Ethiopia: a study based on Ethiopian sources. London: Global Lit. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-8258-9535-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>Oberdorfer D (March 1978). "The Superpowers and the Ogaden War". The Washington Post.</ref> daular Habasha ta kai kololuwarta.<ref>US admits helping Mengistu escape". BBC. 22 December 1999. Retrieved 13 December 2017</ref><ref>The Black Book of Communism, pp. 687–95</ref><ref>Ottaway DB (21 March 1979). "Addis Ababa Emerges From a Long, Bloody War". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref> Mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar mallakar yankuna daga sarakunan farko,<ref>Katz DR (21 September 1978). "Ethiopia After the Revolution: Vultures in the Land of Sheba". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref><ref>Stapleton TJ (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4408-3052-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections</ref> da kula da gina majami'u da gidajen ibada da yawa, haɓaka wallafe-wallafe da fasaha, da ƙarfafa ikon daular tsakiya.<ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections.</ref><ref>Crowell Anderson-Jaquest T (May 2002). "Restructuring the Soviet–Ethiopian Relationship: A Csse Study in Asymmetric Exchange" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science.</ref><ref>Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Mengistu Haile Mariam Interview (1990), 13 June 2020, retrieved 17 June 2021</ref> Magajin Ifat, Adal Sultanate,<ref>Tessema S (November 2017). "ADDIS ABABA". Anadolu Agency.</ref><ref>War 'devastated' Ethiopian economy". BBC News. 7 August 2001. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia and Eritrea declare end of war". BBC News. 9 July 2018.</ref> ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci Habasha a lokacin yaƙin Habasha-Adal, amma a ƙarshe an ci nasara a yakin Wayna Daga 1543.<ref>Why a photo of Mengistu has proved so controversial". BBC News. August 2018</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, pp. 121–23</ref><ref>Article 5" (PDF). Ethiopian Constitution. WIPO. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> A karni na 16, kwararowar 'yan kabilar Oromo zuwa sassan arewacin yankin ya wargaza karfin daular.<ref>Ahmed H, Goldstein J (24 September 2018). "Thousands Are Arrested in Ethiopia After Ethnic Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref>"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence". The Daily Star. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018</ref><ref>12 killed in latest attack in western Ethiopia". News24. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref> Da suka taso daga yankin Guji da Borena a yau, Oromos sun sami ƙwarin guiwa ne da ra'ayoyi da yawa na al'ada - tun daga Moggaasaa<ref>Fano Will Not Lay Down Arms If Demands Are Not Met: Chairman, retrieved 28 March 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopian parliament allows PM Abiy to stay in office beyond term". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 10 September 2020.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election". France 24. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020</ref> da Liqimssa - waɗanda yawancinsu ke da alaƙa da farmakin da suka kai. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa gada na Meslé.<ref>"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rockets hit outskirts of Eritrea capital". BBC News. 15 November 2020.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rights commission to investigate 'mass killings'". BBC News. 14 November 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Tigray leader confirms bombing Eritrean capital". Al-Jazeera. 15 November 2020</ref> A cewar Abba Bahrey, farkon fadada ya faru ne a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Dawit II (luba Melbah),<ref>Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers". The Globe and Mail. 15 March 2022.</ref><ref>Chothia F, Bekit T (19 October 2022). "Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022</ref><ref>Amhara conflict: Ethiopians massacred in their homes by government troops". 13 February 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> lokacin da suka mamaye Bale kafin su mamaye Adal Sultanate.<ref>Account (16 February 2024). "Statement on the Indiscriminate Massacre of the Residents of Merawi in Ethiopia". Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref><ref>CIA World Factbook – Rank Order – Area". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2008.</ref><ref>UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre</ref> Habasha ta ga babban huldar diflomasiyya da Portugal daga karni na 17, galibin alaka da addini. Tun daga 1555,<ref>Does It Snow In Ethiopia [Winter Travel]". 15 January 2023</ref><ref>While Egypt Struggles, Ethiopia Builds over the Blue Nile: Controversies and the Way Forward". Brookings.edu</ref><ref>Misiani HO, Finney DL, Segele ZT, Marsham JH, Tadege A, Artan G, Atheru Z (12 December 2020). "Circulation Patterns Associated with Current and Future Rainfall over Ethiopia and South Sudan from a Convection-Permitting Model". Atmosphere. 11 (12): 1352.</ref> Jesuits Portuguese sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka Roman Katolika a matsayin addinin jiha. Bayan gazawa da yawa, sun aika da masu mishan da yawa a cikin 1603,<ref>Ethiopia, Climate Change and Migration: A little more knowledge and a more nuanced perspective could greatly benefit thinking on policy – Ethiopia". ReliefWeb. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2020.</ref><ref>Dahir AL (5 March 2019). "Ethiopia is launching a global crowdfunding campaign to give its capital a green facelift". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Ethiopia PM hosts 'most expensive dinner'". 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref> ciki har da wanda ya fi tasiri, Mutanen Espanya Jesuit Pedro Paez.<ref>AfricaNews (14 May 2019). "Ethiopia PM raises over $25m for project to beautify Addis Ababa". Africanews. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Addisstandard (25 April 2019). "News: China's reprieve on interest-free loan only". Addis Standard. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Bicyclus, Site of Markku Savela</ref> A karkashin sarki Susenyos na I, Roman Katolika ya zama addinin daular Habasha a shekara ta 1622.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>United Nations Statistics Division, Millennium Development Goals indicators: Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), thousand tonnes of CO2 (collected by CDIAC) Human-produced, direct emissions of carbon dioxide only. Excludes other greenhouse gases; land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF); and natural background flows of CO2 (See also: Carbon cycle)</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Nations. Ethiopia Environment</ref> Wannan shawarar ta haifar da tashin hankali daga al'ummar Orthodox.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>Massicot, Paul (2005). Animal Info-Ethiopia.</ref><ref>Khoury CK, Achicanoy HA, Bjorkman AD, Navarro-Racines C, Guarino L, Flores-Palacios X, Engels JM, Wiersema JH, Dempewolf H (15 June 2016). "Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide". Proc. R. Soc. B. 283 (1832): 20160792. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0792. PMC 4920324.</ref><gallery> File:Ethopia Map-Konkani Vishwakosh.jpg|[[Fayil:Ethiopia 2012 (6904150641).jpg|thumb|ginin itofiya]]Taswiran Kasar Etofiya a zamanin da<ref>Lewis IM (27 August 1976). "The peoples and cultures of Ethiopia". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 194 (1114): 7–16. Bibcode:1976RSPSB.194....7L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1976.0061. ISSN 0080-4649. <nowiki>PMID 11482</nowiki>. S2CID 46723065.</ref> File:Chamber of Columns, Sof Omar Caves.jpg|Tsohon hoto a kasar ta Etofiya File:PR-CN-1972-185-Box-2-14 (35216667131).jpg|Sojan kasar Etofiya da shugaban kasa File:Gragne.jpg| Sassaken Gragne akan doki Fayil:Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:LocationEthiopia.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia relief location map.jpg|Map din itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia rainfall and seasons.png|Lokacin damuna a itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia flag black and white.jpg|Tutar itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|Itofiya File:Ethiopian Airlines A350 ET-ATQ.jpg| Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wassan alada a Itofiya Fayil:Sunrise at Ethiopia´s salt flats.jpg|Faduwar Rana itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wasanni a itofiya Fayil:A Step Forward, Ethiopia (13599989815).jpg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia - Lake Assale.jpg|Ruwan itofiya </gallery> == Habasha da Musulunci == Kasar habasha ita ce kasa ta farko da ta kare [[musulmin]] farko da su ka tsira daga arnan [[makka]],<ref>Liddell HG, Scott R. "Aithiops". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Schoff WH (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 62. Retrieved 28 September 2016.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref> da kyakkyawar dangantakar da take tsakanin musulmai da habasha a zamanin Annabi Muhammad (S. A. W)<ref>Ansari A (7 October 2009). "Oldest human skeleton offers new clues to evolution". CNN.com/technology. Retrieved 2 March 2011.</ref><ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Mother of man – 3.2 million years ago". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2009</ref> [[Manzon Allah|manzon Allah,]] amma ta soma wargajewa tsakanin habasha da kasashen musulinci a zamanin [[Umar dan khaddab]] yardar Allah ta Kara tabbata a ga reshi,<ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Institute of Human Origins: Lucy's Story". 15 June 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2017</ref><ref>Mcdougall I, Brown H, Fleagle G (February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–36. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. <nowiki>PMID 15716951</nowiki>. S2CID 1454595.</ref> a wannan lokacin habashawa suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a tashar jirgin ruwa ta [[jidda]] kasar [[saudiyya]] abin da yasa musulmai suka maida martani.<ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>Callaway E (7 June 2017). "Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22114. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</ref> A shekara ta 83 ta hijira musulmai suka kama wani birni a kusa da habasha dan su ringa lura da habashawa, a shekara ta 1510 bayan haihuwar Annabi '''Isah'''<ref>Hammond AS, Royer DF, Fleagle JG (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. Bibcode:2017JHumE.108..199H. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. <nowiki>PMID 28552208</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Zarins J (1990). "Early Pastoral Nomadism and the Settlement of Lower Mesopotamia". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 280 (280): 31–65. doi:10.2307/1357309. JSTOR 1357309. S2CID 163491760.</ref> sarauniyar habasha ta aika manzo na musamman zuwa ga aiman wail sarkin Burtugal dan saboda ya ci musulmai da yaki a taikun [[Indiya]] ta kuma nemi hadin kai daga wajan shi dan ya turamata da sojoji ta yaki [[makka]] sai ya yadda da maganarta ya turumata sojojin masu dumbin yawa ko da haka musulmai sun ci su da yaki sun kashe musu babban hafsan sojojin su,<ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Güldemann T (2018). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 311. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9</ref><ref>Campbell L (2021). Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-262-54218-0</nowiki>.</ref> amma duk da haka musulmai basusamu dama sun shiga habasha ba.<ref>Campbell L (2021). ''Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition''. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. ISBN <bdi>978-0-262-54218-0</bdi>.</ref><ref>Zimmer C (8 August 2019). "In the Ethiopian Mountains, Ancient Humans Were Living the High Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref><ref>Katz B. "Archaeologists Uncover Evidence of an Ancient High-Altitude Human Dwelling". Smithsonian. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> == Addinai == * 40% kirista<ref>Smith KN (9 August 2019). "The first people to live at high elevations snacked on giant mole rats". Ars Technica. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 45% musulunci<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019</ref> * 10% brutustan<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 5% yahudawa da wa yanda basuda addini<ref>Miehe G, Opgenoorth L, Zech W, Woldu Z, Vogelsang R, Veit H, Nemomissa S, Negash A, Nauss T (9 August 2019). "Middle Stone Age foragers resided in high elevations of the glaciated Bale Mountains, Ethiopia". Science. 365 (6453): 583–587. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..583O. doi:10.1126/science.aaw8942. ISSN 0036-8075. <nowiki>PMID 31395781</nowiki>. S2CID 199505803.</ref> '''kasashen da suke makotaka da jihohin Itofiya''' == Iyaka == Itofiya tana daya daga cikin kasashe da suke gabashin afirika tana makotaka da kasashe biyar sune :- * daga nahiyar arewaci [[Eritrea]]<ref>Sahle Y, Hutchings WK, Braun DR, Sealy JC, Morgan LE, Negash A, Atnafu B (2013). Petraglia MD (ed.). "Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78092. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878092S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092. PMC 3827237. <nowiki>PMID 24236011</nowiki>.</ref> * daga yammaci [[Sudan]] <ref>Sahle Y, Brooks AS (2018). "Assessment of complex projectiles in the early Late Pleistocene at Aduma, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216716. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416716S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216716. PMC 6508696. <nowiki>PMID 31071181</nowiki>.</ref> * daga kudanci [[Kenya]]<ref>Munro-Hay, p. 57</ref> * daga gabashin [[Somaliya]]<ref>Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.) (2005) Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, "Ge'ez". Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 732</ref> * daga arewa maso gabashin [[Jibuti]] == Jihohin kasar == [[File:Ethiopia regions numbered.png|300px|thumb|right|Bizunga ya Itofiya.]] kuma tanada jihohi goma sha daya ko wace jiha da sunan kabila mafi yawa sone:- * 1 [[Addis Ababa]] <ref>Munro-Hay, p. 13</ref> * 2 [[Afar]] <ref>Solomonic Descent in Ethiopian History". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</ref> * 3 [[Amhara]] <ref>Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2007). The history of Ethiopia. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 171. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0</nowiki>.</ref> * 4 [[Benishangul-Gumuz]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). BritishMuseum.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 5 [[Dire Dawa]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). ''BritishMuseum.org''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 6 [[Gambela]] <ref>Gold production". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2024.</ref> * 7 [[Harari]] <ref>Karl W. Butzer, "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation", American Antiquity 46, (July 1981), p. 495</ref> * 8 [[Oromia]] <ref>Kingdom of Abyssinia". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref> * 9 [[Somali]] <ref>A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe". 9 January 2022</ref> * 10 Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region<ref>Ethiopia The Zagwe Dynasty – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". photius.com. Retrieved 16 December 2021.</ref> * 11 [[Tigray]]<ref>Pankhurst R (1982). History of Ethiopian Towns. Steiner. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-515-03204-9</nowiki>.</ref> game da haka sunada bine biyu na masamman yaren [[amhari]] sune [[Adis ababa]] da [[dira dawa]]<ref>UNESCO General History of Africa. University of California Press. 3 November 1992. p. 283. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-06698-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Gondar Fasiladas Bath Timket.jpg|Jama'a sun taru a wurin wankan Fasiladas a Gondar, Habasha, don bikin Timket - Epiphany na Cocin Orthodox na Habasha. File:Dallol-2001.jpg|Dutse mai aman wuta, mai suna Dallo File:FasilidasPalaceGonder.jpg|Fadar Fasilidas, Gonder File:The Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, calling on the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh in New Delhi on November 06, 2007.jpg| prime ministan Etofiya Mr Zeles Zewani a India tare da Dr Manmohan Singh a Delhi File:Manmohan Singh with the Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. Stephen Harper, the President of South Africa, Mr. Jacob Zuma and the Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, at the plenary session of G-20 Summit, in Cannes.jpg| Su biyu da wasu shuwagabannin kasa </gallery>{{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiopia}} [[Category:kasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasar Itofiya]] m2zhwb4kovs9ezvmstv4uuf6x1yybpa 888124 888122 2026-07-27T16:02:26Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|thumb|Yankin itofiya a duniya]] '''Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Itofiya:''' da turanci '''''[[Ethiopian Airlines|Ethiopia]],'''''da harshen amhare ( ኢትዮጵያ )<ref>Emi I (4 March 2020). "Ethiopia to Add 4 more Official Languages to Foster Unity". Ventures Africa. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref><ref>Ethiopia is adding four more official languages to Amharic as political instability mounts". Nazret. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021</ref><ref>Shaban A. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</ref> ada an santa da suna [[habasha]], kasa ce dake a kudancin [[Afirka]].<ref>Ethiopian Constitution". www.africa.upenn.edu</ref><ref>Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups: 2007" (PDF). Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Population Census Commission. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2020.</ref><ref>"Country Level". 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. CSA. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2013</ref> Ta kasancee'yantacciyar kasa ce wadda turawan mulkin mallaka basu mulke ta ba har zuwa shekara ta (1936)<ref>Zenawism as ethnic-federalism" (PDF)</ref><ref>"Is Ethiopia Democratic? A Bureaucratic Authoritarian Regime". Journal of Democracy. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref><ref>Ethiopia- The World Factbook". www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 19 July 2021.</ref> sai sojojin [[Italiya]] suka fada cikin kasar amma 'yan kasar suka yi taron-dangi da sojojin [[Birtaniya]] suka kori sojojin [[Italiya]] a shekara ta, (1941)<ref>Population Size by Sex, Area and Density by Region, Zone and Wereda: July 2024" (PDF). ess.gov.et. Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS). Retrieved 3 June 2025.</ref><ref>"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Ethiopia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 25 March 2025</ref> ammah batasamu 'yancin kanta ba sai da ƙasar [[ingila]] tasa mata hannu a shekara ta [[1944|(1944]].)<ref>"Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021</ref><ref>Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. 8 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</ref><ref>UNESCO - Ethiopian epiphany". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Haplic Fluvisol in Sinkata Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Yara kewa sa]] A cikin ƙarni na bakwai kafin haifuwar [[Annabi Isah]] habashawa sun musu masarauta Aksum a gefan,<ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2022. (Archived 2022 edition.)</ref><ref>Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 5 April 2021.</ref><ref>Kessler DF (2012). The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-283-70872-2</nowiki>. OCLC 819506475.</ref> kogin [[maliya]] babban birnita Aksum a yanzu ansanta da Eritrea kuma a shekara ta (500)<ref>Hopkin M (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-10. ISSN 0028-0836.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref><ref>Li J, Absher D, Tang H, Southwick A, Casto A, Ramachandran S, Cann H, Barsh G, Feldman M, Cavalli-Sforza L, Myers R (2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science. 319 (5866): 1100–04. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. <nowiki>PMID 18292342</nowiki>. S2CID 53541133.</ref><ref>Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says". Bloomberg News. 21 February 2008. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> kafin haifuwar annabi Isah manoma da 'yan kasuwanci da suka zo daga ƙasashen [[larabawa]] suka hadu suka yi musu yare daya kuma suka dai-dai ta rubutun su,<ref>Kaplan K (21 February 2008). "Around the world from Addis Ababa". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Abbink J (1998). "An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 11 (2): 109–124. doi:10.1080/13696819808717830. hdl:1887/9486. ISSN 1369-6815. JSTOR 1771876.</ref><ref>Moore DH (1936). "Christianity in Ethiopia". Church History. 5 (3): 271–284. doi:10.2307/3160789. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3160789. S2CID 162029676.</ref> a tsakiyar ƙarni na hudu se sarki Izana ya shiga tare da 'yan cerci ta [[Misra]],<ref>Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia" (PDF). 12 April 2022</ref><ref>BBC Staff (3 November 2020). "Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state". BBC. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</ref><ref>"Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS". Daily News Egypt. 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</ref> a karni na bakwai bayan haihuwar '''annabi isah (A.S.W)''' kogin [[maliya]] yazama a hannun musulmai,<ref>Africa S (29 August 2020). "Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower". SomTribune. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref>5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch". World Economic Forum. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2022.</ref><ref name=":0">Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 23 December 2021</ref><ref name=":0" /> sai Aksum ta rasa kasuwancin ta da alakar ta da taikun [[Indiya]],<ref>"GAL country profile - Ethiopia" (PDF). www.uil.unesco.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025</ref><ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme''. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref> a karni na goma sai masarautar Aksum ta ruguje tazama tare da wane cerci na '''Ethiopia''' a shekara ta 800 bayan haifuwar '''annabi Isah''' manoma suka kama biya inshura ga gwamnati kuma suna gina curci curcin da suka fadi har yanzu da kuma sauran su,<ref>"Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Ethiopia" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</ref><ref>Africa Geoscience Review, Volume 10. Rock View International. 2003. p. 366. Retrieved 9 August 2014.</ref><ref>Bekerie A (2004). "Ethiopica: Some Historical Reflections on the Origin of the Word Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 1 (2): 110–121. ISSN 1543-4133. JSTOR 27828841.</ref> a da Ethiopia ma'anarta konannar fuska ko bakar fuska.<ref>Homer, Odyssey 1.22–4.</ref><ref>Hatke G (2013). Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa. NYU Press. pp. 52–53. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8147-6066-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Cp. Ezekiel 29:10</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Habasha ta yi rajista mafi saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Meles Zenawi.<ref>"Ethio Telecom forecasts 19% rise in revenue in 2023/24". Reuters. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024</ref><ref>'''^''' ''The Economist'' 22 May 2010, page 49</ref><ref>Starbucks in Ethiopia coffee vow". BBC. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</ref> A cewar IMF, Habasha na daya daga cikin kasashe masu saurin bunkasar tattalin arziki a duniya, inda ta yi rijista sama da kashi 10 cikin 100 na bunkasuwar tattalin arziki daga 2004 zuwa 2009.<ref name=":4">Stylianou N. "Coffee under threat". BBC News</ref><ref>Cook R (2 September 2015). "World Cattle Inventory: Ranking of countries (FAO) | Cattle Network". www.cattlenetwork.com. Farm Journal. Archived from the original on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref name=":4" /> Ita ce tattalin arzikin Afirka mafi saurin bunƙasa ba tare da dogaro da mai ba a cikin shekarun 2007 zuwa 2008.<ref>Ethiopia's flower trade in full bloom". Mail & Guardian. 19 February 2006. Archived from the original on 18 April 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2007. Floriculture has become a flourishing business in Ethiopia in the past five years, with the industry's exports earnings set to grow to $100-million by 2007, a five-fold increase on the $20-million earned in 2005. Ethiopian flower exports could generate an estimated $300-million within two to three years, according to the head of the government export-promotion department, Melaku Legesse.</ref><ref>Averill V (31 May 2007). "Ethiopia's designs on leather trade". BBC. Retrieved 21 June 2007. The label inside the luxuriously soft black leather handbag reads Taytu: Made In Ethiopia. But the embroidered print on the outside, the chunky bronze rings attached to the fashionably short straps and the oversized "it" bag status all scream designer chic.</ref><ref>Pavanello, Sara 2010. Working across borders – Harnessing the potential of cross-border activities to improve livelihood security in the Horn of Africa drylands Archived 12 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. London: Overseas Development Institute</ref> A cikin shekarar 2015, Bankin Duniya ya nuna cewa Habasha ta sami saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziƙin tare da haɓakar ainihin kayan cikin gida (GDP) a matsakaicin 10.9% tsakanin 2004 da 2014.<ref>"Largest hydro electric power plant goes smoothly". English.people.com.cn. 12 April 2006. Retrieved 2 June 2010.</ref><ref>Hydroelectric Power Plant built". Addistribune.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>"The "white oil" of Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.. ethiopianreporter.com</ref> A cikin Shekara ta 2008 da 2011, ayyukan ci gaban Habasha da ci gaban da aka samu sun fuskanci ƙalubale sakamakon hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da mawuyacin halin ma'auni na biyan kuɗi.<ref>Project Summary". AKH Project owners. January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopia–Djibouti electric railway line opens". railwaygazette.com. 5 October 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</ref><ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref> Haɓakar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya haura zuwa kashi 40 cikin 100 a watan Agustan 2011 saboda rashin daidaiton manufofin kuɗi, ƙarin ƙarin albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati a farkon 2011, da tsadar abinci.<ref>List of all airports in Ethiopia". airport-authority.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.</ref><ref>"Zeresenay Alemseged – National Geographic Society". www.nationalgeographic.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref> Duk da saurin bunƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, GDP na kowane mutum yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya, kuma tattalin arzikin yana fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa na tsarin. Dangane da bayanan baya-bayan nan daga shekarar 2019,<ref>Science And Technology". MICE Ethiopia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2021.</ref><ref>Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref><ref>"Timnit Gebru: The 100 Most Influential People of 2022". Time. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2024</ref> kashi 68.7% na yawan jama'a suna fama da talauci da yawa da kuma ƙarin 18.4% masu rauni zuwa gare shi.<ref>Ethiopian Traditional Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs". EthnoMed. Retrieved 31 January 2022.</ref><ref>Explore All Countries – Ethiopia". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 30 August 2021. landlocked – entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref> Tare da sanya hannun jari mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan jama'a da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu, Habasha tana ƙoƙarin magance matsalolin tsarinta ta zama cibiyar samar da haske a Afirka.<ref>Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005.</ref><ref>Population, total | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 23 September 2019.</ref><ref name=":5">Abyssinia: Ethiopian Protest". Time Europe. 9 August 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2005</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":5" /> A cikin 2019 an zartar da wata doka da ta ba wa 'yan Habasha 'yan gudun hijira damar saka hannun jari a masana'antar hidimar hada-hadar kudi ta Habasha.<ref>World Refugee Survey 2008". U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. 19 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.</ref><ref>Racin, L. (4 March 2008) "Future Shock: How Environmental Change and Human Impact Are Changing the Global Map". Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.</ref><ref>Ofcansky, T and Berry, L. "Ethiopia: A Country Study". Edited by Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. Countrystudies.us</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Habasha ya fayyace cewa ‘yancin mallakar filaye na “jahar da jama’a ne kawai”, amma ‘yan kasar na iya yin hayar filaye har na tsawon shekaru 99,<ref>Shivley, K. "Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</ref><ref>Belete A (1991). "Development of agriculture in Ethiopia since the 1975 land reform" (PDF). Agricultural Economics. 6 (2): 159–75. doi:10.1016/0169-5150(91)90022-D (inactive 19 January 2025).</ref><ref>Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017". Government of Ethiopia. Retrieved 20 April 2016.</ref> amma ba za su iya yin jinginar gida ko sayarwa ba. Ana ba da izinin yin hayar filaye na tsawon shekaru ashirin kuma ana tsammanin wannan zai tabbatar da cewa ƙasar ta tafi ga mafi yawan masu amfani. Ana daukar rabon filaye da gudanar da mulki a matsayin wani yanki da aka kafa cin hanci da rashawa,<ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Crawley, Mike. "Breaking the Cycle of Poverty in Ethiopia" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. April 2003. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved on 24 May 2008</ref><ref>Poverty in Ethiopia Down 33 Percent Since 2000". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> kuma sau da yawa ana neman biyan sauƙaƙawa da kuma cin hanci lokacin da ake fuskantar al’amuran da suka shafi ƙasa.<ref>Condominium housing in Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 4 January 2017</ref><ref>Glottolog 4.8 - Languages of Ethiopia". glottolog.org. Retrieved 30 August 2023.</ref><ref>Languages of Ethiopia". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2013.</ref> Da yake babu mallakar filaye, ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa galibi ana yin su ne kawai ba tare da tambayar masu amfani da filaye ba,<ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>FDRE. "Federal Negarit Gazeta Establishment Proclamation" (PDF). Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2021.</ref><ref>Yigezu M (2012). Language Ideologies and Challenges of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia. African Books Collective. p. 143. <nowiki>ISBN 978-99944-55-47-8</nowiki>.</ref> wanda daga nan sai a koma gudun hijira ba tare da gida ko fili ba. Yawan fushi da rashin yarda wani lokaci yakan haifar da zanga-zangar jama'a.<ref name=":6">Fattovich, Rodolfo (2003) "Akkälä Guzay" in von Uhlig, Siegbert, ed. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Weissbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, p.169.</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>Mpoche, Kizitus, Mbuh, Tennu, eds. (2006). Language, literature, and identity. Cuvillier. pp. 163–64. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-86537-839-2</nowiki>.</ref> Bugu da kari, amfanin noma ya ragu sosai, kuma har yanzu ana fama da fari da yawa a kasar, wanda hakan ke haddasa rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin gida.<ref>"Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 10 November 2006</ref><ref>Abegaz B (1 June 2005). "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" (PDF). Retrieved 27 July 2017.</ref><ref>Pew Forum on Religious & Public life. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013</ref> == Makamashi da wutar lantarki == Habasha na da manyan koguna 14 da ke kwarara daga tsaunukanta, ciki har da kogin Nilu. Tana da mafi girman wuraren ajiyar ruwa a Afirka.<ref>Davis LD (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. p. 342. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8146-5616-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The History of Ethiopian Jews". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Thomas P Ofcansky LB (2004). Ethiopia: A Country Study. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 130–41. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4191-1857-9</nowiki>.</ref> Ya zuwa 2012, masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki suna wakiltar kusan kashi 88.2% na jimillar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>(Kater, 2000)</ref><ref>(Dorman et al., 2009, p. 622).</ref><ref name=":7">Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":7" /> Babban madatsar ruwa ta Habasha da aka gina tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2023, wanda zai zama madatsar ruwa mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Ethiopia MDG Report (2014)". UNDP in Ethiopia. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</ref><ref>"WaterAid UK – Where we work – Ethiopia"</ref><ref>Ethiopia – Health and Welfare". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref> An samar da ragowar wutar lantarki daga burbushin mai (8.3%) da hanyoyin sabunta (3.6%). Adadin wutar lantarki na jimillar yawan jama'a a shekarar 2016 ya kai kashi 42%, tare da kashi 85% a cikin birane da kuma kashi 26% a yankunan karkara. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016,<ref>Global distribution of health workers in WHO Member States" (PDF). The World Health Report 2006. World Health Organization. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Ethiopia". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 9 September 2015.</ref><ref>Hanlon C, Eshetu T, Alemayehu D, Fekadu A, Semrau M, Thornicroft G, Kigozi F, Marais DL, Petersen I, Alem A (8 June 2017). "Health system governance to support scale up of mental health care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study". International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 11: 38. doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0144-4. PMC 5465569. <nowiki>PMID 28603550</nowiki>.</ref> jimlar samar da wutar lantarki ya kai TW⋅h 11.15 kuma ana amfani da shi ya kai 9.062 TW⋅h. An fitar da wutar lantarki 0.166 TW⋅h, da 0 kW⋅h da aka shigo da su, da kuma 2.784 GW na karfin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>Teferra D, Altbach PG (2003). African Higher Education: An International Reference Handbook. Indiana University Press. pp. 316–25. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-253-34186-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>According to the UN's UNESCO and other's a larger number of private higher education institutions are growing in numbers</ref><ref>Education in Ethiopia". WENR. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2022.</ref> Habasha tana isar da kusan kashi 81% na yawan ruwa zuwa kogin Nilu ta cikin kogin Blue Nile, kogin Sobat da Atbara.<ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref><ref>"Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref>Irrecha celebrated by the Oromo ethnic group is a huge holiday attracting large portions of the population and is given government de-facto recognition as a holiday. [1][2]</ref> A shekara ta 1959, Masar da Sudan sun rattaba hannu kan wata yerjejeniya ta kasashen biyu, yarjejeniyar ruwan Nilu ta shekarar 1959,<ref>Holiday Calendar". U.S Embassy in Ethiopia</ref><ref name=":8">The 20th century has resulted in Ethiopia connecting towards the world with students of art learning the styles of western art, most notably Afewerk Tekle a laureate and others during the end of Menelik's reign and other monarchs right after</ref><ref name=":8" /> wadda ta bai wa kasashen biyu ‘yancin kan ruwa na ruwan Nilu.<ref>Ethiopia has produced many reputable contemporary painters and muralists, most notable among whom is Laureate Afewerk Tekle</ref><ref>Lalibela was mainly built as a 'new Jerusalem' for Ethiopian pilgrims set to go to Jerusalem nonetheless barred from by Muslim conquests [1] [2] [3]</ref><ref>"The Use of DMT in Early Masonic Ritual". Reality Sandwich. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2022</ref> Tun daga lokacin, Masar ta hana kusan dukkan ayyukan da ake yi a Habasha da ke neman amfani da magudanan ruwan Nilu na cikin gida.<ref>"Architecture of Aksun and Lalibela". kolibri.teacherinabox.org.au. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.</ref><ref>Marilyn Eiseman Heldman, Frē Ṣeyon (1994). The Marian Icons of the Painter Frē Ṣeyon: A Study of Fifteenth-century Ethiopian Art, Patronage, and Spirituality. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 75. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-03540-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Nosnitsin D (2012). "Ethiopian Manuscripts and Ethiopian Manuscript Studies. A brief Overview and Evaluation". Gazette du livre médiéval. 58 (1): 1–16. doi:10.3406/galim.2012.1993.</ref> Wannan ya yi tasiri wajen hana tallafin samar da wutar lantarki daga waje da ayyukan ban ruwa a yammacin Habasha,<ref name=":9">Smidt WG (2015). "Gorgoryos and Ludolf: The Ethiopian and German Fore-Fathers of Ethiopian Studies: An Ethiopian scholar's 1652 visit to Thuringia" (PDF). ITYOP̣IS: Northeast African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":9" /><ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195</ref> wanda hakan ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan raya tattalin arziki na tushen albarkatun ruwa. Sai dai kasar Habasha na shirin gina wani katafaren madatsar ruwa mai karfin megawatt 6,450 a kogin Blue Nile.<ref>Adera T (1995). "From Apologist to Critic: The Dilemma of Bealu Girma". Northeast African Studies. 2 (1): 135–144. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0030. JSTOR 41931195.</ref><ref>Getachew F (2 March 2015). "Ethiopia: Haddis Alemayehu - the Unique Personality in Ethiopian Literature". The Ethiopian Herald.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "20 Of The Best Poets And Poems of Ethiopia (Qene included) — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 18 December 2021.</ref> An kammala shi a shekara ta 2023, wannan babbar madatsar ruwa ta Habasha za ta kasance tashar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a Afirka.<ref>Tekle A (1994). Eritrea and Ethiopia: from conflict to cooperation. The Red Sea Press. p. 197. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-932415-97-4</nowiki>. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan have significant similarities emanating not only from culture, religion, traditions, history and aspirations ... They appreciate similar foods and spices, beverages and sweets, fabrics and tapestry, lyrics and music, and jewellery and fragrances.</ref><ref>Abdullahi MD (2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-31333-2</nowiki>. Somali music, a unique kind of music that might be mistaken at first for music from nearby countries such as Ethiopia, the Sudan, or even Arabia, can be recognized by its own tunes and styles.</ref><ref>About St. Yared – St. Yared Ethiopian Cuisine & Coffeehaus – Indianapolis IN". www.styaredcuisine.com. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</ref> Aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Gibe III ya zuwa yanzu shi ne mafi girma a kasar tare da samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 1,870. A cikin shekara ta 2017-18 (2010 E.C)<ref>Page WF (2001). Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2. Facts on File. p. 230. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8160-4472-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Aga MT. "Music in Ethiopia — allaboutETHIO". allaboutethio.com. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref><ref>Page WF (2001). ''Encyclopedia of African history and culture: African kingdoms (500 to 1500), Volume 2''. Facts on File. p. 230. ISBN <bdi>978-0-8160-4472-6</bdi>.</ref> wannan madatsar ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta samar da 4,900 GW⋅h.[245] === Tsufa === === Manyan labaran: D'mt da Mulkin Aksum === === Kudin Akshaye === A cikin 980 BC, an kafa D'Mt a cikin Are Eritrea da kuma arewacin Ethiopia a yankin Tigray,<ref>Mongabay.com Ethiopia statistics. (n.d). Retrieved 18 November 2006, from Rainforests.mongabay.com</ref><ref>Grantham HS, Duncan A, Evans TD, Jones KR, Beyer HL, Schuster R, Walston J, Ray JC, Robinson JG, Callow M, Clements T, Costa HM, DeGemmis A, Elsen PR, Ervin J, Franco P, Goldman E, Goetz S, Hansen A, Hofsvang E, Jantz P, Jupiter S, Kang A, Langhammer P, Laurance WF, Lieberman S, Linkie M, Malhi Y, Maxwell S, Mendez M, Mittermeier R, Murray NJ, Possingham H, Radachowsky J, Saatchi S, Samper C, Silverman J, Shapiro A, Strassburg B, Stevens T, Stokes E, Taylor R, Tear T, Tizard R, Venter O, Visconti P, Wang S, Watson JE (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. <nowiki>PMID 33293507</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Environmental Profile". Mongabay. 4 February 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</ref> kuma an yi imani da cewa yanayin da zai gaje ya zama magaji ya zama magajinsa.<ref>Parry, J (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved 22 November 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).</ref><ref>See Federal High Court Establishment Proclamation No.322/2003. Federal High Courts have been placed in the following states: Afar, Benshngul/Gumuz, Gambela, Somali, and SNNPR.</ref><ref>Iyyer C (2009). Land Management: Challenges & Strategies. Global India Publications. p. 16. <nowiki>ISBN 978-93-80228-48-8</nowiki>.</ref> Wannan babban birnin kasar da aka samu a Yeha a cikin menene yanzu yanzu Habasha.<ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, as amended by Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 138/1998, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 254/2001, Federal Courts (Amendment) Proclamation 321/2003, and Federal Courts Proclamation (Reamendment) Proclamation 454/2005 (Federal Courts Proclamation), Article 24(3).</ref><ref>Constitution of Ethiopia – 8 December 1994". Archived from the original on 9 May 2008.</ref><ref>Federal Courts Proclamation 25/1996, Article 3.</ref> Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi la'akari da wannan wayewar dan adam dan kasar Habasha na asalin kasar, kodayake a farkon lokacin da suka ba da gudummawa saboda yawan tasirin Bahar Maliya.<ref>Ethiopia – Country Governance Profile EN.pdf. OSGE and OREB. March 2009. p. 14.</ref><ref>Ethiopia | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2015". freedomhouse.org. 21 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, p. 142</ref> Sauran malamai sun dauki matsayin wata kungiyar al'adun afroasicic da rassan da ke magana da kayayyaki da kuma semitic; Wato,<ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles has died: state television". Reuters. 21 August 2012.</ref><ref>Map of Freedom 2007". Freedom House. 2007. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2007.</ref><ref>Lough R (22 August 2012). "Ethiopia acting PM to remain at helm until 2015". Reuters.</ref> jama'ar lard na gida da Sabaenans daga Kudancin Arabia. Duk da haka, Geez,<ref>Malone B (27 May 2015). "Profile: Ethiopia's 'placeholder' PM quietly holds on". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 July 2015.</ref><ref>Maasho A (8 August 2016). "At least 33 protesters killed in Ethiopia's Oromiya region: opposition". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2016.</ref><ref name=":1">"Ethiopia declares state of emergency". BBC News. 16 February 2018.</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> tsohon Semit Harshen Habasha na Habasha na Habasha, ana tunanin ya haɓaka da kansa daga yaren Sabaenan.<ref>"Six million children threatened by Ethiopia drought: UN". Terradaily.com. Retrieved 16 March 200</ref> A farkon rabin 2000 BC, sauran masu magana da Semitic suna zaune a Habasha da Eritrea inda Gealz ya kirkira. <ref>AfricaNews. "Ethiopia declares 6 months state of emergency over Oromia protests | Africanews". Africanews. Retrieved 7 November 2017.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Prime Minister wins the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize". CNN News. 16 October 2019</ref><ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref> Yanzu haka Sabaea ya kasance yana tunanin ya kasance ƙarami,<ref>The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2010. (PDF). p.17. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Country Profile". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Ottaway M (1995). "The Ethiopian Transition: Democratization or New Authoritarianism?". Northeast African Studies. 2 (3): 67–84. doi:10.1353/nas.1995.0028. ISSN 0740-9133. JSTOR 41931114.</ref> iyakance ga wasu ƙananan yankuna, kuma ya ɓace bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata ko karni.<ref>Failure to Stand for Democracy in Ethiopia Has Weakened Democracy Worldwide". The Institute for Peace and Diplomacy - l’Institut pour la paix et la diplomatie. 3 November 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref> Wataƙila mulkin ciniki ne ko kuma mallaka na soja cikin Alliance tare da Wuta ta Habasha ko kuma wasu ƙasashen Preto-Axumite.<ref>Velasco G (1 April 2022). "The Ethiopia of Abiy Ahmed and the Pending Transition". IDEES. Retrieved 9 April 2024</ref><ref>Gedamu Y (16 June 2020). "Abiy put Ethiopia on the road to democracy: but major obstacles still stand in the way". The Conversation. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref><ref>Mulatu Wubneh (2017). "Ethnic Identity Politics and the Restructuring of Administrative Units in Ethiopia". International Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 11 (1 & 2): 105–138. JSTOR 26586251</ref> Daular Axum a ganiya a karni na 6 Bayan faɗuwar D'Mt a karni na 4 BC, filin duniya Filato ya zo da mulkin magazarta.<ref>Ethiopia Political Map and Regions | Mappr". www.mappr.co. 14 January 2019</ref><ref>Vértesy L, Lemango T (2022). "Comparison of local governments in Hungary and Ethiopia". De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico. XIII (1–2): 62–75. ISSN 1789-0446 – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Land of Punt". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 29 January 2022.</ref> A cikin karni na 1 AD, mulkin Aksharum ya fito a cikin abin da yake yanzu yankin Tigray da Eritrea.<ref>The political history of the Ethiopian community, and their struggle for ownership of this small monastery, is retold in Chris Proutky, Empress Taytu and Menelik II (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 247–256</ref><ref>"Ethiopia – Agoa.info – African Growth and Opportunity Act". agoa.info. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</ref><ref>Although Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia, second edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2001), believes that the Suez Canal brought strategic value to the Red Sea region (p. 73), Sven Rubenson, The Survival of Ethiopian Independence (Hollywood: Tsehai,1991) argues that only with the Mahdi War did the United Kingdom interest themselves once again in Ethiopia (pp. 283ff).</ref> A cewar littafin Axum, babban babban babban babban birnin farko, Itiyopis, ɗan Cush.<ref>Gregory W. "Obama Becomes First Sitting U.S. President To Visit Ethiopia". National Public Radio. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</ref><ref>Onyulo T (26 July 2015). "Obama visit highlights Ethiopia's role in fighting Islamist terrorists". USA Today.</ref><ref>"Decision on the Report of the Fifth Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee on Defence, Security and Safety Doc. EX.CL/698(XX)" (PDF). African Union. Retrieved 14 August 2024</ref> Daga baya ya mika akmarinum a baya a wasu lokata a wannan gefen Bahar Maliya.<ref>Walsh D (9 February 2020). "For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020.</ref><ref>An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam". Quartz. 27 June 2020.</ref><ref>Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 15 July 2020.</ref> A cikin Peran Annabi Mani da aka lissafa Axum tare da Rome, Farisa,<ref>Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref> da China a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan iko guda hudu na zamanin sa, a cikin karni na 3.<ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023.</ref><ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref> An kuma yi imani da cewa akwai wata alaka tsakanin majami'u na Masarawa.<ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>"Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war?". The Week. 8 July 2020.</ref><ref>The United Nations in Ethiopia | United Nations in Ethiopia". ethiopia.un.org. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</ref> Akwai tabbataccen shaida cewa Akshumite suna da alaƙa da Sarauniyar Sheba, ta hanyar rubutun sarauta.<ref>Rothchild D (1994). The Rising Tide of Cultural Pluralism: The Nation-State at Bay?. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 139.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Treasures - Emperor Yohannes IV, Battle of Metema - Ethiopia". www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk</ref><ref>Ethiopia's military spending in 2022 increased by 88% to $1 billion – research". Addis Standard. 24 April 2023</ref> Forawa 316 AD, FRUMEMIUS da ɗan'uwansa Edesius daga Taya tare da kawunsu a kan Habasha zuwa Habasha.<ref name=":2">Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /> Lokacin da tukunyar ta tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa mai launin tekun, da natifa suka kashe masu tafiyar matafiya sai dai 'yan'uwan biyu biyu, waɗanda aka kai a kotu a matsayin bayi.<ref>Paravicini G (12 April 2024). "Somalia refuses to accept Ethiopian naval base in breakaway region". Reuters.</ref><ref>National Intelligence and Security Services – Ethiopia". Action On Armed Violence (AOAV). 2 April 2016</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation.</ref> Sanarwar amintattu ne suka bashe su, suka musulunta a kori shugaban sarki ya yi karatun Kiristanci.<ref>USA I (August 2013). Ethiopia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws. Lulu.com. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4387-6981-3</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Ethiopian Federal Police" (PDF). FEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA. 29 June 2022.</ref><ref>Ethiopia, Republic Of Korea Agree To Jointly Combat Terrorism, Cross-Border Crimes". Fana Broadcasting Corporation. 31 May 2024</ref> Frumpentius ya zama bishop na farko na Akkum.<ref>World Economic Outlook" (PDF). IMF. Retrieved 13 January 2013.</ref><ref>One Hundred Ways of Putting Pressure"". Human Rights Watch. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2021.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: IMF Positive on Country's Growth Outlook". allAfrica. Retrieved 13 January 2013</ref> A tsabar kudin ya nuna 324 ya nuna cewa kasar Habasha ita ce kasa da ta biyu da ta dauki addinin Kiristanci (bayan da duk da cewa ana iya yin hakan a cikin da'irar kotu;<ref>conomic Overview". World Bank. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2016.</ref><ref>Ethiopia to launch four more industry parks within two years". Reuters. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>"With Continued Rapid Growth, Ethiopia is Poised to Become a Middle Income Country by 2025". Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref> Wannan shi ne babban iko na farko da yin hakan.<ref>Sze M (12 August 2019). "Ethiopia to Open Banks for Ethiopian Investors in the Diaspora". W7 News. Retrieved 14 August 2019.</ref><ref>Power generation begins at 1,870-MW Gibe III hydroelectric project in Ethiopia". www.hydroworld.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016</ref><ref>Business Corruption in Ethiopia". Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014</ref> AKSUMITEITY sun kasance sumbata ga Greco-Roman da ke da mahimman dangantakar al'adu da kuma ular kasuwanci da empire da emeral, a cikin kwasfa da emerals, da kuma shigo da siliki.<ref>Eastwood V, Elbagir N (31 May 2012). "Ethiopia powers on with controversial dam project". CNN. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</ref><ref>Get the gangsters out of the food chain". The Economist. 7 June 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2008</ref><ref>Wilkin P, Demissew S, Willis K, Woldeyes F, Davis AP, Molla EL, Janssens S, Kallow S, Berhanu A (2019). "Enset in Ethiopia: a poorly characterized but resilient starch staple". Annals of Botany. 123 (5): 747–766. doi:10.1093/aob/mcy214. PMC 6526316. <nowiki>PMID 30715125</nowiki>.</ref> Aikin zinare a cikin 2015 shine tan 9 na awo.<ref name=":3">Tikuye E (21 January 2023). "Fixing Addis light rail may cost at least $60 million". The Reporter (Ethiopia). Retrieved 10 March 2024.</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":3" /> === Tsakanin Zamani === Babban labarin: Habasha a tsakiyar zamanai Masarautar ta karɓi sunan "Ethiopia" a zamanin mulkin Ezana a karni na 4.<ref>Abir M (28 October 2013). Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. Routledge. pp. 22–70. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-136-28090-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Connel & Killion 2011, p. 160.</ref><ref>Mohammed AK (2013). The Saho of Eritrea: Ethnic Identity and National Consciousness. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 170. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-643-90332-7</nowiki>.</ref> Bayan cin nasarar daular Kush a shekara ta 330, yankin Aksumite ya kai kololuwarsa tsakanin ƙarni na 5 da na 6.<ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour By Martin Meredith, In the Land of Prestor John, chapter 11</ref><ref>Hassen M (2017). The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia, 1300–1700. James Currey. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84701-161-9</nowiki>. OCLC 962017017.</ref> An katse wannan lokacin ta hanyar kutse da dama cikin yankin kariyar Larabawa ta Kudu,<ref>Pankhurst 1997, p. 301</ref><ref>"Ethiopia: The Trials of the Christian Kingdom and the Decline of Imperial Power ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_02"". memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 31 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries"</ref> gami da Dhu Nuwas na Yahudawa na Masarautar Himyarite da yaƙe-yaƙe na Aksumite-Farisiya.<ref>Cohen L (2009). The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-05892-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Latin Letters of Jesuits -Wendy Laura Belcher". wendybelcher.com. Retrieved 4 February 2022</ref><ref>Parfitt R (17 January 2019). The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-316-51519-8</nowiki>.</ref> A shekara ta 575, Aksumiyawa sun kewaye birnin Sana'a suka sake mamaye birnin bayan kashe gwamnanta Sayf ibn Dhī Yazan.<ref>Berndl K (2005). National Geographic Visual History of the World. National Geographic Society. p. 333. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7922-3695-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Getamun, City of Gondar, p. 5</ref><ref>See Solomon Getamun, History of the City of Gondar (Africa World Press, 2005), pp.1–4</ref> An bar Bahar Maliya ga Khalifancin Rashidun a shekara ta 646,<ref>Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University Press, 1968), pp. 297f</ref><ref>Gondar Period". ethiopianhistory.com. Retrieved 5 June 2022.</ref><ref>Pankhurst, Richard (1967). The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 139–143.</ref> kuma musulmin Larabawa sun wawashe birnin Adulis mai tashar jiragen ruwa a karni na 8; tare da lalata ƙasa da ba za a iya jurewa ba, da'awar sauyin yanayi da ruwan sama na lokaci-lokaci daga 730 zuwa 760,<ref>Political Program of the Oromo People's Congress (OPC)". Gargaaraoromopc.org. 23 April 1996. Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Middleton J (1 June 2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. pp. 39–. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-45158-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Tibebu T (June 2018). "Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.279. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4</nowiki>.</ref> waɗannan abubuwan na iya haifar da mulkin ƙasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhimmiyar hanyar kasuwanci.<ref>Keller EJ (2005). "Making and Remaking State and Nation in Ethiopia". In Laremont RR (ed.). Borders, Nationalism, and the African State (PDF). Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 89–92. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-58826-340-7</nowiki>. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2018.</ref><ref>The Egyptians in Abyssinia Archived 26 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Vislardica.com. Retrieved on 3 March 2012.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref> Aksum ya zo karshe a shekara ta 960 lokacin da Sarauniya Gudit ta yi nasara akan sarkin Aksum na karshe.<ref>Caulk R (1971). "The Occupation of Harar: January 1887". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 9 (2): 1–20. JSTOR 41967469.</ref><ref>Young J (1998). "Regionalism and democracy in Ethiopia". Third World Quarterly. 19 (2): 191–204. doi:10.1080/01436599814415. JSTOR 3993156.</ref><ref>International Crisis Group, "Ethnic Federalism and its Discontents". Issue 153 of ''ICG Africa'' report (4 September 2009) p. 2; Italy lost over 4,600 nationals in this battle.</ref> A sakamakon haka, ragowar al'ummar Aksumiyya su koma yankin kudancin kasar, su kafa daular Zagwe, suka canza babban birninsu zuwa Lalibela.<ref>Negash, Tekeste. Eritrea and Ethiopia : The Federal Experience. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (2005) <nowiki>ISBN 1-56000-992-6</nowiki> pp. 13–14</ref><ref>Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again – and aid groups fear the worst". Time. 21 December 1987</ref><ref>Pankhurst R (1966). "The Great Ethiopian Famine of 1888–1892: A New Assessment". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 21 (2): 95–124.</ref> Mulkin Zagwe ya ƙare lokacin da wani babban mutum mai daraja na Amhara Yekuno Amlak ya yi tawaye ga Sarki Yetbarak kuma ya kafa daular Habasha (wanda aka sani da "Abyssinia").<ref>Broich T (2017). "U.S. and Soviet Foreign Aid during the Cold War – A Case Study of Ethiopia". The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 19 October 2018.</ref><ref>Asnake Kefale, Tomasz Kamusella and Christopher Van der Beken. 2021. Eurasian Empires as Blueprints for Ethiopia: From Ethnolinguistic Nation-State to Multiethnic Federation. London: Routledge, pp. 23–34</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher (2005) "Ḫaylä Śəllase" in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1062–1063.</ref> Biete Medhane Alem, wanda aka gina a zamanin daular Zagwe a tsakiyar zamanai Daular Habasha ta fara fadada yankunan karkashin jagorancin Amda Seyon I.<ref>Tibebu T (1995). The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974. RedSeaPr. p. 145. <nowiki>ISBN 1569020019</nowiki>.</ref><ref>(1963) Haile Selassie, "Towards African Unity"". BlackPast.org. 7 August 2009</ref><ref>Will arms ban slow war?". BBC News. 18 May 2000. Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>Clapham, "Ḫaylä Śəllase", Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, p. 1063.</ref> Ya kaddamar da yakin yaki da makiya musulmi na gabas, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi a cikin ma'auni wajen nuna goyon baya ga kiristoci tsawon shekaru biyu masu zuwa.<ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 21</ref> Bayan nasarar yakin gabas da Amda Seyon ya yi, akasarin sarakunan musulmi a yankin kahon Afirka sun shiga karkashin mulkin daular Habasha.<ref>REMOVAL IS QUIET". The New York Times. Reuters. 13 September 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref><ref>Valdes Vivo, p. 115.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Executes 60 Former Officials, Including 2 Premiers and Military Chief". The New York Times. Reuters. 24 November 1974. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 June 2021.</ref> An miƙe daga Gojjam zuwa gabar tekun Somaliya a cikin Zelia.<ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>ʼAndārgāčaw Ṭerunah (1993). The Ethiopian revolution, 1974–1987: a transformation from an aristocratic to a totalitarian autocracy. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 0-521-43082-8</nowiki>. OCLC 25316141.</ref> Daga cikin wadannan al'ummomin musulmi akwai masarautar Ifat. A zamanin sarki Zara Yaqob,<ref>Dagne HG (2006). The commitment of the German Democratic Republic in Ethiopia: a study based on Ethiopian sources. London: Global Lit. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-8258-9535-8</nowiki>.</ref><ref>The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact". Library of Congress.</ref><ref>Oberdorfer D (March 1978). "The Superpowers and the Ogaden War". The Washington Post.</ref> daular Habasha ta kai kololuwarta.<ref>US admits helping Mengistu escape". BBC. 22 December 1999. Retrieved 13 December 2017</ref><ref>The Black Book of Communism, pp. 687–95</ref><ref>Ottaway DB (21 March 1979). "Addis Ababa Emerges From a Long, Bloody War". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref> Mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar mallakar yankuna daga sarakunan farko,<ref>Katz DR (21 September 1978). "Ethiopia After the Revolution: Vultures in the Land of Sheba". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.</ref><ref>Stapleton TJ (2017). A History of Genocide in Africa. ABC-CLIO. p. 163. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4408-3052-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections</ref> da kula da gina majami'u da gidajen ibada da yawa, haɓaka wallafe-wallafe da fasaha, da ƙarfafa ikon daular tsakiya.<ref>Foreign Policy". Library of Congress – American Memory: Remaining Collections.</ref><ref>Crowell Anderson-Jaquest T (May 2002). "Restructuring the Soviet–Ethiopian Relationship: A Csse Study in Asymmetric Exchange" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science.</ref><ref>Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Mengistu Haile Mariam Interview (1990), 13 June 2020, retrieved 17 June 2021</ref> Magajin Ifat, Adal Sultanate,<ref>Tessema S (November 2017). "ADDIS ABABA". Anadolu Agency.</ref><ref>War 'devastated' Ethiopian economy". BBC News. 7 August 2001. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia and Eritrea declare end of war". BBC News. 9 July 2018.</ref> ya yi ƙoƙari ya ci Habasha a lokacin yaƙin Habasha-Adal, amma a ƙarshe an ci nasara a yakin Wayna Daga 1543.<ref>Why a photo of Mengistu has proved so controversial". BBC News. August 2018</ref><ref>Lyons 1996, pp. 121–23</ref><ref>Article 5" (PDF). Ethiopian Constitution. WIPO. Retrieved 2 July 2015.</ref> A karni na 16, kwararowar 'yan kabilar Oromo zuwa sassan arewacin yankin ya wargaza karfin daular.<ref>Ahmed H, Goldstein J (24 September 2018). "Thousands Are Arrested in Ethiopia After Ethnic Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref>"At least 23 die in weekend of Ethiopia ethnic violence". The Daily Star. 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018</ref><ref>12 killed in latest attack in western Ethiopia". News24. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref> Da suka taso daga yankin Guji da Borena a yau, Oromos sun sami ƙwarin guiwa ne da ra'ayoyi da yawa na al'ada - tun daga Moggaasaa<ref>Fano Will Not Lay Down Arms If Demands Are Not Met: Chairman, retrieved 28 March 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopian parliament allows PM Abiy to stay in office beyond term". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 10 September 2020.</ref><ref>"Ethiopia's Tigray region defies PM Abiy with 'illegal' election". France 24. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020</ref> da Liqimssa - waɗanda yawancinsu ke da alaƙa da farmakin da suka kai. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa gada na Meslé.<ref>"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rockets hit outskirts of Eritrea capital". BBC News. 15 November 2020.</ref><ref>Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Rights commission to investigate 'mass killings'". BBC News. 14 November 2020</ref><ref>Ethiopia: Tigray leader confirms bombing Eritrean capital". Al-Jazeera. 15 November 2020</ref> A cewar Abba Bahrey, farkon fadada ya faru ne a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Dawit II (luba Melbah),<ref>Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers". The Globe and Mail. 15 March 2022.</ref><ref>Chothia F, Bekit T (19 October 2022). "Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022</ref><ref>Amhara conflict: Ethiopians massacred in their homes by government troops". 13 February 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref> lokacin da suka mamaye Bale kafin su mamaye Adal Sultanate.<ref>Account (16 February 2024). "Statement on the Indiscriminate Massacre of the Residents of Merawi in Ethiopia". Borkena Ethiopian News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</ref><ref>CIA World Factbook – Rank Order – Area". Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2008.</ref><ref>UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre</ref> Habasha ta ga babban huldar diflomasiyya da Portugal daga karni na 17, galibin alaka da addini. Tun daga 1555,<ref>Does It Snow In Ethiopia [Winter Travel]". 15 January 2023</ref><ref>While Egypt Struggles, Ethiopia Builds over the Blue Nile: Controversies and the Way Forward". Brookings.edu</ref><ref>Misiani HO, Finney DL, Segele ZT, Marsham JH, Tadege A, Artan G, Atheru Z (12 December 2020). "Circulation Patterns Associated with Current and Future Rainfall over Ethiopia and South Sudan from a Convection-Permitting Model". Atmosphere. 11 (12): 1352.</ref> Jesuits Portuguese sun yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka Roman Katolika a matsayin addinin jiha. Bayan gazawa da yawa, sun aika da masu mishan da yawa a cikin 1603,<ref>Ethiopia, Climate Change and Migration: A little more knowledge and a more nuanced perspective could greatly benefit thinking on policy – Ethiopia". ReliefWeb. 6 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2020.</ref><ref>Dahir AL (5 March 2019). "Ethiopia is launching a global crowdfunding campaign to give its capital a green facelift". Quartz Africa. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Ethiopia PM hosts 'most expensive dinner'". 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref> ciki har da wanda ya fi tasiri, Mutanen Espanya Jesuit Pedro Paez.<ref>AfricaNews (14 May 2019). "Ethiopia PM raises over $25m for project to beautify Addis Ababa". Africanews. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Addisstandard (25 April 2019). "News: China's reprieve on interest-free loan only". Addis Standard. Retrieved 23 May 2019.</ref><ref>Bicyclus, Site of Markku Savela</ref> A karkashin sarki Susenyos na I, Roman Katolika ya zama addinin daular Habasha a shekara ta 1622.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>United Nations Statistics Division, Millennium Development Goals indicators: Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), thousand tonnes of CO2 (collected by CDIAC) Human-produced, direct emissions of carbon dioxide only. Excludes other greenhouse gases; land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF); and natural background flows of CO2 (See also: Carbon cycle)</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Nations. Ethiopia Environment</ref> Wannan shawarar ta haifar da tashin hankali daga al'ummar Orthodox.<ref>Kurpis, Lauren (2002). How to Help Endangered Species Archived 4 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Endangeredspecie.com</ref><ref>Massicot, Paul (2005). Animal Info-Ethiopia.</ref><ref>Khoury CK, Achicanoy HA, Bjorkman AD, Navarro-Racines C, Guarino L, Flores-Palacios X, Engels JM, Wiersema JH, Dempewolf H (15 June 2016). "Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide". Proc. R. Soc. B. 283 (1832): 20160792. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0792. PMC 4920324.</ref><gallery> File:Ethopia Map-Konkani Vishwakosh.jpg|[[Fayil:Ethiopia 2012 (6904150641).jpg|thumb|ginin itofiya]]Taswiran Kasar Etofiya a zamanin da<ref>Lewis IM (27 August 1976). "The peoples and cultures of Ethiopia". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 194 (1114): 7–16. Bibcode:1976RSPSB.194....7L. doi:10.1098/rspb.1976.0061. ISSN 0080-4649. <nowiki>PMID 11482</nowiki>. S2CID 46723065.</ref> File:Chamber of Columns, Sof Omar Caves.jpg|Tsohon hoto a kasar ta Etofiya File:PR-CN-1972-185-Box-2-14 (35216667131).jpg|Sojan kasar Etofiya da shugaban kasa File:Gragne.jpg| Sassaken Gragne akan doki Fayil:Ethiopia - Location Map (2013) - ETH - UNOCHA.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:LocationEthiopia.svg|Manunin itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia relief location map.jpg|Map din itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia rainfall and seasons.png|Lokacin damuna a itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia flag black and white.jpg|Tutar itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia on the globe (Africa centered).svg|Itofiya File:Ethiopian Airlines A350 ET-ATQ.jpg| Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wassan alada a Itofiya Fayil:Sunrise at Ethiopia´s salt flats.jpg|Faduwar Rana itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia Banna tribe kids.jpg|Wasanni a itofiya Fayil:A Step Forward, Ethiopia (13599989815).jpg|Itofiya Fayil:Ethiopia - Lake Assale.jpg|Ruwan itofiya </gallery> == Habasha da Musulunci == Kasar habasha ita ce kasa ta farko da ta kare [[musulmin]] farko da su ka tsira daga arnan [[makka]],<ref>Liddell HG, Scott R. "Aithiops". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus. Retrieved 16 March 2009.</ref><ref>Schoff WH (1912). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean. Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 62. Retrieved 28 September 2016.</ref><ref>For all references to Ethiopia in Herodotus, see: this list at the Perseus Project.</ref> da kyakkyawar dangantakar da take tsakanin musulmai da habasha a zamanin Annabi Muhammad (S. A. W)<ref>Ansari A (7 October 2009). "Oldest human skeleton offers new clues to evolution". CNN.com/technology. Retrieved 2 March 2011.</ref><ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Mother of man – 3.2 million years ago". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2009</ref> [[Manzon Allah|manzon Allah,]] amma ta soma wargajewa tsakanin habasha da kasashen musulinci a zamanin [[Umar dan khaddab]] yardar Allah ta Kara tabbata a ga reshi,<ref>Johanson DC, Wong K (2010). Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. Crown Publishing Group. pp. 8–9. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Institute of Human Origins: Lucy's Story". 15 June 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2017</ref><ref>Mcdougall I, Brown H, Fleagle G (February 2005). "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia" (PDF). Nature. 433 (7027): 733–36. Bibcode:2005Natur.433..733M. doi:10.1038/nature03258. <nowiki>PMID 15716951</nowiki>. S2CID 1454595.</ref> a wannan lokacin habashawa suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a tashar jirgin ruwa ta [[jidda]] kasar [[saudiyya]] abin da yasa musulmai suka maida martani.<ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>White T, Asfaw B, Degusta D, Gilbert H, Richards G, Suwa G, Clark Howell F (2003). "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia". Nature. 423 (6941): 742–47. Bibcode:2003Natur.423..742W. doi:10.1038/nature01669. <nowiki>PMID 12802332</nowiki>. S2CID 4432091.</ref><ref>Callaway E (7 June 2017). "Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22114. Retrieved 5 July 2017.</ref> A shekara ta 83 ta hijira musulmai suka kama wani birni a kusa da habasha dan su ringa lura da habashawa, a shekara ta 1510 bayan haihuwar Annabi '''Isah'''<ref>Hammond AS, Royer DF, Fleagle JG (July 2017). "The Omo-Kibish I pelvis". Journal of Human Evolution. 108: 199–219. Bibcode:2017JHumE.108..199H. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.04.004. ISSN 1095-8606. <nowiki>PMID 28552208</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Zarins J (1990). "Early Pastoral Nomadism and the Settlement of Lower Mesopotamia". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 280 (280): 31–65. doi:10.2307/1357309. JSTOR 1357309. S2CID 163491760.</ref> sarauniyar habasha ta aika manzo na musamman zuwa ga aiman wail sarkin Burtugal dan saboda ya ci musulmai da yaki a taikun [[Indiya]] ta kuma nemi hadin kai daga wajan shi dan ya turamata da sojoji ta yaki [[makka]] sai ya yadda da maganarta ya turumata sojojin masu dumbin yawa ko da haka musulmai sun ci su da yaki sun kashe musu babban hafsan sojojin su,<ref>Diamond J, Bellwood P (2003). "Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions" (PDF). Science (Submitted manuscript). 300 (5619): 597–603. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..597D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1013.4523. doi:10.1126/science.1078208. JSTOR 3834351. <nowiki>PMID 12714734</nowiki>. S2CID 13350469.</ref><ref>Güldemann T (2018). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 311. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9</ref><ref>Campbell L (2021). Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-262-54218-0</nowiki>.</ref> amma duk da haka musulmai basusamu dama sun shiga habasha ba.<ref>Campbell L (2021). ''Historical Linguistics, Fourth Edition''. The MIT Press. pp. 399–400. ISBN <bdi>978-0-262-54218-0</bdi>.</ref><ref>Zimmer C (8 August 2019). "In the Ethiopian Mountains, Ancient Humans Were Living the High Life". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref><ref>Katz B. "Archaeologists Uncover Evidence of an Ancient High-Altitude Human Dwelling". Smithsonian. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> == Addinai == * 40% kirista<ref>Smith KN (9 August 2019). "The first people to live at high elevations snacked on giant mole rats". Ars Technica. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 45% musulunci<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019</ref> * 10% brutustan<ref>Dvorsky G (9 August 2019). "This Rock Shelter in Ethiopia May Be the Earliest Evidence of Humans Living in the Mountains". Gizmodo. Retrieved 16 August 2019.</ref> * 5% yahudawa da wa yanda basuda addini<ref>Miehe G, Opgenoorth L, Zech W, Woldu Z, Vogelsang R, Veit H, Nemomissa S, Negash A, Nauss T (9 August 2019). "Middle Stone Age foragers resided in high elevations of the glaciated Bale Mountains, Ethiopia". Science. 365 (6453): 583–587. Bibcode:2019Sci...365..583O. doi:10.1126/science.aaw8942. ISSN 0036-8075. <nowiki>PMID 31395781</nowiki>. S2CID 199505803.</ref> '''Ƙasashen da suke maƙotaka da jihohin Itofiya''' == Iyaka == Itofiya tana daya daga cikin kasashe da suke gabashin afirika tana makotaka da ƙasashe biyar sune :- * daga nahiyar arewaci [[Eritrea]]<ref>Sahle Y, Hutchings WK, Braun DR, Sealy JC, Morgan LE, Negash A, Atnafu B (2013). Petraglia MD (ed.). "Earliest Stone-Tipped Projectiles from the Ethiopian Rift Date to >279,000 Years Ago". PLOS ONE. 8 (11): e78092. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878092S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078092. PMC 3827237. <nowiki>PMID 24236011</nowiki>.</ref> * daga yammaci [[Sudan]] <ref>Sahle Y, Brooks AS (2018). "Assessment of complex projectiles in the early Late Pleistocene at Aduma, Ethiopia". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216716. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1416716S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216716. PMC 6508696. <nowiki>PMID 31071181</nowiki>.</ref> * daga kudanci [[Kenya]]<ref>Munro-Hay, p. 57</ref> * daga gabashin [[Somaliya]]<ref>Uhlig, Siegbert (ed.) (2005) Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, "Ge'ez". Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 732</ref> * daga arewa maso gabashin [[Jibuti]] == Jihohin ƙasar == [[File:Ethiopia regions numbered.png|300px|thumb|right|Bizunga ya Itofiya.]] kuma tanada jihohi goma sha daya ko wace jiha da sunan kabila mafi yawa sone:- * 1 [[Addis Ababa]] <ref>Munro-Hay, p. 13</ref> * 2 [[Afar]] <ref>Solomonic Descent in Ethiopian History". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20 December 2021.</ref> * 3 [[Amhara]] <ref>Adejumobi, Saheed A. (2007). The history of Ethiopia. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 171. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-313-32273-0</nowiki>.</ref> * 4 [[Benishangul-Gumuz]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). BritishMuseum.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 5 [[Dire Dawa]] <ref>The British Museum, The CarAf Centre. "The wealth of Africa – The kingdom of Aksum – Teachers' notes" (PDF). ''BritishMuseum.org''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2019.</ref> * 6 [[Gambela]] <ref>Gold production". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2024.</ref> * 7 [[Harari]] <ref>Karl W. Butzer, "Rise and Fall of Axum, Ethiopia: A Geo-Archaeological Interpretation", American Antiquity 46, (July 1981), p. 495</ref> * 8 [[Oromia]] <ref>Kingdom of Abyssinia". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</ref> * 9 [[Somali]] <ref>A New History Changes the Balance of Power Between Ethiopia and Medieval Europe". 9 January 2022</ref> * 10 Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region<ref>Ethiopia The Zagwe Dynasty – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System". photius.com. Retrieved 16 December 2021.</ref> * 11 [[Tigray]]<ref>Pankhurst R (1982). History of Ethiopian Towns. Steiner. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-515-03204-9</nowiki>.</ref> game da haka sunada bine biyu na masamman yaren [[amhari]] sune [[Adis ababa]] da [[dira dawa]]<ref>UNESCO General History of Africa. University of California Press. 3 November 1992. p. 283. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-06698-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Gondar Fasiladas Bath Timket.jpg|Jama'a sun taru a wurin wankan Fasiladas a Gondar, Habasha, don bikin Timket - Epiphany na Cocin Orthodox na Habasha. File:Dallol-2001.jpg|Dutse mai aman wuta, mai suna Dallo File:FasilidasPalaceGonder.jpg|Fadar Fasilidas, Gonder File:The Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, calling on the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh in New Delhi on November 06, 2007.jpg| prime ministan Etofiya Mr Zeles Zewani a India tare da Dr Manmohan Singh a Delhi File:Manmohan Singh with the Prime Minister of Canada, Mr. Stephen Harper, the President of South Africa, Mr. Jacob Zuma and the Prime Minister of Ethopia, Mr. Meles Zenawi, at the plenary session of G-20 Summit, in Cannes.jpg| Su biyu da wasu shuwagabannin kasa </gallery>{{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ethiopia}} [[Category:kasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasar Itofiya]] pnb6ote8gzcuukzdrxlxc0j2uqk2fxd 0 2449 888433 880888 2026-07-28T10:39:03Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 /* Rabe-raben yawan jama'a */ 888433 wikitext text/x-wiki == Rabe-raben yawan jama'a == Hausawa, a cikin shekaru dari biyar (500) da suka gabata a baya, sun ratsa babban yankin [[Afirka]] a duk ƙusurwoyi guda huɗu (4) saboda dalilai daban-daban daga aikin soja, cinikayya mai nisa, farauta, yin [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]], tserewa daga sarakunan hauka masu zalunci da kuma yaɗa addinin Islama. Saboda yawancin masu magana a cikin harshen Hausawa Musulmai ne, da yawa sun yi ƙoƙari su fara aikin hajji, abin da ake buƙata ga duk Musulman da suka iya halarta. A kan hanyar zuwa ko dawowa daga yankin Hijaz, mutane da yawa sun zauna, sau da yawa suna zama 'yan asalin ƙasar har zuwa wani mataki. Misali, yawancin Hausawa a Saudi Arabia sun bayyana kansu a matsayin Hausa da Afro-Arab.<ref name=":3">Macijiyar cikin rijiya waddda ta hana samun ruwa sai ranar juma'a </ref> A cikin duniyar Larabawa, sunan mahaifiyar "Hausawi" (wanda aka rubuta "Hawsawi") alama ce ta kakannin Hausawa. Ƙasar mutanen Hausa ita ce ("Kasar Hausa"), wanda ke cikin arewacin Najeriya da Kudancin Nijar. Ana samun mutanen Hausawa a ko'ina, a cikin Afirka da Yammacin Asiya. Malami a Cambridge Charles Henry Robinson ya rubuta a shekarar 1890, cewa "Za a sami mazaunan mutanen Hausa a Alexandria, Tripoli, Tunis".[and]   Teburan da ke ƙasa yana nuna rarraba yawan kabilun Hausa ta ƙasar asali, a waje da [[Najeriya]] da Nijar: <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Ethnologue.com entry for Hausa |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=HUA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131224638/http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=HUA |archive-date=2009-01-31 |access-date=2011-07-25}}</ref><ref>{{In lang|fr}} {{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=La famille chamito-sémitique (ou afro-asiatique) |url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/monde/famarabe.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805230708/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/monde/famarabe.htm |archive-date=5 August 2011 |access-date=25 April 2017 |website=www.tlfq.ulaval.ca |publisher=Universite Laval}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Country !Population |- |{{Flagcountry|Côte d'Ivoire}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |1,000,000<ref name="ethnologue.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/| title=Hausa| publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref> |- |{{Flagcountry|Sudan}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |664,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sudan |url=https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/soudan.htm |access-date=December 8, 2023}}</ref> |- |{{Flagcountry|Cameroon}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |400,000{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- |{{Flagcountry|Chad}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |287,000{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}} |- |{{Flagcountry|Ghana}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |275,000<ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/hau/| title=Hausa| publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=30 October 2023}}</ref> |- |{{Flagcountry|Benin}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |36,360 |- |{{Flagcountry|Central African Republic}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |33,000{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}} |- |{{Flagcountry|Eritrea}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |30,000 |- |{{Flagcountry|Equatorial Guinea}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |26,000{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- |{{Flagcountry|Togo}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |21,000{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- |{{Flagcountry|Congo}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |12,000{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}} |- |{{Flagcountry|Gabon}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |17,000{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- |{{Flagcountry|Algeria}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |11,000{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}} |- |{{Flagcountry|Gambia}} | style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;" |10,000{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}} |} == Tarihi == [[Daura]], a arewacin [[Najeriya]], ita ce birni mafi tsufa a [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausaland]]. Hausa na [[Gobir]], kuma a arewacin Najeriya, suna magana da tsohuwar yaren gargajiya na yaren Hausa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hausa Dialect Frame |url=http://aflang.humnet.ucla.edu/Hausa/Language/dialectframe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919163335/http://aflang.humnet.ucla.edu/Hausa/Language/dialectframe.html |archive-date=19 September 2015 |access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> A tarihi, Katsina ita ce cibiyar ilimin Islama ta Hausa amma daga baya Sokoto ta maye gurbin ta daga karni na 19 Usman Dan Fodio [[Musulunci]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sulaiman |first=Khalid |date= |title=Karatun Allo: The Islamic System Of Elementary Education In Hausaland |url=http://www.gamji.com/article6000/NEWS6032.htm |website=www.gamji.com}}</ref> [[Fayil:Photo1906_courtyard_of_Sultans_palace_Zinder.jpg|thumb|Hoton fadar Sultan na [[Zinder]], 1906.]] Hausawa a al'adu da tarihi sun fi kusanci da sauran kabilun [[Sahel]], musamman [[Fulani]] ; [[Zabarmawa|Zarma]] da [[Mutanen Songhai|Songhai]] (a [[Tillabéri (gari)|Tillabery]], [[Tahoua (gari)|Tahoua]] da [[Masarautar Dosso|Dosso]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] ); Larabawan [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] da [[Shuwa Arab|Shuwa]] (a [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Sudan]] da arewa maso gabashin Najeriya); [[Buzaye|Abzinawa]] (a [[Agadez]], [[Maradi]] da [[Zinder]] ); [[Harsunan Gur|Gur]] da [[Mutanen Gonja|Gonja]] (a arewa maso gabashin [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], arewacin [[Togo]] da [[Benin]] ta sama); [[Gbagyi|Gwari]] (a tsakiyar Najeriya); da [[Mutanen Mandé|Mandinka]], Bambara, [[Mutanen Dyula|Dioula]] da [[Mutanen Soninke|Soninke]] (a [[Mali]], [[Senegal]], [[Gambiya|Gambia]], [[Ivory Coast]] da [[Gini|Guinea]] ). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Dukkanin wadannan kabilu daban-daban a cikin da kewayen kasar Hausa suna zaune ne a cikin faffadan faffadan kasashen [[Sahel]] da [[Sahara]] da Sudan, kuma sakamakon yanayin kasa da kuma rikice-rikicen da ake samu na hanyoyin kasuwanci na Afirka na gargajiya, makwabtan Hausawa ne suka rinjayi al'adunsu, kamar yadda TL Hodgkin ya yi nuni da cewa, "Babban fa'idar [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] ita ce, kasuwanci da kasuwanci kusan kowane iyali yana da hannu. wani abu ne mai girma game da wannan masana'anta, wanda ya bazu zuwa arewa har zuwa Murzuk, Ghat har ma da [[Tripoli]], zuwa Yamma, ba kawai zuwa [[Timbuktu|Timbuctu]] ba, amma a wani mataki har zuwa gabar Tekun [[Masarautar Adamawa|Atlantika]], ainihin mazaunan Arguin suna sanye da rigar da aka saka da rini a [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] ; zuwa gabas, ko'ina cikin [[Masarautar Borno|Borno]], ... da kuma yankin kudu maso gabas. sutura." A cikin sheda karara ga da'awar T. L Hodgkin, al'ummar [[Agadez]] da sahara na tsakiyar Nijar, Abzinawa da kungiyoyin Hausa ba su da bambanci da juna a cikin tufafin gargajiya; both wear the tagelmust and indigo [[Babbar riga|Babban Riga/Gandora]] . Amma ƙungiyoyin biyu sun bambanta ta harshe, salon rayuwa da kuma fitattun dabbobi masu kaya (Abinawa suna amfani da [[Raƙumi|raƙuma]], yayin da Hausawa ke hawan dawakai ). Sauran Hausawa sun yi tasiri a kan sauran kabilun kudu da makamantansu da makwabtansu na Sahel, wadanda suka yi tasiri sosai a al’adun wadannan kungiyoyi. Dokokin [[Shari'a|Shari’ar]] Musulunci sako-sako ne a cikin kasar Hausa, wanda duk wani malami ko malamin addinin Musulunci ya fahimce <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; &#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">wanda</span></nowiki>''</sup> a kasar Hausa aka sani da ''mallam'' ko ''mallan'' ko ''malam'' (duba Maulana ). Wannan hali na jam’i na kabilanci da alaƙar al’adu ya baiwa Hausawa damar zama ɗaya daga cikin yankuna mafi girma na ƙabilun [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=404 Error Page – University of Liverpool |url=http://www.liv.ac.uk/history/research/Hausa_identity/Abstracts_Hausa_Norwich.pdf |access-date=4 November 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Fayil:The_gateway_to_the_Sahara;_observations_and_experiences_in_Tripoli_(1909)_(14784872245).jpg|right|frameless|352x352px]] A karni na 7, [[Dutsen Dala|tsaunin Dalla]] da ke [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] ya kasance wurin da al’ummar Hausawa suka yi hijira daga [[Gaya (Nijeriya)|Gaya]] suka yi sana’ar karfe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |title=Historical Origins of Kano |url=http://kanoonline.com/jmqs/index.php/history/historical-origins-of-kano |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930053244/http://kanoonline.com/jmqs/index.php/history/historical-origins-of-kano |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> An kafa masarautun [[Hausa Bakwai]] a cikin karni na bakwai zuwa na 11. Daga cikin wadannan, [[Kingdom of Daura|Masarautar Daura]] ita ce ta farko, kamar yadda labarin [[Bayajidda]] ya fada. Labarin Bayajidda sabon tunani ne a tarihin Hausawa wanda ya samu karbuwa da karbuwa a hukumance a karkashin gwamnatin Musulunci da cibiyoyi da aka kafa bayan jihadin Usman dan Fodio a shekara ta 1804. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Masarautar Hausa sun kasance ƙungiyoyin siyasa masu zaman kansu a yankin Arewacin Najeriya a yanzu . Jihohin birnin Hausa sun zama yankunan kudancin kudancin sahara na cinikin ayari. Kamar sauran garuruwa irin su Gao da Timbuktu da ke daular Mali, wadannan jihohin sun zama cibiyar kasuwanci mai nisa. ‘Yan kasuwan Hausawa a kowanne daga cikin wadannan garuruwan sun tattara kayayyakin kasuwanci daga cikin gida kamar fata, rini, kayan doki, makullai na karafa da goro daga yankin dajin damina zuwa kudu ta hanyar ciniki ko kai hari bayi. su (da haraji) sannan a tura su arewa zuwa garuruwan da ke kusa da Bahar Rum . [1] A karni na 12 miladiyya, Hausawa sun zama daya daga cikin manyan kasashen Afirka masu karfin kasuwanci, suna fafatawa da Kanem-Bornu da Daular Mali . [2] Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune fata, zinari, tufa, gishiri, goro, bayi, fatun dabbobi, da henna . Tabbas ciniki ya rinjayi addini. A karni na 14, addinin musulunci ya fara yaduwa a kasar Hausa domin malaman Wangara, malamai da 'yan kasuwa daga Mali da ma na Magrib sun kawo addinin tare da su. A farkon karni na 15, Hausa suna amfani da Rubutun Larabci da aka gyara da aka sani da ''[[ajami]]'' don yin rikodin yarensu. Hausa sun tattara rubuce-rubuce da yawa, mafi mashahuri shine Kano Chronicle . An gano rubuce-rubucen Hausa da yawa na zamani masu kama da rubuce-bucen Timbuktu da aka rubuta a cikin rubutun Ajami kwanan nan, wasu daga cikinsu suna kwatanta taurari da [[Hijira kalanda|kalandar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Aramco World : From Africa, in Ajami |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201105/from.africa.in.ajami.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130201717/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201105/from.africa.in.ajami.htm |archive-date=30 November 2014 |access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> [[Fayil:Gobir_man.jpg|left|thumb|337x337px|Hoton wani mutumin Hausa daga [[Gobir]] na Carl Arriens (1913) ]] An gina Gobarau Minaret a karni na 15 a Katsina . Ginin mita 50 ne wanda ke tsakiyar birnin Katsina, babban birnin Jihar Katsina. Gobarau minaret, alama ce ta jihar, misali ne na farko na gine-ginen Islama a cikin birni wanda ke alfahari da kansa a matsayin muhimmiyar cibiyar ilmantarwa ta Islama. An yi imanin cewa minaret yana daya daga cikin gine-gine na farko na Yammacin Afirka kuma ya kasance gini mafi tsayi a Katsina. Asalin masallacin an danganta shi da kokarin masanin addinin Islama mai tasiri Sheikh Muhammad al-Maghili da Sultan Muhammadu Korau na Katsina. Al-Maghili ya fito ne daga garin Tlemcen a Aljeriya ta yanzu kuma ya koyar na ɗan lokaci a Katsina, wanda ya zama cibiyar ilmantarwa a wannan lokacin, lokacin da ya ziyarci garin a ƙarshen karni na 15 a lokacin mulkin Muhammadu Korau . Shi da Korau sun tattauna ra'ayin gina masallaci don zama cibiyar ayyukan ruhaniya da na ilimi. An tsara masallacin Gobarau kuma an gina shi don nuna salon gine-ginen Timbuktu. Ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar ilmantarwa, yana jan hankalin malamai da dalibai daga nesa da ko'ina, kuma daga baya ya zama wani nau'in jami'a.[1] [[Muhammad Rumfa]] shi ne Sultan na Sultanate na Kano, wanda ke cikin [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] ta zamani, [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]] . Ya yi sarauta daga 1463 har zuwa 1499.<ref name="wwr">{{Cite web |title=50 Greatest Africans – Sarki Muhammad Rumfa & Emperor Semamun |url=http://www.whenweruled.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=25 |access-date=2007-05-05 |website=When We Ruled |publisher=Every Generation Media}}</ref> Daga cikin nasarorin Rumfa sun hada da fadada ganuwar birni, gina babban fadar, [[Gidan Rumfa]], inganta bayi zuwa mukamai na gwamnati da kuma kafa babban [[Kasuwar Kurmi]], wanda har yanzu ana amfani dashi a yau. Kasuwar Kurmi tana daga cikin tsofaffin kasuwannin gida mafi girma a Afirka. An yi amfani da shi a matsayin kasuwar kasa da kasa inda ake musayar kayayyakin Arewacin Afirka don kayayyakin cikin gida ta hanyar cinikin Sahara.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=Ancient Kano City Walls and Associated Sties |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5171/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221203256/http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5171/ |archive-date=21 February 2008 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=World Heritage UNESCO}}</ref><ref name="nhm">{{Cite web |title=Caravans Across the Desert: Marketplace |url=http://www.nhm.org/africa/tour/desert/030.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930021007/http://www.nhm.org/africa/tour/desert/030.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2007-09-30 |access-date=2007-05-06 |website=AFRICA: One Continent. Many Worlds. |publisher=Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Foundation}}</ref> Muhammad Rumfa shi ne kuma ke da alhakin yawancin Musulunci na Kano, yayin da ya bukaci fitattun mazauna su tuba.<ref name="nhm" /> An yi imanin cewa Sarauniya [[Kingdom of Zazzau|Zazzau]]"(Amina)(ko Aminatu) ta mallaki Zazzau tsakanin karni na 15 da karni na 16 na tsawon shekaru 34. Amina tana da shekaru 16 lokacin da mahaifiyarta, Bakwa Turunku ta zama sarauniya kuma an ba ta taken gargajiya na ''Magajiya'', girmamawa da 'ya'yan sarakuna suka ɗauka. Ta inganta kwarewarta ta soja kuma ta zama sananniya saboda jaruntakarta da ayyukan soja, yayin da aka yi bikin a cikin waƙa a matsayin "Amina, 'yar Nikatau, mace mai iyawa kamar namiji. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=History and Women: Amina of Zaria |url=http://www.historyandwomen.com/2010/08/amina-of-zaria.html |access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> An yaba wa Amina a matsayin mai kula da gine-gine wanda ya kirkiro ganuwar ƙasa mai ƙarfi da ke kewaye da birninta, wanda shine samfurin ganuwar da aka yi amfani da ita a duk jihohin Hausa. Daga baya ta gina yawancin wadannan ganuwar, wanda aka fi sani da ganuwar Amina ko ganuwar amina, a kusa da biranen da aka ci nasara. Manufofin nasarorin da ta samu sun kasance biyu: fadada al'ummarta fiye da iyakokinta na farko da kuma rage biranen da aka ci nasara zuwa matsayin mai mulki. Sultan [[Muhammadu Bello|Muhammad Bello]] na [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] ya bayyana cewa, "Ta yi yaƙi a kan waɗannan ƙasashe kuma ta shawo kansu gaba ɗaya don mutanen Katsina su biya haraji a gare ta da mutanen Kano kuma... ta yi yaƙi da biranen [[Bauchi (birni)|Bauchi]] har sai mulkinta ya kai teku a kudu da yamma. " Hakazalika, ta jagoranci sojojinta har zuwa [[Kwararafa]] da [[Masarautar Bida|Nupe]] kuma, bisa ga Tarihin Kano, "Sarkin Nupe ya aiko mata (watau gimbiya) 40 da 10,000 kola nuts" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Queen Amina & Queen Bakwa Turunku |url=http://www.whenweruled.com/?p=84 |access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> [[Fayil:Sokoto_caliphate.png|thumb|Halifa ta Hausa-Fulani Sokoto a karni na 19]] Daga 1804 zuwa 1808, Fulani, wani kabilanci na Musulunci na Afirka wanda ya mamaye Afirka ta Yamma kuma ya zauna a Hausaland tun farkon shekarun 1500, tare da goyon bayan manoman Hausa da aka riga aka zalunta sun tayar da harajin shanu da tsanantawa na addini a ƙarƙashin sabon sarki na Gobir, wanda magajinsa da mahaifinsa suka yarda da masu bisharar Musulmi har ma sun fi son babban malamin Musulmi na ranar, Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio wanda sabon sarki ya nemi kawo karshen rayuwarsa. Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio ya tsere daga Gobir kuma daga masallacinsa ya ayyana Jihad a kan sarkinsa da duk sarakunan daular Habe saboda zargin haɗama, arna, rashin adalci ga ajin manoma, amfani da haraji mai nauyi da keta ka'idodin dokar Sharia. Kamancin al'adun Fulani da Hausa a matsayin mutanen Sahelian, duk da haka, sun ba da damar haɗin kai tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu. Tun daga farkon karni na 20, ana rarraba waɗannan mutane a matsayin "Hausa-Fulani" a cikin Najeriya maimakon a matsayin ƙungiyoyi.[1] A zahiri, yawancin Fulani da ke zaune a yankunan Hausa ba za su iya magana da Fulfulde ba kuma suna magana da Hausa a matsayin yarensu na farko. Yawancin Fulani a yankin ba su bambanta kansu daga Hausa ba, saboda sun daɗe suna aure, suna da addinin Islama kuma fiye da rabin dukkan Fulani na Najeriya sun shiga cikin al'adun Hausa.[2] Mai kula da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya Frederick Lugard ya yi amfani da kishiya tsakanin yawancin sarakuna a kudu da gwamnatin Sokoto ta tsakiya don magance yiwuwar kokarin karewa yayin da mutanensa suka yi tafiya zuwa babban birnin.[1] Yayin da Birtaniya ta kusanci birnin Sokoto, sabon Sultan Muhammadu Attahiru I shirya gaggawa na kare birnin kuma ya yi yaƙi da sojojin da ke ci gaba da jagorancin Burtaniya. Birtaniya sun fito da nasara, suna aika Attahiru I da dubban mabiya a kan hijra na Mahdi. A ranar 13 ga Maris, 1903 a babbar kasuwar Sokoto, Wazirin Halifa na karshe ya mika wuya ga mulkin kasar Ingila. Bature ya nada Muhammadu Attahiru II a matsayin sabon Halifa. [1] Lugard ya soke Halifanci, amma ya ci gaba da rike mukaman Sultan a matsayin matsayi na alama a cikin sabuwar tsarin tsaro na Arewacin Najeriya . [2] A cikin watan Yuni 1903, Birtaniya ta ci nasara da sauran sojojin Attahiru na I, wanda aka kashe a wani mataki ; A shekara ta 1906 aka kawo karshen turjiya da turawan ingila da mamayar Hadejia da kuma rasuwar Sarki Muhammadu Mai Shahada na Hadejia a matsayin masarauta ta karshe da ke daular Sokoto. [3] An raba yankin daular Sokoto tsakanin turawan Ingila, Faransanci da Jamusawa karkashin sharuddan taron Berlin . [4] [[Fayil:Hausa_Horseman_wearing_cotton_padded_armour.jpg|left|thumb|Fasahar mahayin doki na [[Masarautar Kano|Kano]] sanye da lifidi (kayan kwalliya) ]] Birtaniya ta kafa Arewacin Najeriya Protectorate don gudanar da yankin, wanda ya hada da mafi yawan daular Sokoto da masarautanta mafi muhimmanci.[1] A karkashin Lugard, an ba da sarakuna daban-daban ikon cin gashin kansu na gida, don haka suna riƙe da yawancin ƙungiyar siyasa ta Khalifancin Sokoto.[2] An bi da yankin Sokoto a matsayin wani masarauta a cikin Protectorate na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mai banƙyama a tattalin arziki da siyasa.[3] Sultan na Sokoto ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin muhimmin matsayi na ruhaniya da addini na musulmi; an ci gaba da fahimtar alaƙar zuriya da dan Fodio. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan Sultans shine Siddiq Abubakar III, wanda ya rike mukamin shekaru 50 daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi da karfi mai tabbatarwa a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a 1966 bayan kisan [[Ahmadu Bello]], Firayim Ministan Arewacin Najeriya.<ref name="Falola" /> Bayan gina Tsarin jirgin kasa na Najeriya, wanda ya kai daga Legas a 1896 zuwa Ibadan a 1900 da Kano a 1911, Hausa na arewacin Najeriya sun zama manyan masu samar da groundnuts. Sun ba da mamaki ga hukumomin Burtaniya, waɗanda suka yi tsammanin Hausa za su juya zuwa samar da auduga. Hausa suna da isasshen ƙwarewar aikin gona don fahimtar auduga yana buƙatar ƙarin ma'aikata kuma farashin Turai da aka bayar don groundnuts sun fi kyau fiye da waɗanda ke cikin auduga. "A cikin shekaru biyu manoma na Hausaland suna samar da tan da yawa na groundnuts cewa hanyar jirgin kasa ba ta iya jimre da zirga-zirga ba. A sakamakon haka, 'yan kasuwa na Turai a Kano dole ne su adana jaka na groundnots a kan tituna. " (Shillington 338). Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya da Faransa ne suka aiwatar da rubutun Boko kuma suka sanya haruffa na hukuma a cikin 1930.[1] Boko haruffa ce ta Latin da ake amfani da ita don rubuta Harshen Hausa. Mutanen Turai ne suka kirkiro boko na farko a farkon karni na 19, kuma sun bunkasa a farkon karni nke 20 ta hanyar Burtaniya (yawanci) da hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Faransa.[2] Tun daga shekarun 1950, boko ya kasance babban haruffa na Hausa.[3] Ana amfani da rubutun Larabci (ajami) yanzu kawai a makarantun Islama da kuma wallafe-wallafen Islama. A yau miliyoyin mutanen da ke magana da harshen Hausa, waɗanda zasu iya karatu da rubutu a cikin Ajami kawai, gwamnatin Najeriya tana ɗaukar su marasa karatu.[4] Duk da haka, Hausa Ajami yana nan a kan takardun banki na Naira. A cikin shekara ta 2014, a cikin wani yunkuri mai rikitarwa, an cire Ajami daga sabon takardar kudi na 100 Naira.[5] Duk da haka, Hausa sun kasance masu mahimmanci a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] da [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. == Ƙungiyoyin mutanen Hausa == Hausas a cikin ƙayyadadden ma'ana 'yan asalin Kasar Hausa (Hausaland) ne waɗanda ake samu a Yammacin Afirka. A cikin Hausa, an yi bambanci tsakanin ƙananan rukuni uku: Habe, Hausa-Fulani (Kado), da Banza ko Banza 7. * "Habe" ana ɗaukar su Hausas masu tsarki. Sun hada da Gobirawa, Kabawa, Rumawa, Adarawa, [[Mutanen Maouri|Maouri]], da sauransu. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun kasance sarakunan Masarautun Hausa kafin juyin juya halin Danfodiyo (Jihad) na 1804. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-04 |title=Full List: Hausa Is World's 11th Most Spoken Language ⋆ |url=https://www.herald.ng/full-list-hausa/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |website= |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603061715/https://www.herald.ng/full-list-hausa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * "Hausa-Fulani" ko "Kado" sune Hausanized Fulas, mutanen da suka haɗu da Hausa da Fulani, mafi yawansu suna magana da bambancin Hausa a matsayin yarensu. Dangane da al'adar asalin Hausa, asalin su ya kasance ne sakamakon kai tsaye na ƙaurawar mutanen Fula zuwa Hausaland wanda ya faru daga ƙarni na 15 kuma daga baya a farkon ƙarni na 19, a lokacin juyin juya halin da Sheikh Usman Danfodiyo ya jagoranta a kan Masarautun Hausa, ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto.<ref name="omniglot.com">{{Cite web |title=Hausa language, alphabets and pronunciation |url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hausa.htm |access-date=4 November 2015}}</ref> Sun hada da kabilun Jobawa, Dambazawa, Mudubawa, Mallawa, da Sullubawa da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro. * "Banza ko Banza 7" a cewar wasu masana tarihi na zamani mutane ne waɗanda suka fito daga tsoffin kabilun da harsuna da suka ƙare a Hausaland, waɗanda ba a san tarihin su sosai ba. Sun hada da Ajawa, Gere, Bankal, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa :: Nigeria — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=www.cia.gov |archive-date=2021-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109223449/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Halitta == <gallery> Fayil:Hausa_royal_dressing_05.jpg|alt=A Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths (Babban riga and rawani)| Wani yaron Hausa sanye da kayan gargajiya (Babban riga da rawani) Fayil:Hausa_emirate_dress_code_01.jpg|alt=A teenage Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths| Wani matashi dan Hausa sanye da kayan gargajiya Fayil:Hausa_from_Yola-1902.jpg|alt=An adult Hausa man in Babban riga and Alasho| Baligi Bahaushe a [[Babbar riga|Babban riga]] da [[Alasho]] </gallery>  Dangane da binciken Y-DNA na Hassan et al. (2008), kusan kashi 40.7% na Hausa a [[Sudan]] suna ɗauke da ƙungiyar haplogroup ta Yammacin Eurasia R-M173 (R1) tare da maye gurbin P25. Sauran sun fito ne daga zuriyar iyaye daban-daban na Afirka: 15.6% B-M60 (B) , 15.6% E-M33 (E1a) , 12.5% A-M13 (A1b1b2b) da 12.5% E-M2 (E1b1a1) . Ɗaya daga cikin mutane 32 da aka gwada (3.1%) na E-M78 (E1b1b1a1) [bayanin kula 2]. Wani B da aka yi kwanan nan a kan Hausa na [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] (Northern Nigeria) ya nuna irin wannan sakamako: 47% [[E1b1b]]" id="mwAs0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="E1b1a">E1b1a, 5% E1b1, 21% sauran Haplogroup E (E-M33, E-M75...), 18% R-M173 (R1) da 9% B. <ref name="Cole-Showers">{{Cite journal |last=Cole-Showers |first=Curtis Lanre |year=2014 |title=Population structure and demographics in Nigerian populations utilizing Y-chromosome markers |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/76181634.pdf |journal=University of the Western Cape |volume= |issue= |pages=44}}</ref> Dangane da asalin gaba ɗaya, binciken DNA na autosomal na Tishkoff et al. (2009) ya sami Hausawa suna da alaƙa da mutanen Nilo-Sahara daga [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Sudan ta Kudu]]. Wannan yana nuna cewa Hausa da sauran mutanen da ke magana da harshen Chadic na zamani sun fara magana da yarukan Nilo-Sahara, kafin su karɓi harsuna daga dangin Afroasiatic bayan ƙaura zuwa wannan yankin dubban shekaru da suka gabata: <ref name="Tishkoff">{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=Floyd A. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144}}</ref><blockquote>Daga K = 5-13, duk mutanen da ke magana da Nilo-Sahara daga kudancin Sudan, da Chadi tare da mutanen da ke zaune a tsakiyar Afirka da Asiya (Hoto S15). Wadannan sakamakon sun dace da bayanan harshe da na archaeological, suna ba da shawarar yiwuwar kakanninmu na Nilo-Sahara daga asalin gabashin Sudanese a cikin shekaru 105,500 da suka gabata, tare da ƙaura ta biyu zuwa yamma zuwa Tafkin Chadi da kudu zuwa kudancin Sudan na zamani, da ƙaura na baya-bayan nan zuwa gabas zuwa Kenya da Tanzania ≈3,000 ya (yana ba da damar tashi ga masu magana da Kudancin Nilotic) da yamma zuwa Chadi ≈2,500 ya (yana haifar da masu magana da tsakiya na Sudan) (S62, S67, S54). Wani ƙaura da aka tsara na masu magana da harshen Afroasiatic na Cathar ≈7,000 ya daga tsakiyar Sahara zuwa cikin Tafkin Chadi na iya haifar da yawancin mutanen yammacin Nilo-Saharans su sauya zuwa yarukan Chadic (S99). Bayananmu sun nuna cewa wannan canjin bai kasance tare da adadi mai yawa na kwayar halitta ta Afroasiatic16 ba. Binciken mtDNA yana ba da shaida don bambancin ≈8,000 ya na bambancin mtDNA wanda ke cikin manyan mitar a cikin al'ummomin Chadic kuma yana ba da shawarar asalin Gabashin Afirka ga yawancin zuriyar mtDNA a cikin waɗannan al'ummomi (S100). <ref name="Tishkoff"/></blockquote>Wani binciken da aka yi daga shekarar 2019 wanda ya gano maza 218 da ba su da alaƙa da su daga kabilun [[Inyamurai|Ibo]], Hausa da [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] ta amfani da nazarin X-STR, ya gano cewa yayin nazarin alaƙar kwayar halitta, ba a gano bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci ba. Ya goyi bayan daidaito na kabilun Najeriya don alamun X-chromosome.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomes |first=C. |last2=Amorim |first2=A. |last3=Okolie |first3=V. O. |last4=Keshinro |first4=S. O. |last5=Starke |first5=A. |last6=Vullo |first6=C. |last7=Gusmão |first7=L |last8=Gomes |first8=I |date=2019-12-01 |title=Genetic insight into Nigerian population groups using an X-chromosome decaplex system |journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series |series=The 28th Congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=501–503 |doi=10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.067 |issn=1875-1768 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A cikin 2024, takarda ta sami daidaituwa a cikin Yoruba, Igbo da Hausa a Najeriya don X-Chromosomes (mtDNA). Koyaya, an sami bambance-bambance a cikin Hausa don Y-Chromosome, inda suke da ƙarin zuriyar uba da ke da alaƙa da masu magana da Afirka-Asia, yayin da Yoruba da Igbo suna da alaƙa ta uba da sauran kungiyoyin da ke magana da Nijar-Congo.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Nguidi |first=Masinda |last2=Gomes |first2=Verónica |last3=Vullo |first3=Carlos |last4=Rodrigues |first4=Pedro |last5=Rotondo |first5=Martina |last6=Longaray |first6=Micaela |last7=Catelli |first7=Laura |last8=Martínez |first8=Beatriz |last9=Campos |first9=Afonso |last10=Carvalho |first10=Elizeu |last11=Orovboni |first11=Victoria O. |last12=Keshinro |first12=Samuel O. |last13=Simão |first13=Filipa |last14=Gusmão |first14=Leonor |date=2024-07-08 |title=Impact of patrilocality on contrasting patterns of paternal and maternal heritage in Central-West Africa |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=15653 |bibcode=2024NatSR..1415653N |doi=10.1038/s41598-024-65428-z |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=11231350 |pmid=38977763}}</ref> Musamman, a cikin maza 135 na Yoruba da 134 na Igbo, an ga E-M2 a babban adadin 90%. Sabanin haka, maza 89 na Hausa suna da E-M2 a 43%, da kuma mitoci na R1b-V88 a 32%, A 9%, E1a 6%, B 5%, da kuma wani 5% da aka yi da wasu layin.<ref name=":2" /> == Al'adu == <gallery widths="250" heights="250"> Fayil:Gate_to_the_Gidan_Rumfa_(2009)_in_Kano,_Nigeria..jpg|alt=Gate of gidan rumfa| Kofar gidan rumfa Fayil:GIDAN_DAN_HAUSA.jpg| [[Gidan Makama|Kano Museum]] Fayil:Gobarau_Minaret_1.jpg|alt=The ancient Gobirau minaret in Katsina| tsohuwar Gobirau minaret [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] Fayil:ASC_Leiden_-_van_Achterberg_Collection_-_02_-_67_-_Une_maison_haoussa_à_la_décoration_géométrique_-_Agadez,_Niger_-_27_décembre_1996_-_11_janvier_1997.tif|alt=House built in 1959. Photo taken in Agadez, Niger (1997)| Gidan da aka gina a 1959. Hoton da aka ɗauka a [[Agadez]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] (1997) Fayil:ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Dis_4_-_137_-_The_decorated_entrance_gate_of_the_Palace_of_the_Emir_-_Zaria,_Kaduna_State,_North_Nigeria_-_15-20_January_1962.tif|alt=Gate to the palace of the Emir of Zaria (1962)| Kofar fadar [[Tarihin Zariya|Sarkin Zariya]] (1962) Fayil:Emir_Palace_Dutse.jpg|alt=Palace of the Emir of Dutse| Fadar Mai Martaba [[Masarautar Dutse|Sarkin Dutse]] </gallery>Ayyukan [[Al'ada|al'adu]] Hausa suna da ban sha'awa a [[Najeriya]] kuma sun tsayayya da gwajin lokaci saboda al'adu masu ƙarfi, girman kai na al'adu da kuma ingantaccen tsarin gwamnati na mulkin mallaka. Sakamakon haka, kuma duk da gasa mai karfi daga al'adun yammacin [[Turai]] kamar yadda takwarorinsu na kudancin Najeriya suka karɓa, sun ci gaba da wadataccen salon tufafi, abinci, harshe, [[Auren gargajiya a al'adun Hausawa|tsarin aure]], tsarin ilimi, gine-ginen gargajiya, wasanni, kiɗa da sauran nau'ikan nishaɗin gargajiya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2024}}{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2024}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Harshen Hausa]], memba ne na dangin harsuna na Afroasiatic, yana da masu magana da harshe na farko fiye da kowane harshe na Afirka. Yana da kusan masu magana da harshe na farko miliyan 50, kuma kusan masu magana na harshe na biyu miliyan 30. Babban yankin da ake magana da harshen Hausa shine arewacin [[Najeriya]] da kudancin [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]. Har ila yau, ana magana da Hausa a arewacin [[Ghana]], [[Kamaru]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], da [[Ivory Coast]] da kuma tsakanin [[Fulani]], [[Buzaye|Tuareg]], [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]], [[Harsunan Gur|Gur]], Shuwa Arab, da sauran kungiyoyin Afirka-Asia, Nijar-Congo, da Nilo-Sahara. Har ila yau, akwai manyan al'ummomin Hausa a kowane babban birni na Afirka a cikin unguwanni da ake kira ''zango'' ko ''zongo'', ma'ana " sansanin caravan" a cikin Hausa (yana nuna asalin Kasuwanci waɗannan al'ummomi).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-07 |title=Hausa eng5 |url=https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hausa-eng5/11899684 |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=SlideShare |language=en}}</ref> Yawancin masu magana da Hausa, ba tare da la'akari da kabilanci ba, [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] ne; Hausa sau da yawa yana aiki a matsayin harshen magana tsakanin [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] a yankunan da ba na Hausa ba. Akwai manyan wallafe-wallafen da aka buga a cikin Hausa, wanda ya haɗa da litattafai, shayari, wasan kwaikwayo, koyarwa a cikin aikin Islama, littattafai kan batutuwan ci gaba, jaridu, mujallu na labarai, da ayyukan ilimi na fasaha. Rediyo da watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin a cikin Hausa suna ko'ina a arewacin Najeriya da kudancin Nijar, kuma tashoshin rediyo a Kamaru suna da watsa shirye'shiryen Hausa na yau da kullun, kamar yadda masu watsa shirye-'shiryen kasa da kasa kamar BBC, [1] [2] [3] VOA, [4] [5] Deutsche Welle, Rediyon Moscow, Rediyon Beijing, RFI Faransa, IRIB Iran IRIB World Service, da sauransu [4] [5] [6] [7] [5] [6] [5] [6] [5] [5] [6] [5][8][9][10][11] Ana amfani da Hausa a matsayin harshen koyarwa a matakin firamare a makarantun arewacin Najeriya, kuma ana samun Hausa a matsayin karatun karatu a [[Jami'a|jami'o'in]] arewacin [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Bugu da kari, ana ba da digirin digirgir da yawa (Masters da PhD) a harshen Hausa a jami'o'i daban-daban na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da [[Jamus]] . Har ila yau, ana amfani da Hausa a shafukan sada zumunta daban-daban na duniya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An dauki Hausa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan harsuna na duniya, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a kasashe da yawa na Afirka. Kyakkyawan waƙoƙin Hausa, rubutu, da wallafe-wallafen kiɗa suna ƙaruwa a cikin bugawa da kuma a cikin sauti da rikodin bidiyo. Nazarin Hausa yana ba da bayani game da al'adun Afirka ta Musulunci. A duk faɗin Afirka, akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin Hausa da Islama.[1] Tasirin harshen Hausa a cikin harsunan da yawa daga cikin al'ummar Musulmin [[Afirka]] da ba Hausawa ba a bayyane yake. Haka nan, al’adun Hausawa da dama, da suka hada da irin su tufafi da abinci, sauran al’ummomin musulmi ne ke da su. Saboda babban matsayi da harshen Hausa da al’adun Hausawa suka daɗe suna riƙe da shi, nazarin Hausa ya ba da muhimmiyar fage ga sauran fannoni kamar tarihin Afirka, [[siyasa]] (musamman a Nijeriya da Nijar), nazarin jinsi, kasuwanci, da fasaha. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Addini === [[Fayil:مصحف_نيجيري_مطبوع_بالمطبعة_الحجرية_بخط_هاوساوي.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|270x270px|Rubutun lithographic daga Najeriya a farkon karni na 20 wanda ke nuna rubutu daga Surah na [[Al-An'am|An'am]], wanda aka buga a cikin Rubutun <nowiki><i id="mwA3M">Hausawi</i></nowiki>.]] Musulunci na Sunni na Maliki madhhab, shine mafi rinjaye kuma addinin da aka kafa a tarihi na mutanen Hausa. Musulunci ya kasance a cikin Hausaland tun daga farkon karni na 11 - wanda ya haifar da sanannun tsarkaka na Sufi da malamai kamar Wali Muhammad dan Masani (d.1667) da Wali Muhammad dan Marina (d. 1655) a Katsina - galibi tsakanin 'yan kasuwa masu nisa zuwa Arewacin Afirka waɗanda su ma suka yada shi ga talakawa yayin da masu mulki suka kasance arna ko kuma suka haɗu da ayyukansu na Islama da ayyukan arna. A karni na 14, 'yan kasuwa na Hausa sun riga sun yada addinin Musulunci a fadin babban yanki na yammacin Afirka kamar Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, da sauransu. Masanan Musulmai na farkon karni na 19 sun ƙi yarda da addinin haɗin gwiwa da ake yi a kotunan sarauta. Sha'awar sake fasalin ya ba da gudummawa ga kafa Khalifancin Sokoto . Kafa wannan jihar ta karfafa Islama a yankunan karkara. Mutanen Hausa sun kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga yaduwar Islama a Yammacin Afirka. A yau, [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sultan na Sokoto]] na yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin jagoran addini na gargajiya (Sarkin Musulmi) na Sunni Hausa-Fulani a Najeriya da kuma bayan. [[Maguzanci]], [[Addinai na gargajiya na Afirka|Addinin gargajiya na Afirka]], an yi shi sosai kafin Islama. A yankunan da suka fi nisa na Hausaland, mutane suna ci gaba da yin Maguzanci. Kusa da birane, ba a saba da shi ba, amma tare da abubuwa har yanzu suna cikin imanin mazaunan birane. Ayyuka sun haɗa da hadayar dabbobi don amfanin mutum, amma ba daidai ba ne a yi sihiri na Maguzanci don cutarwa. Mutanen da ke cikin birane suna riƙe da "bautar mallaka," da aka sani da [[Maguzanci|Bori]]. Ya ƙunshi abubuwan tsohuwar addinin [[Addinai na gargajiya na Afirka|Addinin gargajiya na Afirka]] da sihiri. [[Fayil:Kano_Mosque_in_1960.jpg|thumb|253x253px|[[Babban Masallacin Kano]] a cikin 1960. Yana daya daga cikin masallatai mafi tsufa a Najeriya kuma [[Muhammad Rumfa]], [[Jerin Sarakunan Kano|Sarkin Kano]] na 21 ne ya gina shi a karni na 15]] === Tufafi da kayan ado === <gallery> Fayil:Hausa_royal_dressing_05.jpg|alt=A Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths (Babban riga and rawani)| Wani yaron Hausa sanye da kayan gargajiya (Babban riga da rawani) Fayil:Hausa_emirate_dress_code_01.jpg|alt=A teenage Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths| Wani matashi dan Hausa sanye da kayan gargajiya Fayil:Hausa_from_Yola-1902.jpg|alt=An adult Hausa man in Babban riga and Alasho| Baligi Bahaushe a [[Babbar riga|Babban riga]] da [[Alasho]] </gallery> [[Fayil:Hausa_Royalty.jpg|thumb|Yaro a kan doki a cikin tufafin gargajiya na Hausa]] Hausawa sun shahara a tsawon zamanai na tsakiya wajen saƙa da rini, kayan auduga, takalman fata, makullai na ƙarfe, kayan dawakai da sana’ar fata da kuma fitar da irin waɗannan kayayyaki a duk faɗin yankin Afirka ta Yamma da kuma arewacin Afirka (Fatar Hausa ta yi kuskure a Turai ta tsakiyar Turai da fata ta Moroko ). Sau da yawa ana siffanta su da suturar launin shuɗi na Indigo da alamu wanda ya sa aka yi musu lakabin "bluemen". A al'adance sun hau kan kyawawan [[Raƙumi|raƙuma]] da dawakai na sahara . An dade ana amfani da fasahar rini a yankin Hausa na [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] tsawon shekaru aru-aru tare da fitattun ramukan rini na indigo da ke cikin [[Kano (birni)|birnin Kano]] da [[Najeriya|kewaye]] . Tufafin da aka rina sai an saka su cikin kayan gargajiya. An ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan fasahohin Afirka sun kasance abin sha'awa ga rinayen rini waɗanda aka gano da salon hippie . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Tufafin gargajiya na Hausa ya ƙunshi riguna da wando. Tufafin suna da manyan ramuka a bangarorin biyu don iska. Wutar tana da laushi a saman da tsakiya, amma tana da ƙarfi a kusa da kafafu. Takalma na fata da turbans suma suna da kyau. Ana iya gane maza da sauƙi saboda tufafinsu masu kyau: ''Babban riga'' da aka sani da Babban riga wanda aka fi sani da wasu sunaye daban-daban saboda daidaitawa da kabilun da ke kusa da Hausa (duba Babban Riga / Gandora). Wadannan manyan riguna masu gudana yawanci suna da zane-zane masu kyau a kusa da wuyan da yankin kirji. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup>   Sun kuma sanya wata irin riga mai suna ''tagguwa'' (dogo da gajere zamewa). Al’adar baka dangane da ''tagguwa'' ita ce zamanin da Hausawa ke amfani da ganye da fatar dabba wajen rufe al’aurarsu, wani mutum mai suna Guwa ya yanke shawarar yanke tsakiyar fatar dabbar ya sanya ta kamar riga maimakon ya rufe al’aurarsa kawai. Mutanen da ke kusa da Guwa sun yi sha'awar sabon salonsa kuma suka yanke shawarar yin kwafi. Sun kira ta 'Ta Guwa', ma'ana "kamar Guwa". Daga karshe ya samu ya zama ''Taguwa.''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Maza kuma suna sanya kwalliya kala-kala da aka fi sani da ''hulba.'' Dangane da wurin da suke aiki, za su iya sanya rawani a kusa da wannan don rufe fuska, wanda ake kira [[Alasho]] . Ana iya gane matan da nannade da ake kira ''zani,'' wanda aka yi da kyalle kala-kala da aka fi sani da ''atampa ko Ankara'', ( zuriyar da aka fara zayyana ne daga shahararrun dabarun Tie-dye da Hausawa suka yi shekaru aru-aru da su, suna da sunan Hausawa da sunan [[Accra]] babban birnin kasar Ghana a yanzu, kuma inda wata tsohuwar al’ummar kasuwancin Hausa ke rayuwa har yanzu). tare da rigar riga mai dacewa, daurin kai (kallabi) da shawl (Gyale). Kamar sauran Musulmai da musamman [[Sahel|Sahelians]] a cikin Yammacin Afirka, matan Hausa suna amfani da zane-zanen [[Lalle|Henna]] (lalle) da aka fentin a hannu maimakon ƙusa-polish. Hadisin da aka raba tare da sauran masu magana da Afirka-Asia kamar [[Abzinawa|Berbers]], Habesha, (tsoffin) [[Misirawa|Masarawa]] da [[Larabawa]], duka maza da mata na Hausa suna amfani da kohl ('kwalli') a kusa da idanu a matsayin inuwa ta ido, tare da yankin da ke ƙasa da ido yana karɓar layi mai kauri fiye da na saman. Har ila yau, kamar matan Berber, Bedouin, [[Zabarmawa|Zarma]] da [[Fulani]], matan Hausa suna amfani da kohl don jaddada daidaitattun fuska. Ana yin wannan yawanci ta hanyar zana layin tsaye daga ƙasa da lebe zuwa gemu. Sauran kayayyaki na iya haɗawa da layi tare da gadar hanci, ko ƙananan ƙananan ƙuƙwalwa a kan kumatu. '''Tufafin zamani na yau da kullum a cikin matan Hausawa'''<gallery widths="250" heights="250"> Fayil:Gate_to_the_Gidan_Rumfa_(2009)_in_Kano,_Nigeria..jpg|alt=Gate of gidan rumfa| Kofar gidan rumfa Fayil:GIDAN_DAN_HAUSA.jpg| [[Gidan Makama|Kano Museum]] Fayil:Gobarau_Minaret_1.jpg|alt=The ancient Gobirau minaret in Katsina| tsohuwar Gobirau minaret [[Katsina (birni)|Katsina]] Fayil:ASC_Leiden_-_van_Achterberg_Collection_-_02_-_67_-_Une_maison_haoussa_à_la_décoration_géométrique_-_Agadez,_Niger_-_27_décembre_1996_-_11_janvier_1997.tif|alt=House built in 1959. Photo taken in Agadez, Niger (1997)| Gidan da aka gina a 1959. Hoton da aka ɗauka a [[Agadez]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] (1997) Fayil:ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Dis_4_-_137_-_The_decorated_entrance_gate_of_the_Palace_of_the_Emir_-_Zaria,_Kaduna_State,_North_Nigeria_-_15-20_January_1962.tif|alt=Gate to the palace of the Emir of Zaria (1962)| Kofar fadar [[Tarihin Zariya|Sarkin Zariya]] (1962) Fayil:Emir_Palace_Dutse.jpg|alt=Palace of the Emir of Dutse| Fadar Mai Martaba [[Masarautar Dutse|Sarkin Dutse]] </gallery>'''Tufafin gargajiya na yau da kullun a cikin maza na Hausa'''<gallery> Fayil:The_First_Lady_of_Nigeria_Her_Excellency_Aisha_Buhari.jpg|Aisha Buhari wearing Hausa clothes and [[hijab]], which consists of the kallabi matching the dress cloth design, and gyale draped over the shoulder or front Fayil:Turai_Yar'Adua.jpg|Turai Yar'adua wearing atampa and dan kwali, note the henna designs on the fingertips instead of nail polish Fayil:Hafsat_Ahmad_Idris.jpg|Kannywood actress wearing gyale in Hausa style, along with henna applied on fingers Fayil:Maryam_Booth.jpg|[[Maryam Booth]], [[Kannywood]] actress </gallery> === Gine-gine ===   Gine-ginen ƙasar Hausa ƙila yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta da aka sani a zamanin da. Yawancin [[Masallaci|masallatai]] da fadojinsu na farko suna da haske da launuka, ciki har da zane-zane masu ban sha'awa ko ƙayyadaddun alamomi da aka tsara su a cikin facade <ref name="ateliermasomi.com">{{Cite web |title=Building Facades in Hausa Architecture |url=http://www.ateliermasomi.com/blog/187 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720075646/http://www.ateliermasomi.com/blog/187 |archive-date=2019-07-20 |access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref> Wannan salon gine-ginen ana kiransa ''[[Gine-Ginen Hausawa|Tubali]]'', wanda ke nufin ''gine-gine'' <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">harshen</span></nowiki>''</sup> Hausa. An gina katangar birnin Kano na da da dadewa da nufin samar da tsaro ga al'ummar da ke karuwa. Sarki Gijimasu ne ya aza harsashin ginin katangar daga shekarar 1095 zuwa 1134 kuma an kammala shi a tsakiyar karni na 14. A cikin karni na 16, an kara fadada ganuwar zuwa matsayin da suke a yanzu. Ƙofofin sun tsufa kamar ganuwar kuma ana amfani da su wajen sarrafa motsin mutane a ciki da wajen birnin. <ref name="ReferenceA"/> Gine-ginen Hausawa na da amfani da busasshen bulo na laka a cikin gine-ginen kubik, gine-gine masu hawa da yawa ga jama'a, da yin amfani da fakitin da ke da alaka da ginin sojojinsu na baya, da farar stucco na gargajiya da filasta a gaban gida. A wasu lokuta ana iya ƙawata facades da zane-zanen taimako daban-daban, wani lokaci ana fentin su da launuka masu haske don isar da bayanai game da mazaunin. <ref name="ateliermasomi.com" />   === Wasanni === The Hausa culture is rich in traditional sporting events such as boxing ([[Dambe]]), stick fight (Takkai), wrestling (Kokowa) etc. that were originally organized to celebrate harvests but over the generations developed into sporting events for entertainment purposes.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2021}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Dambe ==== [[Dambe]] wani nau'i ne na fasaha na gargajiya wanda ke da alaƙa da mutanen Hausa na Yammacin Afirka. Asalinsa yana cike da asiri. Edward Powe, mai bincike kan al'adun wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ya fahimci kamanceceniya mai ban sha'awa a cikin matsayi da kuma hannayen hannu guda ɗaya na 'yan dambe na Hausa zuwa hotuna na' yan dambe na Masar na dā daga daular 12 da 13.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Iyorah |first=Festus |title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/6/18/dambe-how-an-ancient-form-of-nigerian-boxing-swept-the-internet |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Asalinsa ya fara ne a tsakanin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin mahautan Hausawa, daga baya kuma ya bunƙasa ya zama wata hanya ta koyon aikin soja, sannan ta shiga harkokin wasanni ta hanyar zuriyar Arewacin Nijeriya. Ana fafatawa a zagaye uku ko kasa da haka wadanda ba su da iyaka. Zagaye yana ƙare idan an fitar da abokin hamayya, gwiwa, jiki ko hannun mayaki ya taɓa ƙasa, rashin aiki ko kuma ya dakatar da wani jami'i. <ref name=":0"/> Babban makamin Dambe shine "maki", hannun da aka lulluɓe daga wuyan hannu zuwa gaban hannu a cikin manyan sutura na bandage na auduga wanda aka riƙe a wurin ta hanyar igiya da aka tsoma cikin gishiri kuma an ba da izinin bushewa don mafi girman lalacewar jiki a kan abokan adawar, yayin da ɗayan hannu, wanda aka riƙe shi a buɗe, ya zama "garkuwa" don kare kan mayaƙan daga bugawa na abokin adawar su ko kuma an yi amfani da shi don kama abokin adawar. Masu gwagwarmaya yawanci suna ƙare tare da rabuwa da fuska, karyewar jaw da hanci ko ma ci gaba da lalacewar kwakwalwa. Masu gwagwarmayar Dambe na iya karɓar kuɗi, shanu, kayan gona ko kayan ado a matsayin nasara amma gabaɗaya ana yaƙi da shi don shahara daga wakilcin garuruwa da dangin yaƙi.<ref name=":0"/> [[Fayil:Dembe_game.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Kwallon [[Dambe]] na gargajiya na Hausa da ake kira Dambe]] [[Fayil:Kyinkyinga_(8640795804).jpg|thumb|[[Kyinkyinga]] (suya), sanannen kebab mai laushi, wanda mai sayar da titin Hausa na Ghana ya shirya a Ghana]] [[Fayil:"Kilishi".JPG|right|thumb|[[Kilishi]], abincin Hausa mai kama da jerky]] Abinci na yau da kullun da mutanen Hausa ke shirya ya ƙunshi [[Siril|hatsi]], kamar [[Dawa|sorghum]], [[Gero|millet]], [[shinkafa]], ko [[masara]], waɗanda aka niƙa a cikin gari don nau'ikan jita-jita daban-daban. Wannan abincin an fi sani da shi a matsayin "buwo" a cikin harshen Hausa. Yawancin lokaci, karin kumallo ya ƙunshi kek da dumplings da aka yi daga wake da aka dafa, wanda aka sani da ''kosai''; ko kuma an yi shi daga garin alkama da aka tsoma na rana ɗaya, an dafa shi kuma an ba da shi tare da [[sukari]] ko chili, wanda aka fi sani da ''[[Fankasau|funkaso]]''. Dukkanin wadannan kekuna za a iya ba da su tare da shinkafa da sukari da aka sani da ''Kunnu'' ko ''koko''. Abincin rana ko abincin dare yawanci suna nuna babban burodi tare da miya da stew da aka sani da "buwo da miya". Sau da yawa ana shirya miya da stew tare da ƙasa ko [[Tumatir]], [[albasa]], da kayan yaji na gida. Ana ƙara kayan yaji da sauran kayan lambu, kamar spinach, pumpkin, ko [[Kuɓewa|okra]], a cikin miya yayin shirye-shirye. Ana shirya stew tare da nama, wanda zai iya haɗawa da naman awaki ko naman sa, amma ba naman alade ba, saboda ƙuntataccen abinci na Islama. Ana kuma ba da wake, peanuts, da [[madara]] a matsayin abinci mai gina jiki ga mutanen Hausa. Mafi shahararren abincin [[Suya|nasa]] mai yiwuwa shi ne suya, wanda aka fi sani da tsire, abincin nama mai laushi da nama mai launi wanda shine sanannen abinci a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya kuma ana jin daɗinsa azaman kayan abinci a yawancin [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] kuma ya zama sanannen fasalin abincin Najeriya a cikin diaspora. Wani busassun Suya ana kiransa [[Kilishi]] . === Littattafai === An rubuta harshen Hausa da rubutun Larabci da aka gyara, wanda aka fi sani da Ajami, tun kafin mulkin mallaka. Rubutun farko na Hausa Ajami tare da ingantaccen kwanan wata shine Ruwayar Annabi Musa na masanin Kano Abdullahi Suka, wanda ya rayu a cikin 1600s. Ana iya ganin wannan rubutun a cikin tarin gidan kayan tarihi na Jos. Sauran mashahuran malamai da waliyan darikar Sufaye daga Katsina da [[Dan Marina|Danmarina]] da [[Dan Masanih|Danmasani]] sun yi wakokin Ajami da Larabci tun a farkon shekarun 1600. Sannu a hankali, an sami ƙaruwar rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubucen Hausa na Ajami, waɗanda suka ƙaru a cikin ƙarni na sha takwas da sha tara har zuwa ƙarni na ashirin. Yayin da karni na goma sha tara ya kara samun kwarin guiwa a dalilin canjin Musulunci na [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]], shi kansa marubuci ne wanda ya kwadaitar da karatun boko da karatu, ga maza da mata, sakamakon haka da yawa daga cikin ‘ya’yansa mata suka fito a matsayin malamai da marubuta. [https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/usman-dan-fodio-a-great-reformer/] Buga littafin Ajami a yau ya zarce da wallafe-wallafen Hausa, ko boko. Wani yunkuri na wallafe-wallafen zamani wanda marubuta mata na Hausa suka jagoranta ya karu tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1980 lokacin da marubucin [[Balaraba Ramat Yakubu]] ya zama sananne. A cikin lokaci, marubutan sun haifar da wani nau'i na musamman da aka sani da wallafe-wallafen kasuwar Kano - saboda ana yawan buga littattafan da kansu kuma ana sayar da su a kasuwannin Najeriya. Yanayin rushewar waɗannan litattafan, waɗanda galibi wasan kwaikwayo ne na soyayya da na iyali waɗanda ba haka ba suna da wuyar samun su a cikin al'adar Hausa da salon rayuwa, sun sa su shahara, musamman tsakanin masu karatu mata. Ana kuma kiran nau'in littattafan soyayya, ko "littattafan soyayya". === Alamar Hausa === An gabatar da "Flag na kabilanci na Hausa" a cikin 1966 (bisa ga rahotanni na kan layi na shekara ta 2001). Yana nuna layi biyar a kwance - daga sama zuwa kasa a ja, rawaya, indigo blue, kore, da khaki beige. Wani tsoho kuma al'ada da aka kafa alama ta asalin Hausa, 'Dagin Arewa' ko maɓallin Arewa, a cikin siffar tauraro, ana amfani dashi a cikin gine-ginen tarihi, zane da zane. == Tarihin Hausawa cikakken bayani == Hausawa ɗaya ce daga cikin manya manyan al'ummomin Afrika, muammman a yankin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya, Arewa ta tsakiya, Niger, kamaru, Chadi da Ghana. Tarhin su ya samo asali tun ƙarni aru-aru, kafin zuwan turawa ko Musulunci. Hausawa sun shahara a: === .Kasuwanci === === .Noma === === .Aikin ƙarfe === === .Fatauci ta sahara === === .Harshe da adabi === === .Tsarin birane da masarautu === == 1. Asalin Hausawa == Akwai ra'ayoyi biyu da suka fi shahara game da asalin su: == a. Asalin Bayajidda == wannan shine tatsuniyar gargajiya da ta fi shahara a cikin kowane gida da masarautar hausa: == Taƙaitaccen labarin Bayajiddda: == ===== .Bayajiddda ya fito daga Bagadaza ko wani yanki na gabas ===== ===== .Ya zo Daura, inda ya kashe macijiya wadda ta hana mutane samun ruwa<ref name=":3" /> ===== ===== .A matsayin lada, sarauniyar Daura ta aure shi ===== ===== .Daga aurensu aka haifi "Bawo" wanda ya gina birane bakwai ( Hausa Bakwai ). ===== === Ko da yake labari ne na gargajiya, yana bada hoton yadda jama'a suka taso a matsayin al'umma ɗaya. === == b. Asalin ƙabilr Afirka == masana tarihi suna ganin: . Hausawa sun samo asali daga *wayewar sahel* . Sun taso daga haɗuwar tsofaffin ƙabilu masu noma, kiwo da sanao'i <ref group="Iyakar bincike na kenan">binciken masana </ref> . Sun samar da birane tun ƙarni na 7 zuwa 9. === Wannan ra'ayi yana dogara da: === . Kayan tarihi, . Tsarin rayuwa, . Da harshen su wanda ke cikin rukunin Chadic languages. == 2. Ginin Biranen Hausa ( Hausa bakwai) == Hausa bakwai sune mafiya muhimmanci a tarihin Hausawa: # Daura # Kano # Katsina # Zazzau (zaria) # Gobir # Rano # Biram === wadannan sune suka kafa ginshiƙan siyasa, tattalin arziki, da al'adu na Hausawa. === == Akwai kuma: Banza Bakwai == . Zamfara . Kebbi . Gwari . Yauri . Kwararafa . Nupe . Ilorin === Suma sun shahara, amma ba a ɗauke su "tsofaffin Hausawa" ba tun asali. === == 3. Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci == === Hausawa sun yi fice a: === . Kasuwanci ta sahara . Sana'ar gungume da ƙira . Sana'ar ɗinki, zane, da tufafi . Noma (hatsi, gero, dawa, wake) . Kiwo . Kasuwancin fata da auduga === Shahararrun kasuwanni: === . Kano: cibiyar zane, ƙarfe, da fata . Katsina: cibiyar ilimi da kasuwanci . Daura: cibiyar tarihi . Zazzau: kasuwar bayi da kayan gona ===== Hausawa sun yi kaura zuwa kasashen Afirka saboda kasuwanci, wanda yasa ake samun Hausawa a: ===== . Nijar . Kamaru . Ghana . Sudan . Saudiyya == 4. Shigowar Musulunci (ƙarni na 11-15) == Musulunci ya shigo Hausawa ne ta hanyar: . 'Yan kasuwa daga sahara . Malamai daga Mali da Songhai . rubuce-rubuce na Larabci === Tarihin Musulunci: === . Karatun allo da makarantu . Haƙƙoƙin aure da mu'amala . Shari'ar Musulunci . Gyaran masarauta . Rubutun Ajami (Hausa da haruffa na larabci) ===== Daga baya masarautu suke zama cibiyar ilimi kamar: ===== . Katsina (masarautar ilimi) . Kano (taron malamai da masu zane) == 5. Daular Hausa kafin jihadi == kafin jihadi, masarautun Hausa sun kasance mai ƙarfi: . Ƙarfafan haraji . Cinikayya . Yawan jama'a . Rundunar sojoji . Tituna da kasuwanni === Amma kuma akwai: === . Rasun adalci daga wasu sarakai . Yawaitar cinikin bayi . Faɗace-faɗace tsakanin masarautu ===== Wannan ne ya baiwa jihadi damar samun goyon baya ===== == 6. Jihadin Usman Ɗanfodiyo(1804-1808) == ==== Dalilin jihadi: ==== . Buƙatar gyaran addini . Rashin adalci daga sarakunan Hausa . Cin hanci da zalunci . Rarrabuwar kai ====== Usman Ɗanfodiyo babban malami ne daga Gobir. ====== === Sakamakon jihadi: === . Faɗuwar masarautu da dama . Kafa Daular Sokoto . Ayyukan ilimi sun ƙaru . Shari'ar Musulunci ta bunƙasa === Daular Sokoto ita ce: === . Daular Musulunci mafi girma a yammacin Afirka . Ta kunshi kano, Katsina, Zazzau, Sokoto, Bauchi, Adamawa da sauransu == 7. Zuwan Turawa da Mulkin Mallaka (1903-1960) == Bayan shekaru, Turawan Birtaniya sun karya Daular Sokoto a 1903. === Abubuwan da Birtaniya ta canza: === . Sarakunan suna mulki amma suna biyayya ga Turawa (Indirect Rule) . Haraji . Sabon tsarin karatu (boko) . Tituna da kasashe === Birtaniya ta rage ƙarfin sarakuna, amma ta bar su su ci gaba da kula da al'umma === == 8. Bayan Mulkin Mallaka zuwa Zamani == Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960: . Hausawa sun taka rawa a siyasa, gwamnati, kasuwanci ,da addini. <ref name=":4" /> . Arewa ta samar da shugabannin da dama kamar: . Ahmadu Bello . Tafawa Balewa . Murtal Mohammed . Muhammadu Buhari . Umaru musa Yar'adua . Sauran manyan jagorori === Hausawa a yau: === . Su ne daya daga cikin ƙabilu mafiya yawan jama'a a Afirka <ref group="Tarihi Nigeria">bayan zuwan turawa aka fara siyasa da gwamnati</ref> === . Hausawa suna da: === . Fina-finai (Kannywood) . Waƙoƙi (shata, Naziru, Hamisu breaker) . Sanao'i . Kasuwanci a Afirka da Larabawa . Harshen Hausa yana daga cikin fitattun harsunan Afirka bayan Arabic, swahili, da Amharci <ref group="Ana yin ta a ƙasashe da dama">Hausa ta shiga cikin manya manyan harsuna a Afirka </ref> . Ana amfani da shi a gidajen Rediyo da talabijin har ma a ƙasashen waje<ref group="Ya zama ruwan dare">Ana amfani da Hausa a gidajen Rediyo da talabijin </ref> == 9. Muhimmancin Hausawa ga duniya == === Hausawa sun taka rawa a: === . Tarhin Musulunci . Cinikayyar sahara . Adabi da kiɗa . Tsarin birane . Faɗakarwar addini . Kasuwanci a Afirka . zani na yau (film, social media, kiɗa) . Ilimin fasaha == 10. A taƙaice == === Tarihin hausa ya ginu ne akan: === . Tsohuwar wayewa . Gine-ginen birane . Musulunci . Ilimi . Kasuwanci . Jihadi da mulkin daula . Mulkin Mallaka . Taka rawa a siyasar Najeriya da Afirka == Dubi kuma == * [[Harshen Hausa]] * [[Hausa Bakwai|Masarautun Hausa]] * [[Gine-Ginen Hausawa|Gine-gine na Hausa]] * ''[[Hausa Folk-lore|Labarin gargajiya na Hausa]]'' * [[Jerin Hausawa|Jerin mutanen Hausa]] * [[Hausa music|Waƙoƙin Hausa]] * [[Ranar Hausa]] [[Rukuni:Hausawa]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> 7581zsxqag8ohuo99gns628d6tpv9qm 0 5804 888462 856027 2026-07-28T11:49:24Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Tomb of Nakht (2).jpg|thumb|right|]] [[File:Chapeltoun Mains Farm, East Ayrshire, Scotland. View from Bankend Farm.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Unload wheat by the combine Claas Lexion 584.jpg|thumb|noma Babar Sana,a ce]] Noma [[Hausawa]] na masa kirari "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki kowa ya taho kai ya taras, noma tushen [[arziki]]. *Menene Noma? [[File:TRADITIONAL FARMING.jpg|thumb|yadda ake huɗa kenan a lokacin noma]] [[File:Wheat farming in Nepal.jpg|thumb|Nuoman shinkafa]] '''Noma''' yana da kuma ma'anoni da dama kasancewar irin a Haka zalika, noma wata babbar hanya ce ta samun ƙaruwar [[tattalin arziki]] da al'ummai suka raja'a a kan ta.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/98433369/ZAMANI_ZO_MU_TAFI_ALADUN_HAUSAWA_A_DUNIYAR_INTANET</ref> A [[kasar Hausa]] ko kuwa, noma shi ne babbar hanya ta samun haɓakar [[tattalin arziki]]. Da noma ne [[Hausawa]] suka fi samun kuɗin shiga da [[abinci]] da ma kayayyakin da ake sarrafawa a [[masana'anta]] kamar [[tufafi]] da sauransu.<ref>https://muktarishehu.wordpress.com/2018/12/12/359/</ref> A wajen [[Hausawa]] musamman mazauna [[karkara]] noma ya zama tamkar wajibi (dole) a wajen Kuma kowanne Bahaushe, musamman ma magidanci.<ref>https://nounupdate.com/summaries/HAU117_summary.txt</ref> Kusan mu ce ma kowanne Bahaushe ya iya noma, ya kuma san yadda ake yin shi. Noma da Kiwo duk suna nufin abu daya ne a ma'anar da ilimin zamani ya samar.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/109636656/Kasuwanci_a_Duniyar_Intanet_%C6%98alubalen_Hausawan_%C6%98arni_na_21</ref> ==YADDA AKE NOMA.== [[Fayil:Tractors in Potato Field.jpg|thumb|yanda 'ake huɗa]] Kafin bayani game da yadda ake noma za mu dan tattauna ne a game da rabe-raben noma. Noma ya rabu zuwa gida biyu, kuma kowanne da irin yadda ake yin sa. *noman rani *noman damina. ==NOMAN RANI.== [[File:Crawfish Farming - Acadia Parish Louisiana 2020.jpg|thumb|Norman rani a lokacin da ruwan sama ya kare]] Noman rani, noma ne da ake yin shi a lokacin rani ba da damina ba. *ga yarda ake noman rani. Shi noman rani ana yin sa ne a wuraren da ruwa yake wadatacce kamar [[rafi]] , [[korama]] , da madatsun ruwa wato (dam). Da zarar ruwan sama ya ɗauke wato kaka ta yi, manoman rani za su fara ne da share gonakinsu, daga nan kuma sai su yi kaftu, su ja kwamame, sai su shuka abin da za su shuka a cikin kwamame. Suna yin amfani da injinan ban ruwa wajen bai wa shukokinsu ruwa, har su girma, su isa girbi. Akasarin abubuwan da ake nomawa a noman rani ana shuka su ne saboda sayarwa domin samun kudin shiga. Ga irin abubuwan da ake nomawa da rani. *[[kubewa]]. *[[albasa]]. *[[yalo]]. *[[tumatur]]. *[[Karas]]. *[[tattasai]]. *[[Rogo]][[File:Maize plantation.jpg|thumb|Shukar masara kenan data fara girma]][[masara]]. *[[File:Carrots - Daucus carota subsp. sativus.jpg|thumb|karas kenan]][[karas]]. *[[dankali]]. *[[salak]]. *[[lansir]]. *[[File:Spinach salad.jpg|thumb|alaiyahu]][[Wake]] *[[alaiyahu]]. *[[rake]]. *[[Waken suya]] *[[Dawa]] * * da dai sauran su. To, amma kuma ya danganta da yanayi na yadda kasa za ta iya ɗaukar abinda aka shuka a kan ta. Misali idan aka shuka wani abun a wani yankin ba lallai ya yi ba kamar yadda zai yi a wani yankin. ==NOMAN DAMINA.== Sabanin noman rani, shi noman damina ana yin sa ne a lokacin damina. *ga yadda ake yin noman damina. Da zarar an samu ruwan sama wato (damina ta fadi), manoma za su bazama gonakinsu domin yin huda da shuka. Akasari an fi shuka kayan abinci a wajen noman damina, to, amma akan shuka kayan sayarwa jefi-jefi. ==ABUBUWAN DA AKE NOMAWA DA DAMINA.== Na abinci akwai. *[[gero]] *[[File:Maize-teosinte.jpg|thumb|Masara idan ta girma ]][[File:Roasted maize in husks.jpg|thumb|Masara kenan gasassa bayan an noma ta]][[masara]] *[[dawa]] *[[shinkafa]] *[[maiwa]] da sauran su. Na sayarwa *[[File:2059513 data foodanddrink efd LGMA 0152.jpg|thumb|dankalin turawa]][[dankali]] *[[wake]] *[[gyada]] *[[auduga]] *[[ridi]] da sauran su. ==Manazarta.== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fasaha]] 3pza9vjv9w5x172q82tlng7a1ren5ld 0 5993 888445 866513 2026-07-28T10:46:24Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:GDJSS Daura, Katsina state, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Ƴan makaranta a GDSS Daura]] [[File:Kofar Sarki Musa.jpg|thumb|Ƙofar sarki Musa]] [[File:Bayajidda Primary School Daura.jpg|thumb|Bayajidda primary school Daura]][[File:Mai Daura 1.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Mosque in Daura GRA.jpg|thumb|Masallacin GRA Daura]] [[File:Daura Modern Market.jpg|thumb|Babbar kasuwar Daura]] [[Fayil:Daura.jpg|thumb|Daura wata ƙaramar hukumace a jahar Katsina]] [[File:Daura Court.jpg|thumb|Daura_Court]] '''Daura''' wata ƙaramar hukuma ce wacce take a cikin [[jihar Katsina]], a Arewacin Najeriya. Masarautar Daura ta hada da wasu ƙananan hukumomi da suke kewaye da ita waɗanda suka haɗa da Daura, Baure, Zango, Sandamu, D<ref>Bature, Abdullahi; Russel G. Schuh. "Gani Ya Kori Ji" (PDF). Hausar Baka. World of Languages. Retrieved 20 January 2007.</ref><ref>"Katsina State". NGEX, LLC. Retrieved 20 January 2007.</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Daura ya fara ne daga lokacin da wasu mutane daga gaɗaya rira wanda take garin Katsina a yanzuɗanda shin jaɗa gorin wani Namangi, ya kasance mutum ne mai daraja wanda ya taba shan kaye a wajen takarar sarautar daura. Ya kuma yanke shawara ya koma da zama a wani karamin gari kusa da karaye, wanda ake kira kardozama.<ref name=":0">G. Karaye, Ibrahim, J. Philip, Shae. History of karaye. p.p 168-169 ISBN 978-125-341</ref><ref>Dierk Lange. "Oral version of the Bayajidda legend" (PDF). Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa. Retrieved 21 December 2006.</ref> Ya kasance yana zuwa bakin wani kogi a cikin garin inda ya gano cewa lallai wajen zai yi dadin zama.Ya samu fili a wajen kuma ya gina gida. Zai huta a gidan na wasu lokuta Sannan ya wuce karaye. A haka ne har aka far kiran wajen da suna daurawa. Wannan shi ne asalin tarihin garin Daura.<ref name=":0" /> Garin baida katanga da ta zagaye shi, saboda tayi kusa da karaye sosai, kuma duk lokacin da za a kuma buga tambarin sarauta, mutanen cikin garin daura zasu garzayo cikin karaye saboda su samu tsaro. <ref name=":0" /><ref>"Katsina State". Nigeria Direct. Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation. Archived from the original on 13 December 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2007.</ref><ref>"Traditional States of Nigeria". World Statesmen. Retrieved 15 September 2010.</ref> == Masarauta == Babban labarin: Masarautar Daura Gidan sarautar Daura 'Kangiwa' wani katon katafaren gini ne dake tsakiyar tsakiyar birnin. Alama ce ta al'adu, tarihi da al'adun 'Daurawa'. Ana kiran Masarautar Daura a matsayin daya daga cikin "jahohin Hausa bakwai na gaskiya" (Hausa Bakwai)<ref>"Only Daura qualifies to give Hausa titles". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 21 November 2018</ref> Rijiyar Daura ta zama yawon bude ido a kasar Hausa A shekarar 1805 lokacin yakin Fulani, jarumin Fulani Malam Ishaku ya karbe Daura, wanda ya kafa masarautu. Hausawa sun kafa jahohi masu gaba da juna a kusa, kuma sarkin daya Malam Musa ya zama sarkin Daura a shekarar 1904.[1] , Sarkin Daura har yanzu yana mulki a matsayin sarki na gado, kuma yana kula da fada<ref>"INEC registers 1.8m voters in Katsina". The Tide. Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 9 January 2007. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2007.</ref>. Umar Faruk Umar ya zama Sarkin Daura na 60 a ranar 28 ga Fabrairun 2007 bayan rasuwar Sarki Muhammadu Bashar Dan Umaru.[7] == Kauyuka == Ta hada iyaka da magajin gari da taurawa kafin ginin challawa gorge Dam, kauyen yola, kauyen ma, da kuma magajin hajj ta kudu, yamma, gabas da kuma arewa. Ƙauyen Daura ya gunshi Gundumomi guda shida: 1-    Daura Cikin Gari 2-    Daura Mai Ruwa 3-    Gatarawa 4-    Alfawa 5-    Kwari 6- Daura Saƙo<ref name=":0" /> '''Garin yana cikin jihar Katsina ne a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya, kuma ya yi iyaka da Jamahuriyar Nijar ta wajen Damagaram daga arewa.''' Sannan ya yi iyaka da jihar Jigawa ta Kazaure daga kudu. Daura gari ne mai tsohon tarihi a kasar Hausa, kuma yawancin mazauna garin manoma ne. Masana suna ganin Daura ita ce asalin sarautar kasar Hausa. Birnin Daura nan ne mahaifar Shugaban Najeriya Muhammadu Buhari, kuma a can ne ya yi mafi yawan rayuwarsa. * Buhari ya ce abu ne mai wahala ya fadi zaben 2019 * Saura kwana 30: Abin da ba ku sani ba kan Buhari #BBCNigeria2019 * Me mutanen Daura ke fadi kan mulkin shugaba Muhammadu Buhari? A wannan makala, BBC ta yi duba kan manyan abubuwa biyar da Daura ta shahara da su, wadanda suka sa ta yi fice aka kuma san ta, ba a Najeriya kadai ba har da ma wasu sassan duniya baki daya.<ref>"Long term weather forecast for Daura". Yr. 24 August 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024</ref> == Kididdigar yawan jama'a da yanki == An kiyasta yawan mutanen Daura zuwa 25,151 a shekarar 1972.[1] A cewar kungiyar MARA/ARMA, cutar zazzabin cizon sauro tana shafar Daura tsawon watanni hudu zuwa shida a shekara, kuma tana “lalata da yanayi.”<ref>"Nigeria: Duration of the Malaria Transmission Season" (PDF). mara.org.za. MARA/ARMA (Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa / Atlas du Risque de la Malaria en Afrique). July 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 24 January 2007.</ref> A shekarar 2005, bayan barkewar cutar kyanda a jihar Katsina, Daura ya zama daya daga cikin cibiyoyin horar da ma’aikata guda biyar da za su gudanar da rigakafin.<ref>"Measles kills 500 children in Katsina". The Tide. Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 25 October 2005. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2007</ref> A kan tambarin abin hawa, an taƙaita Daura da DRA.<ref>"NGR – Nigeria – Where's That Vehicle Come From?". Where's That Vehicle Come From?. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2007</ref> == Yanayi == Lokacin rani na da zafi sosai kuma wani bangare na gajimare a Daura, yayin da damina na da matukar zafi kuma gaba daya gajimare. Yanayin zafin jiki da wuya ya faɗi ƙasa da 11 °C (52 °F) ko ya haura sama da 42 °C (108 °F) a duk shekara, galibi daga 14 °C (57 °F) zuwa 39 °C (103 °F). Lokacin zafi yana ɗaukar watanni 2.3, daga 10 Maris zuwa 19 ga Mayu, tare da matsakaicin yawan zafin rana sama da 37 ° C (99 °F). Watan da ya fi zafi a wannan shekara a Daura shi ne watan Afrilu, wanda ke da matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na 39 ° C (103 ° F) da rashin zafin jiki na 24 ° C (75 ° F).<ref>"Simulated historical climate & weather data for Daura". meteoblue. Retrieved 10 July 2023</ref> Lokacin sanyi na watanni 2.4, wanda ke gudana daga 17 ga Yuli zuwa 29 ga Satumba, yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin rana na ƙasa da 31 ° C (88 ° F). Watan Daura ya fi yin sanyi a cikin shekara a watan Janairu, inda ya kai 14 ° C (58 ° F) da kuma sama da 32 ° C (90 ° F).<ref>"Simulated historical climate & weather data for Daura". meteoblue. Retrieved 10 July 2023</ref><ref>"Daura Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 10 July 2023.</ref> Gajimare A tsawon shekara, matsakaicin kaso na Daura na sararin samaniyar da ke lullube da gajimare ya bambanta sosai bisa kaka. A Daura kuwa, an fara fitowa fili ne daga ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba, sannan ya kai watanni 3.9, ya kare kusan 5 ga watan Maris, yayin da kashi 60% na sararin sama yake a fili, galibi a sarari, ko kuma wani bangare na gajimare, watan Janairu ne mafi bayyanan watan na shekara a Daura. Ranar 5 ga Maris ita ce lokacin da aka fara giragizai na shekara, kuma yana da watanni 8.1, yana ƙarewa a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. A Daura, watan Mayu shine watanni mafi girma a cikin shekara tare da matsakaicin kashi 69% na sararin samaniya yana da duhu ko kuma ya cika.<ref>"Nigeria election: Muhammadu Buhari wins presidency". BBC News. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2021</ref> == Bibilyo == * G. Karaye, Ibrahim, J. Philip, Shae. History of karaye. [[ISBN]] 978-125-341 == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Daura}} [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Garuruwan Hausawa]] {{Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Katsina}} 6bhsofauewtkvna7wjv8y6m1z9627i7 0 9039 888448 703810 2026-07-28T10:57:03Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 /* Tarihi */ 888448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Faskari''' [[birni]] ne, da kuma [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|ƙaramar hukuma]] (LGA) a cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], a arewacin [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] .<ref name=nc>{{cite web |url= http://www.nigeriacongress.org/FGN/administrative/lgadetails.asp?lg=Faskari |title= Faskari Local Government Area |accessdate= 2007-02-06 |work= nigeriacongress.org |archive-date= 2022-12-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221205045636/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/FGN/administrative/lgadetails.asp?lg=Faskari |url-status= dead }}</ref>Yawan jama'ar LGA ya kasance 125,181 tun daga shekarar ta 2003. <ref name="nc" /> Sarki ( Sarki ) na yanzu shi ne Eng Aminu Tukur Saidu, sai kuma zababben ciyaman Alhaji Bala Faskari, na jam'iyyar APC.<ref name=flg>{{cite web|url=http://www.faskari.com/home.html |title=Faskari Local Government |access-date=2007-02-06 |work=faskari.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028053140/http://www.faskari.com/home.html |archive-date=2007-10-28 |df= }}</ref> == Tarihi == Duk da cewa kuma tatsuniyoyi da dama suna da alaƙa da ɓullowar Faskari, to amma an yarda cewa asalinsa ya fito ne daga shahararrun ƴan gudun hijira Larabawa Gido da Wari da suka yi hijira daga Alkalawa ( Gobir ) zuwa [[Zariya]] waɗanda suka zo suka zauna a cikin Mafaskara (ma'ana masu saran itace, mutanen da suke. sa'an nan zuwa cikin ayyukan arna ). Garin Faskari yana yiwuwa ya koma a shekarar 1778. Daga baya ɗaya daga cikin zuriyar Kaura Kuren Gumaru ya gina ta zuwa wata al’umma mai wayewa, a zamanin [[Muhammadu Bello]], Sarkin Katsina daga shekarar 1844 zuwa shekara ta 1886.<ref>{{Cite book|last=FALSA|first=Ta Danyabani|title=A magazine of Faskari Local Government Student Association|publisher=Bawo Info Tech Systems, Faskari|year=2014|location=Faskari|pages=6-7}}</ref> Faskari ta zama ƙaramar hukuma a watan Mayun shekarar 1989, wadda aka fitar daga ƙaramar hukumar Funtua. Yankin yana kudu maso yammacin jihar Katsina, garin Faskari ne hedkwatarsa, yana da iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar [[Funtua]] daga gabas, ƙaramar hukumar Tsafe [[Zamfara|ta jihar Zamfara ta]] yamma, [[Birnin Gwari]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] a arewa da ƙaramar hukumar [[Sabuwa]] . kudu. Ƙaramar hukumar ta ƙunshi gundumomi guda biyu, yankin Faskari da Mairuwa, tare da ƙauyuka da dama. A farkon matsuguni a yankin, sarakunan sun ci karo da matsaloli, wahalhalu, faɗace-faɗace da kai hare-hare na kama bayi kuma a sakamakon haka suka tsira saboda kasancewar tsananin damuwa tun suna kanana wadanda suka yi fice a fagen fama kuma ta haka ne ya share hanya. zuwa ga samuwar wasu manyan masarautu wadanda daga baya suka ci gaba zuwa kauyuka da garuruwa, daga cikin wadannan wuraren da Bilbis, Yarmalamai, Tsafe, Sauri, Zagami, Ruwan Godiya, Tafoki, Daudawa, Nasarawa, Yankara, Fankama, Maigora, Mechika, Sabon Layi, Birnin Kogo and Faskari. Duk waɗannan an daidaita su ne waɗanda daga baya suka ci gaba zuwa abin da suke a halin yanzu. A taƙaice dai, jin daɗin zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali ya ƙarfafa mutane su yi ƙaura zuwa yankin a ƙarƙashin jagorancin wasu ƙananan masarautu guda biyu waɗanda tarihin Faskari ba zai iya zama cikakke ba tare da su ba, musamman a cikin babban gudunmawar da suka bayar, dabaru da diflomasiyya a lokacin, ƙauyukan biyu. su ne na Birnin Kogo da na Faskari tun kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka. Wadannan matsugunai guda biyu sun kasance a karkashin ikon Katsina tun a tarihi a karkashin kulawar Galadanci. Shugabannin Birnin Kogo su ne ''Barebari'', yayin da na Faskari suka fito daga Gobir. A farkon matakin ƙauyukan biyu sun kasance ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, maƙwabta da juna a kan yankuna. Daga baya ne aka hade su aka kafa Gundumar domin saukakawa da gudanar da harkokin mulki cikin sauki zuwa Katsina ta tsakiya. Da farko an fara tuntuɓar masu rike da sarautar Faskari, aka nuna wa Hakimin Hakimi (a zamanin Faskari Abu da Kogo Ummaru) amma daga baya suka ki amincewa da wannan tayin na “Kogawa” sakamakon sarkar auratayya tsakanin Barebari. da Gobirawa. Bayan haka sai Faskari ya zama hedkwatar yankin. Wanke Dan Jatau ne ya kafa Birnin Kogo a shekarar 1848 a zamanin Sarkin Katsina Muhammed Bello. Daga cikin manyan sarakunan masarautar Kogo akwai Kogo Muhammadu Yamaman, Kogo Ali, Kogo Umar, Kogo Musa II, Kogo Abdu da Kogo Ibrahim. Rasuwar Kogo Ibrahim da hawan wani sabon gidan sarauta na fulani ya kawo canjin Hakimi zuwa Sarkin Yamma a shekarar 1975. Wanda kuma aka fara nada da sabon mukami shi ne Sarkin Yamma Alhaji Sa’idu (Kakan Hakimin Hakimin yanzu). Kafin nada shi Sarkin Yamma shi ne Hakimin Maigora. Sarkin Yamma na yanzu, Eng. Aminu Tukur Sa'idu, ya gaji mahaifinsa a shekarar 1986. Sauran mazauni na asalin Gobir (Gobirawa) a Faskari an kafa shi ne shekaru kadan bayan faduwar daular Gobir a 1804 lokacin da aka lalata babban birnin masarautar Alkalawa, wanda ya kai ga tarwatsa iyalan masu mulki zuwa Sabon-Birni., Isa, Tsibiri, Ilorin, Faskari, da dai sauransu. Sai ga shi Muhammadu Gido dan Bawa Jangwarzo da dansa Danyanbani suka nufi kudu har suka isa tsohuwar Faskari akan hanyarsu ta zuwa [[Zazzau]] . Sun tsaya tsayin daka don ba da damar daidaita kumburin ƙafafu na matashi Danyabani. A nan ne kakannin Danboka (Maguzawa Maguzawa mazauna cikin duwatsu) suka zagaya wurin daga Daura suka hadu da Muhammadu Gido suka ba shi taimako wajen ciyar da dawakinsa, suka kuma bukaci ya zauna tare da su. Ya karbi tayin daga baya ya tambayi yanayin muhallin su. A cikin ɗan gajeren zaman Muhammadu Gido ya yi addu'a tare da bayyana shaharran sa cewa za su zauna a nan gaba don samar da ƙaƙƙarfan al'umma da ke rayuwa ta fuskar tsaro, zamantakewa, don wadata da wadata ga wasu: "Mu faskara a nan", wanda ya zama sunan. wurin, Faskari. Cikin kankanin lokaci mutane suka fara zuwa daga wurare daban-daban kuma suka ci gaba da karuwa a karkashin jagorancin Muhammadu Gido. Ana cikin haka ne Muhammadu Gido ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da gudanar da aikin sa a Zazzau, ya bar sauran jama'a a baya. Da isarsa Zazzau Muhammadu Gido ya samu tarba daga sarkin ya kai shi kusa da shi har ma ya nada shi kansila a masarautar. A bisa bukatar Mohammed Gido Sarkin Zazzau ya ba shi fili a arewa inda aka kafa sabuwar mazauni mai suna Giwa. Daga baya kuma sai wata tawaga daga Faskari ta zo tana neman Muhammadu Gido ya dawo, amma sai aka samu koma baya, a haka ne Danyabani ya sake komawa wani shugabancin al’ummar Faskari, zuriyarsa kuma suka ci gaba da gaje su har zuwa yau. Hakimin kauyen Faskari na yanzu shine na 15 a jerin gwano. Garin ana siffanta shi da “FASKARI TA DANYABANI TABA MAISHIGA ZUCCI” (a zahiri, Faskari na Danyabani, taba sigari da ke mamaye zuciyar masu shan taba; ma’ana idan sun gan ta sai suna shan taba) hakan yana nufin cewa da yawa kana zaune a Faskari. garin tsawon lokacin da kuke son zama. An kafa ƙaramar hukumar Faskari ne daga karamar hukumar Funtua a ranar 15 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1989 karkashin mulkin soja na Janar Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida. Ƙaramar hukumar ta kunshi Gundumomi biyu, watau Faskari da Mairuwa kuma yana da yankuna da yawa. Karamar hukumar tana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i tana iyaka da Birin Gwari jihar Kaduna a kudu, jihar Tsafe Zamfara ta yamma, Kankara da Bakori a Arewa da kuma yamma. == Mutane == Manyan ƙabilun su ne Hausawa da [[Fulani]] . Sauran ƙabilun da aka samu a yankin sun haɗa da [[Igbo]], [[Yarbawa]], [[Nupe]], da dai sauransu. A tsawon shekaru, [[Musulunci]] ya kasance babban addini a yankin tare da samun cikakkiyar zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali ba tare da kabilanci ko addini ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yawancin [[mutane]] masu [[noma]] ne da ƴan [[kasuwa]]. == Albarkatun Ma'adinai == Yankin yana da albarkar albarkatun ma'adinai masu yawa, na ƙarfe da ma'adanai waɗanda ba a taɓa samun su ba tukuna. Ma'adanai sun haɗa da nickel, baƙin ƙarfe-oxide, chromites, magnetite, kaolin, asbestos, yashi silica, yumbu na baya, graphite, diamonds, potash, quartz. == Taimako da Magudanar ruwa == Ta faɗa ƙarƙashin tudun tsaunin [[Hausa]] tare da birgima a hankali. Wurare mafi girma saboda gneisses da porphyroblastic granites waɗanda ke yin sirdi a yamma. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana ƙarƙashin ma'adini mai sauƙi mai sauƙi feldspar-biotite, Schist da Serpentimite na rukunin [[gida]]. Rafukan gabaɗaya suna da daidaitawar [[arewa]] da kudu. Hanyar ƙafar Ungwaguagwa-Alikeai-Yankara tana ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun rafukan da ke gudana daga arewa daga waɗanda ke gudana zuwa kudu da magudanar ruwa. Yawancin rafi ana sarrafa yajin aiki (na yanayi na yanayi) musamman kogin Gauri da magudanan ruwa da yawa, yayin da wasu ke kwarara arewa maso yamma daga Kondo wanda ake tunanin "laifi" ne ake sarrafa shi. == Yanayi == Yanayin yankin na nahiya ne na wurare masu zafi, yana samun ruwan sama na shekara da shekara na 198.3mm da matsakaicin yanayi na yanayi fiye da 28c. Ruwan sama yana farawa daga Mayu kuma yana ƙare Nuwamba. == Ƙasa == Ƙasar ƙasan ƙasa ce mai yumɓu (waɗanda ake kira "Laka") da zurfin zurfin mita biyar, kuma mai kyau a cikin rubutu. Ƙasar tana da wuyar yin aiki lokaci-lokaci, tana ƙoƙarin zama matsewar ruwa da ruwan sama mai yawa da bushewa ko tsagewa a lokacin rani. Ko da yake, a cikin garin Faskari da kewaye ƙasar ta fi takin yanayi. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su sune auduga, masara, gero, masarar Guinea, gyada, Suya Beans da dai sauransu. == Tsire-tsire == Yankin yana ƙarƙashin yankin Savannah na Arewa-Guinea, tare da ciyayi mai kunshe da nau'ikan ganye masu faɗi tare da dogayen ciyayi masu tsayi na ciyayi masu alaƙa da gauraye da kyawawan ganyen bishiyu masu ƙaya tare da ci gaba da gajeriyar murfin ciyawa. ciyayi galibi mutum ne ya yi amfani da shi don itacen wuta, kiwo da noma. == ƙalubalen muhalli == Kamar galibin yankunan jihohin Arewa da jihar Katsina musamman ƙaramar hukumar Faskari na fama da matsalar fari da kwararowar hamada da mamayewar kwari da zaizayar kasa. == Garuruwa da kauyuka a cikin Faskari == Faskari, Mairuwa, Yankara, Daudawa, Sheme, Tafoki, Sarkin Fulani, Dakamawa, Shawu, Tudun Laki, Unguwar Barau, Unguwar Diyam, Unguwar Boka, Unguwar Ganye, Unguwar Gwanki, Unguwar Malam, 'Yar-Malamai, 'Yar-Marafa, Yan-Nasarawa, Bakarya, Bagudu, Bele, Bilbis, Birnin Kogo, Dan Baduka, Doma, Fankama, Unguwar Malam Musa, Unguwar Miko, Unguwar Namand, Unguwar Sakkai, Unguwar Wakili, Unguwar Maikanwa, Unguwar Maje, Wakataba, Kadisau, Kanon Haki, Unguwar Bika, Kogo, Kondo, Kyaburshawa, Kwai, Kwakware, Yan Turawa, Ladan, Maigora, Maisabo, Monunu, Munhaye, Ruwan Godiya, Kwai, Sabon-Layin Galadima. <ref>Babangida Muhammad Faskari (2005), "The Offices of 'Kogo' and 'Faskari' in the Development of Faskari District, Katsina Emirate in the 20th Century.", B.A.(History), B.U.K.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{coord|11|43|N|7|02|E|region:NG_type:city(15314)|display=inline,title}} {{LGAs and communities of Katsina State}} [[Category:Local Government Areas in Katsina State]] m7pxro7j0uv4t7gdvuwzq532f9jvuje 0 9053 888393 873737 2026-07-28T09:58:00Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888393 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Funtua Post Office, No. 2 Zaria road Funtua-Katsina State.jpg|thumb]]{{databox}} [[File:Funtua town view from Funtua Rock.jpg|thumb|Funtuwa]] [[File:Wiktionary Funtuajpg12.jpg|thumb|Members na wikipidia a garin funtuwa]][[File:Bakori Post Office Funtua road- Katsina State.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Funtua town view from Funtua Rock.jpg|thumb|Funtuwa karamar hukumace]] [[Fayil:Dutsen Funtua.jpg|thumb|Dutsen funtua]][[File:Christianity in Northern Nigeria 02.jpg|thumb]] '''Funtua''' Ƙaramar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a kudancin Najeriya a [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar]] Katsina. Hedikwatarsa tana cikin garin Funtua akan [[Babban titin A126 (Najeriya)|babbar hanyar A126]]. Tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan Ƙananan Hukumomin dake Najeriya da aka samar tun bayan gyaran tsarin ƙananan hukumomi da akayi a shekarar (1976). Ita ce kuma hedikwatar mazaɓar Katsina ta Kudu, wadda ta ƙunshi ƙananan hukumomi har guda goma sha daya (11) waɗanda suka haɗa da: Bakori, Danja, Dandume, Faskari, Sabuwa, Kankara, Malumfashi, Kafur, [[Musawa]], Matazu da ita kuma kanta Funtua. Funtua tana da yanayi mai kyau yayin da take kan latitude da longitude 11°32′N da 7°19′E bi da bi. Garin yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 320C da zafi na 44%. Tana da girman murabba'i 448&nbsp;km² da yawan jama'a (225,571 a bisa ƙidayar 2006) sannan kuma mutum 570,110 bisa ga ƙiyasin (2016). Shugaban shine shugaban ƙaramar hukuma a hukumance. Mazauna karamar hukumar hausa Fulani ne akasarinsu, sana’o’insu shine kasuwanci, noma da kiwon dabbobi.<ref>"Funtua Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 24 August 2024.</ref> Funtua tana cikin iyakar kudancin jihar Katsina. Shi ne birni na biyu mafi girma a jihar bayan Katsina. Tana iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Giwa ta jihar Kaduna a kudu, Bakori daga gabas, Danja a kudu maso gabas, Faskari a arewa maso yamma da Dandume a yamma. Lambar ofishin sakonni na yankin ita ce 830.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> Tushen kogin [[Sokoto (kogi)|Sokoto]] yana kusa da Funtuwa.<ref>"Funtua Local Government Area". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2024</ref> [[File:Funtua_town_view_from_Funtua_Rock.jpg|thumb| Duba garin Funtua daga Dutsen Funtua]] == Kasuwanci da Masana'antu. == Funtua cibiyar masana'antu da kasuwanci ce tun zamanin mulkin mallaka, a halin yanzu tana da yawancin masana'antu a cikin jihar<ref>"Nigerian-Made Funtua Fabric Aims to Rebuild a Struggling Industry". PROTOCHIC. 23 January 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2024.</ref>. Viz: Funtua Textiles Limited, <ref>Adefolurin, Adeyinka M. "Alh. Babangida Jargaba (Nigeria) Limited". savycon.com. Retrieved 30 July 2024.</ref>Jargaba Agric Processing Company wanda ya shahara a masana'antar mai, abincin dabbobi, Diaries Arewa, Funtua Burnt Bricks, Funtua Fertiliser Blending Company, West African Cotton Company,<ref>Ilelaboye, Jare (2 July 2000). "Nigeria: Katsina Set to Privatise Bricks Firm". All Africa.</ref> Lumus Cotton Ginnery, Integrated Flour Mills, Funtua Bottling Company. Salama Rice Mills da dai sauransu.<ref>A HISTORY OF THE INTRODUCTION, GROWTH AND DECLINE OF RAILWAY IN FUNTUA TOWN, 1927 – 1992 HISTORY & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Project Topics". eduproject.com.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2024</ref><ref>"Climate Change Funtua". meteoblue. Retrieved 24 October 2023.</ref> ==Zargazirga == Funtua tana da tashar jirgin ƙasa a reshen yammacin layin dogo na ƙasa da manyan titunan tarayya guda 4: Titin Funtua-Birnin Gwari-Lagos, Funtua-Zamfara-Sokoto-Kebbi Road, Funtua-Yashe Road, da Funtua-. [[Zariya|Zaria]] Road, Funtua-Bakori-malunfashi-Dayi Road<ref>"Educational Institutions in Funtua L.G.A, Katsina State | Nigeria Directory, A List of Nigerian Businesses, Organisations, Firms and Companies | Nigeria Yellow Pages". www.directory.org.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2024</ref><ref>"Educational Institutions in Funtua, Katsina State". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2024.</ref> == Cibiyoyin Ilimi == A halin yanzu Funtua tana da manyan makarantu da ke ɗaukar ɗalibai daga ko’ina a faɗin ƙasar nan, ɗaya ita ce makarantar gyaran jiki da aka fi sani da Ahmadu Bello University School of Basic and Remedial Studies (SBRS), Funtua, wacce ke ɗaukar ɗalibai daga dukkan jihohi Sha tara (19) na Arewacin Najeriya. na biyu kuma tana da kwalejojin fasahar kiwon lafiya guda huɗu (4) da aka fi sani da Muslim Community College of Health Science & Technology Funtua, College of Health and Environmental Sciences Funtua, Umar bin Khattab School of health and Technology Funtua da Funtua Community College of Health Sciences and Technology Sannan Kuma Akwai wata Sabuwa Mai Suna Funtua Community College Of Health and Technology. Wata cibiyar bayar da shaidar difloma ita ce Abdullahi Aminchi College of Advanced Studies Funtua wacce ta yi rijistar bayar da shaidar difloma kamar yadda ta ke da alaka da ABU Zaria, inda a yanzu suka bude sashin bayar da shaidar digiri Wanda sukayi rijista da Jami'ar tarayya dake Dutsen ma wato FUDMA, Kwalejin Ilimi ta Imam Sa’idu, wadda ke ba da NCE da Isma’ila Isah College of Advanced Studies ita ma ta na ba da shaidar difloma. Takaddun shaida tare da haɗin gwiwar Haicas Tsafe. Funtua ta samu shahararriyar cibiyar bayar da takardar shedar a yanzu haka tana shirin fara bayar da Diploma da aka fi sani da College of Administration, Funtua. A kwanannan Kuma Allah ya kawo ma garin Funtua wani ci gaba na samun babbar jami'ar tarayya ta kiwon lapia, wadda Mai girma gwamnan jihar Katsina Malam Dikko Umar Radda PhD ya rattaba hannu tare da aminceewar ayi ta Funtua. == Wutar Lantarki da Ruwa == Funtua tana da tashar watsa wutar lantarki ta ƙasa mai ƙarfin 132KV na National Grid da ke zuwa daga Mando tasha ta Zariya daga nan ta wuce [[Gusau]] ta tsaya a Talata Mafara. Yana da kyau a lura cewa tashar watsa wutar lantarki mai karfin 132kv/33kv da ke Funtua tana gudanar da ayyukan kananan hukumomi 9 daga cikin kananan hukumomi 11 da suka kunshi Gundumar shiyyar Funtua. Yayin da rashin wutar lantarki ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a fadin kasar, Funtua ba ta da irin wannan matsalar saboda garin na samun wutar lantarki na tsawon sa'o'i 8-10 a kullum. Don haka duk mai sha'awar zuba jari zai iya zuwa ya saka hannun jari.<ref>Carmen (17 September 2021). "Funtua - Zaria Line, Nigeria". Power Technology. Retrieved 30 July 2024.</ref><ref>Salawu, Abdulazeez Ozomari (May 2014). "THE REMAINING STORAGE AND RATE OF SILTATION OF MAIRUWA DAM IN FUNTUA, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA". <nowiki>{{cite journal}}</nowiki>: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)</ref><ref>"Funtua, Katsina, Nigeria Climate". Weather and Climate. Retrieved 28 August 2023</ref> Dangane da samar da ruwa, Allah ya albarkaci Funtua da madatsun ruwa guda biyu 2, wato; Mairuwa da Gwaigwaye da suka yi hidimar birnin da wasu sassa na majalisar Faskari da yankin Bakori. Za a iya amfani da runfunan ruwa guda 2 don wasu abubuwa kamar ban ruwa da samar da wutar lantarki. Har ila yau kuma, akwai gonar Songhai da ake amfani da ita don horarwa da noman wasu kayayyakin gona.<ref>Olarinoye, Ajibola (11 January 2018). "$70m dam construction: Katsina partners Indian firm". Infrastructure News. Retrieved 30 July 2024.</ref><ref>"Songhai Farm initiative suffers neglect in states". Daily Trust. 21 April 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2024</ref> == Funtua Inland Dry Port == Bayan matakin da gwamnatin tarayya ta ɗauka na rage cunkoso a tashoshin jiragen ruwanmu, gwamnatin Obasanjo ta kafa tashoshi 6 na busasshen ruwa a ƙasar nan a shekarar 2006, inda Funtua na cikin masu karɓar bakuncin.<ref>Rapheal (2 August 2022). "How inland dry port projects'll boost FG's revenue, trade flows –Minister". The Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 22 October 2023.</ref> A halin yanzu aikin yana ci gaba da gudana a wurin kuma idan an kammala aikin busashen zai samar da guraben ayyukan yi da kuma samun kuɗaɗen shiga ga gwamnati.<ref>Ports, Ships & (10 May 2024). "Tinubu commissions Funtua Inland Dry Port to support economic diversification". Ships & Ports. Retrieved 30 July 2024.</ref><ref>"Climate Change Funtua". meteoblue. Retrieved 24 October 2023.</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Tashoshin Jiragen Ƙasa a Najeriya|Tashoshin jirgin kasa a Najeriya]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151002023736/http://sbrs.abu.edu.ng/ Makarantar Koyon Ilimi da Gyaran Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello (SBRS), Funtua] == Wasu garuruwa da kauyuka a Funtua == Dukke, Maigamji, Maska, Tudun Iya, Gardawa, Unguwar Hamida, Gwaigwaye, Dan Fili, Goya, 'Yar Randa, Unguwar Fadi, Unguwar Nuhu, Gwauruwa, Rafin Dinya, Kaliyawa, Zamfarawa, Bakin Dutse, Unguwar Kankura, Unguwar Kwando, Cibauna, Lasanawa, Dukawa, Unguwar Biri, Kofar Yamma, Sabon Gari, Danlayi, Unguwar Tofa. Wasu daga cikin unguwannin Funtua sun hada da; BCJA, Jabiri, Unguwar Wanzamai, Bakori Road, Mai ruwa road, Danja Road, Tafoki Road, Goya road, GRA, Tudun Wada, Unguwan Magajin Makera, Sabon Layi, Bagari, Dan Daji, Unguwar mata, Nasarawa, Low-cost Yan Wanki, Dandaji, Unguwar Mata, Zaria Road, Karofi, Sabuwar Abuja, Dutsen Rimi da sauransu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lkg14az04nkqq5f2wexvk4v9q3fz6sl 0 9055 888451 839391 2026-07-28T11:15:36Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Malumfashi Katsina.ogg|thumb|Sautin malumfashi]] '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) ƙaramar hukuma ce acikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. Wadda ta Kunshi gundumomi guda 12 wadanda suka hada da Malumfashi A, Malumfashi B, Dayi, Dansarai, Makaurachi,Gangara, Gora, Yammama, Yaba, Marabar Kankara, Marmara,Ruwan Sanyi dakuma Karfi. Garin Malumfashi gari ne wanda akasarin mazaunansa Hausawa ne da Fulani manyan sana'oin mazauna garin sun hada da Noma, Kiwo dakuma Kasuwanci. Manoman garin sunshara wajen noman Masara, Dawa da Auduga. Sama da kaso 95% nmazauna karamar hukumar Musulmai ne mabiya Sunna.<ref>Shamsuddeen Bello an indigen of Malumfashi LGA. 23/06/2025</ref> Ƙaramar Hukumar Malumfashi ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Gwarzo ta jihar Kano daga Gabas maso kudu, Daga Gabas ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar Musawa daga Arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar ƙankara, daga Kudu ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar ƙafur, daga Yamma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Bakori. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da fadin kasa kimanin 674&nbsp;km² da yawan mutum 182,920 a bisa ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Abdullahi City sannan kuma Mai shari'a Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. == Yanayi gari== Lokacin zafi ya na kaiwa kimanin wata 1.9 a malumfashi, wanda yanayin zafin ya na kaiwa 95°F sannan yanayin sanyi ya na kaiwa kimanin watanni 2.7 wanda kimanin ya na kaiwa 86°F a gaba daya shekara yanayi yana caccanzawa. Lambar ofishin tura sakonni na yankin ita ce 822.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Malumfashi/ƙafur shi ne Aminu Ibrahim ƙafur 2023 to date. Wakilin amajalissar jiha shine Aminu Ibrahim Saidu 2019 to date.<ref>"Deputy Minority Whip retains Katsina South senatorial seat". 30 March 2015.</ref> Malumfashi tana da kyakkyawar mu'amala tsakanin al'ummar kiristoci da kuma Musulmai Hausawa. Su na zaune lafiya da makwabtansu Hausawa da danginsu. == Fitattun mutane == * Late. Justice Mamman Nasir former president Court of Appeal, Kuma Galadiman Katsina daga 1992 zuwa 2019. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga shekara ta alif 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * Senator Bello Mandiya former senator representing Katsina South from 2019 to 2023. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Tsohon Vice Chancellor na [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} qc9fxxagh10zw7sffpvpxs0x2307n6q 888453 888451 2026-07-28T11:32:47Z Mansir Yusuf 19064 888453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Malumfashi Katsina.ogg|thumb|Sautin malumfashi]] '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) ƙaramar hukuma ce acikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. Wadda ta Kunshi gundumomi guda 12 wadanda suka hada da Malumfashi A, Malumfashi B, Dayi, Dansarai, Makaurachi,Gangara, Gora, Yammama, Yaba, Marabar Kankara, Marmara,Ruwan Sanyi dakuma Karfi. Garin Malumfashi gari ne wanda akasarin mazaunansa Hausawa ne da Fulani manyan sana'oin mazauna garin sun hada da Noma, Kiwo dakuma Kasuwanci. Manoman garin sunshara wajen noman Masara, Dawa da Auduga. Sama da kaso 95% nmazauna karamar hukumar Musulmai ne mabiya Sunna.<ref>Shamsuddeen Bello an indigen of Malumfashi LGA. 23/06/2025</ref> Ƙaramar Hukumar Malumfashi ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Gwarzo ta jihar Kano daga Gabas maso kudu, Daga Gabas ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (Musawa daga Arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar ƙankara, daga Kudu ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar ƙafur, daga Yamma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Bakori. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da fadin kasa kimanin 674&nbsp;km² da yawan mutum 182,920 a bisa ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Abdullahi City sannan kuma Mai shari'a Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. == Yanayi gari== Lokacin zafi ya na kaiwa kimanin wata 1.9 a malumfashi, wanda yanayin zafin ya na kaiwa 95°F sannan yanayin sanyi ya na kaiwa kimanin watanni 2.7 wanda kimanin ya na kaiwa 86°F a gaba daya shekara yanayi yana caccanzawa. Lambar ofishin tura sakonni na yankin ita ce 822.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Malumfashi/ƙafur shi ne Aminu Ibrahim ƙafur 2023 to date. Wakilin amajalissar jiha shine Aminu Ibrahim Saidu 2019 to date.<ref>"Deputy Minority Whip retains Katsina South senatorial seat". 30 March 2015.</ref> Malumfashi tana da kyakkyawar mu'amala tsakanin al'ummar kiristoci da kuma Musulmai Hausawa. Su na zaune lafiya da makwabtansu Hausawa da danginsu. == Fitattun mutane == * Late. Justice Mamman Nasir former president Court of Appeal, Kuma Galadiman Katsina daga 1992 zuwa 2019. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga shekara ta alif 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * Senator Bello Mandiya former senator representing Katsina South from 2019 to 2023. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Tsohon Vice Chancellor na [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} atjl7rxft4v0s2zrrzm52wvfrqyns7x 888454 888453 2026-07-28T11:33:05Z Mansir Yusuf 19064 888454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Malumfashi Katsina.ogg|thumb|Sautin malumfashi]] '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) ƙaramar hukuma ce acikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. Wadda ta Kunshi gundumomi guda 12 wadanda suka hada da Malumfashi A, Malumfashi B, Dayi, Dansarai, Makaurachi,Gangara, Gora, Yammama, Yaba, Marabar Kankara, Marmara,Ruwan Sanyi dakuma Karfi. Garin Malumfashi gari ne wanda akasarin mazaunansa Hausawa ne da Fulani manyan sana'oin mazauna garin sun hada da Noma, Kiwo dakuma Kasuwanci. Manoman garin sunshara wajen noman Masara, Dawa da Auduga. Sama da kaso 95% nmazauna karamar hukumar Musulmai ne mabiya Sunna.<ref>Shamsuddeen Bello an indigen of Malumfashi LGA. 23/06/2025</ref> Ƙaramar Hukumar Malumfashi ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Gwarzo ta jihar Kano daga Gabas maso kudu, Daga Gabas ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (Musawa) daga Arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar ƙankara, daga Kudu ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar ƙafur, daga Yamma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Bakori. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da fadin kasa kimanin 674&nbsp;km² da yawan mutum 182,920 a bisa ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Abdullahi City sannan kuma Mai shari'a Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. == Yanayi gari== Lokacin zafi ya na kaiwa kimanin wata 1.9 a malumfashi, wanda yanayin zafin ya na kaiwa 95°F sannan yanayin sanyi ya na kaiwa kimanin watanni 2.7 wanda kimanin ya na kaiwa 86°F a gaba daya shekara yanayi yana caccanzawa. Lambar ofishin tura sakonni na yankin ita ce 822.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Malumfashi/ƙafur shi ne Aminu Ibrahim ƙafur 2023 to date. Wakilin amajalissar jiha shine Aminu Ibrahim Saidu 2019 to date.<ref>"Deputy Minority Whip retains Katsina South senatorial seat". 30 March 2015.</ref> Malumfashi tana da kyakkyawar mu'amala tsakanin al'ummar kiristoci da kuma Musulmai Hausawa. Su na zaune lafiya da makwabtansu Hausawa da danginsu. == Fitattun mutane == * Late. Justice Mamman Nasir former president Court of Appeal, Kuma Galadiman Katsina daga 1992 zuwa 2019. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga shekara ta alif 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * Senator Bello Mandiya former senator representing Katsina South from 2019 to 2023. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Tsohon Vice Chancellor na [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 3bclv2kslarn80lsbmo9ucp8bzil54i 888455 888454 2026-07-28T11:33:25Z Mansir Yusuf 19064 888455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Malumfashi Katsina.ogg|thumb|Sautin malumfashi]] '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) ƙaramar hukuma ce acikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. Wadda ta Kunshi gundumomi guda 12 wadanda suka hada da Malumfashi A, Malumfashi B, Dayi, Dansarai, Makaurachi,Gangara, Gora, Yammama, Yaba, Marabar Kankara, Marmara,Ruwan Sanyi dakuma Karfi. Garin Malumfashi gari ne wanda akasarin mazaunansa Hausawa ne da Fulani manyan sana'oin mazauna garin sun hada da Noma, Kiwo dakuma Kasuwanci. Manoman garin sunshara wajen noman Masara, Dawa da Auduga. Sama da kaso 95% nmazauna karamar hukumar Musulmai ne mabiya Sunna.<ref>Shamsuddeen Bello an indigen of Malumfashi LGA. 23/06/2025</ref> Ƙaramar Hukumar Malumfashi ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Gwarzo ta jihar Kano daga Gabas maso kudu, Daga Gabas ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (Musawa) daga Arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (ƙankara, daga Kudu ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar ƙafur, daga Yamma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Bakori. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da fadin kasa kimanin 674&nbsp;km² da yawan mutum 182,920 a bisa ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Abdullahi City sannan kuma Mai shari'a Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. == Yanayi gari== Lokacin zafi ya na kaiwa kimanin wata 1.9 a malumfashi, wanda yanayin zafin ya na kaiwa 95°F sannan yanayin sanyi ya na kaiwa kimanin watanni 2.7 wanda kimanin ya na kaiwa 86°F a gaba daya shekara yanayi yana caccanzawa. Lambar ofishin tura sakonni na yankin ita ce 822.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Malumfashi/ƙafur shi ne Aminu Ibrahim ƙafur 2023 to date. Wakilin amajalissar jiha shine Aminu Ibrahim Saidu 2019 to date.<ref>"Deputy Minority Whip retains Katsina South senatorial seat". 30 March 2015.</ref> Malumfashi tana da kyakkyawar mu'amala tsakanin al'ummar kiristoci da kuma Musulmai Hausawa. Su na zaune lafiya da makwabtansu Hausawa da danginsu. == Fitattun mutane == * Late. Justice Mamman Nasir former president Court of Appeal, Kuma Galadiman Katsina daga 1992 zuwa 2019. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga shekara ta alif 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * Senator Bello Mandiya former senator representing Katsina South from 2019 to 2023. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Tsohon Vice Chancellor na [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 6ejynkxcliuigks98ue4lo32nsbs33l 888456 888455 2026-07-28T11:34:04Z Mansir Yusuf 19064 888456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Malumfashi Katsina.ogg|thumb|Sautin malumfashi]] '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) ƙaramar hukuma ce acikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. Wadda ta Kunshi gundumomi guda 12 wadanda suka hada da Malumfashi A, Malumfashi B, Dayi, Dansarai, Makaurachi,Gangara, Gora, Yammama, Yaba, Marabar Kankara, Marmara,Ruwan Sanyi dakuma Karfi. Garin Malumfashi gari ne wanda akasarin mazaunansa Hausawa ne da Fulani manyan sana'oin mazauna garin sun hada da Noma, Kiwo dakuma Kasuwanci. Manoman garin sunshara wajen noman Masara, Dawa da Auduga. Sama da kaso 95% nmazauna karamar hukumar Musulmai ne mabiya Sunna.<ref>Shamsuddeen Bello an indigen of Malumfashi LGA. 23/06/2025</ref> Ƙaramar Hukumar Malumfashi ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Gwarzo ta jihar Kano daga Gabas maso kudu, Daga Gabas ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (Musawa) daga Arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (ƙankara) , daga Kudu ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar ƙafur, daga Yamma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Bakori. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da fadin kasa kimanin 674&nbsp;km² da yawan mutum 182,920 a bisa ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Abdullahi City sannan kuma Mai shari'a Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. == Yanayi gari== Lokacin zafi ya na kaiwa kimanin wata 1.9 a malumfashi, wanda yanayin zafin ya na kaiwa 95°F sannan yanayin sanyi ya na kaiwa kimanin watanni 2.7 wanda kimanin ya na kaiwa 86°F a gaba daya shekara yanayi yana caccanzawa. Lambar ofishin tura sakonni na yankin ita ce 822.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Malumfashi/ƙafur shi ne Aminu Ibrahim ƙafur 2023 to date. Wakilin amajalissar jiha shine Aminu Ibrahim Saidu 2019 to date.<ref>"Deputy Minority Whip retains Katsina South senatorial seat". 30 March 2015.</ref> Malumfashi tana da kyakkyawar mu'amala tsakanin al'ummar kiristoci da kuma Musulmai Hausawa. Su na zaune lafiya da makwabtansu Hausawa da danginsu. == Fitattun mutane == * Late. Justice Mamman Nasir former president Court of Appeal, Kuma Galadiman Katsina daga 1992 zuwa 2019. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga shekara ta alif 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * Senator Bello Mandiya former senator representing Katsina South from 2019 to 2023. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Tsohon Vice Chancellor na [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 368s0tphfqeb859ho8pvnn28dp59g72 888457 888456 2026-07-28T11:35:09Z Mansir Yusuf 19064 888457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Malumfashi Katsina.ogg|thumb|Sautin malumfashi]] '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) ƙaramar hukuma ce acikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. Wadda ta Kunshi gundumomi guda 12 wadanda suka hada da Malumfashi A, Malumfashi B, Dayi, Dansarai, Makaurachi,Gangara, Gora, Yammama, Yaba, Marabar Kankara, Marmara,Ruwan Sanyi dakuma Karfi. Garin Malumfashi gari ne wanda akasarin mazaunansa Hausawa ne da Fulani manyan sana'oin mazauna garin sun hada da Noma, Kiwo dakuma Kasuwanci. Manoman garin sunshara wajen noman Masara, Dawa da Auduga. Sama da kaso 95% nmazauna karamar hukumar Musulmai ne mabiya Sunna.<ref>Shamsuddeen Bello an indigen of Malumfashi LGA. 23/06/2025</ref> Ƙaramar Hukumar Malumfashi ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Gwarzo ta jihar Kano daga Gabas maso kudu, Daga Gabas ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (Musawa) daga Arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (ƙankara) , daga Kudu ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar ƙafur, daga Yamma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Bakori. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da fadin kasa kimanin 674&nbsp;km² da yawan mutum 182,920 a bisa ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Abdullahi City sannan kuma Mai shari'a Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. == Yanayi gari== Lokacin zafi ya na kaiwa kimanin wata 1.9 a malumfashi, wanda yanayin zafin ya na kaiwa 95°F sannan yanayin sanyi ya na kaiwa kimanin watanni 2.7 wanda kimanin ya na kaiwa 86°F a gaba daya shekara yanayi yana caccanzawa. Lambar ofishin tura sakonni na yankin ita ce 822.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazaɓar Malumfashi/ƙafur shi ne Aminu Ibrahim ƙafur 2023 to date. Wakilin amajalissar jiha shine Aminu Ibrahim Saidu 2019 to date.<ref>"Deputy Minority Whip retains Katsina South senatorial seat". 30 March 2015.</ref> Malumfashi tana da kyakkyawar mu'amala tsakanin al'ummar kiristoci da kuma Musulmai Hausawa. Su na zaune lafiya da makwabtansu Hausawa da danginsu. == Fitattun mutane == * Late. Justice Mamman Nasir former president Court of Appeal, Kuma Galadiman Katsina daga 1992 zuwa 2019. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga shekara ta alif 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * Senator Bello Mandiya former senator representing Katsina South from 2019 to 2023. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Tsohon Vice Chancellor na [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} t4u38tade2me5djq36ur7smzzoeypm8 888458 888457 2026-07-28T11:35:43Z Mansir Yusuf 19064 888458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Malumfashi Katsina.ogg|thumb|Sautin malumfashi]] '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) ƙaramar hukuma ce acikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. Wadda ta Kunshi gundumomi guda 12 wadanda suka hada da Malumfashi A, Malumfashi B, Dayi, Dansarai, Makaurachi,Gangara, Gora, Yammama, Yaba, Marabar Kankara, Marmara,Ruwan Sanyi dakuma Karfi. Garin Malumfashi gari ne wanda akasarin mazaunansa Hausawa ne da Fulani manyan sana'oin mazauna garin sun hada da Noma, Kiwo dakuma Kasuwanci. Manoman garin sunshara wajen noman Masara, Dawa da Auduga. Sama da kaso 95% nmazauna karamar hukumar Musulmai ne mabiya Sunna.<ref>Shamsuddeen Bello an indigen of Malumfashi LGA. 23/06/2025</ref> Ƙaramar Hukumar Malumfashi ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Gwarzo ta jihar Kano daga Gabas maso kudu, Daga Gabas ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (Musawa) daga Arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (ƙankara) , daga Kudu ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar ƙafur, daga Yamma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Bakori. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da fadin kasa kimanin 674&nbsp;km² da yawan mutum 182,920 a bisa ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Abdullahi City sannan kuma Mai shari'a Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. == Yanayi gari== Lokacin zafi ya na kaiwa kimanin wata 1.9 a malumfashi, wanda yanayin zafin ya na kaiwa 95°F sannan yanayin sanyi ya na kaiwa kimanin watanni 2.7 wanda kimanin ya na kaiwa 86°F a gaba daya shekara yanayi yana caccanzawa. Lambar ofishin tura sakonni na yankin ita ce 822.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazaɓar Malumfashi/ƙafur shi ne Aminu Ibrahim ƙafur 2023 to date. Wakilin amajalissar jiha shine Aminu Ibrahim Saidu (2019 to date.<ref>"Deputy Minority Whip retains Katsina South senatorial seat". 30 March 2015.</ref> Malumfashi tana da kyakkyawar mu'amala tsakanin al'ummar kiristoci da kuma Musulmai Hausawa. Su na zaune lafiya da makwabtansu Hausawa da danginsu. == Fitattun mutane == * Late. Justice Mamman Nasir former president Court of Appeal, Kuma Galadiman Katsina daga 1992 zuwa 2019. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga shekara ta alif 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * Senator Bello Mandiya former senator representing Katsina South from 2019 to 2023. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Tsohon Vice Chancellor na [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} try4vt0rg4gku33d43t66b4maiihn4f 888459 888458 2026-07-28T11:36:01Z Mansir Yusuf 19064 888459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Malumfashi Katsina.ogg|thumb|Sautin malumfashi]] '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) ƙaramar hukuma ce acikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. Wadda ta Kunshi gundumomi guda 12 wadanda suka hada da Malumfashi A, Malumfashi B, Dayi, Dansarai, Makaurachi,Gangara, Gora, Yammama, Yaba, Marabar Kankara, Marmara,Ruwan Sanyi dakuma Karfi. Garin Malumfashi gari ne wanda akasarin mazaunansa Hausawa ne da Fulani manyan sana'oin mazauna garin sun hada da Noma, Kiwo dakuma Kasuwanci. Manoman garin sunshara wajen noman Masara, Dawa da Auduga. Sama da kaso 95% nmazauna karamar hukumar Musulmai ne mabiya Sunna.<ref>Shamsuddeen Bello an indigen of Malumfashi LGA. 23/06/2025</ref> Ƙaramar Hukumar Malumfashi ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Gwarzo ta jihar Kano daga Gabas maso kudu, Daga Gabas ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (Musawa) daga Arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar Hukumar (ƙankara) , daga Kudu ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar ƙafur, daga Yamma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Bakori. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da fadin kasa kimanin 674&nbsp;km² da yawan mutum 182,920 a bisa ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Abdullahi City sannan kuma Mai shari'a Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. == Yanayi gari== Lokacin zafi ya na kaiwa kimanin wata 1.9 a malumfashi, wanda yanayin zafin ya na kaiwa 95°F sannan yanayin sanyi ya na kaiwa kimanin watanni 2.7 wanda kimanin ya na kaiwa 86°F a gaba daya shekara yanayi yana caccanzawa. Lambar ofishin tura sakonni na yankin ita ce 822.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazaɓar Malumfashi/ƙafur shi ne Aminu Ibrahim ƙafur 2023 to date. Wakilin amajalissar jiha shine Aminu Ibrahim Saidu (2019) to date.<ref>"Deputy Minority Whip retains Katsina South senatorial seat". 30 March 2015.</ref> Malumfashi tana da kyakkyawar mu'amala tsakanin al'ummar kiristoci da kuma Musulmai Hausawa. Su na zaune lafiya da makwabtansu Hausawa da danginsu. == Fitattun mutane == * Late. Justice Mamman Nasir former president Court of Appeal, Kuma Galadiman Katsina daga 1992 zuwa 2019. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga shekara ta alif 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * Senator Bello Mandiya former senator representing Katsina South from 2019 to 2023. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Tsohon Vice Chancellor na [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} kb08p97dek9bj01e69pw25zkezpl4se 0 9293 888395 873801 2026-07-28T10:06:48Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Jpg2.Dandume.jpg|thumb]][[File:Jpg4.Dandume.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Dandume.ogg|thumb|Sautin dandume]] '''Dandume''' (ko '''Dandume''' ) karamar hukuma ce a cikin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|jihar]] [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedikwatarta kuma tana cikin garin Dandume da ke yammacin yankin. a{{Coord|11|27|30|N|7|07|37|E|region:NG_type:city}}. Tana da yanki na kimanin murabba'in kilomita (422), da yawan jama'a (145,739) a ƙidayar shekara ta 2006. Sannan kuma mutanen karamar hukumar dandume suna gudanar da ayyukan noma, kiwo dakuma kasuwanci. Mutanen ƙaramar Dandume mutane ne masu al’adu iri ɗaya. Kuma Allah ya albarkacesu da masu ilimi boko da na zamani. Kama daga mahaddata Al Qur'ani Mai girma, karatun littattafai na Hadithi, Fikihu, larabci da sauransu. Haka bangaren karatun boko ma ba'a barsu a baya ba inda suke da masu Difloma, NCE, Digiri, Mastas, PhD har da Professor. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 830.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> Karamar Hukumar [[Dandume]] ta jahar [[Katsina]] tana da Mazaɓu guda goma sha ɗaya (11) a karkashin ta (11). Ga jerin sunayen su kamar haka;<ref>https://nigeriadecide.org/polling_unit_category.php?state=Katsina&lga=Dandume</ref> # Dandume A # Dandume B # Dantankari # Magaji wando A # Magaji wando B # Mahuta A # Mahuta B # Mahuta C # Nasarawa # Tumburkai A # Tumburkai B By Yusuf Sahabi Badole == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] m80k3h3fxvmpzzswukv7bf7q8n9w0st 888396 888395 2026-07-28T10:09:49Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Jpg2.Dandume.jpg|thumb]][[File:Jpg4.Dandume.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Dandume.ogg|thumb|Sautin dandume]] '''Dandume''' (ko '''Dandume''' ) karamar hukuma ce a cikin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|jihar]] [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedikwatarta kuma tana cikin garin Dandume da ke yammacin yankin. a{{Coord|11|27|30|N|7|07|37|E|region:NG_type:city}}. Tana da yanki na kimanin murabba'in kilomita (422), da yawan jama'a (145,739) a ƙidayar shekara ta 2006. Sannan kuma mutanen karamar hukumar dandume suna gudanar da ayyukan noma, kiwo dakuma kasuwanci. Mutanen ƙaramar hukumar Dandume mutane ne masu al’adu iri ɗaya. Kuma Allah ya albarkacesu da masu ilimin boko da na zamani. Kama daga mahaddata Al Qur'ani Mai girma, karatun littattafai na Hadithi, Fikihu, larabci da sauransu. Haka bangaren karatun boko ma ba'a barsu a baya ba inda suke da masu Difloma, NCE, Digiri, Mastas, PhD har da Professor. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 830.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> Karamar Hukumar [[Dandume]] ta jahar [[Katsina]] tana da Mazaɓu guda goma sha ɗaya (11) a karkashin ta (11). Ga jerin sunayen su kamar haka;<ref>https://nigeriadecide.org/polling_unit_category.php?state=Katsina&lga=Dandume</ref> # Dandume A # Dandume B # Dantankari # Magaji wando A # Magaji wando B # Mahuta A # Mahuta B # Mahuta C # Nasarawa # Tumburkai A # Tumburkai B By Yusuf Sahabi Badole == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] 7hdr69d0vf5bd3q45w76hiuqx2d7e2i 888397 888396 2026-07-28T10:12:10Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Jpg2.Dandume.jpg|thumb]][[File:Jpg4.Dandume.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Dandume.ogg|thumb|Sautin dandume]] '''Dandume''' (ko '''Dandume''' ) karamar hukuma ce a cikin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|jihar]] [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedikwatarta kuma tana cikin garin Dandume da ke yammacin yankin. a{{Coord|11|27|30|N|7|07|37|E|region:NG_type:city}}. Tana da yanki na kimanin murabba'in kilomita (422), da yawan jama'a (145,739) a ƙidayar shekara ta 2006. Sannan kuma mutanen karamar hukumar dandume suna gudanar da ayyukan noma, kiwo dakuma kasuwanci. Mutanen ƙaramar hukumar Dandume mutane ne masu al’adu iri ɗaya. Kuma Allah ya albarkacesu da masu ilimin boko da na zamani. Kama daga mahaddata Al Qur'ani Mai girma, karatun littattafai na Hadithi, Fikihu, larabci da sauransu. Haka bangaren karatun boko ma ba'a barsu a baya ba inda suke da masu Difloma, NCE, Digiri, Mastas, PhD har da Professor. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 830.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Dandume]] ta jahar [[Katsina]] tana da Mazaɓu guda goma sha ɗaya (11) a karkashin ta (11). Ga jerin sunayen su kamar haka;<ref>https://nigeriadecide.org/polling_unit_category.php?state=Katsina&lga=Dandume</ref> # Dandume A # Dandume B # Dantankari # Magaji wando A # Magaji wando B # Mahuta A # Mahuta B # Mahuta C # Nasarawa # Tumburkai A # Tumburkai B By Yusuf Sahabi Badole == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] mr7fxtr9yhrxcz8cdl99krevpq7zq3i 888398 888397 2026-07-28T10:14:55Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Jpg2.Dandume.jpg|thumb]][[File:Jpg4.Dandume.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Dandume.ogg|thumb|Sautin dandume]] '''Dandume''' (ko '''Dandume''' ) karamar hukuma ce a cikin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|jihar]] [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedikwatarta kuma tana cikin garin Dandume da ke yammacin yankin. a{{Coord|11|27|30|N|7|07|37|E|region:NG_type:city}}. Tana da yanki na kimanin murabba'in kilomita (422), da yawan jama'a (145,739) a ƙidayar shekara ta 2006. Sannan kuma mutanen karamar hukumar dandume suna gudanar da ayyukan noma, kiwo dakuma kasuwanci. Mutanen ƙaramar hukumar Dandume mutane ne masu al’adu iri ɗaya. Kuma Allah ya albarkacesu da masu ilimin boko da na zamani. Kama daga mahaddata Al Qur'ani Mai girma, karatun littattafai na Hadithi, Fikihu, larabci da sauransu. Haka bangaren karatun boko ma ba'a barsu a baya ba inda suke da masu Difloma, NCE, Digiri, Mastas, PhD har da Professor. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 830.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Dandume]] ta jahar [[Katsina]] tana da Mazaɓu guda goma sha ɗaya (11) a ƙarƙashin ta (11). Ga jerin sunayen su kamar haka;<ref>https://nigeriadecide.org/polling_unit_category.php?state=Katsina&lga=Dandume</ref> # Dandume A # Dandume B # Dantankari # Magaji wando A # Magaji wando B # Mahuta A # Mahuta B # Mahuta C # Nasarawa # Tumburkai A # Tumburkai B By Yusuf Sahabi Badole == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] 03yoak39akg7xkj6d70f130dqzcfgta 0 9297 888449 518898 2026-07-28T11:04:01Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Danja''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce da ke a [[Jihar Katsina]], Arewa maso yammacin ƙasan [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]]. ==Tarihi== An ƙirƙiri [[Danja]] ne a shekarar 27/9/1991 An fiddata ne a daga cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Bakori]] Jihar [[Katsina]], Ɗanja garin jajaye in kaga baƙi, baƙo ne, marmara ci ‘yar uwar ki ki kwana<ref name=":0">Tarihi, Hukumar Binciken. (1996). ''Danwaire : gwanki sha bara''. Hukumar Binciken Tarihi da Kyautata Al'adu ta Jihar Katsina. Katsina: [Dab'in Lamp?]. p.25 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-2105-93-7|978-2105-93-7]]. </ref>. Akwai saɓani mai yawa tsakanin masana, game da ainihin wanda ya fara kafa garin Danja. Ance wani bamaguje ne mai suna ɗanjakau wanda ƙwararren manomi ne kuma maharbi wanda ya gina rijiya mai zurfin gaske fiye da ƙafa arba’in da shida<ref name=":0" />, sannan kuma ance ja ne, daga garin ɗanja ya kafa wannan garin. A wani ƙaulin kuma har wa yau ance wani mutum ne mai suna ɗanja, ya kafa garin<ref name=":0" />. A zamanin sarkin Ɗanja Duna, ya kori dukkan maguzawan dake cikin garin Ɗanja, shi kuma ya gina ganuwar garin<ref name=":1">Tarihi, Hukumar Binciken. (1996). ''Danwaire : gwanki sha bara''. Hukumar Binciken Tarihi da Kyautata Al'adu ta Jihar Katsina. Katsina: [Dab'in Lamp?]. p.26 [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-2105-93-7|978-2105-93-7]].</ref>. Tarihi ya nuna cewa kwararrafa taci garin Danja da yaƙi wanda daga nan ne mutane daga wurare daban daban kamar mutanen Likorobda Wazata daga ƙasar Zazzau daga Kagoro, daga Kagora da Bare-bari daga gobirawa da Kanawa suka kafa unguwannin su a wurare daban-daban wanda ta hakan aka samu unguwar kanawa, unguwar fulani, da unguwar gobirawa, da unguwar kagora, unguwar bare-bari da sauransu a garin Ɗanja<ref name=":1" />. Bayan jihadin Shehu Usman Dan-fodiyo, an samu zaman lafiya a dukkan ƙasashen hausa da bunƙasar kasuwanci dalilin musulunci da kuma ƙarin yawan garuruwa<ref name=":1" />. A lokacin sarkin katsina Muhammad Dikkko ne aka fara gina yar ganuwar Ɗanja, kuma canza wa kofofin suna zuwa kofar Arewa, kudu, yamma da Gabas<ref name=":1" />. Daga cikin abubuwan tarihin garin Ɗanja sun haɗa da rijiyar Ɗanja da Ɗanja ya gina, sannan akwai rijiyar Duhu wanda idan dare yayi za’ayi ta jin kiɗa na tasowa daga cikinta saboda wannan dalilin ba mai ƙara zuwa bakin rijiyar da zarar magariba ta yi. Shi kansa kabarin Ɗanja yana nan a gindin wata giginya kan tsauni dake tsakanin Ɗanja zuwa Dabai<ref name=":2">Tarihi, Hukumar Binciken. (1996). ''Danwaire : gwanki sha bara''. Hukumar Binciken Tarihi da Kyautata Al'adu ta Jihar Katsina. Katsina: [Dab'in Lamp?]. p.27. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-2105-93-7|978-2105-93-7]]. </ref>. Sannan akwai wata kuka mai kogo a ƙofar yamma inda ake haƙo ƙarfen tama don ƙera makaman yaƙi da gyara su tun kafin jihadin Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodio<ref name=":2" />. ==Kasuwa== A shekara ta 1903 aka buɗe kasuwar Ɗanja kuma an buɗe fulotin sayan auduga a 1913. Wanda a wannan shekarar har wa yau aka samo gundumar Ɗanja, aka naɗa “’iya labaran” matsayin hakimin ɗanja a 1914<ref name=":2" /> An kafa kamfanin buredin “bega” a 1918. A shekarar 1921 kuma aka gina kurkuku da makarantar elementary. Har wa yau an gina rijiyar kwakware a 1946. An gina hanyar ɗanja zuwa bakori a 1947 sannan aka gina ɗanja zuwa zariya a 1951. An buɗe asibitin zamani a ɗanja a 1956. NTC ta buɗe ofishin ta ta kuma gonar taba a ɗanja shekara ta 1962. A garin ɗanja kuma aka gina kamfanin mazarkwaila na farko a duk fadin garin Katsina. Har ila yau dai akwai fim na “baban larai” wanda yayi suna a ƙasar hausa, anyi shine a ɗanja wanda ‘iya iro ne magajin farko da ya fara hawa babur a duk katsina. A shekarar 1977 aka bunkasa babbban asibitin ɗanja ya zama babban asibiti. Haka kuma nayi hanyar bakori zuwa ɗanja wacce ta zarce zuwa hunkuyi har ta hadu da titin zariya 1978. A 1974 aka bude “sito da ofishin DI’o’” na frojet a shekara ta 1980. Gundumar ɗanja ta samu zama ƙaramar hukuma a ranar 24 ga watan satumba a 1991<ref name=":3" />. Tarihin sarautar ɗanja da masana suka nuna ya fara daga lokacin da akai wa ɗanja Ganuwa a 1913 aka taro makaman Katsina Iya Labaran ya fara zama Hakimin Ɗanja. Sai kuma Makama Idi (1928 - 1938) wanda ya zauna a Bakori, sannan an samu canjin suna daga Iya zuwa Makama daga lokacin Makama Idi, Bayan shekara ta 1939 aka koma ana kirar sarautar Ɗanja Sarkin Fulani. Daga 1992 har wa yau bayan ƙirƙiro gundumar Ɗanja aka canza sunan sarautar zuwa Sarkin Kudun Katsina<ref name=":3">Tarihi, Hukumar Binciken. (1996). ''Danwaire : gwanki sha bara''. Hukumar Binciken Tarihi da Kyautata Al'adu ta Jihar Katsina. Katsina: [Dab'in Lamp?]. pp.27-28. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-2105-93-7|978-2105-93-7]]. .</ref>. ==Sarauta== Ga jerin sunayen wasu daga cikin sarakunan ɗanja. Sun haɗa da; {| class="wikitable" |+ Sarakuna da shekarun da sukai mulki |- ! Suna !! Hawa mulki !! Barin mulki |- | Makaman Katsina Iya Labaran || 1914 || 1928 |- | Makaman Katsina Idi || 1928 || 1938 |- | Sarkin Fulani Ibrahim || 1939 || 1953 |- | Sarkin Fulani Muntari || 1953 || 1956 |- | Sarkin Fulani Usman || 1956 || 1987 |- | Sarkin Fulani Abubakar Sadiq || 1987 || 1991 |- | Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Yazid Sadiq || 1991 || Zuwa yau<ref>Tarihi, Hukumar Binciken. (1996). ''Danwaire : gwanki sha bara''. Hukumar Binciken Tarihi da Kyautata Al'adu ta Jihar Katsina. Katsina: [Dab'in Lamp?]. p.29. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-2105-93-7|978-2105-93-7]]. .</ref> |} == Biblio == Tarihi, Hukumar Binciken. (1996). ''Danwaire : gwanki sha bara''. Hukumar Binciken Tarihi da Kyautata al'adu ta Jihar Katsina. Katsina: [Dab'in Lamp?]. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-2105-93-7|978-2105-93-7]]. OCLC 59226530. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Katsina]] {{Ƙananan Hukumomin Jihar Katsina}} ota71iytz0nczat2fkcrepn90kc1sqi 0 9307 888324 882569 2026-07-27T22:24:35Z M Bash Ne 12403 888324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ibrahim Hassan Dan kwambo''' An haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan [https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/april Afrilu]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://freedomradionig.com/shugaba-tinubu-ya-ayyana-7-ga-afrilu-a-matsayin-ranar-%25C6%25B4an-sanda/&ved=2ahUKEwiX-v3r8vaGAxUiBNsEHds-AEMQxfQBKAB6BAgREAI&usg=AOvVaw1kwb9nMn_LyZAEbakgG-ZL</nowiki></ref> a shekarar 1962 a unguwar [[Herwagana]] dake garin [[Gombe]] <ref>https://m.guardian.ng/tag/alhaji-ibrahim-hassan-dankwambo/</ref>. [[Dan Nijeriya|Ɗan Najeriya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=</nowiki>https://www.channelstv.com/2024/06/25/nigerias-women-4x100m-team-win-gold/amp/&ved=2ahUKEwioyarE8_aGAxVYQvEDHVz9CnEQyM8BKAB6BAgUEAE&usg=AOvVaw1vTeeHAdpJwmf5ncXygCAK</ref> ne, kuma [[Ɗan siyasa]] wanda shine tshohon gwamnan [[Jihar Gombe]], dake [[Arewacin Najeriya|arewacin]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]]. Kuma tsohon Accountant General na ƙasa. <ref>https://ng.opera.news/tags/ibrahim-hassan-dankwambo{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa da Karatun sa == Ya kammala karatun digiri ɗin sa na farko a [[jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] dake [[Zariya]] a shekarar alif da ɗari tara da tamanin da biyar (1985), inda ya karanci Accounting. Baya ga haka ya samu nasarar kammala karatun sa na Masters a fannin Economic a [[Legas|Jami'ar Legas]] a shekara ta (1994).<ref><nowiki>https://www.cbn.gov.ng/aboutcbn/TheBoard.asp?Biodata=dankwambo&Name=Alhaji+Ibrahim+Hassan+Dankwambo,+OON</nowiki></ref> Sannan ya kammala PhD ɗinsa a fannin Accounting a [[Jami'ar Igbinedion]].<ref><nowiki>http://thenationonlineng.net/gov-dankwambo-bags-phd-igbinedion-varsity/</nowiki></ref> Ya fara aikinsa da Coopers & Lybrand a shekarar (1985), sannan yayi aiki da [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] daga shekara ta 1988 zuwa 1999. A wancan lokacin ne aka sanya shi akaunta janar (Accountant General) na jahar Gombe, ya riƙe wannan matsayi har shekarar dubu biyu da biyar (2005).<ref><nowiki>http://sunday.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5720:day-ibrahim-hassan-dankwambos-home-coming-turned-carnival&catid=16:community-news-pyramid-trust&Itemid=28</nowiki></ref> Ya riƙe wannan ofishin har sanda ya ajiye saboda ya fara neman takarar sa ta kujerar Gwamnan jihar Gombe a watan junairun shekara ta dubu biyu da sha ɗaya (2011).<ref><nowiki>http://sunday.dailytrust.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5720:day-ibrahim-hassan-dankwambos-home-coming-turned-carnival&catid=16:community-news-pyramid-trust&Itemid=28</nowiki></ref> == Siyasa == Ibrahim Dankwambo ya samu nasarar lashe zaben gwamna a jihar [[Gombe]] a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu a shekara dubu biyu da shaɗaya, 2011. Ya lashe zaɓen ne da ƙuri'u 596,481 inda ya mawa Alhaji Abubakar Aliyu na jami'ar [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Progressives_Congress APC] fintakau wanda yake da ƙuri'u 91,781 da sanata Sa'idu Umar Kumo na jam'iyyar [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Nigeria_Peoples_Party ANPP] mai ƙuri'u 84,959.<ref><nowiki>http://allafrica.com/stories/201104280577.html</nowiki></ref> [[Fayil:Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo.jpg|thumb|Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo]] Yana kan karagar mulki ne, Dankwambo ya rasa mataimakin sa, David Miyims Albashi, wanda ya rasu a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha ɗaya (2011) a asibitin Jamani yayin jinya da yakeyi saboda hatsarin mota a ranar 28 a watan Agusta shekarar 2011.<ref><nowiki>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/11/gombe-state-deputy-governor-passes-on/</nowiki></ref> A 17 ga watan Disamban shekara ta dubu biyu da shaɗaya, 2011, Dankwambo ya sanya Tha'anda Rubainu a matsayin mataimakin Gwamnan.<ref><nowiki>https://t.guardian.ng/slide/governor-ibrahim-dankwambo-of-gombe-state-lmiddle-with-the-deputy-mr-tha-anda-rubainu-right-and-director-general-of-his-campaign-organisation-at-a-campaign-in-kaltungo-on-january-4-2015/</nowiki></ref> Bayan sake zaɓen sa na shekarar 2015, Charles Yau shine ya kasance mataimakin Gwamna har ya zuwa ƙarshen tenuwan sa na biyu a shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha tara, 2019.<ref><nowiki>https://dailytrust.com/deputy-governors-series-6</nowiki></ref> Shine jigon jam'iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] a jahar Gombe kuma ɗan takarar sanatan Gombe ta arewa a zaɓen da za'a gabatar a shekarar 2023.<ref><nowiki>https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/dankwambo-is-gombe-north-pdp-senatorial-candidate/</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/23/2023-dankwambo-picks-pdp-gombe-north-senatorial-ticket/</nowiki></ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT: Dankwambo, Hassan Ibrahim}} [[Category: Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Category: Gwamnonin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category: Mutanen Nijeriya]] [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Hausawa]] tc3js9my183j1b3lv1xqty3j1lxd9sh 0 10164 888112 888043 2026-07-27T15:28:12Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888112 wikitext text/x-wiki Ề{{Mukala mai kyau}}{{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar [[ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Arsenal''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙwararrun [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] da ke zaune a Islington, Arewacin London, Ingila. Suna fafatawa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], matakin farko na kwallon kafa na Ingila. A cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida, Arsenal ta lashe lambobin league 13 (ciki har da lambar yabo guda ɗaya da ba a ci ba), rikodin Kofin FA 14, Kofin League 2, 17 FA Community Shields da kuma Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. A cikin Kwallon ƙafa na Turai, sun lashe kofin Turai guda ɗaya da kuma kofin Inter-Cities Fairs guda ɗaya. Dangane da kyaututtuka da aka samu, ita ce kulob na uku mafi nasara a kwallon kafa na Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal FC – history, facts and records |url=https://www.footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925230002/https://footballhistory.org/club/arsenal.html |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=footballhistory.org}}</ref> Arsenal ita ce kulob din farko daga kudancin Ingila da ta shiga gasar kwallon kafa acikin shekara ta 1893, a hukumance ta shiga ƙungiyar farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Arsenal tana ɗaukar matsayi mafi tsawo a cikin rukunin farko (sama da shekaru 105 da ƙidaya) kuma ta kammala ƙarni na 20 tare da matsayi mafi girma na kowane kulob.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a tarihin kwallon ƙafa na Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1930, Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun League biyar da kofin FA guda biyu, tare da wani kofin FA da wasu kofin biyu da suka zo bayan yakin. A cikin shekara ta 1970-zuwa ciki shekara ta 1971, ta lashe gasar League da FA Cup sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1989 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2005, kulob din ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai biyar da kofin FA guda biyar, ciki har da karin sau biyu. Tsakanin shekara ta 1998 da 2017, Arsenal ta cancanci [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] don rikodin kwallon kafa na Ingila na shekaru goma sha tara a jere.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dawson |first=Alan |title=Here's how much money Arsenal has lost after failing to qualify for the Champions League |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417140419/https://www.businessinsider.com/arsenal-will-lose-50-million-if-the-club-fail-to-qualify-for-the-champions-league-2017-5 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1886, ma'aikatan makamai a Royal Arsenal a Woolwich sun kafa kulob din a matsayin Dial Square . A shekara ta 1913, kulob din ya it birnin zuwa [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury, ya zama makwabta na kusa da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], don haka ya haifar da wasan derby na Arewacin London. Herbert Chapman ya lashe kulob din azurfa na farko, kuma abin da ya bari ya ba da damar yin amfani da ganima a cikin shekarun 1930. Ya taimaka wajen gabatar da tsarin WM, fitilu, da Lambobin rigar; <ref name="Herbert Chapman Hall of Fame">{{Cite web |title=Herbert Chapman |url=http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418113836/http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/halloffame/herbert-chapman |archive-date=18 April 2016 |access-date=20 March 2016 |publisher=National Football Museum}}</ref> ya kuma kara fararen hannayen hannu da ja mai haske ga rigar kulob din. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711145624/http://historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=11 July 2020 |access-date=11 July 2020 |website= |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> Arsène Wenger shine kocin kulob din da ya fi dadewa kuma ya lashe mafi yawan kyaututtuka. Ya lashe kofin FA guda bakwai, kuma tawagarsa ta uku kuma ta karshe da ta lashe lambar yabo ta kafa rikodin Ingila don mafi tsawo acikin wasanni 49 tsakanin shekara ta 2003 dakuma cikin shekara ta 2004, yana karɓar laƙabi The Invincibles . Acikin shekara ta 2006, kulob din ya koma Filin wasa na Emirates da ke kusa. Tare da kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na £ 616.6m a cikin kakar wasa ta cikin shekara ta 2023-zuwa cikin shekara ta 2024, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-28 |title=Financial Results |url=https://www.arsenal.com/the-club/corporate-info/arsenal-holdings-financial-results |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Financial Results |language=en}}</ref> ''Forbes'' ta kiyasta Arsenal ta kai dala biliyan 3.4, yana mai da ita kulob din kwallon kafa na takwas mafi daraja a duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal on the Forbes Soccer Team Valuations List |url=https://www.forbes.com/teams/arsenal/ |access-date=2025-09-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> yayin da kuma kasancewa daya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin wasanni da aka fi bi a duniya a kan [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]]. Taken kulob din shine ''Victoria Concordia Crescit'', Latin don "Victory Through Harmony". == Tarihi == === 1886-1912: Dial Square zuwa Royal Arsenal === [[Fayil:Arsenal_1888_squad_photo.jpg|thumb|Royal Arsenal tawaga ne a cikin shekara ta 1888. Kyaftin din asali David Danskin yana zaune a hannun dama na benci.]] Acikin watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1886, dan kasar Scotland David Danskin da abokan aikin makamai goma sha biyar a Woolwich sun kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Dial Square, mai suna bayan wani bita a tsakiyar Royal Arsenal. Kowane memba ya ba da gudummawa shida, kuma Danskin ya kara shillings uku don taimakawa wajen kafa kulob din.<ref name="dialsquare">{{Cite web |title='Royal Arsenal' formed in Woolwich |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725142641/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/-royal-arsenal-formed-in-woolwich |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=2 November 2018 |website=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [bayanin 1] Dial Square ta buga wasan farko a ranar 11 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1886 a kan Eastern Wanderers kuma ta ci 6-0. An sake sunan kulob din Royal Arsenal acikin watan Janairun shekara ta 1887,<ref name="Royal Arsenal name">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=13 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Royal Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501065626/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7726 |archive-date=1 May 2015 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> kuma gidansa na farko shi ne Plumstead Common, kodayake sun shafe mafi yawan lokutan su suna wasa a Manor Ground.{{Sfn|Masters|1995}} Kyaututtuka na farko da suka samu sune Kent Senior Cup da London Charity Cup acikin shekara ta 1889-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1890 da London Senior Cup acikin shekara ta 1890-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1891; waɗannan su ne kawai kyaututtuka da Arsenal ta samu a lokacin da suke a Kudu maso Gabashin London.<ref name="FirstCountyCup">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=7 March 2012 |title=121 Years ago today – Royal Arsenal's last trophy " The History of Arsenal |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605041507/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3154 |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk}}</ref> Acikin shekara ta 1891, Royal Arsenal ya zama kulob din farko na London da ya zama kwararre.<ref name="TurnProfessional">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=9 May 2017 |title=Royal Arsenal FC Turn Professional – The Truth |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923114343/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14579 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |access-date=23 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> An sake sunan Royal Arsenal a karo na biyu bayan ya zama kamfani mai iyaka a cikin shekara ta 1893. Sun yi rajistar sabon sunansu, Woolwich Arsenal, tare da Kungiyar kwallon kafa lokacin da kulob din ya hau daga baya a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly I |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=20 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Woolwich Arsenal |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205024313/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7728 |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=11 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> : 5-21 Woolwich Arsenal ita ce ta farko a kudancin kungiyar kwallon kafa, ta fara ne a rukuni na biyu kuma ta kai rukuni na farko acikin shekara ta 1904. Rashin halartar taron, saboda matsalolin kudi tsakanin ma'aikatan makamai da isowar kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da suka fi dacewa a wasu wurare a cikin birni, ya jagoranci kulob din kusa da fatarar kuɗi acikin shekara ta 1910. <ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Sally |date=December 2007 |title=Woolwich Arsenal 1910 – the arrival of Hall and Norris |url=http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410074122/http://www.wrightanddavis.co.uk/Norris/SLWA10.html |archive-date=10 April 2016 |access-date=11 July 2016 |website=wrightanddavis.co.uk}}</ref> : 112-149 'Yan kasuwa Henry Norris da William Hall sun shiga cikin kulob din, kuma sun nemi su motsa su zuwa wani wuri.<ref name="arsenal2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=12 April 2017 |title=Did Henry Norris Really Buy Arsenal? |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422072349/http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=14520 |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=24 September 2017 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> ===A shekara 1912 zuwa 1925: Bankin Ingila kulob din === Acikin shekara ta 1913, ba da daɗewa ba bayan sake komawa zuwa Sashe na Biyu, kulob din ya koma haye kogi zuwa sabon [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] a Highbury.<ref name="Kay">{{Cite journal |last=Kay |first=Joyce |year=2008 |title=It Wasn't Just Emily Davison! Sport, Suffrage and Society in Edwardian Britain |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360802212271 |url-status=live |journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport |volume=25 |issue=10 |pages=1343–1346 |doi=10.1080/09523360802212271 |issn=0952-3367 |s2cid=154063364 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917130504/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09523360802212271 |archive-date=17 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2021 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Club moves from Woolwich to Highbury |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927195634/https://www.arsenal.com/history/laying-the-foundations/club-moves-from-woolwich-to-highbury |archive-date=27 September 2021 |access-date=27 September 2021 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1919, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta kada kuri'a don inganta Arsenal, maimakon masu adawa da gida [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], a cikin sabon rukunin farko, duk da kammala na biyar a cikin rukunin na biyu na karshe kafin yakin da akayi acikin shekara ta 1914-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1915. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Arsenal ta fara sauke "The" a cikin takardun hukuma, a hankali ta sauya sunanta a karo na karshe zuwa Arsenal, kamar yadda aka fi sani a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |last2=Andrews |first2=Mark |date=30 January 2014 |title=How Arsenal's Name Changed – Arsenal F.C. |url=http://www.thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806204052/http://thearsenalhistory.com/?p=7732 |archive-date=6 August 2015 |access-date=12 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> [[Fayil:Herbert_Chapman_bust_20050922.jpg|right|thumb|Wani tagulla na Herbert Chapman yana tsaye a cikin Filin wasa na Emirates.]] === 1925-1934: Gunners na Herbert Chapman === Yanayin Arsenal da kuma kyautar albashin da aka bayar ya ja hankalin tauraruwar Huddersfield Town Herbert Chapman acikin shekarar 1925. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, Chapman ya gina sabon Arsenal na juyin juya hali. Da farko, ya nada sabon mai horar da shi, Tom Whittaker wanda wata rana zai tashi ya zama sanannen manajan Arsenal da kansa.{{Sfn|Whittaker|Peskett|1957}} Tare da taimakon mai kunnawa Charlie Buchan, ya aiwatar da tsarin WM wanda zai zama tushen tushe ga kayan aikinsa.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Charlie Buchan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last3=Jonathan Wilson (writer)}}</ref> Ya kuma kama matasa masu basira kamar Cliff Bastin da Eddie Hapgood, yayin da yake ba da babbar kudin shiga ta Highbury a kan taurari kamar David Jack da Alex James. === 1934-1947: Shaw, Allison da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === Mutuwar Chapman tana nufin aikin ya bar wa abokan aikinsa Joe Shaw da George Allison, tare da dukansu sun tabbatar da kasancewa masu basira da cikakkun masu kula da ƙungiyar Chapman ta Arsenal, suna ganin hat-trick na nasarar league tare da lakabi na cikin shekara ta 1933-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1934,sannan acikin shekara ta 1934-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1935, da kuma acikin shekara ta kofin fA hakan tafaru ne acikin shekara ta 1937-zuwa cikin shekara ta 1938, sannan kuma sun ci gaba lashe Kofin FA na cikin shekara ta 1936. <ref>{{Cite webda |title=Joe Shaw |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722210145/http://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEshawJ.htm |archive-date=22 July 2017 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=George Allison |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128085228/https://www.spartacus-educational.com/ARSENALallison.htm |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=2023-10-01 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> === 1947-1962: Gunners na Tom Whittaker === Duk da wannan lokacin tashin hankali da rikici, Arsenal ta dawo don lashe gasar a karo na biyu bayan yakin da akayi acikin shekara ta 1947-zuwa cikin shakara ta 1948. Wannan shine kakar wasa ta farko ta Tom Whittaker a matsayin kocin, kuma yana nufin kulob din ya daidaita da rikodin zakaran Ingila.<ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref> Whittaker, duk da halin da yake da shi na tawali'u da tawali'unsa, ana kiransa "ƙwaƙwalwa" a bayan sanannen kungiyar Arsenal ta Chapman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Whittaker |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422190134/https://spartacus-educational.com/ARSEwhittaker.htm |archive-date=22 April 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2015 |title=How did Tom Whittaker get Chapman to believe in him, and other anniversaries – The History of Arsenal |url=https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923022652/https://blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/12161 |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tara ƙungiyar Arsenal mai cin nasara kuma mai ƙwarewa sosai duk da ƙarancin albarkatu, tare da salon wuta da faɗaɗa wanda ya haifar da babbar murya a lokacin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> === 1962-1984: Billy Wright, Bertie Mee da Terry Neill === [[Fayil:Alan_Ball_and_Bertie_Mee.png|thumb|Alan Ball (hagu) da Bertie Mee (wanda ya jagoranci Arsenal zuwa sau biyu na farko acikin shekara ta 1971), wanda aka zana acikin shekara ta 1972]] Arsenal ba za ta lashe League ko FA Cup ba har tsawon shekaru 18. Kungiyar '53 Champions ta tsufa, kuma kulob din ya kasa jawo hankalin masu karfi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post-War Arsenal&nbsp;– Overview |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302080424/http://www.arsenal.com/history/post-war-arsenal/post-war-arsenal-overview |archive-date=2 March 2009 |access-date=27 November 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Kodayake Arsenal sun kasance masu gasa a cikin waɗannan shekarun, dukiyarsu ta ragu; kulob din ya shafe mafi yawan shekarun cikin shekara ta 1950 da 1960 a tsakiyar tebur.{{Sfn|Sowman|Wilson|2016}} Ko da tsohon kyaftin din Ingila Billy Wright bai iya kawo kulob din wani nasara ba a matsayin kocin, a cikin wani lokaci tsakanin shekara ta 1962 dakuma cikin shakara ta 1966. === 1984-1996: Arsenal na George Graham === [[Fayil:Tony_Adams_Statue.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton [[Tony Adams]] a waje da Filin wasa na Emirates]] Ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara sau biyu na Mee, George Graham, ya dawo a matsayin kocin a shekarar 1986, tare da Arsenal ta lashe kofin League na farko acikin shekara ta 1987, kakar farko ta Graham a matsayin mai kula. Sabbin sa hannu Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon da Steve Bould sun shiga kulob din acikin shekarar 1988 don kammala "mashahurin Back Four", karkashin jagorancin dan wasan gida [[Tony Adams]]. [bayanin 3] Ka'idar Graham na ba da fifiko ga ƙwarewar tsaro da alama ta yi karo da al'adun gargajiya na kulob din a kusa da kwallon kafa, kuma mutane da yawa suna da shakku ko zai yi aiki tare da matasa a kulob din din a wannan lokacin; duk da haka, hanyoyinsa da sauri sun sami addini bayan nasarorin farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2017 |title=Graham's Glory Years |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611174653/https://www.arsenal.com/history/grahams-glory-years/graham-s-glory-years-overview |archive-date=11 June 2023 |access-date=1 October 2023 |website=Graham's Glory Years}}</ref> === 1996-2018: Shekaru na Arsene Wenger === [[Fayil:GoldInvinciblesTrophy.jpg|alt=|thumb|Bayan kammala kakar Premier League guda daya da ba a ci nasara ba, an ba da kyautar zinare ta musamman ga Arsenal.]] Kungiyar ta canza a lokacin mulkin kocin Faransa Arsène Wenger, wanda aka nada a watan Oktoban shekara ta 1996. Harin kwallon kafa, sake fasalin abinci da ayyukan motsa jiki, da kuma ƙwararrun 'yan kallo [bayanin 5] sun bayyana mulkinsa. Tattara manyan 'yan wasa daga [[Faransa|ƙasarsu]] Wenger, kamar [[Patrick Vieira]] da [[Thierry Henry]], Arsenal ta lashe gasar League da Kofin sau biyu ne acikin shekara ta 1997-98 da na uku acikin shekara ta 2001-02. Bugu da kari, kulob din ya kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 1999-zuwa ciki shekara ta 2000, sun ci nasara a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 2003 da 2005, kuma sun lashe gasar Firimiya a 2003-04 ba tare da rasa wasa daya ba, nasarar da ta ba kungiyar sunan laƙabi "The Invincibles". Wannan nasarar ta zo ne a cikin wasanni 49 da ba a ci nasara ba daga 7 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2003 zuwa ranar 24 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2004, rikodin ƙasa. === 2018-yanzu: Juyin halitta na bayan Wenger === Bayan gudanar da gyare-gyare a cikin tsarin aiki na kulob din don ya dace da tashiwar Wenger, an kira Mutanen Espanya [[Unai Emery]] a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din a ranar 23 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2018. Ya zama 'kocin kocin' na farko da kuma kocin na biyu daga wajen Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unai Emery announced as new Arsenal head coach |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041448/http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/11382525/arsenal-confirm-appointment-of-unai-emery-as-new-head-coach |archive-date=26 May 2018 |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2023 |title=Welcome Unai |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523102932/https://www.arsenal.com/news/welcome-unai |archive-date=23 May 2018 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta farko ta Emery, Arsenal ta kammala ta biyar a gasar Firimiya kuma a matsayin ta biyu a gasar Europa League.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League Tables 2018/19 |url=https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217125722/https://www.premierleague.com/tables?co=1&se=210&ha=-1 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=Premier League}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2019 |title=Chelsea win the 2019 UEFA Europa League |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0251-0e9ce2d466b4-6403225af104-1000--chelsea-win-the-2019-uefa-europa-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215024306/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/newsid=2604835.html |archive-date=15 December 2019 |access-date=14 September 2019 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2019, an sallami Emery a matsayin kocin kuma tsohon dan wasa da mataimakin kocin tawagar farko [[Freddie Ljungberg]] an nada shi a matsayin koci na wucin gadi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=Arsenal sack Emery after worst run in 27 years |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129155717/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/3999924/arsenal-sack-emery-after-worst-run-for-27-years-ljungberg-named-caretaker-manager |archive-date=29 November 2019 |access-date=29 November 2019 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, Arsenal ta nada tsohon kyaftin din kulob din [[Mikel Arteta]] a matsayin sabon kocin. Arsenal ta gama acikin shekara ta 2019-zuwa cikin shakara ta 2020 a matsayi na takwas, mafi ƙasƙanci tun daga cikin shakara ta 1994-zuwa cikin shakara ta 1995, amma ya doke Chelsea 2-1-1 don samun nasarar cin Kofin FA na 14 . Bayan kakar, an canza taken Arteta daga kocin zuwa manajan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2020 |title=Arsenal change Arteta role as part of restructure |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114085210/https://www.espn.com/soccer/arsenal/story/4178032/arsenal-change-arteta-to-manager-from-coach-as-part-of-restructuring-at-club |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2021, an sanar da Arsenal a matsayin kulob din da ya kafa gasar Turai mai suna The Super League; sun janye daga gasar kwana biyu bayan haka a cikin kuskuren duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Super League |url=https://thesuperleague.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418235123/https://www.thesuperleague.com/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=thesuperleague.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta gama kakar ne acikin shekara ta 2020-har zuwa cikin shakara ta 2021 a matsayi na takwas kuma, ba ta cancanci gasar Turai ba a karo na farko cikin shekaru 26.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title=Arsenal fails to qualify for Europe for 1st time in 25 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209191234/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/english-premier-league/arsenal-fails-to-qualify-for-europe-for-1st-time-in-25-years-7327569/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Acikin kakar bayan (2021-22), Arteta ta tara ƙaramin rukuni a gasar Firimiya tare da matsakaicin shekaru 24 da kwanaki 308 - fiye da shekara guda ƙarami fiye da tawagar ta gaba.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |url=https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026143444/https://www.arsenal.com/premier-league-stats-review-emirates-stadium-attendance-goals-appearances |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=Our 2021/22 season in numbers |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Adam |date=24 May 2022 |title=Premier League: Top trends revealed for the 2021/22 season |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128184759/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12611391/premier-league-top-trends-revealed-for-the-2021-22-season |archive-date=28 November 2022 |access-date=9 September 2024 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Sun gama a matsayi na biyar a gasar Firimiya a wannan shekarar, kuma sun cancanci gasar UEFA === Masu samar da kayan aiki da masu tallafawa rigar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Kayan Arsenal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527155718/http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Arsenal/Arsenal.htm |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=27 January 2022 |publisher=Historical Football Kits}}</ref> !Lokacin !Mai ƙera kayan aiki !Mai tallafawa Shirt (kashin kai) !Mai tallafawa Shirt (wandan hannu) |- |1886–1930 |Ba a san shi ba | rowspan="3" |Babu | rowspan="10" |Babu |- |1930–1970 |Bukta |- |1971–1981 | rowspan="2" |Umbro |- |1981–1986 | rowspan="3" |JVC |- |1986–1994 |[[Adidas]] |- |1994–1999 | rowspan="4" |Nike |- |1999–2002 |Dreamcast Sega<br /> |- |2002–2006 |O2 |- |2006–2014 | rowspan="5" |[[Emirates]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emirates and Arsenal Renew Sponsorship Deal |url=https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714222642/https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-and-arsenal-renew-sponsorship-deal |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=www.emirates.com}}</ref> |- |2014–2018 | rowspan="2" |Puma |- |2018–2019 | rowspan="2 " |Ziyarar Rwanda<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal partner with 'Visit Rwanda' |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802014646/https://www.arsenal.com/news/club-welcomes-visit-rwanda-new-partner |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=23 May 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2019–2026 | rowspan="3" |[[Adidas]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adidas and Arsenal launch new home kit |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701174645/https://www.arsenal.com/news/adidas-and-arsenal-launch-new-home-kit |archive-date=1 July 2019 |access-date=1 July 2019 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> |- |2026– |Deel, Inc. |- |} == Filin wasa == [[Fayil:Manor_Ground,_Woolwich_Arsenal_vs._Everton.jpg|right|thumb|Manor Ground, Woolwich Arsenal vs. [[Everton FC|Everton]]]] Kafin ya shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, Arsenal ta taka leda a takaice a Plumstead Common, sannan a Manor Ground a Plumste, sannan ya shafe shekaru uku tsakanin 1890 da 1893 a kusa da Invicta Ground. Bayan shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya koma Manor Ground kuma ya shigar da dakuna da terrace, yana inganta shi daga filin wasa kawai. Arsenal ta ci gaba da buga wasanninsu na gida a can na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa (tare da banbanci biyu a kakar 1894-95), har zuwa lokacin da suka koma arewacin London a 1913. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Simon Inglis}}</ref> An fi sani da Highbury, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]] shine gidan kulob din daga Satumba 1913 har zuwa Mayu 2006. Mashahurin masanin ƙwallon ƙafa Archibald Leitch ne ya tsara filin wasan na asali, kuma yana da ƙirar da ta saba da yawancin filin ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa a Burtaniya a lokacin, tare da ɗaki ɗaya da aka rufe da bankunan iska guda uku.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}</ref> An ba da cikakken filin wasan babban gyare-gyare a cikin shekarun 1930: an gina sabon Art Deco West da East, an buɗe shi a cikin 1932 da 1936 bi da bi, kuma an kara rufin zuwa filin Arewacin Bank, wanda aka jefa bam a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma ba a dawo da shi ba har zuwa 1954. <ref name="conservation_plan" /> Highbury na iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 60,000 a mafi girma, kuma yana da damar 57,000 har zuwa farkon shekarun 1990. Rahoton Taylor da ka'idojin Premier League sun tilasta wa Arsenal ta canza Highbury zuwa filin wasa mai cike da kujeru a lokacin kakar 1993-94, don haka rage damar zuwa masu kallo 38,419 da ke zaune.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Highbury |url=http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111223345/http://www.arsenal.com/article.asp?thisNav=The+Club&article=344883&Title=Highbury |archive-date=11 January 2008 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Dole ne a kara rage wannan damar a lokacin wasannin [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] don karɓar ƙarin allon talla, don haka don lokutan biyu, daga 1998 zuwa 2000, Arsenal ta buga wasannin gida na gasar zakaruna a Wembley, wanda zai iya ɗaukar masu kallo sama da 70,000. [[Fayil:Arsenal_Stadium_interior_North_Bank.jpg|alt=A grandstand at a sports stadium. The seats are predominantly red.|right|thumb|Gidan Arewacin Bank, [[Filin wasan Arsenal|Filin wasa na Arsenal]], Highbury]] An ƙuntata fadada Highbury saboda an sanya Gabashin Gabas a matsayin ginin da aka jera na Grade II kuma sauran uku suna kusa da kadarorin zama.<ref name="conservation_plan">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London |url=http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |publisher=Islington Council}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120204050811/http://www.islington.gov.uk/DownloadableDocuments/Environment/Pdf/highburyconservationplan_2005.pdf "A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Wadannan iyakoki sun hana kulob din kara yawan kudaden shiga a cikin shekarun 1990 da shekaru goma na farko na karni na 21, suna sanya su cikin haɗarin barin su a baya a cikin bunkasar kwallon kafa na wannan lokacin. Bayan la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, a cikin 2000 Arsenal ta ba da shawarar gina sabon filin wasa mai iyawa 60,361 a Ashburton Grove, tun lokacin da ake Filin wasa na Emirates, kimanin mita 500 kudu maso yammacin Highbury. Da farko an jinkirta aikin ne saboda jan tef da hauhawar farashi, kuma an kammala ginin a watan Yulin 2006, a lokacin da za a fara kakar 2006-07. An sanya sunan filin wasan ne bayan masu tallafawa, kamfanin jirgin sama na Emirates, wanda kulob din ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tallafawa mafi girma a tarihin Kwallon ƙafa na Ingila, wanda ya kai kimanin fam miliyan 100. Wasu magoya baya sun kira filin Ashburton Grove, ko Grove, saboda ba su yarda da tallafin kamfanoni na sunayen filin wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawes |first=Brian |year=2006 |title=The 'E' Word |url=http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008060533/http://www.arsenal-world.co.uk/news/loadnews.asp?cid=TMNW&id=283908 |archive-date=8 October 2006 |access-date=11 August 2008 |website=Arsenal World |publisher=Footymad}}</ref> Za a san filin wasan a hukumance da filin wasa na Emirates har zuwa akalla 2028, kuma kamfanin jirgin sama zai zama mai tallafawa kulob din har zuwa akasin haka 2024. Tun daga farkon kakar 2010-11 zuwa gaba, an san wuraren wasan a matsayin Bankin Arewa, Gabashin Gabas, Yammacin Yamma da ƙarshen Agogo. Matsayin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa yanzu yana tsaye a 60,704.<ref name="cap2021">{{Cite web |title=Premier League Handbook 2020/21 |url=https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412002820/https://resources.premierleague.com/premierleague/document/2021/04/07/6ebff069-a7ee-415d-afbd-15878b6d33b2/2020-21-PL-Handbook-240321.pdf |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=Premier League |page=4}}</ref>&nbsp;{{Wide image|Emirates Stadium - East stand Club Level.jpg|1367px|A [[panorama]] of the [[Emirates Stadium]] before a match}} == 'Yan wasa == === Kungiyar farko === {{Updated|24 January 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arsenal.com/men/players |title=Squad: Men |publisher=Arsenal F.C. |access-date=1 September 2025}}{{cbignore}}</ref>  == Kididdiga da rikodin == [[Fayil:Thierry_Henry_applauding_2012.jpg|thumb|[[Thierry Henry]] shine mai zira kwallaye na Arsenal, tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa.]] Arsenal ta ƙwallon ƙafa 13 League Championship ita ce na uku mafi girma a ƙwallon ƙwallon Ingila, bayan Liverpool (20) da Manchester United (20), <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=28 August 2009 |title=England&nbsp;– List of Champions |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730154323/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engchamp.html |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> kuma su ne kulob na farko da ya kai na bakwai da na takwas League Championship. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2020, suna ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi bakwai, sauran su ne Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], Manchester City, Leicester City da Liverpool, waɗanda suka lashe gasar Firimiya tun lokacin da aka kafa ta acikin shekarar 1992. <ref name=":8" /> Suna riƙe da mafi yawan kyaututtuka na FA Cup, tare da 14.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James M |date=12 June 2009 |title=England FA Challenge Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engcuphist.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113115049/http://rsssf.com/tablese/engcuphist.html |archive-date=13 January 2010 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Kungiyar tana ɗaya daga cikin kungiyoyi shida kawai da suka lashe kofin FA Sau biyu a jere, a 2002 da 2003, da 2014 da 2015.<ref name=":7" /> Arsenal ta samu nasarar League da FA Cup "Doubles" sau uku (acikin shekara ta 1971, 1998 da 2002), wani abin da Manchester United ta samu a baya (a 1994, 1996 da 1999). <ref name="FCHD">{{Cite web |title=Arsenal |url=https://www.fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106003337/http://fchd.info/ARSENAL.HTM |archive-date=6 November 2009 |access-date=23 October 2009 |website=Football Club History Database |publisher=Richard Rundle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stokkermans |first=Karel |date=24 September 2009 |title=Doing the Double: Countrywise Records |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126184235/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/doublerec.html |archive-date=26 November 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Sun kasance rukuni na farko a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila don kammala FA Cup da League Cup sau biyu, a 1993. Arsenal kuma ita ce kulob din farko na London da ta kai wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA, acikin shekara ta 2006, inda ta sha kashi 2-1 a [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal Football Club |url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913103452/http://www.premierleague.com/page/arsenal |archive-date=13 September 2008 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> Arsenal tana da daya daga cikin mafi kyawun rikodin jirgin sama a tarihi, bayan sun gama ƙasa da goma sha huɗu sau bakwai kawai. Sun lashe wasanni na biyu mafi girma a gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila, kuma sun tara maki na biyu mafi yawa, <ref name="RSSSF1stLevelAllTime">{{Cite web |last=Pietarinen |first=Heikki |date=24 August 2017 |title=England – First Level All-Time Tables |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engalltime.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824181412/http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/engalltime.html |archive-date=24 August 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPietarinen2017">Pietarinen, Heikki (24 August 2017). </cite></ref> ko an lissafa su da maki biyu a kowace nasara <ref name="All Time Table">{{Cite web |title=English Premier League : Full All Time Table |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320225558/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/all-time-table/full |archive-date=20 March 2017 |access-date=21 January 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> ko kuma da darajar maki na zamani. Sun kasance a cikin saman jirgin sama na mafi yawan lokutan jere (98 kamar yadda 2023-24). <ref name="RSSSF_Div_Movements">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=James |last2=Heneghan |first2=Michael |last3=Orford |first3=Stuart |last4=Culliton |first4=Eoin |date=25 August 2016 |title=English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622041929/https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engall.html |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRossHeneghanOrfordCulliton2016">Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). </cite></ref><ref name="All-time Arsenal">{{Cite web |last=James |first=Josh |date=18 June 2013 |title=All-time Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622042610/https://www.arsenal.com/news/features/48523/behind-the-numbers- |archive-date=22 June 2023 |access-date=22 June 2023 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seasons Spent in the Top Flight of English Football by Clubs from 1888–89 to 2023–24 |url=https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209052735/https://www.myfootballfacts.com/england_footy/football-league/seasons-in-top-flight/ |archive-date=9 December 2021 |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=My Football Facts}}</ref> Har ila yau, Arsenal tana da matsayi mafi girma a cikin karni na 20, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 8.5. Arsenal tana riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo na wasannin League da ba a ci ba (49 tsakanin Mayu 2003 da Oktoba 2004). Wannan ya hada da dukkan wasannin 38 na nasarar da suka samu a kakar 2003-04, lokacin da Arsenal ta zama kulob na biyu da ta kammala yakin neman zabe ba tare da an ci nasara ba, bayan Preston North End (wanda ya buga wasanni 22 kawai) a 1888-89.<ref name="49 Unbeaten">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2017 |title=49 Unbeaten |url=https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010642/https://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records/the-unbeaten-record |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=14 April 2018 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Har ila yau, suna riƙe da rikodin mafi tsawo a saman jirgin sama.<ref name="EPL Records">{{Cite web |title=Records |url=http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107021729/http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/premier-league/records |archive-date=7 November 2011 |access-date=22 March 2016 |website=statto.com}}</ref> Arsenal ta kafa rikodin gasar zakarun Turai a lokacin kakar 2005-06 ta hanyar buga wasanni goma ba tare da ba da kwallo ba, ta doke mafi kyawun bakwai da AC Milan ta kafa. Sun tafi jimlar rikodin minti 995 ba tare da barin abokin hamayyar ya ci kwallo ba; tseren ya ƙare a wasan karshe, lokacin da [[Samuel Eto'o]] ya zira kwallaye 76 na Barcelona.&nbsp; David O'Leary yana da rikodin bayyanar Arsenal, bayan ya buga wasanni 722 na farko tsakanin 1975 da 1993. Rabin tsakiya kuma tsohon kyaftin din [[Tony Adams]] ya zo na biyu, bayan ya buga sau 669. David Seaman ne ke riƙe da rikodin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]], tare da bayyanar 564. <ref name="clubrecords">{{Cite web |title=Club Records |url=http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905054109/http://www.arsenal.com/history/club-records |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=23 October 2009 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> [[Thierry Henry]] shine babban mai zira kwallaye a kulob din tare da kwallaye 228 a duk gasa tsakanin 1999 da 2012; ya wuce jimlar Ian Wright na 185 a watan Oktoba 2005. Rubuce-rubucen Wright sun tsaya tun watan Satumbar 1997, lokacin da ya wuce jimlar kwallaye 178 da mai tsaron gida Cliff Bastin ya kafa a shekarar 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Rupert |title=Arsenal vs Bolton. 13/0<!-- no format change -->9/97 |url=http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008220109/http://www.arseweb.com/97-98/reports/130997.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=Arseweb}}</ref> Henry kuma yana da rikodin kulob din don burin da aka zira a League, tare da 175, rikodin da Bastin ya rike har zuwa Fabrairu 2006. <ref name="henry" /> Declan Rice yana riƙe da farashin sa hannu na Arsenal bayan an kammala yarjejeniya da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a watan Yulin 2023, don £ 100 miliyan na farko. Wannan ya wuce tsohon rikodin na fam miliyan 72 ga [[Nicolas Pépé|Nicolas Pepe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2023 |title=Declan Rice: Arsenal sign England midfielder from West Ham in club-record £105m deal |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/12913870/declan-rice-arsenal-sign-england-midfielder-from-west-ham-in-club-record-lb105m-deal |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> == Daraja == Arsenal ta lashe kyautar azurfa ta farko a matsayin Royal Arsenal a shekara ta 1890. Kofin Kent Junior, wanda Royal Arsenal ta lashe, shine Kofin FA na kulob din, yayin da kofin farko ya zo makonni uku bayan haka lokacin da suka lashe kofin Kent Senior . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |date=1 March 2012 |title=122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware |url=http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329190212/http://www.blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk/archives/3103 |archive-date=29 March 2016 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=The History of Arsenal (AISA Arsenal History Society)}}</ref><ref name="aftlu">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Andy |title=Arsenal first team line ups |url=http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715102949/http://thearsenalhistory.com/stat/aftlu.htm |archive-date=15 July 2016 |access-date=15 June 2016 |website=The Arsenal History}}</ref> Babban girmamawa na farko na kasa ya zo ne a 1930, lokacin da suka lashe Kofin FA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2007 |title=GGM 36: Arsenal win their first major trophy |url=http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185120/http://www.arsenal.com/ggm-36-arsenal-win-their-first-major-trophy |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Kungiyar ta ci gaba da samun nasara a cikin shekarun 1930, inda ta lashe kofin FA da kuma gasar kwallon kafa ta farko guda biyar. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150930200319/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1931-35 "125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2011 |title=125 years of Arsenal history – 1936–1940 |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930230223/http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/125-years-of-arsenal-history-1936-40 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Arsenal ta lashe gasar zakarun farko da kofin sau biyu acikin kakar 1970-71 kuma sau biyu ta sake maimaita wannan, a 1997-98 da 2001-02, tare da lashe kofin sau uku na FA Cup da League Cup a 1992-93. Shekarar 2003-04 ita ce kawai kakar wasanni 38 da ba a ci nasara ba a tarihin kwallon kafa na Ingila. An ba da izinin zinare na musamman na gasar Firimiya kuma an gabatar da shi ga kulob din a kakar wasa mai zuwa. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;" |+Kyautar Arsenal FC ! style="width: 1%;" |Irin wannan ! style="width: 5%;" |Gasar ! style="width: 1%;" |Takardun sarauta ! style="width: 21%;" |Lokaci |- | rowspan="5" scope="rowgroup" |'''A cikin gida''' ! scope="row" |Sashe na Farko / Premier League{{Efn|Upon its formation in 1992, the [[Premier League]] became the top tier of [[Football in England|English football]]; the [[English Football League|Football League]] [[Football League First Division|First]] and [[Football League Second Division|Second Divisions]] then became the second and third tiers, respectively. From 2004, the First Division became the [[EFL Championship|Championship]] and the Second Division became [[EFL League One|League One]].}} |13 | align="left" |1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin FA | style="background-color:gold" |'''14''' | align="left" |1929–30, 1935–36, 1949–50, 1970–71, 1978–79, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2019–20 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin EFL{{Efn|Until 2016, the unsponsored name of the EFL Cup was the Football League Cup.}} |2 | align="left" |1986–87, 1992–93 |- ! scope="row" |Garkuwar Jama'a ta FA{{Efn|Until 2002, the FA Community Shield was known as the FA Charity Shield.}} |17 | align="left" |1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1991, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2023 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Centenary na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa | style="background-color:gold" |'''1''' | align="left" |1988 |- | rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup" |'''Yankin nahiyar''' ! scope="row" |Kofin Masu Gasar Cin Kofin UEFA |1 | align="left" |1993–94 |- ! scope="row" |Kofin Kasuwanci na Kasuwanci |1 | align="left" |1969–70 |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> cjr5r4c0omhfpvhujk0dejes90w19ni 0 10265 888350 459734 2026-07-28T02:58:15Z Vicente Zambada Niebla 2002 47340 888350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Goge}} {{Databox}} [[File:D_cursiva.gif|thumb|D]] '''D''' ''dee'' lafazi|diː<ref>"D" ''Oxford English Dictionary,'' 2nd edition (1989); ''[[Merriam-Webster]]'s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged'' (1993); "dee", ''op. cit.''</ref>) [[Harbi a Makarantar Firamare ta Sandy Hook|harfi]] na [[huɗu]] [[Dagar|daga]] [[Ciki|cikin]] bakaken [[rubutu]], [[Wadanda aka kashe na Karshe|wadanda]] ake amfani dasu wurin rubuta mafi karancin sauti na kalamin magana. Kalmar ta kanzo a farko ko karshen Kalmar, a ko ina cikin rubuta kalma za a iyya anmani da ita ,sai dai bata zuwa a matsayin wasali ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Haruffan Latin}} 6rl4ay8q0n2vl5010tbjxvj1zupvlo6 3 12106 888248 702656 2026-07-27T18:50:00Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Tech News: 2026-31 */ sabon sashe 888248 wikitext text/x-wiki </noinclude> [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Galdiz ! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Umar a usman|gudummuwarka]]. Kuma ina fatan zaka tsaya ka ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimake ka ka fahimci Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]], ko kuma ka tambayeni a {{Gyara|User talk:Anasskoko|section=new|shafina na tattaunawa}}. Na gode. [[User:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]] ([[User talk:Anasskoko|talk]]) 16:47, 24 Nuwamba, 2019 (UTC) </noinclude> ==Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos na Hausa Community== <div style="padding:3em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue',sans-serif; font-size:110%; line-height:1.75;"> Muna gayyatan kudan shiga gasar '''WPWP Contest na Hausa Community'''! '''Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos na Hausa Community''' gasa ce ta duk shekara wanda editoci a Wikipedia daga [[m:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Community User Group]] ke sanya hotuna a mukalolin da basu da ko keda karancin hoto articles. Wannan dan a inganta da karfafa amfani ne da dubannin hotunan da ake samu ne daga gasa daban-daban na hotuna da ake gudanarwa duk shekara, wanda Wikimedia community ke shiryawa a Wikipedia. hoto na inganta fahimtar mai karatu, da bayyana bayani, da sanya mukaloli suyi kyau. Gasar Kuma zata ba sabbin editoci da tsoffi damar inganta kwarewa, dan shiga samun kwarewa tuntube mu anan [[Special:Emailuser/M-Mustapha|Emel]]. <br /> <span style="background:#ffbd4a;color:yellow;padding:5px;"><!--T:24-->[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos for Hausa Community|Danna nan dan shiga gasa da Karin bayani.]]</span>.<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp>Em</samp>[[User:M-Mustapha|-]]</span><span style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #804; color: #5b2;"><samp>mustapha</samp></span> ^{<samp>[[user talk:M-Mustapha|t@lk]]</samp>} 16:48, 26 ga Yuni, 2020 (UTC) Allah ya kaimu [[User:Umar a usman|Umar a usman]] ([[User talk:Umar a usman#top|talk]]) 12:02, 23 ga Yuni, 2021 (UTC) ==Barka da ƙoƙari== Naga idan kayi gyara sai ka goge wasu masu amfani, a wani wurin ma share sashen dukka kake yi! Misali, zaka ga na mayar da yawancin gyararrakin. Ka kula sosai. [[User:M-Mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>''Em-em''</u></b></samp></span>]] ^{<samp><u>[[User talk:M-Mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp>} 16:25, 26 ga Afirilu, 2021 (UTC) == Gasar Hausa Wikipeda == '''Assalamu alaikum''' @[[User:Umar a usman|Umar a usman]]''',''' Ina mai sanar da kai cewa za'a sanar da sakamakon gasa gobe idan Allah ya kaimu, ka duba wannan shafin domin ganin sakamakon gasa, sannan kyaututtuka za'a bayar dasu ne lokaci kadan bayan sanarwan. [[WP:Gasar Hausa Wikipedia ta Shekara-shekara]], Nagode.-- [[User:Anasskoko|<b style="color:#00BFFF">An@ss_koko</b>]][[User talk:Anasskoko|<sup style="color:#7F007F">(Yi Magana)</sup>]] 11:22, 23 ga Yuni, 2021 (UTC) == Gyara akan saka manazarta == @[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] barka da kokari, naga kaine ka kirkiri mukalar [[Saladin Governorate]], amma baka saka manazarta ko daya ba, yakamata mu fahimci mahimmancin manazarta. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 09:41, 11 ga Yuni, 2023 (UTC) == Invitation to Rejoin the [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/WikiProjectMed:Translation_task_force Healthcare Translation Task Force] == [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|right|frameless|125px]] You have been a [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/prior/index.php medical translators within Wikipedia]. We have recently relaunched our efforts and invite you to [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php join the new process]. Let me know if you have questions. Best [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 12:34, 13 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_translators/60&oldid=25451603 --> == Canza taken mukala == @[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] Barka da Kokari, Inason inyi amfani da wannan damar domin jawo hankalinka, akan taken da mukeba mukala. Naga ka fassara mukalar mai taken '''Rabies''' da taken '''Ciwon hauka'''. Amma yanzu na mayar dashi a [[Ciwon Rabies]]...Dalili kuwa shine wannan ciwo ba ciwon hauka bane kamar yadda ka fassara...inaga idan bamusan sunan abuba da hausa kamata yayi mu rika barinsa da turancinsa a kan mubashi fassarar da ba ita bace.[[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 12:29, 11 Oktoba 2023 (UTC) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2023 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2023 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&project=all&year=2023&start=Filter joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. Consider joining '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|here]]''', there are no associated costs and we look forwards to working together in 2024. |} Thanks again :-) -- [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/User:Doc_James <span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Medical_Editors_2023&oldid=26031072 --> == Tunatarwa don jefa kuri'a yanzu don zaɓar membobin U4C na farko == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Kuna iya samun wannan sakon da aka fassara zuwa ƙarin harsuna akan Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ya ku 'yan Wikimedia, Kuna karɓar wannan saƙo saboda a baya kun shiga cikin tsarin UCoC. Wannan tunatarwa ce cewa lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) yana ƙare ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2024. Karanta bayanin akan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Shafin jefa ƙuri'a akan Meta-wiki]] don ƙarin koyo game da zaɓe da cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a. Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) ƙungiya ce ta duniya da aka keɓe don samar da daidaito da daidaiton aiwatar da UCoC. An gayyaci membobin al'umma don gabatar da aikace-aikacen su na U4C. Don ƙarin bayani da alhakin U4C, da fatan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|sake duba Tsarin Dokan ta U4C]]. Da fatan za a raba wannan sakon tare da membobin al'ummar ku don su ma su shiga ciki. A madadin Kungiyar Ayyukan UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:11, 2 Mayu 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_2&oldid=26721207 --> == Kula == Barka @[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] wannan muƙalar mai [[Wesley Koolhof]] akwai gyararraki acikinta, amma bakayi ba. Yanzu na gyara ta amma mu kula saboda gaba. Nagode [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 05:56, 30 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) :Ok toh nogode [[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 22:55, 30 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == Goyo Baya UC4C (non-voting member) == == Goyon baya == Assalam @[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] Ina neman goyon bayanka don zama mamba na kwamitin UC4C (non-voting member). Ga link [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Non-voting_members<nowiki>] ayi comment.</nowiki> Nagode [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 08:45, 20 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Done [[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 23:21, 24 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:50, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> n6le63vhomevekma2fiptah5yq1ftag 0 20936 888336 715009 2026-07-27T23:08:49Z M Bash Ne 12403 888336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hassan Bashir.jpg|thumb|hassan bashir]] '''Hassan Naweed Bashir''' ( {{Lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|حسن نوید بشیر}}}} ; An haife shi ne a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1987A.c) dan [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] [[Pakistan]] ne wanda ke buga wa Ishøj IF da Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar [[Pakistan]] . Bashir ya taka leda sosai a fagen wasansa na gaba, amma an sanya shi a fagen fama daban-daban - a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya mai cin fuska, dan wasan gaba na biyu kuma dan wasan gaba . Shine yafi kowanne dan wasa zura kwallaye a Pakistan.<ref name=NFT>{{NFT player|pid=49537}}</ref><ref name="soccerwayprofile">{{cite web | url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/hassan-bashir/39001/| title=Hassan Bashir | publisher=Perform Group | work=Soccerway | accessdate=25 August 2014}}</ref> [[Fayil:Pakistan National Football Team against Maldives in 2013.jpg|thumb|tawagar pakistan tare da Hassan bashir]] == Tarihin Rayuwa == An kuma haifi Hassan Bashir a Copenhagen, Denmark ɗa ga dangin [[Pakistan]]. == Kolub == Bashir ya fara taka leda a BK Frem . Daga baya ya shiga kungiyar matasa ta B.93, wanda kuma ya fara bugawa kwararren masani a cikin shekara ta 2006 yana da shekaru 18.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bold.dk/nyt/Fremad-Bashir-Divisionens-bedste-fans |language=Danish |title=Fremad-Bashir: Divisionens bedste fan |work=bold.dk |first=Mikkel |last=Nøhr |date=2 August 2013 |accessdate=29 September 2013 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232241/http://www.bold.dk/nyt/Fremad-Bashir-Divisionens-bedste-fans |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya shafe shekaru biyu a Østerbro, [[Kwapanhagan|kulob din Copenhagen]], kafin ya koma Køge BK a cikin shekara ta 2007 canja wurin rani. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya yi wasa a kungiyoyi da yawa kamar Fremad Amager, Hellerup IK da Fyn a cikin kananan sassan [[Denmark]] - na karshe shi ne Svebølle B&amp;amp;I inda ya shiga cikin sauran playersan wasan kasar, Yousuf Butt da Nabil Aslam . Bashir ya kuma taba zama dan takaitaccen matsayi a Premier League na Thai tare da BBCU a kakar wasa ta shekara ta 2012. A watan Yulin shekarar 2018, Hassan Bashir ya koma AB Tårnby . A watan Agusta 2018, ya fara wasan farko da Karlslunde inda ya ci kwallo. Daga baya ya kasance tare da takwaransa na kasar Pakistan Yousuf Butt . A watan Yunin shekara ta 2020, lokacin da AB Tårnby ya kayar da Karlslunde a wasan gabatarwa na biyu, AB Tårnby ya ci gaba zuwa Danish 2nd Division . Bashir ya koma kungiyar Ishøj IF mai matsayi na hudu a Denmark a ranar 18 ga Maris na shekara ta 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ishøj IF sikrer sig rutineret divisionsangriber |url=https://ligabold.dk/ishoej-if-sikrer-sig-rutineret-divisionsangriber/ |work=Ligabold |date=18 March 2021 |language=da-DK |access-date=9 June 2021 |archive-date=9 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609230601/https://ligabold.dk/ishoej-if-sikrer-sig-rutineret-divisionsangriber/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Na duniya == [[Fayil:Pakistan National Football Team against Maldives in 2013.jpg|thumb|Hassan Bashir a cikin tawagar yan wasa ]] Bashir ya buga wa kasarsa wasanni 20 tun fara wasan farko a wasan sada zumunci da suka kara da Singapore a shekara ta 2012. Ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Nepal da ci <ref>[http://dawn.com/2013/02/07/last-gasp-hassan-gives-pakistan-long-awaited-victory/ Hassan Bashir scores first international goal in injury time win]</ref> sannan daga baya ya taimaka wajen cin nasarar Muhammad Mujahid a wasan sada zumunci na biyu da Nepal. A shekara ta 2015, an naɗa Bashir a matsayin kyaftin din kungiyar kasar a wasan sada zumunta da Afghanistan . A ranar 6 ga Fabrairun, shekara ta 2015 Bashir ya taimaka biyu a wasan farko da Afghanistan da Pakistan ta ci wasan 2-1. A ranar 12 ga Maris, na shekara ta 2015 Bashir ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2018 da Yemen a wasan farko daga bugun fanareti kasancewar Pakistan ta ci wasan da ci 3-1. Wannan ita ce kwallon farko da Pakistan ta ci a wasannin share fagen zuwa gasar Kofin Duniya. === KWATAN KARFIN 2018 === A ranar 4 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2018, Bashir ya ci wa Pakistan kwallon farko a bugun fanareti lokacin da kasarsa ta dawo zagaye na kasa da kasa bayan shekaru 3 da Nepal a wasan da ci 2 - 1. Ya kuma zira kwallayen karshe na kasar shekaru 3 da suka wuce a kan Yemen wanda shi ma daga bugun fanareti ne. A ranar 8 ga Satumbar, shekara ta 2018, Bashir ya ci kwallon farko a kan Bhutan a ci 3 - 0 wanda shi ne wasan karshe na Pakistan a matakin rukuni kuma Pakistan ta tabbatar matsayinta na kusa da karshe. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamban, shekara ta 2018, Bashir ya ci wa Pakistan kwallo ɗaya a ragar Falasdinu a wasan da ci 2 - 1. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Teamungiyar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Ayyuka ! Goals |- | rowspan="5" | Pakistan | 2012 | 1 | 0 |- | 2013 | 11 | 3 |- | 2015 | 3 | 1 |- | 2018 | 5 | 5 |- | 2019 | 2 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimla ! 22 ! 9 |} === Manufofin duniya === : ''Lissafi da jadawalin sakamakon jeren burin kasar Pakistan da farko.'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; margin:auto;" !A'a ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Kishiya ! Ci ! Sakamakon ! Gasa |- | 1. | 6 ga Fabrairu 2013 | Filin wasa na Dasarath Rangasala, [[Kathmandu]], Nepal |    Nepal |<div class="center"> '''1''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 1 - 0</div> | Abokai |- | 2. | 21 Maris 2013 | Filin wasa na Spartak, [[Bishkek]], Kyrgyzstan |  Macau |<div class="center"> '''1''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 2–0</div> | Gasar Kofin Kalubale ta AFC ta 2014 |- | 3. | 3 Satumba 2013 | Filin wasa na Dasarath Rangasala, Kathmandu, Nepal |    Nepal |<div class="center"> '''1''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 1–1</div> | Gasar SAFF ta 2013 |- | 4. | 12 Maris 2015 | Babban filin wasa na Hamad, [[Doha]], Qatar |  Yemen |<div class="center"> '''1''' –2</div> |<div class="center"> 1-3</div> | Gasar cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2018 |- | 5. | 4 Satumba 2018 | rowspan="2" | Bangabandhu National Stadium, [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh |    Nepal |<div class="center"> '''1''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 1-2</div> | rowspan="2" | Gasar 2018 SAFF |- | 6. | 8 Satumba 2018 |  Bhutan |<div class="center"> '''2''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 3-0</div> |- | 7. | 16 Nuwamba 2018 | Filin wasan Faisal Al-Husseini na kasa da kasa, Al-Ram, Falasdinu |  Falasdinu |<div class="center"> '''1''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 1-2</div> | Abokai |- | 8. | 11 Yuni 2019 | Filin wasa na Hamad bin Khalifa, [[Doha]], Qatar |  Kambodiya |<div class="center"> '''1''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 1-2</div> | 2022 FIFA gasar cin kofin duniya |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin hadin waje == * {{NFT player|pid=49537}} * {{FIFA player|365914|Hassan Naweed Bashir}} * {{Soccerway|hassan-bashir/39001}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Pakistan]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1987]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:Wasannin FIFA]] [[Category:Wasanni]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ih3b7evgvuv249sjzvn1vn4t6b63p2k 0 21786 888100 744065 2026-07-27T13:59:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ministry of Education office, Godogodo.jpg|thumb|Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayyan Najeriya]] [[Fayil:PGDE Benchmark approved by the Education Committee of the Teachers Registration Council of Nigeria.pdf|thumb|education in nigeria]] '''Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya''' wani ɓangare ne na Ma’aikatun Tarayyar Najeriya waɗanda ke jagorantar ilimi a [[Najeriya]]. Tana nan a Block 5A (Fage na 8), Babban Sakatariyar Tarayya, Shehu Shagari Way, Yankin Tsakiya, PMB 146, Garki, [[Abuja]]. == Tarihi == Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya nada [[Tahir Mamman]] a matsayin ministan ilimi a ranar 16 ga Agusta 2023. == Ofishin Jakadancin == “Manufarmu ita ce mu yi amfani da ilimi a matsayin wani makami na ciyar da ci gaban dukkan‘ ƴan Najeriya zuwa cikakken karfinsu, wajen ciyar da ƙasa mai ƙarfi, dimokiradiyya, da daidaito, da ci gaba, da kuma ba za ta raba ba kuma ba za ta taba narkewa ba a karkashin Allah. ” == Ƙungiya == Ayyukanta sun haɗa da: * Tsara manufofin ƙasa kan ilimi. * Tattara bayanai da tattara su don dalilan tsara ilimi da kudade. * Kula da daidaitattun matakan ilimi a duk faɗin ƙasar. * Kula da ingancin ilimi a cikin ƙasa ta hanyar aikin kulawa na Sashen Ayyukan Kulawa a cikin Ma'aikatar. * Daidaita manufofin ilimi da hanyoyin dukkan jihohin tarayyar ta hanyar kayan aiki na Majalisar Ilimi ta Kasa. * Inganta haɗin kai a cikin al'amuran ilimi a matakin duniya. * Bunƙasa tsarin karatu da tsarin karatu a matakin ƙasa tare da sauran ƙungiyoyi. Parastatal sun haɗa da: * Hukumar Jami'o'in ƙasa ( [https://www.nuc.edu.ng/ NUC] ), [[Abuja]] . * ([Hukumar Kula da Nazarin Larabci da Addinin Musulunci]] ([ https://nbais.gov.ng/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628171812/https://nbais.gov.ng/ |date=2021-06-28 }} ), [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] . * National Board for Technical Education ([https://net.nbte.gov.ng/ NBTE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719063617/https://net.nbte.gov.ng/ |date=2022-07-19 }}), [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]]. * National Commission for Colleges of Education ([http://www.ncceonline.edu.ng/index.php NCCE]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}), [[Abuja]]. * Universal Basic Education Commission ([https://www.ubec.gov.ng/ UBEC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607050729/https://www.ubec.gov.ng/ |date=2020-06-07 }}), [[Abuja]]. * National Commission for Nomadic Education ([http://www.ncne.gov.ng/ NCNE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203551/http://www.ncne.gov.ng/ |date=2021-06-24 }}), [[Abuja]]. * National Commission for Adult Education Mass Literacy and Non-Formal Education (NMEC), [[Abuja]]. * Nigerian Educational Research Development Council ([https://nerdc.gov.ng/ NERDC]), [[Abuja|Sheda]], FCT. * Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board ([https://www.jamb.gov.ng/ JAMB]), Bwari, [[Abuja]]. * West African Examination Council ([http://www.waecnigeria.org/ WAEC]), [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]]. * National Examination Council (NECO), Minna, State. * National Business and Technical Examination Board ([https://nabteb.gov.ng/ NABTEB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623100923/https://nabteb.gov.ng/ |date=2021-06-23 }}), [[Benin City|Benin-city]], [[Edo]]. * National Institute for Educational Planning &amp;amp; Administration ([http://niepa.gov.ng/ NIEPA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195610/https://niepa.gov.ng/ |date=2021-06-24 }}), [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo]]. * National Teachers Institute ([http://www.nti.edu.ng/ NTI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526051159/https://nti.edu.ng/ |date=2022-05-26 }}), [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]]. * Nigerian Mathematical Centre ([http://www.nmcabuja.org/ NMC]), [[Abuja|Sheda]], FCT. * Nigerian French Language Village ([https://frenchvillage.edu.ng/ NFV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205058/https://frenchvillage.edu.ng/ |date=2021-06-24 }})[[Badagry]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos]]. * Nigerian Arabic Language Village (NALV) Ngala, [[Borno]]. * National Institute for Nigerian Languages ([http://www.ninlan.edu.ng/ NINLAN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205129/http://www.ninlan.edu.ng/ |date=2021-06-24 }}) [[Aba]], [[Abiya|Abia]]. * Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TET FUND), [[Abuja]]. * National Library of Nigeria ([https://www.nln.gov.ng/ NLN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624110933/https://nln.gov.ng/ |date=2021-06-24 }}), [[Abuja]]. * Teachers’ Registration Council of Nigeria ([https://trcn.gov.ng/ TRCN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713091127/https://trcn.gov.ng/ |date=2022-07-13 }}), [[Abuja]]. * Computer Professionals Registration Council of Nigeria ([https://www.cpn.gov.ng/ CPN]), [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]]. * Federal Scholarship Board, [[Abuja]]. * Librarians' Registration Council of Nigerian (LRCN)[https://www.lrcn.gov.ng/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620222848/http://www.lrcn.gov.ng/ |date=2022-06-20 }}, Abuja == Duba kuma == * Jerin Ministocin Ilimi na Najeriya * [[Nigerian Civil Service|Ma’aikatan Gwamnatin Najeriya]] * Jerin ilimin fasaha a Najeriya * Jerin jami'o'i a Najeriya == Manazarta ==  1. http://www.news24.com.ng/National/News/jubilation-at-education-ministry-as-adamu-takes-over-20151111 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031207/http://www.news24.com.ng/National/News/jubilation-at-education-ministry-as-adamu-takes-over-20151111 |date=2016-03-04 }} 2. https://education.gov.ng/ == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.education.gov.ng/ Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya] e0hizgd0v3ndd3frl3lu17tkxviku0z 0 21845 888329 822268 2026-07-27T22:32:33Z BNUBashirnuhuusman 45689 Nayi gyara 888329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Parc national de la Pendjari.JPG|thumb|Filin shakatawa na Pendjari]] '''Filin Shakatawa na Pendjari''' (Faransanci: ''Parc National de la Pendjari''), Yana arewa maso yammacin Benin, kusa da [[Filin shakatawa na Arli|Filin Shakatawa na Arli]] a Ƙasar [[Burkina Faso]]. An kuma yi suna don [[Kogin Oti|Kogin Pendjari]], Wurin shakatawar na ƙasa an san shi da namun daji kuma gida ne ga wasu daga cikin yawan mutanen da suka yi babban wasa kamar giwar daji ta Afirka, zaki, dorinar ruwa, bauna na Afirka, da dabbobin daji daban-daban a Afirika ta Yamma. Gidan shakatawar kuma sananne ne saboda wadataccen tsuntsaye. Gandun dajin na Pendjari yanki ne da ya kai muraba'in kilomita 2,755 (hamsin 275,500) a can arewa maso-yammacin Benin. Wurin shakatawan na daga cikin WAP hadadden (W-Arli-Pendjari) wanda yake yanki ne mai kariya sosai a cikin kasashen Benin, [[Burkina Faso]] da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Niger]]. Duwatsu da tsaunuka na zangon Atakora suna sanya arewa maso yamma ɗaya daga cikin yankuna mafi kyau na ƙasar Benin. Suna ba da kyakkyawan tarihi ga Pendjari National Park, wanda, a keɓance da shi, ya kasance ɗayan mafi ban sha'awa a Afirka ta Yamma. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2009 an zaɓi shi a matsayin wani yanki na shirin shirin UNESCO na Tarihin Duniya, kuma a watan Yulin shekarar 2017 an sanya shi a hukumance a matsayin (UNESCO) World Heritage Site a matsayin wani bangare na fadada kasa da kasa na W-Arly-Pendjari Complex. == Ilimin Lafiya == Duwatsun na yankin ba su da katako tare da ''Burkea africana, Detarium microcarpum, Lannea acida, Sterculia setigera'' da ''Combretum ghasalense''. Ana kuma iya samun nau'ika-nau'ikan tsirrai masu yawa tare da ''Isoberlinia doka'' da ''Afzelia africana''. Kogin Pendjari yana da gandun daji mai ban sha'awa. Wurin shakatawa ya hada da Sudan da arewacin Guinea savannas, tare da yankunan ciyawar da ''Acacia sieberiana'' da ''Mitragyna inermis'' ko ''Terminalia macroptera'' suka mamaye. Akwai babban ruwan sama na shekara shekara kusan milimita 1,100 (inci 43); Filin shakatawa a bude yake duk shekara, kodayake daga Yuni zuwa Nuwamba ruwan sama na iya zama mai nauyi kuma wasu sassan wurin shakatawa ba za a iya shiga ba.<gallery> File:Pendjari.JPG|Tsarin fili File:Pendjari fluss.JPG|Kogin Pendjari da ke cikin gandun dajin a lokacin rani: dama Burkina Faso, hagu Benin </gallery> == Furanni da Dabbobi == === Dabbobi masu shayarwa === {{multiple image|direction=vertical|image3=Pendjari kuhantilopen.JPG|caption3=Western hartebeest|image2=Pendjari büffel.JPG|caption2=African buffaloes|image1=Elephants Pendjari.jpg|caption1=Pendjari is an important refuge for the [[African elephant]] in West Africa|image5=West African male lion.jpg|caption5=Lion in Pendjari National Park|image4=Bubale roux au parc national Pendjari.jpg|caption4=[[Hartebeest]] (Alcelaphus buselaphus) in Pendjari}} Filin shakatawar na Pendjari yana da yawan giwaye, wanda ya daidaita a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kuma ya kirga mutane sama da 800 tsakanina shekarar 2005 da 2010.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Bouché, P.|journal=PLOS ONE|pmc=3120750|pmid=21731620|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0020619|pages=e20619|issue=6|volume=6|title=Will Elephants Soon Disappear from West African Savannahs?|author2=Douglas-Hamilton, I.|year=2011|name-list-style=amp|author7=Vermeulen, C.|author6=Lejeune, P.|author5=Doucet, J.L.|author4=Nianogo, A.J.|author3=Wittemyer, G.|citeseerx=10.1.1.290.2335}}</ref> Ciki har da [[Filin shakatawa na W]] mai makwabtaka da [[Filin shakatawa na Arly]] (WAP Complex), yawan jama'ar ya hada da giwaye sama da 3,800, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama babbar giwar giwa a duk yammacin Afirka.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Clerici, N.|author2=Bodini, A.|author3=Eva, H.|author4=Grégoire, J.M.|author5=Dulieu, D.|name-list-style=amp|author6=Paolini, C.|year=2007|title=Increased isolation of two Biosphere Reserves and surrounding protected areas (WAP ecological complex, West Africa)|journal=Journal for Nature Conservation|volume=15|issue=1|pages=26–40|doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2006.08.003}}</ref> Na biyu mafi girma ajin shakatawa shine damisa. Har ila yau, akwai manyan mutane da yawa na wasu manyan ciyayi masu yawa kamar baffalo na Afirka (''Syncerus caffer brachyceros''; c. Dabbobi 2,700 a 2000), yammacin hartebeests (''Alcelaphus buselaphus babba''; c. 1,500 a 2000), roan dabbar daji (c. 2,000 a 2000), Babban dabba (c. 2,600 a 2000), da gandun daji. Wasu ire-iren dabbobin daji irin su korrigum (''Damaliscus lunatus korrigum''), bushbuck, da reedbuck ba su da yawa. Ananan bovids sune duiker mai jan ja, oribi, da duiker gama gari. Firayun zaitun, biri patas, da biri na tantalus suna wakiltar Primates.<ref name="Sinsin et al. 2002">{{cite journal|authors=Sinsin, B., Tehou, A.C., Daouda, I. and Saidou, A.|year=2002|title=Abundance and species richness of larger mammals in Pendjari National Park in Benin|journal=Mammalia|volume=66|issue=3|pages=369–380|doi=10.1515/mamm.2002.66.3.369}}</ref> Dayan manyan masu farauta a yankin da aka kiyaye shine cheetah ta Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka (''Acinonyx jubatus hecki''). Ya zuwa shekarar 2007, mutane kusan 5-13 ne suka rage a gandun dajin da kuma [[Filin shakatawa na W]] mai makwabtaka.<ref>{{cite iucn|author=Belbachir, F.|title=''Acinonyx jubatus'' ssp. ''hecki''|date=2008|page=e.T221A13035738}}</ref> Zuwa shekarar 2009, zaki (Panthera leo leo) da ke cikin W-Arly-Pendjari Complex ya kunshi dabbobi kusan 100 kuma watakila shi ne mafi girma a Afirka ta Yamma a lokacin.<ref name="HenschelAzani">{{cite journal|author=Henschel, P.|journal=Cat News|archive-date=30 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730134841/http://www.panthera.org/sites/default/files/Henscheletal_2010_LionstatusupdatesfromfiverangecountriesinWestandCentralAfrica_CatNews.pdf|access-date=5 November 2018|url=http://www.panthera.org/sites/default/files/Henscheletal_2010_LionstatusupdatesfromfiverangecountriesinWestandCentralAfrica_CatNews.pdf|pages=34–39|volume=52|title=Lion status updates from five range countries in West and Central Africa|author2=Azani, D.|year=2010|author7=Hunter, L.|author6=Sam, M.|author5=Saidu, Y.|author4=Malanda, G.|author3=Burton, C.|url-status=dead}}</ref> An kuma rubuta karen daji na Yammacin Afirka da ke cikin hatsari (''Lycaon hoto manguensis'') a cikin Filin shakatawa na Pendjari a lokacin bincike a cikin Afrilu 2000, da damisar Afirka, hyena mai hangowa, duwawu mai gefe-gefe, da civet na Afirka.<ref name="Sinsin et al. 2002">{{cite journal|authors=Sinsin, B., Tehou, A.C., Daouda, I. and Saidou, A.|year=2002|title=Abundance and species richness of larger mammals in Pendjari National Park in Benin|journal=Mammalia|volume=66|issue=3|pages=369–380|doi=10.1515/mamm.2002.66.3.369}}</ref> Adadin ruwa (''Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa'') ya ragu daga kusan 3,000 a cikin 1970s zuwa 120 kawai a 2004.<ref>{{cite journal|authors=Kassa, B., Libois, R. and Sinsin, B.|year=2007|title=Diet and food preference of the waterbuck (''Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa'') in the Pendjari National Park, Benin|journal=African Journal of Ecology|volume=46|issue=3|pages=303–310|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120121665/abstract|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121021235339/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120121665/abstract|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-10-21|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00827.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> === Rayuwar tsuntsaye === {{multiple image|direction=vertical|image2=Martin-pêcheur pie autour de la reserve de biosphère de la Pendjari.jpg|caption2=Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) a cikin Pendjari|image3=Chamaeleo senegalensis around the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve.jpg|caption3=Chamaeleo senegalensis a cikin Pendjari Reserve|image4=Crapauds africains autour de la Reserve de Biosphère de la Pendjari.jpg|caption4='Yan Afirka a cikin Pendjari Reserve|image5=Le caméléon sur le delonia regix.jpg|caption5=Chameleon a kan Delonix regia|image6=Acraea caecilia autour du Parc National de la Pendjari.jpg|caption6=Acraea caecilia a cikin Pendjari|image7=Lucia widow autour du Parc National de la Pendjari.jpg|caption7=Palpopleura lucia a cikin Pendjari}} Ungulu mai kaho (''Necrosyrtes monachus'') mazaunin yanki ne mai kariya, amma a ƙananan lambobi.<ref>{{cite journal|authors=Thiollay, J.M.|year=2006|title=The decline of raptors in West Africa: long‐term assessment and the role of protected areas|journal=Ibis|volume=148|issue=2|pages=240–254|doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00531.x}}</ref> Filin shakatawr sananne ne saboda yalwar nau'in tsuntsaye.<ref name="Mongabay2018">{{cite news|author=Dasgupta, S.|title=$23.5 million funding pledge aims to protect critical West African national park|publisher=[[Mongabay]]|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2018/02/23-5-million-funding-pledge-aims-to-protect-critical-west-african-national-park/|date=2018-02-01|access-date=2018-02-01}}</ref> Akwai wasu nau'ikan daban daban har 300. Ana kuma yin rikodin jigilar ruwa (''Circus macrourus'') da ƙaramar kestrel (''Falco naumanni'') lokaci-lokaci kuma akwai ''record'' na rubuce-rubucen da aka keɓe don ɓarnar fushin ungulu (''Torgos tracheliotus''). Fox kestrel (''Falco alopex'') ba sabon abu bane, yayin da kitsen da ya haɗiye ɗan Afirka (''Chelictinia riocourii'') baƙo ne na baƙon rani. Hakanan an yi rikodin gaggafa (''Hieraaetus pennatus'') a nan. BirdLife ta lura da cewa "Pendjari sananne ne ga manyan nau'ikan fitattun abubuwa kamarsu stork na Afirka (''Anastomus lamelligerus''), na Abdim's stork (''Ciconia abdimii''), stork-billed stork (''Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis''), kuma a wasu lokutan, garken tumaki na turai har 60 (''Ciconia ciconia''). Hakanan ana iya samun gaggafar kifin Afirka (''Haliaeetus vocifer'') da kuma mujiya mai kama da kamun kifi na Pel (''Scotopelia peli'')." Daga cikin shahararrun jinsunan da aka rubuta akwai hadiya mai fuka-fukai (''Hirundo leucosoma''), farin-kambin robin-chat (''Cossypha albicapillus''), wheotar Botta (''Oenanthe bottae''), sananniyar hira (''Cercomela familiaris''), fararen fata na gaba-fari (''Myrmecocichla albifrons''), yin izgili da hira (''Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris''), dutsen da aka saba da shi (''Monticola saxitilis''), Senegal eremomela (''Eremomela pusilla''), blackcap babbler (''Turdoides reinwardtii''), pytilia mai fuka-fuka-fuka-fuka (''Pytilia phoenicoptera''), waxbill mai baƙar fata (''Estrilda troglodytes'') , daji petronia (''Petronia dentata'') da Togo firdausi-whydah (''Vidua togoensis''). Gray tit-flycatcher (''Myioparus plumbeus'') an yi rikodin shi da wasu nau'ikan da dama na garƙashin. An sanya farar-kumburin greenbul (''Phyllastrephus albigularis'') a Tanguiéta da francolin mai yawan kumburi (''Francolinus albogularis''), wani baƙon mazaunin, an gan shi a yankin gonar kudu da Natitingou. Kudancin wurin shakatawar akwai wani babban yanki mai kariya wanda aka sani da Faransanci a matsayin ''La zone cygnetique de la Pendjari'' inda aka hango wasu nau'ikan halittun daban. Gandun dajin da gidan tsuntsayen suna da kariya daga gwamnati a [[Benin]]. Sauran nau'in tsuntsayen sun hada da: * Fox kestrel (''Falco alopex'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Red-thighed sparrowhawk (''Accipiter erythropus'') mazaunin1998 * Senegal parrot (''Poicephalus senegalus'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Violet turaco (''Musophaga violacea'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Blue-bellied roller (''Coracias cyanogaster'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Red-throated bee-eater (''Merops bulocki'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Bearded barbet (''Lybius dubius'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Yellow-billed shrike (''Corvinella corvina'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Piapiac (''Ptilostomus afer'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Yellow penduline-tit (''Anthoscopus parvulus'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Fanti saw-wing (''Psalidoprocne obscura'') mazaunin 1998 * Pied-winged swallow (''Hirundo leucosoma'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Senegal eremomela (''Eremomela pusilla'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Blackcap babbler (''Turdoides reinwardii'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Purple glossy-starling (''Lamprotornis purpureus'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * White-crowned robin-chat (''Cossypha albicapilla'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Bush petronia (''Petronia dentata'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Red-winged pytilia (''Pytilia phoenicoptera'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Red-faced pytilia (''Pytilia hypogrammica'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Lavender waxbill (''Estrilda caerulescens'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Black-rumped waxbill (''Estrilda troglodytes'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 * Togo paradise-whydah (''Vidua togoensis'') mazaunin 1998 - A3 == Manazarta == <references /> == Kara karantawa == * Assédé, E.P.S., Adomou, A.C. & B. Sinsin (2012) Magnoliophyta, Biosphere reserve of Pendjari, Atacora Province, Benin. Check List 8 (4): 642–661. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171104055552/http://www.checklist.org.br/getpdf?SL114-11] * Hogan, C.M. 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101209234758/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=35993 ''Painted Hunting Dog: Lycaon pictus'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg] * Legba, F. (2005) Contribution de la vegetation des collines de la zone cynegetique et du Parc National de la Pendjari du Benin comme milieu cadre et milieu {{Not a typo|ressource}} de la faune sauvage. Thèse Ing. Agr., Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou. 121 S. * Nago, S.G.A. (2005) Diversité des amphibiens dans les terroirs riverrains à la Zone Cynogénétique de la Pendjari. Mémoire de diplôme d´étude approfondies (DEA), Université d´Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou. * UNDP/ GEF (2005): Enhancing the effectiveness and catalyzing the sustainability of the W-Arly-Pendjari (WAP) protected area system. UNEP Project document PIMS 1617. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090805032750/http://www.gefweb.org/Documents/Work_Programs/IWP%20July05/2%20-%20BD%20-%20Regional-Enhancing%20Effectiveness-W-Arly-Pendjari-%20Projdoc.pdf] * Woodroffe, R., Ginsberg, J.R. and D.W. Macdonald. 1997. ''The African wild dog: status survey and conservation action plan'', IUCN/SSC Candid Specialist Group, Published by IUCN, == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ Official Page] * {{cite web|url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/6039|author=BirdLife International|title=Important Bird Areas factsheet: Pendjari National Park}} * [https://www.flickr.com/photos/8834404@N02/sets/72157600375875363/ Photos of Pendjari National Park] * [https://news.mongabay.com/2018/02/23-5-million-funding-pledge-aims-to-protect-critical-west-african-national-park/ $23.5 million funding pledge aims to protect critical West African national park] t6y58864ol5wmuvkvwllntqsykprbs2 4 21908 888307 887912 2026-07-27T21:25:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 888307 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:HaileyChoi9|HaileyChoi9]] |[[Special:Contributions/HaileyChoi9|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 26 ga Yuli 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Ises de Almeida Abrahamsohn|Ises de Almeida Abrahamsohn]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ises de Almeida Abrahamsohn|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Amazingaljicrowley3679|Amazingaljicrowley3679]] |[[Special:Contributions/Amazingaljicrowley3679|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Lysandery|Lysandery]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lysandery|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Lokacinda|Lokacinda]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lokacinda|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |6 |[[User:GinawaSaHapon|GinawaSaHapon]] |[[Special:Contributions/GinawaSaHapon|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Iishaqman|Iishaqman]] |[[Special:Contributions/Iishaqman|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |8 |[[User:ChaoticDucc|ChaoticDucc]] |[[Special:Contributions/ChaoticDucc|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Castamir|Castamir]] |[[Special:Contributions/Castamir|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Խաչատրյան ՏիգրաՆ|Խաչատրյան ՏիգրաՆ]] |[[Special:Contributions/Խաչատրյան ՏիգրաՆ|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Shokupan|Shokupan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shokupan|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Danmarket4199|Danmarket4199]] |[[Special:Contributions/Danmarket4199|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |13 |[[User:MrBanana1234|MrBanana1234]] |[[Special:Contributions/MrBanana1234|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |14 |[[User:DesmondAkisah|DesmondAkisah]] |[[Special:Contributions/DesmondAkisah|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |15 |[[User:DanteWikiFan|DanteWikiFan]] |[[Special:Contributions/DanteWikiFan|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |16 |[[User:Salim Abubakar Katau|Salim Abubakar Katau]] |[[Special:Contributions/Salim Abubakar Katau|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Yuli 2026 |- |} mujkqpl5z1iuiso8pjw4fp9t1u4cmuj 0 23482 888330 886637 2026-07-27T22:33:32Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan da aka zaɓa */ 888330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Zeal Chigozie Atuanya// i (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1980) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai kuma ɗan kasuwa. [1][2] Shi ne Shugaba na Skybridimpex rufin da Uncle Lala'sTV . [3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a [[Aba]], [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], Najeriya, Atuanya ya fito ne daga Nri a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] . <ref name="Staff">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Uyo Gist |date=2024-08-18 |title=Chigozie Atuanya Biography And Net Worth |url=https://www.uyomoneygist.com/2024/08/18/chigozie-atuanya-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Uyo Money Gist |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami B.Sc. a cikin gwamnati daga [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] . <ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Atuanya ya fara fitowa a fim din 1998 mai taken King Jaja na Opobo kuma tun daga lokacin ya ci gaba da samarwa da kuma fitowa a fina-finai da yawa.<ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ "Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13!"]. 13 September 2015. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Ya taɓa zama abin koyi ga Delta Soap, yana bayyana a ɗaya daga cikin tallan talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Birthday Mates: Chigozie Atuanya and Monalisa Chinda (Born September 13) - Nigeria Movie Network |url=http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/articles/birthday-mates-chigozie-atuanya-and-monalisa-chinda-born-september-13_959.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Atuanya ta auri Jennifer Obianuju Oranika, mai digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Igbinedion, Jihar Edo . Aure na gargajiya na ma'auratan ya faru ne a ranar 31 ga Maris 2013, sannan aka yi bikin aure a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weddings |first=BellaNaija |date=2013-08-03 |title=Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya Ties the Knot with his damsel Jennifer Oranika |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/08/nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya-ties-the-knot-with-his-damsel-jennifer-oranike/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> Suna da 'yar, Kaima, an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Satumba 2014. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Last Warning'' (2002) * ''Miserable Wealth'' (2003) * ''The Great Mother'' * ''My Angel'' (2004) * Floating Feelings (2005) * ''Rattle Snake 3'' * ''Evil Forest'' * Lumba Boys (2008) * Ladies Gang (2011) a matsayin Mike * White Hunters (2010) * Fitar da Jin (2005) a matsayin Robert * ''<nowiki/>Sweet Sister'' (2006) * ''Double Slap'' (2006) * ''Royal Palace (2005) '' * ''[[Chetanna]]'' (2015) a matsayin Emeka * Brother's Keeper (2014) a matsayin Mai Kashewa * ''Native Girl'' (2018) a matsayin Chike * ''Stolen'' (2019) * ''Nkem'' (2020) * Disunion (2020) a matsayin Kalu * ''Obidike'' (2022) a matsayin Obidike * Ajiye Gimbiya (2022) a matsayin Nkemjika * Gamuwa mai ban sha'awa (2022) * Mr Wife (2023) a matsayin Chibuzor == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Kyautar !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2011 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Jama'a]] ta 2011 |Mafi kyawun Actor|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=stephen |title="With God, nothing is impossible," says Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya |url=http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810144409/http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> |- |2014 |Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards (GIAMA) |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan asalin ƙasar -''[[Chetanna]]''|{{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2014-10-29 |title=Chigozie Atuanya's Movie Wins Best Indigenous Film |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/chetanna-chigozie-atuanyas-movie-wins-best-indigenous-film/5qhdg32 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> |- |2015 |Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Zulu ta Afirka ta 2015 |Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na asali (Male) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Photos: Queen Nwokoye & Chigozie Atuanya Win Best Igbo Actress & Actor Of 2015 Awards At Zafaa - Nollywood, Nigeria, News, Celebrity, Gists, Gossips, Entertainment |url=http://naijagists.com/photos-queen-nwokoye-chigozie-atuanya-win-best-igbo-actress-actor-of-2015-awards-at-zafaa-awards-2015/ |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |- |2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 4]] |Mai gabatarwa na Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Igbo) |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards 2016: The full winners’ list |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730180303/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1tnv6eplvb8k8qqsxiabyixmksa5hsi 888331 888330 2026-07-27T22:34:18Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan da aka zaɓa */ 888331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Zeal Chigozie Atuanya// i (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1980) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai kuma ɗan kasuwa. [1][2] Shi ne Shugaba na Skybridimpex rufin da Uncle Lala'sTV . [3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a [[Aba]], [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], Najeriya, Atuanya ya fito ne daga Nri a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] . <ref name="Staff">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Uyo Gist |date=2024-08-18 |title=Chigozie Atuanya Biography And Net Worth |url=https://www.uyomoneygist.com/2024/08/18/chigozie-atuanya-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Uyo Money Gist |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami B.Sc. a cikin gwamnati daga [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] . <ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Atuanya ya fara fitowa a fim din 1998 mai taken King Jaja na Opobo kuma tun daga lokacin ya ci gaba da samarwa da kuma fitowa a fina-finai da yawa.<ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ "Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13!"]. 13 September 2015. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Ya taɓa zama abin koyi ga Delta Soap, yana bayyana a ɗaya daga cikin tallan talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Birthday Mates: Chigozie Atuanya and Monalisa Chinda (Born September 13) - Nigeria Movie Network |url=http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/articles/birthday-mates-chigozie-atuanya-and-monalisa-chinda-born-september-13_959.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Atuanya ta auri Jennifer Obianuju Oranika, mai digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Igbinedion, Jihar Edo . Aure na gargajiya na ma'auratan ya faru ne a ranar 31 ga Maris 2013, sannan aka yi bikin aure a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weddings |first=BellaNaija |date=2013-08-03 |title=Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya Ties the Knot with his damsel Jennifer Oranika |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/08/nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya-ties-the-knot-with-his-damsel-jennifer-oranike/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> Suna da 'yar, Kaima, an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Satumba 2014. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Last Warning'' (2002) * ''Miserable Wealth'' (2003) * ''The Great Mother'' * ''My Angel'' (2004) * Floating Feelings (2005) * ''Rattle Snake 3'' * ''Evil Forest'' * Lumba Boys (2008) * Ladies Gang (2011) a matsayin Mike * White Hunters (2010) * Fitar da Jin (2005) a matsayin Robert * ''<nowiki/>Sweet Sister'' (2006) * ''Double Slap'' (2006) * ''Royal Palace (2005) '' * ''[[Chetanna]]'' (2015) a matsayin Emeka * Brother's Keeper (2014) a matsayin Mai Kashewa * ''Native Girl'' (2018) a matsayin Chike * ''Stolen'' (2019) * ''Nkem'' (2020) * Disunion (2020) a matsayin Kalu * ''Obidike'' (2022) a matsayin Obidike * (2022) a matsayin Nkemjika * Gamuwa mai ban sha'awa (2022) * Mr Wife (2023) a matsayin Chibuzor == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Kyautar !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2011 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Jama'a]] ta 2011 |Mafi kyawun Actor|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=stephen |title="With God, nothing is impossible," says Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya |url=http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810144409/http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> |- |2014 |Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards (GIAMA) |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan asalin ƙasar -''[[Chetanna]]''|{{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2014-10-29 |title=Chigozie Atuanya's Movie Wins Best Indigenous Film |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/chetanna-chigozie-atuanyas-movie-wins-best-indigenous-film/5qhdg32 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> |- |2015 |Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Zulu ta Afirka ta 2015 |Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na asali (Male) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Photos: Queen Nwokoye & Chigozie Atuanya Win Best Igbo Actress & Actor Of 2015 Awards At Zafaa - Nollywood, Nigeria, News, Celebrity, Gists, Gossips, Entertainment |url=http://naijagists.com/photos-queen-nwokoye-chigozie-atuanya-win-best-igbo-actress-actor-of-2015-awards-at-zafaa-awards-2015/ |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |- |2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 4]] |Mai gabatarwa na Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Igbo) |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards 2016: The full winners’ list |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730180303/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1nmtil0hn40xiksj0ay7wuwvd8d7mds 888332 888331 2026-07-27T22:35:14Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan da aka zaɓa */ 888332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Zeal Chigozie Atuanya// i (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1980) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai kuma ɗan kasuwa. [1][2] Shi ne Shugaba na Skybridimpex rufin da Uncle Lala'sTV . [3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a [[Aba]], [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], Najeriya, Atuanya ya fito ne daga Nri a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] . <ref name="Staff">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Uyo Gist |date=2024-08-18 |title=Chigozie Atuanya Biography And Net Worth |url=https://www.uyomoneygist.com/2024/08/18/chigozie-atuanya-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Uyo Money Gist |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami B.Sc. a cikin gwamnati daga [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] . <ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Atuanya ya fara fitowa a fim din 1998 mai taken King Jaja na Opobo kuma tun daga lokacin ya ci gaba da samarwa da kuma fitowa a fina-finai da yawa.<ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ "Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13!"]. 13 September 2015. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Ya taɓa zama abin koyi ga Delta Soap, yana bayyana a ɗaya daga cikin tallan talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Birthday Mates: Chigozie Atuanya and Monalisa Chinda (Born September 13) - Nigeria Movie Network |url=http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/articles/birthday-mates-chigozie-atuanya-and-monalisa-chinda-born-september-13_959.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Atuanya ta auri Jennifer Obianuju Oranika, mai digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Igbinedion, Jihar Edo . Aure na gargajiya na ma'auratan ya faru ne a ranar 31 ga Maris 2013, sannan aka yi bikin aure a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weddings |first=BellaNaija |date=2013-08-03 |title=Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya Ties the Knot with his damsel Jennifer Oranika |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/08/nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya-ties-the-knot-with-his-damsel-jennifer-oranike/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> Suna da 'yar, Kaima, an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Satumba 2014. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Last Warning'' (2002) * ''Miserable Wealth'' (2003) * ''The Great Mother'' * ''My Angel'' (2004) * Floating Feelings (2005) * ''Rattle Snake 3'' * ''Evil Forest'' * Lumba Boys (2008) * Ladies Gang (2011) a matsayin Mike * White Hunters (2010) * Fitar da Jin (2005) a matsayin Robert * ''<nowiki/>Sweet Sister'' (2006) * ''Double Slap'' (2006) * ''Royal Palace (2005) '' * ''[[Chetanna]]'' (2015) a matsayin Emeka * Brother's Keeper (2014) a matsayin Mai Kashewa * ''Native Girl'' (2018) a matsayin Chike * ''Stolen'' (2019) * ''Nkem'' (2020) * Disunion (2020) a matsayin Kalu * ''Obidike'' (2022) a matsayin Obidike * Save the princess (2022) a matsayin Nkemjika * Gamuwa mai ban sha'awa (2022) * Mr Wife (2023) a matsayin Chibuzor == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Kyautar !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2011 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Jama'a]] ta 2011 |Mafi kyawun Actor|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=stephen |title="With God, nothing is impossible," says Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya |url=http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810144409/http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> |- |2014 |Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards (GIAMA) |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan asalin ƙasar -''[[Chetanna]]''|{{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2014-10-29 |title=Chigozie Atuanya's Movie Wins Best Indigenous Film |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/chetanna-chigozie-atuanyas-movie-wins-best-indigenous-film/5qhdg32 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> |- |2015 |Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Zulu ta Afirka ta 2015 |Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na asali (Male) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Photos: Queen Nwokoye & Chigozie Atuanya Win Best Igbo Actress & Actor Of 2015 Awards At Zafaa - Nollywood, Nigeria, News, Celebrity, Gists, Gossips, Entertainment |url=http://naijagists.com/photos-queen-nwokoye-chigozie-atuanya-win-best-igbo-actress-actor-of-2015-awards-at-zafaa-awards-2015/ |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |- |2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 4]] |Mai gabatarwa na Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Igbo) |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards 2016: The full winners’ list |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730180303/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bm55niq8bzn2anppo9xtpo24f8796qy 888333 888332 2026-07-27T22:37:13Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan da aka zaɓa */ 888333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Zeal Chigozie Atuanya// i (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1980) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai kuma ɗan kasuwa. [1][2] Shi ne Shugaba na Skybridimpex rufin da Uncle Lala'sTV . [3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a [[Aba]], [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], Najeriya, Atuanya ya fito ne daga Nri a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] . <ref name="Staff">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Uyo Gist |date=2024-08-18 |title=Chigozie Atuanya Biography And Net Worth |url=https://www.uyomoneygist.com/2024/08/18/chigozie-atuanya-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Uyo Money Gist |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami B.Sc. a cikin gwamnati daga [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] . <ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Atuanya ya fara fitowa a fim din 1998 mai taken King Jaja na Opobo kuma tun daga lokacin ya ci gaba da samarwa da kuma fitowa a fina-finai da yawa.<ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ "Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13!"]. 13 September 2015. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Ya taɓa zama abin koyi ga Delta Soap, yana bayyana a ɗaya daga cikin tallan talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Birthday Mates: Chigozie Atuanya and Monalisa Chinda (Born September 13) - Nigeria Movie Network |url=http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/articles/birthday-mates-chigozie-atuanya-and-monalisa-chinda-born-september-13_959.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Atuanya ta auri Jennifer Obianuju Oranika, mai digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Igbinedion, Jihar Edo . Aure na gargajiya na ma'auratan ya faru ne a ranar 31 ga Maris 2013, sannan aka yi bikin aure a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weddings |first=BellaNaija |date=2013-08-03 |title=Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya Ties the Knot with his damsel Jennifer Oranika |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/08/nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya-ties-the-knot-with-his-damsel-jennifer-oranike/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> Suna da 'yar, Kaima, an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Satumba 2014. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Last Warning'' (2002) * ''Miserable Wealth'' (2003) * ''The Great Mother'' * ''My Angel'' (2004) * Floating Feelings (2005) * ''Rattle Snake 3'' * ''Evil Forest'' * Lumba Boys (2008) * Ladies Gang (2011) a matsayin Mike * White Hunters (2010) * Fitar da Jin (2005) a matsayin Robert * ''<nowiki/>Sweet Sister'' (2006) * ''Double Slap'' (2006) * ''Royal Palace (2005) '' * ''[[Chetanna]]'' (2015) a matsayin Emeka * Brother's Keeper (2014) a matsayin Mai Kashewa * ''Native Girl'' (2018) a matsayin Chike * ''Stolen'' (2019) * ''Nkem'' (2020) * Disunion (2020) a matsayin Kalu * ''Obidike'' (2022) a matsayin Obidike * Save The Princess (2022) a matsayin Nkemjika * Gamuwa mai ban sha'awa (2022) * Mr Wife (2023) a matsayin Chibuzor == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Kyautar !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2011 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Jama'a]] ta 2011 |Mafi kyawun Actor|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=stephen |title="With God, nothing is impossible," says Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya |url=http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810144409/http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> |- |2014 |Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards (GIAMA) |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan asalin ƙasar -''[[Chetanna]]''|{{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2014-10-29 |title=Chigozie Atuanya's Movie Wins Best Indigenous Film |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/chetanna-chigozie-atuanyas-movie-wins-best-indigenous-film/5qhdg32 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> |- |2015 |Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Zulu ta Afirka ta 2015 |Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na asali (Male) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Photos: Queen Nwokoye & Chigozie Atuanya Win Best Igbo Actress & Actor Of 2015 Awards At Zafaa - Nollywood, Nigeria, News, Celebrity, Gists, Gossips, Entertainment |url=http://naijagists.com/photos-queen-nwokoye-chigozie-atuanya-win-best-igbo-actress-actor-of-2015-awards-at-zafaa-awards-2015/ |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |- |2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 4]] |Mai gabatarwa na Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Igbo) |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards 2016: The full winners’ list |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730180303/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tbmsnoxhmg8eei1kkdotq5y0hlqha8w 888334 888333 2026-07-27T22:37:37Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan da aka zaɓa */ 888334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Zeal Chigozie Atuanya// i (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1980) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai kuma ɗan kasuwa. [1][2] Shi ne Shugaba na Skybridimpex rufin da Uncle Lala'sTV . [3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a [[Aba]], [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], Najeriya, Atuanya ya fito ne daga Nri a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] . <ref name="Staff">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Uyo Gist |date=2024-08-18 |title=Chigozie Atuanya Biography And Net Worth |url=https://www.uyomoneygist.com/2024/08/18/chigozie-atuanya-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Uyo Money Gist |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami B.Sc. a cikin gwamnati daga [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] . <ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Atuanya ya fara fitowa a fim din 1998 mai taken King Jaja na Opobo kuma tun daga lokacin ya ci gaba da samarwa da kuma fitowa a fina-finai da yawa.<ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ "Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13!"]. 13 September 2015. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Ya taɓa zama abin koyi ga Delta Soap, yana bayyana a ɗaya daga cikin tallan talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Birthday Mates: Chigozie Atuanya and Monalisa Chinda (Born September 13) - Nigeria Movie Network |url=http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/articles/birthday-mates-chigozie-atuanya-and-monalisa-chinda-born-september-13_959.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Atuanya ta auri Jennifer Obianuju Oranika, mai digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Igbinedion, Jihar Edo . Aure na gargajiya na ma'auratan ya faru ne a ranar 31 ga Maris 2013, sannan aka yi bikin aure a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weddings |first=BellaNaija |date=2013-08-03 |title=Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya Ties the Knot with his damsel Jennifer Oranika |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/08/nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya-ties-the-knot-with-his-damsel-jennifer-oranike/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> Suna da 'yar, Kaima, an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Satumba 2014. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Last Warning'' (2002) * ''Miserable Wealth'' (2003) * ''The Great Mother'' * ''My Angel'' (2004) * Floating Feelings (2005) * ''Rattle Snake 3'' * ''Evil Forest'' * Lumba Boys (2008) * Ladies Gang (2011) a matsayin Mike * White Hunters (2010) * Fitar da Jin (2005) a matsayin Robert * ''<nowiki/>Sweet Sister'' (2006) * ''Double Slap'' (2006) * ''Royal Palace (2005) '' * ''[[Chetanna]]'' (2015) a matsayin Emeka * Brother's Keeper (2014) a matsayin Mai Kashewa * ''Native Girl'' (2018) a matsayin Chike * ''Stolen'' (2019) * ''Nkem'' (2020) * Disunion (2020) a matsayin Kalu * ''Obidike'' (2022) a matsayin Obidike * Save The Princess (2022) a matsayin Nkemjika * (2022) * Mr Wife (2023) a matsayin Chibuzor == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Kyautar !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2011 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Jama'a]] ta 2011 |Mafi kyawun Actor|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=stephen |title="With God, nothing is impossible," says Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya |url=http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810144409/http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> |- |2014 |Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards (GIAMA) |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan asalin ƙasar -''[[Chetanna]]''|{{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2014-10-29 |title=Chigozie Atuanya's Movie Wins Best Indigenous Film |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/chetanna-chigozie-atuanyas-movie-wins-best-indigenous-film/5qhdg32 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> |- |2015 |Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Zulu ta Afirka ta 2015 |Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na asali (Male) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Photos: Queen Nwokoye & Chigozie Atuanya Win Best Igbo Actress & Actor Of 2015 Awards At Zafaa - Nollywood, Nigeria, News, Celebrity, Gists, Gossips, Entertainment |url=http://naijagists.com/photos-queen-nwokoye-chigozie-atuanya-win-best-igbo-actress-actor-of-2015-awards-at-zafaa-awards-2015/ |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |- |2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 4]] |Mai gabatarwa na Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Igbo) |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards 2016: The full winners’ list |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730180303/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 89nth9mptqv3n7882slmf46zanh5nrr 888335 888334 2026-07-27T22:38:52Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan da aka zaɓa */ 888335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Zeal Chigozie Atuanya// i (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1980) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai kuma ɗan kasuwa. [1][2] Shi ne Shugaba na Skybridimpex rufin da Uncle Lala'sTV . [3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife shi a [[Aba]], [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]], Najeriya, Atuanya ya fito ne daga Nri a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] . <ref name="Staff">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Uyo Gist |date=2024-08-18 |title=Chigozie Atuanya Biography And Net Worth |url=https://www.uyomoneygist.com/2024/08/18/chigozie-atuanya-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Uyo Money Gist |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami B.Sc. a cikin gwamnati daga [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] . <ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Atuanya ya fara fitowa a fim din 1998 mai taken King Jaja na Opobo kuma tun daga lokacin ya ci gaba da samarwa da kuma fitowa a fina-finai da yawa.<ref name="nollywoodcommunity.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=13 September 2015 |title=Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13! |url=http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160624132021/http://nollywoodcommunity.com/happy-birthday-to-chigozie-atuanya-born-september-13/ "Happy birthday to Chigozie Atuanya, born September 13!"]. 13 September 2015. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Ya taɓa zama abin koyi ga Delta Soap, yana bayyana a ɗaya daga cikin tallan talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Birthday Mates: Chigozie Atuanya and Monalisa Chinda (Born September 13) - Nigeria Movie Network |url=http://www.nigeriamovienetwork.com/articles/birthday-mates-chigozie-atuanya-and-monalisa-chinda-born-september-13_959.html |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Atuanya ta auri Jennifer Obianuju Oranika, mai digiri na shari'a daga Jami'ar Igbinedion, Jihar Edo . Aure na gargajiya na ma'auratan ya faru ne a ranar 31 ga Maris 2013, sannan aka yi bikin aure a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weddings |first=BellaNaija |date=2013-08-03 |title=Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya Ties the Knot with his damsel Jennifer Oranika |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/08/nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya-ties-the-knot-with-his-damsel-jennifer-oranike/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> Suna da 'yar, Kaima, an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Satumba 2014. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Last Warning'' (2002) * ''Miserable Wealth'' (2003) * ''The Great Mother'' * ''My Angel'' (2004) * Floating Feelings (2005) * ''Rattle Snake 3'' * ''Evil Forest'' * Lumba Boys (2008) * Ladies Gang (2011) a matsayin Mike * White Hunters (2010) * Fitar da Jin (2005) a matsayin Robert * ''<nowiki/>Sweet Sister'' (2006) * ''Double Slap'' (2006) * ''Royal Palace (2005) '' * ''[[Chetanna]]'' (2015) a matsayin Emeka * Brother's Keeper (2014) a matsayin Mai Kashewa * ''Native Girl'' (2018) a matsayin Chike * ''Stolen'' (2019) * ''Nkem'' (2020) * Disunion (2020) a matsayin Kalu * ''Obidike'' (2022) a matsayin Obidike * Save The Princess (2022) a matsayin Nkemjika * Passionate Encounter (2022) * Mr Wife (2023) a matsayin Chibuzor == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Kyautar !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2011 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Jama'a]] ta 2011 |Mafi kyawun Actor|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=stephen |title="With God, nothing is impossible," says Nollywood Actor Chigozie Atuanya |url=http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810144409/http://www.africa-news.eu/entertainment/entertainment/entertainment/with-god-nothing-is-impossible-says-nollywood-actor-chigozie-atuanya.html |archive-date=10 August 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016}}</ref> |- |2014 |Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards (GIAMA) |Mafi kyawun Fim na 'yan asalin ƙasar -''[[Chetanna]]''|{{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2014-10-29 |title=Chigozie Atuanya's Movie Wins Best Indigenous Film |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/chetanna-chigozie-atuanyas-movie-wins-best-indigenous-film/5qhdg32 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> |- |2015 |Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Zulu ta Afirka ta 2015 |Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na asali (Male) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Photos: Queen Nwokoye & Chigozie Atuanya Win Best Igbo Actress & Actor Of 2015 Awards At Zafaa - Nollywood, Nigeria, News, Celebrity, Gists, Gossips, Entertainment |url=http://naijagists.com/photos-queen-nwokoye-chigozie-atuanya-win-best-igbo-actress-actor-of-2015-awards-at-zafaa-awards-2015/ |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |- |2016 |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 4]] |Mai gabatarwa na Mafi kyawun Fim na Harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (Igbo) |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards 2016: The full winners’ list |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730180303/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419014/africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards-2016-winners-list |archive-date=30 July 2019 |access-date=6 June 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 29dj2d74mr9r9kq6ivs97holap1br0s 0 25063 888205 711761 2026-07-27T16:35:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 888205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Jamie Hector Shankbone NYC 2010 (4543209014).jpg|thumb|Jamie Hector]] '''Jamie Hector''' (an haifeshi ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, 1975) a birnin Brooklyn, [[New York (jiha)|New York,]] U.S. Jarumi ne. ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== == Sana'a == Hector ya fara aiki nan da nan bayan makarantar sakandare lokacin da ya bincika kamfanin haɗin gwiwar al'umma. Yayin da kuma yake kwaleji yana da ayyuka a cikin nunin talabijin kamar ''New York Undercover'', ''Watch Watch na uku'', ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni'', ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni: Sashin Wadanda ke fama da Musamman'', da ''The Beat'' . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi rajista a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lee Strasberg da Cibiyar Fina -Finan a Birnin New York. Hector ya bayyana a cikin fim ɗin da aka ''Biya a Ciki'' (2002). Ya danganta ɗan lokaci mai mahimmanci a cikin aikinsa ga ɗan gajeren fim ɗin ''Five Deep Breaths'' (2003) wanda Seith Mann ya jagoranta. Tare da Hector a cikin rawar da ke jagorantar, ''Numfashi Mai Ruwa Biyar'' shine Zaɓin Zaɓuɓɓuka na Cannes, Sundance, Tribeca, da Fim ɗin Fina -Finan IFP; ya ci gaba da tara lambobin yabo 16.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2016}} Daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2008, Hector ya buga Marlo Stanfield akan wasan kwaikwayon talabijin na HBO ''The Wire'', saurayi, mai son zuciya, mai hankali da rashin tausayi na shugaban ƙungiyar Stanfield mai suna a cikin kasuwancin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Baltimore. A cikin shekara ta 2016, ''Rolling Stone ya ba'' shi lambar #2 na "40 Babban TV Villains na Duk Lokaci". Hector ya yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ''Blackout'' (2007) tare da Melvin Van Peebles da Jeffrey Wright, kuma an nuna shi azaman mai maimaita Benjamin "Knox" Washington a cikin kakar na uku na ''Jarumai'' . Hector ya fito a cikin fim <nowiki><i id="mwPg">Max Payne</i></nowiki> (2008), inda yake taka rawar Lincoln DeNeuf, maigidan laifi na Haiti. Hector kuma ya fito a cikin fim ɗin talabijin ''Kamar Wata Rana'' (2009), yana wasa rapper mai suna Young Eastie, wanda ke ƙoƙarin yin ta ko ta halin kaka. Fim dinsa na gaba shine ''Night Catches Us'' (2010), tare da Kerri Washington da Anthony Mackie. Ya ba da sanarwar Emile-A239 (Noble 4) a ''Halo: Reach'' . A cikin 2014, Hector ya fara yin tauraro a cikin jerin ''Bosch'' a matsayin Jerry Edgar, jami'in bincike da abokin hulɗar hali Harry Bosch, wanda Titus Welliver ya buga . Hector ya kasance wani ɓangare na jerin taurarin da aka jefa a cikin tseren kakar sa bakwai. [[Fayil:JAMIE HECTOR.jpg|thumb|Jamie Hector]] A cikin shekara ta 2017, Hector ya bayyana akan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka ''Sarauniya ta Kudu'' a matsayin Devon Finch, a cikin ɓangarori shida na kakar 2. == Ƙoƙari == A cikin shekara ta 2007, Hector ya kafa Moving Mountains, Inc., ƙungiyar tushen gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai ba da riba wanda ke ba wa matasa darussan shekara-shekara a wasan kwaikwayo, rawa, murya, da azuzuwan fim. == Finafinai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Fina -finan Fasaha |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Titin Canal'' | Fasto Sam Billings | |- | ''Shakku Thomas'' | Ron | |- | 2017 | ''Duk Eyez akan Ni'' | Mutulu Shakur | |- | 2015 | ''Shekara da Canji'' | Todd | |- | rowspan="4" | 2014 | ''Samun Dama'' | Ba a sani ba | Mai Gabatarwa<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Short film |- | ''Fara Farawa'' | Ken Blackstone | |- | ''Birnin Sihiri'' | 'Tru' | |- | ''Muggings na New York City'' | Ba a sani ba | Short film |- | rowspan="3" | 2013 | ''Hannun Jini'' | Jami'in bincike Nick | |- | ''Kamfanin Habeas Corpus'' | Gary | Short film |- | ''Mai Tsaron Alkawari'' | Yves | |- | rowspan="3" | 2012 | ''8090'' | Felix | Short film |- | ''Ji daga ciki'' | Samuels | |- | ''Rayuwa, Soyayya, Rai'' | Mista Roundtree | |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''Kyauta'' | Darnell Powell | |- | ''Dare Yana Kama Mu'' | 'DoRight' Miller | |- | 2009 | ''Kamar Wata Rana'' | Matashi Eastie | |- | 2008 | ''Max Payne'' | Lincoln DeNeuf | |- | 2007 | ''Baƙi'' | Rasheed | |- | rowspan="3" | 2004 | ''Brooklyn Daure'' | Kotun | |- | ''Jama'a na yau da kullun'' | Devon | |- | ''Hanyar Joy'' | Dante | |- | 2003 | ''Numfashi mai zurfi guda biyar'' | Banny | Short film |- | rowspan="2" | 2002 | ''An Biya Cikakke'' | Dunn | |- | ''Central Park Jog'' | Jogger #2 | Short film |- | 2001 | ''Wakar Kurkuku'' | Kid Kid | |- | 2000 | ''Ranar da Ponies zasu dawo'' | Darryl Boyd | |- | 1999 | ''Karen fatalwa'' | Gangsta Cikin Ja | |- | 1998 | ''Ya Samu Game'' | 'Ina son ku' Leech | |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Talabijin |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Bayanan kula |- | TBA | ''Mu Mallakar Wannan Gari'' | Sean M. Suiter | Mini-jerin, Babban Cast |- | 2019 | ''Wu-Tang: Saga Ba'amurke'' | Andre D. Andre | 4 aukuwa |- | 2017–2021 | ''Sarauniyar Kudu'' | Devon Finch | 11 aukuwa |- | 2016 | ''Ma'adinai'' | Arthur Sulaiman | Sashe na 2 |- | 2014–2021 | ''Bosch'' | Jerry Edgar | 68 aukuwa |- | 2014–2017 | ''Yanayin'' | Alonso Creem | 10 aukuwa |- | rowspan="2" | 2014–2015 | ''Iko'' | 'Mai hankali' | 5 aukuwa |- | ''Mutum Mai Sha'awa'' | Lincoln 'Link' Cordell | 4 aukuwa |- | rowspan="3" | 2012 | ''TRON: Tashin hankali'' | Moog (murya) | Tagged (#1.14) |- | ''Dokar gama gari'' | Bart, Jami'in Tsaro | Zafi ga Malami (#1.11) |- | ''Har Yanzu Muna Nan?'' | Ba a sani ba | Shirin Godiya (#3.43) |- | 2011 | ''CSI: Miami'' | Jean Guiton | Ƙasar Farauta (#9.16) |- | rowspan="3" | 2010 | ''Karyata Ni'' | Henry Miller | A cikin Ja (#3.1) |- | ''Frederick Douglass: Hanya daga Bauta zuwa 'Yanci'' | Frederick Douglass | Fim din TV |- | ''Rahama'' | Dan fashi | 2 aukuwa |- | 2009 | ''Halin sanyi'' | Ronde Brooks '70 | Rai (#7.4) |- | rowspan="3" | 2008 | ''Jarumai'' | Benjamin 'Knox' Washington | 10 aukuwa |- | ''Wasan'' | Carnell | Kafin Parade Ya Wuce (#2.17) |- | ''Yariko'' | Kofur Adams | Masu kishin kasa da Azzalumai (#2.7) |- | 2004-2008 | ''Waya'' | Marlo Stanfield | 32 aukuwa (Yankuna 3-5) |- | 2002 | ''Doka &amp;amp; Umurni: Ƙungiyar Masu Ruwa ta Musamman'' | 'Dokar' | Adalci (#3.19) |- | 2001 | ''Kallo Na Uku'' | Legros | . . . Kuma Zeus yayi kuka (#2.22) |- | rowspan="2" | 2000 | ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni'' | Jean Marchier ne adam wata | Ƙona Baby Burn (#11.6) |- | ''Da Beat'' | Rasta | Sunce Ranar Haihuwar ku ce (#1.2) |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Wasanin bidiyo |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi |- | 2019 | ''Gears 5'' | Emile-A239 |- | 2016 | ''An wulakanta 2'' | Mataimakin Jami'in Liam Byrne |- | 2010 | ''Halo: Zuwa'' | Emile-A239 |- | rowspan="2" | 2005 | ''Babban Sata Auto: Labarun Labarin 'Yanci'' | Miguel |- | ''Jaruman'' | Ƙarin Soja |}   ==Manazarta== 7zajceha473z48y1wkcwueis6r5yb72 888207 888205 2026-07-27T16:36:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 888207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Jamie Hector Shankbone NYC 2010 (4543209014).jpg|thumb|Jamie Hector]] '''Jamie Hector''' (an haifeshi ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, 1975) a birnin Brooklyn, [[New York (jiha)|New York,]] U.S. Jarumi ne. ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== == Sana'a == Hector ya fara aiki nan da nan bayan makarantar sakandare lokacin da ya bincika kamfanin haɗin gwiwar al'umma. Yayin da kuma yake kwaleji yana da ayyuka a cikin nunin talabijin kamar ''New York Undercover'', ''Watch Watch na uku'', ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni'', ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni: Sashin Wadanda ke fama da Musamman'', da ''The Beat'' . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi rajista a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lee Strasberg da Cibiyar Fina -Finan a Birnin New York. Hector ya bayyana a cikin fim ɗin da aka ''Biya a Ciki'' (2002). Ya danganta ɗan lokaci mai mahimmanci a cikin aikinsa ga ɗan gajeren fim ɗin ''Five Deep Breaths'' (2003) wanda Seith Mann ya jagoranta. Tare da Hector a cikin rawar da ke jagorantar, ''Numfashi Mai Ruwa Biyar'' shine Zaɓin Zaɓuɓɓuka na Cannes, Sundance, Tribeca, da Fim ɗin Fina -Finan IFP; ya ci gaba da tara lambobin yabo 16. Daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2008, Hector ya buga Marlo Stanfield akan wasan kwaikwayon talabijin na HBO ''The Wire'', saurayi, mai son zuciya, mai hankali da rashin tausayi na shugaban ƙungiyar Stanfield mai suna a cikin kasuwancin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Baltimore. A cikin shekara ta 2016, ''Rolling Stone ya ba'' shi lambar #2 na "40 Babban TV Villains na Duk Lokaci". Hector ya yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ''Blackout'' (2007) tare da Melvin Van Peebles da Jeffrey Wright, kuma an nuna shi azaman mai maimaita Benjamin "Knox" Washington a cikin kakar na uku na ''Jarumai'' . Hector ya fito a cikin fim <nowiki><i id="mwPg">Max Payne</i></nowiki> (2008), inda yake taka rawar Lincoln DeNeuf, maigidan laifi na Haiti. Hector kuma ya fito a cikin fim ɗin talabijin ''Kamar Wata Rana'' (2009), yana wasa rapper mai suna Young Eastie, wanda ke ƙoƙarin yin ta ko ta halin kaka. Fim dinsa na gaba shine ''Night Catches Us'' (2010), tare da Kerri Washington da Anthony Mackie. Ya ba da sanarwar Emile-A239 (Noble 4) a ''Halo: Reach'' . A cikin 2014, Hector ya fara yin tauraro a cikin jerin ''Bosch'' a matsayin Jerry Edgar, jami'in bincike da abokin hulɗar hali Harry Bosch, wanda Titus Welliver ya buga . Hector ya kasance wani ɓangare na jerin taurarin da aka jefa a cikin tseren kakar sa bakwai. [[Fayil:JAMIE HECTOR.jpg|thumb|Jamie Hector]] A cikin shekara ta 2017, Hector ya bayyana akan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka ''Sarauniya ta Kudu'' a matsayin Devon Finch, a cikin ɓangarori shida na kakar 2. == Ƙoƙari == A cikin shekara ta 2007, Hector ya kafa Moving Mountains, Inc., ƙungiyar tushen gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai ba da riba wanda ke ba wa matasa darussan shekara-shekara a wasan kwaikwayo, rawa, murya, da azuzuwan fim. == Finafinai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Fina -finan Fasaha |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Titin Canal'' | Fasto Sam Billings | |- | ''Shakku Thomas'' | Ron | |- | 2017 | ''Duk Eyez akan Ni'' | Mutulu Shakur | |- | 2015 | ''Shekara da Canji'' | Todd | |- | rowspan="4" | 2014 | ''Samun Dama'' | Ba a sani ba | Mai Gabatarwa<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Short film |- | ''Fara Farawa'' | Ken Blackstone | |- | ''Birnin Sihiri'' | 'Tru' | |- | ''Muggings na New York City'' | Ba a sani ba | Short film |- | rowspan="3" | 2013 | ''Hannun Jini'' | Jami'in bincike Nick | |- | ''Kamfanin Habeas Corpus'' | Gary | Short film |- | ''Mai Tsaron Alkawari'' | Yves | |- | rowspan="3" | 2012 | ''8090'' | Felix | Short film |- | ''Ji daga ciki'' | Samuels | |- | ''Rayuwa, Soyayya, Rai'' | Mista Roundtree | |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''Kyauta'' | Darnell Powell | |- | ''Dare Yana Kama Mu'' | 'DoRight' Miller | |- | 2009 | ''Kamar Wata Rana'' | Matashi Eastie | |- | 2008 | ''Max Payne'' | Lincoln DeNeuf | |- | 2007 | ''Baƙi'' | Rasheed | |- | rowspan="3" | 2004 | ''Brooklyn Daure'' | Kotun | |- | ''Jama'a na yau da kullun'' | Devon | |- | ''Hanyar Joy'' | Dante | |- | 2003 | ''Numfashi mai zurfi guda biyar'' | Banny | Short film |- | rowspan="2" | 2002 | ''An Biya Cikakke'' | Dunn | |- | ''Central Park Jog'' | Jogger #2 | Short film |- | 2001 | ''Wakar Kurkuku'' | Kid Kid | |- | 2000 | ''Ranar da Ponies zasu dawo'' | Darryl Boyd | |- | 1999 | ''Karen fatalwa'' | Gangsta Cikin Ja | |- | 1998 | ''Ya Samu Game'' | 'Ina son ku' Leech | |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Talabijin |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Bayanan kula |- | TBA | ''Mu Mallakar Wannan Gari'' | Sean M. Suiter | Mini-jerin, Babban Cast |- | 2019 | ''Wu-Tang: Saga Ba'amurke'' | Andre D. Andre | 4 aukuwa |- | 2017–2021 | ''Sarauniyar Kudu'' | Devon Finch | 11 aukuwa |- | 2016 | ''Ma'adinai'' | Arthur Sulaiman | Sashe na 2 |- | 2014–2021 | ''Bosch'' | Jerry Edgar | 68 aukuwa |- | 2014–2017 | ''Yanayin'' | Alonso Creem | 10 aukuwa |- | rowspan="2" | 2014–2015 | ''Iko'' | 'Mai hankali' | 5 aukuwa |- | ''Mutum Mai Sha'awa'' | Lincoln 'Link' Cordell | 4 aukuwa |- | rowspan="3" | 2012 | ''TRON: Tashin hankali'' | Moog (murya) | Tagged (#1.14) |- | ''Dokar gama gari'' | Bart, Jami'in Tsaro | Zafi ga Malami (#1.11) |- | ''Har Yanzu Muna Nan?'' | Ba a sani ba | Shirin Godiya (#3.43) |- | 2011 | ''CSI: Miami'' | Jean Guiton | Ƙasar Farauta (#9.16) |- | rowspan="3" | 2010 | ''Karyata Ni'' | Henry Miller | A cikin Ja (#3.1) |- | ''Frederick Douglass: Hanya daga Bauta zuwa 'Yanci'' | Frederick Douglass | Fim din TV |- | ''Rahama'' | Dan fashi | 2 aukuwa |- | 2009 | ''Halin sanyi'' | Ronde Brooks '70 | Rai (#7.4) |- | rowspan="3" | 2008 | ''Jarumai'' | Benjamin 'Knox' Washington | 10 aukuwa |- | ''Wasan'' | Carnell | Kafin Parade Ya Wuce (#2.17) |- | ''Yariko'' | Kofur Adams | Masu kishin kasa da Azzalumai (#2.7) |- | 2004-2008 | ''Waya'' | Marlo Stanfield | 32 aukuwa (Yankuna 3-5) |- | 2002 | ''Doka &amp;amp; Umurni: Ƙungiyar Masu Ruwa ta Musamman'' | 'Dokar' | Adalci (#3.19) |- | 2001 | ''Kallo Na Uku'' | Legros | . . . Kuma Zeus yayi kuka (#2.22) |- | rowspan="2" | 2000 | ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni'' | Jean Marchier ne adam wata | Ƙona Baby Burn (#11.6) |- | ''Da Beat'' | Rasta | Sunce Ranar Haihuwar ku ce (#1.2) |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Wasanin bidiyo |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi |- | 2019 | ''Gears 5'' | Emile-A239 |- | 2016 | ''An wulakanta 2'' | Mataimakin Jami'in Liam Byrne |- | 2010 | ''Halo: Zuwa'' | Emile-A239 |- | rowspan="2" | 2005 | ''Babban Sata Auto: Labarun Labarin 'Yanci'' | Miguel |- | ''Jaruman'' | Ƙarin Soja |}   ==Manazarta== 3qlsmivrvf19wwqmihdghmsfjb4832m 888209 888207 2026-07-27T16:36:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 888209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Jamie Hector Shankbone NYC 2010 (4543209014).jpg|thumb|Jamie Hector]] '''Jamie Hector''' (an haifeshi ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, 1975) a birnin Brooklyn, [[New York (jiha)|New York,]] U.S. Jarumi ne. ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== == Sana'a == Hector ya fara aiki nan da nan bayan makarantar sakandare lokacin da ya bincika kamfanin haɗin gwiwar al'umma. Yayin da kuma yake kwaleji yana da ayyuka a cikin nunin talabijin kamar ''New York Undercover'', ''Watch Watch na uku'', ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni'', ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni: Sashin Wadanda ke fama da Musamman'', da ''The Beat'' . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi rajista a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lee Strasberg da Cibiyar Fina -Finan a Birnin New York. Hector ya bayyana a cikin fim ɗin da aka ''Biya a Ciki'' (2002). Ya danganta ɗan lokaci mai mahimmanci a cikin aikinsa ga ɗan gajeren fim ɗin ''Five Deep Breaths'' (2003) wanda Seith Mann ya jagoranta. Tare da Hector a cikin rawar da ke jagorantar, ''Numfashi Mai Ruwa Biyar'' shine Zaɓin Zaɓuɓɓuka na Cannes, Sundance, Tribeca, da Fim ɗin Fina -Finan IFP; ya ci gaba da tara lambobin yabo 16. Daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2008, Hector ya buga Marlo Stanfield akan wasan kwaikwayon talabijin na HBO ''The Wire'', saurayi, mai son zuciya, mai hankali da rashin tausayi na shugaban ƙungiyar Stanfield mai suna a cikin kasuwancin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Baltimore. A cikin shekara ta 2016, ''Rolling Stone ya ba'' shi lambar #2 na "40 Babban TV Villains na Duk Lokaci". Hector ya yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ''Blackout'' (2007) tare da Melvin Van Peebles da Jeffrey Wright, kuma an nuna shi azaman mai maimaita Benjamin "Knox" Washington a cikin kakar na uku na ''Jarumai'' . Hector ya fito a cikin fim <nowiki><i id="mwPg">Max Payne</i></nowiki> (2008), inda yake taka rawar Lincoln DeNeuf, maigidan laifi na Haiti. Hector kuma ya fito a cikin fim ɗin talabijin ''Kamar Wata Rana'' (2009), yana wasa rapper mai suna Young Eastie, wanda ke ƙoƙarin yin ta ko ta halin kaka. Fim dinsa na gaba shine ''Night Catches Us'' (2010), tare da Kerri Washington da Anthony Mackie. Ya ba da sanarwar Emile-A239 (Noble 4) a ''Halo: Reach.''<ref>Clark, Dove (July 4, 2010). "Jamie Hector Talks Acting to Activism; From Black Panthers to British Petroleum [ULx Exclusive]". xappeal.net. Archived from the original on May 24, 2024. Retrieved November 25, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2014, Hector ya fara yin tauraro a cikin jerin ''Bosch'' a matsayin Jerry Edgar, jami'in bincike da abokin hulɗar hali Harry Bosch, wanda Titus Welliver ya buga . Hector ya kasance wani ɓangare na jerin taurarin da aka jefa a cikin tseren kakar sa bakwai. [[Fayil:JAMIE HECTOR.jpg|thumb|Jamie Hector]] A cikin shekara ta 2017, Hector ya bayyana akan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka ''Sarauniya ta Kudu'' a matsayin Devon Finch, a cikin ɓangarori shida na kakar 2. == Ƙoƙari == A cikin shekara ta 2007, Hector ya kafa Moving Mountains, Inc., ƙungiyar tushen gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai ba da riba wanda ke ba wa matasa darussan shekara-shekara a wasan kwaikwayo, rawa, murya, da azuzuwan fim. == Finafinai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Fina -finan Fasaha |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Titin Canal'' | Fasto Sam Billings | |- | ''Shakku Thomas'' | Ron | |- | 2017 | ''Duk Eyez akan Ni'' | Mutulu Shakur | |- | 2015 | ''Shekara da Canji'' | Todd | |- | rowspan="4" | 2014 | ''Samun Dama'' | Ba a sani ba | Mai Gabatarwa<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Short film |- | ''Fara Farawa'' | Ken Blackstone | |- | ''Birnin Sihiri'' | 'Tru' | |- | ''Muggings na New York City'' | Ba a sani ba | Short film |- | rowspan="3" | 2013 | ''Hannun Jini'' | Jami'in bincike Nick | |- | ''Kamfanin Habeas Corpus'' | Gary | Short film |- | ''Mai Tsaron Alkawari'' | Yves | |- | rowspan="3" | 2012 | ''8090'' | Felix | Short film |- | ''Ji daga ciki'' | Samuels | |- | ''Rayuwa, Soyayya, Rai'' | Mista Roundtree | |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''Kyauta'' | Darnell Powell | |- | ''Dare Yana Kama Mu'' | 'DoRight' Miller | |- | 2009 | ''Kamar Wata Rana'' | Matashi Eastie | |- | 2008 | ''Max Payne'' | Lincoln DeNeuf | |- | 2007 | ''Baƙi'' | Rasheed | |- | rowspan="3" | 2004 | ''Brooklyn Daure'' | Kotun | |- | ''Jama'a na yau da kullun'' | Devon | |- | ''Hanyar Joy'' | Dante | |- | 2003 | ''Numfashi mai zurfi guda biyar'' | Banny | Short film |- | rowspan="2" | 2002 | ''An Biya Cikakke'' | Dunn | |- | ''Central Park Jog'' | Jogger #2 | Short film |- | 2001 | ''Wakar Kurkuku'' | Kid Kid | |- | 2000 | ''Ranar da Ponies zasu dawo'' | Darryl Boyd | |- | 1999 | ''Karen fatalwa'' | Gangsta Cikin Ja | |- | 1998 | ''Ya Samu Game'' | 'Ina son ku' Leech | |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Talabijin |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Bayanan kula |- | TBA | ''Mu Mallakar Wannan Gari'' | Sean M. Suiter | Mini-jerin, Babban Cast |- | 2019 | ''Wu-Tang: Saga Ba'amurke'' | Andre D. Andre | 4 aukuwa |- | 2017–2021 | ''Sarauniyar Kudu'' | Devon Finch | 11 aukuwa |- | 2016 | ''Ma'adinai'' | Arthur Sulaiman | Sashe na 2 |- | 2014–2021 | ''Bosch'' | Jerry Edgar | 68 aukuwa |- | 2014–2017 | ''Yanayin'' | Alonso Creem | 10 aukuwa |- | rowspan="2" | 2014–2015 | ''Iko'' | 'Mai hankali' | 5 aukuwa |- | ''Mutum Mai Sha'awa'' | Lincoln 'Link' Cordell | 4 aukuwa |- | rowspan="3" | 2012 | ''TRON: Tashin hankali'' | Moog (murya) | Tagged (#1.14) |- | ''Dokar gama gari'' | Bart, Jami'in Tsaro | Zafi ga Malami (#1.11) |- | ''Har Yanzu Muna Nan?'' | Ba a sani ba | Shirin Godiya (#3.43) |- | 2011 | ''CSI: Miami'' | Jean Guiton | Ƙasar Farauta (#9.16) |- | rowspan="3" | 2010 | ''Karyata Ni'' | Henry Miller | A cikin Ja (#3.1) |- | ''Frederick Douglass: Hanya daga Bauta zuwa 'Yanci'' | Frederick Douglass | Fim din TV |- | ''Rahama'' | Dan fashi | 2 aukuwa |- | 2009 | ''Halin sanyi'' | Ronde Brooks '70 | Rai (#7.4) |- | rowspan="3" | 2008 | ''Jarumai'' | Benjamin 'Knox' Washington | 10 aukuwa |- | ''Wasan'' | Carnell | Kafin Parade Ya Wuce (#2.17) |- | ''Yariko'' | Kofur Adams | Masu kishin kasa da Azzalumai (#2.7) |- | 2004-2008 | ''Waya'' | Marlo Stanfield | 32 aukuwa (Yankuna 3-5) |- | 2002 | ''Doka &amp;amp; Umurni: Ƙungiyar Masu Ruwa ta Musamman'' | 'Dokar' | Adalci (#3.19) |- | 2001 | ''Kallo Na Uku'' | Legros | . . . Kuma Zeus yayi kuka (#2.22) |- | rowspan="2" | 2000 | ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni'' | Jean Marchier ne adam wata | Ƙona Baby Burn (#11.6) |- | ''Da Beat'' | Rasta | Sunce Ranar Haihuwar ku ce (#1.2) |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Wasanin bidiyo |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi |- | 2019 | ''Gears 5'' | Emile-A239 |- | 2016 | ''An wulakanta 2'' | Mataimakin Jami'in Liam Byrne |- | 2010 | ''Halo: Zuwa'' | Emile-A239 |- | rowspan="2" | 2005 | ''Babban Sata Auto: Labarun Labarin 'Yanci'' | Miguel |- | ''Jaruman'' | Ƙarin Soja |}   ==Manazarta== g2jelqggcpmyuxr1j1ed9dqis4klwnq 888213 888209 2026-07-27T16:37:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 888213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Jamie Hector Shankbone NYC 2010 (4543209014).jpg|thumb|Jamie Hector]] '''Jamie Hector''' (an haifeshi ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba, 1975) a birnin Brooklyn, [[New York (jiha)|New York,]] U.S. Jarumi ne. ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== == Sana'a == Hector ya fara aiki nan da nan bayan makarantar sakandare lokacin da ya bincika kamfanin haɗin gwiwar al'umma. Yayin da kuma yake kwaleji yana da ayyuka a cikin nunin talabijin kamar ''New York Undercover'', ''Watch Watch na uku'', ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni'', ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni: Sashin Wadanda ke fama da Musamman'', da ''The Beat'' . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi rajista a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lee Strasberg da Cibiyar Fina -Finan a Birnin New York. Hector ya bayyana a cikin fim ɗin da aka ''Biya a Ciki'' (2002). Ya danganta ɗan lokaci mai mahimmanci a cikin aikinsa ga ɗan gajeren fim ɗin ''Five Deep Breaths'' (2003) wanda Seith Mann ya jagoranta. Tare da Hector a cikin rawar da ke jagorantar, ''Numfashi Mai Ruwa Biyar'' shine Zaɓin Zaɓuɓɓuka na Cannes, Sundance, Tribeca, da Fim ɗin Fina -Finan IFP; ya ci gaba da tara lambobin yabo 16. Daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2008, Hector ya buga Marlo Stanfield akan wasan kwaikwayon talabijin na HBO ''The Wire'', saurayi, mai son zuciya, mai hankali da rashin tausayi na shugaban ƙungiyar Stanfield mai suna a cikin kasuwancin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Baltimore. A cikin shekara ta 2016, ''Rolling Stone ya ba'' shi lambar #2 na "40 Babban TV Villains na Duk Lokaci". Hector ya yi tauraro a cikin fim ɗin ''Blackout'' (2007) tare da Melvin Van Peebles da Jeffrey Wright, kuma an nuna shi azaman mai maimaita Benjamin "Knox" Washington a cikin kakar na uku na ''Jarumai'' . Hector ya fito a cikin fim <nowiki><i id="mwPg">Max Payne</i></nowiki> (2008), inda yake taka rawar Lincoln DeNeuf, maigidan laifi na Haiti. Hector kuma ya fito a cikin fim ɗin talabijin ''Kamar Wata Rana'' (2009), yana wasa rapper mai suna Young Eastie, wanda ke ƙoƙarin yin ta ko ta halin kaka. Fim dinsa na gaba shine ''Night Catches Us'' (2010), tare da Kerri Washington da Anthony Mackie. Ya ba da sanarwar Emile-A239 (Noble 4) a ''Halo: Reach.''<ref>Clark, Dove (July 4, 2010). "Jamie Hector Talks Acting to Activism; From Black Panthers to British Petroleum [ULx Exclusive]". xappeal.net. Archived from the original on May 24, 2024. Retrieved November 25, 2024.</ref> A cikin 2014, Hector ya fara yin tauraro a cikin jerin ''Bosch'' a matsayin Jerry Edgar, jami'in bincike da abokin hulɗar hali Harry Bosch, wanda Titus Welliver ya buga . Hector ya kasance wani ɓangare na jerin taurarin da aka jefa a cikin tseren kakar sa bakwai. [[Fayil:JAMIE HECTOR.jpg|thumb|Jamie Hector]] A cikin shekara ta 2017, Hector ya bayyana akan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka ''Sarauniya ta Kudu'' a matsayin Devon Finch, a cikin ɓangarori shida na kakar 2. == Ƙoƙari == A cikin shekara ta 2007, Hector ya kafa Moving Mountains, Inc., ƙungiyar tushen gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai ba da riba wanda ke ba wa matasa darussan shekara-shekara a wasan kwaikwayo, rawa, murya, da azuzuwan fim. == Finafinai == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Fina -finan Fasaha |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Bayanan kula |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Titin Canal'' | Fasto Sam Billings | |- | ''Shakku Thomas'' | Ron | |- | 2017 | ''Duk Eyez akan Ni'' | Mutulu Shakur | |- | 2015 | ''Shekara da Canji'' | Todd | |- | rowspan="4" | 2014 | ''Samun Dama'' | Ba a sani ba | Mai Gabatarwa<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Short film |- | ''Fara Farawa'' | Ken Blackstone | |- | ''Birnin Sihiri'' | 'Tru' | |- | ''Muggings na New York City'' | Ba a sani ba | Short film |- | rowspan="3" | 2013 | ''Hannun Jini'' | Jami'in bincike Nick | |- | ''Kamfanin Habeas Corpus'' | Gary | Short film |- | ''Mai Tsaron Alkawari'' | Yves | |- | rowspan="3" | 2012 | ''8090'' | Felix | Short film |- | ''Ji daga ciki'' | Samuels | |- | ''Rayuwa, Soyayya, Rai'' | Mista Roundtree | |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | ''Kyauta'' | Darnell Powell | |- | ''Dare Yana Kama Mu'' | 'DoRight' Miller | |- | 2009 | ''Kamar Wata Rana'' | Matashi Eastie | |- | 2008 | ''Max Payne'' | Lincoln DeNeuf | |- | 2007 | ''Baƙi'' | Rasheed | |- | rowspan="3" | 2004 | ''Brooklyn Daure'' | Kotun | |- | ''Jama'a na yau da kullun'' | Devon | |- | ''Hanyar Joy'' | Dante | |- | 2003 | ''Numfashi mai zurfi guda biyar'' | Banny | Short film |- | rowspan="2" | 2002 | ''An Biya Cikakke'' | Dunn | |- | ''Central Park Jog'' | Jogger #2 | Short film |- | 2001 | ''Wakar Kurkuku'' | Kid Kid | |- | 2000 | ''Ranar da Ponies zasu dawo'' | Darryl Boyd | |- | 1999 | ''Karen fatalwa'' | Gangsta Cikin Ja | |- | 1998 | ''Ya Samu Game'' | 'Ina son ku' Leech | |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Talabijin |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Bayanan kula |- | TBA | ''Mu Mallakar Wannan Gari'' | Sean M. Suiter | Mini-jerin, Babban Cast |- | 2019 | ''Wu-Tang: Saga Ba'amurke'' | Andre D. Andre | 4 aukuwa |- | 2017–2021 | ''Sarauniyar Kudu'' | Devon Finch | 11 aukuwa |- | 2016 | ''Ma'adinai'' | Arthur Sulaiman | Sashe na 2 |- | 2014–2021 | ''Bosch'' | Jerry Edgar | 68 aukuwa |- | 2014–2017 | ''Yanayin'' | Alonso Creem | 10 aukuwa |- | rowspan="2" | 2014–2015 | ''Iko'' | 'Mai hankali' | 5 aukuwa |- | ''Mutum Mai Sha'awa'' | Lincoln 'Link' Cordell | 4 aukuwa |- | rowspan="3" | 2012 | ''TRON: Tashin hankali'' | Moog (murya) | Tagged (#1.14) |- | ''Dokar gama gari'' | Bart, Jami'in Tsaro | Zafi ga Malami (#1.11) |- | ''Har Yanzu Muna Nan?'' | Ba a sani ba | Shirin Godiya (#3.43) |- | 2011 | ''CSI: Miami'' | Jean Guiton | Ƙasar Farauta (#9.16) |- | rowspan="3" | 2010 | ''Karyata Ni'' | Henry Miller | A cikin Ja (#3.1) |- | ''Frederick Douglass: Hanya daga Bauta zuwa 'Yanci'' | Frederick Douglass | Fim din TV |- | ''Rahama'' | Dan fashi | 2 aukuwa |- | 2009 | ''Halin sanyi'' | Ronde Brooks '70 | Rai (#7.4) |- | rowspan="3" | 2008 | ''Jarumai'' | Benjamin 'Knox' Washington | 10 aukuwa |- | ''Wasan'' | Carnell | Kafin Parade Ya Wuce (#2.17) |- | ''Yariko'' | Kofur Adams | Masu kishin kasa da Azzalumai (#2.7) |- | 2004-2008 | ''Waya'' | Marlo Stanfield | 32 aukuwa (Yankuna 3-5) |- | 2002 | ''Doka &amp;amp; Umurni: Ƙungiyar Masu Ruwa ta Musamman'' | 'Dokar' | Adalci (#3.19) |- | 2001 | ''Kallo Na Uku'' | Legros | . . . Kuma Zeus yayi kuka (#2.22) |- | rowspan="2" | 2000 | ''Doka &amp;amp; Umarni'' | Jean Marchier ne adam wata | Ƙona Baby Burn (#11.6) |- | ''Da Beat'' | Rasta | Sunce Ranar Haihuwar ku ce (#1.2) |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" | colspan="4" style="background:#B0C4DE; font-weight: bold;" |Wasanin bidiyo |- ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Shekara ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Taken ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Matsayi |- | 2019 | ''Gears 5'' | Emile-A239 |- | 2016 | ''An wulakanta 2'' | Mataimakin Jami'in Liam Byrne |- | 2010 | ''Halo: Zuwa'' | Emile-A239 |- | rowspan="2" | 2005 | ''Babban Sata Auto: Labarun Labarin 'Yanci'' | Miguel |- | ''Jaruman'' | Ƙarin Soja |} ==Manazarta== 2cnxaqs2azp4pwrunf7zyibpbidvtev 0 27146 888340 703289 2026-07-28T00:04:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:USC_School_of_Cinematic_Arts_01.jpg |thumb| USC School of Cinematic Arts]] [[File:USC_Carson_Television_Center_01.jpg |thumb|USC Carson Television Center]] Jami'ar Kudancin Usc California wato makarantar horar da fasahar Sinima (School of Cinematic Art), tana daya daga cikin manyan makarantun koyar da shirye-shiryen fina-finai a duniya, kuma ana daukar ta a matsayin makarantar da ta fi ko wacce a horar da harkokin fina finai duniya. An kafa makarantar tare da hadin gwiwar Academy of Motion Hoto Arts and Sciences acikin shekara ta 1929, SCA ta habaka wajen samar da ababan Nishadi a matsayin masana'antar da kumą nau'in fasaha. Bangare bakwai na Makarantar — Fim & Production; Cinema & Media Studies; John C. Hench Division of Animation + Digital Arts; John Wells Division na Rubutun don Allon & Talabijin; Kafofin watsa labarai masu Hulda & Wasanni; Media Arts + Ayyuka; Shirin Samar da Peter Stark - yana kuma ba da cikakkun shirye-shirye a cikin duk fasahar fina-finai, duk suna goyan bayan ilimin fasaha mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma manyan kwararrun masana a kowane fage. Tana da tsofaffin dalibai sama da 16,000, wadanda yawancinsu suna cikin fitattun yan wasan raye-raye na duniya, masana, malamai, marubuta, daraktoci, furodusoshi, masu daukar hoto, masu gyara, kwararrun sauti, masu zanen wasan bidiyo da shugabannin masana'antu. Tun daga cikin shekarar 1973 ba shekara daya da ta wuce ba tare da an zaɓi tsohon ko wani dalibi don lambar yabo ta Academy ko Emmy ba. Makarantar Cinematic Arts ta USC tana karkashin jagorancin Dean Elizabeth Monk Daley, wanda ke rike da kujera Steven J. Ross/Time Warner kuma itace tefi kowacce Dean dadewa a Jami'ar Kudancin California, wanda wacce ke jagoranci Makarantar Cinema tun cikin shekara ta 1991. [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] [[Category:Pages using infobox university with the image name parameter]] == Tarihi == Lokacin da Douglas Fairbanks ya zama shugaban farko na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasahar Motsin Hoto (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences) acikin shekara ta 1927, ɗayan mafi sabbin abubuwa akan ajandarsa shine cewa Kwalejin ta sami "makarantar horarwa." Kamar yadda Fairbanks da masu ba da damarsa suka yi tunanin cewa horo a cikin fasahar fina-finai ya kamata a duba a matsayin halaltaccen horo na ilimi a manyan jami'o'i, idan aka yi la'akari da digiri iri daya da fannoni kamar likitanci da doka. Ko da yake shirye-shiryen karatun fina-finai a yanzu sun sami gindin zama a fannin ilimi, da ban da ban wancan lokacin sabon ra'ayi ne kuma jami'o'i da yawa sun mayar da Fairbanks baya. Amma ya sami karbuwa sosai a Jami'ar Kudancin California wanda ya yarda ya ba da izinin aji daya, wanda ake kira "Gabatarwa ga Photoplay" wanda aka yi muhawara acikin shekara ta 1929, a daidai wannan shekarar da lambar yabo ta Academy. Kaddara don yin nasara, Fairbanks ya kawo manyan sunayen masana'antu na zamanin don lacca, ciki har da Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, DW Griffith, [[Charlie Chaplin]], William C. DeMille, Ernst Lubitsch, Irving Thalberg, da Darryl Zanuck . <ref name="LATcntv">Rachel Abramowitz, [http://www.latimes.com/news/education/highered/la-125highed-11,1,4653236.story L.A.'s screening gems], ''Los Angeles Times'', Accessed June 16, 2008.</ref> Daga wannan aji ya girma Sashen Cinematography (1932) a Kwalejin Haruffa, Fasaha da Kimiyya, wanda aka sake masa suna Sashen Cinema acikin shekara ta (1940), wanda ya kai ga kafa USC School of Cinema-Television (1983), wanda ya kasance. an sake masa suna USC School of Cinematic Arts (2006) <ref>Stuart Silverstein, [http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-091906usc-lucas,0,5365847.story?coll=la-home-headlines George Lucas Donates USC's Largest Single Gift]{{Dead link|date=June 2021}}, ''The Los Angeles Times'', September 19, 2006</ref> . Makarantar USC ta Cinematic Arts ita ce kadai makarantar horar da ilimin satsa labarai (media) a duniya wacce ke koyar da duk fannonin fasahar fina-finai. Kusan shekaru dari, SCA ta kasance mafi aminci da mafi cancantuwa wajen horo na Hollywood don 'yan wasanta na gaba su sama kwarewa da gwanintar zatarawa. Shirye-shiryen SCA suna jawo hankalin dalibai daga ko'ina cikin duniya wadanda ke zuwa harabarta ta Los Angeles don mashahurin manhaja, bincike mai zurfi da wuraren samar da fina-finai, babbar jami'a, da kuma kusanci mai zurfi zuwa Hollywood. Sunan SCA na duniya a matsayin cibiyar sabbin kafofin watsa labaru ya fito ne daga tsarin karatu mai da hankali a nan gaba wanda ke da darajar fasaha da hanyoyin sarrafawa tare da bincike da malanta. Manufar Makarantar ita ce karfafa dalibai masu hazaka tare da hangen nesa da karfin gwiwa don ci gaba da daukar matsayin jagoranci a kowane fanni na kafofin watsa labarai na zamani. Daliban SCA masu yin watsa labarai ne, masana tarihi, da ƴan kasuwa. Sun kammala karatun digiri na "shirye-shiryen masana'antu," an shirya don sana'a a cikin manyan kafofin watsa labaru. A yau, USC School of Cinematic Arts Cinematic Arts tsofaffin daliban za a iya samun su a kowane matsayi na kowane fanni na kafofin watsa labarai masu motsi. Su ne malamai, masu gudanarwa, masu yin fina-finai da talabijin, masu zane-zane na wasan kwaikwayo, masu kirkiro masu kwarewa, masu zane-zane, da kuma shugabanni a cikin kafofin watsa labaru masu tasowa. Su ne kuma malamai a manyan cibiyoyi a fadin duniya. A ranar 19 ga watan Satumban,shekara ta 2006, USC ta ba da sanarwar cewa tsohon dalibi George Lucas ya ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 175 don fadada makarantar fim tare da sabon {{Convert|137000|sqft|m2}} kayan aiki. Wannan ya wakilci mafi girman gudummawar guda ɗaya ga USC kuma mafi girma ga kowace makarantar fim a duniya. Ba da gudummawar da ya bayar a baya ya haifar da sunan gine-gine biyu a cikin ginin makarantar da ta gabata, wanda aka Bude a cikin 1984, bayan shi da matarsa Marcia a lokacin, kodayake Lucas ba ya son gine-ginen Tarurrukan Mulkin Mulkin Sifen da aka yi amfani da su a wadannan gine-gine. Wani masanin sha'awar gine-gine, Lucas ya ba da zane-zane na asali don aikin, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar Salon Farfado na Rum wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsofaffin gine-ginen harabar da kuma yankin Los Angeles. Har ila yau, aikin ya sami Karin dala miliyan 50 a cikin gudunmawar daga Warner Bros., 20th Century Fox da Kamfanin Walt Disney. A cikin shekarata 2006, makarantar, tare da Royal Film Commission na Jordan, sun kirkiro Cibiyar Harkokin Fasahar Sinima ta Red Sea (RSICA) a Aqaba, dake birnin [[Jodan|Jordan]]. <ref>[http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/12756.html Jordan Signs Cinema Pact With USC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200716/http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/12756.html |date=2016-03-03 }}, USC Public Relations, September 20, 2006</ref> An gudanar da azuzuwan farko acikin shekarar 2008, kuma ajin farko da aka yaye jami’an acikin shekarar 2010 ne. Makarantar Cinematic Arts ta USC ta sanar da cewa za ta cire wani talaafi da aka sadaukar ga dan wasan kwaikwayo kuma tsohon daliban USC John Wayne, bayan shafe watanni na nacewa daga wasu kwararan dalibai da ke yin tir da ra'ayoyin tauraron na Hollywood da kuma yawan sanya yan asalin Amurkawa a cikin fina-finansa. An mayar da nunin zuwa dakin karatu na Cinematic Arts wanda ke da tarin tarin yawa don nazarin alkaluma waɗanda rayuwarsu da ayyukansu wani ɓangare ne na tarihin al'umma. An adana waɗannan kayan don zuriya kuma an sanya su don yin bincike da ƙwarewa kamar yadda kayan da ke cikin Tarin Wayne. == Rarraba == === Fim & Samarwa a kafar [[Talabijin]] === Shahararriyar sashin Makarantar, wacce ake kira da “makarantar fina-finai ta USC,” Sashen Fina-Finai da Ayyukan Talabijin na koya wa dalibai yadda ake yin fice, a abubuwan da ake bukata don allon TV na kowane girma da fadi kama daga IMAX ko kuma na'urar wayar hannu. A SCA, dalibai da sauri suke kwarewa da kayan aikin kasuwanci, daga kyamarori, kayan haske, da software na gyar-gyare zuwa sabbin fasahohi da hanyayin sarrafawa wadanda ke canza tsarin samar da shirye shirye. Kujerar yanzu: ita ce Gail Katz, mai rike da kujerar Mary Pickford Endowed kujera; Mataimakiyar shugabar ita ce Susan Arnold. https://cinema.usc.edu/production/index.cfm === Cinema & Media Studies === Sashen Cinema & Nazarin Watsa Labarai (Division of Cinema & Media Studies) tana ba da ilimi mai zurfin akan kafofin watsa labarai da Nishadi wadanda ke aiki a matsayin tushe don ayyuka a hukumomin baiwa, kamfanonin gudanarwa, kamfanoni masu samarwa, da dakunan karatu na duniya wadanda ke habakawa da rarraba kafofin watsa labarai a duniya. Hakanan ita ce cibiyar cibiyar ka'idar fim a Makarantar Cinematic Arts ta USC. Shugabar yanzu ita ce Priya Jaikumar. [https://cinema.usc.edu/mediastudies/index.cfm%5D https://cinema.usc.edu/mediastudies/index.cfm <nowiki>]</nowiki>] === The John C. Hench Fannin + Fasahar Digital === John C. Hench Division of Animation + Digital Arts yana koyar da darussa a kowane fanni na rayarwa da fasahar dijital. Wadannan sun hada da wasan kwaikwayo na al'ada, 2-D da 3-D ba da labari, daukar wasan kwaikwayo, tasirin gani, zane-zanen motsi, tsayawa-motsi, yin fim na gwaji, shigarwa da multimedia, raye-rayen raye-raye, da hangen nesa binciken kimiyya. Shugabar na yanzu ita ce Teresa Cheng, wacce ke rike da kujerar John C. Hench Endowed Division. https://cinema.usc.edu/animation/index.cfm === Sashen Watsa Labarai na Sadarwa & Wasanni === Sashen Watsa Labarai da Wasanni na Interactive Media yana koyar da kwarewar wasa da ma'amala da suka hada da, amma ba'a iyakance ga wasannin bidiyo ba, wadanda ke habaka bangaren masana'antar nishadi cikin sauri. USC ta kasance majagaba wajen koyar da tushe na wasanni da kafofin watsa labarai masu mu'amala yayin da kuma ciyar da filin gaba tare da sabbin dabarun bincike. Binciken Princeton ya sanya USC # 1 Makarantar Design Game a Arewacin Amurka kowace shekara tun lokacin da tsarin martaba ya fara ne acikin shekara ta 2009. Shugaban na yanzu shine Danny Bilson. https://cinema.usc.edu/interactive/index.cfm === Media Arts + Ayyuka === Media Arts + Practice Division (MA+P) wata al'umma ce ta masu Kirkirar kafofin watsa labaru da yawa wadanda suka kware a cikin dabaru da fasahohin fasaha da kira na dijital, kafofin watsa labarai na cinematic, da ba da labari. MA+P yana kirkira da nazarin kafofin watsa labarai don fannoni daban-daban kamar kasuwanci, likitanci, ilimi, zanen gine-gine, doka, tsara birane, yin fim, da kari mai yawa. Shugaban na yanzu shine Holly Willis. [https://cinema.usc.edu/imap/index.cfm%5D https://cinema.usc.edu/imap/index.cfm <nowiki>]</nowiki>] === Sashen John Wells na Rubutun don Allon & Talabijin === Sashen Rubutu na John Wells don Allon & Talabijin (Division of Writing for Screen & Television) yana koya wa dalibai yadda ake Kirkirar nau'ikan rubutun da ke burge masu haɗin gwiwa, wakilai, manajoji, da masu saka hannun jari kuma su zama ayyukan gaske.Tsarin karatun yana nutsar da dalibai a cikin al'adar SCA na kirkira labarai masu jan hankali da habaka illolin labarin ku ta hanyar kananan azuzuwan bita. Za ku koyi rubuta gajerun rubutun, wasan kwaikwayo na tsawon fasali, shirye-shiryen talabijin a cikin wasan ban dariya da wasan kwaikwayo, jerin gidan yanar gizo, da rubutun wasanni da sauran kafofin watsa labarai masu zurfafa. Kujerar yanzu shine David Isaacs. https://cinema.usc.edu/writing/index.cfm === Sashin Samar da Shirye-shirye na Peter Stark === Sashin Samarwa na Peter Stark zai fallasa kwakkwaran furodusa zuwa cikakken nau'in kasuwancin nishadi. Dalibai za su koyi kowane mataki na tsarin kirkira, daga ci gaba ta hanyar rarrabawa. Starkies sun gano da habaka kwararrun kirkira, kasuwanci, da kwarewar gudanarwa da ake bukata don yin nasara a tafarkin sana'arsu ta hanyar azuzuwan kirkira da habaka labarai, tarihin Nishadi, tattalin Arzikin, sarrafa dakin studio, tsara kasafin kudi, tallace-tallace, da samarwa masu zaman kansu. Shugaban na yanzu shine Ed Saxon, wanda ke rike da kujerar Peter Stark Endowed. Shirye-shirye na musamman sun hada da USC na barkwanci wato Comedy, wanda ya hada da karami a cikin Comedy, da kuma Bikin Barkwanci na shekara-shekara; Wasannin USC, hadin gwiwa tare da USC Viterbi School of Engineering da gidan kungiyar masu jigilar kaya ta USC; da kuma John H. Mitchell Kasuwanci na Shirin Cinematic Arts, wanda ke kula da shirye-shirye a cikin kasuwancin nishadi tare da hadin gwiwar Makarantar Kasuwancin USC Marshall. https://cinema.usc.edu/producing/index.cfm == Fannuka == Mashahuran kwararrun kafofin watsa labaru da masana media ne ke jagorantar Makarantar, wadanda suka sami babban yabo a fannonin kwarewar su, gami da lambar yabo ta Academy, Emmys, Golden Globes, Pulitzer Prizes, Kyautar Zabin Masu Habaka Game, Kyautar Humanitas, da sauransu. Suna tsarawa da ba da gudummawa sosai ga mujallu, tarurruka, abubuwan da suka faru, da tattaunawa wadanda ke Kara fahimtar al'ummar duniya da jin dadin fasahar fina-finai. A karkashin jagorancin wadannan malamai da kwararrun kwararrun ma'aikata, dalibai suna bunkasa a cikin al'umma inda kowa ya mayar da hankali ga Kirkirar manyan kafofin watsa labaru da fahimtar ikonsa. Makarantar Cinematic Arts kuma tana da Kwamitin Majalissar Dokoki, wanda ya kunshi shugabanni daga ko'ina cikin masana'antar watsa shirye-shiryen fina-finai waɗanda ke taimakawa jagorar alkiblar Makarantar nan gaba tare da yin aiki tare da Dean don tabbatar da samar da makarantar yadda ya kamata. == Kayayyakin aiki == Gudunmawa daga kamfanonin masana'antar fina-finai da wasanni, abokai, da tsofaffin ɗalibai sun ba wa makarantar damar gina wurare kamar haka: <ref name="Facilities">[http://cinema.usc.edu/about/facilities/ Facilities]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Makarantar Cinematic Arts Complex, wanda aka kammala ta acikin shekara ta 2010, wanda ya haɗa da: ** 20th Century Fox soundstage ** George Lucas da Steven Spielberg Gine-gine, wanda ke nuna gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ray Stark, wanda aka tanadar don gabatarwar 3D, da kuma gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na dijital guda biyu, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Albert da Dana Broccoli da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Fanny Brice. ** Marcia Lucas Post-Production Center ** Marilyn & Jeffrey Katzenberg Cibiyar Animation ** Sumner Redstone Production Gine wanda ya ƙunshi matakai biyu Redstone 1 da Restone 2 ** Interactive gini (SCI), gida na USC Interactive Media &amp;amp; Wasanni Division, da USC Division of Media Arts da Practice, da kuma da dama bincike dakunan gwaje-gwaje (The [http://www.gameinnovationlab.com/ Game Innovation Lab], da [http://mobilemedia.usc.edu/ Wayar hannu da Muhalli Media Lab] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116072553/http://mobilemedia.usc.edu/ |date=2021-11-16 }}, da [http://projects.ict.usc.edu/mxr/ Mixed Reality Lab] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121064806/http://projects.ict.usc.edu/mxr/ |date=2014-11-21 }} da kuma m [http://cmbhc.usc.edu/ Media Media. & Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Hali], da sauransu) * Robert Zemeckis Center for Digital Arts, gidan Trojan Vision, USC ta dalibi tashar talabijin * Eileen Norris Cinema Theater Complex, wanda ke nuna gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai kujeru 365 wanda kuma ke aiki a matsayin aji tare da memba na USC kuma wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Academy Tomlinson Holman 's THX audiovisual reproduction standard da aka yi amfani da shi a wuraren fina-finai a duk duniya. [[Frank Sinatra|Zauren Frank Sinatra]], wanda aka keɓe a cikin 2002, yana baje kolin nunin jama'a da tarin manyan abubuwan tunawa da ke tunawa da rayuwar Sinatra da gudummawar ga shahararrun al'adun Amurka. * David L. Wolper Cibiyar a Doheny Memorial Library * Louis B. Mayer Cibiyar Nazarin shirye-shiryen Fina-finai da kuma Telebijin dake Doheny Memorial Library * Hugh M. Hefner Taskar Hoton Motsawa A tsakiyar sabon gidan talabijin akwai mutum-mutumi na wanda ya kafata wato Douglas Fairbanks. A hannunasa yana rike da foil na wasan zorro a hannu daya kuma yana rike da rubutaccen shiri karfin alakarsa da kungiyar wasan kwallon kafa ta USC . == Bambance-bambance == [[File:052707-022-NorrisCinema-USC.jpg|thumb|200x200px| Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Eileen Norris Cinema, gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai kujeru 340 wanda ke daukar nauyin nunin fina-finai, laccoci, da abubuwan da suka faru na musamman. <ref>[http://cinema.usc.edu/about/facilities/eileen-norris-cinema-theatre/ Eileen Norris Cinema Theatre Complex], USC School of Cinematic Arts Facilities, ''Accessed January 3, 2009.''</ref> A nan ne aka fara haɓaka THX kuma aka shigar da shi. ]] * Tun daga cikin shekara ta 1973, an zabi akalla tsofaffin daliban SCA guda daya don Kyautar Kwalejin a kowace shekara, jimlar zabe 256 da nasara 78. <ref name="SCA040609">Mel Cowan, [http://cinema.usc.edu/about/news/world-premiere.htm Cinematic Arts Celebrates 80th Anniversary With All New Campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090526043257/http://cinema.usc.edu/about/news/world-premiere.htm |date=2009-05-26 }}, University of Southern California, March 31, 2009, Accessed May 1, 2009.</ref> * Tun daga cikin shekara ta 1973, akalla tsofaffin daliban SCA ko tsofaffin dalibai an zabi su don lambar yabo ta Emmy kowace shekara, jimlar zabin 473 da nasara 119. <ref name="SCA040609" /> * Manyan fina-finai 17 da suka samu kuɗi a kowane lokaci sun sami digiri na SCA a cikin mahimmin matsayi na kirkira. <ref name="SCA040609" /> * ''Bita na Princeton'' ya zabi shirin tsara wasan bidiyo na Interactive Media and Games Division mafi kyau a Arewacin Amurka shekaru da yawa a jere. * Dukansu ''The Hollywood Reporter'' da ''USA A Yau'' sun sanya SCA lambar shirin fina-finai na daya a duniya, tare da kayan aikin da ba su dace ba, kusanci da Hollywood, da kuma hadin gwiwar masana'antu da yawa shine dalilin farko. * Adadin karbar dalibai na yanzu don Makarantar Cinematic Arts ta USC shine 8.8% na sabbin maza. ; Kyaututtukan don gajerun fina-finai na Cinema na USC * A cikin shekara ta 1956, furodusa Wilber T. Blume, wani malamin Cinema na USC a lokacin, ya sami lambar yabo ta Academy Award don mafi kyawun gajeren fim na rayuwa don fim din da ya kirkira mai suna ''The Face of Lincoln'' . Blume kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Academy Award a waccan shekarar don takaitaccen labari. * A cikin shekara ta 1968, George Lucas ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a cikin nau'in fina-finai masu ban sha'awa a bikin fina-finai na dalibai na kasa na uku da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Lincoln, New York don ''Labyrinth na Lantarki na gaba: THX 1138 4EB'' . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101029062605/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,837841,00.html The Student Movie Makers], ''[[TIME Magazine]]'', February 2, 1968</ref> * A cikin 1970, furodusa John Longenecker ya sami lambar yabo ta Academy don mafi kyawun ɗan gajeren fim na rayuwa don fim ɗin da ya yi yayin halartar azuzuwan USC Cinema 480 a matsayin dalibi na digiri- ''The Resurrection of Broncho Billy'' . Ma'aikatan fim din da ƙwararrun ƙwararru sun haɗa da Nick Castle, mai daukar hoto; John Carpenter, editan fim da kiɗa na asali; James Rokos, darekta; Johnny Crawford, jagoran wasan kwaikwayo; da Kristin Nelson, jagorar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. * A cikin 1973, Robert Zemeckis ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman na juri a Kwalejin Motion Hoto Arts & Sciences' gabatarwa na shekara-shekara na Fina-finai na Dalibai don ''Filin Daraja'' . * A cikin 2001, ɗalibin MFA David Greenspan ya lashe kyautar Palme d'Or don ɗan gajeren fim a Cannes Film Festival don ɗalibin fim ɗin ''Bean Cake''. <ref>[http://www.usc.edu/dept/pubrel/trojan_family/spring02/alumninews/alumni_profile_Cannes.html Alumni Profile: Cannes Do Spirit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225428/http://www.usc.edu/dept/pubrel/trojan_family/spring02/alumninews/alumni_profile_Cannes.html |date=2016-03-03 }}, ''Trojan Family Magazine'', Spring 2002, ''Accessed September 19, 2006''.</ref> * A cikin 2006, darektan, marubuci, da furodusa Ari Sandel sun sami lambar yabo ta Academy Award don mafi kyawun gajeriyar fim ɗin rayuwa (" Labarin Yammacin Bankin ") wanda aka yi azaman aikin makarantar digiri na USC Cinema. * A cikin 2009, an zaɓi ɗalibin MFA Gregg Helvey don lambar yabo ta Academy don fim ɗin littafinsa na MFA, Kavi. <ref>[http://kavithemovie.com/cast-crew/ KAVI – a short film written and directed by Gregg Helvey » Cast/Crew] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127082143/https://kavithemovie.com/cast-crew/ |date=2021-11-27 }}.</ref> == Sanannun tsofaffin daliban SCA == ''Duba kuma Jerin mutanen Jami'ar Kudancin California'' SCA tana da tsofaffin dalibai sama da 16,000. Daga cikinsu mafi shahara akwai:   == Sauran manyan malamai rassan makaranta (na baya da na yanzu) == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} * [[Danny Bilson]] * [[Mitchell Block]] * [[Mark Bolas]] * [[Peter Bonerz]] * [[Todd Boyd]] * [[Trey Callaway]] * [[Drew Casper]] * [[Peter Chung]] * [[Frank Daniel]] * [[Edward Dmytryk]] * [[John A. Ferraro]]<ref name=latimes>{{cite news|title=Passings: Dick Hoerner, L.A. Rams fullback, dies at 88; John A. Ferraro, actor, director and USC teacher, dies at 64|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-passings-20101215,0,2712316.story |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 19, 2010|access-date=December 24, 2010}}</ref> * [[Verna Fields]] * [[Scott Fisher (technologist)|Scott Fisher]] * [[Rachel Feldman]] *[[James Franco]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/oct/09/entertainment/la-et-mn-james-franco-usc-production-class-20121009 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Amy | last=Kaufman | title=James Franco to teach a USC film production class next spring | date=October 9, 2012}}</ref> {{Col-break}} * [[Robert L. Freedman]] * [[Anne Friedberg]] * [[Nina Foch]] * [[Tracy Fullerton]] * [[Maureen Furniss]] * [[Eric Goldberg (animator)|Eric Goldberg]] * [[Dan Gordon (screenwriter)|Dan Gordon]] * [[Mark Jonathan Harris]] * [[Ray Harryhausen]] * [[Tomlinson Holman]] * [[Gordy Hoffman]] * [[Sean Hood]] * [[Jerry Lewis]]<ref name=NYTJLobit>David Kehr, [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/movies/jerry-lewis-dead-celebrated-comedian-and-filmmaker.html?_r=0 Jerry Lewis, Mercurial Comedian and Filmmaker, Dies at 91], ''The New York Times'', August 20, 2017.</ref> * [[Leonard Maltin]] {{Col-break}} * [[Robert McKee]] * [[Michael Naimark]] * [[Christine Panushka]] * [[Mark Pesce]] * [[Gene Polito]]<ref name=usc>{{cite news|title=Respected Cinematographer, Professor and USC Alumnus obituary|url=http://cinema.usc.edu/about/news/in-memoriam-gene.htm|work=USC School of Cinematic Arts|date=December 2, 2010|access-date=December 12, 2010}}{{dead link|date=June 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> * [[Abraham Polonsky]] * [[Bill Prady]] * [[Howard Rodman]] * [[Howard Rosenberg]] * [[Tom Sito]] * [[Kathy Smith (filmmaker)|Kathy Smith]] * [[Chris Swain (game designer)|Chris Swain]] * [[Lawrence Turman|Larry Turman]] * [[Jordan Weisman]] * [[Paul Wolff]] * [[Slavko Vorkapić]] {{Col-end}}{{Clear}} == Duba kuma == * Kamus na kalmomin motsi * Dirty Dozen (fim), kungiyar dalibai a cikin 1960s == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Category:Kere-keren California a shekara ta 1929]] [[Category:Manyan Makarantun Ilimi da aka samar a 1929]] [[Category:Makarantun sanya hotuna mosti na kasar Amurka]] [[Category:Makarantun Fina-finai na Amurka]] [[Category:Jami'ar Kudancin California]] [[Category:Kafar template na webarchive wayback]] [[Category:Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4poruh0tppxywt9pstvv7q73u7u7xdl 0 30228 888343 878441 2026-07-28T00:31:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Asalin == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwata. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata 1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i5jd2y7zr4b97dv2qydb6i2i74xt3m4 0 33248 888461 470842 2026-07-28T11:48:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Marylize Biubwa 04.jpg|thumb|hoton marylixe]] [[Fayil:Marylize Biubwa 02.jpg|thumb|hoton marylize]] '''Marylize Biubwa''' Tsohuwar bakar fata ce mai sha'awar mata kuma mai fafutukan neman yanci. Fafutukar Biubwa ya ta'allaka ne akan adalci na zamantakewa tare da mai da hankali kan rashin adalci tsakanin jinsi, yayin da ra'ayinta na 'yancin mata sun kasance tsaka-tsaki dangane da [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|'yancin ɗan adam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Philips |first=Priscilla |date=2020-08-14 |title=Interview feature with Marylize Biubwa |url=https://thelgbtafrica.com/interview-feature-with-marylize-biubwa/ |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=The LGBT Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615033855/https://thelgbtafrica.com/interview-feature-with-marylize-biubwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita yar luwaɗi ce, kuma yar madigo<ref>{{Cite web |title=https://mobile.twitter.com/queerly_so |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/queerly_so |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Twitter |language=en |archive-date=2022-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614224844/https://mobile.twitter.com/queerly_so |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma memba ce ta kungiyar LGBTIQGNC+.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Log into Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FNGLHRC%2Fposts%2Fmarylize-biubwa-is-a-29-year-old-black-queer-intersectional-feminist-and-activis%2F1611733232316625%2F |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Facebook |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa == Biubwa ta taso a [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Marylize Biubwa - #SafeSpaceKE Series |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxvtoDpZ5n0 |language=en |access-date=2022-06-14}}</ref> An yi mata fyade a lokacinda take da shekaru 10 a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marylize Biubwa- Survivor, activist and feminist |url=http://bintibinti.com/8/post/2018/02/marylize-biubwa-survivor-activist-and-feminist.html |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Bintibinti |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030191105/http://bintibinti.com/8/post/2018/02/marylize-biubwa-survivor-activist-and-feminist.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:LGBT a Afurka]] du5lti197op9kczsnapk0azpuugfshs 3 37368 888392 177259 2026-07-28T09:53:56Z ~2026-42060-68 47353 /* rabirualhassanrabson@gmail.com */ sabon sashe 888392 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Chans.666! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Chans.666|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 1 Oktoba 2022 (UTC) == rabirualhassanrabson@gmail.com == rabilu@[[User:Chans.666|Chans.666]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-42060-68|&#126;2026-42060-68]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-42060-68|talk]]) 09:53, 28 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) b0wyy4womx3y1fbbkiq16p56ma3ft81 0 40102 888123 888010 2026-07-27T16:02:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 888123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jam'iyyar '''National Party of Nigeria''' ('''NPN''') ita ce babbar jam'iyyar siyasa a Najeriya a lokacin jamhuriya ta biyu A Shekara ta (1979 zuwa 1983).<ref>https://nigerianscholars.com/tutorials/nigerian-party-politics/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Fayil:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Tambarin Nigeria]] ===== Samuwar Jam'iyyar NPN ===== Mafarin jam’iyyar na iya kasancewa shi ne ganawar sirri da aka yi wasu lokuta tsakanin manyan shugabannin Arewacin [[Najeriya]] bayan haramta jam’iyyun siyasa a shekarar ta 1966 da gwamnatocin mulkin soja na wanan lokaci [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] da Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]] suka yi. Wasu tsirarun ‘yan jam’iyyun da aka haramtawa zama a yankin Arewacin Najeriya sun fara shirye shiryen kafa jam’iyyar arewa domin shirin komawa kan tafarkin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuraɗiyya]], ƙungiyar ta kuma tuntubi ‘yan kudancin Najeriya kan batun kafa jam’iyyar a kasa ta gaskiya. Taron tsarin mulki da aka shirya a shekarar 1977 don shirya kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, don kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokraɗiyya, ya tabbatar da mafi kyawun hanyar da mambobin ƙungiyar da ke tasowa za su gana da tattaunwa game da tsare-tsaren yankunansu da al'ummarsu. A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1978, aka kafa jam’iyya ta National Party of Nigeria, wadda ta ƙunshi ‘yan majalisar wakilai, kuma Makaman Bida, tsohon dan jam’iyyar NPC ne ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223062804/https://nigerianwiki.com/National_Party_of_Nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka kafa jam'iyyar, jam'iyyar ta iya zana fiye da ita na tsoffin mambobin NPC kuma ta jawo hankalin wasu 'yan siyasa na jamhuriya ta farko kamar [[Joseph Tarka]], tsohon shugaban United Middle Belt Congress, KO Mbadiwe, wanda ya taba zama minista da kuma [[Remi Fani-Kayode]], tsohon dan jam'iyyar NNDP.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203231723/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/NPN.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoban 1978, jam'iyyar ta amince da shiyya shiyyar don zabar jami'an jam'iyyar. Daga nan sai jam’iyyar ta fidda sabon shugaban ta, Augustus Akinloye, dan [[Yarbawa|kabilar Yarbawa]] kuma tsohon ministan gwamnatin Najeriya na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party a kan ‘yan takara kamar Fani Kayode, Adeyinka Adebayo da kuma Adeleke Adedoyin. Zaɓen dan kudancin Najeriya ya share fagen tafiya da dan takarar shugaban kasa zuwa ginshikin jam'iyyar: jihohin Hausa-Fulani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-23 |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223060450/https://classhall.com/lesson/the-national-party-of-nigeria-npn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===== Zabe ===== Jam’iyyar NPN ta gabatar da ‘yan takarkarun manyan zabuka guda biyu, na shekara ta 1979 zuwa 1983. Jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 36 na majalisar dattawa daga cikin kujeru 95 na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|majalisar dattawa]] da kujeru 168 daga cikin kujeru 449 na majalisar wakilai. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1979, an bayyana dan takarar jam'iyyar a zaben shugaban kasa, Shehu Shagari, a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Jam’iyyar ta kulla kawance da jam’iyyar Peoples Party ta Najeriya domin samun kuri’u mafi rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, daga baya kawancen ya yi kaca-kaca da shi a shekarar 1981. Domin samun goyon bayan [[Inyamurai|al'ummar Igbo]], jam'iyyar ta ba da damar Odumegwu Ojukwu, jagoran Biafra ya dawo.<ref>https://studyhq.net/national-party-of-nigeria/</ref> [[Moshood Abiola]], wanda tsohon mamba ne a majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC), bai samu nasarar zama shugaban jam'iyyar ko tikitin takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar NPN ba, sannan ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SDP) a zaben shugaban ƙasa da aka soke a shekarar 1993. zabe. [[Adamu Ciroma]], tsohon sakataren jam’iyyar NPN, daga baya ya zama jigo [[Peoples Democratic Party|a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party]]. == Tarihin zaɓe == === Zaben shugaban ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !'''ɓabe''' ! Dan takarar jam'iyya ! Abokiyar gudu ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Sakamako''' |- | 1979 | rowspan="2" | [[Shehu Shagari]] | rowspan="2" | [[Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme|Alex Ekwueme]] | 5,668,857 | 33.77% | '''Zabe'''</img> |- | 1983 | 12,081,471 | 47.5% | '''Zaɓe'''</img> |} === Zaɓen majalisar wakilai da na dattawa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |'''Zabe''' ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar wakilai]] ! colspan="5" | [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawa]] |- ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi ! '''Ƙuri'u''' ! '''%''' ! '''Kujeru''' ! +/- ! Matsayi |- | 1979 | 5,325,680 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|168|449|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 168 |</img> 1st | 4,032,329 | 35.6% |{{Composition bar|36|95|pro}} |</img> 36 |</img> 1st |- | 1983 | | |{{Composition bar|306|450|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 138 |</img> 1st | | |{{Composition bar|60|96|{{party color|National Party of Nigeria}}}} |</img> 24 |</img> 1st |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category: Jam'iyyun Siyasa]] bvo2qhj65exqrlwcdp8ix6x3f45ted1 0 51001 888250 744155 2026-07-27T19:23:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Shugaban Kasa''' (PEBEC) wata hukuma ce ta musamman da [[Shugaban Nijeriya|Shugaban Najeriya]] ya kafa don kasuwanci [[Ɗan Nijeriya|a Najeriya]] . Manufarta ita ce tabbatar da cewa yin kasuwanci a [[Najeriya]] yana da sauƙi ta hanyar yin gyare-gyare da manufofi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Presidential Enabling Business Environment Council – The Statehouse, Abuja |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/policy/councils-committees/presidential-enabling-business-environment-council/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311232243/https://statehouse.gov.ng/policy/councils-committees/presidential-enabling-business-environment-council/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Shugaban Nijeriya|Shugaban tarayyar Najeriya]] [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ne ya ƙaddamar da ƙungiyar ta PEBEC a shekarar 2016, tare da wa'adin kawar da cikas da kuma cikas na harkokin kasuwanci a Najeriya. <ref name=":0"/> PEBEC ta haɗa kai da [[Jerin hukumomin gwamnatin Najeriya|ma’aikatu da ma’aikatu da hukumomi (MDAs)]] da sauran abokan hulɗa domin rage kashe kuɗi, lokaci da kuma adadin hanyoyin da za a bi wajen samar da tsari da gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci a Najeriya cikin sauki da inganci – daga fara kasuwanci zuwa samun wuri zuwa samun kuɗi zuwa mu’amala da ayyukan yau da kullum da kuma aiki a cikin amintaccen yanayin kasuwanci. Shirin sake fasalin tsarin na PEBEC ya fara ne a cikin shekarar 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Uzor |first=Franklin |date=2017-04-26 |title=Ease Of Doing Business in Nigeria: PEBEC Completes 31 Reforms in 60 Days |url=https://www.nipc.gov.ng/2017/04/26/ease-business-nigeria-pebec-completes-31-reforms-60-days/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ease Of Doing Business in Nigeria: PEBEC Completes 31 Reforms in 60 Days |url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/Doing-Business-in-Nigeria/Ease-Of-Doing-Business-in-Nigeria--PEBEC-Completes-31-Reforms-in-60-Days/34594 |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=Ease Of Doing Business in Nigeria: PEBEC Completes 31 Reforms in 60 Days |language=en}}</ref> a matsayin sakamako daga taron kasuwanci na Quarterly na shugaban ƙasa karo na 5 wanda mai girma mataimakin shugaban ƙasa ya jagoranta, inda ra'ayoyin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ya ba da tabbaci ga wasu matsalolin tsari da kuma farashin da ke tattare da bin ka'idoji na kasuwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-25 |title=Ease of Doing Business: PEBEC Completes 31 reforms in 60 days |url=https://nairametrics.com/2017/04/25/ease-of-doing-business-pebec-completes-31-reforms-in-60-days/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> A kan haka ne, hukumar ta PEBEC ta gabatar da wani shiri na sake fasalin gwajin gwaji wanda ya mayar da hankali kan hukumomi biyu - Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Ƙasa (NAFDAC) da Hukumar Inshora ta Kasa (NAICOM) daga Yuli 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-21 |title=Oduwole: We'll be pursuing CAMA to ensure Nigeria hits top 100 in ease of doing business |url=https://www.thecable.ng/oduwole-well-be-pursuing-cama-to-ensure-nigeria-hits-top-100-in-ease-of-doing-business |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Tun daga farkonsa, yunƙurin sake fasalin yanayin kasuwanci ya sami tasiri mai ma'ana da sakamako masu iya aunawa. Wannan ya haɗa da gagarumin ci gaba a cikin martabar Bankin Duniya na Yin Kasuwanci <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aisha Salaudeen |date=24 October 2019 |title=Nigeria improves in World Bank ease of doing business ranking, but is it easier to do business there? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/24/africa/nigeria-improves-in-world-bank-ranking/index.html |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=CNN}}</ref> kuma ana gane shi sau biyu a matsayin manyan masu haɓaka 20 a cikin yin kasuwanci. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-28 |title=DEVELOPING: Nigeria makes World Bank's list for top-20 "improvers in doing business" |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/09/developing-nigeria-makes-world-banks-list-for-top-20-improvers-in-doing-business/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙididdigar Kasuwancin Sauƙaƙe (DBI) wani matsayi ne na shekara-shekara wanda ƙungiyar Bankin Duniya ke yi wanda da gaske yake tantance yanayin yanayin kasuwanci a cikin ƙasashe 190 bisa ga alamu 10 (fara kasuwanci, samun wutar lantarki, aiwatar da kwangila da sauransu). Fihirisar tana ɗaukar sauƙi na yin gyare-gyaren kasuwanci waɗanda ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka inganta kuma suna ba da fahimtar kwatancen dangane da wannan ingantaccen. Matsayin yana fitowa daga 1 - 190. Babban sauƙi na yin matsayi na kasuwanci yana nufin yanayin tsari ya fi dacewa don farawa da gudanar da kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 2019, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: ease of doing business index |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1226315/ease-of-doing-business-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> Najeriya ta kasance matsayi na 131 a cikin rahoton DBI na 2019/20 kuma ta sanya suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashe 10 mafi haɓakar tattalin arziki a duniya a karo na 2 a cikin shekaru 3. <ref name=":1"/> == Jagoranci == A hukumar ta PEBEC, mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Najeriya ne ke zama shugaban hukumar tare da ministan masana'antu, kasuwanci da zuba jari a matsayin mataimakin shugaba. Haka kuma, a cikin kwamitin akwai Gwamnan [[Babban Bankin Najeriya|Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN)]], Sakataren Zartarwa, Ministoci 10, Shugaban Ma’aikatan Tarayya, Wakilan gwamnatocin [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. == Shugaban == Shugaban majalisar shine shugaba, wanda shugaban ƙasar ya zaɓa. Wa'adin yana da shekaru huɗu, kuma shugaban shine yawanci kowane wa'adin shugaban ƙasa. Shugaban na yanzu shine mataimakin shugaban Najeriya Kashim Shettima. == Mataimakin shugaban == Mataimakin shugaban majalisar na taimaka wa shugabar a harkokin gudanar da harkokin hukumomin wajen tabbatar da aiwatar da gyare-gyare. Mataimakin shugaban na yanzu shine ministar masana'antu, kasuwanci da zuba jari, [Dr Jumoke Oduwole MFR]. == Babban Sakatare == Sakataren zartarwa ne ke kula da harkokin hukumar ta PEBEC da ɓangaren gudanarwa; Sakatariyar Harkokin Kasuwanci (EBES). Sakatariyar Zartarwa a yanzu ita ce [[Jumoke Oduwole]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ajaja |first=Tunde |date=2019-08-25 |title=FG Inaugurates Presidential Enabling Business Environment Council |url=https://punchng.com/buhari-appoints-pebec-secretary-oduwole-as-special-adviser/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=The Punch Newspaper}}</ref> == Mandate da ayyuka == == Ƙaddamar da Sakatariyar Muhalli ta Kasuwanci (EBES) == [https://statehouse.gov.ng/policy/councils-committees/presidential-enabling-business-environment-council/#:~:text=The%20Enabling%20Business%20Environment%20Secretariat,reform%20agenda%20of%20the%20PEBEC. Sakatariyar Muhalli ta Kasuwanci (EBES)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606072525/https://statehouse.gov.ng/policy/councils-committees/presidential-enabling-business-environment-council/#:~:text=The%20Enabling%20Business%20Environment%20Secretariat,reform%20agenda%20of%20the%20PEBEC. |date=2023-06-06 }} ita ce sashin gudanarwa na PEBEC; aiki tare da ma'aikatu, sassa da hukumomi (MDAs) daban-daban don aiwatar da ajandar sake fasalin hukumar ta PEBEC. Suna aiwatar da gyare-gyaren kuma suna aiwatar da aikin ta hanyoyin da aka sansu da su a cikin gida. == Reportgov == [http://www.pebec.report/ Reportgov] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007165120/http://pebec.report/ |date=2022-10-07 }} shine gidan yanar gizo na ƙorafin ma'aikatan gwamnati na Najeriya don koke-koke da ra'ayoyin jama'a game da hidimar kowace Ma'aikatar, Sashe, da Hukumar Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya. ReportGov tun daga lokacin an ƙirƙira shi cikin ƙa'idar wayar hannu wanda ke sauƙaƙe wa ƴan ƙasa don magance matsalolin da suke fuskanta yayin mu'amala da Hukumomin Gwamnati. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FG Launches PEBEC REPORTGOV.NG App, To Improve Nigeria's Business Environment |url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/Doing-Business-in-Nigeria/FG-Launches-PEBEC-REPORTGOV.NG-App--To-Improve-Nigeria’s-Business-Environment/44411 |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=FG Launches PEBEC REPORTGOV.NG App, To Improve Nigeria’s Business Environment |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-03-15 |title=PEBEC Launches App to Drive Ease of Doing Business |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/15/pebec-launches-app-to-drive-ease-of-doing-business/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-19 |title=FG unveils PEBEC app to boost business environment |url=https://guardian.ng/business-services/fg-unveils-pebec-app-to-boost-business-environment/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen PEBEC == === Ziyarar LITUation Mai Sauƙin Kasuwanci === Ziyarar Yawon shakatawa ta Sauƙaƙan Kasuwanci <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mix |first=Pulse |date=2019-11-22 |title=PEBEC's L.I.T. sub-national tour reflects real-time effect as ease of doing business improves in Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/pebecs-lit-sub-national-tour-reflects-real-time-effect-as-ease-of-doing-business/s0krk4c |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> tana da manufarta ta dogara ne akan ginshiƙai uku na Ji, Aiwatar da Aiwatar da Waƙa tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da masu sauraro a matsayin masu ruwa da tsaki wajen aiwatar da gyare-gyaren da za su canza yanayin kasuwancin Najeriya don ingantawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-11-15 |title=PEBEC Excites Entrepreneurs in Kwara |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/15/pebec-excites-entrepreneurs-in-kwara/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2019-12-05 |title=The Presidential Enabling Business Environment Council (PEBEC) hosts Entrepreneurs & Industry Stakeholders in Akwa Ibom State |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/presidential-enabling-business-environment-council/ |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> === Tsarin Ayyukan Kasa (NAP) === Shirin Ayyukan Kasa ya ƙunshi tsare-tsare da ayyuka da [[Jerin hukumomin gwamnatin Najeriya|ma'aikatu masu nauyi, Sashe da Hukumomi (MDAs)]], [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa]], Gwamnatin [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], da kuma wasu masu ruwa da tsaki na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu za su aiwatar a cikin kwanaki 60 da aka kayyade. Wannan shirin yana gudana daga 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PEBEC launches fourth National Action Plan on ease of doing business reform |url=https://www.financialnigeria.com/pebec-launches-fourth-national-action-plan-on-ease-of-doing-business-reform-sustainable-photovideo-details-1095.html |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=Financial Nigeria International Limited |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.businessmadeeasy.ng/ Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Shugaban Kasa (PEBEC)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606072335/https://www.businessmadeeasy.ng/ |date=2023-06-06 }} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5q4o65aww3d4s2dos4zgfzx0dmvgc4z 0 53325 888373 816022 2026-07-28T07:52:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mario_Scelba_ufficio.jpg|thumb|Mario Scelba]] '''Mario Scelba''' ({{IPA-it|ˈmaːrjo ʃˈʃɛlba|pron|it-Mario Scelba.ogg}}; 5 September 1901 – 29 October 1991) was an Italian [[Ɗan siyasa|politician]] who served as the 33rd prime minister of Italy from February 1954 to July 1955. A founder of the Christian Democracy, Scelba was one of the longest-serving Minister of the Interior in the history of the republic, having served at the Viminale Palace in three distinct terms from 1947 to 1962. A fervent pro-Europeanist, he was also President of the European Parliament from March 1969 to March 1971. An san shi da dokokinsa da manufofinsa, Scelba ya kasance mai mahimmanci a sake gina Italiya bayan yakin basasa, godiya ga sake tsarinsa na 'yan sandan Italiya, wanda ya fito da rashin tsari daga yakin. <ref>[https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/scelba-ministro-troppo-celerino.html Scelba, il ministro troppo celerino], il Giornale</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Scelba a Caltagirone, [[Sisiliya|Sicily]], a cikin shekarar 1901. Mahaifinsa Gaetano Scelba talaka ne mai rabon gado a filin firist Don Luigi Sturzo, yayin da mahaifiyarsa Maria Gambino ta kasance uwar gida . Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya biyar, daya daga cikinsu ya rasu tun yana karami. Scelba ya girma a cikin dangin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] masu lura. Sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara 12 kacal, an tilasta masa barin makaranta kuma ya taimaka wa iyalinsa. Duk da haka, a cikin 1914 Don Sturzo ya ɗauki matakai don tabbatar da ilimi ga Scelba, wanda ya fara halartar aji na farko na ƙananan motsa jiki a Caltagirone. Barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yakin duniya na daya]] ya tilasta wa cibiyar dakatar da darussa kuma Scelba ta farfado da shekarun da suka bata ta hanyar yin karatu a matsayin mai zaman kanta da kuma samun difloma na gargajiya a shekara ta 1920. Daga nan ya karanci shari'a kuma ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Sapienza ta Rome a shekara ta 1924, tare da yin nazari kan karkatar da yanki. <ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mario-scelba_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ Mario Scelba – Dizionario Biografico], treccani.it</ref> A lokacin jami'a, Sturzo ne ya zabe shi a matsayin mataimakinsa da sakatare. Tun daga shekara ta 1919, Sturzo a haƙiƙa ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar Demokraɗiyya ta Kirista ta Italiya (PPI) kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan siyasa a ƙasar. <ref>[https://www.laciviltacattolica.it/articolo/luigi-sturzo-e-il-partito-popolare-italiano/ Luigi Sturzo e il Partito Popolare Italiano]</ref> Lokacin da mai mulkin kama-karya Benito Mussolini ya hau kan karagar mulki, yana murkushe duk wasu jam'iyyu, ciki har da PPI, Sturzo ya yi gudun hijira, yayin da Scelba ya kasance a Roma a matsayin mai ba da labari. A lokacin mulkin, Scelba ya rubuta wa jaridar ''Il Popolo'' ("Mutane"), amma lokacin da aka dakatar da ita a shekara ta 1925, ya kafa wata jarida ta sirri ta mako-mako da aka sani da ''L'idea popolare'' ("Ra'ayin Jama'a"). <ref>[https://issuu.com/istitutoluigisturzo/docs/04-2._luigi_sturzo_-_mario_scelba._ Luigi Sturzo – Mario Scelba : Carteggio (1923–1956)]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin wadannan shekaru, Scelba ya fara aikinsa a matsayin [[lauya]] a kamfanin lauyoyi na Filippo Del Giudice, kuma a lokacin da aka tilasta wa na baya ya bar kasar don ceto daga zalunci, Scelba ya gaji abokan cinikinsa. <ref>[https://digilander.libero.it/storiadimenticata/scelba.htm Mario Scelba – Siti personali] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720170615/https://digilander.libero.it/storiadimenticata/scelba.htm |date=2023-07-20 }}, Libero</ref> A cikin 1929, ya auri Nerina Palestini, daga San Benedetto del Tronto, daga gare ta yana da 'ya mace Maria Luisa, an haife shi a 1930. <ref>[https://www.alinari.it/it/dettaglio/TEA-S-000741-0001 Mario Scelba con la moglie ad un ricevimento]</ref> == Farkon sana'ar siyasa == [[File:Mario_Scelba_1946.jpg|left|thumb|218x218px| Mario Scelba a 1946]] A cikin 1930s, ya zama babban abokin Alcide De Gasperi, tsohon shugaban Jam'iyyar Jama'a bayan gudun hijira Sturzo. Tare da De Gasperi, ya yi aiki tare a cikin tsara ''ra'ayoyin Reconstructive Dimokuradiyya na Kiristanci'', daftarin shirin farko na jam'iyyar gaba, wanda aka buga a watan Yuli 1943. Scelba na cikin kwamitin da ya jagoranci sabuwar jam'iyyar da aka fi sani da Christian Democracy (DC), a lokacin mulkin Jamus. Shi ma 'yan Nazi sun kama shi, amma an sake shi cikin kwanaki uku. Bayan 'yantar da Roma a watan Yuni 1944, ya shiga kwamitin zartarwa na sabuwar jam'iyyar. A cikin majalissar interregional na DC, da aka gudanar a [[Napoli|Naples]] a ranakun 29 da 30 ga Yuli 1944, an zaɓi Scelba ga majalisar jam'iyyar ta ƙasa, wadda ta nada De Gasperi a matsayin sabon sakatare . A maimakon haka aka nada Scelba mataimakin sakatare. <ref name="nyt311091">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE2DA1439F932A05753C1A967958260 Mario Scelba Dies at 90 in Rome; A Prime Minister in Postwar Italy], Obituary in ''The New York Times'', October 31, 1991</ref> [[File:Mario_Scelba_e_Giulio_Andreotti.jpg|thumb|Mario Scelba]] A watan Satumba 1943, Scelba a matsayin Kirista dimokuradiyya, ya shiga National Liberation Committee (CLN), laima kungiyar siyasa da kuma babban wakilin Italiya juriya motsi yaki da Jamus mamaya na [[Italiya]] a sakamakon armistice na Cassibile . A ranar 21 ga Yuni 1945, Ferruccio Parri, shugaban jam'iyyar Action, ya zama sabon Firayim Minista kuma ya nada Scelba a matsayin Ministan Wasiku da Sadarwa, <ref>[https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-parri Governo Parri], camera.it</ref> matsayin da zai rike har zuwa Fabrairu 1947, ko da a karkashin Firayim Minista Alcide De Gasperi. . <ref>[http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/ordinamento-provvisorio-25-luglio-1943-23-maggio-1948-assemblea-3 Governo De Gasperi I], governo.it</ref> A ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1945, an nada shi a Majalisar Kasa, Majalisar Dokoki da ba a zaba ba da aka kafa a Masarautar Italiya bayan karshen yakin. <ref>[https://storia.camera.it/legislature/sistema-consulta-non-elettiva-1945#nav Storia della Camera – Consulta Nazionale], camera.it</ref> A cikin babban zaɓe na 1946, an zaɓi Scelba a Majalisar Mazabar Mazabar Catania–Messina–Siracusa–Ragusa–Enna da kusan ƙuri'u 40,000. <ref>[https://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/index.php?tpel=A&dtel=02/06/1946&tpa=I&tpe=I&lev0=0&levsut0=0&lev1=29&levsut1=1&ne1=29&es0=S&es1=S&ms=S Elezioni del 1946 – Collegio di Catania–Messina–Siracusa–Ragusa–Enna], Ministero dell'Interno</ref> == Ministan cikin gida == A ranar 2 ga Fabrairun 1947, Scelba ya zama Ministan Cikin Gida a gwamnati ta uku ta Alcide de Gasperi, <ref>[http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/ordinamento-provvisorio-25-luglio-1943-23-maggio-1948-assemblea-1 Governo De Gasperi III], governo.it]</ref> kuma ya ci gaba da zama a ofis har zuwa Yuli 1953. <ref>[http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/ii-legislatura-25-giugno-1953-14-marzo-1958/governo-de-gasperi-viii/3224 Governo De Gasperi VIII], governo.it</ref> A cikin waɗannan shekarun, Scelba ya kasance mafi iko a ƙasar, bayan De Gasperi. Bayan da ya shaida Red Biennium da tashin hankali na farkisanci, wanda ya haifar da rikicin 'yan sassaucin ra'ayi da kuma samuwar [[mulkin kama-karya]], Scelba ya gamsu sosai da cewa kula da tsarin jama'a ya zama dole don kare sabuwar tsarin dimokiradiyya da jamhuriya. ; <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ildubbio.news/2018/06/13/cera-scelba-kossiga-storia-sceriffi/ |title="Quando c’era lui." Da Scelba a Cossiga: storia di sceriffi |access-date=2023-07-20 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525215023/https://www.ildubbio.news/2018/06/13/cera-scelba-kossiga-storia-sceriffi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> a haƙiƙa, a duk tsawon mulkinsa ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga doka da oda . <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YvTIDQAAQBAJ&dq=scelba+8+mila+comunisti&pg=PT68 La via italiana alla democrazia]</ref> Rikicinsa mai tsauri ya sa aka masa lakabi da "Iron Sicilian" saboda rashin tausayinsa na murkushe zanga-zangar ma'aikatan bangaren hagu da yajin aikin da ya yi, da kuma gangamin 'yan fascist . <ref>[https://www.francoangeli.it/Ricerca/scheda_libro.aspx?Id=5905 La repubblica della forza: Mario Scelba e le passioni del suo tempo]</ref> === Kisan kisa na Portella della Ginestra === Bayan watanni uku kacal a ofis a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida, Scelba ya fuskanci kisan kiyashin na Portella della Ginestra . Kwanaki goma sha biyu bayan nasarar zaben na bangaren hagu a zaben yankin Sicilian na shekarar 1947, an kai hari kan faretin kwadago na ranar 1 ga Mayu a Portella della Ginestra, wanda ya kai ga kashe mutane 11 da raunata sama da talatin. An alakanta harin da dan ta'adda kuma jagoran 'yan aware Salvatore Giuliano, manufar ita ce hukunta 'yan adawa na cikin gida saboda sakamakon zaben na baya-bayan nan. <ref name="dickie265">Dickie, ''Cosa Nostra'', pp. 265–6</ref> [[File:Mario_Scelba_1947.jpg|right|thumb|230x230px| Mario Scelba a 1947]] Scelba ya kai rahoto ga Majalisar washegari cewa har zuwa yadda ‘yan sanda za su iya tantance, harbin Portella della Ginestra ba na siyasa ba ne. Ya yi ikirarin cewa ‘yan bindiga sun yi kaurin suna a cikin kwarin da abin ya faru. Duk da haka, an kalubalanci wannan sigar ta hagu. Mataimakin kwaminisanci Girolamo Li Causi ya jaddada yanayin siyasar kisan kiyashin, yana mai ikirarin cewa Mafia ne suka kai harin, tare da hadin gwiwa da manyan masu mallakar filaye, sarakuna da kuma 'yan rajin kare hakkin jama'a . <ref name="tim120547" /> Ya kuma yi ikirarin cewa sufeto 'yan sanda Ettore Messana - wanda ya kamata ya daidaita batun gurfanar da 'yan fashin - ya kasance tare da Giuliano kuma ya yi tir da Scelba saboda barin Messana ya ci gaba da zama a ofis. Daga baya takardun za su tabbatar da zargin. <ref name="servadio128">Servadio, ''Mafioso'', pp. 128–9</ref> Li Causi da Scelba za su kasance manyan abokan hamayya bayan kisan kiyashin - kisan da ake zargin Salvatore Giuliano da aka yi, da kuma shari'ar Laftanar Giuliano Gaspare Pisciotta da sauran sauran mambobin kungiyar Giuliano. An gudanar da shari'ar wadanda ke da alhakin a cikin birnin Viterbo, wanda ya fara a lokacin rani na 1950. A lokacin shari'ar, an sake zargin Scelba da hannu a cikin shirin aiwatar da kisan kiyashi, amma zargin ya saba da sabani ko kuma a bayyane. A ƙarshe, alkali ya ƙarasa da cewa babu wata hukuma mafi girma da ta ba da umarnin kisan kiyashin, kuma ƙungiyar Giuliano ta ɗauki kanta. <ref name="dickie265">Dickie, ''Cosa Nostra'', pp. 265–6</ref> A cikin shari'ar Pisciotta ya ce: "Sau da yawa Scelba ya koma kan maganarsa: Mattarella da Cusumano sun koma Roma don neman a yi mana afuwa gaba daya, amma Scelba ya musanta dukan alkawuransa." Pisciotta ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa ya kashe Salvatore Giuliano a cikin barcinsa ta hanyar tsarawa da Scelba. Duk da haka, babu wata shaida cewa Scelba yana da dangantaka da Pisciotta. <ref name="ser135">Servadio, ''Mafioso'', pp. 135–7</ref> === 1948 zabe === Babban zaɓen da aka yi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1948 ya yi tasiri sosai sakamakon [[Cold War|yaƙin cacar baka]] tsakanin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . Bayan juyin mulkin kwaminisanci a watan Fabrairu na 1948 a cikin Czechoslovakia, Amurka ta firgita game da niyyar Soviet kuma tana tsoron cewa, idan haɗin gwiwar hagu ya ci zabe, Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Italiya (PCI) da Tarayyar Soviet za ta jawo Italiya cikin Tarayyar Soviet. fagen tasiri. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya ci gaba da kasancewa ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba a cikin zaɓen baki da tsatsauran ra'ayi a tarihin jamhuriyar Italiya. Farfagandar dimokaradiyya ta Kirista ta shahara wajen iƙirarin cewa a ƙasashen gurguzu “’ya’ya na tura iyaye gidan yari”, “ya’ya mallakar gwamnati ne”, “mutane sun ci nasu ‘ya’yansu” da kuma iƙirarin cewa bala’i zai afka wa Italiya idan masu hannun hagu za su kai hari. iko. A matsayinsa na ministan harkokin cikin gida, Scelba ya sanar da cewa gwamnati na da mutane 330,000 da ke karkashin makamai, ciki har da wata runduna ta musamman ta 150,000 da ke shirin kai wa 'yan gurguzu idan za su yi kokarin kawo matsala a ranar zabe. <ref name="tim120448">[http://jcgi.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,779791,00.html Show of Force]{{Dead link}}, ''Time Magazine'', April 12, 1948</ref> Sai dai daga karshe an yi nasarar lashe zaben da rata mai dadi daga DC, wanda ya kayar da kawancen jam'iyyar Popular Democratic Front (FDP) mai ra'ayin hagu wanda ya hada da PCI da Italiyanci Socialist Party (PSI). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=179–194}}</ref> Bayan zaben, De Gasperi ya ci gaba da mulki ba tare da 'yan gurguzu ba, wadanda suka kasance gwamnati tun daga watan Yunin 1944, lokacin da aka kafa gwamnatin farko bayan yakin, har zuwa watan Mayun 1947, yayin da Scelba ya rike mukaminsa na ministan harkokin cikin gida. <ref>[http://www.governo.it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/i-legislatura-8-maggio-1948-4-aprile-1953/governo-de-gasperi-v/3228 Governo De Gasperi V], governo.it</ref> === Reorganization of the police === [[File:Reparto_Celere.jpg|right|thumb|230x230px| The ''Reparto Celere'', tawagar tarzoma ta musamman da ke hawan jeep na ' yan sandan Italiya]] A lokacin hidimarsa, Scelba ya sake tsara tsarin 'yan sandan Italiya sosai, inda ya fara da korar tsoffin 'yan jam'iyyar fiye da 8,000, tare da zargin kasancewa 'yan tawayen kwaminisanci. <ref>[https://www.corriere.it/giampaolo-pansa-ritorno-in-solferino/19_novembre_23/i-misteri-scelba-ministro-piu-odiato-che-tolse-comunisti-polizia-fa3d7454-0dce-11ea-8033-a2d631aa9706_preview.shtml?reason=unauthenticated&cat=1&cid=-gq-UEKB&pids=FR&credits=1&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2Fgiampaolo-pansa-ritorno-in-solferino%2F19_novembre_23%2Fi-misteri-scelba-ministro-piu-odiato-che-tolse-comunisti-polizia-fa3d7454-0dce-11ea-8033-a2d631aa9706.shtml I misteri di Scelba, il ministro più odiato che tolse i comunisti dalla polizia], Corriere della Sera</ref> Sa’ad da ya hau ofis, ƙungiyar ’yan sanda ta yi rashin kunya har Scelba ya ce: “Idan na kasance ɗan gurguzu, da gobe zan fara juyin juya hali. A lokacin mulkinsa, ya mayar da ‘yan sandan kasar da suka ruguje zuwa wani runduna ta wasu jami’ai 100,000, sannan ya kafa rundunar tarzoma, dauke da muggan makamai da makamai da motoci masu sulke da jeep na musamman, mai suna ''Reparto Celere'' (“Sashen Fast”). Ya bayyana kansa a matsayin mutum mai aiwatar da abin da ya dauka na gurguzu. A yin haka, Scelba ya sha suka daga Kiristoci da yawa na demokraɗiyya waɗanda suka ƙi yarda da mugun halinsa. A shekara ta 1952, ya rubuta abin da ake kira "Dokar Scelba", wanda ya gabatar da laifin neman gafarar farkisanci. <ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2000/11/22/edold.t_42.php 1950: Italian Activism], International Herald Tribune</ref> Scelba yana da ra'ayin mazan jiya game da wasu batutuwa kamar sutsan wanka, sumbatar jama'a da tsiraici. Duk da wannan da kuma damuwarsa guda ɗaya na doka da oda, akan al'amuran zamantakewa da tattalin arziki Scelba ya jingina a hagu na tsakiya a cikin DC. Ya fi son ƙarin gyare-gyaren zamantakewa da ayyukan jama'a, yana kai hari ga masu hasashe don haɓaka farashin. "Kusan ba zai yiwu ba," in ji shi, " zama Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na gwamnatin da ba ta damu ba ko mutane suna aiki ko a'a." Scelba ya jaddada yiwuwar raunana karfin kwaminisanci "ta hanyar ƙaddara matakan inganta zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kamar sake fasalin ƙasa na manyan gidaje a Kudancin Italiya, alal misali." Yayin da yake kan mukamin, ya kuma shiga cikin kafa hanyar sadarwa ta Gladio, aikin " tsayawa baya " [[NATO|na NATO]] a cikin Italiya bayan yakin duniya na biyu, wanda aka yi niyya don tsara juriya bayan mamayewar Warsaw Pact na yammacin Turai. <ref>Ganser, ''[http://www.indymedia.org.uk/media/2006/12/358945.pdf NATO's secret Armies]'', p. 107</ref> [[File:Scelba_De_Gasperi.jpg|right|thumb|220x220px| Mario Scelba tare da Firayim Minista Alcide De Gasperi a cikin shekarun 1950]] Babban zaɓen na 1953 ya kasance da sauye-sauye a cikin dokar zaɓe. Ko da babban tsarin ya ci gaba da kasancewa ba tare da cin hanci ba, gwamnati ta gabatar da wani kaso mai tsoka na kashi biyu bisa uku na kujeru a majalisar na kawancen da zai samu cikakkiyar rinjayen kuri'u. Canjin ya samu kakkausan adawa daga jam'iyyun adawa da kuma kananan abokan kawance na DC, wadanda ba su da wata dama ta hakika ta samun nasara a karkashin wannan tsarin. Masu zaginta sun kira sabuwar dokar da sunan ''zamba'', ciki har da wasu 'yan adawa na kananan jam'iyyun gwamnati wadanda suka kafa kungiyoyin adawa na musamman don musun [[Zaftarewar ƙasa|zaftarewar kasa]] ta wucin gadi ga Demokradiyyar Kirista. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na masu adawa da "Dokar Zamba" ta cimma burinta. Haɗin gwiwar gwamnati ya sami kashi 49.9% na ƙuri'un ƙasa, ƙuri'u dubu kaɗan ne kawai na ƙofa na babban rinjaye, wanda ya haifar da rabon kujeru na yau da kullun. A fasahance, gwamnati ta lashe zaben, inda ta samu rinjayen kujerun majalisun biyu. Amma takaicin rashin samun nasara a babban rinjaye ya haifar da tashin hankali a cikin manyan kawancen. Majalisar ta tilastawa De Gasperi yin murabus a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta. <ref>{{In lang|it}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120801002834/http://www.questia.com/projects#!/project/89210209 {{Lang|it|Come il Senato si scoprì vaso di coccio}}, in L’Ago e il filo, 2014]</ref> A ranar 17 ga Agusta, Shugaba Einaudi ya nada Pella a matsayin sabon Firayim Minista . <ref>[http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2018/05/12/news/matterella_cita_einaudi_e_l_incarico_a_pella_fu_il_primo_governo_del_presidente-196214438/?ref=RHPPLF-BL-I0-C8-P1-S1.8-T2 Mattarella cita Einaudi e l'incarico a Pella: fu il primo governo del presidente]</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gjmj2qfgpcvxnal3m69vlcfmw93wbsr 0 54086 888145 440934 2026-07-27T16:11:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 888145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} [[File:Cadillac XT4 001.jpg|Cadillac XT4|right|250px|thumb]] [[File:CADILLAC XT4 China.jpg|CADILLAC_XT4_China|250px|right]] [[File:Cadillac XT4 01 China 2019-03-20.jpg|Cadillac_XT4_01_China_2019-03-20|right|250px]] [[File:Cadillac XT4 0002 China 2019-03-13.jpg|Cadillac_XT4_0002_China_2019-03-13|right|250px]] [[File:Cadillac XT4 03 China 2019-03-20.jpg|Cadillac_XT4_03_China_2019-03-20|right|250px]] Cadillac XT4, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2019, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan SUV ne wanda ke ba da haɗin salo, fasaha, da kuma amfani. XT4 ƙarni na 1 yana fasalta ƙirar waje na zamani da na wasanni, tare da samuwan fasali kamar fitilun fitilun LED da ɗaga wuta mara hannu. A ciki, gidan yana ba da yanayi mai jin daɗi da fasaha, tare da abubuwan da ake samu kamar kayan kwalliyar fata da nunin infotainment inch 8. Cadillac yana ba da injin turbocharged hudu-Silinda don XT4, yana ba da ma'auni na aiki da ingantaccen mai. Ƙaƙƙarfan girman XT4 da sarrafa nimble sun sa ya dace sosai don tuƙi na birni da kewaya ta wurare masu tsauri. Fasalolin tsaro kamar kyamarar duba baya, sa ido a wuri makaho, da birki na gaggawa ta atomatik suna ba da ƙarin aminci da dacewa ga direbobi. ==Manazarta== {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} c51f57l5q44x7vtw3c0xvtsxk22n4bn 0 54275 888463 876998 2026-07-28T11:52:06Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353531377|Oluwole Ogundare]]" 888463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] rbk1f36jbelujl8eeh36w04c8cq9plk 888464 888463 2026-07-28T11:52:26Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353531377|Oluwole Ogundare]]" 888464 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] m6bi01wxptm9p7upzwzpezh1hodgd3o 888465 888464 2026-07-28T11:52:56Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353531377|Oluwole Ogundare]]" 888465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] 10zzg329we5ki6upba6cxhu20qv032o 888466 888465 2026-07-28T11:53:09Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353531377|Oluwole Ogundare]]" 888466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . == Sana'a == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] 15xei7o0kowzge7b03z0essjbgd1hvj 888467 888466 2026-07-28T11:53:21Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353531377|Oluwole Ogundare]]" 888467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . == Sana'a == An fara ba da umarni a Ogundare a shekarar 2016 don shirin kasada na shirin Najeriya mai suna "Lola" wanda Celine Dimas ta shirya. A shekarar 2020, ya ba da umarni a fim ɗin Najeriya mai suna Violated (wani ɗan gajeren fim game da Fyade da Cin Zarafi) wanda [[Seun Sean Jimoh]] da Lekan Ogunjobi suka fito a ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2020 |title=Watch ''Violated'' - The Trending Short Rape Movie |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2020/6/watch-violated-the-trending-short-rape-movie.html.html |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=lindaikejisblog.com}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] hb7kqsyx84p1g27pq8zrhifejmcgy7p 888468 888467 2026-07-28T11:53:35Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353531377|Oluwole Ogundare]]" 888468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . == Sana'a == An fara ba da umarni a Ogundare a shekarar 2016 don shirin kasada na shirin Najeriya mai suna "Lola" wanda Celine Dimas ta shirya. A shekarar 2020, ya ba da umarni a fim ɗin Najeriya mai suna Violated (wani ɗan gajeren fim game da Fyade da Cin Zarafi) wanda [[Seun Sean Jimoh]] da Lekan Ogunjobi suka fito a ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2020 |title=Watch ''Violated'' - The Trending Short Rape Movie |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2020/6/watch-violated-the-trending-short-rape-movie.html.html |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=lindaikejisblog.com}}</ref> == Fim ɗin wani ɓangare == === Fim === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] 9kjiv6z2cz47bw7it0fudja8wh4nvdu 888469 888468 2026-07-28T11:54:02Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353531377|Oluwole Ogundare]]" 888469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . == Sana'a == An fara ba da umarni a Ogundare a shekarar 2016 don shirin kasada na shirin Najeriya mai suna "Lola" wanda Celine Dimas ta shirya. A shekarar 2020, ya ba da umarni a fim ɗin Najeriya mai suna Violated (wani ɗan gajeren fim game da Fyade da Cin Zarafi) wanda [[Seun Sean Jimoh]] da Lekan Ogunjobi suka fito a ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2020 |title=Watch ''Violated'' - The Trending Short Rape Movie |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2020/6/watch-violated-the-trending-short-rape-movie.html.html |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=lindaikejisblog.com}}</ref> == Fim ɗin wani ɓangare == === Fim === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayin ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Lola Jerin Wasanni'' | Darakta | Jerin Talabijin | |- | 2020 | ''An keta doka'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Gajeren fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Violated |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13162472/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2020 |title=Watch this Short Film "Violated" Addressing Rape and Abuse |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/short-film-violated-addresses-rape-and-abuse/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Yanar gizo'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Fim ɗin Fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=REGINA ASKIA SPILLS SEX DETAILS ON FORTHCOMING MOVIE, WEB |url=https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819010419/https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=yara.ng}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Amurka'' | Daraktan Ƙirƙira | Wasan Yarabawa | |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] r1ut7l810isxkiifv1j7cb2iwl9qov6 888470 888469 2026-07-28T11:54:15Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353531377|Oluwole Ogundare]]" 888470 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . == Sana'a == An fara ba da umarni a Ogundare a shekarar 2016 don shirin kasada na shirin Najeriya mai suna "Lola" wanda Celine Dimas ta shirya. A shekarar 2020, ya ba da umarni a fim ɗin Najeriya mai suna Violated (wani ɗan gajeren fim game da Fyade da Cin Zarafi) wanda [[Seun Sean Jimoh]] da Lekan Ogunjobi suka fito a ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2020 |title=Watch ''Violated'' - The Trending Short Rape Movie |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2020/6/watch-violated-the-trending-short-rape-movie.html.html |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=lindaikejisblog.com}}</ref> == Fim ɗin wani ɓangare == === Fim === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayin ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Lola Jerin Wasanni'' | Darakta | Jerin Talabijin | |- | 2020 | ''An keta doka'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Gajeren fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Violated |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13162472/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2020 |title=Watch this Short Film "Violated" Addressing Rape and Abuse |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/short-film-violated-addresses-rape-and-abuse/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Yanar gizo'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Fim ɗin Fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=REGINA ASKIA SPILLS SEX DETAILS ON FORTHCOMING MOVIE, WEB |url=https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819010419/https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=yara.ng}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Amurka'' | Daraktan Ƙirƙira | Wasan Yarabawa | |} == Zaɓaɓɓen bidiyon kiɗa (a matsayin darakta) == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] 5f0vito713kzcrrhtvyyy07l6pexdf9 888471 888470 2026-07-28T11:54:31Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353531377|Oluwole Ogundare]]" 888471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . == Sana'a == An fara ba da umarni a Ogundare a shekarar 2016 don shirin kasada na shirin Najeriya mai suna "Lola" wanda Celine Dimas ta shirya. A shekarar 2020, ya ba da umarni a fim ɗin Najeriya mai suna Violated (wani ɗan gajeren fim game da Fyade da Cin Zarafi) wanda [[Seun Sean Jimoh]] da Lekan Ogunjobi suka fito a ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2020 |title=Watch ''Violated'' - The Trending Short Rape Movie |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2020/6/watch-violated-the-trending-short-rape-movie.html.html |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=lindaikejisblog.com}}</ref> == Fim ɗin wani ɓangare == === Fim === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayin ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Lola Jerin Wasanni'' | Darakta | Jerin Talabijin | |- | 2020 | ''An keta doka'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Gajeren fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Violated |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13162472/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2020 |title=Watch this Short Film "Violated" Addressing Rape and Abuse |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/short-film-violated-addresses-rape-and-abuse/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Yanar gizo'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Fim ɗin Fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=REGINA ASKIA SPILLS SEX DETAILS ON FORTHCOMING MOVIE, WEB |url=https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819010419/https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=yara.ng}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Amurka'' | Daraktan Ƙirƙira | Wasan Yarabawa | |} == Zaɓaɓɓen bidiyon kiɗa (a matsayin darakta) == * 2016: "Bouce it remix" na MC Galaxy ft Beniton X Double Dose <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bez Drops New Video, Say |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2013/07/24/bez-drops-new-video-say/ |website=Channels Television}}</ref> * 2018: "Stamina Remix" na Korede Bello X Gyptian X Young DX DJ Tunez <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=VIDEO: Korede Bello X Gyptian X Young D X DJ Tunez - Stamina (International Remix) |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-korede-bello-x-gyptian-x-young-d-x-dj-tunez-stamina-international-remix/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> * 2016: "Sannu" ta MC Galaxy <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2016 |title=New Video: MC Galaxy – Hello |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/01/new-video-mc-galaxy-hello/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> * 2016: "Shupe For Ayade" na MC Galaxy * 2019: "Koloko" na BM X Nestreya <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2019 |title=VIDEO: BM & Nestreya – Koloko |url=https://jukeboxmusic.com.ng/video-bm-nestreya-koloko/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=jukeboxmusic.com.ng}}</ref> * 2019: "Ku Yi Rayuwarku" ta Ms. Bodega X Gyptian X MC Galaxy X Neza X Neil Bajayo X Young D * 2018: "Wannan Mace" ta Maxi Priest X [[Yemi Alade]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2018 |title=VIDEO: Maxi Priest ft. Yemi Alade - This Woman |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-maxi-priest-ft-yemi-alade-this-woman/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> * 2019: "Aikin Jiki" na Young DX Harmonize X [[Banki na Reekado|Reekado Banks]] * 2016: "Snap O (Snapchat)" na MC Galaxy X Neza X Mucicmanty X Kelli Pyle <ref>{{Cite web |title=MUSIC: MC Galaxy – Snapchat Ft. Neza Africa, Kelly Pyle & Musicman TY |url=https://confirmgist.com.ng/2016/07/music-mc-galaxy-snapchat-ft-neza-africa-kelly-pyle-musicman-ty/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=confirmgist.com.ng}}</ref> * 2017: "Sokutu" na Koffi X Small Doctor X Qdot X QDot <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2016 |title=VIDEO: Koffi – Sokutu Ft Small Doctor & QDot |url=https://www.mp3bullet.ng/video-koffi-sokutu-ft-small-doctor-qdot/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=mp3bullet.ng}}</ref> * 2024: "Na Made It" ta Harmonize feat. Bobby Shmurda & Bien [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] oxz27y9evcv32r6pa4lkay13x5mxz6z 888472 888471 2026-07-28T11:54:48Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353531377|Oluwole Ogundare]]" 888472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . == Sana'a == An fara ba da umarni a Ogundare a shekarar 2016 don shirin kasada na shirin Najeriya mai suna "Lola" wanda Celine Dimas ta shirya. A shekarar 2020, ya ba da umarni a fim ɗin Najeriya mai suna Violated (wani ɗan gajeren fim game da Fyade da Cin Zarafi) wanda [[Seun Sean Jimoh]] da Lekan Ogunjobi suka fito a ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2020 |title=Watch ''Violated'' - The Trending Short Rape Movie |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2020/6/watch-violated-the-trending-short-rape-movie.html.html |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=lindaikejisblog.com}}</ref> == Fim ɗin wani ɓangare == === Fim === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayin ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Lola Jerin Wasanni'' | Darakta | Jerin Talabijin | |- | 2020 | ''An keta doka'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Gajeren fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Violated |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13162472/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2020 |title=Watch this Short Film "Violated" Addressing Rape and Abuse |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/short-film-violated-addresses-rape-and-abuse/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Yanar gizo'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Fim ɗin Fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=REGINA ASKIA SPILLS SEX DETAILS ON FORTHCOMING MOVIE, WEB |url=https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819010419/https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=yara.ng}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Amurka'' | Daraktan Ƙirƙira | Wasan Yarabawa | |} == Zaɓaɓɓen bidiyon kiɗa (a matsayin darakta) == * 2016: "Bouce it remix" na MC Galaxy ft Beniton X Double Dose <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bez Drops New Video, Say |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2013/07/24/bez-drops-new-video-say/ |website=Channels Television}}</ref> * 2018: "Stamina Remix" na Korede Bello X Gyptian X Young DX DJ Tunez <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=VIDEO: Korede Bello X Gyptian X Young D X DJ Tunez - Stamina (International Remix) |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-korede-bello-x-gyptian-x-young-d-x-dj-tunez-stamina-international-remix/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> * 2016: "Sannu" ta MC Galaxy <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2016 |title=New Video: MC Galaxy – Hello |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/01/new-video-mc-galaxy-hello/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> * 2016: "Shupe For Ayade" na MC Galaxy * 2019: "Koloko" na BM X Nestreya <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2019 |title=VIDEO: BM & Nestreya – Koloko |url=https://jukeboxmusic.com.ng/video-bm-nestreya-koloko/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=jukeboxmusic.com.ng}}</ref> * 2019: "Ku Yi Rayuwarku" ta Ms. Bodega X Gyptian X MC Galaxy X Neza X Neil Bajayo X Young D * 2018: "Wannan Mace" ta Maxi Priest X [[Yemi Alade]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2018 |title=VIDEO: Maxi Priest ft. Yemi Alade - This Woman |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-maxi-priest-ft-yemi-alade-this-woman/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> * 2019: "Aikin Jiki" na Young DX Harmonize X [[Banki na Reekado|Reekado Banks]] * 2016: "Snap O (Snapchat)" na MC Galaxy X Neza X Mucicmanty X Kelli Pyle <ref>{{Cite web |title=MUSIC: MC Galaxy – Snapchat Ft. Neza Africa, Kelly Pyle & Musicman TY |url=https://confirmgist.com.ng/2016/07/music-mc-galaxy-snapchat-ft-neza-africa-kelly-pyle-musicman-ty/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=confirmgist.com.ng}}</ref> * 2017: "Sokutu" na Koffi X Small Doctor X Qdot X QDot <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2016 |title=VIDEO: Koffi – Sokutu Ft Small Doctor & QDot |url=https://www.mp3bullet.ng/video-koffi-sokutu-ft-small-doctor-qdot/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=mp3bullet.ng}}</ref> * 2024: "Na Made It" ta Harmonize feat. Bobby Shmurda & Bien == Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Kyauta ! Nau'i ! Sakamako ! Bayani |- | 2020 | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗi na Afirka a Amurka | Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire na shekara|{{Won}} | |- | 2021 | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗi na Afirka a Amurka | Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire na shekara|{{Won}} | <ref name="AEAUSA 2021 WINNERS">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-09 |title=2021 WINNERS |url=https://aeausa.net/awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205215008/https://aeausa.net/awards/ |archive-date=2021-12-05 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=aeausa.net |language=en-US}}</ref> |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] lre0gyho5euz3wg1uxxrxvybdnreg2k 888473 888472 2026-07-28T11:55:31Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 888473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . == Sana'a == An fara ba da umarni a Ogundare a shekarar 2016 don shirin kasada na shirin Najeriya mai suna "Lola" wanda Celine Dimas ta shirya. A shekarar 2020, ya ba da umarni a fim ɗin Najeriya mai suna Violated (wani ɗan gajeren fim game da Fyade da Cin Zarafi) wanda [[Seun Sean Jimoh]] da Lekan Ogunjobi suka fito a ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2020 |title=Watch ''Violated'' - The Trending Short Rape Movie |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2020/6/watch-violated-the-trending-short-rape-movie.html.html |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=lindaikejisblog.com}}</ref> == Fim ɗin wani ɓangare == === Fim === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayin ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Lola Jerin Wasanni'' | Darakta | Jerin Talabijin | |- | 2020 | ''An keta doka'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Gajeren fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Violated |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13162472/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2020 |title=Watch this Short Film "Violated" Addressing Rape and Abuse |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/short-film-violated-addresses-rape-and-abuse/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Yanar gizo'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Fim ɗin Fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=REGINA ASKIA SPILLS SEX DETAILS ON FORTHCOMING MOVIE, WEB |url=https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819010419/https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=yara.ng}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Amurka'' | Daraktan Ƙirƙira | Wasan Yarabawa | |} == Zaɓaɓɓen bidiyon kiɗa (a matsayin darakta) == * 2016: "Bouce it remix" na MC Galaxy ft Beniton X Double Dose <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bez Drops New Video, Say |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2013/07/24/bez-drops-new-video-say/ |website=Channels Television}}</ref> * 2018: "Stamina Remix" na Korede Bello X Gyptian X Young DX DJ Tunez <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=VIDEO: Korede Bello X Gyptian X Young D X DJ Tunez - Stamina (International Remix) |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-korede-bello-x-gyptian-x-young-d-x-dj-tunez-stamina-international-remix/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> * 2016: "Sannu" ta MC Galaxy <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2016 |title=New Video: MC Galaxy – Hello |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/01/new-video-mc-galaxy-hello/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> * 2016: "Shupe For Ayade" na MC Galaxy * 2019: "Koloko" na BM X Nestreya <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2019 |title=VIDEO: BM & Nestreya – Koloko |url=https://jukeboxmusic.com.ng/video-bm-nestreya-koloko/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=jukeboxmusic.com.ng}}</ref> * 2019: "Ku Yi Rayuwarku" ta Ms. Bodega X Gyptian X MC Galaxy X Neza X Neil Bajayo X Young D * 2018: "Wannan Mace" ta Maxi Priest X [[Yemi Alade]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2018 |title=VIDEO: Maxi Priest ft. Yemi Alade - This Woman |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-maxi-priest-ft-yemi-alade-this-woman/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> * 2019: "Aikin Jiki" na Young DX Harmonize X [[Banki na Reekado|Reekado Banks]] * 2016: "Snap O (Snapchat)" na MC Galaxy X Neza X Mucicmanty X Kelli Pyle <ref>{{Cite web |title=MUSIC: MC Galaxy – Snapchat Ft. Neza Africa, Kelly Pyle & Musicman TY |url=https://confirmgist.com.ng/2016/07/music-mc-galaxy-snapchat-ft-neza-africa-kelly-pyle-musicman-ty/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=confirmgist.com.ng}}</ref> * 2017: "Sokutu" na Koffi X Small Doctor X Qdot X QDot <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2016 |title=VIDEO: Koffi – Sokutu Ft Small Doctor & QDot |url=https://www.mp3bullet.ng/video-koffi-sokutu-ft-small-doctor-qdot/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=mp3bullet.ng}}</ref> * 2024: "Na Made It" ta Harmonize feat. Bobby Shmurda & Bien == Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Kyauta ! Nau'i ! Sakamako ! Bayani |- | 2020 | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗi na Afirka a Amurka | Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire na shekara|{{Won}} | |- | 2021 | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗi na Afirka a Amurka | Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire na shekara|{{Won}} | <ref name="AEAUSA 2021 WINNERS">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-09 |title=2021 WINNERS |url=https://aeausa.net/awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205215008/https://aeausa.net/awards/ |archive-date=2021-12-05 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=aeausa.net |language=en-US}}</ref> |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta c6llbjt315kjnxamtthmc5qg19viau1 888475 888473 2026-07-28T11:55:55Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 888475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oluwole Ogundare Ezekiel''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Wole Ogundare''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Agusta 1984) [[Darakta|daraktan]] fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire, daraktan bidiyon kiɗa kuma furodusa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oluwole Ogundare |url=https://filmfreeway.com/OluwoleOgundare |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wole Ogundare a [[Lagos (birni)|birnin Lagos]] na Najeriya a watan Agusta na shekarar 1984. Ya halarci Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Jelly Las sannan ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Folbim, Legas. Daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Bayanai da kuma [[Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Osun|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Osun inda]] ya sami digirin farko a fannin sadarwa . == Sana'a == An fara ba da umarni a Ogundare a shekarar 2016 don shirin kasada na shirin Najeriya mai suna "Lola" wanda Celine Dimas ta shirya. A shekarar 2020, ya ba da umarni a fim ɗin Najeriya mai suna Violated (wani ɗan gajeren fim game da Fyade da Cin Zarafi) wanda [[Seun Sean Jimoh]] da Lekan Ogunjobi suka fito a ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2020 |title=Watch ''Violated'' - The Trending Short Rape Movie |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2020/6/watch-violated-the-trending-short-rape-movie.html.html |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=lindaikejisblog.com}}</ref> == Fim ɗin wani ɓangare == === Fim === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Fim ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Matsayin ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Lola Jerin Wasanni'' | Darakta | Jerin Talabijin | |- | 2020 | ''An keta doka'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Gajeren fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Violated |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13162472/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2020 |title=Watch this Short Film "Violated" Addressing Rape and Abuse |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/short-film-violated-addresses-rape-and-abuse/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Yanar gizo'' | Darakta, Mai Shiryawa, Edita | Fim ɗin Fim | <ref>{{Cite web |title=REGINA ASKIA SPILLS SEX DETAILS ON FORTHCOMING MOVIE, WEB |url=https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819010419/https://yara.ng/regina-askia-spills-sex-details-on-forthcoming-movie-web/ |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=yara.ng}}</ref> |- | 2021 | ''Amurka'' | Daraktan Ƙirƙira | Wasan Yarabawa | |} == Zaɓaɓɓen bidiyon kiɗa (a matsayin darakta) == * 2016: "Bouce it remix" na MC Galaxy ft Beniton X Double Dose <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bez Drops New Video, Say |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2013/07/24/bez-drops-new-video-say/ |website=Channels Television}}</ref> * 2018: "Stamina Remix" na Korede Bello X Gyptian X Young DX DJ Tunez <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=VIDEO: Korede Bello X Gyptian X Young D X DJ Tunez - Stamina (International Remix) |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-korede-bello-x-gyptian-x-young-d-x-dj-tunez-stamina-international-remix/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> * 2016: "Sannu" ta MC Galaxy <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2016 |title=New Video: MC Galaxy – Hello |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/01/new-video-mc-galaxy-hello/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> * 2016: "Shupe For Ayade" na MC Galaxy * 2019: "Koloko" na BM X Nestreya <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2019 |title=VIDEO: BM & Nestreya – Koloko |url=https://jukeboxmusic.com.ng/video-bm-nestreya-koloko/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=jukeboxmusic.com.ng}}</ref> * 2019: "Ku Yi Rayuwarku" ta Ms. Bodega X Gyptian X MC Galaxy X Neza X Neil Bajayo X Young D * 2018: "Wannan Mace" ta Maxi Priest X [[Yemi Alade]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2018 |title=VIDEO: Maxi Priest ft. Yemi Alade - This Woman |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/video-maxi-priest-ft-yemi-alade-this-woman/ |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> * 2019: "Aikin Jiki" na Young DX Harmonize X [[Banki na Reekado|Reekado Banks]] * 2016: "Snap O (Snapchat)" na MC Galaxy X Neza X Mucicmanty X Kelli Pyle <ref>{{Cite web |title=MUSIC: MC Galaxy – Snapchat Ft. Neza Africa, Kelly Pyle & Musicman TY |url=https://confirmgist.com.ng/2016/07/music-mc-galaxy-snapchat-ft-neza-africa-kelly-pyle-musicman-ty/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=confirmgist.com.ng}}</ref> * 2017: "Sokutu" na Koffi X Small Doctor X Qdot X QDot <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2016 |title=VIDEO: Koffi – Sokutu Ft Small Doctor & QDot |url=https://www.mp3bullet.ng/video-koffi-sokutu-ft-small-doctor-qdot/ |access-date=August 18, 2022 |publisher=mp3bullet.ng}}</ref> * 2024: "Na Made It" ta Harmonize feat. Bobby Shmurda & Bien == Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Kyauta ! Nau'i ! Sakamako ! Bayani |- | 2020 | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗi na Afirka a Amurka | Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire na shekara|{{Won}} | |- | 2021 | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗi na Afirka a Amurka | Daraktan Kirkire-kirkire na shekara|{{Won}} | <ref name="AEAUSA 2021 WINNERS">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-09 |title=2021 WINNERS |url=https://aeausa.net/awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205215008/https://aeausa.net/awards/ |archive-date=2021-12-05 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=aeausa.net |language=en-US}}</ref> |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta ny7pjgfvaaqbklfit4vkeufd3grs2jp 0 56471 888125 671349 2026-07-27T16:02:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 888125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chabbal Waddi''' (wanda aka sani da Dutsen Mutuwa) a [[Najeriya|kasar Najeriya]] kuma, a {{Convert|2,419|m|ft}}, shine mafi girman matsayi a ƙasar. A cikin [[Jahar Taraba|jihar Taraba]] kusa da kan iyaka da [[Kamaru|kasar Kamaru]], a gefen dajin Gashaka Gumti da gandun dajin Gashaka-Gumti da ke [[Tudun Mambilla|yankin Plateau na Mambilla]]. Wani yanki ne na tsaunukan Bamenda-Alantika-Mandara na Najeriya da Kamaru.{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Hujja}} s4wj4u8osnidqki1w5845b25l940hnm 0 62786 888102 520136 2026-07-27T14:22:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma’aikatar masana’antu da kasuwanci da saka hannun jari ta tarayya''' reshe ne na [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya]] da ke da alhakin samar da dukiya da ayyukan yi, rage raɗaɗin [[talauci]], gami da ƙara habaka tattalin arzikin ƙasar.<ref>{{cite web |title=FMITI |url=https://nepc.gov.ng/blog/strategic-partner/fmiti/ |website=NEPC |publisher=Nigerian Export Promotion Council |access-date=5 September 2023}}</ref> An canza wa ma’aikatar suna daga ma’aikatar Ciniki da zuba jari. [[Doris Uzoka-Anite]] ita ce ministar masana’antu, kasuwanci da zuba jari a yanzu. Shugaban Najeriya [[Bola Tinubu]] ne ya naɗa ta acikin shekara ta 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doris, Wike, Umahi, Bosun and Pate makes list of super Ministers to watch out for |url=https://guardian.ng/news/doris-wike-umahi-bosun-and-pate-makes-list-of-super-ministers-to-watch-out-for/ |website=www.guardian.ng |date=20 August 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |archive-date=21 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921205242/https://guardian.ng/news/doris-wike-umahi-bosun-and-pate-makes-list-of-super-ministers-to-watch-out-for/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=We are ready to open Nigeria for more business investments – Uzoka-Anite |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/08/we-are-ready-to-open-nigeria-for-more-business-investments-uzoka-anite/ |access-date=August 21, 2023 |website=www.vanguardngr.com}}</ref> ==Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== *[http://nid.fmiti.gov.ng/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130213654/http://nid.fmiti.gov.ng/ |date=2023-11-30 }} [[Category:Ma'aikatun Gwamantin Najeriya]] ef6rvlc4ckkfqul9zvzu5a6fpu3aqwu 0 64288 888358 828521 2026-07-28T06:15:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marian Asantewah Nkansah''' FGA kwararriya ce a fannin muhalli ta ƙasar Ghana. Ayyukanta na bincike suna mayar da hankali ne kan nemo hanyoyin magance matsalolin muhalli da ke da alaƙa da matakan da ƙaddarar abubuwa masu guba kamar su karafa, gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin halitta (POPs) da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) a cikin abinci, ruwa, ƙasa, duwatsu, sediments da sauran su samfuran muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=White clay poses cancer risk - Researchers |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/lifestyle/2019/March-12th/white-clay-poses-cancer-risk-researchers.php |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=Myjoyonline |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073115/http://www.myjoyonline.com/lifestyle/2019/March-12th/white-clay-poses-cancer-risk-researchers.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=White clay poses cancer risk - Researchers {{!}} Health News 2019-03-12 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/White-clay-poses-cancer-risk-Researchers-729743 |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=GhanaWeb. |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073111/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/White-clay-poses-cancer-risk-Researchers-729743 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma yi bincike a kan mu’amalar gurbacewar muhalli da juna a cikin muhalli. A cikin shekarar 2016, tare da wasu masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah, ta jagoranci wani bincike wanda ya kai ga tabbatar da cewa farar yumbu mai narkewa yana haifar da haɗarin cutar kansa. A cikin shekarar 2016, ta zama masaniyar kimiyya ta farko da ta lashe kyautar Fayzah M. Al-Kharafi, lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara wacce ke ba da fifikon mata masana kimiyya daga ƙasashe masu tasowa a fannin kimiyya da fasaha.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=16 November 2016 |title=Ghanaian researcher wins first Al-Kharafi Prize {{!}} General News 2016-11-16 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghanaian-researcher-wins-first-Al-Kharafi-Prize-487314 |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> Ita da Collins Obuah, wani masanin kimiyya daga Jami'ar Ghana, su ne masana kimiyya biyu da aka zaɓa don halartar taron Lindau Nobel Laureate a shekara ta 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-20 |title=Two Ghanaian scientists selected for prestigious Nobel Laureates meeting |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/innovation/making-ghana-proud-two-ghanaian-scientists-selected-for-prestigious-nobel-laureates/rzbq764 |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073105/https://www.pulse.com.gh/innovation/making-ghana-proud-two-ghanaian-scientists-selected-for-prestigious-nobel-laureates/rzbq764 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2021, ta kasance cikin mata biyar da suka karɓa a ƙasashe masu tasowa na Kyautar Gidauniyar OWSD-Elsevier. Ta sami lambar yabo ta 2022 na Matsayin Matsayi na Afirka Gabaɗaya lambar yabo ta mace, kuma an ƙaddamar da ita a matsayin Fellow of the Academy of Arts and Sciences Ghana a wannan shekarar. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nkansah a Ghana 'ya ce ga Maryamu da Joseph Nkansah, dukansu masana ilimi ne. Ta yi karatun firamare da sakandare a St. Anthony's Experimental School, [[Nkawkaw]] da St. Roses Senior High School a [[Akwatia]], bi da bi kuma duk a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|Gabashin]] Ghana. Daga nan ta ci gaba a Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah inda ta samu digirin farko a fannin ilmin sinadarai da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin Chemistry. Ta yi digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin Chemistry daga Jami'ar Bergen da ke [[Norway]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://twas.org/directory/nkansah-marian-asantewah|title=Nkansah, Marian Asantewah|website=TWAS|language=en|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://nef.org/fellow/dr-marian-asantewah-nkansah/|title=NEF Fellow - Marian Asantewah Nkansah|website=Next Einstein Forum|access-date=2019-10-15|archive-date=2019-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020235956/https://nef.org/fellow/dr-marian-asantewah-nkansah/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://iupac.org/100/chemist/marian-asantewah-nkansah-nd/|title=Marian Asantewah Nkansah|website=IUPAC 100|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-16}}</ref> == Sana'a == Mataimakiyar Farfesa ce a sashen Chemistry na Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah inda take koyar da Chemistry Practical, Nuclear/Radiochemistry, Chemistry and Society, and Petroleum Chemistry. Ita ce tsohuwar maigadi a zauren zama na Afirka kuma mataimakiyar daraktan kula da harkokin ɗalibai mai kula da walwala a KNUST. Ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Shekarar Kimiyya ta Duniya don Ci gaba mai dorewa. Nkansah tsohuwar mamba ce na zartarwa kuma tsohuwar ɗaliba na Global Young Academy. Ita ma mamba ce a hukumar kula da nazarin yanayin ƙasa ta Ghana kuma takwararta ta Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Ghana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Marian Asantewah Nkansah |url=http://www.sheathe.org/marian-asantewah-nkansah.html |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=sheathe}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://globalyoungacademy.net/marian-asantewah-nkansah/|title=Marian Asantewah Nkansah's Profile {{!}}|website=Global Young Academy|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == An karrama Nkansah kuma an ba ta lambar yabo na ayyukan ta da suka haɗa da:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nkansah Marian Asantewah {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/affiliate/nkansah-marian-asantewah |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=aasciences africa |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073105/https://www.aasciences.africa/affiliate/nkansah-marian-asantewah |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> * Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya na Ghana * Ƙungiyar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka * An fito da shi a cikin littafi na farko kan Matan Afirka a Kimiyya * Einstein Forum Fellow * 2016-Wacce ta lashe kyautar Fayzah M. Al-Kharafi * 2017-An zaɓeta don halartar taron Lindau Nobel Laureate * 2017-Zaɓi zuwa Kwalejin Matasa ta Duniya == Manazarta == [[Category:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 1b2cxlzh8voimikytz9jlomousmup1c 0 64954 888346 345710 2026-07-28T01:34:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malika Zeghal''' (an haife ta a shekara ta Alif (1965)<ref>"[http://www.ehess.fr/centres/ceifr/pages/zeghal.html Malika ZEGHAL] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061128231328/http://www.ehess.fr/centres/ceifr/pages/zeghal.html |date=2006-11-28 }}." Centre d'Études Interdisciplinaires des Faits Religieux.</ref> farfesa ce a Tunusiya a fannin Tunani da Rayuwar Musulunci ta Zamani a Jami'ar Harvard, kuma a da ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin ɗan adam da ilimin zamantakewa na addini a Jami'ar Chicago Divinity School.<ref>"[http://www.ehess.fr/centres/ceifr/pages/zeghal.html Malika ZEGHAL] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061128231328/http://www.ehess.fr/centres/ceifr/pages/zeghal.html |date=2006-11-28 }}." Centre d'Études Interdisciplinaires des Faits Religieux.</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Ta kasance ɗaliba ta École Normale Supérieure kuma ta sami digiri na uku daga Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris a shekara ta Alif (1994). Ta fara binciken karatun digirinta a shekarar (1995) a ''Cibiyar Nazarin Gabas ta Hagop Kevorkian'' a Jami'ar New York kafin ta koma Faransa don shiga har tsawon shekaru goma, ''Cibiyar National de la recherche scientifique'' daga shekarun (1995) zuwa 2005.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.leaders.com.tn/article/2701-la-tunisienne-malika-zeghal-nommee-professeur-a-harvard|title=La Tunisienne Malika Zeghal nommée Professeur à Harvard|work=leaders|access-date=2019-05-26|language=fr}}</ref> Ita memba ce a Majalisar Kimiyya ta Cibiyar Kimiyya, Harrufa, da Fasaha ta Tunisiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nelc.fas.harvard.edu/people/malika-zeghal|title=Malika Zeghal|website=The Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Department|language=en|access-date=2019-05-26|archive-date=2019-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526220833/https://nelc.fas.harvard.edu/people/malika-zeghal|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aikinta, ''Gardiens de l'Islam'', da aka rubuta da Faransanci bincike ne na tasirin [[Ulama'u|malaman]] [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]]. A. Marsot ta kafa hujja da tazarar ta na cewa: “Malaman Azhar sun yi imani da cewa aikinsu ne, da’awa, a matsayinsu na masu kula da addini su ga cewa dokokin ƙasa sun yi daidai da shari’a; don haka ake bayyana gwagwarmayarsu da hukuma. ta hanyar yin yunƙurin ajiye dokokin ƙasa a gefe domin shari’a”. <ref>A. Marsot. Book Review: ''Gardiens de L'Islam''. by Malika Zeghal. ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'', Vol. 31, No. 2. (May 1999), pp. 283-284.</ref> Littafin ya yi bayani ne kan yadda mu’amalar jihohi da malaman Azhari suka taimaka wajen bullowar sauran kungiyoyin Musulunci, wato ‘[[Ƴan'uwa Musulmai|yan uwa Musulmi]], a wajen cibiyoyin gargajiya. == Darussan Da Aka Koyar == A shekarar 2013, ta koyar da wani kwas a Makarantar Divinity ta Jami'ar Harvard mai suna "HDS 3361: Political Islam in the 20th and 21st Centuries". <ref>Harvard Divinity School: Course Detail. HDS 3361 Political Islam in the 20th and 21st Centuries </ref> == Littattafai == * ''Gardien de l'Islam.'' ''Les oulémas d'al-Azhar dans l'Egypte zamani'' Presses de Sciences Po, 1996. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/2-7246-0679-5|2-7246-0679-5]] * ''Les islamites marocains: le défi à la monarchie'' [[La Découverte]], 2005. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/2-7071-4480-0|2-7071-4480-0]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1965]] dts7rosam2li71y6myu4cp98ob0ai88 0 71306 888114 687452 2026-07-27T15:30:39Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Fassara}} {{Short description|Languages of the country and its peoples}}[[Kenya]] is a [[Multilingualism|multilingual]] country. Manyan Harsunan Kenya kuda biyu, Swahili and English sune akafi amfani dasu lingua francas; duk da haka, gami da masu magana da yare na biyu, Swahili an fi jin Turanci fiye da Ingilishi.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ethnologue.com/country/ke/languages/| title = Kenya - Languages {{!}} Ethnologue}} </ref> Swahili shine harsunan Bantu language na asalin gabacin Afrika da turacin da aka gada daga turawa British colonial rule. ==Bayani== [[File:Muigwithania.jpg|thumb|right|Page from the [[Kikuyu people|Kikuyu]] publication ''Muigwithania'' (1929).]] According to ''Ethnologue'', there are a total of 68 languages spoken in Kenya. This variety is a reflection of the country's diverse population that includes most major ethnoracial and linguistic groups found in [[Africa]] (see Languages of Africa). Languages spoken locally belong to three broad language families: Niger-Congo (Bantu branch) and Nilo-Saharan (Nilotic branch), spoken by the country's [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]], Nilotic populations and the Cushitic, Afroasiatic language family respectively. The [[Arab]] ethnic minority speak languages belonging to the separate Afroasiatic family, with the [[Hindustani people|Hindustani]] and [[British people|British]] residents speaking languages from the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] family.<ref name="Ethnken">[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE Ethnologue - Languages of Kenya]</ref> Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their [[mother tongue]]s within their own communities. The two official languages, English and [[Swahili language|Swahili]], are used in varying degrees of fluency for communication with other populations. Today, '''English''' is the official language in Kenya, while '''Swahili''' enjoys the status of the national language. [[British English]] is primarily used in Kenya. Additionally, a distinct local dialect, Kenyan English, is used by some communities and individuals in the country, and contains features unique to it that were derived from local [[Bantu languages]] such as [[Kiswahili]] and [[Gikuyu language|Kikuyu]].<ref name="Cliike">{{cite web|last1=Nyaggah|first1=Lynette Behm|title=Cross-linguistic influence in Kenyan English: The impact of Swahili and Kikuyu on syntax|publisher=University of California|url=http://phdtree.org/pdf/24677752-cross-linguistic-influence-in-kenyan-english-the-impact-of-swahili-and-kikuyu-on-syntax/|access-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226102504/http://phdtree.org/pdf/24677752-cross-linguistic-influence-in-kenyan-english-the-impact-of-swahili-and-kikuyu-on-syntax/|archive-date=26 December 2016}}</ref> It has been developing since colonisation and also contains certain elements of [[American English]]. English is widely spoken in commerce, schooling and government.<ref name="Cugrwed">{{cite book|last=Proquest Info & Learning (COR)|title=Culturegrams: World Edition|year=2009|isbn=978-0977809165|pages=98}}</ref> Peri-urban and rural dwellers are less multilingual, with many in rural areas speaking only their native languages.<ref name="Broassim">{{cite book|last=E. K. Brown, R. E. Asher|first=J. M. Y. Simpson|title=Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, Volume 1, Edition 2|year=2006|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=0080442994|pages=181}}</ref> ==Harsuna da Dangoginsu== ===Manyan Harsuna=== [[File:Swahili-pn.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Lord's Prayer]] in [[Swahili language|Swahili]], a [[Bantu languages|Bantu language]] that alongside [[English language|English]] serves as a lingua franca for many in Kenya.]] The 2019 census reports the largest communities of native speakers in Kenya as follows: *[[Bantu languages|Bantu]] **[[Kikuyu language|Kikuyu]] 8.1 million **[[Kamba language|Kamba]] 4.7 million **[[Luhya language|Luhya]] 10 million ***(incl. [[Bukusu language|Bukusu]] 1.2 million) **[[Gusii language|Gusii]] 2.7 million **[[Meru language|Meru]] 2.0 million **[[Mijikenda language|Mijikenda/Giriama]] ca. 1 million<!--not 1.0 million. Ethn. doesn't understand basic arithmetic--> *[[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]] **[[Dholuo]] 5.0 million **[[Kalenjin languages]] 4.6 million ***([[Kipsigis language|Kipsigis]] 1.9 million, [[Naandi language|Nandi]] 940,000) **[[Maasai language|Maasai]] 1.2 (1.9 million including Tanzania) **[[Turkana language|Turkana]] 1.0 million *[[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] ** [[Oromo language|Oromo]] (over 48 million incl. Ethiopia) *** [[Southern Oromo language|Borana]], 3.4 million speakers in 2010 *** [[Orma language|Orma]], 659,000 speakers in 2015 **[[Somali language|Somali]] 2.8 million (22 million incl. Ethiopia and Somalia) ===kananan Harsuna=== Languages spoken by the country's ethnic minorities include: *[[Afroasiatic languages]] **[[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages of Kenya |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref><ref>“Orma”, ''[[Ethnologue]]'' (18th ed., 2015)</ref> ***[[Rendille language|Rendille]], 60,000 speakers in 2015<ref>“Rendille”, ''[[Ethnologue]]'' (18th ed., 2015)</ref> **[[Semitic languages|Semitic]] ***[[Arabic language|Arabic]] *[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] **[[Hindi]] **[[English language|English]] *[[Bantu languages|Bantu]] **[[Swahili language|Swahili]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.muturzikin.com/cartesafrique/17.htm Linguistic map of Kenya at Muturzikin.com] *[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE ''Ethnologue'' page for Kenya] *[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5371609 National Public Radio story about Kisii language] from ''All Things Considered'' program, April 29, 2006 *[http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Kenya PanAfriL10n page on Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512055431/http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Kenya |date=2013-05-12 }} {{Languages of Kenya}} {{Kenya topics}} {{Africa in topic|Languages of}} {{English official language clickable map}} [[Category:Languages of Kenya| ]] [[Category:Multilingualism|Kenya]] eohy3if9j62z95wo2vbcs6r6us3oujl 0 74321 888375 618523 2026-07-28T08:01:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marisa Bosman''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Mayun shekarar1980), wacce aka fi sani da '''Marisa Drummond''', ' [[Ɗan wasa|yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce kuma [[darakta]] ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a cikin shahararrun shirye shiryen serials ''Elke Skewe Pot'', ''Stom'' da ''[[Isidingo]]'' . <ref name="tvsa">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=Marisa Drummond career |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17506 |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=tvsa}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haife ta a ranar 3 ga Mayu 1980 a [[Bloemfontein]], Afirka ta Kudu.<ref name="tvsa"/> Ta kammala karatun digiri na BA Drama da Theatre Arts daga Jami'ar Jihar Kyauta .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=‘You’re stronger than this. Fix this thing.’ |url=https://www.mediclinicinfohub.co.za/youre-stronger-fix-thing/ |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=mediclinicinfohub |archive-date=2025-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210114743/https://www.mediclinicinfohub.co.za/youre-stronger-fix-thing/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> After the birth of her child Annabel, she suffered with [[postnatal depression]] (PND).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=Marisa Drummond on postnatal depression |url=https://www.mediclinicinfohub.co.za/marisa-drummond-postnatal-depression/ |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=mediclinicinfohub |archive-date=2024-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308091411/https://www.mediclinicinfohub.co.za/marisa-drummond-postnatal-depression/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga nan sai ta koma Johannesburg dondonyt ci gaba da aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo. Ta auri Christopher Drummond. Bayan haihuwar ɗanta Annabel, ta yi fama da baƙin ciki bayan haihugywa (PND). A cikin watanni uku na ƙarshe, ta sami pre-eclampsia . Sa'an nan kuma ta shiga naƙuda makonni uku da wuri kuma dole ne a yi masa tiyata na gaggawa.t<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=Lost & found |url=https://www.mediclinicinfohub.co.za/lost-found/ |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=mediclinicinfohub}}</ref> == Sana'a == Babban rawar da ta taka na farko a allon talabijin ta zo ta hanyar kykNET sitcom Hester & Ester Bester . A cikin serial, ta taka rawar 'Ester', malamin rawa a makarantar rawa ta Marthur Curry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=MARISA DRUMMOND: FILM/THEATRE/TV/VOICE |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5429657be4b0a449ee2cb996/t/5e4cfd801d246337d000c44b/1582103938241/Marisa+Drummond+CV.pdf |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=Stella Talent}}</ref> Jerin ya zama sananne sosai kuma a ƙarshe ya gudana don sassa 52 a cikin 2010. Sannan ta fito a cikin jerin talabijin da yawa kamar kykNET soapie Villa Rosa da jerin wasan kwaikwayo na SABC2 Geraamtes . An yi ta baƙo a cikin wani shiri na jerin tafiye-tafiye na SABC2 Mooiloop! gidan 2013. Sannan ta fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar Begeertes, Dof en Dilly Poppie da Sterlopers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=MARISA DRUMMOND: FILM/THEATRE/TV/VOICE |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5429657be4b0a449ee2cb996/t/5e4cfd801d246337d000c44b/1582103938241/Marisa+Drummond+CV.pdf |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=Stella Talent}}</ref> Baya ga talabijin, ta yi wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayo da yawa irin su ''Sautin Kiɗa'', ''My Fair Lady'', ''Fiddler on Roof'' da ''Ons vir Jou'' . Ta kuma bayyana a cikin samar da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway ''Thoroughly Modern Millie'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=MARISA DRUMMOND: FILM/THEATRE/TV/VOICE |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5429657be4b0a449ee2cb996/t/5e4cfd801d246337d000c44b/1582103938241/Marisa+Drummond+CV.pdf |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=Stella Talent}}</ref> A cikin 2016, ta fara fitowa ta farko tare da gajeren ''Spoor(loos)'' . A wannan shekarar, ta yi tauraro a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin mai ban sha'awa ''Fluiters'' . Sannan ta fito a cikin shahararren sabulun sabulun ''[[Isidingo]]'' inda ta taka rawar 'Kimberly Lewis-Haines'. Ta kuma taka rawar 'Alexa' a cikin kykNET soap opera ''Binnelanders'', a cikin 2013. Don rawar da ta samu daga baya ta lashe lambar yabo ta Royalty Soapie Award don Fitattun Matan Villain, a cikin 2014. A cikin 2018, ta zama darektan serial ''Getroud ya sadu da rugby'' . == Fina-finai == === A matsayin yar wasan kwaikwayo === === A matsayin darakta === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Fim ! Salon ! Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Spoor'' | Short film | |- | 2019 | ''Bottervisse a cikin yanayin zafi'' | Fim ɗin TV | |- | 2019 | ''Playboyz'' | Fim ɗin TV | |- | 2019 | ''Soek jy'n lift'' | Fim ɗin TV | |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9eq476u82jqax3ifisn3ke26t9utg48 0 79911 888338 449083 2026-07-27T23:34:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Simms Senior High School (SIMMSCO)''' wata makarantar sakandare ce da ke Fawoade a [[Yankin Ashanti]] da aka kafa a 1977 a matsayin makarantar masu zaman kansu ta Mista Simms Kofi Mensah don samar da ilimi ga mutanen Kwabre a yankin Ashamti . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Simms Senior High/Com. |url=https://ghanahighschools.com/ghs_schools/simms-senior-high-com/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=GhanaHighSchools.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa makarantar sakandare ta Simms ne sakamakon taron gaggawa da Kwamitin Ci Gaban Birnin Fawoade Yasore ya kira a ranar Lahadi, 12 ga Disamba, 1976, don tattauna batutuwan game da ilimin matasa waɗanda, duk da wucewar jarrabawar shiga ta yau da kullun, ba a shigar da su cikin kwalejojin ƙasar ba saboda rashin wuraren da ke samuwa. Taron ya yanke shawarar gina kwaleji, kamar yadda wasu mutane suka ba da shawarar, daya daga cikinsu shine Mista Simms Kofi Mensah. A watan Janairun 1977, Mista Simms K. Mensah ya sanar da Kwamitin Ci gaban Birnin cewa ya sami izini daga Sashen Sufeto na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Ghana don kafa cibiyar koyarwa tare da lambar rajista P.A/2/77 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Simms Senior High-Com. - Myshsrank |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/simms-senior-high-com |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=myshsrank.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Simms Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/Simms.htm |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com |archive-date=2024-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309125645/https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/Simms.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Don haka, a ranar Jumma'a, 30 ga Satumba, 1977, an kafa Kwalejin Sakandare / Kasuwanci ta Simms kuma an kaddamar da ita a ƙarƙashin kulawar wasu sanannun mutane, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Simms Senior High-Com. - Myshsrank |url=https://myshsrank.com/schools/simms-senior-high-com |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=myshsrank.com}}</ref> daga cikinsu Mista B. Allotey Babinton, Babban Darakta na Gundumar Kwabre Sekyere a lokacin. Oyoko Bremanhene, Nana Kofi Amoako, da Mista Simms K. Mensah, shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa, Mista George Jerry Hanson, tsohon mataimakin darektan G.E.S. kuma tsohon Shugaban Taron Daraktocin Ilimi (CODE) sun haɗu da su.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/eneuro.0054-20.2020.ed |doi=10.1523/eneuro.0054-20.2020.ed |access-date=2024-03-09}}</ref><ref>https://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/networks/lfl/projects/ghana/LFL_Ghana_Newsletter_Vol1_Issue2.pdf</ref> A shekara ta 1982, makarantar ta zama Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati kuma an haɗa ta cikin tsarin ilimin jama'a. == Shirye-shiryen da aka bayar == * Aikin noma * Tattalin Arziki na Gida * Kimiyya ta Gaba ɗaya * Ayyukan gani * Ayyuka na gaba ɗaya * Kasuwanci == Gidaje == * Gidan gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya * Laburaren karatu * Ginin dakuna * Gidan aji == Aikin == Manufar makarantar coeducational ita ce ta ba wa ɗalibai ilimin sakandare da kasuwanci. Wannan zai sauƙaƙa samun bayanai da ƙwarewar da aka yi niyyar inganta ci gaban zamantakewar al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Simms Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/Simms.htm |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com |archive-date=2024-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309125645/https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/Simms.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ra'ayi na gani == Don zama makarantar misali wacce ke shirya dalibai don karatun sakandare kuma tana sauƙaƙa ikon su na samun aiki bayan kammala karatun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Simms Senior High |url=https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/Simms.htm |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=myriaddigitalsolutions.com |archive-date=2024-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309125645/https://myriaddigitalsolutions.com/seniorhighub/school/ashanti/Simms.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nasarar da aka samu == # [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz|Ghana National Science and Math Quiz]] (2023) Ashanti Regional Qualifiers <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-03 |title=NSMQ23: SIMMS SHS boot out OWASS to qualify for A/R grand finale - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nsmq23-simms-shs-boot-out-owass-to-qualify-for-a-r-grand-finale/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == aqpczbii43pn5pfg87xiamylj1jk3n8 0 80912 888255 862008 2026-07-27T19:38:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|image=AMCOW Office Headquarter.jpg}} '''Majalisar Ministocin Afirka kan [[ruwa]] (AMCOW) ''' (: Conseil des Ministres Africains Chargés de L'eau), [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] ta dauka a matsayin hanyar tallafawa ga Kwamitin Fasaha na Musamman (STC) don fitar da nasarori a bangarorin ruwa da tsabta. Cibiyar ci gaban yanki ce ta kasashe 55 na Afirka waɗanda ke inganta Ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma kawar da [[talauci]] ta hanyar ingantaccen hadin kai, gudanar da ayyukan samar da Ruwa, da kuma samar da albarkatun ruwa na nahiyar ga membobinta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=AFRICAN UNION |date=2019 |title=Third Ordinary Session of the Specialized Technical Committee (STC) on Agriculture, Rural Development, Water and Environment 21-25 October 2019, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |url=http://www.acmad.net/new/NEWSITEACMAD/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/infoReport-of-the-Ministers-of-the-2019-STC-on-ARDWE-Final-Nov-20-2010.pdf |journal=African Union |pages=40 |via=au.int |access-date=7 July 2024 |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006130524/https://www.acmad.net/new/NEWSITEACMAD/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/infoReport-of-the-Ministers-of-the-2019-STC-on-ARDWE-Final-Nov-20-2010.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AMCOW - African Ministers' Council on Water |url=https://www.infontd.org/organization/amcow-african-ministers-council-water |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027054705/https://www.infontd.org/organization/amcow-african-ministers-council-water |archive-date=2020-10-27 |access-date=October 9, 2021 |website=infontd}}</ref> == Tarihi == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, Ministocin Afirka da ke da alhakin taron ruwa a [[Abuja]], [[Najeriya]], sun kafa Taron Ministocin Afrika kan Ruwa (AMCOW) biyo bayan amincewa da "Abuja Ministocin Sanarwar Ruwa - mabuɗin Ci Gaban Ci gaba". An kafa kungiyar ne don hanzarta cimma burin ruwa da tsabta a [[Afirka]]. A shekara ta 2008, a taron 11 na Tarayyar Afirka (AU) a Sharm el-Sheikh Masar, Shugabannin Kasashe da Gwamnatocin Afirka, sun ba da umarnin AMCOW da ta kafa da kuma saka idanu kan dabarun aiwatar da alkawuransu kan hanzarta tsabtace jiki da tsabtace jiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=AFRICAN |first=UNION |date=2008 |title=ASSEMBLY OF THE AFRICAN UNION Eleventh Ordinary Session 30 June to 1 July 2008 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt: Decisions, Declaration, Tribute and Resolution. |url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/decisions/9558-assembly_en_30_june_1_july_2008_auc_eleventh_ordinary_session_decisions_declarations_tribute_resolution.pdf |journal=African Union |pages=40 |via=African Union Int |access-date=7 July 2024 |archive-date=7 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707120645/https://au.int/sites/default/files/decisions/9558-assembly_en_30_june_1_july_2008_auc_eleventh_ordinary_session_decisions_declarations_tribute_resolution.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coombes |first=Yolande |last2=Hickling |first2=Sophie |last3=Radin |first3=Mark |date=2015 |title=Investment in Sanitation to Support Economic Growth in Africa: Recommendations to the African Ministers' Council on Water (AMCOW) and Ministers of Finance. |url=https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp/files/publications/WSP-Investment-in-Sanitation-to-Support-Growth-Africa.pdf |journal=Water and Sanitation Program:Report |pages=32 |via=Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) |access-date=2024-07-07 |archive-date=2022-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707040958/https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp/files/publications/WSP-Investment-in-Sanitation-to-Support-Growth-Africa.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yolande Coombes, Sophie Hickling and Mark Radin - PDF Free Download |url=https://docplayer.net/8667420-Yolande-coombes-sophie-hickling-and-mark-radin.html |access-date=2021-12-28 |website=docplayer.net |archive-date=2021-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228092927/https://docplayer.net/8667420-Yolande-coombes-sophie-hickling-and-mark-radin.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsarin mulki == Tsarin ma'aikata na AMCOW ya ƙunshi Majalisar Ministoci (Ministocin da ke da alhakin ruwa a kowace Kasar memba), kwamitin zartarwa (EXCO) tare da Shugaban / Shugaban, da Kwamitin Daraktoci (a halin yanzu [[Namibiya|Namibia]]). Kowace daga cikin yankuna biyar suna da wakilci a kwamitin zartarwa ta wakilai uku / Ministocin ruwa (kasashen membobin AMCOW sun kasu kashi biyar: [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]], [[Gabashin Afirka]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], [[Arewacin Afirka]], da [[Kudancin Afirka]]) don daidaita ayyukan yankuna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Ministers' Council on Water {{!}} UIA Yearbook Profile {{!}} Union of International Associations |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100041436 |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=uia.org}}</ref> mataimakin shugaban kasa yana kula da kowane yanki. Sakatariyar AMCOW tana zaune ne a Abuja, Najeriya, kuma Babban Sakataren wucin gadi da ƙungiyar ƙwararru da ma'aikatan tallafi ne ke jagoranta. Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Fasaha (TAC) yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Zartarwa. Kwamitin zartarwa yana da alhakin tabbatar da cewa ana aiwatar da yanke shawara na majalisa, da kuma haɓaka shirye-shiryen aiki / kasafin kuɗi don amincewa da majalisa, tattara kudade da ake buƙata, da kuma kula da ayyukan Sakatariyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Special Technical Committee of the African Union |date=2018 |title=Decisions of the 11th ordinary session of the governing council of AMCOW 29 – 30 October 2018, Libreville, GABON and 13 February 2019, Kigali, RWANDA. |url=https://aquaknow.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/Final_11th_AMCOW_GC_Kigali_0.pdf |journal=AMCOW |pages=8}}</ref> Ayyukan farko na AMCOW shine don sauƙaƙe hadin gwiwar yanki da na duniya ta hanyar daidaita manufofi da ayyuka tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka kan batutuwan albarkatun ruwa, don sake dubawa da tattara ƙarin kuɗi ga ɓangaren ruwa na Afirka, samar da hanyar saka idanu kan ci gaban manyan albarkatun ruwan yanki da na Duniya, samar da ruwa, da shirye-shiryen tsabtace muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-22 |title=AMCOW launches the African Sanitation Policy Guidelines |url=https://guardian.ng/ama-press-releases/amcow-launches-the-african-sanitation-policy-guidelines/ |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> AMCOW kuma tana aiki a matsayin dandalin tattaunawa kan Batutuwan ruwa tare da Hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran abokan tarayya. Yana ƙarfafa shiga cikin nazarin yanki game da [[Canjin yanayi]], ci gaban cibiyoyin lura, musayar bayanai, da ci gaban manufofi da dabarun magance matsalolin ruwa a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IISD Reporting Services - African Regional Coverage - AFRICAN MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE ON WATER |url=https://enb.iisd.org/africa/water/amcow/amcow.html |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=enb.iisd.org |archive-date=2021-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009171154/https://enb.iisd.org/africa/water/amcow/amcow.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manufa da hangen nesa == '''Manufar:''' Don samar da jagorancin siyasa, jagorar manufofi da shawarwari a cikin samarwa, amfani da gudanar da albarkatun ruwa don ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa da kuma kula da yanayin halittu na Afirka. hangen nesa: Don cimma burin ruwa na Afirka na 2025 ta hanyar gudanar da albarkatun ruwa na Afirka da kuma samar da ayyukan samar da ruwa. Don inganta hadin kai, tsaro, ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da kuma kawar da talauci tsakanin kasashe membobin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMCOW - African Ministers' Council on Water {{!}} InfoNTD |url=https://www.infontd.org/organization/amcow-african-ministers-council-water |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=www.infontd.org |language=en}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen == * Shirin Ruwa na Ruwa na Afirka * Shirin Ruwa na Ƙasa na AMCOW (APAGroP) <ref>{{Cite web |last=sandaruwan |date=2020-03-19 |title=African Ministers' Council on Water reaches out to co-develop and consolidate its Pan-African groundwater program - GRIPP |url=https://gripp.iwmi.org/2020/03/19/african-ministers-council-on-water-reaches-out-to-co-develop-and-consolidate-its-pan-african-groundwater-program/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP) |language=en-US}}</ref> * Tsarin Kula da Ruwa da Tsabtace Ruwa na Afirka (WASSMO) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Improving water and sanitation monitoring in Africa: AMCOW trains WASSMO focal points in Central Africa |url=https://www.gwp.org/en/GWP-Central-Africa/WE-ACT/news/improving-water-and-sanitation-monitoring-in-africa/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Global Water Partnership}}</ref> * Ƙalubalen Gudanar da Ilimi na Afirka da Tsabtace-tsabtace <ref>{{Cite web |last=afrique-news |title=African Ministers Council on Water launches Africa's Water and Sanitation Knowledge Management Challenge on the sidelines of the Stockholm World Water Week 2022 {{!}} Afrique News |url=https://afrique-news.info/african-ministers-council-on-water-launches-africas-water-and-sanitation-knowledge-management-challenge-on-the-sidelines-of-the-stockholm-world-water-week-2022/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=afrique-news.info |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2022-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124134445/https://afrique-news.info/african-ministers-council-on-water-launches-africas-water-and-sanitation-knowledge-management-challenge-on-the-sidelines-of-the-stockholm-world-water-week-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Jagororin Manufofin Kiwon Lafiya na Afirka (ASPG) <ref>{{Cite web |last=MBAYE |first=Bara |date=2022-03-21 |title=Achieving Universal Coverage through Africa Sanitation Policy Guidelines ⋆ Speak Up Africa |url=https://www.speakupafrica.org/achieving-universal-coverage-through-africa-sanitation-policy-guidelines/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Speak Up Africa |language=fr}}</ref> * Shirin hada matasa da jinsi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-21 |title=Development of AMCOW Youth, Gender and Social Inclusion Strategy |url=https://www.joshswaterjobs.com/jobs/28231/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Josh's Water Jobs |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124140909/https://www.joshswaterjobs.com/jobs/28231/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Ilimi ta Intanet * Cibiyar Kula da Ayyuka ta Mukhtari Shehu Shagari <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Tribune |date=2020-11-23 |title=Shagari tasks African countries on information sharing as AMCOW names resource centre after him |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/shagari-tasks-african-countries-on-information-sharing-as-amcow-names-resource-centre-after-him/ |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * Ranar Fuskar Afirka <ref>{{Cite web |title=AFRICA Focus - High Level Ministerial Panel: Waste to benefits |url=https://www.worldwaterweek.org/event/7000-africa-focus---high-level-ministerial-panel-waste-to-benefits |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=World Water Week}}</ref> * Makon Ruwa da Tsabtace Ruwa na Afirka <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Water and Sanitation Week 2021 |url=https://africa.harvard.edu/event/africa-water-and-sanitation-week-2021 |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=africa.harvard.edu |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124143426/https://africa.harvard.edu/event/africa-water-and-sanitation-week-2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gidan Ruwa na Afirka (AWF) <ref>{{Cite web |title=The African Water Facility (AWF) |url=https://www.unccd.int/cbm/african-water-facility-awf |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=UNCCD |language=en}}</ref> * AfricaSan <ref>{{Cite web |title=AfricaSan 5 / FSM5 |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2019/01/25/africasan-5-fsm5 |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Manyan nasarorin AMCOW sun hada da: * Ya haɓaka shirin dabarun ruwa na shekaru 10 don aiwatarwa tsakanin 2018 da 2030. * Ya kafa tsarin ma'aikatar da ke tallafawa cibiyar sadarwa ta manyan jami'an ruwa don la'akari da kalubalen Manufofin ruwa a Afirka. * Ya ba da tallafi ga Haɗin kai na yanki. * An karɓi shirin aiki na shekaru uku wanda ke ba da jagorar dabarun ga hadin gwiwar ƙasa, yanki, da na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Partnership: AMCOW engage in the preparatory phase and the organization of the Dakar Forum {{!}} 9th World Water Forum |url=https://www.worldwaterforum.org/en/latest-news/partnership-amcow-engage-in-the-preparatory-phase-and-the-organization-of-the-dakar |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=www.worldwaterforum.org |archive-date=2021-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009182819/https://www.worldwaterforum.org/en/latest-news/partnership-amcow-engage-in-the-preparatory-phase-and-the-organization-of-the-dakar |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ya ba da tallafin ƙungiyoyi, siyasa, da kuma ma'aikata don aiwatar da manyan shirye-shiryen ruwa. * An tattara mahimman fayilolin ruwa don yankuna biyar na Afirka, kafa Cibiyar Ruwa ta Afirka (AWF) wanda Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka ke shirya da sarrafawa, da kuma kafa Asusun Amincewa a karkashin Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP). * Rahotanni masu tasowa game da Kula da Kwamitin Afirka San Ngor na Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnati don hanzarta tsabtace muhalli da ci gaban tsabta a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laying the Foundation for Sanitation Revolution in Africa: WALIS Technical Brief |url=https://www.globalwaters.org/resources/assets/walis/laying-foundation-sanitation-revolution-africa-walis-technical-brief |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Laying the Foundation for Sanitation Revolution in Africa: WALIS Technical Brief {{!}} Globalwaters.org |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Ya haɓaka Shirin Ruwa na Ruwa na Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-08 |title=AMCOW launches its Pan-African Groundwater Program |url=https://gripp.iwmi.org/2019/10/08/amcow-launches-its-pan-african-groundwater-program/ |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP) |language=en-US}}</ref> * A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2020 an kaddamar da cibiyar ilimin yanar gizo don tattara da raba bayanan ruwa da tsabtace Afirka da ilimi. * A cikin 2021 an haɓaka Jagoran Manufofin Kiwon Lafiya na Afirka tare da goyon bayan Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates (BMGF). * An yi bikin cika shekaru 15 a watan Nuwamba, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simire |first=Michael |date=2017-09-21 |title=AMCOW set to celebrate 15th anniversary |url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/amcow-set-celebrate-15th-anniversary/ |access-date=2021-10-09 |website=EnviroNews Nigeria - |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-25 |title=AMCOW 15th anniversary holds in Abuja |url=https://guardian.ng/property/amcow-15th-anniversary-holds-in-abuja/ |access-date=2021-12-28 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Zai kasance yana tunawa da cika shekaru 20 a lokacin Taron Ruwa na Duniya a [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]], a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dakar 2022 |url=https://www.worldwatercouncil.org/ |access-date=2021-12-28 |website=World Water Council |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Partnership: AMCOW engage in the preparatory phase and the organization of the Dakar Forum {{!}} 9th World Water Forum |url=https://www.worldwaterforum.org/en/latest-news/partnership-amcow-engage-in-the-preparatory-phase-and-the-organization-of-the-dakar |access-date=2021-12-28 |website=www.worldwaterforum.org |archive-date=2021-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009182819/https://www.worldwaterforum.org/en/latest-news/partnership-amcow-engage-in-the-preparatory-phase-and-the-organization-of-the-dakar |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kasashen membobin ==   == Dubi kuma ==   == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 241z97o404dt7wf0xdjnny4segy26g5 0 81900 888327 528604 2026-07-27T22:29:39Z BNUBashirnuhuusman 45689 Nayi gyara 888327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Owu Waterfall.jpg|thumb|Ruwan Owu]] '''Ruwa mai fadowa na Owu''' shine ruwa mai fadowa da ke tsakanin Owa Onire da Owa Kajola (har yanzu akwai jayayya sosai a kan mamallakin wajen) {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2024}} a karamar [[Ifelodun (Kwara)|Ifelodun]] [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]], [[Najeriya]]. Ita ce ruwa mai fadowa mafi tsayi a Yammacin Afurka mai tsawon mita 120 daga matakin teku da nutson kafa 330 kasa, da duwatsu da suka samar da wajen wanka na ruwa mai kankara da sanyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Owu Waterfall Kwara State :: Nigeria Information & Guide |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kwara/Owu-Waterfall.html |access-date=2018-08-16 |website=www.nigeriagalleria.com |language=en-NG}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tourist Attractions – Kwara State Association of Nigeria |url=https://kwasang.org.uk/tourist-attractions/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Wurin da yake == Ruwa mai fadowa na Owu yana cikin kauyen Owa-Onire a Jihar Kwara, Najeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Azeez |first=Biola |date=2024-05-13 |title=Kwara community advises government on Owu Water Falls road construction |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/kwara-community-advises-government-on-owu-water-falls-road-construction/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kodayake yana cikin kudancin [[Ifelodun (Kwara)|Ifelodun]], yana da sauƙin isa daga Karamar Hukumar [[Isin (Nijeriya)|Isin]].<ref name="Owu">{{Cite journal |last=Babafemi |first=G.O. |last2=Chika |first2=A.R. |last3=Olabanji |first3=A. |last4=Sunday |first4=O.O. |last5=Kayode |first5=A.N. |last6=Omolulu |first6=F. |date=June 2021 |title=Ecological Threats of an Ecotourism Destination: The Case of Owu Waterfall, Kwara State, Nigeria |journal=African Journal of Hospitality Tourism and Leisure |volume=10 |pages=839–855 |doi=10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-135 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Owu Waterfalls yana kan tsawo na kimanin 590m sama da matakin teku a matsanancin arewa maso gabashin Kukuruku Hills; wani yanki na tsaunuka masu tsawo wanda ya kai daga [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]] makwabta daga kudu zuwa [[Jihar Kogi]] a gabas. Ruwan Owu yana daya daga cikin manyan magudanan ruwa a Najeriya.<ref name="Owu"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} b47bt1zodxf6qqqpqhm5reytydl4bed 0 90216 888376 564638 2026-07-28T08:26:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mark Bako Useni''', '''RT.''' '''HON''' (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni 1970) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma memba a [[All Progressives Congress|jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]], mai wakiltar [[Takum]]/[[Donga (Nijeriya)|Donga]]/[[Ussa]] a [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwangoro |first=Nnaemeka |date=April 16, 2023 |title=Taraba Ex-Speaker Useni Wins Takum Federal Constituency Poll |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/04/16/taraba-ex-speaker-useni-wins-takum-federal-constituency-poll/ |access-date=June 23, 2023 |website=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ya taɓa zama kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Taraba a majalisa ta bakwai da ta takwas. Useni ya yi aiki a muƙamai daban-daban a ɓangaren Zartarwa da na Majalisa. Ya kasance mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar [[Takum]] II a majalisar dokokin jihar Taraba tun a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=November 24, 2014 |title=Mark Useni Appointed new Taraba Assembly Speaker |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2014/11/24/mark-useni-appointed-new-taraba-assembly-speaker/amp/ |access-date=April 8, 2021 |website=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Timothy |first=Enietan-Mathews |date=November 24, 2014 |title=Mark Useni elected new Taraba Assembly Speaker |url=https://www.dailypost.ng/2014/11/24/mark-useni-elected-new-taraba-assembly-speaker/?amp |access-date=April 8, 2021 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mark |first=Itsibor |date=November 24, 2014 |title=Useni Emerges Taraba Speaker |url=https://www.tell.ng/useni-emerges-taraba-speaker/ |access-date=April 8, 2021 |website=[[Tell Magazine]]}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mark Useni a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, 1970, a Vom, sai jihar [[Plateau (jiha)|Benue-Plateau]] ga Andrew Useni Bako da Pantuvo Useni na Bete a [[Takum|ƙaramar hukumar Takum]] ta [[Jahar Taraba|jihar Taraba]]. Ya fara neman ilimi a makarantar firamare ta Salama, Takum a shekarar 1976 kuma ya kammala a shekarar 1981; Kuma ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandaren Gwamnati ta Mbiya, Takum a shekarar 1981 don yin karatunsa na sakandare, inda ya ƙare a shekarar 1986. Ya yi karatun share fage da [[Yola|ke Yola]] a tsakanin shekarar 1986 zuwa 1988 don samun shaidar kammala karatunsa na “A level” sannan kuma ya samu takardar shaidar kammala difloma a [[Jami'ar Jos|jami’ar Jos]] a shekarar 1990. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 7, 2013 |title=A decade after, Taraba remembers great cleric |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/a-decade-after-taraba-remembers-great-cleric/ |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=thenationonlineng.net}}</ref> Useni ya fara aikin gwamnati ne a shekarar 1993 lokacin da aka ɗauke shi aikin jarida a gidan talabijin na Taraba. Bayan shekaru biyar ya samu admission sannan ya wuce [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] a shekarar 1998 don yin Digiri na farko kuma ya kammala a shekarar 2003, inda ya samu digiri na biyu. (Hons.) a Mass Communication. A shekarar 2004, ya nemi izinin shiga [[Jami'ar jihar Benuwai|Jami’ar Jihar Binuwai]], [[Makurdi|Makurdi,]] inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Kimiyya (M.Sc.) a Mass Communication kuma ya kammala a shekarar 2007. A lokacin da yake zama ɗan majalisar dokokin jihar Taraba, ya nemi takardar shaidar kammala karatun digirin digirgir a shekarar 2009. Ya kammala karatunsa na digirin digirgir (PhD) a Mass Communication a shekarar 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=Taraba State Honorable Members |url=https://www.tarabastate.gov.ng/state-hon-members/ |access-date=April 8, 2021 |archive-date=April 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427132058/https://www.tarabastate.gov.ng/state-hon-members/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Useni an naɗa shi Kansila mai riko a [[Takum|ƙaramar hukumar Takum]]. Bayan ya ɗan yi zama kansila, sai aka naɗa shi mataimaki na musamman ga kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Taraba. A shekarar 2004 ne gwamnatin jihar Taraba ta naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban ƙaramar hukumar Takum shi kaɗai bayan ƙarewar wa’adin shugabannin ƙananan hukumomin jihar. Daga baya ya tsaya takara aka zaɓe shi shugaban ƙaramar hukumar a cikin wannan shekarar. Bayan ya riƙe muƙamin, an naɗa shi Shugaban riƙo na Majalisar na wani ɗan karamin lokaci a shekarar 2006. An naɗa Useni Kwamishinan Lafiya na Jihar Taraba a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Danbaba Suntai]] a shekarar 2007, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past commissioners: Taraba Ministry of Health |url=https://www.tarabastate.gov.ng/min-of-health/past-commissioners-ministry-of-health/ |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=tarabastate.gov.ng |archive-date=April 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426093745/https://www.tarabastate.gov.ng/min-of-health/past-commissioners-ministry-of-health/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> daga baya ya yi murabus ya tsaya takarar kujerar ɗan majalisar tarayya mai wakiltar mazaɓar TakumII na majalisa ta 6. Ya lashe zaɓen kuma ya sake tsayawa takara ɗaya a zaɓen 2011 kuma aka sake zaɓen sa a majalisa ta 7, lokacin da ya riƙe muƙamin shugaban kwamitin ƙananan hukumomi na majalisar. Abokan aikinsa ne suka zabi Useni shugaban majalisar bayan murabus ɗin da tsohon shugaban majalisar ya yi kuma ya yi aiki har zuwa ƙarshen majalisar ta 7. Mark ya samu wakilcin TakumII a majalisar dokokin jihar Taraba a karo na uku a zaɓen 2015 mai zuwa. A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun 2016 ne aka sake zaɓensa a matsayin shugaban majalisar, inda daga baya ya ajiye muƙaminsa saboda shirye-shiryen jam’iyyar cikin gida. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mkom |first=John |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Taraba State House of Assembly elects new Speaker |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/03/taraba-state-house-of-assembly-elects-new-speaker/amp/ |access-date=April 8, 2021 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Adoyi |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Taraba State Assembly Speaker resigns |url=https://www.dailypost.ng/2016/03/17/taraba-state-assembly-speaker-resigns/ |access-date=April 8, 2021 |website=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> An sake zaɓen Useni a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokokin jihar Taraba a zaɓen 2019 mai zuwa don wakiltar mazaɓar jihar TakumII a karo na huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=March 27, 2019 |title=Inec presents certificates of return to Taraba governor, others |url=https://www.today.ng/news/politics/inec-presents-certificates-return-taraba-governor-207481/amp/ |access-date=April 8, 2021 |website=www.today.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Danjuma |first=Terfa |date=January 30, 2019 |title=Court orders EFCC to refund N228 million to Taraba APC Candidate, two others |url=https://www.today.ng/news/metro/court-orders-efcc-refund-n228-taraba-apc-candidate-191659/amp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130225901/https://www.today.ng/news/metro/court-orders-efcc-refund-n228-taraba-apc-candidate-191659/amp/ |archive-date=2019-01-30 |access-date=April 8, 2021 |website=www.today.ng}}</ref> Ya sauya sheka zuwa [[All Progressives Congress|jam'iyyar All Progressives Congress]] kuma ya tsaya takarar ɗan majalisar tarayya ta Takum/Donga/Ussa. An ayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen karin ranar 16 ga watan Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwangoro |first=Nnaemeka |date=April 16, 2023 |title=Taraba Ex-Speaker Useni Wins Takum Federal Constituency Poll |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/04/16/taraba-ex-speaker-useni-wins-takum-federal-constituency-poll/ |access-date=June 23, 2023 |website=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Useni ya auri Christiana kuma suna da ‘ya’ya huɗu; Nita, Jeffrey, Joshua da Eleora. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Ministry of Culture and Tourism: Biographies |url=https://www.tarabastate.gov.ng/ministry-of-culture-and-tourism/about-ministry-of-culture-tourism/ |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=tarabastate.gov.ng |archive-date=April 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426100804/https://www.tarabastate.gov.ng/ministry-of-culture-and-tourism/about-ministry-of-culture-tourism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] lyk6i5rxfah6deau9ay36xd4q2jp0fq 0 93832 888356 836465 2026-07-28T04:40:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Margaret Isely''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 1921 - Yuli 23, 1997) yar kasuwa ce Ba'amurkiya, mai fafutukar samar da abinci, masanin abinci, mai fafutukar siyasa kuma mai son zaman lafiya . An fi saninta da kafa sarkar abinci ta kiwon lafiya Natural Grocers a 1955 tare da mijinta Philip Isely . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-25 |title=Natural Grocers by Vitamin Cottage filed a successful public offering |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2012/07/25/natural-grocers-by-vitamin-cottage-filed-a-successful-public-offering-2/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=The Denver Post |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrate Mother's Day with Natural Grocers® – Company Announcement - FT.com |url=https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/detail?dockey=600-202305021316PR_NEWS_USPRX____LA88097-1 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=markets.ft.com}}</ref> Ta kasance co-kafa Global Ratification and Elections Network (GREN) da Kundin Tsarin Mulki da Majalisar Dokokin Duniya (WCPA) tare da mijinta Philip Isely . <ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Margaret Ann Isely Sheesley :: iseli.org :: The home of the Iseli's |url=https://www.iseli.org/Article10.html |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.iseli.org |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603005504/https://iseli.org/Article10.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haife ta a matsayin Margaret Ann Sheesley, a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1921, ta girma a [[Illinois]] . <ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Margaret Ann Isely Sheesley :: iseli.org :: The home of the Iseli's |url=https://www.iseli.org/Article10.html |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.iseli.org |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603005504/https://iseli.org/Article10.html |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.iseli.org/Article10.html "Margaret Ann Isely Sheesley :: iseli.org :: The home of the Iseli's"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603005504/https://iseli.org/Article10.html |date=2023-06-03 }}. ''www.iseli.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai hidima. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |last=CNBC.com |first=By Jeremy Quittner, special to |date=2015-06-23 |title=8 companies poised to disrupt their industries |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/06/23/8-companies-poised-to-disrupt-their-industries.html |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=CNBC |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCNBC.com2015">CNBC.com, By Jeremy Quittner, special to (2015-06-23). [https://www.cnbc.com/2015/06/23/8-companies-poised-to-disrupt-their-industries.html "8 companies poised to disrupt their industries"]. ''CNBC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list]]</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1946, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search the People of Antioch College Alumni Association |url=http://alumni.antiochcollege.edu/search?q=Margaret+Isely |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=alumni.antiochcollege.edu |language=en-us |archive-date=2023-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522144942/https://alumni.antiochcollege.edu/search?q=Margaret+Isely |url-status=dead }}</ref> yayin da take karatun digiri na kasuwanci a Kwalejin Antakiya, Margaret ta sadu da Henry Philip Isely, wanda a baya ya yi zaman kurkuku a matsayin wanda ya ki yarda da imaninsa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Sun yi aure ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1948. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=CNBC.com |first=By Jeremy Quittner, special to |date=2015-06-23 |title=8 companies poised to disrupt their industries |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/06/23/8-companies-poised-to-disrupt-their-industries.html |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> == Haihuwar Vitamin Cottage == Tafiya ta Margaret zuwa duniyar abinci mai gina jiki ta fara ne yayin da take aiki a matsayin "Mai aikin Dietitian" a dakin shayi na Antakiya da kuma nazarin rubuce-rubucen (littafin Mu Samu Lafiya ) na masanin abinci mai gina jiki mai tasiri da rigima Adelle Davis . Gwagwarmayar lafiyarta ta sirri, gami da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani bayan haihuwar ɗanta na biyu, ya sa ta tambayi likitancin Yammacin Turai tare da neman wasu hanyoyin samun waraka. Margaret ta fara haɗa nau'in abinci mai gina jiki wanda ya ƙunshi 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, nama da kiwo da kiwo ta halitta, da kari, kamar man kifi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-04 |title=Natural Grocers Invites You to Pamper Mom on Mother's Day – Pagosa Daily Post News Events & Video for Pagosa Springs Colorado |url=https://pagosadailypost.com/2023/05/04/natural-grocers-invites-you-to-pamper-mom-on-mothers-day/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Produce Business |date=2023-05-16 |title=The Heart Of The Natural Grocers Experience |url=https://www.producebusiness.com/the-heart-of-the-natural-grocers-experience/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Produce Business |language=en-US}}</ref> Rungumar wannan tsarin, lafiyarta ta inganta sosai. Margaret da mijinta, Philip, sun fahimci yuwuwar fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na cin abinci na halitta. Sun fara rarraba littattafan abinci mai gina jiki da karɓar ƙarin umarni gida-gida, suna aza harsashin kasuwancinsu. sadaukarwarsu da juriyarsu sun biya, kuma a shekara ta 1958, sun buɗe kantin sayar da abinci na farko na kiwon lafiya mai suna Builder's Foundation a Lakewood, Colorado . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Margaret Ann Isely Sheesley :: iseli.org :: The home of the Iseli's |url=https://www.iseli.org/Article10.html |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.iseli.org |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603005504/https://iseli.org/Article10.html |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.iseli.org/Article10.html "Margaret Ann Isely Sheesley :: iseli.org :: The home of the Iseli's"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603005504/https://iseli.org/Article10.html |date=2023-06-03 }}. ''www.iseli.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NGVC - Natural Grocers By Vitamin Cottage Inc Company Profile - CNNMoney.com |url=https://money.cnn.com/quote/profile/profile.html?symb=NGVC |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=money.cnn.com |archive-date=2023-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519114815/https://money.cnn.com/quote/profile/profile.html?symb=NGVC |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1963, Iselys sun canza wani gida irin na gida zuwa sabon kantin sayar da su, yana ƙarfafa canjin sunan zuwa Vitamin Cottage. Yanzu 'yan'uwa na ƙarni na biyu Zephyr, Kemper, da Heather ne ke tafiyar da shi tare da shagunan sayar da kayayyaki sama da 160 a cikin jihohi 20 na Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Natural Grocers Shows Employee Appreciation Throughout February |url=https://www.progressivegrocer.com/natural-grocers-shows-employee-appreciation-throughout-february |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Progressive Grocer |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == A cikin 1958, Margaret ta yi takarar Majalisar Dattijai ta Jiha a matsayin mai zaman kanta don "Kiyaye Rayuwa". <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2015-03-24 |title=Expo West 2015: the award winners were... |url=https://www.newhope.com/natural-products-expo-west-2015/expo-west-2015-award-winners-were |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=New Hope Network |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> A cikin wannan shekarar, Philip Isely ya kafa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Duniya da Ƙungiyar Majalissar (WCPA), ƙungiyar duniya da ke sadaukar da zaman lafiya, adalci, da ci gaba mai dorewa. Margaret ta kasance mai himma tare da mijinta kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙa'idodin WCPA da bayar da shawarwari ga gwamnatin duniya da za ta iya magance ƙalubalen duniya. Ta kasance memba na zartarwa kuma ma'ajin WCPA. An dauki gidansu ne bayan wata jarida ta gida, Jefferson Sentinel, ta zarge su da kasancewa [[Kwaminisanci|'yan gurguzu]] . "Daya daga cikin makwabcinmu ya bincikar mu saboda mun ba da littattafai ga Majalisar Dokokin Duniya ," in ji Margaret, "amma [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|FBI]] ta ba mu kyakkyawan tsari a matsayin masu son zaman lafiya ." <ref name=":0" /> == Sauran == Ta yi hidima a kungiyoyi masu alaƙa da abinci da masana'antu: <ref>{{Cite web |title=67 Things You Didn't Know About Natural Grocers {{!}} Natural Grocers |url=https://www.naturalgrocers.com/67-things-about-natural-grocers |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.naturalgrocers.com |archive-date=2023-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513044623/https://www.naturalgrocers.com/67-things-about-natural-grocers |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":2"/> * Shugaba - Gidauniyar Halitta don Binciken Abincin Abinci <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2015-03-07 |title=Hall of Legends welcomes 12 honorees at Expo West 2015 |url=https://www.newhope.com/stub-4503/gallery?slide=10 |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=New Hope Network |language=en |archive-date=2023-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521123127/https://www.newhope.com/stub-4503/gallery?slide=10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Shugaba - Ƙungiyar Abincin Abinci ta Rocky Mountain <ref name=":3" /> * Memba majalisar zartarwa - Ƙungiyar Abinci ta Kasa . <ref name=":3" /> An shigar da ita a cikin Cibiyar Masana'antu ta Halitta na Halitta a cikin 2015. <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-27 |title=Natural Grocers History: Founding, Timeline, and Milestones - Zippia |url=https://www.zippia.com/natural-grocers-careers-7942/history/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.zippia.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Margaret Isely ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-19 |title=Ahead of the Curve |url=https://retailrestaurantfb.com/ahead-of-the-curve/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Retail and Restaurant Facility Business |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pueblo gets a healthy dose |url=https://www.chieftain.com/story/business/2002/06/27/pueblo-gets-healthy-dose/8893823007/ |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=Pueblo Chieftain |language=en-US}}</ref> == Gado == Iyalinta da abokanta ne suka kafa Gidauniyar Margaret Ann Isely don tallafawa ayyukan da ke da mahimmanci ga Margaret. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-01-01 |title=The Phytoplankton Fertilization Project |url=http://members.aol.com/phytoproj/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050101013032/http://members.aol.com/phytoproj/index.html |archive-date=2005-01-01 |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref> Wannan ya haɗa da kafa madadin asibitin kiwon lafiya na sa-kai a Colorado da aikin shuka phytoplankton da nufin rage [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Margaret Ann Isely Sheesley :: iseli.org :: The home of the Iseli's |url=https://www.iseli.org/News-article-sid-10-newlang-deu.html |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=www.iseli.org |archive-date=2023-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519114816/https://www.iseli.org/News-article-sid-10-newlang-deu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Masu sayar da abinci na halitta * Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Duniya da Ƙungiyar Majalisar (WCPA) * Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Duniya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9ynhahacmdq6a060y9rdfv950z060q9 0 94082 888325 881685 2026-07-27T22:25:04Z BNUBashirnuhuusman 45689 Nayi gyara 888325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Short and plain grammar of the Spanish language (IA shortplaingramma00lara).pdf|thumb|Harshen Mutanen Espanya]] [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]] yare ne mai canzawa, wanda ke nufin cewa ana canza kalmomi da juyawa ("alamu") a ƙananan hanyoyi, yawanci a ƙarshen, bisa ga canje-canjen ayyukansu. Ana sanya alamun [[Aikatau|Kalmomin]] don lokaci, al'amari, yanayi, mutum, da adadi (wanda ke haifar da siffofi hamsin da aka haɗuwa a kowane kalma). Sunaye suna bin tsarin jinsi biyu kuma ana sanya su alama don lambar. Ana canza sunayen mutum don mutum, lambar, jinsi (ciki har da raguwa), da kuma tsarin ƙarancin shari'ar'a; tsarin sunayen Mutanen Espanya yana wakiltar sauƙaƙe tsarin Latin na kakanninmu. [[Fayil:Antonio_de_Nebrija_Introductiones_latinae_1550.jpg|right|thumb|201x201px|Gabatarwa na Grammatica Nebrissensis]] Mutanen Espanya ita ce ta farko daga cikin yarukan Turai da ke da rubutun harshe, ''{{Lang|es|[[Gramática de la lengua castellana]]}}'', wanda masanin ilimin Andalusian Antonio de Nebrija ya buga a shekara ta 1492 kuma ya gabatar da shi ga Sarauniya Isabella na Castile a Salamanca . {{Lang|es|[[Real Academia Española]]}} (RAE, Royal Spanish Academy) a al'ada tana ba da ƙa'idojin na [[Yaren Sifen|Harshen Mutanen Espanya]], da kuma rubutun sa. Bambance-bambance tsakanin nau'ikan Peninsular da Mutanen Espanya na Amurka kaɗan ne, sannan kuma wanda ya koyi yaren a wani yanki gabaɗaya ba zai sami matsala ta sadarwa a ɗayan ba; duk da haka, furcin ya bambanta, da kuma harshe da ƙamus. Kwanan nan da aka buga cikakkun ƙamus na Mutanen Espanya a cikin Turanci sun haɗa da DeBruyne (1996), Butt & Benjamin (2011), da Batchelor & San José (2010). == Kalmomin == Kowane aikatau na Mutanen Espanya yana cikin ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan guda uku, wanda ke da ƙarshen ƙarshen ƙarshen: ''-ar'', ''-er'', ko ''-ir'' - wani lokacin ana kiransa na farko, na biyu, da na uku, bi da bi. Wani aikatau na Mutanen Espanya yana da matakai tara masu nunawa tare da ƙarin-ko-ƙarancin dai-daitattun Turanci kai tsaye: lokacin yanzu ('Ina tafiya'), mai sauƙi ('Na yi tafiya'), mara cikakke ('Ina tafiya') ko 'Na yi tafiya', cikakke na yanzu ('Na yi tafi'), cikakke na baya - kuma ana kiransa pluperfect - ('Zan yi tafiya'], cikakke nan gaba ('Zan tafiya'), cikakkiyar tafiya'), sauƙi mai sauƙi ('Zan bi ta yi tafiya') da cikakke na yanayi ('Zan tafi'). In most dialects, each tense has six potential forms, varying for first, second, or third person and for singular or plural number. In the second person, Spanish maintains the so-called "T–V distinction" between familiar and formal modes of address. The formal second-person pronouns ({{Lang|es|usted}}, {{Lang|es|ustedes}}) take third-person verb forms. A wurare da yawa na Latin Amurka (musamman Amurka ta tsakiya da kudancin [[Amurka ta Kudu]]), ana maye gurbin wakilin mutum na biyu mai suna {{Lang|es|tú}} da {{Lang|es|vos}}, wanda ke buƙatar nau'ikan aikatau na kansa, musamman a cikin halin yanzu, inda ƙarshen su ne {{Lang|es|-ás}}, {{Lang|es|-és}}, da {{Lang|es|-ís}} don {{Lang|es|-ar}}, {{Lang|es|-er}}, {{Lang|es|-ir}} verbs, bi da bi. (Dubi "{{Lang|es|[[voseo]]}}".) === Bayyanawa na yanzu === Ana amfani da alamar yanzu don bayyana ayyuka ko jihohin kasancewa a cikin lokaci na yanzu. Misali: {| class="wikitable" |+Hanyoyin nunawa na yanzu na aikatau {{Lang|es|-ar}} na yau da kullun magana ('yi magana') ! !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane |- !Mutum na farko |{{Lang|es|(yo) habl'''o'''}} |{{Lang|es|(nosotros/-as) habl'''amos'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu da aka saba da shi |{{Lang|es|(tú) habl'''as'''}}<br />{{Lang|es|(vos) habl'''ás'''/habl'''áis'''}} |{{Lang|es|(vosotros/-as) habl'''áis'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu na al'ada |{{Lang|es|(usted) habl'''a'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ustedes) habl'''an'''}} |- !Mutum na uku |{{Lang|es|(él, ella) habl'''a'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ellos, ellas) habl'''an'''}} |} {| class="wikitable" |+Hanyoyin nunawa na yanzu na aikatau na yau da kullun {{Lang|es|comer}} ('don cin abinci') ! !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane |- !Mutum na farko |{{Lang|es|(yo) com'''o'''}} |{{Lang|es|(nosotros/-as) com'''emos'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu da aka saba da shi |{{Lang|es|(tú) com'''es'''}}<br />{{Lang|es|(vos) com'''és'''/com'''éis'''}} |{{Lang|es|(vosotros/-as) com'''éis'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu na al'ada |{{Lang|es|(usted) com'''e'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ustedes) com'''en'''}} |- !Mutum na uku |{{Lang|es|(él, ella) com'''e'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ellos, ellas) com'''en'''}} |} {| class="wikitable" |+Hanyoyin da suka dace na aikatau na yau da kullun {{Lang|es|-ar}} magana ('magana') ! !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane |- !Mutum na farko |{{Lang|es|(yo) habl'''é'''}} |{{Lang|es|(nosotros/-as) habl'''amos'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu da aka saba da shi |{{Lang|es|(tú, vos) habl'''aste'''}} |{{Lang|es|(vosotros/-as) habl'''asteis'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu na al'ada |{{Lang|es|(usted) habl'''ó'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ustedes) habl'''aron'''}} |- !Mutum na uku |{{Lang|es|(él, ella) habl'''ó'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ellos, ellas) habl'''aron'''}} |} Mutanen Espanya suna da kalmomi da yawa da aka yi amfani da su don bayyana ayyuka ko jihohin kasancewa a cikin lokacin da ya gabata. Biyu da suke "mai sauƙi" a cikin tsari (wanda aka kafa tare da kalma ɗaya, maimakon zama maganganu masu haɗari) sune preterite da imperfect. ==== Yin amfani da preterite da imperfect tare ==== Ana amfani da preterite don bayyana ayyukan ko abubuwan da suka faru a baya, kuma waɗanda suka kasance nan take ko ana kallon su kamar an kammala su. Misali: * Ta mutu jiya (Ta mutu jiya) * Pablo ya kashe fitilu (Pablo ya kashe fitilun) * Ni na ci [[shinkafa]] (Na ci shinkafar) * {{Lang|es|Te cortaste el pelo}} (Ka yanke gashinka, Lit. "Ka yanke gashi kanka") {| class="wikitable" |+Hanyoyin da suka dace na aikatau na yau da kullun {{Lang|es|comer}} ('don cin abinci') ! !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane |- !Mutum na farko |{{Lang|es|(yo) com'''í'''}} |{{Lang|es|(nosotros/-as) com'''imos'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu da aka saba da shi |{{Lang|es|(tú, vos) com'''iste'''}} |{{Lang|es|(vosotros/-as) com'''isteis'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu na al'ada |{{Lang|es|(usted) com'''ió'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ustedes) com'''ieron'''}} |- !Mutum na uku |{{Lang|es|(él, ella) com'''ió'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ellos, ellas) com'''ieron'''}} |} {| class="wikitable" |+Hanyoyin da suka dace na aikatau na yau da kullun {{Lang|es|-ir}} {{Lang|es|vivir}} ('don rayuwa') ! !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane |- !Mutum na farko |{{Lang|es|(yo) viv'''í'''}} |{{Lang|es|(nosotros/-as) viv'''imos'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu da aka saba da shi |{{Lang|es|(tú, vos) viv'''iste'''}} |{{Lang|es|(vosotros/-as) viv'''isteis'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu na al'ada |{{Lang|es|(usted) viv'''ió'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ustedes) viv'''ieron'''}} |- !Mutum na uku |{{Lang|es|(él, ella) viv'''ió'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ellos, ellas) viv'''ieron'''}} |} {| class="wikitable" |+Abubuwan da ba su da cikakkun siffofi na aikatau na yau da kullun {{Lang|es|comer}} ('don cin abinci') ! !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane |- !Mutum na farko |{{Lang|es|(yo) com'''ía'''}} |{{Lang|es|(nosotros/-as) com'''íamos'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu da aka saba da shi |{{Lang|es|(tú, vos) com'''ías'''}} |{{Lang|es|(vosotros/-as) com'''íais'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu na al'ada |{{Lang|es|(usted) com'''ía'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ustedes) com'''ían'''}} |- !Mutum na uku |{{Lang|es|(él, ella) com'''ía'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ellos, ellas) com'''ían'''}} |} Lura cewa (1) don {{Lang|es|-ar}} da {{Lang|es|-ir}} aikatau (amma ba {{Lang|es|-er}} ba), nau'in mutum na farko na jam'i iri ɗaya ne da na yanzu; kuma (2) {{Lang|es|-er}} da {{Lang|es|-ir}} kalmomin suna da saiti ɗaya na ƙarshen. Rashin cikakke yana nunayukan ko jihohin da ake kallo a matsayin ci gaba a baya. Misali: * {{Lang|es|Yo era cómico en el pasado}} (Na kasance / na yi amfani da ni don zama mai ban dariya a baya). * {{Lang|es|Usted comía mucho}} (Kun ci da yawa - a zahiri, wannan jumlar tana cewa "Kun ci da gaske", tana cewa a baya, mutumin da ake magana a kai yana da halayyar "ci da yawa"). * {{Lang|es|Ellos escuchaban la radio}} (Sun saurari rediyo). Dukkanin uku daga cikin jimloli da ke sama sun bayyana ayyukan "ba na nan take ba" waɗanda ake kallo kamar yadda ke ci gaba a baya. Halin da ke cikin jumla ta farko da kuma aikin da ke cikin na biyu sun kasance masu ci gaba, ba abubuwan da suka faru nan take ba. A cikin jumla ta uku, mai magana yana mai da hankali kan aikin da ke gudana, ba a farkon ko ƙarshen ba. {| class="wikitable" |+Abubuwan da ba su da cikakkun siffofi na aikatau {{Lang|es|-ir}} na yau da kullun {{Lang|es|vivir}} ('don rayuwa') ! !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane |- !Mutum na farko |{{Lang|es|(yo) viv'''ía'''}} |{{Lang|es|(nosotros/-as) viv'''íamos'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu da aka saba da shi |{{Lang|es|(tú, vos) viv'''ías'''}} |{{Lang|es|(vosotros/-as) viv'''íais'''}} |- !Mutum na biyu na al'ada |{{Lang|es|(usted) viv'''ía'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ustedes) viv'''ían'''}} |- !Mutum na uku |{{Lang|es|(él, ella) viv'''ía'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ellos, ellas) viv'''ían'''}} |} {| class="wikitable" |+Imperfect forms of the regular {{Lang|es|-ar}} verb {{Lang|es|hablar}} ('to speak') ! !Singular !Plural |- !First person |{{Lang|es|(yo) habl'''aba'''}} |{{Lang|es|(nosotros/-as) habl'''ábamos'''}} |- !Second person familiar |{{Lang|es|(tú, vos) habl'''abas'''}} |{{Lang|es|(vosotros/-as) habl'''abais'''}} |- ! |{{Lang|es|(usted) habl'''aba'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ustedes) habl'''aban'''}} |- !Third person |{{Lang|es|(él, ella) habl'''aba'''}} |{{Lang|es|(ellos, ellas) habl'''aban'''}} |} Lura cewa (1) ga dukkan aikatau a cikin ajizanci, mutum na farko da na uku suna da nau'i ɗaya; kuma (2) {{Lang|es|-er}} da {{Lang|es|-ir}} aikatau suna da nau-nau'i iri ɗaya. == Manazarta == * Alba de la Fuente, Anahi (2013). ''Haɗin kai a cikin Mutanen Espanya: haɗin kai, sarrafawa da saye. ''Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada = Library and Archives Kanada.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-494-98079-8|978-0-494-98079-8]].&nbsp; *   *   * [Hasiya] ''Mutanen Espanya: wani muhimmin harshe. ''I. E. Mackenzie. London: Routledge.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-203-49729-5|0-203-49729-5]].&nbsp; *   * An yi amfani da wannan kalmar a matsayin mai suna "Matellán". ''Littafin Routledge na ilimin Mutanen Espanya.'' Abingdon, Oxon. 2021.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-429-31819-1|978-0-429-31819-1]].&nbsp; * Daussà, E. J. Mai aiki na Syntactic ya shiga cikin Mutanen Espanya. *   *   * {{Cite book|edition=Roger W.}} *   * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] ''Hawan dutse na Mutanen Espanya.'' 69-11A. Jami'ar Jihar [[Pennsylvania]].   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-549-92293-3|978-0-549-92293-3]].&nbsp; * Lewandowski, Wojciech (2021-01-27). ''"Ginin ba za a iya hangowa ba amma an motsa su: shaidar daga cikakkiyar Mutanen Espanya".'' Ilimin harshe. '''59''' (1): 35–74.  {{Doi|10.1515/ling-2020-0264}}[Hotuna a shafi na 10]   [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1613-396X 1613-396X].&nbsp; * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 1] ''"Wasu Clitic Combinations a cikin Syntax na Romance".'' Jaridar Catalan ta Linguistics. '''1''': 201.  {{Doi|10.5565/rev/catjl.59}}[Hotuna a shafi na 10]   [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:2014-9719 2014-9719].&nbsp; *   * Roman IJ. ''Hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita don yin amfani da kayan masarufi na Mutanen Espanya.'' [Hotuna No. 3689735]. Jami'ar California, Los Angeles; 2015. *   * Saab, Andrés (2020-12-29). ''"Deconstructing Voice. The syntax and semantics of u-syncretism in Spanish".'' Glossa: mujallar ilimin harshe gaba ɗaya. '''5''' (1).  {{Doi|10.5334/gjgl.704}}[Hotuna a shafi na 1034]   [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:2397-1835 2397-1835].&nbsp; * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] ''"Bambance-bambance na kalmomi da salon sadarwa".'' Kimiyya ta Harshe. '''33''' (1): 138–153.  {{Doi|10.1016/j.langsci.2010.08.008}}doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2010.08.008|10.1016/j.langsci.2010.08.008]]. * Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org. ''Hanyar magana ta Mutanen Espanya. Port Chester: Jami'ar Cambridge Press.'' [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-511-15575-8|978-0-511-15575-8]].&nbsp;  [[Category:Harsuna]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hvsiuny5g353p2bx3x83tjzptuu9wlj 0 96315 888347 699354 2026-07-28T02:13:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mkuwe Isale''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba, 1989), ƙwararrya ce da aka sani da '''Mamy Baby,''' mai gabatar da rediyon Tanzaniya ce kuma halayen watsa labarai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-21 |title=Clouds FM Top 20: List ya midundo 20 ya wiki, leo January 21, 2018 - Millard Ayo |url=https://millardayo.com/8c1ls/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-02 |title=CloudsFM Top 20: Ngoma 20 kali zilizopangwa kwenye list leo April 2 - Millard Ayo |url=https://millardayo.com/twn20/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BMT {{!}} DADA HOOD KUUNGA MKONO JUHUDI ZA RAIS SAMIA KUINUA MICHEZO YA WANAWAKE. |url=https://www.bmt.go.tz/news/dada-hood-kuunga-mkono-juhudi-za-rais-samia-kuinua-michezo-ya-wanawake |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=www.bmt.go.tz}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mkuwe Isale a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba, 1989, a Tabora, [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], a cikin dangin Fundikira na masarautar Nyamwezi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribute To Chief Fundikira |url=https://venansioahabwe.com/news/tribute-to-chief-fundikira |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=venansioahabwe.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rockel |first=Stephen J. |date=June 2019 |title=The Tutsi and the Nyamwezi: Cattle, Mobility, and the Transformation of Agro-Pastoralism in Nineteenth-Century Western Tanzania |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/tutsi-and-the-nyamwezi-cattle-mobility-and-the-transformation-of-agropastoralism-in-nineteenthcentury-western-tanzania/1AA1CAC7FAE61611D6706B3A5F04297F |journal=History in Africa |language=en |volume=46 |pages=231–261 |doi=10.1017/hia.2019.5 |issn=0361-5413}}</ref> Mamy Baby ta tafi [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantar firamare ta Isike]] daga baya ta yi makarantar sakandire ta Kazima. Saboda sha'awarta na sadarwa da ba da labari, ta yi karatun digiri a [[Journalism|aikin jarida]], inda ta sami Difloma mai zurfi a Kwalejin Aikin Jarida.. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-19 |title=MamyBaby |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/mamybaby |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Music In Africa |language=en |archive-date=2024-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008210211/https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/mamybaby |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A ranar 30 ga watan Disamba, 2022, Mamy Baby ta auri Dr. Hassan Abbas, tsohon babban sakataren ma'aikatar yaɗa labarai, al'adu, fasaha da wasanni a Tanzaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-30 |title=Dkt. Hassan Abbas Afunga Ndoa na Mtangazaji wa Clouds Mamy Baby – Video |url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/dkt-hassan-abbas-afunga-ndoa-na-mtangazaji-wa-clouds-mamy-baby-video/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=Global Publishers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-30 |title=Dk Abbas afunga ndoa na Mamy Baby wa Clouds - HabariLeo |url=https://habarileo.co.tz/dk-abbasi-afunga-ndoa-na-mamy-baby-wa-clouds/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dk Hassan Abbas katibu mkuu Wizara ya Habari, Utamaduni, Sanaa na Michezo – Bongo5.com |url=https://bongo5.com/dk-hassan-abbas-katibu-mkuu-wizara-ya-habari-utamaduni-sanaa-na-michezo-04-2021/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=bongo5.com}}</ref> A halin yanzu Dr. Hassan Abbas yana riƙe da muƙamin babban sakataren [[Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Ƙasa Da Yawon Buɗe Ido|ma'aikatar albarkatun ƙasa da yawon buɗe ido]] a Tanzaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dkt. Abbas katibu Mkuu Wizara ya Maliasili na Utalii – Bongo5.com |url=https://bongo5.com/dkt-abbas-katibu-mkuu-wizara-ya-maliasili-na-utalii-02-2023/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=bongo5.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-26 |title=President Samia makes changes in cabinet and regional administration |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/president-samia-makes-changes-in-cabinet-and-regional-administration-4138402 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Habari {{!}} Wizara ya Ulinzi na Jeshi la Kujenga Taifa |url=https://www.modans.go.tz/news/780 |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=www.modans.go.tz}}</ref> == Sana'a == A shekarar 2019, Mamy Baby ta yi aiki a Mambo Jambo (MJ FM), inda ta fara aiki. Sha'awarta ga rediyo ya sa ta shiga Rediyo 5, inda ta yi aiki daga shekarun 2011 zuwa 2013. A cikin shekarar 2013, ta shiga gidan rediyon Gabashin Afirka, inda ta shirya ''shirin Cruise'', tare da Sam Misago da DJ Sinyorita har zuwa shekara ta 2015. A cikin shekarar 2016, Mamy Baby ta koma Clouds FM, inda ta zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar akan ''XXL'', babban wasan kwaikwayo na tashar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=XXL ya Clouds FM yafunga mwaka na Wanavyuo Tanzania – Bongo5.com |url=https://bongo5.com/xxl-ya-clouds-fm-yafunga-mwaka-na-wanavyuo-tanzania-12-2021/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=bongo5.com}}</ref> Tare da B Dozen, Adam Mchomvu, da KenedyTheRemedy, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mama alinifundisha maisha, namna ya kuwajali wanawake wengine – Jux – Bongo5.com |url=https://bongo5.com/mama-alinifundisha-maisha-namna-ya-kuwajali-wanawake-wengine-jux-03-2021/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=bongo5.com}}</ref> ta ci gaba da gina sunanta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan muryoyin rediyon nishaɗin Tanzaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vuta N'kuvute: Dj Sinyorita na Mami wa EA Radio wachukuliwa na... – Bongo5.com |url=https://bongo5.com/vuta-nkuvute-dj-sinyorita-na-mami-wa-ea-radio-wachukuliwa-na-04-2016/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=bongo5.com}}</ref> == Tasiri da rinjaye == A Clouds FM, Mamy Baby ta taka rawa wajen inganta kiɗe-kiɗe da al'adun Tanzaniya. Mamy taci gaba da kawo sauyi ta hanyar ''DADA HOOD'', yunƙurinta na sadaukar da kai da zaburarwa 'yan mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-08 |title=SIKU YA WANAWAKE Warembo wanavyoupiga mwingi Bongo {{!}} JAMHURI MEDIA |url=https://www.jamhurimedia.co.tz/siku-ya-wanawake-warembo-wanavyoupiga-mwingi-bongo/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=www.jamhurimedia.co.tz |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=zanzinews.com |title=Wasanii wa Kike Dada Hood,BMT Kuunga Mkono Juhudi za Rais Mhe. Samia Suluhu Kusaidia Michezo Nchini. |url=http://www.zanzinews.com/2022/02/wasanii-wa-kike-dada-hoodbmt-kuunga.html |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=ZanziNews}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=mzalendoeditor |date=2022-02-23 |title=WASANII WAKIKE, DADAHOOD, BMT KUUNGA MKONO JUHUDI ZA RAIS SAMIA KUSAIDIA MICHEZO NCHINI |url=https://mzalendo.co.tz/2022/02/23/dada-hood-kuunga-mkono-juhudi-za-rais-samia-kusaidia-michezo-nchini/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=Mzalendo |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=News {{!}}MINISTRY OF CULTURE ARTS AND SPORTS |url=https://www.michezo.go.tz/news/wasanii-wakike-dadahood-bmt-kuunga-mkono-juhudi-za-rais-samia-kusaidia-michezo-nchini |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=www.michezo.go.tz |archive-date=2024-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009035237/https://www.michezo.go.tz/news/wasanii-wakike-dadahood-bmt-kuunga-mkono-juhudi-za-rais-samia-kusaidia-michezo-nchini |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zaidi ya Mil. 400 zachangishwa The Orange Concert |url=https://www.tanzaniaweb.live/TanzaniaHomePage/entertainment/Zaidi-ya-Mil-400-zachangishwa-The-Orange-Concert-700157?gallery=1 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=TanzaniaWeb |language=sw }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kjb3a46naaprboxf32y95763adwujg8 0 96403 888450 718548 2026-07-28T11:10:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mary Francis Masanja''' 'yar siyasar Tanzaniya<ref name="Mary Masanja">{{Cite web |title=Mary Francis Masanja Member of Parliament Profile |url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/784 |access-date=2025-03-17 |archive-date=2024-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211131427/https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/784 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Masanja's Government Cabinet Profile |url=https://www.mnrt.go.tz/index.php/about/Hon.-Mary-F-Masanja |access-date=2025-03-17 |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718163706/https://www.mnrt.go.tz/index.php/about/Hon.-Mary-F-Masanja |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mhe Mary Masanja aipongeza TAWA kwa kuendeleza utalii wa malikale |url=https://www.tawa.go.tz/news/post/mhe-mary-masanja-aipongeza-tawa-kwa-kuendeleza-utalii-wa-mali |access-date=2025-03-17 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802010407/https://www.tawa.go.tz/news/post/mhe-mary-masanja-aipongeza-tawa-kwa-kuendeleza-utalii-wa-mali |url-status=dead }}</ref> ce kuma mataimakiyar ministar albarkatun ƙasa da yawon buɗe ido kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisar wakilai ta Chama Cha Mapinduzi ta mata a kujeru na musamman tun a watan Nuwamba 2020.<ref name="Mary Masanja"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Masanja's Government Cabinet Profile |url=https://www.mnrt.go.tz/index.php/about/Hon.-Mary-F-Masanja |access-date=2025-03-17 |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718163706/https://www.mnrt.go.tz/index.php/about/Hon.-Mary-F-Masanja |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mhe Mary Masanja aipongeza TAWA kwa kuendeleza utalii wa malikale |url=https://www.tawa.go.tz/news/post/mhe-mary-masanja-aipongeza-tawa-kwa-kuendeleza-utalii-wa-mali |access-date=2025-03-17 |archive-date=2023-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802010407/https://www.tawa.go.tz/news/post/mhe-mary-masanja-aipongeza-tawa-kwa-kuendeleza-utalii-wa-mali |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s153qy9a1i6qnr5peaj69x6cxatzje1 0 96662 888127 750556 2026-07-27T16:03:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 888127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emily Bisharat''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2004) lauya ce dan kasar [[Jordan]], mai fafutukar siyasa kuma mai taimakon jama'a, wanda aka sani da kasancewa lauya mace ta farko a Masarautar Jordan. Ta kafa kungiyar matan Larabawa a shekarun 1950, ta yi gwagwarmayar neman mata a kasar Jordan, kuma ta kasance mai taka-tsan-tsan a tattaunawar kasa da kasa kan hakkin Falasdinu. Ta kafa kungiyar matan Larabawa. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == PBisharat tana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu, kuma dangin mahaifinta sun fito ne daga birnin [[Al-Salt|Gishiri]], a cikin gundumar Balqa, mai tazarar kilomita 35 arewa maso yammacin [[Amman]]. A matsayinta na budurwa, Bisharat ta so zama lauya, amma ta fuskanci adawa daga mahaifinta bisa dalilin cewa matan Jordan ba su da wata sana’a banda koyarwa. Ta halarci makarantar abokai ta Ramallah, sannan ta karanci turanci a [[Syrian-Lebanese College|kwalejin Syria da Lebanon]]. A cikin shekarun 1930, Bisharat ta yi aiki a matsayin malami. Mata a kasar Jordan ba a halatta musu gado ko dukiya ba, don haka lokacin da mahaifin Bisharat ya rasu, ya bar wa ‘ya’yansa duka kudinsa maimakon ‘ya’yansa mata. Bisharat ta tanadi abin da ta samu sannan ta shiga makarantar lauya, daga karshe ta samu digirin ta na shari'a a Jami'ar Metropolitan London . == Sana'a == === Doka === Bayan ta sami digirinta na shari'a, Bisharat ta fara aikin lauya a Jordan, kuma ta zama memba a [[Jordan Bar Association|kungiyar lauyoyin Jordan]] (JBA), ta yi aiki a majalisarsu sau biyu. Ta ci gaba da taka rawar gani a taron kungiyar har zuwa karshen rayuwarta. === Harkar siyasa === A ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1954, tana da shekaru 41, Bisharat ta kafa ƙungiyar matan Larabawa (Ittihad al-Mar'ah al-Arabbiyah). A taron farko na kungiyar, wanda ya samu halartar mata 800, an zabi Bisharat a matsayin shugabar kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordans first "Arab Women Federation" and its first feminist: Emily Bsharat. |url=http://fatimaabbadi.blogspot.ca/2013/05/jordanians-first-arab-women-federation.html |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=fatimaabbadi.blogspot.ca}}</ref> A karshen shekara ta 1954 kungiyar ta gabatar da wata takarda ga firaministan kasar Jordan, inda ta bukaci a ba mata damar kada kuri'a da tsayawa takara a bisa doka. A cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa, ƙungiyar ta yi aiki don inganta yawan karatun mata, ta yi gwagwarmaya don neman mata a Jordan, kuma ta ƙarfafa mata su yi amfani da 'yancinsu na siyasa gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=A History of Women's Activism in Jordan: 1946-1989 |url=https://www.7iber.com/society/a-history-of-womens-activism-in-jordan-1946-1989/ |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=7iber {{!}} حبر |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1957, kungiyar matan Larabawa ta tilasta rufe, saboda bullo da dokar yaki da ta’addanci da gwamnati ta yi wa jam’iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyin. <ref name=":2" /> Bisharat ta damu matuka game da hakkokin al'ummar Palasdinu. Bayan korar Falasdinawa da jirgin a 1948, Bisharat ya tafi Amurka don ba da tattaunawa da laccoci kan hakkokin Falasdinu. Ta rubuta labarai ga mujallar ''Alraed'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Bin Al Urdon ('yar Jordan). === Ayyukan agaji === Bisharat ta bude gidan marayu ga yaran Falasdinawa a shekarar 1948, kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa makarantar jinya ta Jordan ta farko a shekarar 1953. Taimakon taimakonta galibi yana da dabara sosai. A cewar marubuci kuma mai bincike Suhair Tal, Bisharat ta san cewa al'ummarta ba za su iya amsa da kyau ga gwagwarmayar siyasa daga mace ba, don haka ta "canza ra'ayoyinta zuwa shirye-shiryen agaji a matsayin taga don karbuwar zamantakewa". == Mutuwa == Bisharat ya mutu a shekara ta 2004. Ta ba da dukiyoyinta na JD 500,000 (kimanin dalar Amurka 700,000 <ref>{{Cite web |title=XE: Convert JOD/USD. Jordan Dinar to United States Dollar |url=http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=500,000&From=JOD&To=USD |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=www.xe.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903210741/https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=500,000&From=JOD&To=USD |url-status=dead }}</ref> ) ga ƙungiyoyin agaji daban-daban da cocin, kuma ta ba da gudummawar ɗakin karatu, injin ɗinki, na'urar buga littattafai da kayan kallo ga Cibiyar Sisterhood Is Global Institute (SIGI). == Duba kuma == * Lauyoyin mata na farko a duniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 2004]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fu375ys4wmgv35rg6ez058ugqrv1eu2 888128 888127 2026-07-27T16:04:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 888128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emily Bisharat''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2004) lauya ce dan kasar [[Jordan]], mai fafutukar siyasa kuma mai taimakon jama'a, wanda aka sani da kasancewa lauya mace ta farko a Masarautar [[Jodan|Jordan]]. Ta kafa kungiyar matan Larabawa a shekarun 1950, ta yi gwagwarmayar neman mata a kasar Jordan, kuma ta kasance mai taka-tsan-tsan a tattaunawar kasa da kasa kan hakkin Falasdinu. Ta kafa kungiyar matan Larabawa. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == PBisharat tana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu, kuma dangin mahaifinta sun fito ne daga birnin [[Al-Salt|Gishiri]], a cikin gundumar Balqa, mai tazarar kilomita 35 arewa maso yammacin [[Amman]]. A matsayinta na budurwa, Bisharat ta so zama lauya, amma ta fuskanci adawa daga mahaifinta bisa dalilin cewa matan Jordan ba su da wata sana’a banda koyarwa. Ta halarci makarantar abokai ta Ramallah, sannan ta karanci turanci a [[Syrian-Lebanese College|kwalejin Syria da Lebanon]]. A cikin shekarun 1930, Bisharat ta yi aiki a matsayin malami. Mata a kasar Jordan ba a halatta musu gado ko dukiya ba, don haka lokacin da mahaifin Bisharat ya rasu, ya bar wa ‘ya’yansa duka kudinsa maimakon ‘ya’yansa mata. Bisharat ta tanadi abin da ta samu sannan ta shiga makarantar lauya, daga karshe ta samu digirin ta na shari'a a Jami'ar Metropolitan London . == Sana'a == === Doka === Bayan ta sami digirinta na shari'a, Bisharat ta fara aikin lauya a Jordan, kuma ta zama memba a [[Jordan Bar Association|kungiyar lauyoyin Jordan]] (JBA), ta yi aiki a majalisarsu sau biyu. Ta ci gaba da taka rawar gani a taron kungiyar har zuwa karshen rayuwarta. === Harkar siyasa === A ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1954, tana da shekaru 41, Bisharat ta kafa ƙungiyar matan Larabawa (Ittihad al-Mar'ah al-Arabbiyah). A taron farko na kungiyar, wanda ya samu halartar mata 800, an zabi Bisharat a matsayin shugabar kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordans first "Arab Women Federation" and its first feminist: Emily Bsharat. |url=http://fatimaabbadi.blogspot.ca/2013/05/jordanians-first-arab-women-federation.html |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=fatimaabbadi.blogspot.ca}}</ref> A karshen shekara ta 1954 kungiyar ta gabatar da wata takarda ga firaministan kasar Jordan, inda ta bukaci a ba mata damar kada kuri'a da tsayawa takara a bisa doka. A cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa, ƙungiyar ta yi aiki don inganta yawan karatun mata, ta yi gwagwarmaya don neman mata a Jordan, kuma ta ƙarfafa mata su yi amfani da 'yancinsu na siyasa gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=A History of Women's Activism in Jordan: 1946-1989 |url=https://www.7iber.com/society/a-history-of-womens-activism-in-jordan-1946-1989/ |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=7iber {{!}} حبر |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1957, kungiyar matan Larabawa ta tilasta rufe, saboda bullo da dokar yaki da ta’addanci da gwamnati ta yi wa jam’iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyin. <ref name=":2" /> Bisharat ta damu matuka game da hakkokin al'ummar Palasdinu. Bayan korar Falasdinawa da jirgin a 1948, Bisharat ya tafi Amurka don ba da tattaunawa da laccoci kan hakkokin Falasdinu. Ta rubuta labarai ga mujallar ''Alraed'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Bin Al Urdon ('yar Jordan). === Ayyukan agaji === Bisharat ta bude gidan marayu ga yaran Falasdinawa a shekarar 1948, kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa makarantar jinya ta Jordan ta farko a shekarar 1953. Taimakon taimakonta galibi yana da dabara sosai. A cewar marubuci kuma mai bincike Suhair Tal, Bisharat ta san cewa al'ummarta ba za su iya amsa da kyau ga gwagwarmayar siyasa daga mace ba, don haka ta "canza ra'ayoyinta zuwa shirye-shiryen agaji a matsayin taga don karbuwar zamantakewa". == Mutuwa == Bisharat ya mutu a shekara ta 2004. Ta ba da dukiyoyinta na JD 500,000 (kimanin dalar Amurka 700,000 <ref>{{Cite web |title=XE: Convert JOD/USD. Jordan Dinar to United States Dollar |url=http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=500,000&From=JOD&To=USD |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=www.xe.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903210741/https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=500,000&From=JOD&To=USD |url-status=dead }}</ref> ) ga ƙungiyoyin agaji daban-daban da cocin, kuma ta ba da gudummawar ɗakin karatu, injin ɗinki, na'urar buga littattafai da kayan kallo ga Cibiyar Sisterhood Is Global Institute (SIGI). == Duba kuma == * Lauyoyin mata na farko a duniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 2004]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0ah5y69zzwr49zez156h2gzcwkmwgaj 888130 888128 2026-07-27T16:04:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 888130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emily Bisharat''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2004) lauya ce dan kasar [[Jordan]], mai fafutukar siyasa kuma mai taimakon jama'a, wanda aka sani da kasancewa lauya mace ta farko a Masarautar [[Jodan|Jordan]]. Ta kafa kungiyar matan Larabawa a shekarun 1950, ta yi gwagwarmayar neman mata a kasar Jordan, kuma ta kasance mai taka-tsan-tsan a tattaunawar kasa da kasa kan hakkin Falasdinu. Ta kafa kungiyar matan Larabawa. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == PBisharat tana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu, kuma dangin mahaifinta sun fito ne daga birnin [[Al-Salt|Gishiri]], a cikin gundumar Balqa, mai tazarar kilomita 35 arewa maso yammacin [[Amman]]. A matsayinta na budurwa, Bisharat ta so zama lauya, amma ta fuskanci adawa daga mahaifinta bisa dalilin cewa matan Jordan ba su da wata sana’a banda koyarwa. Ta halarci makarantar abokai ta Ramallah, sannan ta karanci turanci a [[Syrian-Lebanese College|kwalejin Syria da Lebanon]]. A cikin shekarun 1930, Bisharat ta yi aiki a matsayin malami. Mata a kasar Jordan ba a halatta musu gado ko dukiya ba, don haka lokacin da mahaifin Bisharat ya rasu, ya bar wa ‘ya’yansa duka kudinsa maimakon ‘ya’yansa mata. Bisharat ta tanadi abin da ta samu sannan ta shiga makarantar lauya, daga karshe ta samu digirin ta na shari'a a Jami'ar Metropolitan [[Landan|London]] . == Sana'a == === Doka === Bayan ta sami digirinta na shari'a, Bisharat ta fara aikin lauya a Jordan, kuma ta zama memba a [[Jordan Bar Association|kungiyar lauyoyin Jordan]] (JBA), ta yi aiki a majalisarsu sau biyu. Ta ci gaba da taka rawar gani a taron kungiyar har zuwa karshen rayuwarta. === Harkar siyasa === A ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1954, tana da shekaru 41, Bisharat ta kafa ƙungiyar matan Larabawa (Ittihad al-Mar'ah al-Arabbiyah). A taron farko na kungiyar, wanda ya samu halartar mata 800, an zabi Bisharat a matsayin shugabar kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordans first "Arab Women Federation" and its first feminist: Emily Bsharat. |url=http://fatimaabbadi.blogspot.ca/2013/05/jordanians-first-arab-women-federation.html |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=fatimaabbadi.blogspot.ca}}</ref> A karshen shekara ta 1954 kungiyar ta gabatar da wata takarda ga firaministan kasar Jordan, inda ta bukaci a ba mata damar kada kuri'a da tsayawa takara a bisa doka. A cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa, ƙungiyar ta yi aiki don inganta yawan karatun mata, ta yi gwagwarmaya don neman mata a Jordan, kuma ta ƙarfafa mata su yi amfani da 'yancinsu na siyasa gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=A History of Women's Activism in Jordan: 1946-1989 |url=https://www.7iber.com/society/a-history-of-womens-activism-in-jordan-1946-1989/ |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=7iber {{!}} حبر |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1957, kungiyar matan Larabawa ta tilasta rufe, saboda bullo da dokar yaki da ta’addanci da gwamnati ta yi wa jam’iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyin. <ref name=":2" /> Bisharat ta damu matuka game da hakkokin al'ummar Palasdinu. Bayan korar Falasdinawa da jirgin a 1948, Bisharat ya tafi Amurka don ba da tattaunawa da laccoci kan hakkokin Falasdinu. Ta rubuta labarai ga mujallar ''Alraed'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Bin Al Urdon ('yar Jordan). === Ayyukan agaji === Bisharat ta bude gidan marayu ga yaran Falasdinawa a shekarar 1948, kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa makarantar jinya ta Jordan ta farko a shekarar 1953. Taimakon taimakonta galibi yana da dabara sosai. A cewar marubuci kuma mai bincike Suhair Tal, Bisharat ta san cewa al'ummarta ba za su iya amsa da kyau ga gwagwarmayar siyasa daga mace ba, don haka ta "canza ra'ayoyinta zuwa shirye-shiryen agaji a matsayin taga don karbuwar zamantakewa". == Mutuwa == Bisharat ya mutu a shekara ta 2004. Ta ba da dukiyoyinta na JD 500,000 (kimanin dalar Amurka 700,000 <ref>{{Cite web |title=XE: Convert JOD/USD. Jordan Dinar to United States Dollar |url=http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=500,000&From=JOD&To=USD |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=www.xe.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903210741/https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=500,000&From=JOD&To=USD |url-status=dead }}</ref> ) ga ƙungiyoyin agaji daban-daban da cocin, kuma ta ba da gudummawar ɗakin karatu, injin ɗinki, na'urar buga littattafai da kayan kallo ga Cibiyar Sisterhood Is Global Institute (SIGI). == Duba kuma == * Lauyoyin mata na farko a duniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 2004]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 16klsdz9h2znfhckmjcvb87n9ir36pi 888131 888130 2026-07-27T16:05:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 888131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emily Bisharat''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2004) lauya ce dan kasar [[Jordan]], mai fafutukar siyasa kuma mai taimakon jama'a, wanda aka sani da kasancewa lauya mace ta farko a Masarautar [[Jodan|Jordan]]. Ta kafa kungiyar matan Larabawa a shekarun 1950, ta yi gwagwarmayar neman mata a kasar Jordan, kuma ta kasance mai taka-tsan-tsan a tattaunawar kasa da kasa kan hakkin Falasdinu. Ta kafa kungiyar matan [[Larabawa]]. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == PBisharat tana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu, kuma dangin mahaifinta sun fito ne daga birnin [[Al-Salt|Gishiri]], a cikin gundumar Balqa, mai tazarar kilomita 35 arewa maso yammacin [[Amman]]. A matsayinta na budurwa, Bisharat ta so zama lauya, amma ta fuskanci adawa daga mahaifinta bisa dalilin cewa matan Jordan ba su da wata sana’a banda koyarwa. Ta halarci makarantar abokai ta Ramallah, sannan ta karanci turanci a [[Syrian-Lebanese College|kwalejin Syria da Lebanon]]. A cikin shekarun 1930, Bisharat ta yi aiki a matsayin malami. Mata a kasar Jordan ba a halatta musu gado ko dukiya ba, don haka lokacin da mahaifin Bisharat ya rasu, ya bar wa ‘ya’yansa duka kudinsa maimakon ‘ya’yansa mata. Bisharat ta tanadi abin da ta samu sannan ta shiga makarantar lauya, daga karshe ta samu digirin ta na shari'a a Jami'ar Metropolitan [[Landan|London]] . == Sana'a == === Doka === Bayan ta sami digirinta na shari'a, Bisharat ta fara aikin lauya a Jordan, kuma ta zama memba a [[Jordan Bar Association|kungiyar lauyoyin Jordan]] (JBA), ta yi aiki a majalisarsu sau biyu. Ta ci gaba da taka rawar gani a taron kungiyar har zuwa karshen rayuwarta. === Harkar siyasa === A ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1954, tana da shekaru 41, Bisharat ta kafa ƙungiyar matan Larabawa (Ittihad al-Mar'ah al-Arabbiyah). A taron farko na kungiyar, wanda ya samu halartar mata 800, an zabi Bisharat a matsayin shugabar kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordans first "Arab Women Federation" and its first feminist: Emily Bsharat. |url=http://fatimaabbadi.blogspot.ca/2013/05/jordanians-first-arab-women-federation.html |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=fatimaabbadi.blogspot.ca}}</ref> A karshen shekara ta 1954 kungiyar ta gabatar da wata takarda ga firaministan kasar Jordan, inda ta bukaci a ba mata damar kada kuri'a da tsayawa takara a bisa doka. A cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa, ƙungiyar ta yi aiki don inganta yawan karatun mata, ta yi gwagwarmaya don neman mata a Jordan, kuma ta ƙarfafa mata su yi amfani da 'yancinsu na siyasa gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=A History of Women's Activism in Jordan: 1946-1989 |url=https://www.7iber.com/society/a-history-of-womens-activism-in-jordan-1946-1989/ |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=7iber {{!}} حبر |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1957, kungiyar matan Larabawa ta tilasta rufe, saboda bullo da dokar yaki da ta’addanci da gwamnati ta yi wa jam’iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyin. <ref name=":2" /> Bisharat ta damu matuka game da hakkokin al'ummar Palasdinu. Bayan korar Falasdinawa da jirgin a 1948, Bisharat ya tafi Amurka don ba da tattaunawa da laccoci kan hakkokin Falasdinu. Ta rubuta labarai ga mujallar ''Alraed'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Bin Al Urdon ('yar Jordan). === Ayyukan agaji === Bisharat ta bude gidan marayu ga yaran Falasdinawa a shekarar 1948, kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa makarantar jinya ta Jordan ta farko a shekarar 1953. Taimakon taimakonta galibi yana da dabara sosai. A cewar marubuci kuma mai bincike Suhair Tal, Bisharat ta san cewa al'ummarta ba za su iya amsa da kyau ga gwagwarmayar siyasa daga mace ba, don haka ta "canza ra'ayoyinta zuwa shirye-shiryen agaji a matsayin taga don karbuwar zamantakewa". == Mutuwa == Bisharat ya mutu a shekara ta 2004. Ta ba da dukiyoyinta na JD 500,000 (kimanin dalar Amurka 700,000 <ref>{{Cite web |title=XE: Convert JOD/USD. Jordan Dinar to United States Dollar |url=http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=500,000&From=JOD&To=USD |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=www.xe.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903210741/https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=500,000&From=JOD&To=USD |url-status=dead }}</ref> ) ga ƙungiyoyin agaji daban-daban da cocin, kuma ta ba da gudummawar ɗakin karatu, injin ɗinki, na'urar buga littattafai da kayan kallo ga Cibiyar Sisterhood Is Global Institute (SIGI). == Duba kuma == * Lauyoyin mata na farko a duniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 2004]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g9vdsc30y7v6qitv38iginhiwcxggbe 888133 888131 2026-07-27T16:05:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 888133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emily Bisharat''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 2004) lauya ce dan kasar [[Jordan]], mai fafutukar siyasa kuma mai taimakon jama'a, wanda aka sani da kasancewa lauya mace ta farko a Masarautar [[Jodan|Jordan]]. Ta kafa kungiyar matan Larabawa a shekarun 1950, ta yi gwagwarmayar neman mata a kasar Jordan, kuma ta kasance mai taka-tsan-tsan a tattaunawar kasa da kasa kan hakkin Falasdinu. Ta kafa kungiyar matan [[Larabawa]]. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == PBisharat tana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu, kuma dangin mahaifinta sun fito ne daga birnin [[Al-Salt|Gishiri]], a cikin gundumar Balqa, mai tazarar kilomita 35 arewa maso yammacin [[Amman]]. A matsayinta na budurwa, Bisharat ta so zama lauya, amma ta fuskanci adawa daga mahaifinta bisa dalilin cewa matan Jordan ba su da wata sana’a banda koyarwa. Ta halarci makarantar abokai ta Ramallah, sannan ta karanci turanci a [[Syrian-Lebanese College|kwalejin Syria da Lebanon]]. A cikin shekarun 1930, Bisharat ta yi aiki a matsayin malami. Mata a kasar Jordan ba a halatta musu gado ko dukiya ba, don haka lokacin da mahaifin Bisharat ya rasu, ya bar wa ‘ya’yansa duka kudinsa maimakon ‘ya’yansa mata. Bisharat ta tanadi abin da ta samu sannan ta shiga makarantar lauya, daga karshe ta samu digirin ta na shari'a a Jami'ar Metropolitan [[Landan|London]] . == Sana'a == === Doka === Bayan ta sami digirinta na shari'a, Bisharat ta fara aikin lauya a Jordan, kuma ta zama memba a [[Jordan Bar Association|kungiyar lauyoyin Jordan]] (JBA), ta yi aiki a majalisarsu sau biyu. Ta ci gaba da taka rawar gani a taron kungiyar har zuwa karshen rayuwarta. === Harkar siyasa === A ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1954, tana da shekaru 41, Bisharat ta kafa ƙungiyar matan Larabawa (Ittihad al-Mar'ah al-Arabbiyah). A taron farko na kungiyar, wanda ya samu halartar mata 800, an zabi Bisharat a matsayin shugabar kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordans first "Arab Women Federation" and its first feminist: Emily Bsharat. |url=http://fatimaabbadi.blogspot.ca/2013/05/jordanians-first-arab-women-federation.html |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=fatimaabbadi.blogspot.ca}}</ref> A karshen shekara ta 1954 kungiyar ta gabatar da wata takarda ga firaministan kasar Jordan, inda ta bukaci a ba mata damar kada kuri'a da tsayawa takara a bisa doka. A cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa, ƙungiyar ta yi aiki don inganta yawan karatun mata, ta yi gwagwarmaya don neman mata a Jordan, kuma ta ƙarfafa mata su yi amfani da 'yancinsu na siyasa gaba ɗaya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=A History of Women's Activism in Jordan: 1946-1989 |url=https://www.7iber.com/society/a-history-of-womens-activism-in-jordan-1946-1989/ |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=7iber {{!}} حبر |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1957, kungiyar matan Larabawa ta tilasta rufe, saboda bullo da dokar yaki da ta’addanci da gwamnati ta yi wa jam’iyyun siyasa da kungiyoyin. <ref name=":2" /> Bisharat ta damu matuka game da hakkokin al'ummar Palasdinu. Bayan korar Falasdinawa da jirgin a 1948, Bisharat ya tafi Amurka don ba da tattaunawa da laccoci kan hakkokin Falasdinu. Ta rubuta labarai ga mujallar ''Alraed'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Bin Al Urdon ('yar Jordan). === Ayyukan agaji === Bisharat ta bude gidan marayu ga yaran Falasdinawa a shekarar 1948, kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa makarantar jinya ta Jordan ta farko a shekarar 1953. Taimakon taimakonta galibi yana da dabara sosai. A cewar marubuci kuma mai bincike Suhair Tal, Bisharat ta san cewa al'ummarta ba za su iya amsa da kyau ga gwagwarmayar siyasa daga mace ba, don haka ta "canza ra'ayoyinta zuwa shirye-shiryen agaji a matsayin taga don karbuwar zamantakewa". == Mutuwa == Bisharat ya mutu a shekara ta 2004. Ta ba da dukiyoyinta na JD 500,000 (kimanin dalar Amurka 700,000 <ref>{{Cite web |title=XE: Convert JOD/USD. Jordan Dinar to United States Dollar |url=http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=500,000&From=JOD&To=USD |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=www.xe.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903210741/https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=500,000&From=JOD&To=USD |url-status=dead }}</ref> ) ga ƙungiyoyin agaji daban-daban da cocin, kuma ta ba da gudummawar ɗakin karatu, injin ɗinki, na'urar buga littattafai da kayan kallo ga Cibiyar Sisterhood Is Global Institute (SIGI). == Duba kuma == * Lauyoyin mata na farko a duniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 2004]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g5xvucs2xbmtfjdanf8jtrb2h4kilwz 0 96712 888357 600379 2026-07-28T05:59:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Maria_Veleda,_1912.png|thumb| Maria Veleda (1912)]] [[Fayil:O_Século_jornal_feministas_sufragistas_ana_osorio_castro_maria_velela_beatriz_paes_pinheiro_lemos_clara_correia_alves_sofia_quintino_adeleide_cabete_carolina_beatriz_angelo_carmo_joaquina_lopes.jpg|thumb| Ƙari ga jaridar ''O Século'' game da zaɓe na Liga das Mulheres Republicanas, wanda aka buga a ranar Mayu 12, 1910: 5 - [[Ana de Castro Osório]] ; 6 - Maria Veleda; 7 - Beatriz Pinheiro ; 8 - Maria Clara Correia Alves ; 13 - Sofia Quintino ; 14 - [[Adelaide Cabete]] ; 15 - Carolina Beatriz Ângelo ; 16 - [[Maria do Carmo Joaquina Lopes]] .]] Maria Veleda, sunan da Maria Carolina Frederico Crispin ke amfani da shi sosai (1871-1955), malami ne na Portuguese, ɗan jarida kuma mai fafutuka. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun mata na farko a Portugal, ta yi gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin ma'aikatan masana'anta mata kuma ta ƙarfafa ilimin mata, ta ƙaddamar da Rukunin Nazarin Mata na Portuguese a 1907. Ita ce wacce ta kafa kungiyar Republican ta Matan Portugal a 1908, daga baya ta zama Shugabar Hukumar, yayin da a cikin 1915 ta inganta shigar mata cikin siyasa, ta kafa kungiyar farfagandar dimokuradiyya ta mata. [1] [2] == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 1871 a Faro, Maria Carolina Frederico Crispin 'yar João Diogo Frederico Crispim, mai mallakar gida ce, da Carlota Perpétua da Cruz Crispim. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2017 |title=Dia Internacional da Mulher |url=http://adfar.dglab.gov.pt/dia-internacional-da-mulher/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Arquivo Distrital Faro |language=pt}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 1900, ta kasance mai aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a kudancin Portugal, ta buga wakoki, labarun yara da ɗan littafin mai suna ''Emancipação Feminina'' ( [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|'Yancin Mata]] ). A cikin 1908, yayin da take aiki a matsayin malami a Cibiyar Makarantar Afonso Costa a [[Lisbon]], ta kirkiro darussan maraice kuma ta ba da laccoci na ilimi da ke ƙarfafa mata su shiga sana'a ko shiga harkokin siyasa. Musamman ta yi kira da a kada kuri’a ga mata, horar da mata da ba da ilimi, rage lokutan aiki da samun damar mata zuwa kowane irin sana’a. <ref name="sap">{{Cite web |date=19 March 2015 |title=Maria Veleda e as mulheres portuguesas do séc. XXI |url=https://sapientia.ualg.pt/bitstream/10400.1/5896/1/Veleda%20UALG%202015%20-%20A.pdf |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Universidade do Algarve |language=pt}}</ref> Ta zama memba na Republican League of Portuguese Women (RLPW). A shekara mai zuwa, a kan shirinta, RLPW ta kafa Obra Maternal, wani shiri na tallafawa kulawa da ilmantar da mabukata ko yaran da aka yi watsi da su. A cikin 1912, an nada ta a matsayin wakiliyar Cibiyar Kula da Yara ta Lisbon, matsayin da ta ci gaba har zuwa 1941. <ref name="cdoc">{{Cite web |last=Monteiro, Natividade |title=Maria Veleda |url=https://www.cdocfeminista.org/maria-veleda/ |access-date=23 May 2020 |publisher=Centro de documentação e arquivo feminista Elina Guimarães |language=Portuguese |archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928113418/https://www.cdocfeminista.org/maria-veleda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="ns">{{Cite web |title=Maria Veleda |url=http://biografias.netsaber.com.br/biografia-3381/biografia-de-maria-veleda |access-date=24 May 2020 |publisher=Netsaber Biografias |language=pt}}</ref> A cikin Yuni 1913, ita, Ana Augusta de Castilho, Beatriz Pinheiro, [[Lutegarda Guimarães na Alkahira|Luthgarda de Caires]] da Joana de Almeida Nogueira sun kasance cikin tawagar Portuguese a taron Bakwai na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Duniya a [[Budapest]] . <ref name="fer2017">{{Cite journal |last=FERREIRA SILVEIRA |first=ANABELA |date=2017 |title=O PROTAGONISMO DE BEATRIZ PINHEIRO NA REVISTA VISEENSE AVE AZUL (1899-1900) |journal=Historiæ, Rio Grande |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=77–95}}</ref> A cikin 1915, Veleda ta kafa Ƙungiyar Farfagandar Mata ta Mata (Associação Feminina de Propaganda Democrática), wanda aka tsara don ƙarfafa mata su zama masu tunani masu 'yanci da kuma yaki da rashin daidaito da kuma soja. <ref name="dg">{{Cite web |title=Maria Veleda (1871-1955) |url=https://debategraph.org/Details.aspx?nid=383414 |access-date=23 May 2020 |publisher=Debate Graph |language=}}</ref> Ta ji haushin tashin hankalin sabuwar gwamnatin jamhuriya, ta yi watsi da siyasa a 1921. Madadin haka, ta juya zuwa ruhaniyanci, ta kafa Ruhaniya Ruhaniya Haske da Ƙauna (Grupo Espiritualista Luz e Amor), ta shirya Majalisar Ruhaniya ta Portuguese (1925), kuma ta ba da gudummawar labarai ga latsawa na ruhaniya. <ref name="ns"/> Maria Veleda ta mutu a Lisbon a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1955. <ref name="dg"/> <ref name="sap"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1871]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 1955]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 94f4mv26h2olwmf4si4ku87f1lajsh8 0 96804 888119 878757 2026-07-27T15:44:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau (Yuli 5, shekara ta 1905 – 1970) [1] [2] majagaba ce masanin zamantakewar Haiti kuma malami. A cikin shekara ta 1934, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan waɗanda suka kafa Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (Women's Social Action League), ƙungiyar mata ta farko da ta yi rajista a Haiti. [3] [4] == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta a ranar 5 ga Yuli shekara ta 1905 a [[Port-au-Prince]], ita 'yar mawaƙi ce kuma jami'in diflomasiyya Georges Sylvain da matarsa Eugénie Mallebranche. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau |url=http://www.haiti-reference.com/notables/getperson.php?personID=I105&tree=Chercheurs |access-date=14 February 2016 |publisher=Haiti-Référence |language=French |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330200218/https://www.haiti-reference.com/notables/getperson.php?personID=I105&tree=Chercheurs |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dalibai haziki, ta yi karatu a Haiti, [[Puerto Rico]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], ta kammala karatun lauya a Jami'ar Haiti a cikin shekara ta 1933, tana karatun ilimi da ilimin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Puerto-Rico (1936-38) da kuma Kwalejin Bryn Mawr, [[Pennsylvania]], inda ta sami digiri na uku a fannin zamantakewa a shekara ta 1941. Rubutun ta ''Haïti et ses femmes.'' An buga ''Une étude d'évolution culturelle'' (Haiti da Matansa. Nazarin Juyin Juyin Halitta) a cikin shekara ta 1957. Aikinta na ilimi ya fara ne a cikin shekara ta 1941 lokacin da ta koyar a Cibiyar Haiti ta Haiti, ta ci gaba a shekara ta 1945 a Makarantar Aikin Noma ta Kasa da Jami'ar Fisk. Ta kasance memba mai girma na Delta Sigma Theta sorority. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Susan B. Anthony don aikinta ''L'Éducation des Femmes en Haïti'' (The Education of Women in Haiti). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau |url=https://www.haiticulture.ch/Madeleine_Sylvain-Bouchereau.html |access-date=3 December 2021 |website=Haiti Culture |language=French}}</ref> Tare da ra'ayi don inganta yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ga mata, tare da wasu mata da yawa daga babba da na tsakiya, ta kafa ''Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale'' ( [[Kungiyar Mata ta Ayyukan Jama'a|League League for Social Action]] ). Sylvain-Bouchereau ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da gudummawa ga ''La Voix des Femmes'', mujallar kungiyar. <ref name="dr">{{Cite web |last=Dorce, Ricarson |title=Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau, Haïti (1903-1970) |url=http://citoyennes.pressbooks.com/chapter/madeleine-sylvain-haiti/ |access-date=14 February 2016 |publisher=Citoyennes |language=French |archive-date=22 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222020233/http://citoyennes.pressbooks.com/chapter/madeleine-sylvain-haiti/ |url-status=dead }} [[Rukuni:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> == Haɗin kai na duniya == Aikin Sylvain-Bouchereau na kasa da kasa ya fara ne a cikin shekara ta 1937 lokacin da ta kasance wakiliyar Haiti a taron Inter-American na Uku kan Ilimi. Ta kasance farkon mai shiga cikin aikin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], tana shirya ayyukan zamantakewa ga fursunonin siyasa na Poland a shekara ta 1944. Ta zauna a kwamitin farko na 'yancin mata kuma, daga 1952 zuwa shekara ta 1956, ta taimaka wa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci wajen ba da darussan ilimi a [[Kwapanhagan|Copenhagen]] da [[Hamburg]]. Daga shekara ta 1966 zuwa shekara ta 1968, Sylvain-Bouchereau ya kasance mai ba gwamnatin Togo shawara kan ci gaban al'umma. <ref name="jcl">{{Cite web |last=Claude-Narcisse, Jasmine |year=1997 |title=Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau |url=http://www.haiticulture.ch/Madeleine_Sylvain-Bouchereau.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217045933/http://www.haiticulture.ch/Madeleine_Sylvain-Bouchereau.html |archive-date=17 February 2016 |access-date=14 February 2016 |publisher=Haiticulture.ch |language=French}} [[Rukuni:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Sylvain-Bouchereau yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ’yan’uwa bakwai. Yayarta, Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvain (1898-1975), ita ce mace ta farko a Haiti ƙwararren ɗan adam, yayin da kanwarta, Yvonne Sylvain (1907-1989), ita ce likita ta farko a ƙasar. Ɗan'uwanta, Normil Sylvain (1900-1929), ya kafa ''La Revue indigène'' wanda ya buga waƙar Haiti na asali da [[Adabi|wallafe-wallafen Haiti]] . Ƙaninta, Pierre Sylvain (1910-1991), masanin ilmin halitta, ya ba da rahoto game da samar da kofi a Habasha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvan Papers M1835 |url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8k074wr/entire_text/ |access-date=14 February 2016 |publisher=Online Archive of California |language=}}</ref> Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau ya mutu a cikin 1970 a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] . <ref name="jcl"/> == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == * Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine (1944), Education des femmes en Haïti, Port-au-Prince, Imp. da l'ta. * Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine (1944), Lecture Haïtienne : La Famille Renaud, Port-au-Prince, Bugun Henri Deschamps. * Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine (1946), "Les Droits des femmes et la nouvelle constitution", in La Femme haïtienne répond aux attaques formulées contre elle à l'Assemblée constituante, Port-au-Prince, Société d'Editions et de Librairie. * Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine (1950), "La Classe moyenne en Haïti", in Matériaux pour l'étude de la classe moyenne en Amérique Latine, Washington, Département des Sciences sociales de l'union panaméricaine. * Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine (1957), Haïti et ses femmes. Une étude d'évolution culturelle, Port-au-Prince, Les Presses Libres. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * [https://citoyennes.pressbooks.com/chapter/madeleine-sylvain-haiti/ Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau, Haite] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330221509/https://citoyennes.pressbooks.com/chapter/madeleine-sylvain-haiti/ |date=2019-03-30 }} ta Ricarson Dorce [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1970]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qf6jq4vn502r0zpgqzb9405u3nx8p6l 0 97519 888328 677052 2026-07-27T22:31:11Z BNUBashirnuhuusman 45689 Nayi gyara 888328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Wooden seats at Finima Nature Park, Finima, Bonny, Rivers State.jpg|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na Finima]]   [[Fayil:Wooden_seats_at_Finima_Nature_Park,_Finima,_Bonny,_Rivers_State.jpg|thumb|Gidan Shakatawa na Finima]] '''Gidan shakatawa na Finima''' wani wurin shakatawa ne a Tsibirin Bonny, Jihar Rivers, [[Najeriya]] wanda ke rufe yanki na kimanin 1000 ha (3.9 sq mi). Kamfanin Liquefied Natural Gas Limited ne ya kafa shi a cikin 1999 tare da manufar kiyaye yanayi da bambancin halittu a yankin. == Muhalli == Yankin ajiyar Finima ya rufe da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da wuraren da ke cikin mangrove, wasu sassan suna dauke da [[yashi]] tare da tafkunan Ruwa mai laushi da katako mai tsawo tsakanin wuraren da ke da rairayin bakin teku. === Tsire-tsire === Shuke-shuke na wurin shakatawa ya ci gaba da bunkasa ya zama babban [[Gandun Daji|gandun daji]] idan aka yi la'akari da hanyar da ya fara a 1999. Akwai hawa biyu da za a iya rarrabe su daga waje da [[Gandun Daji|gandun daji]], masu tasowa sun haɗa da ''Symphonia globulifera'', ''[[Cleistopholis patens]]'', ''Uapaca'' spp., ''Musanga cecropioides'', ''[[Ganyen gori|Hallea ledermannii]]'', Terminalia spp., ''Anthostema aubryanum'', ''[[Tak|Tectona grandis]]'' da ''Elaeis guineensis'' . Yankin ya ƙunshi ''Calamus deeratus'', ''Alchornea cordifolia'', ''Monodora tenuifolia'', ''[[Alillibar rafi|Harungana madagascariensis]]'', ''Strophanthus preciossii'', ''Rauvolfia vomitoria'' da Raphia spp. The interior of the forest is very shady, and as a result a wide variety of shade tolerant forbs (e.g. ''Nephrolepis biserrata'', ''Culcasia scandens'', ''[[Bulsulum fage|Laportea]]'' spp., ''Chromolaena odorata'', ''Aframomum melegueta'' and ''Costus afer'') and various sedges form thickets on the forest floor. By dry season, large cushion of litter cover the floor because of increase in abscission rate of some plants such as ''Musanga cecropioides'', ''Hallea ledermannii'', ''Calamus deeratus'', ''[[Malaina|Gmelina arborea]]'', ''Raphia'' spp. and ''Elaeis guineensis''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}}. === Dabbobi === Finima Nature Park gida ne ga wasu nau'ikan namun daji masu daraja, dabbobi masu shayarwa iri-iri, tsuntsaye da Dabbobi masu rarrafe ciki har da crocodiles, macizai da alligators. Shafin wurin shakatawa na yanayi shine wurin zama na halitta na Hippopotamuses na ruwan gishiri. masu kula da wurin shakatawa ne ke kare yankin kuma an haramta [[farauta]].   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|finimanaturepark.com}} * https://www.nigerialng.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516022441/http://www.nigerialng.com/ |date=2015-05-16 }} {{Commonscat|Finima Nature Park}}{{Rivers State}} [[Rukuni:Gidan shakatawa]] [[Rukuni:Nigeria]] htkzggaatvwxacpjjimvjkywv63p9v4 0 97816 888161 606430 2026-07-27T16:15:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 888161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jaridar Maryland Suffrage News''' wata jarida ce ta mako-mako da aka kafa a Baltimore, Maryland a cikin 1912 [1] ta Edith Houghton Hooker a matsayin muryar Just Government League (JGL) na Maryland, ƙungiyar masu neman zaɓen mata da ta kafa a 1909. [2] Hooker ita ce editan takarda kuma Dora G. Ogle ita ce manajan kasuwanci, yayin da Hooker da mijinta, Donald R. Hooker, suka ba da babban tallafin kuɗi. Membobin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Amirka (NAWSA) za su iya biyan kuɗi zuwa Jaridar Mata ta kasa (Boston) da Maryland Suffrage News a lokaci guda, amma Maryland Suffrage News kuma yana samuwa ta hanyar biyan kuɗi daban-daban. [3] Daga ƙarshe, JGL ta haɗu da Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa, ƙungiyar da ke ba da shawarar yin zabe ta hanyar gyaran majalisa, matakin da ya kai ga janyewa daga NAWSA. [4] == Tarihi == An buga fitowar farko na ''Labaran Suffrage na Maryland'' a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1912. Nan da nan jaridar ta zama muryar farar fata na mata a Maryland, tunda sauran jaridu na gama gari, irin su ''Baltimore Sun'' da takaddun gida, ba koyaushe suke bugawa ko kula da labarai masu alaƙa da zaɓe ba. Yayin da yawancin masu biyan kuɗi ke zaune a Maryland, takardar tana da suna na ƙasa tare da masu karatu a Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, da California. Wadanda suka halarci takardar sun kasance mata farar fata na tsakiya da babba da magoya bayansu. Ko da yake JGL ta buga jaridar kuma ta inganta ra'ayoyin siyasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi daidai da abin da Edith Hooker ya yi, ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ya yi aiki don gina al'umma a tsakanin wasu nau'o'in zaɓe na mata daga waje da kuma fadin jihar, da kuma inganta [[Zaɓen Mata|yunkurin mata]] a fadin jihar. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' a kai a kai na buga labarai da bayanai daga wasu ƙungiyoyin neman zaɓe, irin su Maryland Women's Suffrage League da the State Franchise League, da kuma ƙungiyoyin zaɓe na cikin gida ba tare da la'akari da alaƙar jaha ko ƙasa ba. Jaridar ta gabatar da labarai, bayanai, editoci, da kuma hotunan yunkurin zaben a matakin kananan hukumomi, jiha, da kasa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta yi aiki ba kawai a matsayin tushen ilimi ga mata masu karatu ba, har ma a matsayin ƙarfin ƙarfafawa ta hanyar ba da shawarwari masu amfani kan yadda ake tsarawa da muhawara kan gyaran zaɓe. Masanin tarihi Diane Weaver ya rubuta cewa, "Masu gyara ''Labarai na Suffrage'' tun da farko sun ɓullo da 'Masu Magana,' da kuma ginshiƙai don horar da masu ba da shawara don yin magana game da haɗin kai tsakanin gida, gwagwarmaya, da zaɓe." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Diane E. |date=1992 |title=Maryland Women and the Transformation of Politics, 1890s-1930 |url=https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/20232/1169853.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=22 April 2019 |website=Digital Repository at the University of Maryland |publisher=University of Maryland |page=93}}</ref> Lokacin da aka amince da Kwaskwarima na Goma sha Tara ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a cikin 1920, ''Labarin Suffrage na Maryland'' ya daina bugawa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta ba da shawarar kafa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓe ta Maryland, wadda aka shirya a 1921 kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta fara buga ''Maryland Voter'' . Edith Houghton Hooker kuma ya zama editan Mujallar Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa, ''The Suffragist'', wanda ya fara a cikin 1917 sannan daga baya buga ''Hakkokin Daidaitawa'' har zuwa 1934. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:"Yancin kada kuri’a na mata a Maryland.]] 4f2mqo4svvy1kwrq40ya5007bdd0kf6 888164 888161 2026-07-27T16:15:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 888164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jaridar Maryland Suffrage News''' wata jarida ce ta mako-mako da aka kafa a Baltimore, Maryland a cikin 1912 [1] ta Edith Houghton Hooker a matsayin muryar Just Government League (JGL) na Maryland, ƙungiyar masu neman zaɓen mata da ta kafa a 1909. Hooker ita ce editan takarda kuma Dora G. Ogle ita ce manajan kasuwanci, yayin da Hooker da mijinta, Donald R. Hooker, suka ba da babban tallafin kuɗi. Membobin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Amirka (NAWSA) za su iya biyan kuɗi zuwa Jaridar Mata ta kasa (Boston) da Maryland Suffrage News a lokaci guda, amma Maryland Suffrage News kuma yana samuwa ta hanyar biyan kuɗi daban-daban. [3] Daga ƙarshe, JGL ta haɗu da Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa, ƙungiyar da ke ba da shawarar yin zabe ta hanyar gyaran majalisa, matakin da ya kai ga janyewa daga NAWSA. == Tarihi == An buga fitowar farko na ''Labaran Suffrage na Maryland'' a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1912. Nan da nan jaridar ta zama muryar farar fata na mata a Maryland, tunda sauran jaridu na gama gari, irin su ''Baltimore Sun'' da takaddun gida, ba koyaushe suke bugawa ko kula da labarai masu alaƙa da zaɓe ba. Yayin da yawancin masu biyan kuɗi ke zaune a Maryland, takardar tana da suna na ƙasa tare da masu karatu a Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, da California. Wadanda suka halarci takardar sun kasance mata farar fata na tsakiya da babba da magoya bayansu. Ko da yake JGL ta buga jaridar kuma ta inganta ra'ayoyin siyasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi daidai da abin da Edith Hooker ya yi, ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ya yi aiki don gina al'umma a tsakanin wasu nau'o'in zaɓe na mata daga waje da kuma fadin jihar, da kuma inganta [[Zaɓen Mata|yunkurin mata]] a fadin jihar. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' a kai a kai na buga labarai da bayanai daga wasu ƙungiyoyin neman zaɓe, irin su Maryland Women's Suffrage League da the State Franchise League, da kuma ƙungiyoyin zaɓe na cikin gida ba tare da la'akari da alaƙar jaha ko ƙasa ba. Jaridar ta gabatar da labarai, bayanai, editoci, da kuma hotunan yunkurin zaben a matakin kananan hukumomi, jiha, da kasa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta yi aiki ba kawai a matsayin tushen ilimi ga mata masu karatu ba, har ma a matsayin ƙarfin ƙarfafawa ta hanyar ba da shawarwari masu amfani kan yadda ake tsarawa da muhawara kan gyaran zaɓe. Masanin tarihi Diane Weaver ya rubuta cewa, "Masu gyara ''Labarai na Suffrage'' tun da farko sun ɓullo da 'Masu Magana,' da kuma ginshiƙai don horar da masu ba da shawara don yin magana game da haɗin kai tsakanin gida, gwagwarmaya, da zaɓe." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Diane E. |date=1992 |title=Maryland Women and the Transformation of Politics, 1890s-1930 |url=https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/20232/1169853.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=22 April 2019 |website=Digital Repository at the University of Maryland |publisher=University of Maryland |page=93}}</ref> Lokacin da aka amince da Kwaskwarima na Goma sha Tara ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a cikin 1920, ''Labarin Suffrage na Maryland'' ya daina bugawa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta ba da shawarar kafa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓe ta Maryland, wadda aka shirya a 1921 kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta fara buga ''Maryland Voter'' . Edith Houghton Hooker kuma ya zama editan Mujallar Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa, ''The Suffragist'', wanda ya fara a cikin 1917 sannan daga baya buga ''Hakkokin Daidaitawa'' har zuwa 1934. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:"Yancin kada kuri’a na mata a Maryland.]] 1l68pklhhks02dmwyj9c7aketm3c2nr 888165 888164 2026-07-27T16:16:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 888165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jaridar Maryland Suffrage News''' wata jarida ce ta mako-mako da aka kafa a Baltimore, Maryland a cikin 1912 ta Edith Houghton Hooker a matsayin muryar Just Government League (JGL) na Maryland, ƙungiyar masu neman zaɓen mata da ta kafa a 1909. Hooker ita ce editan takarda kuma Dora G. Ogle ita ce manajan kasuwanci, yayin da Hooker da mijinta, Donald R. Hooker, suka ba da babban tallafin kuɗi. Membobin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Amirka (NAWSA) za su iya biyan kuɗi zuwa Jaridar Mata ta kasa (Boston) da Maryland Suffrage News a lokaci guda, amma Maryland Suffrage News kuma yana samuwa ta hanyar biyan kuɗi daban-daban. [3] Daga ƙarshe, JGL ta haɗu da Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa, ƙungiyar da ke ba da shawarar yin zabe ta hanyar gyaran majalisa, matakin da ya kai ga janyewa daga NAWSA. == Tarihi == An buga fitowar farko na ''Labaran Suffrage na Maryland'' a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1912. Nan da nan jaridar ta zama muryar farar fata na mata a Maryland, tunda sauran jaridu na gama gari, irin su ''Baltimore Sun'' da takaddun gida, ba koyaushe suke bugawa ko kula da labarai masu alaƙa da zaɓe ba. Yayin da yawancin masu biyan kuɗi ke zaune a Maryland, takardar tana da suna na ƙasa tare da masu karatu a Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, da California. Wadanda suka halarci takardar sun kasance mata farar fata na tsakiya da babba da magoya bayansu. Ko da yake JGL ta buga jaridar kuma ta inganta ra'ayoyin siyasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi daidai da abin da Edith Hooker ya yi, ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ya yi aiki don gina al'umma a tsakanin wasu nau'o'in zaɓe na mata daga waje da kuma fadin jihar, da kuma inganta [[Zaɓen Mata|yunkurin mata]] a fadin jihar. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' a kai a kai na buga labarai da bayanai daga wasu ƙungiyoyin neman zaɓe, irin su Maryland Women's Suffrage League da the State Franchise League, da kuma ƙungiyoyin zaɓe na cikin gida ba tare da la'akari da alaƙar jaha ko ƙasa ba. Jaridar ta gabatar da labarai, bayanai, editoci, da kuma hotunan yunkurin zaben a matakin kananan hukumomi, jiha, da kasa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta yi aiki ba kawai a matsayin tushen ilimi ga mata masu karatu ba, har ma a matsayin ƙarfin ƙarfafawa ta hanyar ba da shawarwari masu amfani kan yadda ake tsarawa da muhawara kan gyaran zaɓe. Masanin tarihi Diane Weaver ya rubuta cewa, "Masu gyara ''Labarai na Suffrage'' tun da farko sun ɓullo da 'Masu Magana,' da kuma ginshiƙai don horar da masu ba da shawara don yin magana game da haɗin kai tsakanin gida, gwagwarmaya, da zaɓe." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Diane E. |date=1992 |title=Maryland Women and the Transformation of Politics, 1890s-1930 |url=https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/20232/1169853.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=22 April 2019 |website=Digital Repository at the University of Maryland |publisher=University of Maryland |page=93}}</ref> Lokacin da aka amince da Kwaskwarima na Goma sha Tara ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a cikin 1920, ''Labarin Suffrage na Maryland'' ya daina bugawa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta ba da shawarar kafa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓe ta Maryland, wadda aka shirya a 1921 kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta fara buga ''Maryland Voter'' . Edith Houghton Hooker kuma ya zama editan Mujallar Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa, ''The Suffragist'', wanda ya fara a cikin 1917 sannan daga baya buga ''Hakkokin Daidaitawa'' har zuwa 1934. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:"Yancin kada kuri’a na mata a Maryland.]] 3ubd05vifhzki379c6bjjsnhnuu85y7 888166 888165 2026-07-27T16:16:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 888166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jaridar Maryland Suffrage News''' wata jarida ce ta mako-mako da aka kafa a Baltimore, Maryland a cikin 1912 ta Edith Houghton Hooker a matsayin muryar Just Government League (JGL) na Maryland, ƙungiyar masu neman zaɓen mata da ta kafa a 1909. Hooker ita ce editan takarda kuma Dora G. Ogle ita ce manajan kasuwanci, yayin da Hooker da mijinta, Donald R. Hooker, suka ba da babban tallafin kuɗi. Membobin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta Amirka (NAWSA) za su iya biyan kuɗi zuwa Jaridar Mata ta kasa (Boston) da Maryland Suffrage News a lokaci guda, amma Maryland Suffrage News kuma yana samuwa ta hanyar biyan kuɗi daban-daban. Daga ƙarshe, JGL ta haɗu da Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa, ƙungiyar da ke ba da shawarar yin zabe ta hanyar gyaran majalisa, matakin da ya kai ga janyewa daga NAWSA. == Tarihi == An buga fitowar farko na ''Labaran Suffrage na Maryland'' a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1912. Nan da nan jaridar ta zama muryar farar fata na mata a Maryland, tunda sauran jaridu na gama gari, irin su ''Baltimore Sun'' da takaddun gida, ba koyaushe suke bugawa ko kula da labarai masu alaƙa da zaɓe ba. Yayin da yawancin masu biyan kuɗi ke zaune a Maryland, takardar tana da suna na ƙasa tare da masu karatu a Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, da California. Wadanda suka halarci takardar sun kasance mata farar fata na tsakiya da babba da magoya bayansu. Ko da yake JGL ta buga jaridar kuma ta inganta ra'ayoyin siyasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi daidai da abin da Edith Hooker ya yi, ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ya yi aiki don gina al'umma a tsakanin wasu nau'o'in zaɓe na mata daga waje da kuma fadin jihar, da kuma inganta [[Zaɓen Mata|yunkurin mata]] a fadin jihar. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' a kai a kai na buga labarai da bayanai daga wasu ƙungiyoyin neman zaɓe, irin su Maryland Women's Suffrage League da the State Franchise League, da kuma ƙungiyoyin zaɓe na cikin gida ba tare da la'akari da alaƙar jaha ko ƙasa ba. Jaridar ta gabatar da labarai, bayanai, editoci, da kuma hotunan yunkurin zaben a matakin kananan hukumomi, jiha, da kasa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta yi aiki ba kawai a matsayin tushen ilimi ga mata masu karatu ba, har ma a matsayin ƙarfin ƙarfafawa ta hanyar ba da shawarwari masu amfani kan yadda ake tsarawa da muhawara kan gyaran zaɓe. Masanin tarihi Diane Weaver ya rubuta cewa, "Masu gyara ''Labarai na Suffrage'' tun da farko sun ɓullo da 'Masu Magana,' da kuma ginshiƙai don horar da masu ba da shawara don yin magana game da haɗin kai tsakanin gida, gwagwarmaya, da zaɓe." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Diane E. |date=1992 |title=Maryland Women and the Transformation of Politics, 1890s-1930 |url=https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/20232/1169853.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=22 April 2019 |website=Digital Repository at the University of Maryland |publisher=University of Maryland |page=93}}</ref> Lokacin da aka amince da Kwaskwarima na Goma sha Tara ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a cikin 1920, ''Labarin Suffrage na Maryland'' ya daina bugawa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta ba da shawarar kafa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓe ta Maryland, wadda aka shirya a 1921 kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta fara buga ''Maryland Voter'' . Edith Houghton Hooker kuma ya zama editan Mujallar Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa, ''The Suffragist'', wanda ya fara a cikin 1917 sannan daga baya buga ''Hakkokin Daidaitawa'' har zuwa 1934. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:"Yancin kada kuri’a na mata a Maryland.]] km8m2bd1ug2op7bw173u6h7wk2x90bj 888168 888166 2026-07-27T16:17:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 888168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jaridar Maryland Suffrage News''' wata jarida ce ta mako-mako da aka kafa a Baltimore, Maryland a cikin 1912 ta Edith Houghton Hooker a matsayin muryar Just Government League (JGL) na Maryland, ƙungiyar masu neman zaɓen mata da ta kafa a 1909. Hooker ita ce editan takarda kuma Dora G. Ogle ita ce manajan kasuwanci, yayin da Hooker da mijinta, Donald R. Hooker, suka ba da babban tallafin kuɗi. Membobin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta [[Amurka]] (NAWSA) za su iya biyan kuɗi zuwa Jaridar Mata ta kasa (Boston) da Maryland Suffrage News a lokaci guda, amma Maryland Suffrage News kuma yana samuwa ta hanyar biyan kuɗi daban-daban. Daga ƙarshe, JGL ta haɗu da Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa, ƙungiyar da ke ba da shawarar yin zabe ta hanyar gyaran majalisa, matakin da ya kai ga janyewa daga NAWSA. == Tarihi == An buga fitowar farko na ''Labaran Suffrage na Maryland'' a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1912. Nan da nan jaridar ta zama muryar farar fata na mata a Maryland, tunda sauran jaridu na gama gari, irin su ''Baltimore Sun'' da takaddun gida, ba koyaushe suke bugawa ko kula da labarai masu alaƙa da zaɓe ba. Yayin da yawancin masu biyan kuɗi ke zaune a Maryland, takardar tana da suna na ƙasa tare da masu karatu a Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, da California. Wadanda suka halarci takardar sun kasance mata farar fata na tsakiya da babba da magoya bayansu. Ko da yake JGL ta buga jaridar kuma ta inganta ra'ayoyin siyasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi daidai da abin da Edith Hooker ya yi, ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ya yi aiki don gina al'umma a tsakanin wasu nau'o'in zaɓe na mata daga waje da kuma fadin jihar, da kuma inganta [[Zaɓen Mata|yunkurin mata]] a fadin jihar. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' a kai a kai na buga labarai da bayanai daga wasu ƙungiyoyin neman zaɓe, irin su Maryland Women's Suffrage League da the State Franchise League, da kuma ƙungiyoyin zaɓe na cikin gida ba tare da la'akari da alaƙar jaha ko ƙasa ba. Jaridar ta gabatar da labarai, bayanai, editoci, da kuma hotunan yunkurin zaben a matakin kananan hukumomi, jiha, da kasa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta yi aiki ba kawai a matsayin tushen ilimi ga mata masu karatu ba, har ma a matsayin ƙarfin ƙarfafawa ta hanyar ba da shawarwari masu amfani kan yadda ake tsarawa da muhawara kan gyaran zaɓe. Masanin tarihi Diane Weaver ya rubuta cewa, "Masu gyara ''Labarai na Suffrage'' tun da farko sun ɓullo da 'Masu Magana,' da kuma ginshiƙai don horar da masu ba da shawara don yin magana game da haɗin kai tsakanin gida, gwagwarmaya, da zaɓe." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Diane E. |date=1992 |title=Maryland Women and the Transformation of Politics, 1890s-1930 |url=https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/20232/1169853.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=22 April 2019 |website=Digital Repository at the University of Maryland |publisher=University of Maryland |page=93}}</ref> Lokacin da aka amince da Kwaskwarima na Goma sha Tara ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a cikin 1920, ''Labarin Suffrage na Maryland'' ya daina bugawa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta ba da shawarar kafa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓe ta Maryland, wadda aka shirya a 1921 kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta fara buga ''Maryland Voter'' . Edith Houghton Hooker kuma ya zama editan Mujallar Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa, ''The Suffragist'', wanda ya fara a cikin 1917 sannan daga baya buga ''Hakkokin Daidaitawa'' har zuwa 1934. == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:"Yancin kada kuri’a na mata a Maryland.]] eyqitb30ddqabjtfl45cnzip1vq9mxc 888169 888168 2026-07-27T16:18:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 888169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jaridar Maryland Suffrage News''' wata jarida ce ta mako-mako da aka kafa a Baltimore, Maryland a cikin 1912 ta Edith Houghton Hooker a matsayin muryar Just Government League (JGL) na Maryland, ƙungiyar masu neman zaɓen mata da ta kafa a 1909. Hooker ita ce editan takarda kuma Dora G. Ogle ita ce manajan kasuwanci, yayin da Hooker da mijinta, Donald R. Hooker, suka ba da babban tallafin kuɗi. Membobin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata ta [[Amurka]] (NAWSA) za su iya biyan kuɗi zuwa Jaridar Mata ta kasa (Boston) da Maryland Suffrage News a lokaci guda, amma Maryland Suffrage News kuma yana samuwa ta hanyar biyan kuɗi daban-daban. Daga ƙarshe, JGL ta haɗu da Jam'iyyar Mata ta Ƙasa, ƙungiyar da ke ba da shawarar yin zabe ta hanyar gyaran majalisa, matakin da ya kai ga janyewa daga NAWSA. == Tarihi == An buga fitowar farko na ''Labaran Suffrage na Maryland'' a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1912. Nan da nan jaridar ta zama muryar farar fata na mata a Maryland, tunda sauran jaridu na gama gari, irin su ''Baltimore Sun'' da takaddun gida, ba koyaushe suke bugawa ko kula da labarai masu alaƙa da zaɓe ba. Yayin da yawancin masu biyan kuɗi ke zaune a Maryland, takardar tana da suna na ƙasa tare da masu karatu a Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, da California. Wadanda suka halarci takardar sun kasance mata farar fata na tsakiya da babba da magoya bayansu. Ko da yake JGL ta buga jaridar kuma ta inganta ra'ayoyin siyasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi daidai da abin da Edith Hooker ya yi, ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ya yi aiki don gina al'umma a tsakanin wasu nau'o'in zaɓe na mata daga waje da kuma fadin jihar, da kuma inganta [[Zaɓen Mata|yunkurin mata]] a fadin jihar. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' a kai a kai na buga labarai da bayanai daga wasu ƙungiyoyin neman zaɓe, irin su Maryland Women's Suffrage League da the State Franchise League, da kuma ƙungiyoyin zaɓe na cikin gida ba tare da la'akari da alaƙar jaha ko ƙasa ba. Jaridar ta gabatar da labarai, bayanai, editoci, da kuma hotunan yunkurin zaben a matakin kananan hukumomi, jiha, da kasa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta yi aiki ba kawai a matsayin tushen ilimi ga mata masu karatu ba, har ma a matsayin ƙarfin ƙarfafawa ta hanyar ba da shawarwari masu amfani kan yadda ake tsarawa da muhawara kan gyaran zaɓe. Masanin tarihi Diane Weaver ya rubuta cewa, "Masu gyara ''Labarai na Suffrage'' tun da farko sun ɓullo da 'Masu Magana,' da kuma ginshiƙai don horar da masu ba da shawara don yin magana game da haɗin kai tsakanin gida, gwagwarmaya, da zaɓe." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Diane E. |date=1992 |title=Maryland Women and the Transformation of Politics, 1890s-1930 |url=https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/20232/1169853.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=22 April 2019 |website=Digital Repository at the University of Maryland |publisher=University of Maryland |page=93}}</ref> Lokacin da aka amince da Kwaskwarima na Goma sha Tara ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a cikin 1920, ''Labarin Suffrage na Maryland'' ya daina bugawa. Jaridar ''Maryland Suffrage News'' ta ba da shawarar kafa Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Zaɓe ta Maryland, wadda aka shirya a 1921 kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta fara buga ''Maryland Voter'' . Edith Houghton Hooker kuma ya zama editan Mujallar Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa, ''The Suffragist'', wanda ya fara a cikin 1917 sannan daga baya buga ''Hakkokin Daidaitawa'' har zuwa 1934. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<references /> [[Rukuni:"Yancin kada kuri’a na mata a Maryland.]] fycpbt5gc60e87m355hi72sbjoxgl1r 0 98646 888394 836486 2026-07-28T09:59:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marufatu Abiola Bawuah''' (an Haife shi 25 Satumban shekarar1968) yar Ghana ce mai bada gudanarwar kudi kuma 'yar kasuwa . A cikin shekarar 2014, ta zama manajan darakta / babban jami'in gudanarwa na [[United Bank for Africa|bankin United Bank for Africa]], wanda ya sa ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin. Ta samu lambobin yabo da dama kan aikinta da suka haɗa da shekarar 2016 Chartered Institute of Marketing Ghana Marketing Woman of the Year da kuma lambar yabo ta Kudi ta shekara a Asusun Asusun Ghana da Kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From table-top groundnut seller to Regional CEO of UBA – Story of Abiola M. Bawuah |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/January-14th/from-table-top-groundnut-seller-to-regional-ceo-of-uba-story-of-abiolambawuah.php |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |archive-date=2019-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905091933/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/january-14th/from-table-top-groundnut-seller-to-regional-ceo-of-uba-story-of-abiolambawuah.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-30 |title=Meet Marufatu Abiola Bawuah, the woman who went from being a table-top groundnut seller to a Regional CEO of UBA |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/meet-marufatu-abiola-bawuah-the-woman-who-went-from-being-a-table-top-groundnut/8fm7g7q |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.pulse.com.gh |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406065438/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/meet-marufatu-abiola-bawuah-the-woman-who-went-from-being-a-table-top-groundnut/8fm7g7q |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=UBA's Abiola Bawuah argues for people power |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/520/abiola-bawuah-people-power/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-15 |title="Technology, though very important, thrives on distinguished Customer Service" Mrs. Marufatu Abiola Bawuah (Regional CEO, West Africa 1, UBA) |url=https://thevaultzmag.com/profiles/as-with-the-butterfly-adversity-is-necessary-to-build-character-in-people-says-american-businessman-joseph-b-wirthlin/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Vaultz Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222110017/https://thevaultzmag.com/profiles/as-with-the-butterfly-adversity-is-necessary-to-build-character-in-people-says-american-businessman-joseph-b-wirthlin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=UBA Ghana MD Named CIMG Marketing Woman of the Year 2016 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/UBA-Ghana-MD-Named-CIMG-Marketing-Woman-of-the-Year-2016-584097 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi == Bawuah ta girma a Aflao kuma ta yi karatun sakandare a makarantar Achimota . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Aryee |first=Naa Ayeley |date=2019-01-15 |title=Inspiring story of Ghanaian table-top groundnut seller turned CEO of UBA |url=https://yen.com.gh/121252-from-table-top-groundnut-seller-regional-ceo-uba-story-abiola-m-bawuah.html |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatunta a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] da ke [[Najeriya]], inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyyar Aiki. Daga baya ta sami digirin-digirgir (LLB) daga Jami'ar London . Ta yi difloma a fannin tallace-tallace daga [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana|Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana (GIMPA)]] da Babban Jami'ar Gudanarwar Kasuwanci (EMBA) a fannin kuɗi daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-28 |title=Marufatu Abiola Bawuah A journey of perseverance to the top |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/marufatu-abiola-bawuah-a-journey-of-perseverance-to-the-top.html |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> A fannin jagoranci, ta sami cancanta da yawa daga [[Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard.|Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard]], [[Columbia University|Columbia]], [[New York University|Jami'ar New York]], [[INSEAD]] da [[Institut Villa Pierrefeu]] a Switzerland.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Hayford |first=Norvan Acquah |title=UBA appoints Abiola Bawuah as Regional CEO |url=https://thebftonline.com/2018/business/uba-appoints-abiola-bawuah-as-regional-ceo/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Business & Financial Times Online |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519034037/https://thebftonline.com/2018/business/uba-appoints-abiola-bawuah-as-regional-ceo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=UBA's Abiola Bawuah Now Cross-Border Regional CEO |url=https://thecfomag.com/ubas-abiola-bawuah-now-cross-border-regional-ceo/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2018-03-07 |title=UBA Appoints Abiola Bawuah As Regional CEO for 6 West African Countries |url=https://africaneyereport.com/uba-appoints-abiola-bawuah-as-regional-ceo-for-6-west-african-countries/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=African Eye Report |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":7"/> == Sana'a == A halin yanzu ita ce babbar jami'ar [[United Bank for Africa|babban bankin United Bank for Africa]], mai kula da ƙasashe shida da suka haɗa da [[Ghana]], [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ivory Coast|Cote d'Ivoire]], [[Laberiya]] da [[Saliyo]] . <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-08 |title=#50FromGhana: A celebration of 50 awesome Ghanaian women and their excellence |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/international-womens-day-2018-50fromghana-a-celebration-of-50-awesome-ghanaian-women/7jxf2yl |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.pulse.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> Kafin haka, ta yi aiki tare da Standard Chartered Bank a matsayin Jami'ar Harkokin Kasuwanci, CAL Bank a matsayin mai kula da dangantaka, Strategic African Securities a matsayin dillali mai izini, kuma tare da Bentsi-Enchi da Letsa (yanzu Bentsi-Enchil, Letsa da Ankomah) kamfanin lauya a matsayin jami'in zuba jari. <ref name=":2"/>&nbsp;<ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":5"/>&nbsp;A watan Janairun 2023, Abiola Bawuah ta zama mace ta farko shugabar bankin UBA a Afirka. [https://www.financialafrik.com/2023/02/01/abiola-bawuah-nouvelle-pdg-de-uba-afrique/] . == Ayyuka == * Bawuah ya rubuta ''Zaɓaɓɓe daga Duhu'' wanda tarihin tarihi ne <ref name=":3"/> * Ta kafa wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai suna Aboala Bawuah Foundation <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abiola Bawuah Foundation to support 100 Girls |url=https://ghananewsagency.org/social/abiola-bawuah-foundation-to-support-100-girls-140039 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=ghananewsagency.org}}</ref> == Nasarorin da kyaututtuka == * 1n 2016, ta sami lambar yabo ta Chartered Institute of Marketing Ghana (CIMG) Marketing Woman of the Year Award <ref name=":6"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-24 |title=UBA Ghana MD named CIMG Marketing Woman of the Year 2016 |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2017/september-24th/uba-ghana-md-named-cimg-marketing-woman-of-the-year-2016.php |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.myjoyonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MTN, UBA CEOs crowned 2016 CIMG Marketing Man, woman of the year |url=https://kasapafmonline.com/2017/09/mtn-uba-ceos-crowned-2016-cimg-marketing-man-woman-of-the-year/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=kasapafmonline.com |archive-date=2022-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406065435/https://kasapafmonline.com/2017/09/mtn-uba-ceos-crowned-2016-cimg-marketing-man-woman-of-the-year/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-24 |title=MTN, UBA CEO's named 2016 CIMG Marketing Personalities of the Year |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/mtn-uba-ceo-s-named-2016-cimg-marketing-personalities-of-the-year.html |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> * Ta lashe lambar yabo ta 2016 Finance Personality award a Ghana Accountancy and Finance. * Rahoton na Afirka an bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 masu tasiri a cikin kasuwanci a Afirka a cikin Yuli 2018 * Ta ba da lambar yabo ta EMY award na shekarar 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-06 |title=EMY Africa Awards – 2020 |url=https://www.emyafrica.com/emyafrica-2020-winners/ |access-date=2020-07-26 |website=emyafrica.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=2020-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726053438/https://www.emyafrica.com/emyafrica-2020-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ta yi aure da ƴaƴa uku. <ref name=":2"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ailhxshqf8pzopl1j2n24kbwhfi6030 0 100714 888226 622538 2026-07-27T16:42:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 888226 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Herberto_Padilla,_1981.jpg|thumb|Heberto Padilla (1981).]] '''Heberto [[Cuba|Cuban]] Padilla,''' an haife shie a (20 Janairu 1932 - 25 Satumba 2000) ya kasance mawaki ne na ƙasar [[Cuba]] wanda aka sanya shi a gidan gayran hali abin da ake kira al'amarin Padilla lokacin da aka ɗaure shi saboda sukar gwamnatin Cuba. An haife shi a garin Puerta de Golpe, Pinar del Río, Cuba . Littafinsa na farko na waka, Las rosas audaces (The Audacious Roses), an buga shi a cikin shekara ta 1949. Kodayake Padilla da farko ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin da Fidel Castro ya jagoranta, a ƙarshen shekarun ta 1960 ya fara sukar shi a bayyane kuma a cikin 1971 gwamnatin Cuban ta ɗaure shi. == Tarihi == === Rashin amincewa da juyin juya halin === An buga jerin labaran a cikin Verde Olivo, mujallar sojojin, a ƙarƙashin sunan Leopaldo Avila, wanda ya haifar da tsari mai tsauri game da manufofin al'adu na gwamnati. Halin haƙuri na wallafe-wallafen Cuban ya buƙaci fiye da kawai goyon baya na asali ga juyin juya halin. Ta haka ne aka kirkiro wata sanarwa ta ka'idoji kuma an amince da ita a Majalisa ta Marubutan da Masu zane-zane a shekarar 1968 wanda ya kara bayyana rawar marubucin a Cuba, yana mai cewa marubucin dole ne ba kawai ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin ba, amma ya ba da gudummawa ta hanyar amfani da wallafe-wallafen a matsayin "makami game da rauni da matsaloli wanda, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, zai iya hana wannan ci gaba".<ref name=":0" /> === Ma'amala da kasashen waje === A cewar asusun Cuban, Padilla ya tayar da gardama a cikin ƙoƙari na jawo hankalin kasashen waje ga aikinsa. Marubucin José Lorenzo Fuentes an riga an cire shi daga UNEAC a shekarar 1967 saboda aikinsa mai mahimmanci da kuma zargin hulɗa da [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]] (CIA) kuma a cewar Otero, Padilla ya ga wannan abin kunya a matsayin damar samun kulawa ta kasashen waje.<ref name=":5" /> [[Jorge Edwards]], wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Chile wanda ke sukar gwamnatin Castro, zai kuma goyi bayan ra'ayoyin Otero cewa Padilla ya nemi amincewar kasa da kasa, yana mai lura da cewa hulɗar Padilla da baƙi ta ja hankalin hukumar leken asiri ta Cuba.<ref name=":5" /> Tattaunawar Padilla da 'yan kasashen waje sun hada da wadanda ke aiki tare da CIA, kodayake an yi jayayya da wannan.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-21 |title="Cuba, ¡qué linda es Cuba!": Carlos Monsiváis, las izquierdas mexicanas y la Revolución cubana |url=https://revistacomun.com/blog/cuba-que-linda-es-cuba-carlos-monsivais-las-izquierdas-mexicanas-y-la-revolucion-cubana/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Revista Común |language=es}}</ref> == Al'amuran == === Kurkuku === Tare da karfafa manufofin al'adu na gwamnatin Cuban a cikin ƙoƙari na kauce wa raunana akidar juyin juya hali, faɗakarwa ga marubutan Cuban ya karu, yana azabtar da su har ma da ɗan karkatarwa daga aikin kwaminisanci na Castro. Don haka a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1971, an kama Heberto Padilla kuma an daure shi saboda aikinsa, Fuera del juego . Don kwatanta yanayin da ba shi da muhimmanci na faɗakarwar juyin juya hali, ɗaya daga cikin zarge-zargen da aka kawo a kan Fuera del juego shine tunanin Padilla na tarihi, inda ya bayyana lokaci a matsayin da'ira. An ga wannan a matsayin mai adawa da juyin juya hali. A cikin ra'ayi na hukuma na UNEAC, sun bayyana, "Ya bayyana halin da yake da shi na adawa da tarihin ta hanyar ɗaukaka son kai a adawa da bukatun hadin gwiwa na ƙasa a tsakiyar ci gaban tarihi kuma ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayinsa na lokaci a matsayin sake maimaitawa maimakon layin hawa".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Quesada |first=Luis M. |date=1975 |title="Fuera del juego": A Poet's Appraisal of the Cuban Revolution |journal=Latin American Literary Review |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=89–98 |jstor=20118967}}</ref> === Rikici === An saki Padilla kwana talatin da bakwai bayan an ɗaure shi, amma ba kafin ya gabatar da wata sanarwa ta sukar kansa ga taron UNEAC ba. A cikin wannan sanarwa ya furta zargin da aka kawo masa, yana bayyana kansa a matsayin abin da abokan hamayyarsa suka zarge shi da kasancewa: mai adawa da juyin juya hali, mai basira, mai ɓoye, kuma mai mugunta. Ya kuma zargi wasu marubuta, ciki har da matarsa, kuma ya bukaci su bi jagorancinsa na bin al'ummar juyin juya hali. Wannan ikirarin ya haifar da damuwa cewa gwamnatin Cuba ta fara shirya abubuwan da suka faru kamar gwajin Moscow na [[Joseph Stalin]]. Bayan sanarwar Padilla game da sukar kansa, wasu fitattun Latin Amurka, Arewacin Amurka, da masu ilimi na Turai, ciki har da Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Cortázar, Susan Sontag, da Jean-Paul Sartre, sun yi magana game da ɗaurin Padilla, kuma sakamakon rikice-rikicen ya zama sananne da "al'amarin Padilla. " Wannan al'amari ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin masu sukar siyasa a duk duniya, wanda ya kawo mutane da yawa da suka goyi bayan gwamnatin Fidel Castro don sake la'akari da matsayinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Male |first=Belkis |date=2008 |title=The Arrest of Heberto Padilla and Belkis Cuza Malé |url=https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/article/the-arrest-of-heberto-padilla-and-belkis-cuza-mal?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=0e0b7026ab138c9c9be0c6e2b43f9cc35ce305f4-1617403510-0-AdXggapv5af4TGVHEjJdELFBAo4216IAcSyLazpFZOG8qfbc3MRkJBRvpP_iwJNAlXSu02dqKmykUHn1fJqaktCnHi6P9jnJf3yHj9OIUMVTxSfE6u8Ab12BfUB4gAbr0iiygvIU5WwzMpcU3nC4NLI-Fn3VCRG_3pB7WU5d2NXqmUAWDW93U8XJr2Gu9r5W_Z4li0o2eAPeD44n-x6mQ7nlfWKNPRemadYlpaKg5CvIPJSku1q1KwCbQn67atlGdcNKhOYs06Y0Ctn2pi6S9-4nzfAPXsofWMxBn-eu1PHsDtFcqBhQuriOaDBInBo8ASLh_j8GAgTkpNeOzLpf1f4feqvizxp_LT6R9F6y54MK1ONTKpfxd5l0KL3lWupZQemVNzSTh69s2H_W0i1UArSzSUazLzqB6z9TOd-Se-ns51pD2fpuAoK4YdkvEyWS0AY_omx_S619cym71dVaRoA |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Words without borders}}</ref> Tattaunawar kasa da kasa ta haifar da karuwar bambancin al'adu a cikin Cuba yayin da gwamnati ta kalli martani a matsayin makircin kasashen waje. Kodayake an saki Padilla daga kurkuku, har yanzu ba a yarda ya bar ƙasar ba har zuwa 1980. == Sakamakon haka == Ya zauna a New York, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] da [[Madrid]], kafin a ƙarshe ya zauna a Princeton, NJ. Padilla ta kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Woodrow Wilson . Farrar Straus & Giroux sun buga bugu da yawa na waƙoƙinsa, wani littafi, En mi jardín pastan los héroes (wanda aka fassara a matsayin Heroes Are Grazing in My Garden), da kuma littafin abubuwan tunawa, La mala memoria (wanda aka fassar da Self-Portrait of the Other). Ya kasance Elena Amos Distinguished Scholar a cikin Latin American Studies a Columbus State University, Columbus GA, 1999-2000. Ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2000 yayin da yake koyarwa a Jami'ar Auburn da ke Auburn, Alabama . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Bayan aurensa na farko da Bertha Hernandez, tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya uku, Giselle Padilla, Maria Padilla da Carlos Padilla, ya auri mawaki Belkis Cuza Malé, tare da wanda ya haifi ƙaramin ɗansa, Ernesto Padilla . Aure da ya yi da Belkis Cuza Male ya ƙare da kisan aure. Wadanda suka tsira daga Heberto Padilla sun hada da yara uku daga aurensa na farko da ɗa daga aurensa ya biyu. == Ayyuka == === Waƙoƙi === * ''Roses masu ƙarfin zuciya'', 1949 * ''Lokaci mai kyau na ɗan adam'', 1962 * Sa'a, Cuadernos de Poesía 10 (Sets of Poems 10), La Tertulia, La Habana, 1964 * ''A waje da wasan'', 1968 * ''Matsalar'', 1973 * ''Waƙoƙi da siyasa - Waƙoƙoƙi'' le Siyasa, tarihin harsuna biyu, Playor, Madrid, Jami'ar Georgetown jerin Cuban, 1974 * ''Mutumin da ke kusa da teku'', Seix Barral, Barcelona, 1981 * Babbar gada, gidan dutse, 1998 * Puerta de Golpe, tarihin da Belkis Cuza Malé ya kirkira, Linden Lane Press, 2013 * Una época para hablar, tarihin da ya ƙunshi duk waƙoƙin Padilla, Luminarias / Letras Cubanas, 2013 === Labarai === * El buscavidas, littafin, 1963 * A cikin lambuna suna kiwo jarumawa, labari, Editorial Argos Vergara, Barcelona, 1981 * La mala memoria, memoir, Plaza & Janés, Barcelona, 1989 (Fassara: Hoton kai na ɗayan 1989) * Prohibido el gato, littafin siyasa da aka rubuta a 1989 == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hhaykwofry49xvhts8ae2f4k600lh2l 888227 888226 2026-07-27T16:42:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 888227 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Herberto_Padilla,_1981.jpg|thumb|Heberto Padilla (1981).]] '''Heberto [[Cuba|Cuban]] Padilla,''' an haife shie a (20 Janairu 1932 - 25 Satumba 2000) ya kasance mawaki ne na ƙasar [[Cuba]] wanda aka sanya shi a gidan gayran hali abin da ake kira al'amarin Padilla lokacin da aka ɗaure shi saboda sukar gwamnatin Cuba. An haife shi a garin Puerta de Golpe, Pinar del Río, Cuba. Littafinsa na farko na waka, Las rosas audaces (The Audacious Roses), an buga shi a cikin shekara ta 1949. Kodayake Padilla da farko ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin da Fidel Castro ya jagoranta, a ƙarshen shekarun ta 1960 ya fara sukar shi a bayyane kuma a cikin 1971 gwamnatin Cuban ta ɗaure shi. == Tarihi == === Rashin amincewa da juyin juya halin === An buga jerin labaran a cikin Verde Olivo, mujallar sojojin, a ƙarƙashin sunan Leopaldo Avila, wanda ya haifar da tsari mai tsauri game da manufofin al'adu na gwamnati. Halin haƙuri na wallafe-wallafen Cuban ya buƙaci fiye da kawai goyon baya na asali ga juyin juya halin. Ta haka ne aka kirkiro wata sanarwa ta ka'idoji kuma an amince da ita a Majalisa ta Marubutan da Masu zane-zane a shekarar 1968 wanda ya kara bayyana rawar marubucin a Cuba, yana mai cewa marubucin dole ne ba kawai ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin ba, amma ya ba da gudummawa ta hanyar amfani da wallafe-wallafen a matsayin "makami game da rauni da matsaloli wanda, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, zai iya hana wannan ci gaba".<ref name=":0" /> === Ma'amala da kasashen waje === A cewar asusun Cuban, Padilla ya tayar da gardama a cikin ƙoƙari na jawo hankalin kasashen waje ga aikinsa. Marubucin José Lorenzo Fuentes an riga an cire shi daga UNEAC a shekarar 1967 saboda aikinsa mai mahimmanci da kuma zargin hulɗa da [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]] (CIA) kuma a cewar Otero, Padilla ya ga wannan abin kunya a matsayin damar samun kulawa ta kasashen waje.<ref name=":5" /> [[Jorge Edwards]], wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Chile wanda ke sukar gwamnatin Castro, zai kuma goyi bayan ra'ayoyin Otero cewa Padilla ya nemi amincewar kasa da kasa, yana mai lura da cewa hulɗar Padilla da baƙi ta ja hankalin hukumar leken asiri ta Cuba.<ref name=":5" /> Tattaunawar Padilla da 'yan kasashen waje sun hada da wadanda ke aiki tare da CIA, kodayake an yi jayayya da wannan.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-21 |title="Cuba, ¡qué linda es Cuba!": Carlos Monsiváis, las izquierdas mexicanas y la Revolución cubana |url=https://revistacomun.com/blog/cuba-que-linda-es-cuba-carlos-monsivais-las-izquierdas-mexicanas-y-la-revolucion-cubana/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Revista Común |language=es}}</ref> == Al'amuran == === Kurkuku === Tare da karfafa manufofin al'adu na gwamnatin Cuban a cikin ƙoƙari na kauce wa raunana akidar juyin juya hali, faɗakarwa ga marubutan Cuban ya karu, yana azabtar da su har ma da ɗan karkatarwa daga aikin kwaminisanci na Castro. Don haka a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1971, an kama Heberto Padilla kuma an daure shi saboda aikinsa, Fuera del juego . Don kwatanta yanayin da ba shi da muhimmanci na faɗakarwar juyin juya hali, ɗaya daga cikin zarge-zargen da aka kawo a kan Fuera del juego shine tunanin Padilla na tarihi, inda ya bayyana lokaci a matsayin da'ira. An ga wannan a matsayin mai adawa da juyin juya hali. A cikin ra'ayi na hukuma na UNEAC, sun bayyana, "Ya bayyana halin da yake da shi na adawa da tarihin ta hanyar ɗaukaka son kai a adawa da bukatun hadin gwiwa na ƙasa a tsakiyar ci gaban tarihi kuma ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayinsa na lokaci a matsayin sake maimaitawa maimakon layin hawa".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Quesada |first=Luis M. |date=1975 |title="Fuera del juego": A Poet's Appraisal of the Cuban Revolution |journal=Latin American Literary Review |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=89–98 |jstor=20118967}}</ref> === Rikici === An saki Padilla kwana talatin da bakwai bayan an ɗaure shi, amma ba kafin ya gabatar da wata sanarwa ta sukar kansa ga taron UNEAC ba. A cikin wannan sanarwa ya furta zargin da aka kawo masa, yana bayyana kansa a matsayin abin da abokan hamayyarsa suka zarge shi da kasancewa: mai adawa da juyin juya hali, mai basira, mai ɓoye, kuma mai mugunta. Ya kuma zargi wasu marubuta, ciki har da matarsa, kuma ya bukaci su bi jagorancinsa na bin al'ummar juyin juya hali. Wannan ikirarin ya haifar da damuwa cewa gwamnatin Cuba ta fara shirya abubuwan da suka faru kamar gwajin Moscow na [[Joseph Stalin]]. Bayan sanarwar Padilla game da sukar kansa, wasu fitattun Latin Amurka, Arewacin Amurka, da masu ilimi na Turai, ciki har da Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Cortázar, Susan Sontag, da Jean-Paul Sartre, sun yi magana game da ɗaurin Padilla, kuma sakamakon rikice-rikicen ya zama sananne da "al'amarin Padilla. " Wannan al'amari ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin masu sukar siyasa a duk duniya, wanda ya kawo mutane da yawa da suka goyi bayan gwamnatin Fidel Castro don sake la'akari da matsayinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Male |first=Belkis |date=2008 |title=The Arrest of Heberto Padilla and Belkis Cuza Malé |url=https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/article/the-arrest-of-heberto-padilla-and-belkis-cuza-mal?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=0e0b7026ab138c9c9be0c6e2b43f9cc35ce305f4-1617403510-0-AdXggapv5af4TGVHEjJdELFBAo4216IAcSyLazpFZOG8qfbc3MRkJBRvpP_iwJNAlXSu02dqKmykUHn1fJqaktCnHi6P9jnJf3yHj9OIUMVTxSfE6u8Ab12BfUB4gAbr0iiygvIU5WwzMpcU3nC4NLI-Fn3VCRG_3pB7WU5d2NXqmUAWDW93U8XJr2Gu9r5W_Z4li0o2eAPeD44n-x6mQ7nlfWKNPRemadYlpaKg5CvIPJSku1q1KwCbQn67atlGdcNKhOYs06Y0Ctn2pi6S9-4nzfAPXsofWMxBn-eu1PHsDtFcqBhQuriOaDBInBo8ASLh_j8GAgTkpNeOzLpf1f4feqvizxp_LT6R9F6y54MK1ONTKpfxd5l0KL3lWupZQemVNzSTh69s2H_W0i1UArSzSUazLzqB6z9TOd-Se-ns51pD2fpuAoK4YdkvEyWS0AY_omx_S619cym71dVaRoA |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Words without borders}}</ref> Tattaunawar kasa da kasa ta haifar da karuwar bambancin al'adu a cikin Cuba yayin da gwamnati ta kalli martani a matsayin makircin kasashen waje. Kodayake an saki Padilla daga kurkuku, har yanzu ba a yarda ya bar ƙasar ba har zuwa 1980. == Sakamakon haka == Ya zauna a New York, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] da [[Madrid]], kafin a ƙarshe ya zauna a Princeton, NJ. Padilla ta kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Woodrow Wilson . Farrar Straus & Giroux sun buga bugu da yawa na waƙoƙinsa, wani littafi, En mi jardín pastan los héroes (wanda aka fassara a matsayin Heroes Are Grazing in My Garden), da kuma littafin abubuwan tunawa, La mala memoria (wanda aka fassar da Self-Portrait of the Other). Ya kasance Elena Amos Distinguished Scholar a cikin Latin American Studies a Columbus State University, Columbus GA, 1999-2000. Ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2000 yayin da yake koyarwa a Jami'ar Auburn da ke Auburn, Alabama . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Bayan aurensa na farko da Bertha Hernandez, tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya uku, Giselle Padilla, Maria Padilla da Carlos Padilla, ya auri mawaki Belkis Cuza Malé, tare da wanda ya haifi ƙaramin ɗansa, Ernesto Padilla . Aure da ya yi da Belkis Cuza Male ya ƙare da kisan aure. Wadanda suka tsira daga Heberto Padilla sun hada da yara uku daga aurensa na farko da ɗa daga aurensa ya biyu. == Ayyuka == === Waƙoƙi === * ''Roses masu ƙarfin zuciya'', 1949 * ''Lokaci mai kyau na ɗan adam'', 1962 * Sa'a, Cuadernos de Poesía 10 (Sets of Poems 10), La Tertulia, La Habana, 1964 * ''A waje da wasan'', 1968 * ''Matsalar'', 1973 * ''Waƙoƙi da siyasa - Waƙoƙoƙi'' le Siyasa, tarihin harsuna biyu, Playor, Madrid, Jami'ar Georgetown jerin Cuban, 1974 * ''Mutumin da ke kusa da teku'', Seix Barral, Barcelona, 1981 * Babbar gada, gidan dutse, 1998 * Puerta de Golpe, tarihin da Belkis Cuza Malé ya kirkira, Linden Lane Press, 2013 * Una época para hablar, tarihin da ya ƙunshi duk waƙoƙin Padilla, Luminarias / Letras Cubanas, 2013 === Labarai === * El buscavidas, littafin, 1963 * A cikin lambuna suna kiwo jarumawa, labari, Editorial Argos Vergara, Barcelona, 1981 * La mala memoria, memoir, Plaza & Janés, Barcelona, 1989 (Fassara: Hoton kai na ɗayan 1989) * Prohibido el gato, littafin siyasa da aka rubuta a 1989 == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i5i4eopw2l9qgahv7ai38egje7t6yq7 888228 888227 2026-07-27T16:42:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 888228 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Herberto_Padilla,_1981.jpg|thumb|Heberto Padilla (1981).]] '''Heberto [[Cuba|Cuban]] Padilla,''' an haife shie a (20 Janairu 1932 - 25 Satumba 2000) ya kasance mawaki ne na ƙasar [[Cuba]] wanda aka sanya shi a gidan gayran hali abin da ake kira al'amarin Padilla lokacin da aka ɗaure shi saboda sukar gwamnatin Cuba. An haife shi a garin Puerta de Golpe, Pinar del Río, Cuba. Littafinsa na farko na waka, Las rosas audaces (The Audacious Roses), an buga shi a cikin shekara ta 1949. Kodayake Padilla da farko ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin da Fidel Castro ya jagoranta, a ƙarshen shekarun ta 1960 ya fara sukar shi a bayyane kuma a cikin 1971 gwamnatin Cuban ta ɗaure shi. == Tarihi == === Rashin amincewa da juyin juya halin === An buga jerin labaran a cikin Verde Olivo, mujallar sojojin, a ƙarƙashin sunan Leopaldo Avila, wanda ya haifar da tsari mai tsauri game da manufofin al'adu na gwamnati. Halin haƙuri na wallafe-wallafen Cuban ya buƙaci fiye da kawai goyon baya na asali ga juyin juya halin. Ta haka ne aka kirkiro wata sanarwa ta ka'idoji kuma an amince da ita a Majalisa ta Marubutan da Masu zane-zane a shekarar 1968 wanda ya kara bayyana rawar marubucin a Cuba, yana mai cewa marubucin dole ne ba kawai ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin ba, amma ya ba da gudummawa ta hanyar amfani da wallafe-wallafen a matsayin "makami game da rauni da matsaloli wanda, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, zai iya hana wannan ci gaba".<ref name=":0" /> === Ma'amala da kasashen waje === A cewar asusun Cuban, Padilla ya tayar da gardama a cikin ƙoƙari na jawo hankalin kasashen waje ga aikinsa. Marubucin José Lorenzo Fuentes an riga an cire shi daga UNEAC a shekarar 1967 saboda aikinsa mai mahimmanci da kuma zargin hulɗa da [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]] (CIA) kuma a cewar Otero, Padilla ya ga wannan abin kunya a matsayin damar samun kulawa ta kasashen waje.<ref name=":5" /> [[Jorge Edwards]], wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Chile wanda ke sukar gwamnatin Castro, zai kuma goyi bayan ra'ayoyin Otero cewa Padilla ya nemi amincewar kasa da kasa, yana mai lura da cewa hulɗar Padilla da baƙi ta ja hankalin hukumar leken asiri ta Cuba.<ref name=":5" /> Tattaunawar Padilla da 'yan kasashen waje sun hada da wadanda ke aiki tare da CIA, kodayake an yi jayayya da wannan.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-21 |title="Cuba, ¡qué linda es Cuba!": Carlos Monsiváis, las izquierdas mexicanas y la Revolución cubana |url=https://revistacomun.com/blog/cuba-que-linda-es-cuba-carlos-monsivais-las-izquierdas-mexicanas-y-la-revolucion-cubana/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Revista Común |language=es}}</ref> == Al'amuran == === Kurkuku === Tare da karfafa manufofin al'adu na gwamnatin Cuban a cikin ƙoƙari na kauce wa raunana akidar juyin juya hali, faɗakarwa ga marubutan Cuban ya karu, yana azabtar da su har ma da ɗan karkatarwa daga aikin kwaminisanci na Castro. Don haka a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1971, an kama Heberto Padilla kuma an daure shi saboda aikinsa, Fuera del juego . Don kwatanta yanayin da ba shi da muhimmanci na faɗakarwar juyin juya hali, ɗaya daga cikin zarge-zargen da aka kawo a kan Fuera del juego shine tunanin Padilla na tarihi, inda ya bayyana lokaci a matsayin da'ira. An ga wannan a matsayin mai adawa da juyin juya hali. A cikin ra'ayi na hukuma na UNEAC, sun bayyana, "Ya bayyana halin da yake da shi na adawa da tarihin ta hanyar ɗaukaka son kai a adawa da bukatun hadin gwiwa na ƙasa a tsakiyar ci gaban tarihi kuma ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayinsa na lokaci a matsayin sake maimaitawa maimakon layin hawa".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Quesada |first=Luis M. |date=1975 |title="Fuera del juego": A Poet's Appraisal of the Cuban Revolution |journal=Latin American Literary Review |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=89–98 |jstor=20118967}}</ref> === Rikici === An saki Padilla kwana talatin da bakwai bayan an ɗaure shi, amma ba kafin ya gabatar da wata sanarwa ta sukar kansa ga taron UNEAC ba. A cikin wannan sanarwa ya furta zargin da aka kawo masa, yana bayyana kansa a matsayin abin da abokan hamayyarsa suka zarge shi da kasancewa: mai adawa da juyin juya hali, mai basira, mai ɓoye, kuma mai mugunta. Ya kuma zargi wasu marubuta, ciki har da matarsa, kuma ya bukaci su bi jagorancinsa na bin al'ummar juyin juya hali. Wannan ikirarin ya haifar da damuwa cewa gwamnatin Cuba ta fara shirya abubuwan da suka faru kamar gwajin Moscow na [[Joseph Stalin]]. Bayan sanarwar Padilla game da sukar kansa, wasu fitattun Latin Amurka, Arewacin Amurka, da masu ilimi na Turai, ciki har da Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Cortázar, Susan Sontag, da Jean-Paul Sartre, sun yi magana game da ɗaurin Padilla, kuma sakamakon rikice-rikicen ya zama sananne da "al'amarin Padilla. " Wannan al'amari ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin masu sukar siyasa a duk duniya, wanda ya kawo mutane da yawa da suka goyi bayan gwamnatin Fidel Castro don sake la'akari da matsayinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Male |first=Belkis |date=2008 |title=The Arrest of Heberto Padilla and Belkis Cuza Malé |url=https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/article/the-arrest-of-heberto-padilla-and-belkis-cuza-mal?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=0e0b7026ab138c9c9be0c6e2b43f9cc35ce305f4-1617403510-0-AdXggapv5af4TGVHEjJdELFBAo4216IAcSyLazpFZOG8qfbc3MRkJBRvpP_iwJNAlXSu02dqKmykUHn1fJqaktCnHi6P9jnJf3yHj9OIUMVTxSfE6u8Ab12BfUB4gAbr0iiygvIU5WwzMpcU3nC4NLI-Fn3VCRG_3pB7WU5d2NXqmUAWDW93U8XJr2Gu9r5W_Z4li0o2eAPeD44n-x6mQ7nlfWKNPRemadYlpaKg5CvIPJSku1q1KwCbQn67atlGdcNKhOYs06Y0Ctn2pi6S9-4nzfAPXsofWMxBn-eu1PHsDtFcqBhQuriOaDBInBo8ASLh_j8GAgTkpNeOzLpf1f4feqvizxp_LT6R9F6y54MK1ONTKpfxd5l0KL3lWupZQemVNzSTh69s2H_W0i1UArSzSUazLzqB6z9TOd-Se-ns51pD2fpuAoK4YdkvEyWS0AY_omx_S619cym71dVaRoA |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Words without borders}}</ref> Tattaunawar kasa da kasa ta haifar da karuwar bambancin al'adu a cikin Cuba yayin da gwamnati ta kalli martani a matsayin makircin kasashen waje. Kodayake an saki Padilla daga kurkuku, har yanzu ba a yarda ya bar ƙasar ba har zuwa 1980. == Sakamakon haka == Ya zauna a New York, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] da [[Madrid]], kafin a ƙarshe ya zauna a Princeton, NJ. Padilla ta kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Woodrow Wilson . Farrar Straus & Giroux sun buga bugu da yawa na waƙoƙinsa, wani littafi, En mi jardín pastan los héroes (wanda aka fassara a matsayin Heroes Are Grazing in My Garden), da kuma littafin abubuwan tunawa, La mala memoria (wanda aka fassar da Self-Portrait of the Other). Ya kasance Elena Amos Distinguished Scholar a cikin Latin American Studies a Columbus State University, Columbus GA, 1999-2000. Ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2000 yayin da yake koyarwa a Jami'ar Auburn da ke Auburn, Alabama . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Bayan aurensa na farko da Bertha Hernandez, tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya uku, Giselle Padilla, Maria Padilla da Carlos Padilla, ya auri mawaki Belkis Cuza Malé, tare da wanda ya haifi ƙaramin ɗansa, Ernesto Padilla . Aure da ya yi da Belkis Cuza Male ya ƙare da kisan aure. Wadanda suka tsira daga Heberto Padilla sun hada da yara uku daga aurensa na farko da ɗa daga aurensa ya biyu. == Ayyuka == === Waƙoƙi === * ''Roses masu ƙarfin zuciya'', 1949 * ''Lokaci mai kyau na ɗan adam'', 1962 * Sa'a, Cuadernos de Poesía 10 (Sets of Poems 10), La Tertulia, La Habana, 1964 * ''A waje da wasan'', 1968 * ''Matsalar'', 1973 * ''Waƙoƙi da siyasa - Waƙoƙoƙi'' le Siyasa, tarihin harsuna biyu, Playor, Madrid, Jami'ar Georgetown jerin Cuban, 1974 * ''Mutumin da ke kusa da teku'', Seix Barral, Barcelona, 1981 * Babbar gada, gidan dutse, 1998 * Puerta de Golpe, tarihin da Belkis Cuza Malé ya kirkira, Linden Lane Press, 2013 * Una época para hablar, tarihin da ya ƙunshi duk waƙoƙin Padilla, Luminarias / Letras Cubanas, 2013 === Labarai === * El buscavidas, littafin, 1963 * A cikin lambuna suna kiwo jarumawa, labari, Editorial Argos Vergara, Barcelona, 1981 * La mala memoria, memoir, Plaza & Janés, Barcelona, 1989 (Fassara: Hoton kai na ɗayan 1989) * Prohibido el gato, littafin siyasa da aka rubuta a 1989 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8d9w6iy8fq8smn8qt41ng0eajh1r0dk 888233 888228 2026-07-27T16:50:56Z AYM8818 11892 Mun saka databox 888233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Herberto_Padilla,_1981.jpg|thumb|Heberto Padilla (1981).]] '''Heberto [[Cuba|Cuban]] Padilla,''' an haife shie a (20 Janairu 1932 - 25 Satumba 2000) ya kasance mawaki ne na ƙasar [[Cuba]] wanda aka sanya shi a gidan gayran hali abin da ake kira al'amarin Padilla lokacin da aka ɗaure shi saboda sukar gwamnatin Cuba. An haife shi a garin Puerta de Golpe, Pinar del Río, Cuba. Littafinsa na farko na waka, Las rosas audaces (The Audacious Roses), an buga shi a cikin shekara ta 1949. Kodayake Padilla da farko ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin da Fidel Castro ya jagoranta, a ƙarshen shekarun ta 1960 ya fara sukar shi a bayyane kuma a cikin 1971 gwamnatin Cuban ta ɗaure shi. == Tarihi == === Rashin amincewa da juyin juya halin === An buga jerin labaran a cikin Verde Olivo, mujallar sojojin, a ƙarƙashin sunan Leopaldo Avila, wanda ya haifar da tsari mai tsauri game da manufofin al'adu na gwamnati. Halin haƙuri na wallafe-wallafen Cuban ya buƙaci fiye da kawai goyon baya na asali ga juyin juya halin. Ta haka ne aka kirkiro wata sanarwa ta ka'idoji kuma an amince da ita a Majalisa ta Marubutan da Masu zane-zane a shekarar 1968 wanda ya kara bayyana rawar marubucin a Cuba, yana mai cewa marubucin dole ne ba kawai ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin ba, amma ya ba da gudummawa ta hanyar amfani da wallafe-wallafen a matsayin "makami game da rauni da matsaloli wanda, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, zai iya hana wannan ci gaba".<ref name=":0" /> === Ma'amala da kasashen waje === A cewar asusun Cuban, Padilla ya tayar da gardama a cikin ƙoƙari na jawo hankalin kasashen waje ga aikinsa. Marubucin José Lorenzo Fuentes an riga an cire shi daga UNEAC a shekarar 1967 saboda aikinsa mai mahimmanci da kuma zargin hulɗa da [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]] (CIA) kuma a cewar Otero, Padilla ya ga wannan abin kunya a matsayin damar samun kulawa ta kasashen waje.<ref name=":5" /> [[Jorge Edwards]], wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Chile wanda ke sukar gwamnatin Castro, zai kuma goyi bayan ra'ayoyin Otero cewa Padilla ya nemi amincewar kasa da kasa, yana mai lura da cewa hulɗar Padilla da baƙi ta ja hankalin hukumar leken asiri ta Cuba.<ref name=":5" /> Tattaunawar Padilla da 'yan kasashen waje sun hada da wadanda ke aiki tare da CIA, kodayake an yi jayayya da wannan.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-21 |title="Cuba, ¡qué linda es Cuba!": Carlos Monsiváis, las izquierdas mexicanas y la Revolución cubana |url=https://revistacomun.com/blog/cuba-que-linda-es-cuba-carlos-monsivais-las-izquierdas-mexicanas-y-la-revolucion-cubana/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Revista Común |language=es}}</ref> == Al'amuran == === Kurkuku === Tare da karfafa manufofin al'adu na gwamnatin Cuban a cikin ƙoƙari na kauce wa raunana akidar juyin juya hali, faɗakarwa ga marubutan Cuban ya karu, yana azabtar da su har ma da ɗan karkatarwa daga aikin kwaminisanci na Castro. Don haka a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1971, an kama Heberto Padilla kuma an daure shi saboda aikinsa, Fuera del juego . Don kwatanta yanayin da ba shi da muhimmanci na faɗakarwar juyin juya hali, ɗaya daga cikin zarge-zargen da aka kawo a kan Fuera del juego shine tunanin Padilla na tarihi, inda ya bayyana lokaci a matsayin da'ira. An ga wannan a matsayin mai adawa da juyin juya hali. A cikin ra'ayi na hukuma na UNEAC, sun bayyana, "Ya bayyana halin da yake da shi na adawa da tarihin ta hanyar ɗaukaka son kai a adawa da bukatun hadin gwiwa na ƙasa a tsakiyar ci gaban tarihi kuma ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayinsa na lokaci a matsayin sake maimaitawa maimakon layin hawa".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Quesada |first=Luis M. |date=1975 |title="Fuera del juego": A Poet's Appraisal of the Cuban Revolution |journal=Latin American Literary Review |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=89–98 |jstor=20118967}}</ref> === Rikici === An saki Padilla kwana talatin da bakwai bayan an ɗaure shi, amma ba kafin ya gabatar da wata sanarwa ta sukar kansa ga taron UNEAC ba. A cikin wannan sanarwa ya furta zargin da aka kawo masa, yana bayyana kansa a matsayin abin da abokan hamayyarsa suka zarge shi da kasancewa: mai adawa da juyin juya hali, mai basira, mai ɓoye, kuma mai mugunta. Ya kuma zargi wasu marubuta, ciki har da matarsa, kuma ya bukaci su bi jagorancinsa na bin al'ummar juyin juya hali. Wannan ikirarin ya haifar da damuwa cewa gwamnatin Cuba ta fara shirya abubuwan da suka faru kamar gwajin Moscow na [[Joseph Stalin]]. Bayan sanarwar Padilla game da sukar kansa, wasu fitattun Latin Amurka, Arewacin Amurka, da masu ilimi na Turai, ciki har da Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Cortázar, Susan Sontag, da Jean-Paul Sartre, sun yi magana game da ɗaurin Padilla, kuma sakamakon rikice-rikicen ya zama sananne da "al'amarin Padilla. " Wannan al'amari ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin masu sukar siyasa a duk duniya, wanda ya kawo mutane da yawa da suka goyi bayan gwamnatin Fidel Castro don sake la'akari da matsayinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Male |first=Belkis |date=2008 |title=The Arrest of Heberto Padilla and Belkis Cuza Malé |url=https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/article/the-arrest-of-heberto-padilla-and-belkis-cuza-mal?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=0e0b7026ab138c9c9be0c6e2b43f9cc35ce305f4-1617403510-0-AdXggapv5af4TGVHEjJdELFBAo4216IAcSyLazpFZOG8qfbc3MRkJBRvpP_iwJNAlXSu02dqKmykUHn1fJqaktCnHi6P9jnJf3yHj9OIUMVTxSfE6u8Ab12BfUB4gAbr0iiygvIU5WwzMpcU3nC4NLI-Fn3VCRG_3pB7WU5d2NXqmUAWDW93U8XJr2Gu9r5W_Z4li0o2eAPeD44n-x6mQ7nlfWKNPRemadYlpaKg5CvIPJSku1q1KwCbQn67atlGdcNKhOYs06Y0Ctn2pi6S9-4nzfAPXsofWMxBn-eu1PHsDtFcqBhQuriOaDBInBo8ASLh_j8GAgTkpNeOzLpf1f4feqvizxp_LT6R9F6y54MK1ONTKpfxd5l0KL3lWupZQemVNzSTh69s2H_W0i1UArSzSUazLzqB6z9TOd-Se-ns51pD2fpuAoK4YdkvEyWS0AY_omx_S619cym71dVaRoA |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Words without borders}}</ref> Tattaunawar kasa da kasa ta haifar da karuwar bambancin al'adu a cikin Cuba yayin da gwamnati ta kalli martani a matsayin makircin kasashen waje. Kodayake an saki Padilla daga kurkuku, har yanzu ba a yarda ya bar ƙasar ba har zuwa 1980. == Sakamakon haka == Ya zauna a New York, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] da [[Madrid]], kafin a ƙarshe ya zauna a Princeton, NJ. Padilla ta kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Woodrow Wilson . Farrar Straus & Giroux sun buga bugu da yawa na waƙoƙinsa, wani littafi, En mi jardín pastan los héroes (wanda aka fassara a matsayin Heroes Are Grazing in My Garden), da kuma littafin abubuwan tunawa, La mala memoria (wanda aka fassar da Self-Portrait of the Other). Ya kasance Elena Amos Distinguished Scholar a cikin Latin American Studies a Columbus State University, Columbus GA, 1999-2000. Ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2000 yayin da yake koyarwa a Jami'ar Auburn da ke Auburn, Alabama . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Bayan aurensa na farko da Bertha Hernandez, tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya uku, Giselle Padilla, Maria Padilla da Carlos Padilla, ya auri mawaki Belkis Cuza Malé, tare da wanda ya haifi ƙaramin ɗansa, Ernesto Padilla . Aure da ya yi da Belkis Cuza Male ya ƙare da kisan aure. Wadanda suka tsira daga Heberto Padilla sun hada da yara uku daga aurensa na farko da ɗa daga aurensa ya biyu. == Ayyuka == === Waƙoƙi === * ''Roses masu ƙarfin zuciya'', 1949 * ''Lokaci mai kyau na ɗan adam'', 1962 * Sa'a, Cuadernos de Poesía 10 (Sets of Poems 10), La Tertulia, La Habana, 1964 * ''A waje da wasan'', 1968 * ''Matsalar'', 1973 * ''Waƙoƙi da siyasa - Waƙoƙoƙi'' le Siyasa, tarihin harsuna biyu, Playor, Madrid, Jami'ar Georgetown jerin Cuban, 1974 * ''Mutumin da ke kusa da teku'', Seix Barral, Barcelona, 1981 * Babbar gada, gidan dutse, 1998 * Puerta de Golpe, tarihin da Belkis Cuza Malé ya kirkira, Linden Lane Press, 2013 * Una época para hablar, tarihin da ya ƙunshi duk waƙoƙin Padilla, Luminarias / Letras Cubanas, 2013 === Labarai === * El buscavidas, littafin, 1963 * A cikin lambuna suna kiwo jarumawa, labari, Editorial Argos Vergara, Barcelona, 1981 * La mala memoria, memoir, Plaza & Janés, Barcelona, 1989 (Fassara: Hoton kai na ɗayan 1989) * Prohibido el gato, littafin siyasa da aka rubuta a 1989 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qtihmaouxwik2e4qy9gj7sdhci18j53 888234 888233 2026-07-27T16:54:00Z AYM8818 11892 /* */ Manazarta 888234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Herberto_Padilla,_1981.jpg|thumb|Heberto Padilla (1981).]] '''Heberto [[Cuba|Cuban]] Padilla,''' an haife shie a (20 Janairu 1932 - 25 Satumba 2000)<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/oct/14/guardianobituaries.cuba | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Nick | last=Caistor | title=Heberto Padilla | date=14 October 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Celestine Bohlen |title=Heberto Padilla, 68, Cuban Poet, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/28/arts/heberto-padilla-68-cuban-poet-is-dead.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 November 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 September 2000 |page=C 27}}</ref> ya kasance mawaki ne na ƙasar [[Cuba]] wanda aka sanya shi a gidan gayran hali abin da ake kira al'amarin Padilla lokacin da aka ɗaure shi saboda sukar gwamnatin Cuba. An haife shi a garin Puerta de Golpe, Pinar del Río, Cuba. Littafinsa na farko na waka, Las rosas audaces (The Audacious Roses), an buga shi a cikin shekara ta 1949. Kodayake Padilla da farko ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin da Fidel Castro ya jagoranta, a ƙarshen shekarun ta 1960 ya fara sukar shi a bayyane kuma a cikin 1971 gwamnatin Cuban ta ɗaure shi. == Tarihi == === Rashin amincewa da juyin juya halin === An buga jerin labaran a cikin Verde Olivo, mujallar sojojin, a ƙarƙashin sunan Leopaldo Avila, wanda ya haifar da tsari mai tsauri game da manufofin al'adu na gwamnati. Halin haƙuri na wallafe-wallafen Cuban ya buƙaci fiye da kawai goyon baya na asali ga juyin juya halin. Ta haka ne aka kirkiro wata sanarwa ta ka'idoji kuma an amince da ita a Majalisa ta Marubutan da Masu zane-zane a shekarar 1968 wanda ya kara bayyana rawar marubucin a Cuba, yana mai cewa marubucin dole ne ba kawai ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin ba, amma ya ba da gudummawa ta hanyar amfani da wallafe-wallafen a matsayin "makami game da rauni da matsaloli wanda, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, zai iya hana wannan ci gaba".<ref name=":0" /> === Ma'amala da kasashen waje === A cewar asusun Cuban, Padilla ya tayar da gardama a cikin ƙoƙari na jawo hankalin kasashen waje ga aikinsa. Marubucin José Lorenzo Fuentes an riga an cire shi daga UNEAC a shekarar 1967 saboda aikinsa mai mahimmanci da kuma zargin hulɗa da [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]] (CIA) kuma a cewar Otero, Padilla ya ga wannan abin kunya a matsayin damar samun kulawa ta kasashen waje.<ref name=":5" /> [[Jorge Edwards]], wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Chile wanda ke sukar gwamnatin Castro, zai kuma goyi bayan ra'ayoyin Otero cewa Padilla ya nemi amincewar kasa da kasa, yana mai lura da cewa hulɗar Padilla da baƙi ta ja hankalin hukumar leken asiri ta Cuba.<ref name=":5" /> Tattaunawar Padilla da 'yan kasashen waje sun hada da wadanda ke aiki tare da CIA, kodayake an yi jayayya da wannan.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-21 |title="Cuba, ¡qué linda es Cuba!": Carlos Monsiváis, las izquierdas mexicanas y la Revolución cubana |url=https://revistacomun.com/blog/cuba-que-linda-es-cuba-carlos-monsivais-las-izquierdas-mexicanas-y-la-revolucion-cubana/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Revista Común |language=es}}</ref> == Al'amuran == === Kurkuku === Tare da karfafa manufofin al'adu na gwamnatin Cuban a cikin ƙoƙari na kauce wa raunana akidar juyin juya hali, faɗakarwa ga marubutan Cuban ya karu, yana azabtar da su har ma da ɗan karkatarwa daga aikin kwaminisanci na Castro. Don haka a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1971, an kama Heberto Padilla kuma an daure shi saboda aikinsa, Fuera del juego . Don kwatanta yanayin da ba shi da muhimmanci na faɗakarwar juyin juya hali, ɗaya daga cikin zarge-zargen da aka kawo a kan Fuera del juego shine tunanin Padilla na tarihi, inda ya bayyana lokaci a matsayin da'ira. An ga wannan a matsayin mai adawa da juyin juya hali. A cikin ra'ayi na hukuma na UNEAC, sun bayyana, "Ya bayyana halin da yake da shi na adawa da tarihin ta hanyar ɗaukaka son kai a adawa da bukatun hadin gwiwa na ƙasa a tsakiyar ci gaban tarihi kuma ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayinsa na lokaci a matsayin sake maimaitawa maimakon layin hawa".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Quesada |first=Luis M. |date=1975 |title="Fuera del juego": A Poet's Appraisal of the Cuban Revolution |journal=Latin American Literary Review |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=89–98 |jstor=20118967}}</ref> === Rikici === An saki Padilla kwana talatin da bakwai bayan an ɗaure shi, amma ba kafin ya gabatar da wata sanarwa ta sukar kansa ga taron UNEAC ba. A cikin wannan sanarwa ya furta zargin da aka kawo masa, yana bayyana kansa a matsayin abin da abokan hamayyarsa suka zarge shi da kasancewa: mai adawa da juyin juya hali, mai basira, mai ɓoye, kuma mai mugunta. Ya kuma zargi wasu marubuta, ciki har da matarsa, kuma ya bukaci su bi jagorancinsa na bin al'ummar juyin juya hali. Wannan ikirarin ya haifar da damuwa cewa gwamnatin Cuba ta fara shirya abubuwan da suka faru kamar gwajin Moscow na [[Joseph Stalin]]. Bayan sanarwar Padilla game da sukar kansa, wasu fitattun Latin Amurka, Arewacin Amurka, da masu ilimi na Turai, ciki har da Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Cortázar, Susan Sontag, da Jean-Paul Sartre, sun yi magana game da ɗaurin Padilla, kuma sakamakon rikice-rikicen ya zama sananne da "al'amarin Padilla. " Wannan al'amari ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin masu sukar siyasa a duk duniya, wanda ya kawo mutane da yawa da suka goyi bayan gwamnatin Fidel Castro don sake la'akari da matsayinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Male |first=Belkis |date=2008 |title=The Arrest of Heberto Padilla and Belkis Cuza Malé |url=https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/article/the-arrest-of-heberto-padilla-and-belkis-cuza-mal?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=0e0b7026ab138c9c9be0c6e2b43f9cc35ce305f4-1617403510-0-AdXggapv5af4TGVHEjJdELFBAo4216IAcSyLazpFZOG8qfbc3MRkJBRvpP_iwJNAlXSu02dqKmykUHn1fJqaktCnHi6P9jnJf3yHj9OIUMVTxSfE6u8Ab12BfUB4gAbr0iiygvIU5WwzMpcU3nC4NLI-Fn3VCRG_3pB7WU5d2NXqmUAWDW93U8XJr2Gu9r5W_Z4li0o2eAPeD44n-x6mQ7nlfWKNPRemadYlpaKg5CvIPJSku1q1KwCbQn67atlGdcNKhOYs06Y0Ctn2pi6S9-4nzfAPXsofWMxBn-eu1PHsDtFcqBhQuriOaDBInBo8ASLh_j8GAgTkpNeOzLpf1f4feqvizxp_LT6R9F6y54MK1ONTKpfxd5l0KL3lWupZQemVNzSTh69s2H_W0i1UArSzSUazLzqB6z9TOd-Se-ns51pD2fpuAoK4YdkvEyWS0AY_omx_S619cym71dVaRoA |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Words without borders}}</ref> Tattaunawar kasa da kasa ta haifar da karuwar bambancin al'adu a cikin Cuba yayin da gwamnati ta kalli martani a matsayin makircin kasashen waje. Kodayake an saki Padilla daga kurkuku, har yanzu ba a yarda ya bar ƙasar ba har zuwa 1980. == Sakamakon haka == Ya zauna a New York, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] da [[Madrid]], kafin a ƙarshe ya zauna a Princeton, NJ. Padilla ta kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Woodrow Wilson . Farrar Straus & Giroux sun buga bugu da yawa na waƙoƙinsa, wani littafi, En mi jardín pastan los héroes (wanda aka fassara a matsayin Heroes Are Grazing in My Garden), da kuma littafin abubuwan tunawa, La mala memoria (wanda aka fassar da Self-Portrait of the Other). Ya kasance Elena Amos Distinguished Scholar a cikin Latin American Studies a Columbus State University, Columbus GA, 1999-2000. Ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2000 yayin da yake koyarwa a Jami'ar Auburn da ke Auburn, Alabama . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Bayan aurensa na farko da Bertha Hernandez, tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya uku, Giselle Padilla, Maria Padilla da Carlos Padilla, ya auri mawaki Belkis Cuza Malé, tare da wanda ya haifi ƙaramin ɗansa, Ernesto Padilla . Aure da ya yi da Belkis Cuza Male ya ƙare da kisan aure. Wadanda suka tsira daga Heberto Padilla sun hada da yara uku daga aurensa na farko da ɗa daga aurensa ya biyu. == Ayyuka == === Waƙoƙi === * ''Roses masu ƙarfin zuciya'', 1949 * ''Lokaci mai kyau na ɗan adam'', 1962 * Sa'a, Cuadernos de Poesía 10 (Sets of Poems 10), La Tertulia, La Habana, 1964 * ''A waje da wasan'', 1968 * ''Matsalar'', 1973 * ''Waƙoƙi da siyasa - Waƙoƙoƙi'' le Siyasa, tarihin harsuna biyu, Playor, Madrid, Jami'ar Georgetown jerin Cuban, 1974 * ''Mutumin da ke kusa da teku'', Seix Barral, Barcelona, 1981 * Babbar gada, gidan dutse, 1998 * Puerta de Golpe, tarihin da Belkis Cuza Malé ya kirkira, Linden Lane Press, 2013 * Una época para hablar, tarihin da ya ƙunshi duk waƙoƙin Padilla, Luminarias / Letras Cubanas, 2013 === Labarai === * El buscavidas, littafin, 1963 * A cikin lambuna suna kiwo jarumawa, labari, Editorial Argos Vergara, Barcelona, 1981 * La mala memoria, memoir, Plaza & Janés, Barcelona, 1989 (Fassara: Hoton kai na ɗayan 1989) * Prohibido el gato, littafin siyasa da aka rubuta a 1989 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d1ran5awlfbffja9g5xg8lbur1ynwg3 888235 888234 2026-07-27T16:54:53Z AYM8818 11892 /* */ Manazarta 888235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Herberto_Padilla,_1981.jpg|thumb|Heberto Padilla (1981).]] '''Heberto [[Cuba|Cuban]] Padilla,''' an haife shie a (20 Janairu 1932 - 25 Satumba 2000)<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/oct/14/guardianobituaries.cuba | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Nick | last=Caistor | title=Heberto Padilla | date=14 October 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Celestine Bohlen |title=Heberto Padilla, 68, Cuban Poet, Is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/28/arts/heberto-padilla-68-cuban-poet-is-dead.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2 November 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=28 September 2000 |page=C 27}}</ref> ya kasance mawaki ne na ƙasar [[Cuba]] wanda aka sanya shi a gidan gayran hali abin da ake kira al'amarin Padilla lokacin da aka ɗaure shi saboda sukar gwamnatin Cuba. An haife shi a garin Puerta de Golpe, Pinar del Río, Cuba. Littafinsa na farko na waka, Las rosas audaces (The Audacious Roses), an buga shi a cikin shekara ta 1949. Kodayake Padilla da farko ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin da Fidel Castro ya jagoranta, a ƙarshen shekarun ta 1960 ya fara sukar shi a bayyane kuma a cikin 1971 gwamnatin Cuban ta ɗaure shi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Hanson |first=Jack |date=2023-07-05 |title=The Miseducation of Mario Vargas Llosa |language=en-US |work=[[The Nation]] |url=https://www.thenation.com/?post_type=article&p=440323 |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0027-8378}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Heberto Padilla |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Heberto-Padilla |access-date=4 October 2016 |last=Echevarría |first=Roberto González}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Stephen |title=Detective Fiction in Cuban Society and Culture |year=2006 |isbn=9783039106981 |pages=72–76 |publisher=Peter Lang |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Rashin amincewa da juyin juya halin === An buga jerin labaran a cikin Verde Olivo, mujallar sojojin, a ƙarƙashin sunan Leopaldo Avila, wanda ya haifar da tsari mai tsauri game da manufofin al'adu na gwamnati. Halin haƙuri na wallafe-wallafen Cuban ya buƙaci fiye da kawai goyon baya na asali ga juyin juya halin. Ta haka ne aka kirkiro wata sanarwa ta ka'idoji kuma an amince da ita a Majalisa ta Marubutan da Masu zane-zane a shekarar 1968 wanda ya kara bayyana rawar marubucin a Cuba, yana mai cewa marubucin dole ne ba kawai ya goyi bayan juyin juya halin ba, amma ya ba da gudummawa ta hanyar amfani da wallafe-wallafen a matsayin "makami game da rauni da matsaloli wanda, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, zai iya hana wannan ci gaba".<ref name=":0" /> === Ma'amala da kasashen waje === A cewar asusun Cuban, Padilla ya tayar da gardama a cikin ƙoƙari na jawo hankalin kasashen waje ga aikinsa. Marubucin José Lorenzo Fuentes an riga an cire shi daga UNEAC a shekarar 1967 saboda aikinsa mai mahimmanci da kuma zargin hulɗa da [[C.I.A|Hukumar leken asiri ta tsakiya]] (CIA) kuma a cewar Otero, Padilla ya ga wannan abin kunya a matsayin damar samun kulawa ta kasashen waje.<ref name=":5" /> [[Jorge Edwards]], wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Chile wanda ke sukar gwamnatin Castro, zai kuma goyi bayan ra'ayoyin Otero cewa Padilla ya nemi amincewar kasa da kasa, yana mai lura da cewa hulɗar Padilla da baƙi ta ja hankalin hukumar leken asiri ta Cuba.<ref name=":5" /> Tattaunawar Padilla da 'yan kasashen waje sun hada da wadanda ke aiki tare da CIA, kodayake an yi jayayya da wannan.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-21 |title="Cuba, ¡qué linda es Cuba!": Carlos Monsiváis, las izquierdas mexicanas y la Revolución cubana |url=https://revistacomun.com/blog/cuba-que-linda-es-cuba-carlos-monsivais-las-izquierdas-mexicanas-y-la-revolucion-cubana/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Revista Común |language=es}}</ref> == Al'amuran == === Kurkuku === Tare da karfafa manufofin al'adu na gwamnatin Cuban a cikin ƙoƙari na kauce wa raunana akidar juyin juya hali, faɗakarwa ga marubutan Cuban ya karu, yana azabtar da su har ma da ɗan karkatarwa daga aikin kwaminisanci na Castro. Don haka a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1971, an kama Heberto Padilla kuma an daure shi saboda aikinsa, Fuera del juego . Don kwatanta yanayin da ba shi da muhimmanci na faɗakarwar juyin juya hali, ɗaya daga cikin zarge-zargen da aka kawo a kan Fuera del juego shine tunanin Padilla na tarihi, inda ya bayyana lokaci a matsayin da'ira. An ga wannan a matsayin mai adawa da juyin juya hali. A cikin ra'ayi na hukuma na UNEAC, sun bayyana, "Ya bayyana halin da yake da shi na adawa da tarihin ta hanyar ɗaukaka son kai a adawa da bukatun hadin gwiwa na ƙasa a tsakiyar ci gaban tarihi kuma ta hanyar bayyana ra'ayinsa na lokaci a matsayin sake maimaitawa maimakon layin hawa".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Quesada |first=Luis M. |date=1975 |title="Fuera del juego": A Poet's Appraisal of the Cuban Revolution |journal=Latin American Literary Review |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=89–98 |jstor=20118967}}</ref> === Rikici === An saki Padilla kwana talatin da bakwai bayan an ɗaure shi, amma ba kafin ya gabatar da wata sanarwa ta sukar kansa ga taron UNEAC ba. A cikin wannan sanarwa ya furta zargin da aka kawo masa, yana bayyana kansa a matsayin abin da abokan hamayyarsa suka zarge shi da kasancewa: mai adawa da juyin juya hali, mai basira, mai ɓoye, kuma mai mugunta. Ya kuma zargi wasu marubuta, ciki har da matarsa, kuma ya bukaci su bi jagorancinsa na bin al'ummar juyin juya hali. Wannan ikirarin ya haifar da damuwa cewa gwamnatin Cuba ta fara shirya abubuwan da suka faru kamar gwajin Moscow na [[Joseph Stalin]]. Bayan sanarwar Padilla game da sukar kansa, wasu fitattun Latin Amurka, Arewacin Amurka, da masu ilimi na Turai, ciki har da Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Cortázar, Susan Sontag, da Jean-Paul Sartre, sun yi magana game da ɗaurin Padilla, kuma sakamakon rikice-rikicen ya zama sananne da "al'amarin Padilla. " Wannan al'amari ya haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin masu sukar siyasa a duk duniya, wanda ya kawo mutane da yawa da suka goyi bayan gwamnatin Fidel Castro don sake la'akari da matsayinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Male |first=Belkis |date=2008 |title=The Arrest of Heberto Padilla and Belkis Cuza Malé |url=https://www.wordswithoutborders.org/article/the-arrest-of-heberto-padilla-and-belkis-cuza-mal?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=0e0b7026ab138c9c9be0c6e2b43f9cc35ce305f4-1617403510-0-AdXggapv5af4TGVHEjJdELFBAo4216IAcSyLazpFZOG8qfbc3MRkJBRvpP_iwJNAlXSu02dqKmykUHn1fJqaktCnHi6P9jnJf3yHj9OIUMVTxSfE6u8Ab12BfUB4gAbr0iiygvIU5WwzMpcU3nC4NLI-Fn3VCRG_3pB7WU5d2NXqmUAWDW93U8XJr2Gu9r5W_Z4li0o2eAPeD44n-x6mQ7nlfWKNPRemadYlpaKg5CvIPJSku1q1KwCbQn67atlGdcNKhOYs06Y0Ctn2pi6S9-4nzfAPXsofWMxBn-eu1PHsDtFcqBhQuriOaDBInBo8ASLh_j8GAgTkpNeOzLpf1f4feqvizxp_LT6R9F6y54MK1ONTKpfxd5l0KL3lWupZQemVNzSTh69s2H_W0i1UArSzSUazLzqB6z9TOd-Se-ns51pD2fpuAoK4YdkvEyWS0AY_omx_S619cym71dVaRoA |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=Words without borders}}</ref> Tattaunawar kasa da kasa ta haifar da karuwar bambancin al'adu a cikin Cuba yayin da gwamnati ta kalli martani a matsayin makircin kasashen waje. Kodayake an saki Padilla daga kurkuku, har yanzu ba a yarda ya bar ƙasar ba har zuwa 1980. == Sakamakon haka == Ya zauna a New York, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] da [[Madrid]], kafin a ƙarshe ya zauna a Princeton, NJ. Padilla ta kasance Fellow a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Woodrow Wilson . Farrar Straus & Giroux sun buga bugu da yawa na waƙoƙinsa, wani littafi, En mi jardín pastan los héroes (wanda aka fassara a matsayin Heroes Are Grazing in My Garden), da kuma littafin abubuwan tunawa, La mala memoria (wanda aka fassar da Self-Portrait of the Other). Ya kasance Elena Amos Distinguished Scholar a cikin Latin American Studies a Columbus State University, Columbus GA, 1999-2000. Ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2000 yayin da yake koyarwa a Jami'ar Auburn da ke Auburn, Alabama . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Bayan aurensa na farko da Bertha Hernandez, tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya uku, Giselle Padilla, Maria Padilla da Carlos Padilla, ya auri mawaki Belkis Cuza Malé, tare da wanda ya haifi ƙaramin ɗansa, Ernesto Padilla . Aure da ya yi da Belkis Cuza Male ya ƙare da kisan aure. Wadanda suka tsira daga Heberto Padilla sun hada da yara uku daga aurensa na farko da ɗa daga aurensa ya biyu. == Ayyuka == === Waƙoƙi === * ''Roses masu ƙarfin zuciya'', 1949 * ''Lokaci mai kyau na ɗan adam'', 1962 * Sa'a, Cuadernos de Poesía 10 (Sets of Poems 10), La Tertulia, La Habana, 1964 * ''A waje da wasan'', 1968 * ''Matsalar'', 1973 * ''Waƙoƙi da siyasa - Waƙoƙoƙi'' le Siyasa, tarihin harsuna biyu, Playor, Madrid, Jami'ar Georgetown jerin Cuban, 1974 * ''Mutumin da ke kusa da teku'', Seix Barral, Barcelona, 1981 * Babbar gada, gidan dutse, 1998 * Puerta de Golpe, tarihin da Belkis Cuza Malé ya kirkira, Linden Lane Press, 2013 * Una época para hablar, tarihin da ya ƙunshi duk waƙoƙin Padilla, Luminarias / Letras Cubanas, 2013 === Labarai === * El buscavidas, littafin, 1963 * A cikin lambuna suna kiwo jarumawa, labari, Editorial Argos Vergara, Barcelona, 1981 * La mala memoria, memoir, Plaza & Janés, Barcelona, 1989 (Fassara: Hoton kai na ɗayan 1989) * Prohibido el gato, littafin siyasa da aka rubuta a 1989 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ajzhiytv82gygaw2x12exosw7a12xes 0 104751 888404 655424 2026-07-28T10:20:37Z BnHamid 12586 888404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moses Udo Moses Ukpong''' (Maris 23, 1964 – Nuwamba 15, 2009) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne, ɗan kasuwa, kuma magaji ga sarautar masarautar Ikot Ukpong, masarauta a Akwa Ibom, Kudancin Najeriya.<ref>Fejokwu, Law C.; Adefolalu, A. A. (January 1, 1992). Political leadership handbook and who's who. Polcom Nigeria. ISBN 9789783159402</ref> Ya kasance dan majalisar dokokin jihar Akwa Ibom mai wakiltar Eket daga 1999 zuwa 2006.<ref>Okon, Emmanuel; Essien, Aquaowo (January 1, 2005). Law-making processes in Nigeria at the National and State Houses of Assembly. Spectrum Books. <nowiki>ISBN 9789780295400</nowiki>.</ref> == Fage == An haifi Moses Ukpong a cikin gidan sarauta. Mahaifinsa shi ne sarkin Ikot Ukpong, wani kauye da ke Eket, Akwa Ibom, Najeriya. Musa shi ne ɗa na biyu ga Udo Moses Ukpong sarkin Ikot Ukpong. A kan mutuwar babban yayansa, ya zama na gaba a kan karagar mulki.<ref>Nigeria: Government Wades Into Akwa Ibom House Crisis". Vanguard. February 23, 2001. Retrieved April 17, 2018 – via AllAfrica.com</ref> == Ilimi == Moses Ukpong ya samu digirin sa na Bsc a fannin Kimiyyar Siyasa daga Jami'ar Calabar. Ya kuma halarci Jami'ar Nsukka. Ya kuma ɗauki gajerun kwasa-kwasai a Makarantun Ilimi na Arts, London. == Sana'a == Ukpong ya fara aikinsa a matsayin malami a makarantar sakandare ta Nduo Eduo, Eket. An kara masa girma zuwa Principal kuma ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi na tsawon shekaru 3 kafin ya hadu da abokinsa Sanata Effiong Bob[abubuwan da ake bukata] wanda ya rinjaye shi ya shiga siyasa. A wannan lokacin ya kuma bayar da gudunmawa wajen kafa daya daga cikin manyan jam'iyyun siyasar Najeriya, jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party[cakashin bukatar] a yankin Kudancin Najeriya. Yana daga cikin mutanen farko da suka fito takarar neman wakilcin jam’iyyar PDP a Najeriya a shekarar 1998. An zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin jihar Akwa Ibom a shekarar 1998 kuma ya rike mukami har sau biyu.<ref>Ndam, Lohdam (January 1, 2001). The Challenges of Developing Nigeria's Local Government Areas. Mgbangzee Ventures.</ref> Ya taba zama dan majalisar dokokin jihar Akwa Ibom a zamanin mulkin Akpan Isemin da Victor Attah tsohon gwamnan jihar Akwa Ibom. == Mutuwa == Ukpong ya rasu ne a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2009, bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2009]] ltehqs58h54gq9zzfx524o4kbs207mj 0 109231 888137 682518 2026-07-27T16:07:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 888137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwamitin Canjin Yanayi na wucin gadi''' (ko ICCC) kwamiti ne na ba da shawara na minista wanda Gwamnatin New Zealand ta kirkira a tsakiyar Afrilu 2018 don gano yadda New Zealand ke canzawa zuwa tattalin arzikin sifiri ta hanyar 2050. An maye gurbin kwamitin riko kuma an maye gurbinsa da Hukumar Canjin Yanayi mai zaman kanta a ƙarƙashin Dokar Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin (Zero Carbon a cikin Nuwamba 2).<ref>Shaw, James. "Interim Climate Change Committee announced". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 28 August 2018</ref><ref>"Our Story". Climate Change Commission. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</ref> == Umarni da ayyuka == Kwamitin rikon kwarya na sauyin yanayi an tsara shi ne bisa tsarin kwamitin Burtaniya kan sauyin yanayi, wata kungiya mai ba da shawara mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba gwamnatin Burtaniya shawara kan ko tana cimma manufofinta na rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Cooke, Henry (17 April 2018). "Interim climate change committee immediately asked how to deal with agricultural emissions". Stuff. Retrieved 28 August 2018.</ref>. Manufar ICCC ita ce ta ba da bincike mai zaman kansa kan batutuwan da aka gano a cikin "Sharuɗɗan Magana" na Gwamnati waɗanda za a mika su ga Hukumar Canjin Yanayi. Sharuɗɗan Magana na ICCC sune: Ta yaya za a iya tsara wajibcin mika wuya idan methane na noma da iskar nitrous oxide suka shiga cikin Tsarin Kasuwancin New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, kuma Tsara don canzawa zuwa 100% sabunta wutar lantarki nan da 2035.<ref>Shaw, James. "Interim Climate Change Committee announced". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Our Story". Climate Change Commission. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021. Cooke, Henry (17 April 2018). "Interim climate change committee immediately asked how to deal with agricultural emissions". Stuff. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Interim Climate Change Committee Gets Underway". Scoop. Interim Climate Change Committee. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Interim Climate Change Committee Terms of Reference" (PDF). Ministry for the Environment. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Climate change committee members announced". Radio New Zealand. 17 April 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Accelerated electrification: Evidence, analysis and recommendations" (PDF). Interim Climate Change Committee. 30 April 2019. pp. 67–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.</ref> Bugu da kari, ICCC za ta yi nazari kan batutuwan da suka hada da yadda za a sauya wutar lantarki zuwa kashi 100 na sabunta wutar lantarki nan da shekarar 2035 da kuma rage fitar da iskar Carbon da New Zealand ke fitarwa a karkashin yarjejeniyar Paris. Za ta tuntubi manyan masu ruwa da tsaki tare da mika bincikenta da bincikenta ga Hukumar Canjin Yanayi mai zaman kanta a karkashin Dokar Canjin Canjin Canjin (Zero Carbon) a watan Mayu 2019. == Memba == A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2018, Ministan Harkokin Sauyin yanayi James Shaw ya sanar da zama memba na ICCC. Shugaban ICCC Dr David Prentice, Shugaba kuma Manajan Darakta na Opus International Consultants Limited. Sauran membobin sun haɗa da: Lisa Tumahai, mataimakiyar shugabar ICCC da Kaiwhakahaere na Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu. Dr Harry Clark, kwararre a fannin noma greenhouse gas Dr Keith Turner, tsohon Shugaba na Meridian Energy Dr Jan Wright, wanda ya taba zama Kwamishinan Muhalli na Majalisar Dokta Suzi Kerr, ya san game da tattalin arziki na manufofin sauyin yanayi da cinikin hayaki.<ref>Interim Climate Change Committee Terms of Reference" (PDF). Ministry for the Environment. Retrieved 28 August 2018</ref> == Tarihi == ICCC ta fara aiki a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2018. Yayin da ICCC ke raba wurare iri ɗaya da ma'aikatar muhalli, tana aiki ba tare da ma'aikatar ba kuma tana da nata tsarin sarrafa bayanai.[4] Kakakin jam'iyyar adawa ta National Party kan sauyin yanayi Todd Muller ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga kwamitin amma ya soki matsayin minista Shaw na duba harkokin noma a lokacin da har yanzu ba a tace kimiyyar rage hayaki mai guba ba. Ya kuma nuna rashin jin dadinsa game da karuwar harajin manoma da yankin New Zealand. Ƙungiyar harabar kasuwanci Business New Zealand ta yi maraba da kafa ICCC. A halin da ake ciki, kungiyoyin masu fafutuka na noma na DairyNZ da Federated Farmers su ma sun yi maraba da kafa hukumar ta ICCC amma sun jaddada cewa bai kamata bangaren noma ya dauki nauyin duk wani karin haraji ko ka’ida ba. A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2018 ICCC ta sabunta shirinta na Aiki tare da Ministan Sauyin yanayi Hon James Shaw tare da kara fayyace sharuddan Magana. A cikin 2019, ICCC ta ba da shawarar cewa a yi amfani da tafkin Onslow na yankin Otago ta Kudu don tsarin adana ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki a cikin shekaru bushe. A cikin Yuli 2020, Ministan Makamashi Megan Woods ya sanar da cewa gwamnatin New Zealand za ta ba da gudummawar cikakken nazarin yiwuwar shirin. Idan aka ci gaba, shirin zai zama babban aikin samar da ababen more rayuwa a New Zealand tun daga shekarun 1980, yana daukar ma'aikata tsakanin 3500 zuwa 4500, kuma zai dauki shekaru hudu zuwa biyar don ginawa sannan kuma a kara shekaru biyu don cika. A cikin Nuwamba 2019, Hukumar Canjin Yanayi ta maye gurbin ICCC.<ref>Accelerated electrification: Evidence, analysis and recommendations" (PDF). Interim Climate Change Committee. 30 April 2019. pp. 67–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} t1cmhxtxtwv1y46pqk6djgf5vawkw4w 888138 888137 2026-07-27T16:07:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 888138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwamitin Canjin Yanayi na wucin gadi''' (ko ICCC) kwamiti ne na ba da shawara na minista wanda Gwamnatin [[New Zealand]] ta kirkira a tsakiyar Afrilu 2018 don gano yadda New Zealand ke canzawa zuwa tattalin arzikin sifiri ta hanyar 2050. An maye gurbin kwamitin riko kuma an maye gurbinsa da Hukumar Canjin Yanayi mai zaman kanta a ƙarƙashin Dokar Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin (Zero Carbon a cikin Nuwamba 2).<ref>Shaw, James. "Interim Climate Change Committee announced". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 28 August 2018</ref><ref>"Our Story". Climate Change Commission. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</ref> == Umarni da ayyuka == Kwamitin rikon kwarya na sauyin yanayi an tsara shi ne bisa tsarin kwamitin Burtaniya kan sauyin yanayi, wata kungiya mai ba da shawara mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba gwamnatin Burtaniya shawara kan ko tana cimma manufofinta na rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Cooke, Henry (17 April 2018). "Interim climate change committee immediately asked how to deal with agricultural emissions". Stuff. Retrieved 28 August 2018.</ref>. Manufar ICCC ita ce ta ba da bincike mai zaman kansa kan batutuwan da aka gano a cikin "Sharuɗɗan Magana" na Gwamnati waɗanda za a mika su ga Hukumar Canjin Yanayi. Sharuɗɗan Magana na ICCC sune: Ta yaya za a iya tsara wajibcin mika wuya idan methane na noma da iskar nitrous oxide suka shiga cikin Tsarin Kasuwancin New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, kuma Tsara don canzawa zuwa 100% sabunta wutar lantarki nan da 2035.<ref>Shaw, James. "Interim Climate Change Committee announced". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Our Story". Climate Change Commission. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021. Cooke, Henry (17 April 2018). "Interim climate change committee immediately asked how to deal with agricultural emissions". Stuff. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Interim Climate Change Committee Gets Underway". Scoop. Interim Climate Change Committee. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Interim Climate Change Committee Terms of Reference" (PDF). Ministry for the Environment. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Climate change committee members announced". Radio New Zealand. 17 April 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Accelerated electrification: Evidence, analysis and recommendations" (PDF). Interim Climate Change Committee. 30 April 2019. pp. 67–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.</ref> Bugu da kari, ICCC za ta yi nazari kan batutuwan da suka hada da yadda za a sauya wutar lantarki zuwa kashi 100 na sabunta wutar lantarki nan da shekarar 2035 da kuma rage fitar da iskar Carbon da New Zealand ke fitarwa a karkashin yarjejeniyar Paris. Za ta tuntubi manyan masu ruwa da tsaki tare da mika bincikenta da bincikenta ga Hukumar Canjin Yanayi mai zaman kanta a karkashin Dokar Canjin Canjin Canjin (Zero Carbon) a watan Mayu 2019. == Memba == A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2018, Ministan Harkokin Sauyin yanayi James Shaw ya sanar da zama memba na ICCC. Shugaban ICCC Dr David Prentice, Shugaba kuma Manajan Darakta na Opus International Consultants Limited. Sauran membobin sun haɗa da: Lisa Tumahai, mataimakiyar shugabar ICCC da Kaiwhakahaere na Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu. Dr Harry Clark, kwararre a fannin noma greenhouse gas Dr Keith Turner, tsohon Shugaba na Meridian Energy Dr Jan Wright, wanda ya taba zama Kwamishinan Muhalli na Majalisar Dokta Suzi Kerr, ya san game da tattalin arziki na manufofin sauyin yanayi da cinikin hayaki.<ref>Interim Climate Change Committee Terms of Reference" (PDF). Ministry for the Environment. Retrieved 28 August 2018</ref> == Tarihi == ICCC ta fara aiki a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2018. Yayin da ICCC ke raba wurare iri ɗaya da ma'aikatar muhalli, tana aiki ba tare da ma'aikatar ba kuma tana da nata tsarin sarrafa bayanai.[4] Kakakin jam'iyyar adawa ta National Party kan sauyin yanayi Todd Muller ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga kwamitin amma ya soki matsayin minista Shaw na duba harkokin noma a lokacin da har yanzu ba a tace kimiyyar rage hayaki mai guba ba. Ya kuma nuna rashin jin dadinsa game da karuwar harajin manoma da yankin New Zealand. Ƙungiyar harabar kasuwanci Business New Zealand ta yi maraba da kafa ICCC. A halin da ake ciki, kungiyoyin masu fafutuka na noma na DairyNZ da Federated Farmers su ma sun yi maraba da kafa hukumar ta ICCC amma sun jaddada cewa bai kamata bangaren noma ya dauki nauyin duk wani karin haraji ko ka’ida ba. A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2018 ICCC ta sabunta shirinta na Aiki tare da Ministan Sauyin yanayi Hon James Shaw tare da kara fayyace sharuddan Magana. A cikin 2019, ICCC ta ba da shawarar cewa a yi amfani da tafkin Onslow na yankin Otago ta Kudu don tsarin adana ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki a cikin shekaru bushe. A cikin Yuli 2020, Ministan Makamashi Megan Woods ya sanar da cewa gwamnatin New Zealand za ta ba da gudummawar cikakken nazarin yiwuwar shirin. Idan aka ci gaba, shirin zai zama babban aikin samar da ababen more rayuwa a New Zealand tun daga shekarun 1980, yana daukar ma'aikata tsakanin 3500 zuwa 4500, kuma zai dauki shekaru hudu zuwa biyar don ginawa sannan kuma a kara shekaru biyu don cika. A cikin Nuwamba 2019, Hukumar Canjin Yanayi ta maye gurbin ICCC.<ref>Accelerated electrification: Evidence, analysis and recommendations" (PDF). Interim Climate Change Committee. 30 April 2019. pp. 67–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ntzclh21lnthrcpyt93pf3lgkaw4481 888139 888138 2026-07-27T16:08:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 888139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwamitin Canjin Yanayi na wucin gadi''' (ko ICCC) kwamiti ne na ba da shawara na minista wanda Gwamnatin [[New Zealand]] ta kirkira a tsakiyar Afrilu 2018 don gano yadda [[New Zealand]] ke canzawa zuwa tattalin arzikin sifiri ta hanyar 2050. An maye gurbin kwamitin riko kuma an maye gurbinsa da Hukumar Canjin Yanayi mai zaman kanta a ƙarƙashin Dokar Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin (Zero Carbon a cikin Nuwamba 2).<ref>Shaw, James. "Interim Climate Change Committee announced". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 28 August 2018</ref><ref>"Our Story". Climate Change Commission. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</ref> == Umarni da ayyuka == Kwamitin rikon kwarya na sauyin yanayi an tsara shi ne bisa tsarin kwamitin Burtaniya kan sauyin yanayi, wata kungiya mai ba da shawara mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba gwamnatin Burtaniya shawara kan ko tana cimma manufofinta na rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Cooke, Henry (17 April 2018). "Interim climate change committee immediately asked how to deal with agricultural emissions". Stuff. Retrieved 28 August 2018.</ref>. Manufar ICCC ita ce ta ba da bincike mai zaman kansa kan batutuwan da aka gano a cikin "Sharuɗɗan Magana" na Gwamnati waɗanda za a mika su ga Hukumar Canjin Yanayi. Sharuɗɗan Magana na ICCC sune: Ta yaya za a iya tsara wajibcin mika wuya idan methane na noma da iskar nitrous oxide suka shiga cikin Tsarin Kasuwancin New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, kuma Tsara don canzawa zuwa 100% sabunta wutar lantarki nan da 2035.<ref>Shaw, James. "Interim Climate Change Committee announced". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Our Story". Climate Change Commission. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021. Cooke, Henry (17 April 2018). "Interim climate change committee immediately asked how to deal with agricultural emissions". Stuff. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Interim Climate Change Committee Gets Underway". Scoop. Interim Climate Change Committee. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Interim Climate Change Committee Terms of Reference" (PDF). Ministry for the Environment. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Climate change committee members announced". Radio New Zealand. 17 April 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Accelerated electrification: Evidence, analysis and recommendations" (PDF). Interim Climate Change Committee. 30 April 2019. pp. 67–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.</ref> Bugu da kari, ICCC za ta yi nazari kan batutuwan da suka hada da yadda za a sauya wutar lantarki zuwa kashi 100 na sabunta wutar lantarki nan da shekarar 2035 da kuma rage fitar da iskar Carbon da New Zealand ke fitarwa a karkashin yarjejeniyar Paris. Za ta tuntubi manyan masu ruwa da tsaki tare da mika bincikenta da bincikenta ga Hukumar Canjin Yanayi mai zaman kanta a karkashin Dokar Canjin Canjin Canjin (Zero Carbon) a watan Mayu 2019. == Memba == A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2018, Ministan Harkokin Sauyin yanayi James Shaw ya sanar da zama memba na ICCC. Shugaban ICCC Dr David Prentice, Shugaba kuma Manajan Darakta na Opus International Consultants Limited. Sauran membobin sun haɗa da: Lisa Tumahai, mataimakiyar shugabar ICCC da Kaiwhakahaere na Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu. Dr Harry Clark, kwararre a fannin noma greenhouse gas Dr Keith Turner, tsohon Shugaba na Meridian Energy Dr Jan Wright, wanda ya taba zama Kwamishinan Muhalli na Majalisar Dokta Suzi Kerr, ya san game da tattalin arziki na manufofin sauyin yanayi da cinikin hayaki.<ref>Interim Climate Change Committee Terms of Reference" (PDF). Ministry for the Environment. Retrieved 28 August 2018</ref> == Tarihi == ICCC ta fara aiki a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2018. Yayin da ICCC ke raba wurare iri ɗaya da ma'aikatar muhalli, tana aiki ba tare da ma'aikatar ba kuma tana da nata tsarin sarrafa bayanai.[4] Kakakin jam'iyyar adawa ta National Party kan sauyin yanayi Todd Muller ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga kwamitin amma ya soki matsayin minista Shaw na duba harkokin noma a lokacin da har yanzu ba a tace kimiyyar rage hayaki mai guba ba. Ya kuma nuna rashin jin dadinsa game da karuwar harajin manoma da yankin New Zealand. Ƙungiyar harabar kasuwanci Business New Zealand ta yi maraba da kafa ICCC. A halin da ake ciki, kungiyoyin masu fafutuka na noma na DairyNZ da Federated Farmers su ma sun yi maraba da kafa hukumar ta ICCC amma sun jaddada cewa bai kamata bangaren noma ya dauki nauyin duk wani karin haraji ko ka’ida ba. A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2018 ICCC ta sabunta shirinta na Aiki tare da Ministan Sauyin yanayi Hon James Shaw tare da kara fayyace sharuddan Magana. A cikin 2019, ICCC ta ba da shawarar cewa a yi amfani da tafkin Onslow na yankin Otago ta Kudu don tsarin adana ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki a cikin shekaru bushe. A cikin Yuli 2020, Ministan Makamashi Megan Woods ya sanar da cewa gwamnatin New Zealand za ta ba da gudummawar cikakken nazarin yiwuwar shirin. Idan aka ci gaba, shirin zai zama babban aikin samar da ababen more rayuwa a New Zealand tun daga shekarun 1980, yana daukar ma'aikata tsakanin 3500 zuwa 4500, kuma zai dauki shekaru hudu zuwa biyar don ginawa sannan kuma a kara shekaru biyu don cika. A cikin Nuwamba 2019, Hukumar Canjin Yanayi ta maye gurbin ICCC.<ref>Accelerated electrification: Evidence, analysis and recommendations" (PDF). Interim Climate Change Committee. 30 April 2019. pp. 67–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} iarcbryoavo5bwyiqkuqvdzcaw5uvb6 888143 888139 2026-07-27T16:11:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 888143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwamitin Canjin Yanayi na wucin gadi''' (ko ICCC) kwamiti ne na ba da shawara na minista wanda Gwamnatin [[New Zealand]] ta kirkira a tsakiyar Afrilu 2018 don gano yadda [[New Zealand]] ke canzawa zuwa tattalin arzikin sifiri ta hanyar 2050. An maye gurbin kwamitin riko kuma an maye gurbinsa da Hukumar Canjin Yanayi mai zaman kanta a ƙarƙashin Dokar Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin (Zero Carbon a cikin Nuwamba 2).<ref>Shaw, James. "Interim Climate Change Committee announced". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 28 August 2018</ref><ref>"Our Story". Climate Change Commission. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.</ref> == Umarni da ayyuka == Kwamitin rikon kwarya na sauyin yanayi an tsara shi ne bisa tsarin kwamitin Burtaniya kan sauyin yanayi, wata kungiya mai ba da shawara mai zaman kanta wacce ke ba gwamnatin Burtaniya shawara kan ko tana cimma manufofinta na rage sauyin yanayi<ref>Cooke, Henry (17 April 2018). "Interim climate change committee immediately asked how to deal with agricultural emissions". Stuff. Retrieved 28 August 2018.</ref>. Manufar ICCC ita ce ta ba da bincike mai zaman kansa kan batutuwan da aka gano a cikin "Sharuɗɗan Magana" na Gwamnati waɗanda za a mika su ga Hukumar Canjin Yanayi. Sharuɗɗan Magana na ICCC sune: Ta yaya za a iya tsara wajibcin mika wuya idan methane na noma da iskar nitrous oxide suka shiga cikin Tsarin Kasuwancin New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, kuma Tsara don canzawa zuwa 100% sabunta wutar lantarki nan da 2035.<ref>Shaw, James. "Interim Climate Change Committee announced". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Our Story". Climate Change Commission. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021. Cooke, Henry (17 April 2018). "Interim climate change committee immediately asked how to deal with agricultural emissions". Stuff. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Interim Climate Change Committee Gets Underway". Scoop. Interim Climate Change Committee. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Interim Climate Change Committee Terms of Reference" (PDF). Ministry for the Environment. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Climate change committee members announced". Radio New Zealand. 17 April 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018. "Accelerated electrification: Evidence, analysis and recommendations" (PDF). Interim Climate Change Committee. 30 April 2019. pp. 67–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.</ref> Bugu da kari, ICCC za ta yi nazari kan batutuwan da suka hada da yadda za a sauya wutar lantarki zuwa kashi 100 na sabunta wutar lantarki nan da shekarar 2035 da kuma rage fitar da iskar Carbon da New Zealand ke fitarwa a karkashin yarjejeniyar Paris. Za ta tuntubi manyan masu ruwa da tsaki tare da mika bincikenta da bincikenta ga Hukumar Canjin Yanayi mai zaman kanta a karkashin Dokar Canjin Canjin Canjin (Zero Carbon) a watan Mayu 2019. == Memba == A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2018, Ministan Harkokin Sauyin yanayi James Shaw ya sanar da zama memba na ICCC. Shugaban ICCC Dr David Prentice, Shugaba kuma Manajan Darakta na Opus International Consultants Limited. Sauran membobin sun haɗa da: Lisa Tumahai, mataimakiyar shugabar ICCC da Kaiwhakahaere na Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu. Dr Harry Clark, kwararre a fannin noma greenhouse gas Dr Keith Turner, tsohon Shugaba na Meridian Energy Dr Jan Wright, wanda ya taba zama Kwamishinan Muhalli na Majalisar Dokta Suzi Kerr, ya san game da tattalin arziki na manufofin sauyin yanayi da cinikin hayaki.<ref>Interim Climate Change Committee Terms of Reference" (PDF). Ministry for the Environment. Retrieved 28 August 2018</ref> == Tarihi == ICCC ta fara aiki a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Mayu 2018. Yayin da ICCC ke raba wurare iri ɗaya da ma'aikatar muhalli, tana aiki ba tare da ma'aikatar ba kuma tana da nata tsarin sarrafa bayanai. Kakakin jam'iyyar adawa ta National Party kan sauyin yanayi Todd Muller ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga kwamitin amma ya soki matsayin minista Shaw na duba harkokin noma a lokacin da har yanzu ba a tace kimiyyar rage hayaki mai guba ba. Ya kuma nuna rashin jin dadinsa game da karuwar harajin manoma da yankin New Zealand. Ƙungiyar harabar kasuwanci Business New Zealand ta yi maraba da kafa ICCC. A halin da ake ciki, kungiyoyin masu fafutuka na noma na DairyNZ da Federated Farmers su ma sun yi maraba da kafa hukumar ta ICCC amma sun jaddada cewa bai kamata bangaren noma ya dauki nauyin duk wani karin haraji ko ka’ida ba. A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2018 ICCC ta sabunta shirinta na Aiki tare da Ministan Sauyin yanayi Hon James Shaw tare da kara fayyace sharuddan Magana. A cikin 2019, ICCC ta ba da shawarar cewa a yi amfani da tafkin Onslow na yankin Otago ta Kudu don tsarin adana ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki a cikin shekaru bushe. A cikin Yuli 2020, Ministan Makamashi Megan Woods ya sanar da cewa gwamnatin New Zealand za ta ba da gudummawar cikakken nazarin yiwuwar shirin. Idan aka ci gaba, shirin zai zama babban aikin samar da ababen more rayuwa a New Zealand tun daga shekarun 1980, yana daukar ma'aikata tsakanin 3500 zuwa 4500, kuma zai dauki shekaru hudu zuwa biyar don ginawa sannan kuma a kara shekaru biyu don cika. A cikin Nuwamba 2019, Hukumar Canjin Yanayi ta maye gurbin ICCC.<ref>Accelerated electrification: Evidence, analysis and recommendations" (PDF). Interim Climate Change Committee. 30 April 2019. pp. 67–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} gtbp4cuck9t3en29w2k4h3us8d0f208 0 110090 888374 687865 2026-07-28T07:54:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888374 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Marion Shepilov Barry''' (an haife ta '''Marion Barry Jr.'''; 6 ga Maris, 1936 - 23 ga Nuwamba, 2014) 'yar siyasar Amurka ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Gundumar Columbia daga 1979 zuwa 1991 da 1995 zuwa 1999. Dan jam'iyyar Democrat, Barry ya yi aiki sau uku a Majalisar Gundumar Columbia, yana wakiltar a matsayin babban memba daga 1975 zuwa 1979, a cikin Ward 8 daga 1993 zuwa 1995, kuma daga 2005 zuwa 2014. A cikin shekarun 1960, ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama, da farko a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Nashville sannan ya zama shugaban farko na Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC). Barry ya zama sananne a matsayin magajin gari na babban birnin kasar, sanannen mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama na farko da ya zama shugaban zartarwa na babban birni na Amurka. Ya ba da jawabin ga Jesse Jackson a zaben shugaban kasa a taron Jam'iyyar Democrat na 1984. Shahararsa ta canza zuwa sanannen duniya a watan Janairun 1990, lokacin da aka ɗauka a bidiyo yayin wani aiki na shan miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma jami'an [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) sun kama shi kan zargin miyagun ƙ ƙwayoyi. Kamawa da kuma shari'ar da ta biyo baya sun hana Barry neman sake zaben, kuma ya yi watanni shida a Kurkukun tarayya. Bayan an sake shi, an zabe shi a Majalisar Gundumar Columbia a shekarar 1992. An sake zabarsa a matsayin magajin gari a shekarar 1994, ya yi aiki daga 1995 zuwa 1999. Duk da tarihinsa na rikice-rikicen siyasa da shari'a, Barry ya kasance mai tasiri a Washington, DC, yana jin daɗin shahara daban-daban a duk lokacin da yake magajin gari. Sabon jaridar Washington City Paper ya ba shi lakabi "Major for life". ''Jaridar Washington Post'' ta taɓa bayyana cewa "don fahimtar Gundumar Columbia, dole ne mutum ya fahimci Marion Barry". == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Marion Barry a yankunan karkara na Itta Bena, Mississippi, ɗan na uku na Mattie Cummings da Marion Barry . Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara huɗu, kuma bayan shekara guda mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura da iyalin zuwa [[Memphis, Tennessee]], inda damar aikinta ta fi kyau.<ref name="just" /><ref name="cummings" /> Mahaifiyarsa ta auri David Cummings, mai yankan nama, kuma tare suka haifi 'ya'ya takwas. Yayinda yake girma a kan titin Latham kusa da Kudancin Parkway, Marion Barry ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Florida kuma ta kammala karatu daga Booker T. Washington High. Lokaci na farko da Barry ya lura da batutuwan launin fata shine lokacin da ya yi tafiya zuwa makaranta yayin da aka sanya fararen ɗalibai bas din makaranta don hawa. An ware makarantu, kamar yadda aka ware wuraren jama'a. Yana da ayyuka da yawa tun yana yaro, ciki har da tattara auduga, isar da sayar da jaridu, da kuma saka kayan abinci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare, Barry ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da abinci a gidan soja na Amurka kuma, yana da shekaru 17, ya sami matsayin Eagle Scout. <ref name="just" /> Marion Barry ya fara gwagwarmayarsa ta kare hakkin bil'adama lokacin da yake dan takarda a Memphis. Takardar da ya yi aiki a kanta ta shirya gasa inda duk wani yaro da ya sami sabbin abokan ciniki 15 zai iya lashe tafiya zuwa [[New Orleans]]. Barry da wasu 'yan takarda baƙi sun kai adadin sabbin abokan ciniki 15 duk da haka ba a yarda su tafi New Orleans ba, birni mai rarrabe. Jaridar ta ce ba za ta iya hayar bas biyu don gamsar da dokokin rarrabewar Mississippi ba. Barry ya yanke shawarar kauracewa hanyar takarda har sai sun amince da aika da baƙar fata a kan tafiya. Bayan da takarda ta ba wa 'yan takarda baƙar fata damar zuwa [[St. Louis]], Missouri, a kan tafiya, saboda ba birni ne mai rarrabe ba, Barry ya ci gaba da hanyar takarda. == 1955-1970: Ilimi da fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama == === Nazarin digiri a Kwalejin LeMoyne-Owen === Barry ya halarci Kwalejin LeMoyne-Owen, a Memphis, ya kammala a shekara ta 1958. A cikin ƙaramin shekarunsa, rashin adalci na launin fata da ya gani ya fara haɗuwa. Shi da abokansa sun tafi wani filin baje kolin da aka ware a Memphis, kuma sun tafi lokacin da aka tanada wa fararen fata, saboda suna so su ga baje kolin kimiyya. Lokacin da suka kasance kusa da nune-nunen, wani dan sanda ya dakatar da su kuma ya nemi su tafi. Barry da abokansa sun tafi ba tare da nuna rashin amincewa ba. A wannan lokacin, Barry bai san abubuwa da yawa game da tserensa ba, ko kuma dalilin da ya sa aka bi da su ba, amma ya yi fushi da lamarin. Barry ya zama mai aiki a cikin babi na NAACP a LeMoyne-Owens, yana aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa. Wani lokaci ana cewa goyon bayansa ga ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ya ba shi laƙabi "Shep", dangane da ɗan siyasan Soviet Dmitri Shepilov, sannan Barry ya fara amfani da Shepilov a matsayin sunansa na tsakiya.<ref name="comeback" /> Amma Barry ya bayyana a cikin tarihin kansa cewa ya zaɓi sunan dangane da S na farko na tsakiya, wanda da farko bai tsaya ba, bayan ya sami sunan Shepilov a cikin jaridu: "Na zaɓi 'Shepilov' a matsayin sunan tsakiya saboda shi ne kawai wanda na sani kuma ina so. " A shekara ta 1958, a LeMoyne-Owens, ya soki wani mai kula da kwaleji saboda maganganun da ya ji suna wulakanci ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka, wanda kusan aka kore shi. Yayinda yake babban jami'i kuma shugaban NAACP, Barry ya ji labarin Walter Chandler - kawai fararen memba a kan kwamitin amintattu na LeMoyne-Owen - yana yin tsokaci cewa ya kamata a bi da baƙar fata a matsayin "ɗan'uwa ba a matsayin babba ba". Barry ya rubuta wasika ga shugaban LeMoyne yana adawa da maganganun kuma yana tambayar idan za a iya cire Walter Chandler daga kwamitin. Abokin Barry shine editan jaridar makaranta, Magician, kuma ya gaya wa Barry ya buga wasikar a cikin takarda. Daga can, wasikar ta kai ga shafi na gaba na takardar safiyar mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ta Memphis. === Digiri na biyu, Nashville Student Movement, SNCC ===   Barry ya sami MS a cikin [[Organic chemistry|ilmin sunadarai na kwayoyin halitta]] daga Jami'ar Fisk a shekarar 1960. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Alpha Phi Alpha. Yayinda yake makarantar digiri a Fisk, an kama Barry sau da yawa yayin da yake shiga cikin zaman Nashville don kawar da masu cin abincin rana da sauran abubuwan da suka faru na Civil Rights Movement. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Fisk, Barry ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama, yana mai da hankali kan kawar da wariyar launin fata na fasinjojin bas. A shekara ta 1960, an zabi Barry a matsayin shugaban farko na Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC). Ya taimaka wajen bunkasa aikin shirya a McComb, Mississippi. Aikin ya kasance rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da kuma aikin kai tsaye. Barry ya ce shi da sauran masu fafutuka sun zauna tare da mutanen yankin don su kasance lafiya, da kuma koyon yadda yake zama a can. Za su iya amfani da wannan bayanin don tsara membobin SNCC daidai. === Nazarin digiri === Barry ya fara karatun digiri na uku a Jami'ar Kansas, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya bar shirin. Ya yi tunanin makarantar shari'a don taimaka wa gwagwarmayar sa, amma ya yanke shawarar kin hakan, saboda jinkirin shigar da shi yana nufin dole ne ya yi hutun shekara guda daga makaranta. Da ya dauki hutun shekara daya, akwai damar shigarsa aikin soja, kuma ba ya son a sa shi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> Ya yanke shawarar zuwa Jami'ar Tennessee inda aka ba shi kyautar digiri. Duk da kasancewa a Kudu, Jami'ar Tennessee ta kasance cibiyar ilimi ce, sabon gogewa ga Barry. Ya fara karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Tennessee da ke Knoxville, Ba'amurke ne kawai a cikin shirin. Ya koyi cewa an hana shi koyar da yara fararen fata, kuma ba a yarda matarsa Blantie Evans ta yi aiki a makarantar fararen fata ba.<ref name="just" /> Ya bar shirin don neman sabon aikinsa a SNCC. A cikin bazara na shekara ta 1964, ya halarci wani taro a Nashville kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Kwamitin Shirye-shiryen Dalibai na Kudancin (SSOC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=SSOC Continuations Committee meeting |url=https://crdl.usg.edu/record/wsh_whi_24492 |access-date=November 12, 2023 |website=Civil Rights Digital Library |publisher=Digital Library of Georgia |archive-date=November 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112202558/https://crdl.usg.edu/record/wsh_whi_24492 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Aiki ga SNCC === A matsayinsa na shugaban SNCC, Barry ya jagoranci zanga-zangar adawa da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci. Bayan ya bar McComb, Barry ya yi kira ga majalisun dokokin jihar don kokarin shawo kansu su jefa kuri'a don sanya [[Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Mississippi Freedom]] (MFDP) ta zama jam'iyyar Democrates ta Mississippi a cikin Yarjejeniyar Democrat ta 1964. A cikin zanga-zangar ci gaba da hana su, 'yan Afirka na Amurka sun shirya wannan jam'iyya don tabbatar da cewa baƙi suna so su jefa kuri'a kuma su gudanar da zaben gwaji. Barry ya yi barci a kan allon a Atlantic City da dare bayan ya yi magana da [[New Jersey Legislature|Majalisar Dokokin New Jersey]]. Bayan ya bar majalisar dokokin New York, James Forman ya nemi Barry ya je Washington, DC, don gudanar da ofishin SNCC. A lokacin, sama da rabin yawan jama'ar Gundumar Columbia baƙar fata ne; duk da haka, Gundumar Colombia ana gudanar da ita a matsayin gundumar tarayya ta musamman, ba a matsayin jiha ba, sabili da haka ba ta da wakilcin jefa kuri'a a Majalisa. A cikin 1965, Barry da Evans sun koma Washington, DC, don buɗe wani reshe na SNCC. Ya shiga cikin daidaita zanga-zangar tituna na zaman lafiya da kuma kauracewa don nuna rashin amincewa da karuwar farashi na bas. Barry ya shirya tafiye-tafiye don yin aiki ga waɗanda ke buƙatar su. Takunkumin ya kashe dubban daloli a layin bas, kuma Barry ya tabbatar da ikonsa na shirya. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Free DC Movement, yana goyon bayan karuwar mulkin gida, yayin da kwamitin majalisa ke gudanar da mulkin gudanarwa a kan gundumar. Barry ya bar SNCC a 1967, lokacin da H. Rap Brown ya zama shugaban kungiyar. <ref name="activist" /> A cikin 1967, Barry da Mary Treadwell sun kafa Pride, Inc., shirin Ma'aikatar Ayyuka don samar da horo ga baƙar fata marasa aikin yi. Kungiyar ta dauki daruruwan matasa aiki don tsaftace tituna da hanyoyi a cikin gundumar. <ref name="prepareforwork" /> Barry da Treadwell sun haɗu yayin da suke dalibai a Jami'ar Fisk, kuma daga baya sun sake haɗuwa yayin da suke yin zanga-zanga a gaban Kamfanin Hasken Gas na Washington. Barry da Treadwell sun yi aure a shekara ta 1972. Sun rabu bayan shekaru biyar. Barry ya kasance mai aiki a bayan tashin hankali na 1968 a Washington, DC, wanda ya biyo bayan kisan Martin Luther King Jr. a Memphis. Ya shirya ta hanyar Pride Inc. wani shirin rarraba abinci kyauta ga matalauta baƙar fata mazauna waɗanda aka lalata gidajensu da unguwannin su a cikin tashin hankali. Barry ya shawo kan Giant Food supermarket chain don ba da gudummawar abinci, kuma ya shafe mako guda yana tuka manyan motoci da isar da abinci a duk ayyukan gidaje na birnin. Ya kuma zama memba na kwamitin kwamitin ci gaban tattalin arziki na birnin, yana taimakawa wajen tura kudaden tarayya da kuma babban birnin kasuwanci zuwa kasuwancin baƙar fata waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don murmurewa daga tashin hankali. Lokacin da Shugaba Richard Nixon ya ayyana ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1969, Ranar Kasuwanci ta Kasa don girmama saukowar wata ta Apollo 11, Barry ya soki shi. Barry ya yi imanin cewa Dokta [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] ya cancanci ranar girmamawa ta kasa a ranar haihuwarsa, wanda Nixon ya yi adawa da shi. Barry ya ce, "Me ya sa baƙi ya kamata su ji farin ciki lokacin da muka ga mutane suna cin abinci a kan wata lokacin da miliyoyin baƙi da matalauta ba su da isasshen kuɗi don siyan abinci a nan a duniya?" <ref name="apollo" /> == 1971-1974: Hukumar Ilimi ta DC == A shekara ta 1971, Barry ya sanar da takararsa na babba memba na Kwamitin makaranta, yana takara da mai mulki, Anita L. Allen . Barry ya ce yana so ya ja-goranci hukumar makarantar zuwa ga "batutuwan ilimi" kuma ya nisanta da matsalolin mutuntaka.<ref name="barbs" /> Barry ya kayar da Allen, tare da kashi 58 cikin 100 na kuri'un zuwa kashi 34 cikin 100 na Allen. Bayan Barry ya zauna a shekarar 1972, an zabe shi gaba daya a matsayin shugaban kwamitin. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin na tsawon shekaru biyu, ya sake tsara tsarin kudi na makaranta da kuma gina yarjejeniya a kan kwamitin. Don mayar da martani ga fim din blaxploitation na 1972 ''Super Fly'', Barry da sauri ya kafa ƙungiyar zanga-zangar da ake kira Blacks Against Narcotics and Genocide (BANG). Barry ya ce fim din yana da lahani ga matasan baƙar fata, kuma ya ɗaukaka shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. BANG ya yi kira da a kaurace wa fim din.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=September 28, 1972 |title=Criticism Mounts Over 'Super Fly' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA55 |journal=Jet |publisher=Johnson Publishing |volume=43 |page=55 |issn=0021-5996}}</ref> Barry ya ba da shawarar samun kasafin kuɗi mafi girma don ilimi da kuma karawa ga malamai. Barry ya kuma goyi bayan nadin [[Barbara Sizemore]] a matsayin mai kula da gundumar, yana mai da Gundumar Columbia babbar birni ta farko a kasar tare da mace a matsayin mai Kula da Hukumar Makaranta. Lokacin da Majalisar Dattijai ta gudanar da biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara ga gundumar saboda muhawara kan ko ya kamata gwamnatin tarayya ta ci gaba da biyan kuɗi don gudanar da zaɓen jam'iyyar gundumar, Barry ya yi kira ga sauraron jama'a game da batun. Ya kuma yi sharhi, "Tun da yake sanannen gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan abubuwan da aka zaba na gwamnati za su kasance baƙar fata, yarjejeniyar masu ba da jawabi ta nuna mini cewa wasu mambobin Majalisa suna cewa baƙar fata ba za su iya ɗaukar alhakin kudi ba, sabili da haka, dole ne su sami Majalisa mafi yawa da ke kula da yadda ake kashe kuɗinmu".<ref name="automatic" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2014]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c0q4is7el3o290wsza7nc2p4xj1ie21 0 110357 888402 688766 2026-07-28T10:18:51Z BnHamid 12586 888402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Virgin_Islands-CIA_WFB_Map.png|thumb|Taswirar tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka]] [[Canjin yanayi]] a cikin tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka ya ƙunshi tasirin canjin yanayi, wanda aka danganta da karuwar mutum a cikin [[carbon dioxide]] na yanayi, a cikin yankin Amurka na tsibirin Virgin Island na Amurka. <ref name="Reslience">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://coastalresilience.org/project/u-s-virgin-islands/ |publisher=Coastal Resilience}}</ref> Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta lura da sakamakon da ake tsammani na wannan abin da ya faru.<ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> == Rashin zafi na teku da hauhawar matakin teku == EPA ta lura cewa "ruwan da ke kewaye da tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka sun yi zafi da kusan digiri biyu tun 1901, kuma matakin teku yana ƙaruwa da kusan inci ɗaya a kowace shekara goma. Yayin da tekuna da yanayi ke ci gaba da dumi, matakin teku na iya ƙaruwa ɗaya zuwa ƙafa uku a cikin ƙarni na gaba. Hawan matakin teku yana rushe marshes, mangroves, da ƙasa mai bushewa; kuma yana ƙara [[Ambaliyar ruwa a bakin teku|Ambaliyar bakin teku]]. <ref name="EPA2">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> Ko da yawancin yankin yana sama da matakin teku, ginshiƙan ruwa na [[Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands|Charlotte Amalie]] gabaɗaya suna cikin ƙafa uku ko uku. == Coral reefs da teku acidification == A cewar EPA, "a cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa, ruwan zafi na iya cutar da mafi yawan coral reefs, kuma asarar murjani mai yiwuwa ne saboda warma da karuwar acidity na ruwan bakin teku. Rashin yanayin zafi na ruwa na iya cutarwa algae da ke zaune a cikin murjani kuma ya samar musu da abinci. Wannan asarar algae yana raunana murjani kuma a ƙarshe zai iya kashe su. <ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> Wannan tsari an fi sani da "hasarar murjaniyar murjani" saboda asarar murya kuma yana haifar da fari. EPA ta ci gaba da lura da cewa "ƙaruwar acidity na iya lalata murjani. Rashin acidity na teku ya karu da kusan kashi 25 cikin dari a cikin ƙarni uku da suka gabata, kuma yana iya ƙara wasu kashi 40 zuwa 50 cikin dari ta hanyar 2100. Yayin da teku ta zama mafi ƙarancin acid, murjani ba su da ikon cire ma'adanai daga ruwa don gina kwarangwal. Shellfish da sauran kwayoyin su ma sun dogara da waɗannan ma'adarai, kuma acidity yana tsoma baki da ikon su na gina kwarangwalwa da kwarangwal masu kariya. " <ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> EPA ta kuma lura cewa "Warming da acidification na iya cutar da yanayin halittu na tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka da ayyukan tattalin arziki waɗanda suka dogara da su. Coral reefs suna ba da mahimman mazauni ga nau'o'i daban-daban, yayin da shellfish da ƙananan shell-producing plankton muhimmiyar tushen abinci ne ga manyan dabbobi. Reefs masu lafiya da yawan kifaye suna tallafawa kifi da yawon shakatawa. " <ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> == Guguwa, gidaje, da ababen more rayuwa == [[Fayil:Spanish_Town_Solar_Farm_in_St._Croix,_US_Virgin_Islands,_March_21,_2023.jpg|thumb|Ginin Hasken rana na garin Mutanen Espanya a St. Croix, Maris, shekara ta 2023]] EPA ta ba da rahoton cewa "guguwa da guguwa na wurare masu zafi sun zama mafi tsanani a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Ko da yake teku masu zafi suna ba da waɗannan guguwa da ƙarin makamashi, masana kimiyya ba su da tabbacin ko karuwar da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan. Duk da haka, saurin iska na guguwa mai saurin guguwa kuma yawan ruwan sama na iya ƙaruwa yayin da yanayin ke ci gaba da dumi. Birane, da tashar jiragen ruwa a Amurka suna iya zama masu saurin ruwa masu tsadawa ga tasirin iska da ruwa masu tsayi don samun lalacewa a lokacin guguwa masu tsada.<ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> EPA ta ci gaba da lura da cewa "canjin yanayi na iya ƙara ambaliyar ruwa a cikin ƙasa. Ruwan sama a lokacin guguwa mai tsanani ya karu da kashi 33 cikin 100 a makwabta Puerto Rico tun 1958, kuma an ga irin wannan yanayin a ko'ina cikin Caribbean. Halin da ke zuwa ga ruwan sama mai ƙarfi zai iya ci gaba. Mafi yawan ambaliyar ruwan sama na iya ƙarawa yayin da bushewa ya yi kama da koguna akai-akai, kuma ƙarin ruwa yana tarawa a cikin ƙananan yankuna da ke raguwa a hankali. A cikin 2010, alal misali, ambaliyar ambaliyar da aka wanke sassan hanya a Frederiksted.<ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> EPA ta kuma ce duk da ruwan sama mai tsanani ya zama ruwan dare, "canjin yanayin ya haifar da ruwan sama gaba ɗaya ya ragu a yankin Caribbean. Jimlar ruwan sama na iya ci gaba da raguwa, musamman a lokacin bazara da rani. Yanayin zafi mai zafi kuma ya rage yawan ruwan da ake samu saboda suna ƙara yawan ruwan da ke cikin iska daga ƙasa, tsire-tsire, da ruwa da aka kawo su, da ruwa mai bushewa, wasu rayuka masu tasowa, Amurka suna iya fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin fari, wanda hakan zai iya shafar kayan aikin gona, don haka ana amfani da ruwa, don samar da ruwa,<ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> == dazuzzuka == A cewar EPA, "mafi yawan zafin jiki da canje-canje a cikin ruwan sama na iya fadadawa, raguwa, ko canza kewayon tsire-tsire da dabbobi na gandun daji, dangane da yanayin da kowane nau'in ke buƙata. Misali, yayin da ruwan sama na rani ke raguwa, nau'ikan shuke-shuke da suka fi son yanayin bushewa na iya motsawa zuwa yankunan da suka mamaye nau'ikan gandun daji da yawa. Yawancin tsire-shuke masu zafi suna zaune a duk shekara, don haka ba za su iya jure manyan canje-canje ba. " <ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> == Aikin noma == A cewar EPA, "mafi girman yanayin zafi na iya tsoma baki tare da aikin gona a cikin tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka. Yanayin zafi yana barazana ga lafiyar dabbobi kuma yana sa su ci kaɗan kuma su girma a hankali. Rage yawan ruwa a lokacin fari na iya matsawa amfanin gona, yayin da yanayin zafi na zai iya rage yawan amfanin gona na wasu amfanin gona. <ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> Nazarin a wasu ƙasashe masu zafi na iya rage yawan plantain da ayaba. == Lafiyar ɗan adam == EPA ta yi gargadi cewa wasu mutane suna da matukar damuwa ga karuwar zafi, gami da yara, tsofaffi, marasa lafiya, da matalauta. Hukumar ta tabbatar da cewa "hawan yanayin zafi zai kara yawan kwanakin zafi da dare mai zafi. Yanayin iska mai zafi na iya haifar da bugun zafi da rashin ruwa kuma ya shafi tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin mutane. Dare mai zafi yana da haɗari musamman saboda suna hana jikin mutum sanyaya bayan rana mai zafi. Ko da yake amintaccen rikodin zafin jiki na dogon lokaci ga Tsibirin Virgin na Amurka ba su samuwa ba, yawan daren zafi a kusa da Puerto Rico ya karu da kusan kashi 50 cikin dari tun 1950. " <ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> EPA ta ci gaba da lura da cewa "yanayin tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka ya dace da nau'in sauro waɗanda ke ɗauke da cututtuka kamar zazzabin cizon sauro, zazzabin rawaya, da zazzabin dengue. Duk da yake yaduwar cutar ta dogara da yanayi iri-iri, yanayin iska mafi girma na iya hanzarta sake zagayowar rayuwar sauro da kuma yawan da ƙwayoyin cuta ke ninkawa a cikin sauro. " <ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> Game da cututtukan da suka shafi ruwa, EPA ta yi gargadi cewa yanayin zafi mafi girma yana kara haɗarin masu kamuwa da cuta kamar vibriosis, kamuwa da kwayar cuta wanda zai iya fitowa daga hulɗa kai tsaye da ruwa mai gurbatawa ko cin kifin da ya kamu da cuta, da kuma guba na ciguatera daga cin kifi wanda ke dauke da wani abu mai guba wanda aka samar da wani nau'in algae da aka samu a wannan yanki.<ref name="EPA">{{Cite web |last=[[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] |date=November 2016 |title=What Climate Change Means for the U.S. Virgin Islands |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-11/documents/climate-change-usvi.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 91ft67mx4kdgs1c9xfnyb5y6o5rdxm9 0 112550 888170 713189 2026-07-27T16:18:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 888170 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]] . Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa [[Lunch counter|masu lissafin abincin rana]] (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee|Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru]] (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]] . Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin [[Keypunch|maɓalli]] a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]] . Baker ya kasance memba na [[Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters]], daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje. <ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois. <ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] evmucoo5ptd635j8z3ladz7hzzv21iz 888171 888170 2026-07-27T16:18:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 888171 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]] . Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee|Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru]] (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]] . Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin [[Keypunch|maɓalli]] a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]] . Baker ya kasance memba na [[Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters]], daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje. <ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois. <ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4u0fljnezjf8gu7vtu4sv2cb02g1vdm 888172 888171 2026-07-27T16:19:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 888172 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]] . Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee|Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru]] (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]] . Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin [[Keypunch|maɓalli]] a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]] . Baker ya kasance memba na [[Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters]], daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje. <ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois. <ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ab7z3upw224art00y2e9rlslhe3igas 888173 888172 2026-07-27T16:19:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 888173 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]] . Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]] . Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin [[Keypunch|maɓalli]] a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]] . Baker ya kasance memba na [[Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters]], daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje. <ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois. <ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 81779psprqula3r1wt81azqrst4vlbf 888174 888173 2026-07-27T16:19:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 888174 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]] . Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin [[Keypunch|maɓalli]] a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]] . Baker ya kasance memba na [[Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters]], daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje. <ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois. <ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3w3dbxuunp62n20sbnf29ni687kwi02 888175 888174 2026-07-27T16:19:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 888175 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin [[Keypunch|maɓalli]] a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]] . Baker ya kasance memba na [[Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters]], daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje. <ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois. <ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7nddge3zus3tony4gxs2us4a0ky64y8 888176 888175 2026-07-27T16:20:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 888176 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]] . Baker ya kasance memba na [[Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters]], daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje. <ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois. <ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5ha285mcc6hvntjel8qgp0gd8jnr8el 888177 888176 2026-07-27T16:20:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 888177 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]]. Baker ya kasance memba na [[Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters]], daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje. <ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois. <ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pbjauyr9rwixaj5wz6qcgd7g00n079a 888178 888177 2026-07-27T16:20:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 888178 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]]. Baker ya kasance memba na Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje. <ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois. <ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8l60l7o3fsan0agr46ls9ivnptngh9s 888179 888178 2026-07-27T16:20:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 888179 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] . Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]]. Baker ya kasance memba na Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje.<ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois.<ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t8q07wc8vxcekbj1yltroi5t8ud8z09 888181 888179 2026-07-27T16:23:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 888181 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]]. Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]]. Baker ya kasance memba na Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje.<ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois.<ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar [[Nashville sit-ins|zama na Nashville]], wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qnvnf71bxa92g0limdal6nkjwm81onp 888182 888181 2026-07-27T16:23:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 888182 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]]. Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]]. Baker ya kasance memba na Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje.<ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois.<ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar zama na Nashville, wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4huv99jyo6qck6povbj4v66ra27lsdi 888183 888182 2026-07-27T16:23:46Z Pharouqenr 25549 888183 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]]. Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]]. Baker ya kasance memba na Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje.<ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois.<ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na [[Nonviolence|rashin biyayya]] da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar zama na Nashville, wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pmf1teefazgw2lb6rjod409ucing1s9 888184 888183 2026-07-27T16:23:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 888184 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]]. Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]]. Baker ya kasance memba na Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje.<ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois.<ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na rashin biyayya da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar zama na Nashville, wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sq99dy2e2xf045b2q78euliulzvesk1 888185 888184 2026-07-27T16:24:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 888185 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) ta kasance yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]]. Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]]. Baker ya kasance memba na Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje.<ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois.<ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na rashin biyayya da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar zama na Nashville, wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 301ms8hrt79c91y4cdrmufkk6qxbfap 888186 888185 2026-07-27T16:24:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 888186 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Diane Judith Nash''' (an Haife shi a watan Mayu 15, 1938) ta kasance yar fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ce ta [[Amurka]], kuma shugaba kuma mai dabaru na reshen daliban [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a]]. Kamfen na Nash sun kasance daga cikin mafi nasara na zamanin. Ƙoƙarin da ta yi ya haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na yancin ɗan adam na farko da ya yi nasara don haɗa masu lissafin abincin rana (Nashville); 'Yan [[Masu Hanyar 'Yanci|Riders na 'Yanci]], waɗanda suka ware tafiye-tafiye tsakanin jihohi; tare da kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Ƙwararru (SNCC); da kuma ƙaddamar da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Zaɓe na Alabama da kuma yin aiki a kan [[Selma to Montgomery marches|Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Zaɓen Selma]]. Wannan ya taimaka wajen samun nassi na Majalisa na [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe na 1965]], wanda ya ba da izini ga gwamnatin tarayya don kulawa da kuma tilasta ayyukan jihohi don tabbatar da cewa ba a hana [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yan Afirka]] da sauran tsiraru daga yin rajista da jefa kuri'a ba. A cikin Yuli 2022, Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya ba Nash lambar yabo ta Shugaban Kasa ta 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Denzel Washington, Simone Biles to Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/denzel-washington-simone-biles-presidential-medals-freedom-1235174868/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Nash a cikin 1938 kuma ta girma [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin dangi na tsakiya a [[Chicago]] ta mahaifinta Leon Nash da mahaifiyarta Dorothy Bolton Nash. Mahaifinta tsohon soja ne a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]]. Mahaifiyarta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma’aikacin maɓalli a lokacin yaƙin, inda ta bar Nash a hannun kakarta, Carrie Bolton, har zuwa shekara bakwai. Carrie Bolton mace ce mai al'ada, wacce aka sani da gyaranta da ɗabi'a. Bayan yakin, auren iyayen Nash ya ƙare. Dorothy ya sake yin aure da John Baker, ma'aikaci a kan motocin cin abinci na layin dogo mallakar [[Pullman Company|Kamfanin Pullman]]. Baker ya kasance memba na Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, daya daga cikin mafi iko baƙar fata ƙungiyoyi a cikin al'umma. Yayin da Dorothy ta daina aiki a wajen gidan, Diane ta ga ƙarancin kakarta Carrie Bolton. Duk da haka, Bolton ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar Nash kuma ya himmatu don tabbatar da Diane ta fahimci darajarta. Bolton ba ya yawan magana game da launin fata, yana gaskanta cewa tsofaffin su ne suka koyar da wariyar launin fata ga matasa. Kalaman kakarta da ayyukan kakarta sun sa Diane kwarin gwiwa da kwarjini na kima da kai. A lokaci guda, tasirin kakarta ya samar da muhallin matsuguni wanda ya bar ta cikin rauni ga tsananin wariyar launin fata a duniyar waje.<ref name="USA TODAY2">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> === Ilimi === Nash ya halarci makarantun Katolika, kuma a wani lokaci ya yi la'akari da zama mata. Har ila yau, ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar kyawun yankin da ta kai ga gasar Miss Illinois.<ref name="Olson" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[Hyde Park Academy High School|makarantar sakandaren Hyde Park]] a Chicago, Nash ya tafi [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], don halartar Jami'ar Howard, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] (HBCU). Bayan shekara guda, ta koma Jami'ar Fisk a Nashville, Tennessee, inda ta yi karatu a Turanci. Nash ta yarda cewa tana fatan samun ci gaba ta sirri yayin lokacinta a kwaleji kuma tana son bincika batutuwan ƙalubale na lokacin. A Nashville, an fara fallasa ta ga cikakken ƙarfin dokokin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] da al'adu da tasirin su akan rayuwar Blacks. Nash ta ba da labarin irin abubuwan da ta samu a bikin baje kolin na Jihar Tennessee a lokacin da ta yi amfani da ɗakin wanka na "Mata Launi", wanda ke nuna karo na farko da ta taɓa gani kuma alamar rabuwa ta shafe ta. Ya fusata da gaskiyar rarrabuwa, Nash ya fara nuna alamun jagoranci kuma nan da nan ya zama cikakken ɗan gwagwarmaya. <ref>Wagnerpedia. {{Cite web |title=Diane Nash - Wagnerpedia |url=http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901212235/http://wagnerpedia.wagner.edu/index.php/Diane_Nash |archive-date=2011-09-01 |access-date=2011-04-08}}. Retrieved 7 April 2011</ref> === Nashville Student Movement === A Fisk, Nash ya nemi hanyar ƙalubalantar rarrabuwa. Nash ya fara halartar tarurrukan tarzoma na rashin biyayya da [[James Lawson (American activist)|James Lawson]] ya jagoranta. Yayin da yake Indiya, James Lawson ya yi nazarin dabarun [[Mahatma Gandhi]] na ayyukan rashin tashin hankali kai tsaye da kuma juriya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yunkurin siyasarsa. A ƙarshen zangonta na farko a Fisk, Nash ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajirai na Lawson. Duk da cewa asalinta ba ta da son shiga cikin tashin hankali, Nash ta fito a matsayin jagora saboda yadda ta yi magana da kyau yayin magana da hukuma da manema labarai. A cikin 1960 tana da shekaru 22, ta zama jagorar zama na Nashville, wanda ya kasance daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Taron karawa juna sani na Lawson ya hada da kwaikwaiyo don shiryawa dalibai yadda za su magance cin zarafi da tsokanar da za su fuskanta daga karshe a lokacin zaman. A cikin shirye-shiryen, ɗaliban za su fita zuwa shaguna da gidajen cin abinci da ke ware, ba abin da suke yi sai magana da manaja lokacin da aka ƙi yin hidima. Lawson ya kimanta mu'amalarsu a cikin kowane siminti da zama, yana tunatar da su su kasance da ƙauna da tausayi ga masu cin zarafi. Wannan motsi ya kasance na musamman don lokacin a cikin jagorancinsa kuma ya ƙunshi daliban koleji da matasa. Gidan zama na Nashville ya bazu zuwa biranen 69 a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin Disamba 2021, Majalisar Birni ta Nashville da Davidson County sun kada kuri'a don ba da sunan saukowa a gaban kotun, inda masu zanga-zangar karkashin jagorancin Nash suka yi tir da Magajin Garin Yamma game da kebantattun wuraren cin abinci na cikin gari, Diane Nash Plaza. Yunkurin da aka yi a baya na sanya sunan wurin shakatawar da ke gaban kotun dominta ya ci tura saboda dokokin sun hana a sakawa wuraren shakatawa na Nashville sunayen mutane masu rai. [[Fayil:P20220707AS-1629_(52307494802).jpg|thumb|Nash ya ba da lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci ta Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] a watan Yuli 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, [[White House|Fadar White House]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba Nash lambar yabo ta 'Yanci na Shugaban kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 1, 2022 |title=President Biden Announces Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/07/01/president-biden-announces-recipients-of-the-presidential-medal-of-freedom/ |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |publisher=[[White House]] |quote=}}</ref> === Daga baya rayuwa === Bayan Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama, Nash ta koma Chicago, inda ta yi aiki a fannonin ilimi da gidaje, ta ci gaba da zama mai ba da shawara da kuma abubuwan da suka dace kamar gidaje masu kyau da kuma kokarin yaki. <ref name="smithsonianconference.org2">{{Cite web |title=Speakers {{!}} 50th Anniversary of the 1961 Freedom Rides |url=http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=smithsonianconference.org |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307235003/http://smithsonianconference.org/freedomrides/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu tana zaune a Chicago, mil mil kaɗan daga ɗanta Douglass Bevel, wanda ta kasance kusa da shi. <ref name="USA TODAY3">{{Cite web |title=Years after change, activist lives her convictions |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/26/nashville-civil-rights-diane-nash/2023301/ |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=USA TODAY}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lhv63gd286tbyykg6b9dslus564gxt8 0 116180 888097 841961 2026-07-27T13:40:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Diamond-41658.jpg|thumb|Babban, mai kaifi, daidai, mai haske, rawaya, spinel-twinned ko macle twinned Diamond (Super macle twinninged Diamond) daga [[Akwatia]] Diamond Mine da Birim Diamond Field a Akwatia a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|Yankin Gabas]]; da kuma wasu abubuwan da aka haɗa sun kara halayyar wannan kauri, lu'u-lu'u.]] Aikin hakar gwal a Ghana yana da dogon tarihi, tun daga karni na 10 lokacin da yankin ya kasance wani bangare na tsohuwar daular Ghana. An fara hakar zinare na kasuwanci a farkon karni na 19, inda Turawa suka kafa ma'adinai da yawa a lokacin mulkin mallaka.] Babban aikin hakar ma'adinai na farko a Ghana ya kasance a Obuasi, inda aka gano zinari a cikin 1897. A shekara ta 1900, Ghana, wacce aka fi sani da Gold Coast, ta zama babbar mai samar da zinari a cikin Daular Burtaniya Ghana sananne ne ga albarkatun zinariya kuma ita ce mafi girma mai samar da zinariya a Afirka tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ghana: #1 Gold Producer in Africa |url=https://newcoregold.com/enchi-project/ghana-1-gold-producer-in-africa/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Newcore Gold |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-08 |title=Ghana Retains Lead as Africa's Largest Gold Producer- USGS Data Shows – The Vaultz News |url=https://thevaultznews.com/business/extractives-energy/ghana-retains-lead-as-africas-largest-gold-producer-usgs-data-shows/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okafor |first=Chinedu |date=2023-06-13 |title=Ghana regains its position as Africa's top gold producer but at a very terrible cost |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/markets/ghana-regains-its-position-as-africas-top-gold-producer-but-at-a-very-terrible-cost/lzfj580 |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=3 Things You Should Know About Gold Mining in Ghana – AZA Finance |url=https://azafinance.com/3-things-you-should-know-about-gold-mining-in-ghana/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=azafinance.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=THE GHANA CHAMBER OF MINES 2020 MINING INDUSTRY STATISTICS AND DATA |url=https://ghanachamberofmines.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2020-Mining-Industry-Statistics-and-Data.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Mark-Anthony |date=2020-11-10 |title=Ghana still Africa's largest gold producer in 2021 – Fitch |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2020/11/10/ghana-still-africas-largest-gold-producer-in-2021-fitch/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=FurtherAfrica |language=en-GB}}</ref> Manyan binciken zinariya da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai sun kasance a kusa da [[Yankin Ashanti]] da sauran yankuna kamar Tarkwa, Akyem, da Prestea, suna zama wani ɓangare na manyan belin zinariya na Birimian da Tarkwaian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A review of gold mineralisation in the Ashanti belt of Ghana and its relation to the crustal evolution of the terrane |url=https://mme.gov.na/files/publications/ffe_Oberthur%20et%20al_Ashanti%20Belt_Ghana.pdf |access-date=2025-09-19 |archive-date=2025-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608142655/https://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/ffe_Oberthur%20et%20al_Ashanti%20Belt_Ghana.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gold mineralization in the Ashanti Belt of Ghana; genetic constraints of the stable isotope geochemistry |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/segweb/economicgeology/article-abstract/91/2/289/21589/Gold-mineralization-in-the-Ashanti-Belt-of-Ghana}}</ref> == Farkon hakar zinariya == [[Yankin Ashanti]] ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a hakar zinariya a Ghana, tun daga karni na 19. Ma'adinai na gida, wanda aka sani da galamsey, ya riga ya wuce kokarin masana'antu. An kafa Kamfanin Ashanti Goldfields Corporation a shekara ta 1897, wanda ke nuna farkon hakar zinare a Ghana.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arhin |first=Kwame |date=1978 |title=Gold-mining and trading among the Ashanti of Ghana |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0399-0346_1978_num_48_1_1806 |journal=Journal des Africanistes |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=89–100 |doi=10.3406/jafr.1978.1806}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anglogold Ashanti - AGE (African Growing Enterprises) File |url=https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Company/guinea02.html#:~:text=Ashanti%20Goldfields%20Corporation%20was%20formed,known%20as%20the%20Gold%20Coast). |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Institute of Developing Economies |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shining Through Time: The legacy of the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation |url=https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/business/shining-through-time-the-legacy-of-the-ashanti-goldfields-corporation.html |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=GhanaRemembers |language=en}}</ref> == Samar da zinariya ta zamani == Babban hakar zinariya a Ghana ya tashi a tsakiyar karni na 20, tare da ayyukan fadada a cikin shekarun 1980 saboda hauhawar farashin zinariya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anani |first=Kerzia |date=2024-05-28 |title=Ghana's Rich Gold Mining History |url=https://aftradvillage.com/lifestyle/ghanas-rich-gold-mining-history/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Aftrad Village |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MINING AND OIL |url=https://www.modernghana.com/GhanaHome/ghana/economy.asp?menu_id=6&sub_menu_id=13&menu_id2=0&s=g}}</ref> Kamfanoni irin su AngloGold Ashanti da Newmont sun yi aiki da ma'adanai masu yawa, suna ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-31 |title=AngloGold's Obuasi mine in Ghana brought back to life {{!}} African Mining Market |url=https://africanminingmarket.com/anglogold-obuasi-mine-back-to-life/5452/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agyapong |first=Williams |date=2022-07-13 |title=Anglogold Ashanti unveils 10-year socio-economic development plan |url=https://www.theghanareport.com/anglogold-ashanti-unveils-10-year-socio-economic-development-plan/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=The Ghana Report |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127014825/https://www.theghanareport.com/anglogold-ashanti-unveils-10-year-socio-economic-development-plan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dentsil-Koomson |first=Papa Kwasi |title=Ghana's Industrial Minerals and Lithium: A Gateway to Global Growth |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1320264/ghanas-industrial-minerals-and-lithium-a-gateway.html}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Ghana ta mamaye Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin babbar mai samar da zinariya a Afirka, tana samar da tan 142.4 na zinariya, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 4.1% na samar da duniya. Sashin yana da asusun sama da kashi 90% na fitar da ma'adanai na kasar kuma ya kasance muhimmin bangare na tattalin arzikin Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=sbesta |date=2020-08-28 |title=Top five gold mining countries of Africa from Ghana to Burkina Faso |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/top-gold-mining-countries-africa/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=NS Energy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-25 |title=Top 10 gold producing countries |url=https://www.mining.com/web/top-10-gold-producing-countries/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=MINING.COM |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=emmakd |date=2022-07-31 |title=How Ghana lost top gold producer in Africa position to South Africa in three years |url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2022/07/31/how-ghana-lost-top-gold-producer-in-africa-position-to-south-africa-in-three-years/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Ghana Business News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Besta |first=Shanka |date=28 August 2020 |title=Top five gold mining countries of Africa from Ghana to Burkina Faso |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/top-gold-mining-countries-africa/}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Ma'adinan zinariya ta yankin Ghana == [[Yankin Ashanti]] a tarihi ne kuma a halin yanzu yana daya daga cikin manyan wuraren samar da zinariya a Ghana. Yankin yana da wasu manyan kamfanonin hakar zinariya a kasar, gami da AngloGold Ashanti a [[Ma'adinin Zinare na Obuasi|Obuasi]]. Obuasi ta samar da fiye da miliyan 35 na zinariya tun lokacin da aka gano ta a ƙarshen karni na 19 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stoddard |first=Ed |date=2023-08-06 |title='Game-changer' Obuasi mine in Ghana now the jewel in AngloGold's crown, says CEO Calderon |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-08-06-game-changer-obuasi-mine-in-ghana-now-the-jewel-in-anglogolds-crown-says-ceo/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Ahafo ta Kudu da Ahafo ta Arewa a yankin Ashanti, gida ga ma'adinin Ahafo na Newmont Ghana, shima mai ba da gudummawa ga fitar da zinariya na Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pelangio Exploration Inc. |url=https://pelangio.com/projects/ghana/obuasi/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Pelangio Exploration Inc. |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921001707/https://pelangio.com/projects/ghana/obuasi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rani |first=Archana |date=2021-07-16 |title=Newmont approves development of Ghana's Ahafo North gold project |url=https://www.mining-technology.com/news/newmont-ghana-ahafo-north-gold/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Mining Technology |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Newmont Ghana's Ahafo North project approved for execution |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1094808/newmont-ghanas-ahafo-north-project-approved-for.html}}</ref> === Yankin Yamma === [[Yankin Yammaci, Ghana|Yankin Yamma]], musamman gundumomin Tarkwa da Prestea, wani yanki ne mai samar da zinariya. Tarkwa, wanda aka sani da babban ma'adinai mai budewa, yana aiki na shekaru da yawa kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu samar da zinare na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goldfields Ghana Limited (Tarkwa) |url=https://siga.gov.gh/sector/goldfields-ghana-limited-tarkwa/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=SIGA: State Interests and Governance Authority |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127052237/https://siga.gov.gh/sector/goldfields-ghana-limited-tarkwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gold Fields Ghana ce ke sarrafa shi kuma ya samar da zinariya 504,000 a cikin 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gold Fields Ghana: Sustainability and Contribution to National Development |url=https://www.goldfields-ghana.com/pdf/presentation/2021/ghana-gold-expo-2021-sustainability-presentation.pdf}}</ref> Prestea, wanda Golden Star Resources ke sarrafawa, wani gari ne na hakar ma'adinai wanda ya samar da zinariya mai yawa a tsawon shekaru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prestea Gold Mine |url=https://www.mining-technology.com/projects/prestea-gold-mine/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Mining Technology |language=en-US}}</ref> === Yankin Gabas === A [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|Yankin Gabas]], ayyukan hakar zinariya suna kewaye da ma'adinin Akyem, wanda [[Newmont]] Ghana ke sarrafawa. Ma'adinin Akyem, ɗaya daga cikin ma'adinan zinariya a yankin, ya fara samar da kasuwanci a cikin 2013 kuma ya samar da fiye da 500,000 ounces na zinariya a cikin 2020..<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-11 |title=Akyem Mine – Past, Present, and Future |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/10/akyem-mine-past-present-and-future/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akyem – Africa {{!}} Newmont Corporation – Operations & Projects |url=https://operations.newmont.com/africa/akyem-ghana |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=operations.newmont.com |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106233911/https://operations.newmont.com/africa/akyem-ghana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese giants show interest in Akyem mine |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-chinese-giants-show-interest-in-akyem-mine.html}}</ref> ==Manazarta== 2d09fl07n41h00iwpe6a1jawikyd188 0 116675 888326 718348 2026-07-27T22:27:05Z BNUBashirnuhuusman 45689 Nayi gyara 888326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:CH-NB - Bern, Mittelland, Trachten - Collection Gugelmann - GS-GUGE-LORY-E-9.tif|thumb|Koyar da kai]] '''koyar da kai a turance (Autodidacticism) (kuma autodidactism) ko '''Koyar da kai''' (kuma ilmantarwa, '''Nazarin kai''' da ''''''Koyar da kai'''''') aikin ilimi ne ba tare da jagorancin [[Malami|malamai]] ba. '''Masu koyar da kansu''' mutane ne masu koyar da kansu waɗanda ke koyon batun ta hanyar nazarin kansu. Tsarin na iya haɗawa, haɓaka, ko zama madadin Ilimi na yau da kullun. Ilimi na yau da kullun da kansa na iya samun ɓoyayyen darussan da ke buƙatar nazarin kai ga waɗanda ba su da ƙwarewa.<ref>autodidact". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2024. a self-taught person</ref> Gabaɗaya, masu koyar da kansu mutane ne waɗanda suka zaɓi batun da za su yi nazari, kayan karatun su, da kuma karatun sautin da lokaci. Masu koyar da kansu na iya ko ba su da ilimi na yau da kullun, kuma karatun su na iya zama ko dai kari ko madadin ilimi na yau. An ba da gudummawa da yawa ta hanyar masu koyar da kansu., Tsarin ilmantarwa na kai ba shi da iyaka. Mutum na iya neman wasu hanyoyi a cikin ilimi kuma yayi amfani da waɗannan don samun ƙwarewa; nazarin kai na iya saduwa da wasu ka'idojin da ake buƙata don ilimin kwarewa ko koyo. Hanyoyin ilmantarwa na kai na iya haɗawa da karatun littattafan ilimi ko shafukan yanar gizo, kallon bidiyon ilimi da sauraron rikodin sauti na ilimi, ko ta hanyar ziyartar bayanan. Mutum yana amfani da wani sarari a matsayin sararin ilmantarwa, inda mutum ke amfani da tunani mai mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙwarewar karatu a cikin Yanayin ilmantarwa mai zurfi har sai sun kai Yankin ta'aziyya na ilimi. == Kalmomin == Kalmar autodidact ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Helenanci na Dā {{Lang|grc|[[wikt:αὐτός|αὐτός]]}} ({{Transl|grc|autós}}, lit. <nowiki>''</nowiki>) da {{Lang|grc|[[wikt:διδακτικός|διδακτικός]]}} ({{Transl|grc|didaktikos}}, lit. "'). Kalmar da ta shafi ''koyarwa'' ta bayyana falsafar fasaha ta ilimi. ==Manazarta== m424mdo1dergbzd4xvrobkluktmeyxh 0 119006 888322 727145 2026-07-27T22:20:31Z BNUBashirnuhuusman 45689 Nayi gyara 888322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Sally Field (11205).jpg|thumb|Sally Field]] Sally Margaret Field (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1946)<ref>"Bio.com, Sally Field Biography Actress (1946–)". Biography.com. Archived from the original on August 27, 2015. Retrieved August 28, 2015.</ref> 'Yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. Ta yi wasa a fina-finai, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway, da talabijin, kuma ta yi rikodin waƙoƙin da suka shahara. An san ta da aikinta mai yawa a kan allo da dandamali, ta sami yabo da yawa a tsawon aikinta na tsawon shekaru sittin, ciki har da kyaututtukan Academy guda biyu, kyaututtukan Golden Globe guda biyu, da kyaututtukan Primetime Emmy guda uku, ban da zaɓen Tony Award da kyaututtukan British Academy Film guda biyu. An ba ta tauraro a Hollywood Walk of Fame a 2014, lambar yabo ta ƙasa a 2014, lambar yabo ta Kennedy Center a 2019, da lambar yabo ta Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award a 2023. == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Sally Field a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1946, a Pasadena, California, ga jaruma Margaret Field (née Morlan) (1922–2011) da kuma mai sayar da magani Richard Dryden Field (1914–1993), wacce ta yi aiki a Soja a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.<ref>Hilburn, Jessica (December 18, 2019). "Priscilla Presley & Sally Field: Daughters of Titusville". NWPA Stories.</ref> Ɗan'uwanta shine Richard Dryden Field Jr., masanin kimiyyar lissafi kuma malami. Iyayenta sun sake ta a shekarar 1950; a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1952, a Tijuana, Mexico, mahaifiyarta ta auri Jock Mahoney, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>"Sally Field Biography and Interview". Achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on January 15, 2019. Retrieved April 12, 2019.</ref> Zuri'arta ta haɗa da Ingilishi, Irish kuma a gefen mahaifinta ɗan Italiya ne daga tsibirin Sicily. Field ta ce a cikin tarihin rayuwarta ta 2018 cewa Mahoney ya ci zarafinta ta hanyar jima'i a lokacin yarintarta.<ref>Labrecque, Jeff (November 7, 2011). "Sally Field's mother died". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2015.</ref><ref>Itzkoff, Dave (September 11, 2018). "Sally Field Talks About Her Life 'In Pieces'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 15, 2018. Retrieved October 29, 2018.</ref> Tun tana ƙarama, Field ta halarci Makarantar Tsakiya ta Portola da Makarantar Sakandare ta Birmingham a Van Nuys, inda ta kasance mai shelar farin ciki.<ref>"Sally Field honored at high school alma mater". Los Angeles Daily News. Los Angeles, CA. August 28, 2017 [November 12, 2010].</ref><ref>Gilmore, Ethel (December 15, 1965). "She's A Star: Encino Teen-Ager Remains Typical". San Fernando Valley Times. North Hollywood, CA. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.</ref> Ajin ɗalibanta na shekarar 1964 sun haɗa da mai kuɗi Michael Milken da wakilin hazaka Michael Ovitz, yayin da jaruma Cindy Williams ta yi shekara ɗaya a bayan Field.<ref>Collins, Bob; Collins, Sandy, eds. (August 2016). Alumni History and Hall of Fame Project (PDF). Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles Unified School District. pp. xx, 17.</ref> Field ta bayyana cewa lokacin da take 'yar shekara 17 ta yi zubar da ciki ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a Mexico, kuma an yi mata lalata a lokacin.<ref>Kurtz, Judy (October 7, 2024). "Sally Field shares 'horrific' teenage abortion experience: 'These are the things that women are going through now'". The Hill.</ref> Sana'a Babban labarin: Fim ɗin Sally Field BayaniField ta fara aikinta a talabijin, inda ta fito a cikin barkwancin Gidget (1965–1966), The Flying Nun (1967–1970), da kuma The Girl with Something Extra (1973–1974). Ta sami kyautar Primetime Emmy Award don Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series ko Movie for the NBC telebijin film Sybil (1976). Fim ɗinta na farko ya kasance a matsayin ƙarin a cikin Moon Pilot (1962) sannan kuma ya fito a cikin The Way West (1967), Stay Hungry (1976), Smokey and the Bandit (1977), Heroes (1977), The End (1978), da Hooper (1978). Ta lashe kyaututtuka biyu na Academy Awards don Best Actress for Norma Rae (1979), da Places in the Heart (1984). Sauran fitattun rawar da suka taka sun hada da Smokey da Bandit II (1980), Absence of Malice (1981), Kiss Me Goodbye (1982), Murphy's Romance (1985), Steel Magnolias (1989), Soapdish (1991), Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), da Forrest Gump (1994). A shekarun 2000, Field ta koma talabijin da rawar da ta taka a wasan kwaikwayo na likitanci na NBC ER, wanda ta lashe kyautar Primetime Emmy Award don Outstanding Guest Actress a cikin wani shirin wasan kwaikwayo a 2001. Saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin Nora Walker a cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na ABC Brothers & Sisters (2006–2011), Field ta lashe kyautar Primetime Emmy Award don Outstanding Leader Actress a cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo. Ta fito a matsayin Mary Todd Lincoln a cikin shirin Lincoln (2012), wanda a ciki ta sami kyautar Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Ta fito a matsayin Aunt May a cikin shirin The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) da kuma shirinsa na 2014. Sauran rawar da ta taka sun haɗa da fina-finan Hello, My Name Is Doris (2015), da kuma 80 na Brady (2023), da kuma fina-finan Netflix limited series Maniac (2018). Ta fara fitowa a matakin ƙwararru a matsayin wadda ta maye gurbin Mercedes Ruehl a cikin fim ɗin Edward Albee mai suna The Goat, ko Who Is Sylvia? a shekarar 2002. Field ta dawo kan dandamali bayan shekaru 15 ba tare da ta yi ba tare da sake farfaɗo da fim ɗin The Glass Menagerie na Tennessee Williams a shekarar 2017, wanda ta sami lambar yabo ta Tony Award don Best Actress in a Play. Ta fara fitowa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na West End a cikin farfaɗo da fim ɗin All My Sons na Arthur Miller a shekarar 2019. == Manazarta == npdncbe6hpx576to0bc2d2mxbxms12x 0 119082 888377 786585 2026-07-28T08:51:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marko Milun''' (an haife shi 28 Satumba 1996) [[Amateur boxer|ɗan dambe ɗan Croatia ne mai son]] wanda ya ci lambobin tagulla a [[2018 European Union Amateur Boxing Championships|Gasar Cin Kofin EU na 2018]] <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=21 June 2019 |title=The European Games started with several surprises in Minsk |url=http://www.eubcboxing.org/news/the-european-games-started-with-several-surprises-inminsk/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719125827/http://www.eubcboxing.org/news/the-european-games-started-with-several-surprises-inminsk/ |archive-date=19 July 2020 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=European Boxing Confederation |language=en-US |url-status=dead }}</ref> da [[Boxing at the 2019 European Games|Wasannin Turai na 2019]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogulj |first=Daniela |date=1 July 2019 |title=Croatia Wins Eight Medals at European Games in Minsk |url=https://www.total-croatia-news.com/sport/36870-croatia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719121121/https://www.total-croatia-news.com/sport/36870-croatia |archive-date=19 July 2020 |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=www.total-croatia-news.com |language=en-gb |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin dambe == === Damben mai son === Kickboxing na farko na Milun shine kickboxing, wanda ya fara horo a cikin [[Split]] . Bayan ya koma Zagreb don halartar makarantar 'yan sanda, ya fara horo tare da kocin dambe Leonard Pijetraj, kuma ya ƙaunaci wasanni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Podcast Inkubator #443 - Marko, Alen Babić i Marko Milun |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cb_an_uzOCk |access-date=3 October 2020 |website=youtube.com}}</ref> Milun ya halarci gasar tunawa da Istvan Bocskai na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Šestero hrvatskih boksača na Memorijalu Bocskai |url=http://www.croring.com/news/sestero-hrvatskih-boksaca-na-memorijalu-bocskai/20677.aspx |access-date=3 October 2020 |website=croring.com}}</ref> A wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe, Milun ya doke Stanley Koemans ta TKO a zagayen farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=(VIDEO) Milun u četvrtfinalu Debrecena |url=http://www.croring.com/news/video-milun-u-cetvrtfinalu-debrecena/20692.aspx |access-date=3 October 2020 |website=croring.com}}</ref> Ya tsallake zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ya fafata da Aziz Abbes Mouhiidine. Ya doke Aziz ne ta hanyar yanke hukunci. Ya tsallake zuwa wasan karshe inda ya sha kashi a hannun Aiboldy Daurenuly. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Boksač Marko Milun: Uprskao sam u finalu i zato sam srebrni |url=http://www.z1tv.hr/hr/vijesti/sport/boksa%C4%8D-marko-milun-uprskao-sam-u-finalu-i-zato-sam-srebrni,212.html |access-date=3 October 2020 |website=z1tv.hr}}</ref> Marko na gaba ya yi yaƙi a gasar dambe ta Turai U-22. Ya doke Vladislav Muravina ne ta hanyar rabe-raben yanke shawara, inda ya kai ga wasan karshe, inda ya fafata da Aziz Abbes Mouhiidine. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2018 |title=HRVATSKA IMA DVA FINALISTA NA EUROPSKOM PRVENSTVU! Fenomenalni Milun i Cvetković izborili okršaje za najsjajnija odličja, Filipi brončani |url=https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/sn/fight-site/hrvatska-ima-dva-finalista-na-europskom-prvenstvu-fenomenalni-milun-i-cvetkovic-izborili-okrsaje-za-najsjajnija-odlicja-filipi-broncani-7194210 |access-date=3 October 2020 |website=sportske.jutarnji.hr}}</ref> Aziz ya yi nasara a yakin da mafi rinjaye yanke shawara. Milun ya fafata a gasar EUBC, inda ya fafata da Alexei Zavatin a wasan daf da na kusa da karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2019 |title=EI: Milun se zagrijava za Zavatina |url=http://www.boks-savez.hr/hbs/ei-milun-se-zagrijava-za-zavatina/ |access-date=3 October 2020 |website=boks-savez.hr}}</ref> Ya doke shi da yanke shawara gaba daya, amma ya sha kaye a hannun Frazer Clarke a wasan kusa da na karshe ta hanyar yanke shawara gaba daya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marko Milun nakon dobrog početka u polufinalu PEU poražen do Engleza |url=https://www.profightstore.hr/portal/boks/marko-milun-nakon-dobrog-pocetka-u-polufinalu-peu-porazen-do-engleza/30731 |access-date=3 October 2020 |website=profightstore.hr}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ohjhuz00j09ln2dh2zilgl75ulxteir 0 120543 888216 735057 2026-07-27T16:39:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 888216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Colorado_low.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita a Colorado low]] Ƙarƙashin Colorado yanki ne mai ƙarancin matsa lamba wanda ke samuwa a kudu maso gabashin Colorado ko arewa maso gabashin New Mexico, yawanci a cikin hunturu. Bayan an kafa shi, tsarin yana motsawa zuwa Babban Filaye.[1] Colorado lows na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai nauyi, kuma yana da gaba ɗaya gabas zuwa motsi arewa maso gabas, yana tasiri yankuna har zuwa arewa har zuwa Winnipeg da kuma gabas har zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika. Idan yanayin matakin babba ya yi dai-dai, rafin jet zai iya tura ƙananan zuwa kudu, yana kawo hazo mai sanyi har zuwa Texas. Lokacin da aka tura wannan kudu mai nisa, ana kiran tsarin da "blue arewa". [ana binciken hujja] [citation need] A kan mafi yawan waƙa, ƙananan ƙananan Colorado na iya zama kama da na'urar yankan Alberta.[2] A cikin hunturu Colorado lows suna da alhakin yawancin dusar ƙanƙara da Midwest ke karɓa; duk da haka, tsarin rani na iya haifar da tsarin convective na dogon lokaci, gami da yanayi mai tsanani.[3] Lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin rani ƙananan cyclogenesis na Colorado na iya haifar da barkewar mahaukaciyar guguwa a kan Great Plains da Midwest. == Dubi kuma == * Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone (DCVZ) * Ƙananan Tekun * Bautar Ista ba * Ƙugiya ta Panhandle == Manazarta == cyg6imaf6wn1c1yuoazj4f9p7guecaj 888217 888216 2026-07-27T16:39:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 888217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Colorado_low.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita a Colorado low]] Ƙarƙashin Colorado yanki ne mai ƙarancin matsa lamba wanda ke samuwa a kudu maso gabashin Colorado ko arewa maso gabashin New Mexico, yawanci a cikin hunturu. Bayan an kafa shi, tsarin yana motsawa zuwa Babban Filaye.[1] Colorado lows na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai nauyi, kuma yana da gaba ɗaya gabas zuwa motsi arewa maso gabas, yana tasiri yankuna har zuwa arewa har zuwa Winnipeg da kuma gabas har zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika. Idan yanayin matakin babba ya yi dai-dai, rafin jet zai iya tura ƙananan zuwa kudu, yana kawo hazo mai sanyi har zuwa Texas. Lokacin da aka tura wannan kudu mai nisa, ana kiran tsarin da "blue arewa". [ana binciken hujja] [citation need] A kan mafi yawan waƙa, ƙananan ƙananan Colorado na iya zama kama da na'urar yankan Alberta.[2] A cikin hunturu Colorado lows suna da alhakin yawancin dusar ƙanƙara da Midwest ke karɓa; duk da haka, tsarin rani na iya haifar da tsarin convective na dogon lokaci, gami da yanayi mai tsanani. Lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin rani ƙananan cyclogenesis na Colorado na iya haifar da barkewar mahaukaciyar guguwa a kan Great Plains da Midwest. == Dubi kuma == * Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone (DCVZ) * Ƙananan Tekun * Bautar Ista ba * Ƙugiya ta Panhandle == Manazarta == kef45jelmydvoonwes4oa3nq2f8hsiv 888219 888217 2026-07-27T16:39:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 888219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Colorado_low.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita a Colorado low]] Ƙarƙashin Colorado yanki ne mai ƙarancin matsa lamba wanda ke samuwa a kudu maso gabashin Colorado ko arewa maso gabashin New Mexico, yawanci a cikin hunturu. Bayan an kafa shi, tsarin yana motsawa zuwa Babban Filaye.[1] Colorado lows na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai nauyi, kuma yana da gaba ɗaya gabas zuwa motsi arewa maso gabas, yana tasiri yankuna har zuwa arewa har zuwa Winnipeg da kuma gabas har zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika. Idan yanayin matakin babba ya yi dai-dai, rafin jet zai iya tura ƙananan zuwa kudu, yana kawo hazo mai sanyi har zuwa Texas. Lokacin da aka tura wannan kudu mai nisa, ana kiran tsarin da "blue arewa". [ana binciken hujja] [citation need] A kan mafi yawan waƙa, ƙananan ƙananan Colorado na iya zama kama da na'urar yankan Alberta. A cikin hunturu Colorado lows suna da alhakin yawancin dusar ƙanƙara da Midwest ke karɓa; duk da haka, tsarin rani na iya haifar da tsarin convective na dogon lokaci, gami da yanayi mai tsanani. Lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin rani ƙananan cyclogenesis na Colorado na iya haifar da barkewar mahaukaciyar guguwa a kan Great Plains da Midwest. == Dubi kuma == * Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone (DCVZ) * Ƙananan Tekun * Bautar Ista ba * Ƙugiya ta Panhandle == Manazarta == afdxiqszj9fu6l1iofuuhx0zxvg6usw 888221 888219 2026-07-27T16:40:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 888221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Colorado_low.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita a Colorado low]] Ƙarƙashin Colorado yanki ne mai ƙarancin matsa lamba wanda ke samuwa a kudu maso gabashin Colorado ko arewa maso gabashin New Mexico, yawanci a cikin hunturu. Bayan an kafa shi, tsarin yana motsawa zuwa Babban Filaye.[1] Colorado lows na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai nauyi, kuma yana da gaba ɗaya gabas zuwa motsi arewa maso gabas, yana tasiri yankuna har zuwa arewa har zuwa Winnipeg da kuma gabas har zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika. Idan yanayin matakin babba ya yi dai-dai, rafin jet zai iya tura ƙananan zuwa kudu, yana kawo hazo mai sanyi har zuwa Texas. Lokacin da aka tura wannan kudu mai nisa, ana kiran tsarin da "blue arewa". A kan mafi yawan waƙa, ƙananan ƙananan Colorado na iya zama kama da na'urar yankan Alberta. A cikin hunturu Colorado lows suna da alhakin yawancin dusar ƙanƙara da Midwest ke karɓa; duk da haka, tsarin rani na iya haifar da tsarin convective na dogon lokaci, gami da yanayi mai tsanani. Lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin rani ƙananan cyclogenesis na Colorado na iya haifar da barkewar mahaukaciyar guguwa a kan Great Plains da Midwest. == Dubi kuma == * Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone (DCVZ) * Ƙananan Tekun * Bautar Ista ba * Ƙugiya ta Panhandle == Manazarta == c1z5yx5e45mg6w0eke2ncrvlgin1neu 888222 888221 2026-07-27T16:40:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 888222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Colorado_low.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita a Colorado low]] Ƙarƙashin Colorado yanki ne mai ƙarancin matsa lamba wanda ke samuwa a kudu maso gabashin Colorado ko arewa maso gabashin New Mexico, yawanci a cikin hunturu. Bayan an kafa shi, tsarin yana motsawa zuwa Babban Filaye. Colorado lows na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai nauyi, kuma yana da gaba ɗaya gabas zuwa motsi arewa maso gabas, yana tasiri yankuna har zuwa arewa har zuwa Winnipeg da kuma gabas har zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika. Idan yanayin matakin babba ya yi dai-dai, rafin jet zai iya tura ƙananan zuwa kudu, yana kawo hazo mai sanyi har zuwa Texas. Lokacin da aka tura wannan kudu mai nisa, ana kiran tsarin da "blue arewa". A kan mafi yawan waƙa, ƙananan ƙananan Colorado na iya zama kama da na'urar yankan Alberta. A cikin hunturu Colorado lows suna da alhakin yawancin dusar ƙanƙara da Midwest ke karɓa; duk da haka, tsarin rani na iya haifar da tsarin convective na dogon lokaci, gami da yanayi mai tsanani. Lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin rani ƙananan cyclogenesis na Colorado na iya haifar da barkewar mahaukaciyar guguwa a kan Great Plains da Midwest. == Dubi kuma == * Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone (DCVZ) * Ƙananan Tekun * Bautar Ista ba * Ƙugiya ta Panhandle == Manazarta == qehbhbr7anud80i5vaqp2e6qojuosng 888223 888222 2026-07-27T16:40:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 888223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Colorado_low.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita a Colorado low]] Ƙarƙashin Colorado yanki ne mai ƙarancin matsa lamba wanda ke samuwa a kudu maso gabashin Colorado ko arewa maso gabashin New Mexico, yawanci a cikin hunturu. Bayan an kafa shi, tsarin yana motsawa zuwa Babban Filaye. Colorado lows na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai nauyi, kuma yana da gaba ɗaya gabas zuwa motsi arewa maso gabas, yana tasiri yankuna har zuwa arewa har zuwa Winnipeg da kuma gabas har zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika. Idan yanayin matakin babba ya yi dai-dai, rafin jet zai iya tura ƙananan zuwa kudu, yana kawo hazo mai sanyi har zuwa Texas. Lokacin da aka tura wannan kudu mai nisa, ana kiran tsarin da "blue arewa". A kan mafi yawan waƙa, ƙananan ƙananan Colorado na iya zama kama da na'urar yankan Alberta. A cikin hunturu Colorado lows suna da alhakin yawancin dusar ƙanƙara da Midwest ke karɓa; duk da haka, tsarin rani na iya haifar da tsarin convective na dogon lokaci, gami da yanayi mai tsanani. Lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin rani ƙananan cyclogenesis na Colorado na iya haifar da barkewar mahaukaciyar guguwa a kan Great Plains da Midwest.<ref>National Weather Service. "Colorado Low". National Weather Service Glossary. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone (DCVZ) * Ƙananan Tekun * Bautar Ista ba * Ƙugiya ta Panhandle == Manazarta == nu1aoopz8xiqkpyqzoum4xqzytscze0 888224 888223 2026-07-27T16:41:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 888224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Colorado_low.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita a Colorado low]] Ƙarƙashin Colorado yanki ne mai ƙarancin matsa lamba wanda ke samuwa a kudu maso gabashin Colorado ko arewa maso gabashin New Mexico, yawanci a cikin hunturu. Bayan an kafa shi, tsarin yana motsawa zuwa Babban Filaye. Colorado lows na iya haifar da ruwan sama mai nauyi, kuma yana da gaba ɗaya gabas zuwa motsi arewa maso gabas, yana tasiri yankuna har zuwa arewa har zuwa Winnipeg da kuma gabas har zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika. Idan yanayin matakin babba ya yi dai-dai, rafin jet zai iya tura ƙananan zuwa kudu, yana kawo hazo mai sanyi har zuwa Texas. Lokacin da aka tura wannan kudu mai nisa, ana kiran tsarin da "blue arewa". A kan mafi yawan waƙa, ƙananan ƙananan Colorado na iya zama kama da na'urar yankan Alberta. A cikin hunturu Colorado lows suna da alhakin yawancin dusar ƙanƙara da Midwest ke karɓa; duk da haka, tsarin rani na iya haifar da tsarin convective na dogon lokaci, gami da yanayi mai tsanani. Lokacin bazara da farkon lokacin rani ƙananan cyclogenesis na Colorado na iya haifar da barkewar mahaukaciyar guguwa a kan Great Plains da Midwest.<ref>National Weather Service. "Colorado Low". National Weather Service Glossary. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone (DCVZ) * Ƙananan Tekun * Bautar Ista ba * Ƙugiya ta Panhandle == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 56p4q72inw1xl7yyfn375pjqug3d0m2 0 121071 888352 862276 2026-07-28T03:14:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Manufar visa ta [[Nepal]]''' tana bawa 'yan ƙasa na yawancin ƙasashe damar samun ko dai takardar izinin yawon shakatawa ta kan layi ko biza yayin isowa yayin da 'yan ƙasar [[Indiya]] ke ba da izinin [['Yanci na motsi|'yancin motsi]] . Koyaya, 'yan ƙasar wasu ƙasashe dole ne su sami [[biza]] daga ɗayan [[List of diplomatic missions of Nepal|ofisoshin diflomasiyyar Nepale]] . Duk masu ziyara dole ne su sami fasfo mai aiki na akalla watanni 6 daga ranar zuwa kuma an ba su izinin zama a Nepal na tsawon kwanaki 150 a cikin shekara ta kalanda 1. == Taswirar manufofin Visa == [[Fayil:Visa_policy_of_Nepal.svg|none|thumb|678x678px|Manufar Visa na Nepal]] == 'Yancin motsi == Mutanen ƙasar Indiya ba sa buƙatar visa don shiga Nepal. Za su iya zama a cikin ƙasar na dindindin kamar yadda Mataki na 7 na [[1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship|1950 Indo-Nepal Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya da Abokantaka]] ta ba da damar zirga-zirgar mutane cikin 'yanci tsakanin ƙasashen 2 bisa ga ma'amala. 'Yan ƙasar Indiya na iya amfani da [[Indian passport|fasfo na Indiya]] ko [[Voter ID (India)|katin shaidar zabe]] mai hoto don shiga Nepal daga Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Information for Indian citizens travelling to Nepal |url=https://www.indembkathmandu.gov.in/valid-travel-documents}}</ref> == Visa a kan isowa == [[Fayil:Nepal_Visa_on_Arrival.jpg|thumb|Visa yawon bude ido kyauta ana bayar da shi a wurin binciken Kakarbhitta]] Mutanen ƙasar waje na iya samun biza lokacin isowa wanda ke da kyau ga shigarwar da yawa kuma yana bawa baƙo damar zama na ƙasa da kwanaki 15, 30 ko 90. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Available Services |url=https://nepaliport.immigration.gov.np/ |access-date=2025-11-24 |archive-date=2023-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713202502/https://nepaliport.immigration.gov.np/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bugu da kari, 'yan kasashen waje na iya samun takardar biza ta kiosks a filin [[jirgin sama]]. Masu riƙe fasfo na wucin gadi ba su cancanci sai dai idan suna da [[Fasfo na Najeriya|fasfo]] na wucin gadi da kowace [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] memba [[Tarayyar Turai|ta Tarayyar Turai]] ta bayar. Ana samun Visa a isowa a: <ref>{{Cite web |title=20181009持普通护照中国公民前往有关国家和地区入境便利待遇一览表.doc（备注1） |url=http://cs.mfa.gov.cn/gyls/lsgz/fwxx/P020181010312769398184.doc |website=中国领事服务网}}</ref> * Filin jirgin sama na Tribhuvan, [[Kathmandu]] * Birganj ( iyakar [[Indiya]] ) * Bheemdatta (iyakar Indiya) * Dhangadhi (iyakar Indiya) * Nepalgunj (iyakar Indiya) * Kakarbhitta (iyakar Indiya) * Kodari ( iyakar [[Sin|China]], kishiyar: Zhangmu ) * Siddharthanagar (iyakar Indiya) === Biza kyauta lokacin isowa === Jama'ar Kudancin Asiya na Ƙungiyar Haɗin gwiwar Yanki (SAARC) mambobi (ban da [[Afghanistan]] ) na iya samun takardar izinin shiga kyauta na kwanaki 30: {| style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; margin:10px 0px; padding: 5px;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | * {{Flag|Bangladesh}} * {{Flag|Bhutan}} * {{Flag|Maldives}} | valign="top" | * {{Flag|Pakistan}} * {{Flag|Sri Lanka}} | |} Jama'a na ƙasashe da yankuna masu zuwa na iya samun biza kyauta idan sun zo yawon buɗe ido: <ref>{{Cite web |last=西藏商报 |title=昨起 中国赴尼游客出签免费 |url=http://roll.sohu.com/20160107/n433765352.shtml |publisher=搜狐新闻}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal abolishes visa fees for Chinese tourists |url=http://www.nepalnow.org/news/nepal-waives-visa-fees-for-chinese-tourists/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627104102/http://www.nepalnow.org/news/nepal-waives-visa-fees-for-chinese-tourists/ |archive-date=2017-06-27 |access-date=2016-01-07}}</ref> {| style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Hong Kong}} * {{Flag|Macao}} | |} == Fasfo na yau da kullun == Masu riƙe fasfo ɗin [[diflomasiya]] ko sabis na ƙasashe masu zuwa na iya shiga Nepal ba tare da biza ba har tsawon kwanaki 30 (sai dai in an lura): <ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Migration, Nepal |url=https://immigration.gov.np/page/visa-exemption |access-date=2025-11-24 |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213184203/https://www.immigration.gov.np/page/visa-exemption |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| style="border-radius:1em; box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background:white; border:1px solid white; margin:10px 0px; padding:5px;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | * {{Flag|Brazil}} * {{Flag|Cambodia}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|Israel}} (Diplomatic passports only) (90 days) | valign="top" | * {{Flag|Mongolia}} * {{Flag|Myanmar}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notification letter to inform China that Nepal and Myanmar signed a agreement on visa |url=http://www.myanmarembassy.com/pdf/Visa%20exemption%20Between%20Myanmar%20and%20Nepal.pdf}}</ref> (90 days) * {{Flag|Russia}} (90 days) * {{Flag|Singapore}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} (90 days) * {{Flag|Vietnam}} | |} * An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar keɓancewar biza ga masu riƙe fasfo ɗin diflomasiyya da sabis tare da [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] a watan Satumba na 2024, amma har yanzu ba a amince da ita ba. * An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar keɓancewar biza ga masu riƙe fasfo na diflomasiyya da na hukuma tare da [[Serbiya|Serbia]] a watan Satumba na 2024, amma har yanzu ba a amince da ita ba. == Visa yawon bude ido na kan layi == Har ila yau, 'yan kasashen waje na iya samun takardar izinin yawon shakatawa ta kan layi don shiga Nepal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Tourist Visa |url=https://nepaliport.immigration.gov.np/online}}</ref> == Ana buƙatar Visa a gaba == Dole ne 'yan ƙasa na ƙasashe da yankuna masu zuwa su nemi visa a ofisoshin diflomasiyyar Nepalese : <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prohibition to Visa on Arrival |url=http://www.nepalimmigration.gov.np/article/141/prohibition-to-visa-on-arrival.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605052758/http://www.nepalimmigration.gov.np/article/141/prohibition-to-visa-on-arrival.html |archive-date=2018-06-05 |access-date=2018-01-03}}</ref> {| style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; margin:10px 0px; padding: 5px;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | * {{Flag|Afghanistan}} * {{Flag|Cameroon}} * {{Flag|Eswatini}} * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} * {{Flag|Ghana}} * {{Flag|Iraq}} | valign="top" | * {{Flag|Liberia}} * {{Flag|Nigeria}} * {{Flag|Palestine}} * {{Flag|Somalia}} * {{Flag|Syria}} * {{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | |} == Kididdigar baƙo == Yawancin maziyartan da suka je Nepal don yawon buɗe ido sun fito ne daga ƙasashe masu zuwa (ban da Indiya): <ref>{{Cite web |title=Downloads - Nepal Tourism Statistics |url=http://trade.welcomenepal.com/downloads-cat/nepal-tourism-statistics/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028022825/http://trade.welcomenepal.com/downloads-cat/nepal-tourism-statistics/ |archive-date=October 28, 2016 |website=trade.welcomenepal.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ƙasa ! 2016 ! 2015 |- |{{Flag|China}} | 66,984 | 123,805 |- |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} | 44,367 | 37,546 |- |{{Flag|United States}} | 42,687 | 49,830 |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} | 30,953 | 33,422 |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} | 29,730 | 36,759 |- |{{Flag|Australia}} | 18,619 | 24,516 |- |{{Flag|South Korea}} | 18,112 | 23,205 |- |{{Flag|Japan}} | 17,613 | 25,829 |- |{{Flag|France}} | 16,405 | 24,097 |- |{{Flag|Germany}} | 16,405 | 18,028 |- | Jimlar | 538,970 | 790,118 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h4qghynxdnfelr7z2zt293qhpma7del 0 123446 888441 748537 2026-07-28T10:44:08Z BnHamid 12586 888441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranar 22 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2020, an yi wa '''Emily Grace Jones''' mai shekaru 7 wuka a Queen's Park a [[Bolton]], Greater Manchester, Ingila, yayin da take hawa babur dinta kuma ta mutu jim kadan bayan haka.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=2 April 2020 |title=Tragic Emily was killed as she played on her scooter, inquest hears |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18350817.tragic-emily-killed-played-scooter-inquest-hears/ |access-date=2020-05-12 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> Eltiona Skana, wata mace mai shekaru 30 da ba a san ta da iyalin Jones ba, an kama ta a wurin kuma daga baya aka tuhume ta da kisan kai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=26 May 2020 |title=Judge expresses sympathy to tragic Emily's father at preliminary murder hearing |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18475249.judge-expresses-sympathy-tragic-emilys-father-preliminary-murder-hearing/ |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> Skana ta yi ikirarin aikata laifin kisan kai a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2020. Bayan shari'a a Kotun Crown ta Minshull Street daga 26 ga Nuwamba zuwa 4 ga Disamba, masu gabatar da kara sun janye zargin kisan kai kuma an umarci juriya da su dawo da hukunce-hukuncen da ba su da laifi don kisan kai.<ref name=":not guilty">{{Cite web |date=2020-12-04 |title=Emily Jones: Bolton child's killer cleared of murder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-55189658 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, an ba ta hukuncin rai da rai, tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru takwas, don yanke mata hukuncin kisan kai.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Damon |last2=McDonnell |first2=Seamus |date=2020-12-08 |title=Emily Jones' killer Eltiona Skana given life sentence |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/breaking-emily-jones-killer-eltiona-19417976 |access-date=2020-12-08 |website=Manchester Evening News |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Janairun 2021, an kara mafi karancin hukuncin Skana zuwa shekaru 10 da watanni takwas, tare da alƙalin da ke jagorantar da ya bayyana mafi karancin hukunci da ya gabata an "ƙididdige shi cikin kuskure". == Wanda aka azabtar == An haifi Emily Grace Jones a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 2013 a [[Bolton]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=2 April 2020 |title=Tragic Emily was killed as she played on her scooter, inquest hears |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18350817.tragic-emily-killed-played-scooter-inquest-hears/ |access-date=2020-05-12 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> Iyayenta sune Manajan bashi Mark Jones da lauya Sarah Barnes . Iyalin sun fito ne daga yankin Doffcocker . <ref name=":1" /> Iyayen Jones sun ce, "Emily tana da shekaru bakwai, ɗarinta kaɗai da hasken rayuwarmu. Kullum tana cike da farin ciki, soyayya da dariya".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kashewa == Iyalin Jones sun kasance a Queen's Park a Bolton a ranar 22 ga Maris 2020, wanda shine Ranar Uwa a Ingila. Jami'in Mai bincike 'yan sanda Rebecca Gardner ya bayyana harin, "Emily tana kan babur dinta tana wasa. Yayin da ta hau kan benci na katako, wata mace ta zauna a kan benci ba zato ba tsammani ta kai wa Emily hari, ta yi mata rauni a wuyanta, ta haifar da mummunan rauni. An kai Emily Asibitin Salford Royal, amma duk da kokarin da aka fi yi na ceci Emily an bayyana ta mutu a 15:56 a wannan rana. " <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=2 April 2020 |title=Tragic Emily was killed as she played on her scooter, inquest hears |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18350817.tragic-emily-killed-played-scooter-inquest-hears/ |access-date=2020-05-12 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> Mai binciken Alan Walsh ya ce, "<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A safiyar harin, mai aikata laifin ya sayi wani kunshin wuƙaƙe uku, daya daga cikinsu ta yi amfani da shi don kashe Jones, daga wani shago a tsakiyar garin Bolton.<ref name="Wilkinson">{{Cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Damon |last2=McDonnell |first2=Seamus |date=2020-12-08 |title=Every word the judge said as he gave Emily Jones' killer a life sentence |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/every-word-judge-said-gave-19418149 |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=Manchester Evening News |language=en}}</ref> Nan da nan bayan wuka, Skana ya yi ƙoƙari ya tsere daga yankin, amma wani memba na jama'a ya kai shi ƙasa kuma ya hana shi har sai 'yan sanda suka iso. An kama wata mace mai shekaru 30 da ba a san ta da dangin Jones ba a wurin.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=2 April 2020 |title=Tragic Emily was killed as she played on her scooter, inquest hears |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18350817.tragic-emily-killed-played-scooter-inquest-hears/ |access-date=2020-05-12 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> An tsare ta a karkashin Dokar Lafiya ta Zuciya kuma an sanya ta a cikin wani babban asibiti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> An bude bincike game da mutuwar Jones a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, kuma an dage shi zuwa 3 ga Yuli.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Martin |date=2020-03-25 |title=Family of girl murdered by stranger in random attack pay tribute to the 'light of their lives' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/family-girl-murdered-stranger-random-attack-pay-tribute-light/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=McDonnell |first=Seamus |date=20 May 2020 |title=Woman Charged with Murder of Seven-year-old Emily Jones in Bolton Park |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/breaking-woman-charged-murder-seven-18281741 |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[Manchester Evening News]]}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 'yan sanda na Greater Manchester sun ba da sunan wanda ake zargi da Eltiona Skana (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1990), wanda asalinsa daga Albania ne. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=26 May 2020 |title=Judge expresses sympathy to tragic Emily's father at preliminary murder hearing |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18475249.judge-expresses-sympathy-tragic-emilys-father-preliminary-murder-hearing/ |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta yi aure a watan Fabrairun 2012 kuma ta koma [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]], amma ta koma Albania a watan Satumbar 2013. Daga nan sai ta sake barin Albania kuma ta tafi Jamus, inda 'yar'uwarta ta shirya wani wakili don jigilar Skana ta hanyar Italiya da Faransa kuma ta shigo da ita zuwa Ingila a kan babbar mota.<ref name="DAY 5: Emily Jones murder trial">{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=2 December 2020 |title=DAY 5: Emily Jones murder trial |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18914274.day-5-emily-jones-murder-trial/ |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="theboltonnews.co.uk">{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=9 December 2020 |title=Skana: A history of violence and mental illness |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18929974.skana-history-violence-mental-illness/ |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> Skana ta yi ikirarin mafaka lokacin da ta isa Ingila a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 2014. <ref name="theboltonnews.co.uk" /> Da farko an ki amincewa da aikace-aikacen mafaka a watan Yunin 2018, amma an soke wannan shawarar bayan daukaka kara kuma an ba ta izinin zama har zuwa Nuwamba 2020, kuma ta bar ta ta ta kasance har zuwa 2024.<ref name="DAY 5: Emily Jones murder trial" /> Skana daga baya ta yarda da yin ƙarya a kan aikace-aikacen mafaka, ta hanyar yin ikirarin ƙarya cewa an yi mata fataucin mutane ne.<ref name="theboltonnews.co.uk" /> A lokacin da aka kama ta, Skana ba ta da aiki kuma tana zaune a cikin ɗaki a Bolton.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=2020-11-28 |title=Woman was 'calm' after killing Emily, 7, in park on Mother's Day |url=https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/18905110.woman-calm-killing-emily-7-park/ |access-date=2020-11-28 |website=Lancashire Telegraph |language=en}}</ref> An tuhumi Skana da kisan kai tare da mallakar wani labarin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> An tsare ta a tsare kuma an shirya ta bayyana a Kotun Majistare ta Manchester da Salford a ranar 26 ga Mayu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Martin |date=2020-03-25 |title=Family of girl murdered by stranger in random attack pay tribute to the 'light of their lives' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/family-girl-murdered-stranger-random-attack-pay-tribute-light/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Ba ta shigar da roko ga tuhumar ba a bayyanar kotu ta Mayu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McDonnell |first=Seamus |date=20 May 2020 |title=Woman Charged with Murder of Seven-year-old Emily Jones in Bolton Park |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/breaking-woman-charged-murder-seven-18281741 |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[Manchester Evening News]]}}</ref> An gudanar da karar da kuma shirye-shiryen shari'a a ranar 5 ga Oktoba. Da yake bayyana ta hanyar haɗin bidiyo daga asibitin Rampton Secure, Skana ba ta yi magana a sauraron watan Oktoba ba, kuma lauyanta ya nemi cewa tuhumar ta faru a wani lokaci daga baya. Alkalin da ke jagorantar, Mista Justice Henshaw, ya dakatar da aikin har zuwa 6 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=26 May 2020 |title=Judge expresses sympathy to tragic Emily's father at preliminary murder hearing |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18475249.judge-expresses-sympathy-tragic-emilys-father-preliminary-murder-hearing/ |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A sauraron watan Nuwamba, Skana ya musanta zargi kisan kai, amma ya yarda da laifin kisan kai ga ƙarami da aka haɗa da laifin Kashewa-kashen kai bisa la'akari da rage alhakin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> An nemi a dakatar da sauraron na kwanaki bakwai don ba masu gabatar da kara lokacin da za su yi la'akari da rokon kisan kai. Mai shari'a Henshaw ya ba da jinkirin, kuma ya kara da cewa shari'ar za ta ci gaba bisa ga "cikakken shari'a".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Martin |date=2020-03-25 |title=Family of girl murdered by stranger in random attack pay tribute to the 'light of their lives' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/family-girl-murdered-stranger-random-attack-pay-tribute-light/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=McDonnell |first=Seamus |date=20 May 2020 |title=Woman Charged with Murder of Seven-year-old Emily Jones in Bolton Park |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/breaking-woman-charged-murder-seven-18281741 |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[Manchester Evening News]]}}</ref> An fara shari'ar Skana a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2020. <ref name=":Trial Day 1">{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=2020-11-26 |title=Murder trial starts after Mother's Day killing of Emily Jones, 7 |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18900147.murder-trial-starts-mothers-day-killing-emily-jones-7/ |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> Kotun ta ji cewa an kwantar da Skana a [[Asibitin Cututtukan Zuciya|Asibitin mahaukaci]] a shekarar 2015 bayan ta yi barazanar makwabtanta da makami, kuma an sake tsare ta kuma an ba ta ƙarin magani a shekarar 2017 lokacin da ta yi wa mahaifiyarta wuka a hannunta kuma ta yi barazana ga 'yar'uwarta.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> 'Yan sanda sun gano magungunan rigakafi a cikin gidan Skana bayan kama ta, wanda mai kare lauya Simon Csoka ya ce ya kai "kimanin wata daya". A rana ta huɗu ta shari'ar, wata ma'aikaciyar jinya a asibitin Rampton, ta ce Skana ta gaya masa, "'Na kashe wani, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa nake nan.' Ta ce, 'an shirya shi, na jira a wurin shakatawa, na zaɓi wanda aka azabtar kuma na kashe wani kuma na yi ƙoƙarin guduwa.' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Martin |date=2020-03-25 |title=Family of girl murdered by stranger in random attack pay tribute to the 'light of their lives' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/family-girl-murdered-stranger-random-attack-pay-tribute-light/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Dokta Syed Afghan, mai ba da shawara kan ilimin halayyar mutum, ya ce a rana ta shida ta shari'a cewa Skana tana da tarihin tashin hankali lokacin da ba ta magani ba ta magani. Ya bayyana cewa, a lokacin da aka tsare Skana a asibitin Rampton, an amince da juna don dakatar da maganin rigakafi, bayan haka ma'aikatan asibitin sun lura da Skana yana nuna halin ban mamaki. An gan ta "yi dariya sosai" bayan ta lura da wata yarinya a talabijin wacce ta yi kama da Jones, kuma a wani abin da ya faru Skana ta yi fushi kuma tana da "rashin ƙarfi a baki". Dokta Afghan ya ci gaba da maganin rigakafi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, kuma ya shaida a kotu cewa akwai "babban shaida" cewa Skana tana da [[Hauka|paranoid schizophrenia]] . Da farko masu gabatar da kara sun yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a yanke wa Skana hukunci kan kisan kai, suna mai lura da cewa ta sayi wuka da safe ta tafi wurin shakatawa ta kashe Jones, kuma ta bayyana cewa Skana tana amfani da tarihinta na rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa a matsayin "zubar da ta dace" don laifin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2020, biyo bayan shaidar Dr. Afghan, lauyan mai gabatar da kara Michael Brady ya ce "babu wani yiwuwar tabbatar da kisan kai" don kisan kai, kuma ya nemi juriya su sami Skana ba ta da laifi game da wannan laifin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Martin |date=2020-03-25 |title=Family of girl murdered by stranger in random attack pay tribute to the 'light of their lives' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/family-girl-murdered-stranger-random-attack-pay-tribute-light/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Alkalin shari'a, Mista Justice Wall, ya shirya hukuncin kisa don yanke hukunci na kisan kai a ranar 8 ga Disamba.<ref name=":not guilty">{{Cite web |date=2020-12-04 |title=Emily Jones: Bolton child's killer cleared of murder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-55189658 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> A wannan rana, Skana ta sami hukuncin rai da rai, tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru takwas kafin samun cancanta don saki.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Damon |last2=McDonnell |first2=Seamus |date=2020-12-08 |title=Emily Jones' killer Eltiona Skana given life sentence |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/breaking-emily-jones-killer-eltiona-19417976 |access-date=2020-12-08 |website=Manchester Evening News |language=en}}</ref> Kafin yanke masa hukunci, Mark Jones, mahaifin wanda aka azabtar, ya ce abin da ya faru da 'yarsa "furin jama'a ne".<ref>{{Cite news |last=McDonnell |first=Seamus |date=20 May 2020 |title=Woman Charged with Murder of Seven-year-old Emily Jones in Bolton Park |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/breaking-woman-charged-murder-seven-18281741 |access-date=20 May 2021 |newspaper=[[Manchester Evening News]]}}</ref> A cikin wata sanarwa da aka yi wa wanda aka azabtar, Jones ta ce, "Emily yaro ne mai rauni cike da rashin laifi da mamaki, tana farawa ne kawai a kan hanyar rayuwarta kuma an yanke makomarta. Ta yaya za mu iya jin daɗin rayuwa lokacin da aka cire mafi kyawun ɓangarensa? ... Ba zan iya fahimtar dalilin da ya sa wannan ya faru ba. Muna son mutane su ji wannan sanarwa su fahimci cewa wannan bai kamata ya faru ba, Ta yaya za a kashe yaro marar laifi da ke wasa a wurin shakatawa a irin wannan mummunar hanya?" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowe |first=Joanne |date=26 May 2020 |title=Judge expresses sympathy to tragic Emily's father at preliminary murder hearing |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18475249.judge-expresses-sympathy-tragic-emilys-father-preliminary-murder-hearing/ |access-date=2020-11-07 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> == Kurkuku == Masu kare Skana sun yi jayayya yayin shari'ar cewa "amfanin jama'a ya dace" da tsare-tsare a asibitin mahaukaci maimakon kurkuku.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mista Justice Wall ya umarci Skana ta yi wa'adin ta a Asibitin Tsaro na Rampton, kuma ya tsara cewa ya kamata a saki Skana ne kawai idan ba ta da haɗari ga jama'a. Ya kara da cewa, duk da rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa, Skana tana da "babban alhakin" ga laifin, wanda ya tabbatar da umarnin "haɗe-haɗe" maimakon [[Hospital order|Umurnin asibiti]], ma'ana Skana tana na yiwuwar canja wurin ta daga asibiti zuwa kurkuku don yin sauran hukuncin idan yanayinta ya inganta sosai.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Martin |date=2020-03-25 |title=Family of girl murdered by stranger in random attack pay tribute to the 'light of their lives' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/family-girl-murdered-stranger-random-attack-pay-tribute-light/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> A lokacin da ya ba da hukuncin, Mista Mai Shari'a Wall ya gaya wa Skana cewa "abin da wannan ke nufi shi ne cewa za a tsare ku a asibiti har sai ba lallai ba ne. Idan ko kuma lokacin da ba lallai bane za a sake ku zuwa kurkuku. Da zarar a cikin kurkuku za ku cika ragowar hukuncin da na ɗora. " <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Damon |last2=McDonnell |first2=Seamus |date=2020-12-08 |title=Emily Jones' killer Eltiona Skana given life sentence |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/breaking-emily-jones-killer-eltiona-19417976 |access-date=2020-12-08 |website=Manchester Evening News |language=en}}</ref> Saboda lokacin tsare-tsare kafin shari'a, an rage kwanaki 196 daga mafi ƙarancin shekaru takwas na Skana. A kammala maganganunsa na yanke hukunci, Mista Justice Wall ya ce, "Idan ba a taba ganin kun cancanci a sake ku ba za ku kasance a asibiti ko kurkuku har tsawon rayuwarku".<ref name="Wilkinson">{{Cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Damon |last2=McDonnell |first2=Seamus |date=2020-12-08 |title=Every word the judge said as he gave Emily Jones' killer a life sentence |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/every-word-judge-said-gave-19418149 |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=Manchester Evening News |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Janairun 2021, an kara mafi karancin hukuncin Skana daga shekaru takwas zuwa shekaru 10 da watanni takwas. Mai shari'a Wall ya bayyana cewa ya kai ga mafi ƙarancin shekaru takwas ta hanyar rage hukuncin da aka yanke na shekaru 16, amma ya kara da cewa "lokacin da na zartar da wannan hukuncin na manta daga 1 ga Afrilu 2020 dokar game da mafi ƙaranci lokacin da za a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar mai aikata laifuka ko jima'i wanda hukuncinsa ya wuce shekaru bakwai ya kasance kashi biyu bisa uku, kuma babu rabin hukuncin da aka yi amfani da ita a kotun, wanda duk a cikin kotu ya fadi, wanda mahaifin Jones Mark Mark ya ce ya riga ya sami cikakkiyar alhakin ya sami damar ya sami damar yin hakan".[1][2][3][4] GMMH Trust ta gudanar da bita na ciki kuma ta kammala cewa ba za ta iya hango harin ba. Mark Jones ya ce bita na ciki bai isa ba, "Yana da kunya sosai a kasance mai gaskiya saboda sun tsara duk waɗannan gazawar, kuma akwai abubuwa da yawa, kuma a ƙarshen layin su na ƙarshe shine, 'har yanzu muna tunanin harin da aka kai wa 'yarka ba zai yiwu ba", wanda ba'a ne. Na yi magana da Shugaba a lokuta da yawa kuma na gaya masa a nan, 'Zan yi mafi girma. Kuna buƙatar yarda da alhakin kuma neman gafara ga iyalina. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> GMH Ingila daga baya ya fara binciken NHS da Trust.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Martin |date=2020-03-25 |title=Family of girl murdered by stranger in random attack pay tribute to the 'light of their lives' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/family-girl-murdered-stranger-random-attack-pay-tribute-light/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> == Abin Tunawa == Jones dalibi ne a makarantar firamare ta Markland Hill a Bolton . Bayan kashe ta, makarantar ta sanar da shirye-shiryen lambun tunawa. An cimma burin tara kudi na £ 5,000 a cikin awanni 12, kuma nan da nan ya wuce £ 11,000. Shugaban makarantar Louise Close ya ce: "Muna son gado na dindindin ga wannan yarinya wacce aka dauka da wuri-wuri, da sauri da kuma bala'i. "<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Martin |date=2020-03-25 |title=Family of girl murdered by stranger in random attack pay tribute to the 'light of their lives' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/family-girl-murdered-stranger-random-attack-pay-tribute-light/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Wani taron tara kudade daban wanda iyayen Jones suka fara ya tara sama da £ 10,000 a cikin awanni 24, tare da kudaden da ke zuwa Bolton Lads' and Girls' Club, wanda ke ba da wasanni da ayyukan fasaha ga yara da matasa a duk faɗin Bolton.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-03-25 |title=Stab death girl, 7, was 'light of our life' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-manchester-52040433 |access-date=2020-04-27 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya kai sama da £ 25,000 a lokacin da aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa a watan Disamba.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Evans |first=Martin |date=2020-03-25 |title=Family of girl murdered by stranger in random attack pay tribute to the 'light of their lives' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/family-girl-murdered-stranger-random-attack-pay-tribute-light/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Dokokin wuka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r5w4z7j7o4kz92hii3dspv47zsx943z 0 123546 888387 827895 2026-07-28T09:49:12Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Keb Cuevas''' (; Sinanci; ; an haife shi '''Kevin San Miguel Cuevas'''; 6 ga Oktoban shekera ta 1995) ɗan kasuwa ne na fasahar Filipino, masanin noma kuma ɗan Jaridar kimiyya. An fi saninsa da Babban Masanin Noma kuma wanda ya kafa Tagani, dandalin aikin gona na dijital, da kuma samar da abubuwan ilimin kimiyya a kan [[TikTok]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dulay |first=Patch |date=December 11, 2020 |title=The Spark Project – Beyond FarmVille and Convention: Tagani and The Farming Millennial |url=https://www.thesparkproject.com/beyond-farmville-and-convention-tagani-and-the-farming-millennial/ |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=The Spark Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Cuevas a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida ga gidan yanar gizon labarai na zamantakewa na Philippines Rappler.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Muck Rack {{!}} For journalists and public relations |url=https://muckrack.com/kebcuevas |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=muckrack.com |language=en}}</ref>{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}}{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}}{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}} A cikin 2018, an lasafta shi daya daga cikin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta Matasan Shugabannin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya (YSEALI) don kasuwanci na zamantakewa da Ci gaban tattalin arziki.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2019 |title=YSEALI Brown University Fall 2018 Highlights |url=https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426022209/https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |website=Brown University Swearer Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Ya kuma sami ganuwar jama'a a matsayin mai hamayya a jerin wasannin cinikayya na gaskiya Project GO.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Keb Cuevas |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm17233640/ |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane a ƙarƙashin "Kym Chua Valencia". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Keb Cuevas a matsayin Kevin San Miguel Cuevas ne a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1995, a [[Las Piñas|Birnin Las Piñas]] kuma ya fito ne daga asalin kasar Sin-Filipino.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader – About |url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-date=March 14, 2025 |access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref> Shi ne ɗan farko na direban keke uku da mai shagon sari-sari kuma yana da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa. Yayinda yake girma, Cuevas ya fara aiki tun yana ƙarami, yana shiga cikin gasa na mawaƙa don taimakawa wajen tallafawa iliminsa, kuma ya taimaka wajen gudanar da kasuwancin kantin sayar da kwamfuta na iyalinsa har sai da ya koma [[Los Baños|Los Baños, Laguna]] don kwaleji. Ya kammala karatunsa na firamare a shekara ta 2008 a makarantar firamare ta Almanza, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin editan jaridar makaranta.<ref name=":22" /> Ya girma [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]], ya kammala makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Saint Anthony ta Las Piñas a matsayin babban editan makarantar. Daga baya ya bi shekarunsa na farko na kwaleji a Jami'ar Adamson, duka cibiyoyin Katolika. Bayan lokaci, dangin Cuevas sun rungumi [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha na Mahayana]] kuma ya fara yin Wushu, fasahar yaƙi ta kasar Sin.<ref name=":2"/> Ya sami digiri na farko a cikin gudanar da kasuwancin gona a Jami'ar Philippines Los Baños kuma ya zama mai lasisi mai aikin gona.<ref name=":2"/> A lokacin da yake UPLB, ya kafa Amiga Philippines, aikin da ke koyar da lissafin kuɗi ga mata manoma a Calauan, Laguna.<ref name=":0"/> Shirin ya sami karbuwa ta kasa, ya zama wani ɓangare na Kyaututtuka Goma na Ƙungiyoyin Matasa (TAYO) na Hukumar Matasa ta Kasa a cikin 2016.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Serafica |first=Raisa Marielle |date=April 2, 2017 |title=WATCH: Empowering housewives through social enterprises |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/165884-empowering-housewives-social-enterprises-enactus-uplb/ |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatun tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Brown daga tallafin karatu na Ofishin Al'adu da Ilimi na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka.<ref name=":7"/> Ya kuma bi digiri na Master's Science a kimiyyar bayanai a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Philippines Manila . A cikin 2023, an shigar da shi cikin Doctor of Philosophy in Data Science program a Jami'ar Philippines Diliman, ci gaba da inganta kwarewarsa a kimiyyar bayanai da aikace-aikacenta.<ref name=":2"/> == Ayyuka == === Jarida da sadarwa ta kimiyya === Cuevas ya fara aikin jarida a Rappler, cibiyar sadarwar labarai ta zamantakewa da ta lashe kyautar Nobel, inda ya yi aiki a karkashin MovePH, aikinta na al'umma da aikin jarida na dijital. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da aikin jarida na bayanai, aikin jarida, rashin gaskiya, Shirye-shiryen bala'i, da [[Sabuntawa|kirkire-kirkire]].<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> Ayyukansa na rahoto da multimedia sun mayar da hankali kan tasirin tasirin dandamali na dijital, [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]], da kuma shirya kamfen ɗin yaudara kan maganganun jama'a da shugabanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> A waje da kafofin watsa labarai na gargajiya, Cuevas yana samar da bidiyo masu bayani a kan [[TikTok]], inda yake tattauna batutuwa kamar ilimin kimiyya, tatsuniyoyin abinci, tattalin arziki da manufofin jama'a. Abubuwan da ke ciki - daga karkatar da tatsuniyoyin tattalin arziki a karkashin Dokar Martial zuwa bayyana kuskuren ra'ayoyi game da abinci kamar margarine da man shanu - ya sami mabiya tsakanin masu sauraron matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana rufe Aikin noma na birane, ka'idojin ainihi don abinci, da abubuwan da ke cikin jarrabawar kwamitin, yana ba da jagorar kimiyya ga ɗalibai da masu kallo gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Kasuwanci da manufofin kirkire-kirkire === A cikin 2019, yana da shekaru 22, <ref name=":2"/> Cuevas ya kafa Tagani, farawa na fasaha na gona wanda ya fara ne a matsayin kasuwar kan layi kuma ya fadada cikin dandalin ilimi da mafita na dijital ga manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Tagani ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a karkashin shirin Kadiwa don inganta damar kasuwa ga manoma masu karamin manoma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Kasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Majalisar Innovation ta Kasa, inda ya zama shugaban Sashen Kula da Manufofin Innovation da Bincike. Ya jagoranci tsarin tsarin tsarin National Innovation Agenda da Strategy Document, babban fitowar manufofi da Dokar Innovation ta Philippines ta ba da umarni.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> A cikin 2023, ya kafa Taxikel, aikace-aikacen jigilar kaya da ake buƙata da kuma hawa keke uku don al'ummomin karkara da ke Pangasinan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Ayyukan kamfanoni da kimiyyar bayanai === Tun daga shekara ta 2018, Cuevas ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan sauye-sauyen dijital ga hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, ta amfani da kimiyyar bayanai don inganta ayyukan jama'a da inganta manufofin da suka shafi shaidu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban nazari a Solaire Resort & Casino kuma a matsayin shugaban kimiyyar bayanai don kamfanin tsaro na yanar gizo.<ref name=":2"/> A cikin 2023, ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa da Kwalejin Injiniya ta UP a matsayin dalibi na PhD da kuma abokin tarayya a karkashin ƙungiyar bincike ta SyncBioOptics. Ayyukansa suna mai da hankali kan kimiyyar cibiyar sadarwa da sarrafa harshe na halitta. Ya kuma koyar da kimiyyar bayanai a Kwalejin Fasaha da Fasaha ta CIIT . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader – About |url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-date=March 14, 2025 |access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref> == Ayyukan bayar da shawarwari == === Rashin dorewar aikin gona, juriya na yanayi da lafiyar kwakwalwa === [[Fayil:Keb_Cuevas_speaks_at_UNDP_Youth_CoLab.jpg|alt=Keb Cuevas speaks at a UNDP event in Bangkok|thumb|300x300px|Cuevas yana magana a wani taron UNDP a [[Bangkok]]]] A matsayinsa na mai lasisi na aikin gona, Cuevas ya shiga cikin ilimin jama'a da kuma gabatar da manufofi da suka shafi aikin gona da tsarin abinci. A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Philippines, ya yi gargadi game da sake amfani da abin rufe fuska da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin jaka, yana mai da hankali kan damuwa game da lafiya da aminci. Ya bayyana cewa kayan masks suna sa su lalace cikin sauƙi tare da ban ruwa kuma suna iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, da ƙwayoyin daji, suna haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar shuke-shuke da lafiyar ɗan adam. Cuevas yana ba da shawara don sabunta aikin gona ta hanyar fasahar dijital da kuma mafi girman aikin matasa a aikin gona. Nuni da wahayi daga samfuran a ƙasashe kamar [[Kenya]], ya jaddada rawar da kafofin sada zumunta da kasuwancin e-commerce ke takawa wajen haɗa manoma zuwa kasuwanni, yada ilimi, da kuma canza ra'ayin jama'a game da aikin gona a matsayin hanyar aiki ta zamani.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Valencia |first=Sean Phillipp C. |title=Filipino Farmers Need You! |url=https://pdfcoffee.com/problem-solution-essay-10-pdf-free.html |website=PDF Coffee}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Plaridel |date=December 13, 2020 |title=Pagtugon sa hinaing ng mga magsasaka, binigyang-tuon sa Peasant Situationer |url=https://www.plaridel.ph/index.php/2020/12/13/pagtugon-sa-hinaing-ng-mga-magsasaka-binigyang-tuon-sa-peasant-situationer/ |access-date=March 28, 2025 |website=Ang Pahayagang Plaridel |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga cikin Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Wellness Check Series, inda ya tattauna fa'idodin lambu na birane don lafiyar kwakwalwa. Ya nuna yadda aikin lambu zai iya zama aikin warkewa, inganta jin daɗi da inganta ilimin muhalli. Ya kuma ba da jagora mai amfani don kafa lambuna masu ɗorewa a cikin saitunan birane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Save the Philippine Seas a cikin 2022, Cuevas ya jaddada bukatar gaggawa don daidaita [[Canjin yanayi]] a aikin gona. Ya gano barazanar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi kamar matsanancin yanayi, sauya yanayin hazo, da yaduwar cututtukan shuke-shuke, kuma ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da amfanin gona mai tsayayya da yanayi, ayyukan noma masu ɗorewa, da manufofi masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke inganta kula da muhalli da [[Tsaron abinci|Tsaro na abinci]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Hakkin LGBTQ+, daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kuma fafutukar al'adu === [[Fayil:Kym_Chua_(drag_queen).jpg|thumb|315x315px|Kym Chua Valencia shine mutumin da ke cikin Keb Cuevas]] Cuevas mai ba da shawara ce ga haƙƙin mata da al'ummar LGBTQ+ +, tare da mai da hankali kan adawa da nuna bambanci, hadawa, da lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa. Ya goyi bayan wucewar Dokar Daidaitawar SOGIE kuma ya nuna goyon bayan jama'a ga auren jinsi guda da kuma samun damar hana cutar [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], gami da inganta PrEP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Tallafinsa ya kai ga shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa tare da dandamali kamar [[TikTok]] da Queer Safe Spaces, inda yake taimakawa wajen fadada ganuwa da kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a. Cuevas ya kuma shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru kamar tafiye-tafiye na girman kai da sauran tarurruka na al'umma da ke murna da LGBTQ +.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga cikin jawabin jama'a da ke kewaye da [[Nas Daily]] da abubuwan da yake koyawa a kan layi wanda ke nuna mai zane-zane na kabilar Whang-od. Cuevas ya nuna damuwa game da al'adun al'adu da wakilci, yana ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawa mai zurfi game da ba da labari na ɗabi'a da kuma alhakin kasuwanci na zamantakewa a cikin Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> == Kym Chua Valencia (mai zane-zane) == ''''''Kym Chua''' Valencia''', wani lokacin ana kiranta da Kym Chia ko kuma '''Miss Kym''', ita ce mai jan hankali na Keb Cuevas, musamman a cikin jan hankali na Filipino da kuma LGBTQ +.<ref name=":2"/> A matsayinsa na Kym, an san shi da mai zane-zane, mai karɓar bakuncin abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma mai shirya al'umma, yana inganta ganuwar jinsi da haɗin kai. Kym 'yar jan [[Riri Valencia Andrews]] ce, 'yar'uwar Arizona Brandy da matar Casa de Valencia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Sunan Kym ya ba da shi ne daga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Salmo Nella, wanda ya gabatar da shi a matsayin ''Kimberly Valencia'' a [[Hoesik Bar & Lounge]] . A matsayin girmamawa ga Al'adun kasar Sin, ya kara da Chua ga sunan, yayin da Kym ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta kasar Sin-Filipino Kim Chiu.<ref name=":2"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pvi9uifm0ndnz77irijh85gg7hpknk7 888389 888387 2026-07-28T09:49:59Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Keb Cuevas''' (; Sinanci; ; an haife shi '''Kevin San Miguel Cuevas'''; 6 ga Oktoban shekera ta 1995) ɗan kasuwa ne na fasahar Filipino, masanin noma kuma ɗan Jaridar kimiyya. An fi saninsa da Babban Masanin Noma kuma wanda ya kafa Tagani, dandalin aikin gona na dijital, da kuma samar da abubuwan ilimin kimiyya a kan [[TikTok]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dulay |first=Patch |date=December 11, 2020 |title=The Spark Project – Beyond FarmVille and Convention: Tagani and The Farming Millennial |url=https://www.thesparkproject.com/beyond-farmville-and-convention-tagani-and-the-farming-millennial/ |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=The Spark Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Cuevas a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida ga gidan yanar gizon labarai na zamantakewa na Philippines Rappler.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Muck Rack {{!}} For journalists and public relations |url=https://muckrack.com/kebcuevas |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=muckrack.com |language=en}}</ref>{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}}{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}}{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}} A cikin shekarar 2018, an lasafta shi ɗaya daga cikin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta Matasan Shugabannin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya (YSEALI) don kasuwanci na zamantakewa da Ci gaban tattalin arziki.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2019 |title=YSEALI Brown University Fall 2018 Highlights |url=https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426022209/https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |website=Brown University Swearer Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Ya kuma sami ganuwar jama'a a matsayin mai hamayya a jerin wasannin cinikayya na gaskiya Project GO.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Keb Cuevas |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm17233640/ |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane a ƙarƙashin "Kym Chua Valencia". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Keb Cuevas a matsayin Kevin San Miguel Cuevas ne a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1995, a [[Las Piñas|Birnin Las Piñas]] kuma ya fito ne daga asalin kasar Sin-Filipino.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader – About |url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-date=March 14, 2025 |access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref> Shi ne ɗan farko na direban keke uku da mai shagon sari-sari kuma yana da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa. Yayinda yake girma, Cuevas ya fara aiki tun yana ƙarami, yana shiga cikin gasa na mawaƙa don taimakawa wajen tallafawa iliminsa, kuma ya taimaka wajen gudanar da kasuwancin kantin sayar da kwamfuta na iyalinsa har sai da ya koma [[Los Baños|Los Baños, Laguna]] don kwaleji. Ya kammala karatunsa na firamare a shekara ta 2008 a makarantar firamare ta Almanza, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin editan jaridar makaranta.<ref name=":22" /> Ya girma [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]], ya kammala makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Saint Anthony ta Las Piñas a matsayin babban editan makarantar. Daga baya ya bi shekarunsa na farko na kwaleji a Jami'ar Adamson, duka cibiyoyin Katolika. Bayan lokaci, dangin Cuevas sun rungumi [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha na Mahayana]] kuma ya fara yin Wushu, fasahar yaƙi ta kasar Sin.<ref name=":2"/> Ya sami digiri na farko a cikin gudanar da kasuwancin gona a Jami'ar Philippines Los Baños kuma ya zama mai lasisi mai aikin gona.<ref name=":2"/> A lokacin da yake UPLB, ya kafa Amiga Philippines, aikin da ke koyar da lissafin kuɗi ga mata manoma a Calauan, Laguna.<ref name=":0"/> Shirin ya sami karbuwa ta kasa, ya zama wani ɓangare na Kyaututtuka Goma na Ƙungiyoyin Matasa (TAYO) na Hukumar Matasa ta Kasa a cikin 2016.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Serafica |first=Raisa Marielle |date=April 2, 2017 |title=WATCH: Empowering housewives through social enterprises |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/165884-empowering-housewives-social-enterprises-enactus-uplb/ |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatun tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Brown daga tallafin karatu na Ofishin Al'adu da Ilimi na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka.<ref name=":7"/> Ya kuma bi digiri na Master's Science a kimiyyar bayanai a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Philippines Manila . A cikin 2023, an shigar da shi cikin Doctor of Philosophy in Data Science program a Jami'ar Philippines Diliman, ci gaba da inganta kwarewarsa a kimiyyar bayanai da aikace-aikacenta.<ref name=":2"/> == Ayyuka == === Jarida da sadarwa ta kimiyya === Cuevas ya fara aikin jarida a Rappler, cibiyar sadarwar labarai ta zamantakewa da ta lashe kyautar Nobel, inda ya yi aiki a karkashin MovePH, aikinta na al'umma da aikin jarida na dijital. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da aikin jarida na bayanai, aikin jarida, rashin gaskiya, Shirye-shiryen bala'i, da [[Sabuntawa|kirkire-kirkire]].<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> Ayyukansa na rahoto da multimedia sun mayar da hankali kan tasirin tasirin dandamali na dijital, [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]], da kuma shirya kamfen ɗin yaudara kan maganganun jama'a da shugabanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> A waje da kafofin watsa labarai na gargajiya, Cuevas yana samar da bidiyo masu bayani a kan [[TikTok]], inda yake tattauna batutuwa kamar ilimin kimiyya, tatsuniyoyin abinci, tattalin arziki da manufofin jama'a. Abubuwan da ke ciki - daga karkatar da tatsuniyoyin tattalin arziki a karkashin Dokar Martial zuwa bayyana kuskuren ra'ayoyi game da abinci kamar margarine da man shanu - ya sami mabiya tsakanin masu sauraron matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana rufe Aikin noma na birane, ka'idojin ainihi don abinci, da abubuwan da ke cikin jarrabawar kwamitin, yana ba da jagorar kimiyya ga ɗalibai da masu kallo gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Kasuwanci da manufofin kirkire-kirkire === A cikin 2019, yana da shekaru 22, <ref name=":2"/> Cuevas ya kafa Tagani, farawa na fasaha na gona wanda ya fara ne a matsayin kasuwar kan layi kuma ya fadada cikin dandalin ilimi da mafita na dijital ga manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Tagani ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a karkashin shirin Kadiwa don inganta damar kasuwa ga manoma masu karamin manoma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Kasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Majalisar Innovation ta Kasa, inda ya zama shugaban Sashen Kula da Manufofin Innovation da Bincike. Ya jagoranci tsarin tsarin tsarin National Innovation Agenda da Strategy Document, babban fitowar manufofi da Dokar Innovation ta Philippines ta ba da umarni.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> A cikin 2023, ya kafa Taxikel, aikace-aikacen jigilar kaya da ake buƙata da kuma hawa keke uku don al'ummomin karkara da ke Pangasinan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Ayyukan kamfanoni da kimiyyar bayanai === Tun daga shekara ta 2018, Cuevas ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan sauye-sauyen dijital ga hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, ta amfani da kimiyyar bayanai don inganta ayyukan jama'a da inganta manufofin da suka shafi shaidu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban nazari a Solaire Resort & Casino kuma a matsayin shugaban kimiyyar bayanai don kamfanin tsaro na yanar gizo.<ref name=":2"/> A cikin 2023, ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa da Kwalejin Injiniya ta UP a matsayin dalibi na PhD da kuma abokin tarayya a karkashin ƙungiyar bincike ta SyncBioOptics. Ayyukansa suna mai da hankali kan kimiyyar cibiyar sadarwa da sarrafa harshe na halitta. Ya kuma koyar da kimiyyar bayanai a Kwalejin Fasaha da Fasaha ta CIIT . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader – About |url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-date=March 14, 2025 |access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref> == Ayyukan bayar da shawarwari == === Rashin dorewar aikin gona, juriya na yanayi da lafiyar kwakwalwa === [[Fayil:Keb_Cuevas_speaks_at_UNDP_Youth_CoLab.jpg|alt=Keb Cuevas speaks at a UNDP event in Bangkok|thumb|300x300px|Cuevas yana magana a wani taron UNDP a [[Bangkok]]]] A matsayinsa na mai lasisi na aikin gona, Cuevas ya shiga cikin ilimin jama'a da kuma gabatar da manufofi da suka shafi aikin gona da tsarin abinci. A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Philippines, ya yi gargadi game da sake amfani da abin rufe fuska da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin jaka, yana mai da hankali kan damuwa game da lafiya da aminci. Ya bayyana cewa kayan masks suna sa su lalace cikin sauƙi tare da ban ruwa kuma suna iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, da ƙwayoyin daji, suna haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar shuke-shuke da lafiyar ɗan adam. Cuevas yana ba da shawara don sabunta aikin gona ta hanyar fasahar dijital da kuma mafi girman aikin matasa a aikin gona. Nuni da wahayi daga samfuran a ƙasashe kamar [[Kenya]], ya jaddada rawar da kafofin sada zumunta da kasuwancin e-commerce ke takawa wajen haɗa manoma zuwa kasuwanni, yada ilimi, da kuma canza ra'ayin jama'a game da aikin gona a matsayin hanyar aiki ta zamani.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Valencia |first=Sean Phillipp C. |title=Filipino Farmers Need You! |url=https://pdfcoffee.com/problem-solution-essay-10-pdf-free.html |website=PDF Coffee}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Plaridel |date=December 13, 2020 |title=Pagtugon sa hinaing ng mga magsasaka, binigyang-tuon sa Peasant Situationer |url=https://www.plaridel.ph/index.php/2020/12/13/pagtugon-sa-hinaing-ng-mga-magsasaka-binigyang-tuon-sa-peasant-situationer/ |access-date=March 28, 2025 |website=Ang Pahayagang Plaridel |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga cikin Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Wellness Check Series, inda ya tattauna fa'idodin lambu na birane don lafiyar kwakwalwa. Ya nuna yadda aikin lambu zai iya zama aikin warkewa, inganta jin daɗi da inganta ilimin muhalli. Ya kuma ba da jagora mai amfani don kafa lambuna masu ɗorewa a cikin saitunan birane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Save the Philippine Seas a cikin 2022, Cuevas ya jaddada bukatar gaggawa don daidaita [[Canjin yanayi]] a aikin gona. Ya gano barazanar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi kamar matsanancin yanayi, sauya yanayin hazo, da yaduwar cututtukan shuke-shuke, kuma ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da amfanin gona mai tsayayya da yanayi, ayyukan noma masu ɗorewa, da manufofi masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke inganta kula da muhalli da [[Tsaron abinci|Tsaro na abinci]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Hakkin LGBTQ+, daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kuma fafutukar al'adu === [[Fayil:Kym_Chua_(drag_queen).jpg|thumb|315x315px|Kym Chua Valencia shine mutumin da ke cikin Keb Cuevas]] Cuevas mai ba da shawara ce ga haƙƙin mata da al'ummar LGBTQ+ +, tare da mai da hankali kan adawa da nuna bambanci, hadawa, da lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa. Ya goyi bayan wucewar Dokar Daidaitawar SOGIE kuma ya nuna goyon bayan jama'a ga auren jinsi guda da kuma samun damar hana cutar [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], gami da inganta PrEP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Tallafinsa ya kai ga shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa tare da dandamali kamar [[TikTok]] da Queer Safe Spaces, inda yake taimakawa wajen fadada ganuwa da kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a. Cuevas ya kuma shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru kamar tafiye-tafiye na girman kai da sauran tarurruka na al'umma da ke murna da LGBTQ +.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga cikin jawabin jama'a da ke kewaye da [[Nas Daily]] da abubuwan da yake koyawa a kan layi wanda ke nuna mai zane-zane na kabilar Whang-od. Cuevas ya nuna damuwa game da al'adun al'adu da wakilci, yana ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawa mai zurfi game da ba da labari na ɗabi'a da kuma alhakin kasuwanci na zamantakewa a cikin Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> == Kym Chua Valencia (mai zane-zane) == ''''''Kym Chua''' Valencia''', wani lokacin ana kiranta da Kym Chia ko kuma '''Miss Kym''', ita ce mai jan hankali na Keb Cuevas, musamman a cikin jan hankali na Filipino da kuma LGBTQ +.<ref name=":2"/> A matsayinsa na Kym, an san shi da mai zane-zane, mai karɓar bakuncin abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma mai shirya al'umma, yana inganta ganuwar jinsi da haɗin kai. Kym 'yar jan [[Riri Valencia Andrews]] ce, 'yar'uwar Arizona Brandy da matar Casa de Valencia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Sunan Kym ya ba da shi ne daga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Salmo Nella, wanda ya gabatar da shi a matsayin ''Kimberly Valencia'' a [[Hoesik Bar & Lounge]] . A matsayin girmamawa ga Al'adun kasar Sin, ya kara da Chua ga sunan, yayin da Kym ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta kasar Sin-Filipino Kim Chiu.<ref name=":2"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] iyae4g4goyos1pw8xpml68rwetuq2ly 888390 888389 2026-07-28T09:50:22Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Keb Cuevas''' (; Sinanci; ; an haife shi '''Kevin San Miguel Cuevas'''; 6 ga Oktoban shekera ta 1995) ɗan kasuwa ne na fasahar Filipino, masanin noma kuma ɗan Jaridar kimiyya. An fi saninsa da Babban Masanin Noma kuma wanda ya kafa Tagani, dandalin aikin gona na dijital, da kuma samar da abubuwan ilimin kimiyya a kan [[TikTok]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dulay |first=Patch |date=December 11, 2020 |title=The Spark Project – Beyond FarmVille and Convention: Tagani and The Farming Millennial |url=https://www.thesparkproject.com/beyond-farmville-and-convention-tagani-and-the-farming-millennial/ |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=The Spark Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Cuevas a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida ga gidan yanar gizon labarai na zamantakewa na Philippines Rappler.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Muck Rack {{!}} For journalists and public relations |url=https://muckrack.com/kebcuevas |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=muckrack.com |language=en}}</ref>{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}}{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}}{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}} A cikin shekarar 2018, an lasafta shi ɗaya daga cikin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta Matasan Shugabannin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya (YSEALI) don kasuwanci na zamantakewa da Ci gaban tattalin arziƙi.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2019 |title=YSEALI Brown University Fall 2018 Highlights |url=https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426022209/https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |website=Brown University Swearer Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Ya kuma sami ganuwar jama'a a matsayin mai hamayya a jerin wasannin cinikayya na gaskiya Project GO.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Keb Cuevas |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm17233640/ |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane a ƙarƙashin "Kym Chua Valencia". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Keb Cuevas a matsayin Kevin San Miguel Cuevas ne a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1995, a [[Las Piñas|Birnin Las Piñas]] kuma ya fito ne daga asalin kasar Sin-Filipino.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader – About |url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-date=March 14, 2025 |access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref> Shi ne ɗan farko na direban keke uku da mai shagon sari-sari kuma yana da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa. Yayinda yake girma, Cuevas ya fara aiki tun yana ƙarami, yana shiga cikin gasa na mawaƙa don taimakawa wajen tallafawa iliminsa, kuma ya taimaka wajen gudanar da kasuwancin kantin sayar da kwamfuta na iyalinsa har sai da ya koma [[Los Baños|Los Baños, Laguna]] don kwaleji. Ya kammala karatunsa na firamare a shekara ta 2008 a makarantar firamare ta Almanza, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin editan jaridar makaranta.<ref name=":22" /> Ya girma [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]], ya kammala makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Saint Anthony ta Las Piñas a matsayin babban editan makarantar. Daga baya ya bi shekarunsa na farko na kwaleji a Jami'ar Adamson, duka cibiyoyin Katolika. Bayan lokaci, dangin Cuevas sun rungumi [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha na Mahayana]] kuma ya fara yin Wushu, fasahar yaƙi ta kasar Sin.<ref name=":2"/> Ya sami digiri na farko a cikin gudanar da kasuwancin gona a Jami'ar Philippines Los Baños kuma ya zama mai lasisi mai aikin gona.<ref name=":2"/> A lokacin da yake UPLB, ya kafa Amiga Philippines, aikin da ke koyar da lissafin kuɗi ga mata manoma a Calauan, Laguna.<ref name=":0"/> Shirin ya sami karbuwa ta kasa, ya zama wani ɓangare na Kyaututtuka Goma na Ƙungiyoyin Matasa (TAYO) na Hukumar Matasa ta Kasa a cikin 2016.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Serafica |first=Raisa Marielle |date=April 2, 2017 |title=WATCH: Empowering housewives through social enterprises |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/165884-empowering-housewives-social-enterprises-enactus-uplb/ |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatun tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Brown daga tallafin karatu na Ofishin Al'adu da Ilimi na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka.<ref name=":7"/> Ya kuma bi digiri na Master's Science a kimiyyar bayanai a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Philippines Manila . A cikin 2023, an shigar da shi cikin Doctor of Philosophy in Data Science program a Jami'ar Philippines Diliman, ci gaba da inganta kwarewarsa a kimiyyar bayanai da aikace-aikacenta.<ref name=":2"/> == Ayyuka == === Jarida da sadarwa ta kimiyya === Cuevas ya fara aikin jarida a Rappler, cibiyar sadarwar labarai ta zamantakewa da ta lashe kyautar Nobel, inda ya yi aiki a karkashin MovePH, aikinta na al'umma da aikin jarida na dijital. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da aikin jarida na bayanai, aikin jarida, rashin gaskiya, Shirye-shiryen bala'i, da [[Sabuntawa|kirkire-kirkire]].<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> Ayyukansa na rahoto da multimedia sun mayar da hankali kan tasirin tasirin dandamali na dijital, [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]], da kuma shirya kamfen ɗin yaudara kan maganganun jama'a da shugabanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> A waje da kafofin watsa labarai na gargajiya, Cuevas yana samar da bidiyo masu bayani a kan [[TikTok]], inda yake tattauna batutuwa kamar ilimin kimiyya, tatsuniyoyin abinci, tattalin arziki da manufofin jama'a. Abubuwan da ke ciki - daga karkatar da tatsuniyoyin tattalin arziki a karkashin Dokar Martial zuwa bayyana kuskuren ra'ayoyi game da abinci kamar margarine da man shanu - ya sami mabiya tsakanin masu sauraron matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana rufe Aikin noma na birane, ka'idojin ainihi don abinci, da abubuwan da ke cikin jarrabawar kwamitin, yana ba da jagorar kimiyya ga ɗalibai da masu kallo gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Kasuwanci da manufofin kirkire-kirkire === A cikin 2019, yana da shekaru 22, <ref name=":2"/> Cuevas ya kafa Tagani, farawa na fasaha na gona wanda ya fara ne a matsayin kasuwar kan layi kuma ya fadada cikin dandalin ilimi da mafita na dijital ga manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Tagani ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a karkashin shirin Kadiwa don inganta damar kasuwa ga manoma masu karamin manoma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Kasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Majalisar Innovation ta Kasa, inda ya zama shugaban Sashen Kula da Manufofin Innovation da Bincike. Ya jagoranci tsarin tsarin tsarin National Innovation Agenda da Strategy Document, babban fitowar manufofi da Dokar Innovation ta Philippines ta ba da umarni.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> A cikin 2023, ya kafa Taxikel, aikace-aikacen jigilar kaya da ake buƙata da kuma hawa keke uku don al'ummomin karkara da ke Pangasinan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Ayyukan kamfanoni da kimiyyar bayanai === Tun daga shekara ta 2018, Cuevas ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan sauye-sauyen dijital ga hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, ta amfani da kimiyyar bayanai don inganta ayyukan jama'a da inganta manufofin da suka shafi shaidu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban nazari a Solaire Resort & Casino kuma a matsayin shugaban kimiyyar bayanai don kamfanin tsaro na yanar gizo.<ref name=":2"/> A cikin 2023, ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa da Kwalejin Injiniya ta UP a matsayin dalibi na PhD da kuma abokin tarayya a karkashin ƙungiyar bincike ta SyncBioOptics. Ayyukansa suna mai da hankali kan kimiyyar cibiyar sadarwa da sarrafa harshe na halitta. Ya kuma koyar da kimiyyar bayanai a Kwalejin Fasaha da Fasaha ta CIIT . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader – About |url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-date=March 14, 2025 |access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref> == Ayyukan bayar da shawarwari == === Rashin dorewar aikin gona, juriya na yanayi da lafiyar kwakwalwa === [[Fayil:Keb_Cuevas_speaks_at_UNDP_Youth_CoLab.jpg|alt=Keb Cuevas speaks at a UNDP event in Bangkok|thumb|300x300px|Cuevas yana magana a wani taron UNDP a [[Bangkok]]]] A matsayinsa na mai lasisi na aikin gona, Cuevas ya shiga cikin ilimin jama'a da kuma gabatar da manufofi da suka shafi aikin gona da tsarin abinci. A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Philippines, ya yi gargadi game da sake amfani da abin rufe fuska da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin jaka, yana mai da hankali kan damuwa game da lafiya da aminci. Ya bayyana cewa kayan masks suna sa su lalace cikin sauƙi tare da ban ruwa kuma suna iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, da ƙwayoyin daji, suna haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar shuke-shuke da lafiyar ɗan adam. Cuevas yana ba da shawara don sabunta aikin gona ta hanyar fasahar dijital da kuma mafi girman aikin matasa a aikin gona. Nuni da wahayi daga samfuran a ƙasashe kamar [[Kenya]], ya jaddada rawar da kafofin sada zumunta da kasuwancin e-commerce ke takawa wajen haɗa manoma zuwa kasuwanni, yada ilimi, da kuma canza ra'ayin jama'a game da aikin gona a matsayin hanyar aiki ta zamani.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Valencia |first=Sean Phillipp C. |title=Filipino Farmers Need You! |url=https://pdfcoffee.com/problem-solution-essay-10-pdf-free.html |website=PDF Coffee}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Plaridel |date=December 13, 2020 |title=Pagtugon sa hinaing ng mga magsasaka, binigyang-tuon sa Peasant Situationer |url=https://www.plaridel.ph/index.php/2020/12/13/pagtugon-sa-hinaing-ng-mga-magsasaka-binigyang-tuon-sa-peasant-situationer/ |access-date=March 28, 2025 |website=Ang Pahayagang Plaridel |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga cikin Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Wellness Check Series, inda ya tattauna fa'idodin lambu na birane don lafiyar kwakwalwa. Ya nuna yadda aikin lambu zai iya zama aikin warkewa, inganta jin daɗi da inganta ilimin muhalli. Ya kuma ba da jagora mai amfani don kafa lambuna masu ɗorewa a cikin saitunan birane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Save the Philippine Seas a cikin 2022, Cuevas ya jaddada bukatar gaggawa don daidaita [[Canjin yanayi]] a aikin gona. Ya gano barazanar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi kamar matsanancin yanayi, sauya yanayin hazo, da yaduwar cututtukan shuke-shuke, kuma ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da amfanin gona mai tsayayya da yanayi, ayyukan noma masu ɗorewa, da manufofi masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke inganta kula da muhalli da [[Tsaron abinci|Tsaro na abinci]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Hakkin LGBTQ+, daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kuma fafutukar al'adu === [[Fayil:Kym_Chua_(drag_queen).jpg|thumb|315x315px|Kym Chua Valencia shine mutumin da ke cikin Keb Cuevas]] Cuevas mai ba da shawara ce ga haƙƙin mata da al'ummar LGBTQ+ +, tare da mai da hankali kan adawa da nuna bambanci, hadawa, da lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa. Ya goyi bayan wucewar Dokar Daidaitawar SOGIE kuma ya nuna goyon bayan jama'a ga auren jinsi guda da kuma samun damar hana cutar [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], gami da inganta PrEP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Tallafinsa ya kai ga shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa tare da dandamali kamar [[TikTok]] da Queer Safe Spaces, inda yake taimakawa wajen fadada ganuwa da kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a. Cuevas ya kuma shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru kamar tafiye-tafiye na girman kai da sauran tarurruka na al'umma da ke murna da LGBTQ +.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga cikin jawabin jama'a da ke kewaye da [[Nas Daily]] da abubuwan da yake koyawa a kan layi wanda ke nuna mai zane-zane na kabilar Whang-od. Cuevas ya nuna damuwa game da al'adun al'adu da wakilci, yana ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawa mai zurfi game da ba da labari na ɗabi'a da kuma alhakin kasuwanci na zamantakewa a cikin Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> == Kym Chua Valencia (mai zane-zane) == ''''''Kym Chua''' Valencia''', wani lokacin ana kiranta da Kym Chia ko kuma '''Miss Kym''', ita ce mai jan hankali na Keb Cuevas, musamman a cikin jan hankali na Filipino da kuma LGBTQ +.<ref name=":2"/> A matsayinsa na Kym, an san shi da mai zane-zane, mai karɓar bakuncin abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma mai shirya al'umma, yana inganta ganuwar jinsi da haɗin kai. Kym 'yar jan [[Riri Valencia Andrews]] ce, 'yar'uwar Arizona Brandy da matar Casa de Valencia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Sunan Kym ya ba da shi ne daga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Salmo Nella, wanda ya gabatar da shi a matsayin ''Kimberly Valencia'' a [[Hoesik Bar & Lounge]] . A matsayin girmamawa ga Al'adun kasar Sin, ya kara da Chua ga sunan, yayin da Kym ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta kasar Sin-Filipino Kim Chiu.<ref name=":2"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oovmcdiab2oo520s7q2ruhgk93lvjia 888391 888390 2026-07-28T09:50:53Z Nasir Yusuf 47352 888391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Keb Cuevas''' (; Sinanci; ; an haife shi '''Kevin San Miguel Cuevas'''; 6 ga Oktoban shekera ta 1995) ɗan kasuwa ne na fasahar Filipino, masanin noma kuma ɗan Jaridar kimiyya. An fi saninsa da Babban Masanin Noma kuma wanda ya kafa Tagani, dandalin aikin gona na dijital, da kuma samar da abubuwan ilimin kimiyya a kan [[TikTok]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dulay |first=Patch |date=December 11, 2020 |title=The Spark Project – Beyond FarmVille and Convention: Tagani and The Farming Millennial |url=https://www.thesparkproject.com/beyond-farmville-and-convention-tagani-and-the-farming-millennial/ |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=The Spark Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Cuevas a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida ga gidan yanar gizon labarai na zamantakewa na Philippines Rappler.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Muck Rack {{!}} For journalists and public relations |url=https://muckrack.com/kebcuevas |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=muckrack.com |language=en}}</ref>{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}}{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}}{{IPA|tl|ˈkɛb ˈkwɛvas|lang}} A cikin shekarar 2018, an lasafta shi ɗaya daga cikin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen ƙasar Amurka ta Matasan Shugabannin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya (YSEALI) don kasuwanci na zamantakewa da Ci gaban tattalin arziƙi.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2019 |title=YSEALI Brown University Fall 2018 Highlights |url=https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426022209/https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/sites/academics-college-swearer/files/Yseali_Yearbook_5.pdf |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |website=Brown University Swearer Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Ya kuma sami ganuwar jama'a a matsayin mai hamayya a jerin wasannin cinikayya na gaskiya Project GO.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Keb Cuevas |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm17233640/ |access-date=April 21, 2025 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane a ƙarƙashin "Kym Chua Valencia". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Keb Cuevas a matsayin Kevin San Miguel Cuevas ne a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1995, a [[Las Piñas|Birnin Las Piñas]] kuma ya fito ne daga asalin kasar Sin-Filipino.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader – About |url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-date=March 14, 2025 |access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref> Shi ne ɗan farko na direban keke uku da mai shagon sari-sari kuma yana da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa. Yayinda yake girma, Cuevas ya fara aiki tun yana ƙarami, yana shiga cikin gasa na mawaƙa don taimakawa wajen tallafawa iliminsa, kuma ya taimaka wajen gudanar da kasuwancin kantin sayar da kwamfuta na iyalinsa har sai da ya koma [[Los Baños|Los Baños, Laguna]] don kwaleji. Ya kammala karatunsa na firamare a shekara ta 2008 a makarantar firamare ta Almanza, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin editan jaridar makaranta.<ref name=":22" /> Ya girma [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]], ya kammala makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Saint Anthony ta Las Piñas a matsayin babban editan makarantar. Daga baya ya bi shekarunsa na farko na kwaleji a Jami'ar Adamson, duka cibiyoyin Katolika. Bayan lokaci, dangin Cuevas sun rungumi [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha na Mahayana]] kuma ya fara yin Wushu, fasahar yaƙi ta kasar Sin.<ref name=":2"/> Ya sami digiri na farko a cikin gudanar da kasuwancin gona a Jami'ar Philippines Los Baños kuma ya zama mai lasisi mai aikin gona.<ref name=":2"/> A lokacin da yake UPLB, ya kafa Amiga Philippines, aikin da ke koyar da lissafin kuɗi ga mata manoma a Calauan, Laguna.<ref name=":0"/> Shirin ya sami karbuwa ta kasa, ya zama wani ɓangare na Kyaututtuka Goma na Ƙungiyoyin Matasa (TAYO) na Hukumar Matasa ta Kasa a cikin 2016.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Serafica |first=Raisa Marielle |date=April 2, 2017 |title=WATCH: Empowering housewives through social enterprises |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/165884-empowering-housewives-social-enterprises-enactus-uplb/ |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatun tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Brown daga tallafin karatu na Ofishin Al'adu da Ilimi na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka.<ref name=":7"/> Ya kuma bi digiri na Master's Science a kimiyyar bayanai a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Philippines Manila . A cikin 2023, an shigar da shi cikin Doctor of Philosophy in Data Science program a Jami'ar Philippines Diliman, ci gaba da inganta kwarewarsa a kimiyyar bayanai da aikace-aikacenta.<ref name=":2"/> == Ayyuka == === Jarida da sadarwa ta kimiyya === Cuevas ya fara aikin jarida a Rappler, cibiyar sadarwar labarai ta zamantakewa da ta lashe kyautar Nobel, inda ya yi aiki a karkashin MovePH, aikinta na al'umma da aikin jarida na dijital. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da aikin jarida na bayanai, aikin jarida, rashin gaskiya, Shirye-shiryen bala'i, da [[Sabuntawa|kirkire-kirkire]].<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> Ayyukansa na rahoto da multimedia sun mayar da hankali kan tasirin tasirin dandamali na dijital, [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]], da kuma shirya kamfen ɗin yaudara kan maganganun jama'a da shugabanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> A waje da kafofin watsa labarai na gargajiya, Cuevas yana samar da bidiyo masu bayani a kan [[TikTok]], inda yake tattauna batutuwa kamar ilimin kimiyya, tatsuniyoyin abinci, tattalin arziki da manufofin jama'a. Abubuwan da ke ciki - daga karkatar da tatsuniyoyin tattalin arziki a karkashin Dokar Martial zuwa bayyana kuskuren ra'ayoyi game da abinci kamar margarine da man shanu - ya sami mabiya tsakanin masu sauraron matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana rufe Aikin noma na birane, ka'idojin ainihi don abinci, da abubuwan da ke cikin jarrabawar kwamitin, yana ba da jagorar kimiyya ga ɗalibai da masu kallo gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Kasuwanci da manufofin kirkire-kirkire === A cikin 2019, yana da shekaru 22, <ref name=":2"/> Cuevas ya kafa Tagani, farawa na fasaha na gona wanda ya fara ne a matsayin kasuwar kan layi kuma ya fadada cikin dandalin ilimi da mafita na dijital ga manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Tagani ya kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a karkashin shirin Kadiwa don inganta damar kasuwa ga manoma masu karamin manoma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Kasa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Majalisar Innovation ta Kasa, inda ya zama shugaban Sashen Kula da Manufofin Innovation da Bincike. Ya jagoranci tsarin tsarin tsarin National Innovation Agenda da Strategy Document, babban fitowar manufofi da Dokar Innovation ta Philippines ta ba da umarni.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> A cikin 2023, ya kafa Taxikel, aikace-aikacen jigilar kaya da ake buƙata da kuma hawa keke uku don al'ummomin karkara da ke Pangasinan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Ayyukan kamfanoni da kimiyyar bayanai === Tun daga shekara ta 2018, Cuevas ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan sauye-sauyen dijital ga hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, ta amfani da kimiyyar bayanai don inganta ayyukan jama'a da inganta manufofin da suka shafi shaidu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban nazari a Solaire Resort & Casino kuma a matsayin shugaban kimiyyar bayanai don kamfanin tsaro na yanar gizo.<ref name=":2"/> A cikin 2023, ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa da Kwalejin Injiniya ta UP a matsayin dalibi na PhD da kuma abokin tarayya a karkashin ƙungiyar bincike ta SyncBioOptics. Ayyukansa suna mai da hankali kan kimiyyar cibiyar sadarwa da sarrafa harshe na halitta. Ya kuma koyar da kimiyyar bayanai a Kwalejin Fasaha da Fasaha ta CIIT . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Keb Cuevas {{!}} Data Science Leader – About |url=https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250314085641/https://www.kebcuevas.com/about |archive-date=March 14, 2025 |access-date=March 27, 2025}}</ref> == Ayyukan bayar da shawarwari == === Rashin dorewar aikin gona, juriya na yanayi da lafiyar kwakwalwa === [[Fayil:Keb_Cuevas_speaks_at_UNDP_Youth_CoLab.jpg|alt=Keb Cuevas speaks at a UNDP event in Bangkok|thumb|300x300px|Cuevas yana magana a wani taron UNDP a [[Bangkok]]]] A matsayinsa na mai lasisi na aikin gona, Cuevas ya shiga cikin ilimin jama'a da kuma gabatar da manufofi da suka shafi aikin gona da tsarin abinci. A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Philippines, ya yi gargadi game da sake amfani da abin rufe fuska da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin jaka, yana mai da hankali kan damuwa game da lafiya da aminci. Ya bayyana cewa kayan masks suna sa su lalace cikin sauƙi tare da ban ruwa kuma suna iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, da ƙwayoyin daji, suna haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar shuke-shuke da lafiyar ɗan adam. Cuevas yana ba da shawara don sabunta aikin gona ta hanyar fasahar dijital da kuma mafi girman aikin matasa a aikin gona. Nuni da wahayi daga samfuran a ƙasashe kamar [[Kenya]], ya jaddada rawar da kafofin sada zumunta da kasuwancin e-commerce ke takawa wajen haɗa manoma zuwa kasuwanni, yada ilimi, da kuma canza ra'ayin jama'a game da aikin gona a matsayin hanyar aiki ta zamani.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Valencia |first=Sean Phillipp C. |title=Filipino Farmers Need You! |url=https://pdfcoffee.com/problem-solution-essay-10-pdf-free.html |website=PDF Coffee}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Plaridel |date=December 13, 2020 |title=Pagtugon sa hinaing ng mga magsasaka, binigyang-tuon sa Peasant Situationer |url=https://www.plaridel.ph/index.php/2020/12/13/pagtugon-sa-hinaing-ng-mga-magsasaka-binigyang-tuon-sa-peasant-situationer/ |access-date=March 28, 2025 |website=Ang Pahayagang Plaridel |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga cikin Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Wellness Check Series, inda ya tattauna fa'idodin lambu na birane don lafiyar kwakwalwa. Ya nuna yadda aikin lambu zai iya zama aikin warkewa, inganta jin daɗi da inganta ilimin muhalli. Ya kuma ba da jagora mai amfani don kafa lambuna masu ɗorewa a cikin saitunan birane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Save the Philippine Seas a cikin 2022, Cuevas ya jaddada bukatar gaggawa don daidaita [[Canjin yanayi]] a aikin gona. Ya gano barazanar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi kamar matsanancin yanayi, sauya yanayin hazo, da yaduwar cututtukan shuke-shuke, kuma ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da amfanin gona mai tsayayya da yanayi, ayyukan noma masu ɗorewa, da manufofi masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke inganta kula da muhalli da [[Tsaron abinci|Tsaro na abinci]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> === Hakkin LGBTQ+, daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kuma fafutukar al'adu === [[Fayil:Kym_Chua_(drag_queen).jpg|thumb|315x315px|Kym Chua Valencia shine mutumin da ke cikin Keb Cuevas]] Cuevas mai ba da shawara ce ga haƙƙin mata da al'ummar LGBTQ+ +, tare da mai da hankali kan adawa da nuna bambanci, hadawa, da lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa. Ya goyi bayan wucewar Dokar Daidaitawar SOGIE kuma ya nuna goyon bayan jama'a ga auren jinsi guda da kuma samun damar hana cutar [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], gami da inganta PrEP.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuevas |first=Keb |date=February 14, 2018 |title=In fighting disinformation and trolls, silence 'cannot be an option' |url=https://www.rappler.com/moveph/196031-disinformation-democracy-forum-fight-back-silence/ |access-date=March 31, 2025 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref> Tallafinsa ya kai ga shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa tare da dandamali kamar [[TikTok]] da Queer Safe Spaces, inda yake taimakawa wajen fadada ganuwa da kamfen ɗin wayar da kan jama'a. Cuevas ya kuma shiga cikin abubuwan da suka faru kamar tafiye-tafiye na girman kai da sauran tarurruka na al'umma da ke murna da LGBTQ +.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Cuevas ya shiga cikin jawabin jama'a da ke kewaye da [[Nas Daily]] da abubuwan da yake koyawa a kan layi wanda ke nuna mai zane-zane na kabilar Whang-od. Cuevas ya nuna damuwa game da al'adun al'adu da wakilci, yana ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawa mai zurfi game da ba da labari na ɗabi'a da kuma alhakin kasuwanci na zamantakewa a cikin Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> == Kym Chua Valencia (mai zane-zane) == ''''''Kym Chua''' Valencia''', wani lokacin ana kiranta da Kym Chia ko kuma '''Miss Kym''', ita ce mai jan hankali na Keb Cuevas, musamman a cikin jan hankali na Filipino da kuma LGBTQ +.<ref name=":2"/> A matsayinsa na Kym, an san shi da mai zane-zane, mai karɓar bakuncin abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma mai shirya al'umma, yana inganta ganuwar jinsi da haɗin kai. Kym 'yar jan [[Riri Valencia Andrews]] ce, 'yar'uwar Arizona Brandy da matar Casa de Valencia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2021 |title=Economic managers hold first-ever online Sulong Pilipinas workshop with youth leaders from all over the Philippines {{!}} Philippine Information Agency |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423213950/https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1042154 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |access-date=March 27, 2025 |website=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> Sunan Kym ya ba da shi ne daga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Salmo Nella, wanda ya gabatar da shi a matsayin ''Kimberly Valencia'' a [[Hoesik Bar & Lounge]] . A matsayin girmamawa ga Al'adun kasar Sin, ya kara da Chua ga sunan, yayin da Kym ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta kasar Sin-Filipino Kim Chiu.<ref name=":2"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4rgoklow10y6iamuzqhm02q8t14dmy4 0 123994 888101 815643 2026-07-27T14:17:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar [[lafiya]] ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]]''' ita ce cibiyar da ke da alhakin daidaitawa, tsarawa, da kuma kula da tsarin [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]] a Jihar Kano, Najeriya. Ma'aikatar, karkashin jagorancin [[Commissioner|Kwamishinan]] da [[gwamna]] ya nada, an ba ta aiki tare da bunkasa manufofi masu alaƙa da kiwon lafiya, aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na jama'a, da kuma sarrafa albarkatun kiwon lafiya. Ayyukanta suna tallafawa isar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a duk fadin daya daga cikin jihohin da suka fi yawan jama'a a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Health – Kano State |url=http://health.kn.gov.ng/ |access-date=2025-11-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205101727/http://health.kn.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DevelopmentAid |url=https://www.developmentaid.org/ |access-date=2025-11-30 |website=DevelopmentAid |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kano State Nigeria Ministry of Health (MOH) |url=https://www.cor-ntd.org/research-outcomes/institutions/kano-state-nigeria-ministry-health-moh |access-date=2025-11-30 |website=COR-NTD |language=en}}</ref> Tana a No.4 post Office Road, Kano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us – Ministry of Health |url=http://health.kn.gov.ng/about-us/ |access-date=2025-11-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613065155/http://health.kn.gov.ng/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Jagora == Kwamishinan kiwon lafiya ne ke jagorantar ma'aikatar kuma sakataren dindindin yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da samar da mataimakin likita mai mahimmanci don taimakawa ci gaba da ayyukan ma'aikatan. Kwamishinan na yanzu shine Dr. [[Abubakar Labaran]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Health – Kano State |url=http://health.kn.gov.ng/ |access-date=2025-11-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205101727/http://health.kn.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsarin ƙungiya == * Gudanarwa * Kudi & lissafi * Shirye-shiryen, bincike & kididdiga * Ayyukan magunguna * Ayyukan kiwon lafiya * Ayyukan kiwon lafiya na jama'a * Ayyukan jinya == Parastals == Hukumar Kula da Asibitin Jihar Kano <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Health – Kano State |url=http://health.kn.gov.ng/ |access-date=2025-11-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205101727/http://health.kn.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwamitin Kula da Lafiya na Firamare na Kasa Kwalejin Jinya da Midwifery ta Jihar Kano <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Health – Kano State |url=http://health.kn.gov.ng/ |access-date=2025-11-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205101727/http://health.kn.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == s90wulfto5hy6gejiekgydwvn51v60n 0 124018 888286 750146 2026-07-27T20:50:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Ni-map.png|thumb|Taswirar Najeriya]] A cikin 2018, amfani da makamashi na farko na [[Najeriya]] ya kai kimanin 155 Mtoe.<ref name="eia1">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Energy Outlook |url=https://www.iea.org/articles/nigeria-energy-outlook |access-date=8 April 2014 |publisher=U.S. Energy Information Administration}}</ref> Yawancin makamashi sun fito ne daga kayan gargajiya da [[Shara|sharar gida]], wanda ya kai kashi 73.5% na jimlar amfani da farko a cikin 2018. Sauran sun fito ne daga man fetur (26.4%) da wutar lantarki.<ref name="eia1" /> Coal, tanadin Man fetur, iska gas, peat, hydroelectricity, hasken rana da iska sune manyan albarkatun makamashi a Najeriya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ogunsola |first=O. I. |date=1990-01-01 |title=History of energy sources and their utilization in Nigeria |url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6734300-history-energy-sources-utilization-nigeria |journal=Energy Sources |language=English |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=181–198 |bibcode=1990EneSA..12..181O |doi=10.1080/00908319008960198 |issn=0090-8312 |osti=6734300 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> kuma kasar ta kasance babbar mai samar da mai da iskar gas a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=OGUNSOLA |first=OLAYINKA I. |date=1990-01-01 |title=History of Energy Sources and Their-Utilization in Nigeria |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00908319008960198 |journal=Energy Sources |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=181–198 |bibcode=1990EneSA..12..181O |doi=10.1080/00908319008960198 |issn=0090-8312 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Fitar da shi a cikin 2022 ya kai kimanin ganga miliyan 1.2 na mai a kowace rana (bopd), da ganga 300 a kowace rana, yana mai da shi mafi girma mai samar da mai a nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oil Production Status Report |url=https://www.nuprc.gov.ng/oil-production-status-report/ |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817102419/https://www.nuprc.gov.ng/oil-production-status-report/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Najeriya tana da tanadin mai kusan ganga biliyan 37 da tanadin gas na kimanin 206 Tcf, matsayi na 10 da 8 a duniya, bi da bi, kuma yana ba shi isasshen wuri don ci gaba da bunkasa masana'antar hydrocarbons. Koyaya, Najeriya kuma memba ce ta [[OPEC|Ƙungiyar Kasashen Fitar da Man Fetur]] (OPEC) kuma tana ƙarƙashin ƙididdigar samarwa akai-akai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OPEC: Brief History |url=https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/24.htm |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=www.opec.org}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == == Man fetur == [[Fayil:Nigerdeltapetroleumsys.gif|thumb|Man fetur da iskar gas a Najeriya]] An tono rijiyar mai ta farko a Najeriya a 1958 a Oloibiri <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> wanda shine [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]] ta yanzu. Wannan ya yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar mahimmanci don samar da mai da iskar gas a Najeriya da kuma fitowar kasar a matsayin babban mai samar da mai & iskar gas na duniya. A cikin 2022, Najeriya har yanzu ita ce babbar mai samar da mai a Afirka kuma ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ogunsola |first=O. I. |date=1990-01-01 |title=History of energy sources and their utilization in Nigeria |url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6734300-history-energy-sources-utilization-nigeria |journal=Energy Sources |language=English |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=181–198 |bibcode=1990EneSA..12..181O |doi=10.1080/00908319008960198 |issn=0090-8312 |osti=6734300 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kamfanonin Man Fetur na Duniya (IOCs) kamar [[Shell]], [[Total|TotalEnergies]], [[ExxonMobil]], Chevron Corporation, [[Eni]], da [[Equinor]], sun saka hannun jari a Najeriya shekaru da yawa kuma sun kasance manyan kamfanonin samarwa a kasar, musamman a waje. Koyaya, ƙalubalen tsaro mai tsanani a cikin Neja Delta tare da ci gaba da sata a kan tsarin bututun mai a kan iyaka sun ci gaba da tura IOCs daga yankunan da ke kan iyaka, suna barin wuri ga masu zaman kansu na Najeriya don karɓar mahimman kadarorin mai da iskar gas. == Manazarta == kbc7taalqxvqenpixeo2et1mppuechq 0 125624 888323 755007 2026-07-27T22:23:43Z BNUBashirnuhuusman 45689 Nayi gyara 888323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Rouse family and others, Rouse Hill House, 1859 - photographer Major Thomas Wingate (7778465508).jpg|thumb|Gidan Rouse Hill]] '''Gidan Rouse Hill Estate''' gida ne da aka lissafa a matsayin gado da kuma fili a gefen titin Windsor (356 Annangrove Road), Rouse Hill, Birnin Blacktown, New South Wales, Ostiraliya. Gidan Rouse Hill da gonarsa gidan Richard Rouse ne, Sufeton Ayyukan Jama'a da Masu Laifuka na Mulkin Mallaka a Parramatta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2013 |title=Rouse Hill House & Farm |url=http://www.sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/rouse-hill-house-farm |access-date=6 October 2017 |website=Sydney Living Museums |publisher=[[Office of Environment and Heritage (New South Wales)|Office of Environment and Heritage]], [[Government of New South Wales]]}}</ref> An gina gidan, a cikin salon Georgian na Australiya, tsakanin 1813 da 1819 tare da ƙarin ci gaba a {{Circa|1863}} Gidajen tarihi na New South Wales ne ke kula da su a matsayin gidan tarihi wanda ke buɗe ga jama'a. Yawancin tsoffin filayen an mayar da su wurin shakatawa na Rouse Hill da kuma ci gaban gidaje da kasuwanci daga baya. An ƙara shi cikin Rijistar Gado ta Jihar New South Wales a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1999. == Tarihi == === Iyalan Rouse === Da alama Richard Rouse (1774-1852) ya fara gini a Rouse Hill a shekarar 1813 duk da cewa ba a bayar da tallafin 450 acres (180 ha) ba sai a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1816. [1] Wani lokaci tsakanin 1818 da 1825, Rouse, matarsa Elizabeth (1772-1849) da iyalinsa suka ƙaura daga Parramatta zuwa sabon gidan. Ɗan wani mai yin kabad na Oxfordshire kuma mai shago, Rouse ya zo yankin, kyauta, a shekarar 1801. Yana samun wadata cikin sauri, a shekarar 1805 ya zama Sufeto na Ayyukan Jama'a da Masu Laifuka a Parramatta.[2] [3] A cikin wannan matsayin, ya kula da ginin Gwamna Lachlan Macquarie da matarsa da aka ƙara a [[Tsohon Gidan Gwamnati, Parramatta]], a tsakiyar shekarun 1810. Yana yiwuwa waɗannan ayyukan su rinjayi Rouse ya gina babban gida fiye da yadda ya yi niyya da farko, yana ƙara manyan ɗakuna masu tsayi a bayan layin gaba. Ya zaɓi wurin da sabon gidansa zai zauna yayin da yake gina gidajen biyan kuɗi don hanyar da Macquarie ya inganta zuwa Kogin Hawkesbury . Rouse ya sanya sabon gidan a fili, wataƙila tare da lura da yuwuwar amfani da shi a matsayin masauki, a kan wani tudu kusa da gidan biyan kuɗi (wanda shi ma ya gina) a kan Parramatta zuwa Windsor Turnpike. Ya sami wasu kadarori, waɗanda suka fi gonakin Rouse Hill kyau, amma Rouse Hill yana da fa'idar zama mai kyau. Yayin da sauran gidajen mulkin mallaka na farko suka yi watsi da amfanin gona ko wuraren kiwo, Rouse Hill koyaushe yana kallon titin Windsor mai cike da jama'a. Daga nan ne Rouse da zuriyarsa suka kula da muradun kiwo da noma, maimakon kadarorin da kansu su zama abin da waɗannan sha'awar ke mayar da hankali a kai. Ba a yi wa Rouse kiwo a ƙasar ba, amma yana da wayo da iyawa, mai kula da kuɗi da kuma mallakar kadarori. Ya bar, bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 1852, manyan kadarori a duk faɗin yankin. Gidan Rouse Hill ya girma zuwa {{Convert|1200|acre|ha}} bayan mutuwar Rouse, ta hanyar siyan tallafi kusa da shi. Rouse ya haɗa filayensa a Arewacin Richmond tun daga kusan 1806 kuma ya ƙara yawan wuraren kiwo a arewa maso yammacin New South Wales, yana amfani da 'ya'yansa maza don mamaye yankin yamma yayin da yake ci gaba da samun filaye a Parramatta da Yammacin Sydney.<ref name="nswshr-2" /> == Manazarta == igx8r3w4tgz0tn7x9jjgdpaii89i12p 0 126062 888246 756150 2026-07-27T18:20:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Türker Tekin Ergüzel''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1978) farfesa ne na Turkiyya wanda ya kware a fannin fasaha na wucin gadi da ilimin kimiyyar halittu. A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Üsküdar da kuma darektan Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Lafiya. Binciken da yake so ya haɗa da hankali na wucin gadi, neuroimaging, ilmantarwa mai zurfi, da tsarin tsarin.<ref name="UskudarProfile">{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Türker Tekin Ergüzel |url=https://uskudar.edu.tr/akademik-personel/turker-tekin-erguzel |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=Üsküdar University}}</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Ergüzel ya kammala B.Sc. , M.Sc. , da Ph.D. digiri a cikin kwamfuta da sarrafa ilimi a [[Jami'ar Marmara]] a cikin 2000, 2003, da 2009, bi da bi.<ref name="UskudarProfile2">{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Türker Tekin Ergüzel |url=https://uskudar.edu.tr/akademik-personel/turker-tekin-erguzel |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=Üsküdar University}}</ref> Rubutun nasa na biyu ya mayar da hankali kan ilimin yanar gizo na tsarin bayanai, kuma bincikensa na digiri ya magance tsarin sarrafawa ta amfani da algorithms na Genetic-Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). A shekara ta 2012, ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na Jami'ar Üsküdar, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa da mai gudanarwa.<ref name="UskudarProfile"/> A watan Agustan 2024, an nada shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Üsküdar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2025 |title=Turker Tekin Erguzel |url=https://www.worldbrainmapping.org/turker-tekin-erguzel/ |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics |archive-date=27 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227053538/https://www.worldbrainmapping.org/turker-tekin-erguzel/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Lafiya a wannan ma'aikatar. == Bincike da gudummawa == Binciken Ergüzel yana mai da hankali kan aikace-aikacen hankali na wucin gadi a cikin kiwon lafiya, musamman a cikin: * ** Neuroimaging-based AI model** don bincike da bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2025 |title=Turker Tekin Erguzel |url=https://www.worldbrainmapping.org/turker-tekin-erguzel/ |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics |archive-date=27 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227053538/https://www.worldbrainmapping.org/turker-tekin-erguzel/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ** Algorithms na ilmantarwa mai zurfi** don sarrafa bayanan kiwon lafiya. * ** Fuzzy logic da inganta dabarun** don tsarin tsarin. Ayyukansa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kayan aikin bincike na AI a cikin kimiyyar kwakwalwa. == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == * Golden Axon Leadership Award, Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT), yana fahimtar gudummawar da ya bayar ga fasaha ta wucin gadi da bincike na neuroimaging.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2025 |title=Turker Tekin Erguzel |url=https://www.worldbrainmapping.org/turker-tekin-erguzel/ |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics |archive-date=27 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227053538/https://www.worldbrainmapping.org/turker-tekin-erguzel/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * Ergüzel, T. T., et al. "Aikace-aikacen tsarin ilmantarwa mai zurfi don neuroimaging a cikin rikice-rikice na hankali. " International Journal of Neuroscience. 2022. DOI: [10.1080/00207454.2022.2079506] (<nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1080/</nowiki> 002074542022.2059506). * Ergüzel, T. T., et al. "Babban rarrabawar rikicewar baƙin ciki bisa ga nau'ikan cibiyar sadarwa daban-daban: Hanyar ilmantarwa mai zurfi. " Clinical EEG da Neuroscience. 2021. DOI: 10.1177/1550059420914200. * Ergüzel, T. T., et al. "Hanyar ilmantarwa mai zurfi ta bambanta marasa lafiya tare da rikicewar bipolar daga sarrafawa tare da daidaito mai yawa ta amfani da bayanan EEG. " Clinical EEG da Neuroscience. 2024. DOI: 10.1177/15500594211012345. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ci5wfu6vl9znrd2y1q0fl91i85va6cd 0 126591 888147 757679 2026-07-27T16:12:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 888147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrew Jeremy Wakefield''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956 ) ɗan [[Ingila]] ne mai cin hanci, mai fafutukar rigakafi, kuma tsohon Babban likitan tiyata.{{Efn|Some sources state 1957.<ref name=BBCProfile>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3513365.stm |title=Profile: Dr Andrew Wakefield |website=BBC News |date=27 January 2010 |access-date=9 January 2011 |archive-date=8 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208191454/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3513365.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ManBehind"/>}} An cire shi daga rajistar likita saboda "mummunar" saboda sa hannu a cikin binciken yaudara na 1998 na Lancet MMR autism wanda ya yi ikirarin alaƙa tsakanin rigakafin kyanda, mumps, da rubella (MMR) da autism.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> Tallace-tallace da ke kewaye da binciken ya haifar da raguwa sosai a cikin allurar rigakafi, [[Landan]] ya haifar da barkewar cutar [[Baƙondoro|kyanda]] da yawa a duniya da kuma mutuwar mutane da yawa a sakamakon haka. Ya kasance likitan tiyata a shirin transplant na hanta a Royal Free Hospital a London, kuma ya zama babban malami da mai ba da shawara mai daraja a cikin gwajin Gastroenterology a Royal Free da Jami'ar Kwalejin Medicine. Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a can a shekara ta 2001 "ta hanyar yarjejeniya", sannan ya koma Amurka. A shekara ta 2004, Wakefield ya kafa kuma ya fara aiki a cibiyar bincike ta Thoughtful House (daga baya aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Johnson don Kiwon Lafiya da Ci Gaban Yara) a [[Austin|Austin, Texas]]. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan cibiyar har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2010, lokacin da ya yi murabus bayan binciken da aka yi masa daga Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya na Burtaniya wanda ya kori shi daga rajistar su. Daga baya ya zama sananne saboda gwagwarmayarsa ta rigakafi. Wakefield ya buga takarda ta 1998 game da autism a cikin mujallar kiwon lafiya ta Burtaniya The ''Lancet'', yana mai da'awar gano wani sabon nau'in enterocolitis da ke da alaƙa da autism. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike ba su iya sake maimaita bincikensa ba, <ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="black-2002">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Black C, Kaye JA, Jick H |date=August 2002 |title=Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database |journal=[[BMJ]] |volume=325 |issue=7361 |pages=419–421 |doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7361.419 |pmc=119436 |pmid=12193358}}</ref> kuma binciken da mai ba da rahoto na Sunday Times Brian Deer ya yi a shekara ta 2004 ya gano rikice-rikicen kudi da ba a bayyana ba game da Wakefield. Wakefield ya bayar da rahoton cewa ya tsaya don samun har zuwa dala miliyan 43 a kowace shekara yana sayar da kayan gwaji. Yawancin marubuta na Wakefield sun janye goyon bayansu ga fassarorin binciken, kuma Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya (GMC) ya gudanar da bincike kan zargin rashin adalci ga Wakefield da tsoffin abokan aiki biyu, suna mai da hankali kan binciken Deer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferriman |first=A |date=March 2004 |title=MP raises new allegations against Andrew Wakefield |journal=BMJ |volume=328 |issue=7442 |page=726 |doi=10.1136/bmj.328.7442.726-a |pmc=381348 |pmid=15612092}}</ref> Watanni uku bayan haka, an cire Wakefield daga rajistar likitancin Burtaniya, a wani bangare saboda ya yi watsi da binciken da aka buga a cikin The Lancet.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM2">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> A cikin wani yanke shawara na shari'a, kotun Burtaniya ta yanke hukuncin cewa "[t] yanzu babu wani bangare mai daraja wanda ke goyan bayan ra'ayin [Wakefield], cewa allurar rigakafin MMR da autism / enterocolitis suna da alaƙa". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Wakefield a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956, ga Graham Wakefield, likitan jijiyoyi, da Bridget d'Estouteville Matthews, babban likita, a [[Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital|Asibitin Tunawa da Red Cross na Kanada]] a Taplow, Ingila.<ref name="Goddard2">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> A matsayinsa na [[Makarantar allo|Ɗalibi na rana]] a Makarantar Sarki Edward mai zaman kanta, Bath, ya kasance kyaftin din tawagar [[Rugby union|rugby]] ta gida.<ref name=":12" /> Bayan barin Makarantar Sarki Edward, Wakefield ta yi karatun likita a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin St Mary <ref name="Goddard">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> (yanzu Makarantar Kiwo ta Kwalejin Imperial), cikakke a 1981. Wakefield ya zama Fellow na Royal College of Surgeons a shekarar 1985. == ⁴Ayyuka == A Jami'ar Toronto daga 1986 zuwa 1989, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ke nazarin matsalolin ƙin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da karamin hanji, ta amfani da samfuran dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na karamin hanji a karkashin Wellcome Trust tafiya a Jami'ar Toronto a Kanada. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Wakefield ya koma Burtaniya don mayar da hankali kan bincike. Ya shiga Royal Free Hospital a London a cikin 1990s kuma ya kasance a can har sai da ya yi murabus a shekara ta 2001. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar a Royal da ke aiki a kan cututtukan kumburi na hanji daga 1995 zuwa 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] ==manazarta == bj3od4nk54f87eh7f7s37mgmg6jw5uh 888149 888147 2026-07-27T16:12:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 888149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrew Jeremy Wakefield''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956 ) ɗan [[Ingila]] ne mai cin hanci, mai fafutukar rigakafi, kuma tsohon Babban likitan tiyata. An cire shi daga rajistar likita saboda "mummunar" saboda sa hannu a cikin binciken yaudara na 1998 na Lancet MMR autism wanda ya yi ikirarin alaƙa tsakanin rigakafin kyanda, mumps, da rubella (MMR) da autism.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> Tallace-tallace da ke kewaye da binciken ya haifar da raguwa sosai a cikin allurar rigakafi, [[Landan]] ya haifar da barkewar cutar [[Baƙondoro|kyanda]] da yawa a duniya da kuma mutuwar mutane da yawa a sakamakon haka. Ya kasance likitan tiyata a shirin transplant na hanta a Royal Free Hospital a London, kuma ya zama babban malami da mai ba da shawara mai daraja a cikin gwajin Gastroenterology a Royal Free da Jami'ar Kwalejin Medicine. Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a can a shekara ta 2001 "ta hanyar yarjejeniya", sannan ya koma Amurka. A shekara ta 2004, Wakefield ya kafa kuma ya fara aiki a cibiyar bincike ta Thoughtful House (daga baya aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Johnson don Kiwon Lafiya da Ci Gaban Yara) a [[Austin|Austin, Texas]]. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan cibiyar har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2010, lokacin da ya yi murabus bayan binciken da aka yi masa daga Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya na Burtaniya wanda ya kori shi daga rajistar su. Daga baya ya zama sananne saboda gwagwarmayarsa ta rigakafi. Wakefield ya buga takarda ta 1998 game da autism a cikin mujallar kiwon lafiya ta Burtaniya The ''Lancet'', yana mai da'awar gano wani sabon nau'in enterocolitis da ke da alaƙa da autism. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike ba su iya sake maimaita bincikensa ba, <ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="black-2002">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Black C, Kaye JA, Jick H |date=August 2002 |title=Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database |journal=[[BMJ]] |volume=325 |issue=7361 |pages=419–421 |doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7361.419 |pmc=119436 |pmid=12193358}}</ref> kuma binciken da mai ba da rahoto na Sunday Times Brian Deer ya yi a shekara ta 2004 ya gano rikice-rikicen kudi da ba a bayyana ba game da Wakefield. Wakefield ya bayar da rahoton cewa ya tsaya don samun har zuwa dala miliyan 43 a kowace shekara yana sayar da kayan gwaji. Yawancin marubuta na Wakefield sun janye goyon bayansu ga fassarorin binciken, kuma Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya (GMC) ya gudanar da bincike kan zargin rashin adalci ga Wakefield da tsoffin abokan aiki biyu, suna mai da hankali kan binciken Deer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferriman |first=A |date=March 2004 |title=MP raises new allegations against Andrew Wakefield |journal=BMJ |volume=328 |issue=7442 |page=726 |doi=10.1136/bmj.328.7442.726-a |pmc=381348 |pmid=15612092}}</ref> Watanni uku bayan haka, an cire Wakefield daga rajistar likitancin Burtaniya, a wani bangare saboda ya yi watsi da binciken da aka buga a cikin The Lancet.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM2">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> A cikin wani yanke shawara na shari'a, kotun Burtaniya ta yanke hukuncin cewa "[t] yanzu babu wani bangare mai daraja wanda ke goyan bayan ra'ayin [Wakefield], cewa allurar rigakafin MMR da autism / enterocolitis suna da alaƙa". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Wakefield a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956, ga Graham Wakefield, likitan jijiyoyi, da Bridget d'Estouteville Matthews, babban likita, a [[Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital|Asibitin Tunawa da Red Cross na Kanada]] a Taplow, Ingila.<ref name="Goddard2">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> A matsayinsa na [[Makarantar allo|Ɗalibi na rana]] a Makarantar Sarki Edward mai zaman kanta, Bath, ya kasance kyaftin din tawagar [[Rugby union|rugby]] ta gida.<ref name=":12" /> Bayan barin Makarantar Sarki Edward, Wakefield ta yi karatun likita a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin St Mary <ref name="Goddard">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> (yanzu Makarantar Kiwo ta Kwalejin Imperial), cikakke a 1981. Wakefield ya zama Fellow na Royal College of Surgeons a shekarar 1985. == ⁴Ayyuka == A Jami'ar Toronto daga 1986 zuwa 1989, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ke nazarin matsalolin ƙin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da karamin hanji, ta amfani da samfuran dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na karamin hanji a karkashin Wellcome Trust tafiya a Jami'ar Toronto a Kanada. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Wakefield ya koma Burtaniya don mayar da hankali kan bincike. Ya shiga Royal Free Hospital a London a cikin 1990s kuma ya kasance a can har sai da ya yi murabus a shekara ta 2001. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar a Royal da ke aiki a kan cututtukan kumburi na hanji daga 1995 zuwa 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] ==manazarta == mwz96lfmmgi9z7yfurtuunge2dognm0 888150 888149 2026-07-27T16:12:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 888150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrew Jeremy Wakefield''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956 ) ɗan [[Ingila]] ne mai cin hanci, mai fafutukar rigakafi, kuma tsohon Babban likitan tiyata. An cire shi daga rajistar likita saboda "mummunar" saboda sa hannu a cikin binciken yaudara na 1998 na Lancet MMR autism wanda ya yi ikirarin alaƙa tsakanin rigakafin kyanda, mumps, da rubella (MMR) da autism.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> Tallace-tallace da ke kewaye da binciken ya haifar da raguwa sosai a cikin allurar rigakafi, [[Landan]] ya haifar da barkewar cutar [[Baƙondoro|kyanda]] da yawa a duniya da kuma mutuwar mutane da yawa a sakamakon haka. Ya kasance likitan tiyata a shirin transplant na hanta a Royal Free Hospital a London, kuma ya zama babban malami da mai ba da shawara mai daraja a cikin gwajin Gastroenterology a Royal Free da Jami'ar Kwalejin Medicine. Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a can a shekara ta 2001 "ta hanyar yarjejeniya", sannan ya koma Amurka. A shekara ta 2004, Wakefield ya kafa kuma ya fara aiki a cibiyar bincike ta Thoughtful House (daga baya aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Johnson don Kiwon Lafiya da Ci Gaban Yara) a [[Austin|Austin, Texas]]. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan cibiyar har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2010, lokacin da ya yi murabus bayan binciken da aka yi masa daga Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya na Burtaniya wanda ya kori shi daga rajistar su. Daga baya ya zama sananne saboda gwagwarmayarsa ta rigakafi. Wakefield ya buga takarda ta 1998 game da autism a cikin mujallar kiwon lafiya ta Burtaniya The ''Lancet'', yana mai da'awar gano wani sabon nau'in enterocolitis da ke da alaƙa da autism. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike ba su iya sake maimaita bincikensa ba,<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="black-2002">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Black C, Kaye JA, Jick H |date=August 2002 |title=Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database |journal=[[BMJ]] |volume=325 |issue=7361 |pages=419–421 |doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7361.419 |pmc=119436 |pmid=12193358}}</ref> kuma binciken da mai ba da rahoto na Sunday Times Brian Deer ya yi a shekara ta 2004 ya gano rikice-rikicen kudi da ba a bayyana ba game da Wakefield. Wakefield ya bayar da rahoton cewa ya tsaya don samun har zuwa dala miliyan 43 a kowace shekara yana sayar da kayan gwaji. Yawancin marubuta na Wakefield sun janye goyon bayansu ga fassarorin binciken, kuma Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya (GMC) ya gudanar da bincike kan zargin rashin adalci ga Wakefield da tsoffin abokan aiki biyu, suna mai da hankali kan binciken Deer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferriman |first=A |date=March 2004 |title=MP raises new allegations against Andrew Wakefield |journal=BMJ |volume=328 |issue=7442 |page=726 |doi=10.1136/bmj.328.7442.726-a |pmc=381348 |pmid=15612092}}</ref> Watanni uku bayan haka, an cire Wakefield daga rajistar likitancin Burtaniya, a wani bangare saboda ya yi watsi da binciken da aka buga a cikin The Lancet.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM2">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> A cikin wani yanke shawara na shari'a, kotun Burtaniya ta yanke hukuncin cewa "[t] yanzu babu wani bangare mai daraja wanda ke goyan bayan ra'ayin [Wakefield], cewa allurar rigakafin MMR da autism / enterocolitis suna da alaƙa". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Wakefield a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956, ga Graham Wakefield, likitan jijiyoyi, da Bridget d'Estouteville Matthews, babban likita, a [[Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital|Asibitin Tunawa da Red Cross na Kanada]] a Taplow, Ingila.<ref name="Goddard2">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> A matsayinsa na [[Makarantar allo|Ɗalibi na rana]] a Makarantar Sarki Edward mai zaman kanta, Bath, ya kasance kyaftin din tawagar [[Rugby union|rugby]] ta gida.<ref name=":12" /> Bayan barin Makarantar Sarki Edward, Wakefield ta yi karatun likita a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin St Mary <ref name="Goddard">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> (yanzu Makarantar Kiwo ta Kwalejin Imperial), cikakke a 1981. Wakefield ya zama Fellow na Royal College of Surgeons a shekarar 1985. == ⁴Ayyuka == A Jami'ar Toronto daga 1986 zuwa 1989, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ke nazarin matsalolin ƙin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da karamin hanji, ta amfani da samfuran dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na karamin hanji a karkashin Wellcome Trust tafiya a Jami'ar Toronto a Kanada. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Wakefield ya koma Burtaniya don mayar da hankali kan bincike. Ya shiga Royal Free Hospital a London a cikin 1990s kuma ya kasance a can har sai da ya yi murabus a shekara ta 2001. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar a Royal da ke aiki a kan cututtukan kumburi na hanji daga 1995 zuwa 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] ==manazarta == 8uvbd9kpj8kqau2lcvcy8k5oy9qcp98 888151 888150 2026-07-27T16:12:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 888151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrew Jeremy Wakefield''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956 ) ɗan [[Ingila]] ne mai cin hanci, mai fafutukar rigakafi, kuma tsohon Babban likitan tiyata. An cire shi daga rajistar likita saboda "mummunar" saboda sa hannu a cikin binciken yaudara na 1998 na Lancet MMR autism wanda ya yi ikirarin alaƙa tsakanin rigakafin kyanda, mumps, da rubella (MMR) da autism.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> Tallace-tallace da ke kewaye da binciken ya haifar da raguwa sosai a cikin allurar rigakafi, [[Landan]] ya haifar da barkewar cutar [[Baƙondoro|kyanda]] da yawa a duniya da kuma mutuwar mutane da yawa a sakamakon haka. Ya kasance likitan tiyata a shirin transplant na hanta a Royal Free Hospital a London, kuma ya zama babban malami da mai ba da shawara mai daraja a cikin gwajin Gastroenterology a Royal Free da Jami'ar Kwalejin Medicine. Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a can a shekara ta 2001 "ta hanyar yarjejeniya", sannan ya koma Amurka. A shekara ta 2004, Wakefield ya kafa kuma ya fara aiki a cibiyar bincike ta Thoughtful House (daga baya aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Johnson don Kiwon Lafiya da Ci Gaban Yara) a [[Austin|Austin, Texas]]. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan cibiyar har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2010, lokacin da ya yi murabus bayan binciken da aka yi masa daga Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya na Burtaniya wanda ya kori shi daga rajistar su. Daga baya ya zama sananne saboda gwagwarmayarsa ta rigakafi. Wakefield ya buga takarda ta 1998 game da autism a cikin mujallar kiwon lafiya ta Burtaniya The ''Lancet'', yana mai da'awar gano wani sabon nau'in enterocolitis da ke da alaƙa da autism. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike ba su iya sake maimaita bincikensa ba,<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="black-2002">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Black C, Kaye JA, Jick H |date=August 2002 |title=Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database |journal=[[BMJ]] |volume=325 |issue=7361 |pages=419–421 |doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7361.419 |pmc=119436 |pmid=12193358}}</ref> kuma binciken da mai ba da rahoto na Sunday Times Brian Deer ya yi a shekara ta 2004 ya gano rikice-rikicen kudi da ba a bayyana ba game da Wakefield. Wakefield ya bayar da rahoton cewa ya tsaya don samun har zuwa dala miliyan 43 a kowace shekara yana sayar da kayan gwaji. Yawancin marubuta na Wakefield sun janye goyon bayansu ga fassarorin binciken, kuma Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya (GMC) ya gudanar da bincike kan zargin rashin adalci ga Wakefield da tsoffin abokan aiki biyu, suna mai da hankali kan binciken Deer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferriman |first=A |date=March 2004 |title=MP raises new allegations against Andrew Wakefield |journal=BMJ |volume=328 |issue=7442 |page=726 |doi=10.1136/bmj.328.7442.726-a |pmc=381348 |pmid=15612092}}</ref> Watanni uku bayan haka, an cire Wakefield daga rajistar likitancin Burtaniya, a wani bangare saboda ya yi watsi da binciken da aka buga a cikin The Lancet.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM2">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> A cikin wani yanke shawara na shari'a, kotun Burtaniya ta yanke hukuncin cewa "[t] yanzu babu wani bangare mai daraja wanda ke goyan bayan ra'ayin [Wakefield], cewa allurar rigakafin MMR da autism / enterocolitis suna da alaƙa". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Wakefield a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956, ga Graham Wakefield, likitan jijiyoyi, da Bridget d'Estouteville Matthews, babban likita, a [[Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital|Asibitin Tunawa da Red Cross na Kanada]] a Taplow, Ingila.<ref name="Goddard2">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> A matsayinsa na [[Makarantar allo|Ɗalibi na rana]] a Makarantar Sarki Edward mai zaman kanta, Bath, ya kasance kyaftin din tawagar [[Rugby union|rugby]] ta gida.<ref name=":12" /> Bayan barin Makarantar Sarki Edward, Wakefield ta yi karatun likita a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin St Mary <ref name="Goddard">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> (yanzu Makarantar Kiwo ta Kwalejin Imperial), cikakke a 1981. Wakefield ya zama Fellow na Royal College of Surgeons a shekarar 1985. == Ayyuka == A Jami'ar Toronto daga 1986 zuwa 1989, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ke nazarin matsalolin ƙin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da karamin hanji, ta amfani da samfuran dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na karamin hanji a karkashin Wellcome Trust tafiya a Jami'ar Toronto a Kanada. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Wakefield ya koma Burtaniya don mayar da hankali kan bincike. Ya shiga Royal Free Hospital a London a cikin 1990s kuma ya kasance a can har sai da ya yi murabus a shekara ta 2001. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar a Royal da ke aiki a kan cututtukan kumburi na hanji daga 1995 zuwa 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] ==manazarta == 7qffxxljgqee8c3ayj4qjlhxkaoceav 888152 888151 2026-07-27T16:13:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 888152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrew Jeremy Wakefield''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956 ) ɗan [[Ingila]] ne mai cin hanci, mai fafutukar rigakafi, kuma tsohon Babban likitan tiyata. An cire shi daga rajistar likita saboda "mummunar" saboda sa hannu a cikin binciken yaudara na 1998 na Lancet MMR autism wanda ya yi ikirarin alaƙa tsakanin rigakafin kyanda, mumps, da rubella (MMR) da autism.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> Tallace-tallace da ke kewaye da binciken ya haifar da raguwa sosai a cikin allurar rigakafi, [[Landan]] ya haifar da barkewar cutar [[Baƙondoro|kyanda]] da yawa a duniya da kuma mutuwar mutane da yawa a sakamakon haka. Ya kasance likitan tiyata a shirin transplant na hanta a Royal Free Hospital a London, kuma ya zama babban malami da mai ba da shawara mai daraja a cikin gwajin Gastroenterology a Royal Free da Jami'ar Kwalejin Medicine. Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a can a shekara ta 2001 "ta hanyar yarjejeniya", sannan ya koma Amurka. A shekara ta 2004, Wakefield ya kafa kuma ya fara aiki a cibiyar bincike ta Thoughtful House (daga baya aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Johnson don Kiwon Lafiya da Ci Gaban Yara) a [[Austin|Austin, Texas]]. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan cibiyar har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2010, lokacin da ya yi murabus bayan binciken da aka yi masa daga Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya na Burtaniya wanda ya kori shi daga rajistar su. Daga baya ya zama sananne saboda gwagwarmayarsa ta rigakafi. Wakefield ya buga takarda ta 1998 game da autism a cikin mujallar kiwon lafiya ta Burtaniya The ''Lancet'', yana mai da'awar gano wani sabon nau'in enterocolitis da ke da alaƙa da autism. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike ba su iya sake maimaita bincikensa ba,<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="black-2002">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Black C, Kaye JA, Jick H |date=August 2002 |title=Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database |journal=[[BMJ]] |volume=325 |issue=7361 |pages=419–421 |doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7361.419 |pmc=119436 |pmid=12193358}}</ref> kuma binciken da mai ba da rahoto na Sunday Times Brian Deer ya yi a shekara ta 2004 ya gano rikice-rikicen kudi da ba a bayyana ba game da Wakefield. Wakefield ya bayar da rahoton cewa ya tsaya don samun har zuwa dala miliyan 43 a kowace shekara yana sayar da kayan gwaji. Yawancin marubuta na Wakefield sun janye goyon bayansu ga fassarorin binciken, kuma Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya (GMC) ya gudanar da bincike kan zargin rashin adalci ga Wakefield da tsoffin abokan aiki biyu, suna mai da hankali kan binciken Deer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferriman |first=A |date=March 2004 |title=MP raises new allegations against Andrew Wakefield |journal=BMJ |volume=328 |issue=7442 |page=726 |doi=10.1136/bmj.328.7442.726-a |pmc=381348 |pmid=15612092}}</ref> Watanni uku bayan haka, an cire Wakefield daga rajistar likitancin Burtaniya, a wani bangare saboda ya yi watsi da binciken da aka buga a cikin The Lancet.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM2">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> A cikin wani yanke shawara na shari'a, kotun Burtaniya ta yanke hukuncin cewa "[t] yanzu babu wani bangare mai daraja wanda ke goyan bayan ra'ayin [Wakefield], cewa allurar rigakafin MMR da autism / enterocolitis suna da alaƙa". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Wakefield a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956, ga Graham Wakefield, likitan jijiyoyi, da Bridget d'Estouteville Matthews, babban likita, a [[Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital|Asibitin Tunawa da Red Cross na Kanada]] a Taplow, Ingila.<ref name="Goddard2">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> A matsayinsa na [[Makarantar allo|Ɗalibi na rana]] a Makarantar Sarki Edward mai zaman kanta, Bath, ya kasance kyaftin din tawagar [[Rugby union|rugby]] ta gida.<ref name=":12" /> Bayan barin Makarantar Sarki Edward, Wakefield ta yi karatun likita a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin St Mary <ref name="Goddard">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> (yanzu Makarantar Kiwo ta Kwalejin Imperial), cikakke a 1981. Wakefield ya zama Fellow na Royal College of Surgeons a shekarar 1985. == Ayyuka == A Jami'ar Toronto daga 1986 zuwa 1989, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ke nazarin matsalolin ƙin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da karamin hanji, ta amfani da samfuran dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na karamin hanji a karkashin Wellcome Trust tafiya a Jami'ar Toronto a Kanada. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Wakefield ya koma Burtaniya don mayar da hankali kan bincike. Ya shiga Royal Free Hospital a London a cikin 1990s kuma ya kasance a can har sai da ya yi murabus a shekara ta 2001. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar a Royal da ke aiki a kan cututtukan kumburi na hanji daga 1995 zuwa 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] ==manazarta == {{Reflist}} rktpsiyyha83eysihmce91shruk2eb9 888154 888152 2026-07-27T16:13:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 888154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrew Jeremy Wakefield''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956 ) ɗan [[Ingila]] ne mai cin hanci, mai fafutukar rigakafi, kuma tsohon Babban likitan tiyata. An cire shi daga rajistar likita saboda "mummunar" saboda sa hannu a cikin binciken yaudara na 1998 na Lancet MMR autism wanda ya yi ikirarin alaƙa tsakanin rigakafin kyanda, mumps, da rubella (MMR) da autism.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> Tallace-tallace da ke kewaye da binciken ya haifar da raguwa sosai a cikin allurar rigakafi, [[Landan]] ya haifar da barkewar cutar [[Baƙondoro|kyanda]] da yawa a duniya da kuma mutuwar mutane da yawa a sakamakon haka. Ya kasance likitan tiyata a shirin transplant na hanta a Royal Free Hospital a London, kuma ya zama babban malami da mai ba da shawara mai daraja a cikin gwajin Gastroenterology a Royal Free da Jami'ar Kwalejin Medicine. Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa a can a shekara ta 2001 "ta hanyar yarjejeniya", sannan ya koma Amurka. A shekara ta 2004, Wakefield ya kafa kuma ya fara aiki a cibiyar bincike ta Thoughtful House (daga baya aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Johnson don Kiwon Lafiya da Ci Gaban Yara) a [[Austin|Austin, Texas]]. Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan cibiyar har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2010, lokacin da ya yi murabus bayan binciken da aka yi masa daga Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya na Burtaniya wanda ya kori shi daga rajistar su. Daga baya ya zama sananne saboda gwagwarmayarsa ta rigakafi. Wakefield ya buga takarda ta 1998 game da autism a cikin mujallar kiwon lafiya ta Burtaniya The ''Lancet'', yana mai da'awar gano wani sabon nau'in enterocolitis da ke da alaƙa da autism. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike ba su iya sake maimaita bincikensa ba,<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="black-2002">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Black C, Kaye JA, Jick H |date=August 2002 |title=Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database |journal=[[BMJ]] |volume=325 |issue=7361 |pages=419–421 |doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7361.419 |pmc=119436 |pmid=12193358}}</ref> kuma binciken da mai ba da rahoto na Sunday Times Brian Deer ya yi a shekara ta 2004 ya gano rikice-rikicen kudi da ba a bayyana ba game da Wakefield. Wakefield ya bayar da rahoton cewa ya tsaya don samun har zuwa dala miliyan 43 a kowace shekara yana sayar da kayan gwaji. Yawancin marubuta na Wakefield sun janye goyon bayansu ga fassarorin binciken, kuma Babban Kwamitin Kiwon Lafiya (GMC) ya gudanar da bincike kan zargin rashin adalci ga Wakefield da tsoffin abokan aiki biyu, suna mai da hankali kan binciken Deer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferriman |first=A |date=March 2004 |title=MP raises new allegations against Andrew Wakefield |journal=BMJ |volume=328 |issue=7442 |page=726 |doi=10.1136/bmj.328.7442.726-a |pmc=381348 |pmid=15612092}}</ref> Watanni uku bayan haka, an cire Wakefield daga rajistar likitancin Burtaniya, a wani bangare saboda ya yi watsi da binciken da aka buga a cikin The Lancet.<ref name="gmc-uk_Wakefield_SPM2">{{Cite web |title=General Medical Council, Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 24 May 2010, Andrew Wakefield, Determination of Serious Professional Misconduct |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809092833/http://www.gmc-uk.org/Wakefield_SPM_and_SANCTION.pdf_32595267.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2011 |access-date=18 September 2011 |website=General Medical Council}}</ref> A cikin wani yanke shawara na shari'a, kotun Burtaniya ta yanke hukuncin cewa "" yanzu babu wani bangare mai daraja wanda ke goyan bayan ra'ayin [Wakefield], cewa allurar rigakafin MMR da autism / enterocolitis suna da alaƙa". == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Wakefield a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1956, ga Graham Wakefield, likitan jijiyoyi, da Bridget d'Estouteville Matthews, babban likita, a [[Canadian Red Cross Memorial Hospital|Asibitin Tunawa da Red Cross na Kanada]] a Taplow, Ingila.<ref name="Goddard2">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> A matsayinsa na [[Makarantar allo|Ɗalibi na rana]] a Makarantar Sarki Edward mai zaman kanta, Bath, ya kasance kyaftin din tawagar [[Rugby union|rugby]] ta gida.<ref name=":12" /> Bayan barin Makarantar Sarki Edward, Wakefield ta yi karatun likita a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin St Mary <ref name="Goddard">{{Cite web |last=Goddard |first=A |date=27 February 2004 |title=In the news: Andrew Wakefield |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826013325/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=183275&sectioncode=26 |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=18 February 2010 |website=Times Higher Education Supplement |publisher=TSL Education Ltd.}}</ref> (yanzu Makarantar Kiwo ta Kwalejin Imperial), cikakke a 1981. Wakefield ya zama Fellow na Royal College of Surgeons a shekarar 1985. == Ayyuka == A Jami'ar Toronto daga 1986 zuwa 1989, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ke nazarin matsalolin ƙin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da karamin hanji, ta amfani da samfuran dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da karatunsa na karamin hanji a karkashin Wellcome Trust tafiya a Jami'ar Toronto a Kanada. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Wakefield ya koma Burtaniya don mayar da hankali kan bincike. Ya shiga Royal Free Hospital a London a cikin 1990s kuma ya kasance a can har sai da ya yi murabus a shekara ta 2001. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar a Royal da ke aiki a kan cututtukan kumburi na hanji daga 1995 zuwa 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=etal |vauthors=Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M |date=November 2002 |title=A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism |journal=[[N. Engl. J. Med.]] |volume=347 |issue=19 |pages=1477–1482 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa021134 |pmid=12421889 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] ==manazarta == {{Reflist}} gb0cpxpcmr2zt9ioxb4s5bvbj1kno0q 0 126655 888337 794991 2026-07-27T23:22:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Laurier Macdonald High School (Faransanci: École secondaire Laurier MacDonald), wanda aka taƙaita a al'ada a matsayin "LMAC" amma a wasu lokuta a matsayin "LBHS", makarantar jama'a ce ta Turanci a gabashin [[Montréal|Montreal]], [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]], Kanada. An sanya sunan makarantar ne ga John A. Macdonald, Firayim Minista na farko na Kanada kuma Uba na Tarayyar da Wilfrid Laurier, Firayim Firayim Ministan Faransa-Kanada na farko na Canada. Tsohon ɓangare na La Commission Scolaire Jérôme-Le Royer, makarantar ta kasance wani ɓangare na Hukumar Makarantar Montreal ta Turanci tun 1998. Dukkanin kungiyoyin wasanni na maza da mata suna gasa a matsayin Rams. Shiga ya kai dan kadan fiye da dalibai 800 a makarantar sakandare ta I, II, III, IV da V. Cristina Celzi ita ce shugabar makarantar sakandare ta Laurier Macdonald a yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Administrative Appointments 2020-21 |url=https://az184419.vo.msecnd.net/emsb/emsb-website/en/docs/2019-2020/admin-appts-may-27-2020-final.pdf |access-date=11 March 2023 |website=English Montreal School Board |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311230628/https://az184419.vo.msecnd.net/emsb/emsb-website/en/docs/2019-2020/admin-appts-may-27-2020-final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Miss Monti ita ce mataimakiyar shugaban makarantar a yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty & Staff |url=https://lauriermac.emsb.qc.ca/lmac/about/staff |access-date=11 March 2023 |website=Laurier Macdonald High School}}</ref> Makarantar tana da masu ba da shawara na cikakken lokaci guda biyu da kuma ma'aikaciyar jinya. Launuka na makaranta sune orange da baki. Launuka na al'ada sune fari da launin toka. Taken shi ne Finis Coronat Opus (Latin don "Ƙarshen ya lashe aikin"). == Tarihi == Laurier Macdonald ya buɗe a watan Satumbar 1969 ba tare da gini ba. Sabuwar makarantar ta yi wa Jama'ar Katolika masu magana da Ingilishi na Birnin Saint-Léonard hidima. Yayinda wani tsohuwar gini a 5750 Metropolitan Autoroute (A-40) da aka gina a matsayin masana'anta ana canza shi zuwa makarantar sakandare, Hukumar Scolaire Jérôme-Le Royer ta hayar ɗakunan aji a makarantar Protestant da ke kusa (Dunton High School) don dalibai su iya halartar azuzuwan a ƙarshen rana da farkon maraice. Wannan tsari ya ƙare a farkon 1970 lokacin da aka shirya kayan aikin Metropolitan Autoroute. A cikin 'yan shekaru, duk da haka, an yanke hukuncin cewa iyakokin tsohon ginin sun yi tsanani sosai, duk da gyare-gyare, kuma hukumar makarantar ta fara tattauna game da gina sabon gini da gaske. Canjin yanayin siyasa a lardin ya zama matsala, duk da haka. Gwamnatin Parti Québécois ta ayyana dakatarwar gina makarantun Ingilishi jim kadan bayan ta hau mulki a farkon shekara ta 1976. An shirya yajin aikin dalibai a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1973, karkashin jagorancin wani dalibi mai suna Frank Fazzari, don kawo hankalin jama'a game da cutar da aka samu ta hanyar kula da dukkan makarantun Turanci a gabashin Montreal. Yajin aikin da dalibai suka yi shi ne amsar makarantar da Hukumar Makarantar Jérôme-Le Royer ta yi watsi da ita. Wata makarantar da ke da yawan jama'a tare da damar dalibai 800 tana ba da dalibai 1200. Makarantar ta kasance cikin rikice-rikice tare da mai kula da gida don kula da kayan aiki, ba tare da wuraren wanka ba, ƙofofi ba tare da kulle ba, ramuka a cikin bangon katako, ƙarancin ɗakunan ajiya, da yanayin rashin tsabta. Ba lallai ba ne a ce, wuraren ba su da kyakkyawan wuri ga malamai da ɗalibai da ke gwagwarmaya don babban burin ilimi mai kyau.  An rubuta yajin aikin sosai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Ingilishi da Faransanci. Wani labarin shafi na gaba a cikin Montreal Star wanda yanzu ya mutu ya nuna labarin sakaci tare da hoton Frank Fazzari yana riƙe da wani karyewar ruwa a cikin gidan wanka a matsayin alama ta rashin amincewa da sakaci na ɗaliban Turanci. Yayinda wannan ke faruwa, Hukumar Makarantar Jérôme-Le Royer ta kammala, a cikin 1969, mafi ci gaba da cikakken makarantar sakandare ita ce makarantar sakandare mai magana da Faransanci a yankin Saint-Léonard, Antoine de St-Exupéry, yayin da Laurier Macdonald ba komai ba ne face makaranta a wuraren haya. Wannan ya kasance abin takaici ga yawan iyayen Saint-Léonard masu magana da Ingilishi da ɗalibai. Koyaya, tare da buɗe sabuwar makarantar sakandare ta Antoine de St-Exupéry, ginin da aka yi amfani da shi don saukar da ɗaliban Faransanci yanzu yana nan. Ginin Aime Renaud (kuma gini ne da aka hayar a kan Metropolitan) ya zama ƙaramin makarantar sakandare ta Turanci don ciyar da Laurier Macdonald. Wannan ya sauƙaƙa yawan jama'a a Laurier Macdonald. An yi amfani da makarantar sakandare ta Aime Renaud a matsayin ƙaramar makarantar sakandare don Sakandare ta I da II yayin da aka yi amfani da Laurier Macdonald don Sakandare na III, IV da V. Matsi da fallasa kafofin watsa labarai sun haifar da amsawa cikin sauri daga kwamitin makaranta tare da ganawa da majalisar dalibai wanda ya gabatar da takarda a madadin dalibai tare da bukatun cewa makarantarsu ta kasance sanye take da kulawa da kayan aiki masu dacewa don gudanar da makarantar da ke cike da yawan jama'a. Halin kwamitin ya kasance rufe makarantar na wucin gadi na mako guda kuma abin takaici ga dukkan mambobin kwamitin makarantar, sun sami nasarar gyarawa, fenti da gyara duk abubuwan da ba su dace ba. a makaranta. An gayyaci kafofin watsa labarai don ganin duk gyare-gyare. === Laurier Macdonald RadioClub === Rediyon Laurier Macdonald ya fara watsa shirye-shirye na yau da kullun a watan Mayu 2006. Tashar tana watsa shirye-shirye a ko'ina cikin harabar ta hanyar mai ɗaukar hoto a kan 560 AM. Rediyon RUNTS ya wanzu a cikin tsohon Laurier Macdonald a kan Metropolitan. Shirin rediyo ne na minti 15 wanda aka watsa shi a kan tsarin sadarwa sau ɗaya a kowane makonni 2 a ƙarshen lokacin ƙarshe a ranar Jumma'a da yamma. Lokacin da aka yi tafiya zuwa sabon gini, ya zama watsa shirye-shiryen abincin rana a cikin cafeteria. == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.emsb.qc.ca/LaurierMac/ Makarantar Sakandare ta Laurier Macdonald] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015053844/http://www.emsb.qc.ca/lauriermac/ |date=2018-10-15 }} * [http://www.emsb.qc.ca/ Hukumar Makarantar Turanci ta Montreal] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040205050210/http://www.lauriermacdonald.org/ Gidauniyar Laurier Macdonald Alumni] * [http://www.progresstleonard.com/article-12303-Une-station-de-radio-a-LaurierMacdonald.html ''Tashar rediyo a Laurier-Macdonald'' daga Le Progrès Saint-Léonard (Faransanci kawai)]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mt6f2fcqdut41b1rqt50dz74l0xnfld 0 127113 888249 759178 2026-07-27T19:20:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Canada_Green_Building_Council.svg|right|200x200px]] An kafa '''Majalisar Gine-gine ta Kanada''' (CaGBC) a shekara ta 2003 don ƙara faɗaɗa gine-ginen kore a [[Kanada]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada Green Building Council |url=https://www.cagbc.org/about-us/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173629/https://www.cagbc.org/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kafin kafa Majalisar, Kanada ta shiga cikin Majalisar Gine-gine ta Amurka (USGBC) ta hanyar zama memba [[British Columbia|na British Columbia]] a cikin Sashen Cascadia na USGBC. Kevin Hydes na Integral Group, Joe Van Belleghem, Jon Hobbs, wanda ya taɓa zama memba na Royal Architectural Institute of Canada da Peter Busby na Perkins+Will Canada ne suka kafa CaGBC. Memba ne na Majalisar Gine-gine ta Duniya . Manufar CaGBC ita ce jagorantar da hanzarta sauye-sauye zuwa gine-gine masu inganci, masu kyau, gidaje da al'ummomi a duk faɗin Kanada. CaGBC tana haɓaka Tsarin Gina Carbon na Zero, kuma ta hanyar GBCI Kanada, tana haɓaka [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|tsarin ƙimar LEED]], Aikin Amincewa da Masu Zuba Jari da kuma takardar shaidar Ingantaccen Makamashi na Masu Zuba Jari, takardar shaidar TRUE sifili, SITES, da kuma Tsarin Gina WELL. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada Green Building Council |url=https://www.cagbc.org/about-us/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173629/https://www.cagbc.org/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>The Cascadia Region Green Building Council is one of the original chapters of the [[U.S. Green Building Council]] and covers [[Oregon]], [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], [[British Columbia]], and [[Alaska]]. {{Cite web |title=About Cascadia Region Green Building Council |url=https://www.usgbc.org/organizations/cascadia-green-building-council |access-date=2022-09-18}}</ref> Kyautar CaGBC tana girmama mutane da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa mai kyau ga masana'antar ginin kore ta Kanada. Waɗannan kyaututtukan sun haɗa da Kyautar Jagoranci ta CaGBC, Kyautar Aikin Ɗaliban Tunawa da Andy Kesteloo, da Kyautar Kyau ta Ginin Green. Waɗannan kyaututtukan suna bikin sabbin dabarun gini masu ɗorewa da ake yi a Kanada. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada Green Building Council |url=https://www.cagbc.org/about-us/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173629/https://www.cagbc.org/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == LEED Kanada-NC v1.0 == Sigar LEED ta Kanada ta yi kama da sigar USGBC NC sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada Green Building Council |url=https://www.cagbc.org/about-us/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173629/https://www.cagbc.org/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya ƙunshi waɗannan rukunan: * Wuraren da za su dawwama (SS) * Ingantaccen ruwa (WE) * Makamashi da yanayi (EA) * Kayayyaki & Albarkatu (MR) * [[Ingancin muhalli]] na cikin gida (EQ) * Kirkire-kirkire a fannin zane (ID) * Muhimman abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a yankuna (RP) Takaddun Shaidar LEED a Kanada ana yin sa ne kawai ta hanyar CaGBC. An rufe rajista a ƙarƙashin tsarin ƙimar LEED® Kanada; ayyukan da ake buƙatar gabatarwa don samun takardar shaida kafin Oktoba 31, 2022. Dole ne sabbin ayyuka su yi rijista a ƙarƙashin LEED v4. == Duba kuma == * Albarkatun Halitta na Kanada * Girbin ruwan sama a Kanada * Dokar Muhalli ta Yammacin Tekun * Asusun Magance Rikicin Muhalli * Shirin R-2000 * Tsarin gine-gine mai dorewa * Majalisar Gine-gine ta Burtaniya * Majalisar Gine-gine ta Kore ta Amurka * Majalisar Gine-gine ta Duniya * Kyaututtukan Gina Kore na Kanada * Ginin Kore a Kanada == Manazarta == 7z5nox41qdd4b5qhw9qk3al63sqg1om 0 130158 888156 838088 2026-07-27T16:14:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 888156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jonah Placid''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1995) ɗan wasan rugby ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda a halin yanzu yake buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga Rebels a Super Rugby.<ref name="Jayden Hayward helps Western Force continue on winning way in Super Rugby victory over Queensland Reds">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2014 |title=Jayden Hayward helps Western Force continue on winning way in Super Rugby victory over Queensland Reds |url=http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-union/union-match-report/jayden-hayward-helps-western-force-continue-on-winning-way-in-super-rugby-victory-over-queensland-reds-20140405-3666p.html |access-date=6 April 2014 |website=Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Fairfax}}</ref><ref name="Jonah Placid itsrugby.co.uk Player Statistics">{{Cite web |title=Jonah Placid Player Statistics |url=http://www.itsrugby.co.uk/player_28832.html |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=itsrugby }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin gida, yana bugawa Easts wasa a gasar Queensland Premier Rugby.<ref name="Australia U20 Media Guide 2013">{{Cite web |title=Australia Under 20 Media Guide |url=http://myrugby.rugby.com.au/myrugby/images/flip/AustralianU20MediaGuide2013/mg.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126063431/http://myrugby.rugby.com.au/myrugby/images/flip/AustralianU20MediaGuide2013/mg.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2014 |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=Rugby Australia}}</ref> == Sana'a == An haife shi a New South Wales, amma ya girma a Rockhampton, Queensland, Placid ya fara shahara yana bugawa Easts Tigers wasa kuma ya taimaka musu lashe gasar Queensland Premier Rugby Championship ta 2013. Wannan ya sa aka sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar Queensland Reds don kakar wasan Super Rugby ta 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2014 |title=Queensland Reds team to play Brumbies |url=http://www.rupa.com.au/news/archive/queensland-reds-team-to-play-brumbies |access-date=6 April 2014 |website=rupa.com.au |publisher=Rugby Union Players' Association}}</ref> Duk da cewa wannan kwangilar haɓakawa ce kuma da alama ba za a ba shi lokacin wasa ba a lokacin kamfen ɗin, matsalar rauni ta sa ya fara buga Super Rugby a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Western Force a zagaye na biyu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2014. Ya fara buga wasa ne ba tare da daɗi ba yayin da ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 32-29 kuma shi da kansa an maye gurbinsa da raunin ƙirji bayan wani mummunan karo da ya yi da mai tsaron baya na Force Jayden Hayward.<ref name="Reds vs Force 5 April 2014 Match Breakdown">{{Cite web |title=Reds vs Force 5 April 2014 Match Breakdown |url=http://sarugby.net/matchbreakdown.aspx?id=114124&category=sarugby/superrugby&leagueid=1574&homeid=16254&awayid=16274&fullview=true |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=SA Rugby |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810014746/http://sarugby.net/matchbreakdown.aspx?id=114124&category=sarugby/superrugby&leagueid=1574&homeid=16254&awayid=16274&fullview=true |url-status=dead }}</ref> A halin yanzu yana wasa a Wests Scarborough a gasar Premier ta RugbyWA. == Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa == Placid ya taka rawar gani a gasar 'yan makaranta ta Australia a kakar wasa ta 2012 mai nasara. Wannan ya hada da taka rawa a nasarar da kungiyarsa ta samu a gida da New Zealand, karo na biyu da suka taba cin nasara a daya bangaren Tasman . A matsayin lada, an zabe shi a kungiyar ' yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Australia wadda ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta matasa ta IRB a Faransa a shekarar 2013. [1] [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] d7uro84v5y568w9k5kf6lvmze2dw3a4 888157 888156 2026-07-27T16:14:14Z Pharouqenr 25549 888157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jonah Placid''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1995) ya kasance ɗan wasan rugby ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda a halin yanzu yake buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga Rebels a Super Rugby.<ref name="Jayden Hayward helps Western Force continue on winning way in Super Rugby victory over Queensland Reds">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2014 |title=Jayden Hayward helps Western Force continue on winning way in Super Rugby victory over Queensland Reds |url=http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-union/union-match-report/jayden-hayward-helps-western-force-continue-on-winning-way-in-super-rugby-victory-over-queensland-reds-20140405-3666p.html |access-date=6 April 2014 |website=Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Fairfax}}</ref><ref name="Jonah Placid itsrugby.co.uk Player Statistics">{{Cite web |title=Jonah Placid Player Statistics |url=http://www.itsrugby.co.uk/player_28832.html |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=itsrugby }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin gida, yana bugawa Easts wasa a gasar Queensland Premier Rugby.<ref name="Australia U20 Media Guide 2013">{{Cite web |title=Australia Under 20 Media Guide |url=http://myrugby.rugby.com.au/myrugby/images/flip/AustralianU20MediaGuide2013/mg.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126063431/http://myrugby.rugby.com.au/myrugby/images/flip/AustralianU20MediaGuide2013/mg.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2014 |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=Rugby Australia}}</ref> == Sana'a == An haife shi a New South Wales, amma ya girma a Rockhampton, Queensland, Placid ya fara shahara yana bugawa Easts Tigers wasa kuma ya taimaka musu lashe gasar Queensland Premier Rugby Championship ta 2013. Wannan ya sa aka sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar Queensland Reds don kakar wasan Super Rugby ta 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2014 |title=Queensland Reds team to play Brumbies |url=http://www.rupa.com.au/news/archive/queensland-reds-team-to-play-brumbies |access-date=6 April 2014 |website=rupa.com.au |publisher=Rugby Union Players' Association}}</ref> Duk da cewa wannan kwangilar haɓakawa ce kuma da alama ba za a ba shi lokacin wasa ba a lokacin kamfen ɗin, matsalar rauni ta sa ya fara buga Super Rugby a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Western Force a zagaye na biyu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2014. Ya fara buga wasa ne ba tare da daɗi ba yayin da ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 32-29 kuma shi da kansa an maye gurbinsa da raunin ƙirji bayan wani mummunan karo da ya yi da mai tsaron baya na Force Jayden Hayward.<ref name="Reds vs Force 5 April 2014 Match Breakdown">{{Cite web |title=Reds vs Force 5 April 2014 Match Breakdown |url=http://sarugby.net/matchbreakdown.aspx?id=114124&category=sarugby/superrugby&leagueid=1574&homeid=16254&awayid=16274&fullview=true |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=SA Rugby |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810014746/http://sarugby.net/matchbreakdown.aspx?id=114124&category=sarugby/superrugby&leagueid=1574&homeid=16254&awayid=16274&fullview=true |url-status=dead }}</ref> A halin yanzu yana wasa a Wests Scarborough a gasar Premier ta RugbyWA. == Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa == Placid ya taka rawar gani a gasar 'yan makaranta ta Australia a kakar wasa ta 2012 mai nasara. Wannan ya hada da taka rawa a nasarar da kungiyarsa ta samu a gida da New Zealand, karo na biyu da suka taba cin nasara a daya bangaren Tasman . A matsayin lada, an zabe shi a kungiyar ' yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Australia wadda ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta matasa ta IRB a Faransa a shekarar 2013. [1] [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] hygx7inwwl5gd5qvmtde6emkj54oq6w 888159 888157 2026-07-27T16:14:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 888159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jonah Placid''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1995) ya kasance ɗan wasan rugby ne na ƙasar [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Australiya]] wanda a halin yanzu yake buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga Rebels a Super Rugby.<ref name="Jayden Hayward helps Western Force continue on winning way in Super Rugby victory over Queensland Reds">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2014 |title=Jayden Hayward helps Western Force continue on winning way in Super Rugby victory over Queensland Reds |url=http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-union/union-match-report/jayden-hayward-helps-western-force-continue-on-winning-way-in-super-rugby-victory-over-queensland-reds-20140405-3666p.html |access-date=6 April 2014 |website=Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Fairfax}}</ref><ref name="Jonah Placid itsrugby.co.uk Player Statistics">{{Cite web |title=Jonah Placid Player Statistics |url=http://www.itsrugby.co.uk/player_28832.html |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=itsrugby }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin gida, yana bugawa Easts wasa a gasar Queensland Premier Rugby.<ref name="Australia U20 Media Guide 2013">{{Cite web |title=Australia Under 20 Media Guide |url=http://myrugby.rugby.com.au/myrugby/images/flip/AustralianU20MediaGuide2013/mg.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126063431/http://myrugby.rugby.com.au/myrugby/images/flip/AustralianU20MediaGuide2013/mg.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2014 |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=Rugby Australia}}</ref> == Sana'a == An haife shi a New South Wales, amma ya girma a Rockhampton, Queensland, Placid ya fara shahara yana bugawa Easts Tigers wasa kuma ya taimaka musu lashe gasar Queensland Premier Rugby Championship ta 2013. Wannan ya sa aka sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar Queensland Reds don kakar wasan Super Rugby ta 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2014 |title=Queensland Reds team to play Brumbies |url=http://www.rupa.com.au/news/archive/queensland-reds-team-to-play-brumbies |access-date=6 April 2014 |website=rupa.com.au |publisher=Rugby Union Players' Association}}</ref> Duk da cewa wannan kwangilar haɓakawa ce kuma da alama ba za a ba shi lokacin wasa ba a lokacin kamfen ɗin, matsalar rauni ta sa ya fara buga Super Rugby a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Western Force a zagaye na biyu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2014. Ya fara buga wasa ne ba tare da daɗi ba yayin da ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 32-29 kuma shi da kansa an maye gurbinsa da raunin ƙirji bayan wani mummunan karo da ya yi da mai tsaron baya na Force Jayden Hayward.<ref name="Reds vs Force 5 April 2014 Match Breakdown">{{Cite web |title=Reds vs Force 5 April 2014 Match Breakdown |url=http://sarugby.net/matchbreakdown.aspx?id=114124&category=sarugby/superrugby&leagueid=1574&homeid=16254&awayid=16274&fullview=true |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=SA Rugby |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810014746/http://sarugby.net/matchbreakdown.aspx?id=114124&category=sarugby/superrugby&leagueid=1574&homeid=16254&awayid=16274&fullview=true |url-status=dead }}</ref> A halin yanzu yana wasa a Wests Scarborough a gasar Premier ta RugbyWA. == Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa == Placid ya taka rawar gani a gasar 'yan makaranta ta Australia a kakar wasa ta 2012 mai nasara. Wannan ya hada da taka rawa a nasarar da kungiyarsa ta samu a gida da New Zealand, karo na biyu da suka taba cin nasara a daya bangaren Tasman . A matsayin lada, an zabe shi a kungiyar ' yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Australia wadda ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta matasa ta IRB a Faransa a shekarar 2013. [1] [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] medml354kg5gggkd3vznenve8xpvdpl 888160 888159 2026-07-27T16:15:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 888160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jonah Placid''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1995) ya kasance ɗan wasan rugby ne na ƙasar [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Australiya]] wanda a halin yanzu yake buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya ga Rebels a Super Rugby.<ref name="Jayden Hayward helps Western Force continue on winning way in Super Rugby victory over Queensland Reds">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2014 |title=Jayden Hayward helps Western Force continue on winning way in Super Rugby victory over Queensland Reds |url=http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-union/union-match-report/jayden-hayward-helps-western-force-continue-on-winning-way-in-super-rugby-victory-over-queensland-reds-20140405-3666p.html |access-date=6 April 2014 |website=Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Fairfax}}</ref><ref name="Jonah Placid itsrugby.co.uk Player Statistics">{{Cite web |title=Jonah Placid Player Statistics |url=http://www.itsrugby.co.uk/player_28832.html |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=itsrugby }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin gida, yana bugawa Easts wasa a gasar Queensland Premier Rugby.<ref name="Australia U20 Media Guide 2013">{{Cite web |title=Australia Under 20 Media Guide |url=http://myrugby.rugby.com.au/myrugby/images/flip/AustralianU20MediaGuide2013/mg.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126063431/http://myrugby.rugby.com.au/myrugby/images/flip/AustralianU20MediaGuide2013/mg.pdf |archive-date=26 January 2014 |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=Rugby Australia}}</ref> == Sana'a == An haife shi a New South Wales, amma ya girma a Rockhampton, Queensland, Placid ya fara shahara yana bugawa Easts Tigers wasa kuma ya taimaka musu lashe gasar Queensland Premier Rugby Championship ta 2013. Wannan ya sa aka sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar Queensland Reds don kakar wasan Super Rugby ta 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2014 |title=Queensland Reds team to play Brumbies |url=http://www.rupa.com.au/news/archive/queensland-reds-team-to-play-brumbies |access-date=6 April 2014 |website=rupa.com.au |publisher=Rugby Union Players' Association}}</ref> Duk da cewa wannan kwangilar haɓakawa ce kuma da alama ba za a ba shi lokacin wasa ba a lokacin kamfen ɗin, matsalar rauni ta sa ya fara buga Super Rugby a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Western Force a zagaye na biyu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2014. Ya fara buga wasa ne ba tare da daɗi ba yayin da ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 32-29 kuma shi da kansa an maye gurbinsa da raunin ƙirji bayan wani mummunan karo da ya yi da mai tsaron baya na Force Jayden Hayward.<ref name="Reds vs Force 5 April 2014 Match Breakdown">{{Cite web |title=Reds vs Force 5 April 2014 Match Breakdown |url=http://sarugby.net/matchbreakdown.aspx?id=114124&category=sarugby/superrugby&leagueid=1574&homeid=16254&awayid=16274&fullview=true |access-date=6 April 2014 |publisher=SA Rugby |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810014746/http://sarugby.net/matchbreakdown.aspx?id=114124&category=sarugby/superrugby&leagueid=1574&homeid=16254&awayid=16274&fullview=true |url-status=dead }}</ref> A halin yanzu yana wasa a Wests Scarborough a gasar Premier ta RugbyWA. == Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa == Placid ya taka rawar gani a gasar 'yan makaranta ta Australia a kakar wasa ta 2012 mai nasara. Wannan ya hada da taka rawa a nasarar da kungiyarsa ta samu a gida da New Zealand, karo na biyu da suka taba cin nasara a daya bangaren Tasman . A matsayin lada, an zabe shi a kungiyar ' yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Australia wadda ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta matasa ta IRB a Faransa a shekarar 2013. [1] [2] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] pa6dbd56czpyxda1y71y2ejv4cw256b 0 130555 888409 767854 2026-07-28T10:24:25Z BnHamid 12586 888409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Timothy John Murphy''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1959) tsohon [[ɗan siyasa]] Kanada ne kuma shi ne shugaban ma'aikata [[Ofishin Firayim Minista (Kanada)|Ofishin Firayim Minista]] a karkashin gwamnatin [[Paul Martin]] . Ya kasance Shugaba na McMillan LLP tsakanin 2022 da 2024, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-19 |title=Tim Murphy Becomes CEO of McMillan as New Leadership Team, Strategic Plan Introduced |url=https://mcmillan.ca/news/tim-murphy-becomes-ceo-of-mcmillan-as-new-leadership-team-strategic-plan-introduced/ |access-date=2022-02-23 |website=McMillan LLP |language=en-CA}}</ref> kuma shine shugaban yanzu na Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Battagello |first=Dave |date=7 Dec 2021 |title=New chairman named for Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority |url=https://windsorstar.com/news/local-news/new-chairman-named-for-windsor-detroit-bridge-authority |website=Windsor Star}}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Tim Murphy a Barrie, Ontario . Ya sami digiri na farko na Arts daga Jami'ar Sarauniya a 1982 da kuma digiri na shari'a daga Jami'an Toronto . Ya yi aiki tare da Blake, Cassels & Graydon kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Babban Lauyan Ian Scott da kuma babban mai ba da shawarar ga Ministan Ilimi na Ontario Sean Conway . A cikin 1989-90, ya gudanar da Kamfen na Ontario a lokacin da Paul Martin ya fara neman shugabancin Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Kanada. [1] A shekara ta 2022 ya zama Shugaba na McMillan LLP.[2] Yana zaune a Toronto tare da matarsa da 'yarsa. == Siyasa == Lokacin da Ian Scott ya yi murabus daga kujerarsa ta majalisa a ƙarshen shekara ta 1992, an kira zaben da aka yi a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1993 don maye gurbinsa. Murphy ya gudu don ya gaji Scott a matsayin memba na Liberal na St. George - St. David, kuma ya ci nasara a duka nasarar lashe zaben da kuma kayar da Progressive Conservative Nancy Jackman da kuri'u 2,232 a zaben. St. George - St. David, wanda yanzu yana cikin Cibiyar Toronto, ya haɗa da Ikilisiya da unguwar Wellesley, ƙauyen gay mafi girma a Ontario. Kodayake Murphy da kansa ba ɗan luwaɗi ba ne, nan da nan ya fito a matsayin babban mai magana da yawun a majalisar dokokin Ontario don ci gaba da dokoki game da haƙƙin ma'aurata masu jinsi ɗaya, gabatar da lissafin memba mai zaman kansa a 1993 wanda zai iya fadada fa'idodin aure. Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan MPP guda uku kawai, tare da Jean Poirier da Dianne Poole, don tallafawa Bill 167, tsarin amfanin jima'i na gwamnatin Bob Rae a cikin 1994, kuma ya soki shawarar shugaban Liberal Lyn McLeod na adawa da lissafin. <ref name="rayside" />{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2024}} An kayar da Murphy a Zaben lardin 1995, inda ya rasa kujerarsa ga Progressive Conservative Al Leach da kuri'u 337 yayin da dan takarar New Democratic Brent Hawkes ya kasance na uku.<ref name="1995 results">{{Cite web |date=June 8, 1995 |title=Summary of Valid Ballots by Candidate |url=http://results.elections.on.ca/results/1995_results/valid_votes.jsp?e_code=36&rec=0&district=st.+george&flag=E&layout=G |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102050231/http://results.elections.on.ca/results/1995_results/valid_votes.jsp?e_code=36&rec=0&district=st.+george&flag=E&layout=G |archive-date=January 2, 2013 |access-date=2014-03-02 |publisher=Elections Ontario}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta baya == Ya koma yin aiki tare da McCarthy Tetrault, kuma ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Liberal Party ta Ontario . Ya goyi bayan yunkurin Dwight Duncan na shugabancin jam'iyyar Ontario a shekarar 1996. A ranar 28 ga Yuni, 2001, Ministan Kudi na Kanada Paul Martin ya hayar da Murphy a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara kan siyasa. Lokacin da Martin ya zama Firayim Minista a ƙarshen shekara ta 2003, ya nada Murphy a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatansa.[1] An dauki Murphy a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mutane a Ofishin Firayim Minista na Kanada, yana taimakawa wajen tsara al'amuran manufofi da daidaita tarurruka tare da ministoci da sassan da shugabannin kasashen waje. Bayan da aka kayar da gwamnatin Martin a Zaben tarayya na 2006, Murphy ya koma Toronto inda ya shiga kamfanin lauya na McMillan Binch Mendelsohn . Murphy ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na siyasa a kan ɗaukar hoto na Duniya game da taron shugabancin Liberal na 2006. Ya kasance co-shugaban yakin neman zabe na Wynne a zaben lardin Ontario . A shekara ta 2016 ya kasance daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar McMillan Vantage Policy Group, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin jama'a na kasa - wanda kawai yake cikin irin sa wanda ke ba da sabis ga abokan ciniki na Kanada da na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Battagello |first=Dave |date=7 Dec 2021 |title=New chairman named for Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority |url=https://windsorstar.com/news/local-news/new-chairman-named-for-windsor-detroit-bridge-authority |website=Windsor Star}}</ref> Shi farfesa ne a Jami'ar Toronto Faculty of Law yana koyar da Shari'a da Manufofin Hadin gwiwar Jama'a a matakan JD da LLM. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Battagello |first=Dave |date=7 Dec 2021 |title=New chairman named for Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority |url=https://windsorstar.com/news/local-news/new-chairman-named-for-windsor-detroit-bridge-authority |website=Windsor Star}}</ref> Shi mai sharhi ne akai-akai a kan CBC News Network's Power & Politics, kuma ya kuma rubuta labarai don Manufofin Zaɓuɓɓuka, The Walrus, Canadian Public Administration Journal da The Globe and Mail, Ottawa Citizen da Toronto Star. Tsakanin 2021 da 2023, ya kasance shugaban Windsor-Detroit Bridge Authority . [1][2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tf458v20xh2gzvcs3iems63pd8dle04 0 133221 888415 773756 2026-07-28T10:28:45Z BnHamid 12586 888415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Matin Chowdhury''' (Bengali: _language" id="mwEg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bengali language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Bengali: আব্দুল মতিন চৌধুরী; 1915 - 19 Fabrairu 1990), wanda aka fi sani da '''Shaikh-e-Fulbari''' (Bengalii: শায়খে ফুলবাড়ী, lit. <nowiki>''</nowiki>), masanin addini ne na Bengali kuma mai fafutukar siyasa. Almajirin Hussain Ahmad Madani, daga baya ya sami mabiya kansa kuma ya shiga siyasa a lokacin raba Indiya da 'yancin Bangladesh.&nbsp; == Rayuwa ta farko da asali == An haifi Abdul Matin Chowdhury a shekara ta 1915 ga dangin Zamindar a ƙauyen Fulbari, Golapganj, a cikin abin da ke yanzu Gundumar Sylhet, [[Bangladesh]] . Shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'ya'ya shida na iyayensa, Rizwan Uddin da Khair-un-nessa Chowdhury . Ta hanyar mahaifinsa, ya yi iƙirarin zuriyar [[Abdullah ɗan Ja'far|Abdullah ibn Ja'far]], ɗan'uwan Khalifa [[Khulafa'hur-Rashidun|Rashidun]] na huɗu, [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]] . Halin Chowdhury shine: Abdul Matin Chowdhuria, ɗan Rizwan Uddin Chowddury, ɗan Haydar Ali, ɗan Muhammad Abdul Latif, ɗan Muhammad Nazim, ɗan Muhammad Jama, ɗan Tahir Muhammad, ɗan Muhammad Danish, ɗan Ahmad Khan, ɗan Karim Khan, ɗan Mumin Khan, ɗan Dua Khan, ɗan Qalandar Hazara, ɗan Bolly Hazara, ɗa na Mir Hazara. An ce [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] sun ba da Jagirs a Fulbari bayan sun yi ƙaura daga [[Afghanistan]] kuma sun auri 'yar ''Amil'' (mai gudanarwa) na Gaur. Bayan ya zama maraya yana da shekaru takwas, Chowdhury da farko ya zauna tare da 'yar'uwarsa, kafin ya zo ƙarƙashin kulawar kawunsa a ƙauyen Ronokali . A shekara ta 1928, an gabatar da shi ga Hussain Ahmad Madani, wanda ya saba da mahaifinsa marigayi. Bayan ya burge Madani da ibadarsa ta addini da sha'awarsa, Chowdhury ya koma tare da shi zuwa [[Uttar Pradesh]], inda ya shiga Darul Uloom Deoband, sanannen jami'ar Islama. A wannan lokacin, ya haɓaka kyakkyawar dangantaka da Madani, wanda ya zauna a gidansa yayin karatunsa, daga baya ya zama almajirinsa na addini. Chowdhury ya kammala karatu daga jami'a bayan shekaru tara, bayan ya tabbatar da ƙwarewa a Hadiths, [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] da wallafe-wallafen Larabci da sauransu. == Ayyukan siyasa da na addini == A karkashin umarnin Madani, ya shiga kuma ya zama jagora a cikin ƙungiyar 'yancin kai ta Indiya. Bayan Rarraba Indiya a 1947, Chowdhury ya goyi bayan ci gaban sabuwar [[Pakistan]], yana aiki tare da jagorancin kungiyar Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind. Bayan da Bangladesh ta ayyana 'yancin kai a 1971, ya yi ƙoƙari ya hana abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a kan mutane da sojojin Pakistan suka yi. Lokacin da sojoji suka kulle danginsa hamsin a Ronokali, Chowdhury ya yi nasarar yin kira ga sojoji da su kare su. A wani lokaci, ya sami damar shiga tsakani don ceton rayukan Hindu bakwai a irin wannan yanayi. Chowdhury daga baya ya taka rawar gani a cikin ƙungiyar Bangladesh Khilafat, yana aiki a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hafezzi Huzur kuma yana jagorantar yawancin tarurrukanta. In 1966 and 1967, Chowdhury undertook extensive missionary work as part of the Tablighi Jamaat organisation. His travels included [[Turkiyya|Turkey]], the [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]], Yugoslavia, [[Iran]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] and [[Japan]]. He became a notable orator, performing lectures in [[Yaren Bengali|Bengali]], [[Urdu]], [[Larabci|Arabic]] and English. Chowdhury was further recognised both as a philanthropist, due to his support of the poor, and as a writer, receiving praise for his publication, ''Shatter Mapkati'' (''Scale of Truth'').<ref name="al-MahmudHasanP78–81" /> He eventually built up an extensive religious following, with his disciples and pupils including [[Emdadul Haque (religious figure)|Emdadul Haque]], Nur Uddin Gohorpuri and [[Amin Uddin Shaikh-e-Ketia]].<ref name="al-MahmudHasanP78–81" /> == Mutuwa da gado == Chowdhury ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 1990 kuma matarsa da 'ya'ya bakwai sun tsira. An binne shi a makabartar kakanninsa a Fulbari da dubban mabiyansa suka halarci, tare da [[Sallar gawa a musulunci|Addu'ar jana'izar]] da Gohorpuri ya jagoranci. Gidauniyar Allama Abdul Motin Chowdhury Shaikh-e-Fulbari daga baya aka kafa ta don girmama shi ta hanyar wasu tsoffin almajiransa. == Dubi ƙarin bayani == * Jerin Deobandis == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1915]] b0272jiw0zv39kc162c2v0f0ptrbard 0 133724 888191 774754 2026-07-27T16:26:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 888191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Leonardos''' (Girkanci: ; an haife shi a shekara ta 1937) ya kasance marubucin litattafan tarihi ne na Girka. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Leonardos a Alexandria, Misira a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1937. Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara biyu kuma ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa a Alexandria har zuwa shekara ta 1954. Ya kasance mai karanta fiction da tarihi, kuma a matsayin dalibi na makarantar sakandare a Alexandria an buga gajerun labaransa a cikin ''Tachydromos'' da ''Anatolia'', jaridu na yau da kullun na Girka na birnin. A shekara ta 1954 ya koma Girka don nazarin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi karatun aikin jarida kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga jaridu na Athens Apogevmatini, Eleftherotypia, Mesimvrini, Eleftheros Typos, Ethnos kuma a matsayin mai rubutun labarai a cikin takardar kudi Kerdos . Ya kasance wakilin farko na Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Athens a Belgrade a 1964, sannan daga baya a Birnin New York a 1976, inda aka kuma nada shi darektan jaridar Girka ta yankin Ethnicos Kirikas . [1] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labarai a Rediyo da Talabijin na Girka, kuma ya ba da rahoto game da Yaƙin Vietnam da Yakin Gulf na Farisa.[2] Leonardos memba ne na Ƙungiyar Athens ta Editocin Jarida ta yau da kullun da Ƙungiyar Marubutan Girka ta Kasa . Littafinsa na farko, Grandma's Red Sofa, an buga shi a shekarar 1992. An ba shi lambar yabo sau biyu don mafi kyawun littafin tarihi ta Greek Society of Christian Studies don litattafansa Mara, Christian Sultana da Sleeping Beauty of Mystra . An ba shi kyautar Gidauniyar Botsis saboda ayyukansa ga aikin jarida da adabi. A cikin 1980 ya buga ''Turanci-Girkanci Dictionary of Scientific and Military Terms'', kuma a cikin 2000 ya buga The Structure of the Novel . Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan shi ne ''Sophia Paleologue Palaelogina - Daga Byzantium zuwa Rasha&nbsp;'' . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sd0fbsjjkne57nh37tpa703irno4mqz 888192 888191 2026-07-27T16:26:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 888192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Leonardos''' (Girkanci:; an haife shi a shekara ta 1937) ya kasance marubucin litattafan tarihi ne na Girka. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Leonardos a Alexandria, Misira a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1937. Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara biyu kuma ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa a Alexandria har zuwa shekara ta 1954. Ya kasance mai karanta fiction da tarihi, kuma a matsayin dalibi na makarantar sakandare a Alexandria an buga gajerun labaransa a cikin ''Tachydromos'' da ''Anatolia'', jaridu na yau da kullun na Girka na birnin. A shekara ta 1954 ya koma Girka don nazarin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi karatun aikin jarida kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga jaridu na Athens Apogevmatini, Eleftherotypia, Mesimvrini, Eleftheros Typos, Ethnos kuma a matsayin mai rubutun labarai a cikin takardar kudi Kerdos . Ya kasance wakilin farko na Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Athens a Belgrade a 1964, sannan daga baya a Birnin New York a 1976, inda aka kuma nada shi darektan jaridar Girka ta yankin Ethnicos Kirikas . [1] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labarai a Rediyo da Talabijin na Girka, kuma ya ba da rahoto game da Yaƙin Vietnam da Yakin Gulf na Farisa.[2] Leonardos memba ne na Ƙungiyar Athens ta Editocin Jarida ta yau da kullun da Ƙungiyar Marubutan Girka ta Kasa . Littafinsa na farko, Grandma's Red Sofa, an buga shi a shekarar 1992. An ba shi lambar yabo sau biyu don mafi kyawun littafin tarihi ta Greek Society of Christian Studies don litattafansa Mara, Christian Sultana da Sleeping Beauty of Mystra . An ba shi kyautar Gidauniyar Botsis saboda ayyukansa ga aikin jarida da adabi. A cikin 1980 ya buga ''Turanci-Girkanci Dictionary of Scientific and Military Terms'', kuma a cikin 2000 ya buga The Structure of the Novel . Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan shi ne ''Sophia Paleologue Palaelogina - Daga Byzantium zuwa Rasha&nbsp;'' . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ir5238n54d6ahyov0pjkjsgd0nd3zj7 888193 888192 2026-07-27T16:26:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 888193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Leonardos''' (Girkanci:; an haife shi a shekara ta 1937) ya kasance marubucin litattafan tarihi ne na Girka. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Leonardos a Alexandria, Misira a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1937. Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara biyu kuma ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa a Alexandria har zuwa shekara ta 1954. Ya kasance mai karanta fiction da tarihi, kuma a matsayin dalibi na makarantar sakandare a Alexandria an buga gajerun labaransa a cikin ''Tachydromos'' da ''Anatolia'', jaridu na yau da kullun na Girka na birnin. A shekara ta 1954 ya koma Girka don nazarin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi karatun aikin jarida kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga jaridu na Athens Apogevmatini, Eleftherotypia, Mesimvrini, Eleftheros Typos, Ethnos kuma a matsayin mai rubutun labarai a cikin takardar kudi Kerdos . Ya kasance wakilin farko na Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Athens a Belgrade a 1964, sannan daga baya a Birnin New York a 1976, inda aka kuma nada shi darektan jaridar Girka ta yankin Ethnicos Kirikas . [1] Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labarai a Rediyo da Talabijin na Girka, kuma ya ba da rahoto game da Yaƙin Vietnam da Yakin Gulf na Farisa. Leonardos memba ne na Ƙungiyar Athens ta Editocin Jarida ta yau da kullun da Ƙungiyar Marubutan Girka ta Kasa . Littafinsa na farko, Grandma's Red Sofa, an buga shi a shekarar 1992. An ba shi lambar yabo sau biyu don mafi kyawun littafin tarihi ta Greek Society of Christian Studies don litattafansa Mara, Christian Sultana da Sleeping Beauty of Mystra . An ba shi kyautar Gidauniyar Botsis saboda ayyukansa ga aikin jarida da adabi. A cikin 1980 ya buga ''Turanci-Girkanci Dictionary of Scientific and Military Terms'', kuma a cikin 2000 ya buga The Structure of the Novel . Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan shi ne ''Sophia Paleologue Palaelogina - Daga Byzantium zuwa Rasha&nbsp;'' . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k6ep611o0dieau8kort9do2tdl40y0u 888194 888193 2026-07-27T16:27:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 888194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Leonardos''' (Girkanci:; an haife shi a shekara ta 1937) ya kasance marubucin litattafan tarihi ne na Girka. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Leonardos a Alexandria, Misira a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1937. Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara biyu kuma ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa a Alexandria har zuwa shekara ta 1954. Ya kasance mai karanta fiction da tarihi, kuma a matsayin dalibi na makarantar sakandare a Alexandria an buga gajerun labaransa a cikin ''Tachydromos'' da ''Anatolia'', jaridu na yau da kullun na Girka na birnin. A shekara ta 1954 ya koma Girka don nazarin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi karatun aikin jarida kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga jaridu na Athens Apogevmatini, Eleftherotypia, Mesimvrini, Eleftheros Typos, Ethnos kuma a matsayin mai rubutun labarai a cikin takardar kudi Kerdos . Ya kasance wakilin farko na Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Athens a Belgrade a 1964, sannan daga baya a Birnin New York a 1976, inda aka kuma nada shi darektan jaridar Girka ta yankin Ethnicos Kirikas. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labarai a Rediyo da Talabijin na Girka, kuma ya ba da rahoto game da Yaƙin Vietnam da Yakin Gulf na Farisa. Leonardos memba ne na Ƙungiyar Athens ta Editocin Jarida ta yau da kullun da Ƙungiyar Marubutan Girka ta Kasa . Littafinsa na farko, Grandma's Red Sofa, an buga shi a shekarar 1992. An ba shi lambar yabo sau biyu don mafi kyawun littafin tarihi ta Greek Society of Christian Studies don litattafansa Mara, Christian Sultana da Sleeping Beauty of Mystra . An ba shi kyautar Gidauniyar Botsis saboda ayyukansa ga aikin jarida da adabi. A cikin 1980 ya buga ''Turanci-Girkanci Dictionary of Scientific and Military Terms'', kuma a cikin 2000 ya buga The Structure of the Novel . Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan shi ne ''Sophia Paleologue Palaelogina - Daga Byzantium zuwa Rasha&nbsp;'' . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jvpdso5f0ti5krrsf2qa1vcoq19zmff 888198 888194 2026-07-27T16:33:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 888198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Leonardos''' (Girkanci:; an haife shi a shekara ta 1937) ya kasance marubucin litattafan tarihi ne na Girka.<ref>Leonardos, George". Perizitito.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2008-10-12.</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Leonardos a Alexandria, Misira a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1937. Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara biyu kuma ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa a Alexandria har zuwa shekara ta 1954. Ya kasance mai karanta fiction da tarihi, kuma a matsayin dalibi na makarantar sakandare a Alexandria an buga gajerun labaransa a cikin ''Tachydromos'' da ''Anatolia'', jaridu na yau da kullun na Girka na birnin. A shekara ta 1954 ya koma Girka don nazarin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi karatun aikin jarida kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga jaridu na Athens Apogevmatini, Eleftherotypia, Mesimvrini, Eleftheros Typos, Ethnos kuma a matsayin mai rubutun labarai a cikin takardar kudi Kerdos . Ya kasance wakilin farko na Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Athens a Belgrade a 1964, sannan daga baya a Birnin New York a 1976, inda aka kuma nada shi darektan jaridar Girka ta yankin Ethnicos Kirikas. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labarai a Rediyo da Talabijin na Girka, kuma ya ba da rahoto game da Yaƙin Vietnam da Yakin Gulf na Farisa. Leonardos memba ne na Ƙungiyar Athens ta Editocin Jarida ta yau da kullun da Ƙungiyar Marubutan Girka ta Kasa . Littafinsa na farko, Grandma's Red Sofa, an buga shi a shekarar 1992. An ba shi lambar yabo sau biyu don mafi kyawun littafin tarihi ta Greek Society of Christian Studies don litattafansa Mara, Christian Sultana da Sleeping Beauty of Mystra . An ba shi kyautar Gidauniyar Botsis saboda ayyukansa ga aikin jarida da adabi. A cikin 1980 ya buga ''Turanci-Girkanci Dictionary of Scientific and Military Terms'', kuma a cikin 2000 ya buga The Structure of the Novel . Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan shi ne ''Sophia Paleologue Palaelogina - Daga Byzantium zuwa Rasha&nbsp;'' . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8uc5jver9fi6n3dgzfnhh5cf0inl0mg 888202 888198 2026-07-27T16:34:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 888202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Leonardos''' (Girkanci:; an haife shi a shekara ta 1937) ya kasance marubucin litattafan tarihi ne na Girka.<ref>Leonardos, George". Perizitito.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2008-10-12.</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Leonardos a Alexandria, [[Misra|Misira]] a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1937. Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara biyu kuma ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa a Alexandria har zuwa shekara ta 1954. Ya kasance mai karanta fiction da tarihi, kuma a matsayin dalibi na makarantar sakandare a Alexandria an buga gajerun labaransa a cikin ''Tachydromos'' da ''Anatolia'', jaridu na yau da kullun na Girka na birnin. A shekara ta 1954 ya koma Girka don nazarin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi karatun aikin jarida kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga jaridu na Athens Apogevmatini, Eleftherotypia, Mesimvrini, Eleftheros Typos, Ethnos kuma a matsayin mai rubutun labarai a cikin takardar kudi Kerdos . Ya kasance wakilin farko na Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Athens a Belgrade a 1964, sannan daga baya a Birnin New York a 1976, inda aka kuma nada shi darektan jaridar Girka ta yankin Ethnicos Kirikas. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labarai a Rediyo da Talabijin na Girka, kuma ya ba da rahoto game da Yaƙin Vietnam da Yakin Gulf na Farisa. Leonardos memba ne na Ƙungiyar Athens ta Editocin Jarida ta yau da kullun da Ƙungiyar Marubutan Girka ta Kasa . Littafinsa na farko, Grandma's Red Sofa, an buga shi a shekarar 1992. An ba shi lambar yabo sau biyu don mafi kyawun littafin tarihi ta Greek Society of Christian Studies don litattafansa Mara, Christian Sultana da Sleeping Beauty of Mystra . An ba shi kyautar Gidauniyar Botsis saboda ayyukansa ga aikin jarida da adabi. A cikin 1980 ya buga ''Turanci-Girkanci Dictionary of Scientific and Military Terms'', kuma a cikin 2000 ya buga The Structure of the Novel . Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan shi ne ''Sophia Paleologue Palaelogina - Daga Byzantium zuwa Rasha&nbsp;'' . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mfnd13xmhniz7ax3a0mjtp81ufi2w1i 888204 888202 2026-07-27T16:35:19Z Pharouqenr 25549 888204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Leonardos''' (Girkanci:; an haife shi a shekara ta 1937) ya kasance marubucin litattafan tarihi ne na Girka.<ref>Leonardos, George". Perizitito.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2008-10-12.</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Leonardos a Alexandria, [[Misra|Misira]] a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1937. Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara biyu kuma ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa a Alexandria har zuwa shekara ta 1954. Ya kasance mai karanta fiction da tarihi, kuma a matsayin dalibi na makarantar sakandare a Alexandria an buga gajerun labaransa a cikin ''Tachydromos'' da ''Anatolia'', jaridu na yau da kullun na Girka na birnin. A shekara ta 1954 ya koma Girka don nazarin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi karatun aikin jarida kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga jaridu na Athens Apogevmatini, Eleftherotypia, Mesimvrini, Eleftheros Typos, Ethnos kuma a matsayin mai rubutun labarai a cikin takardar kudi Kerdos . Ya kasance wakilin farko na Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Athens a Belgrade a 1964, sannan daga baya a Birnin New York a 1976, inda aka kuma nada shi darektan jaridar Girka ta yankin Ethnicos Kirikas. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labarai a Rediyo da Talabijin na Girka, kuma ya ba da rahoto game da Yaƙin Vietnam da Yakin Gulf na Farisa. Leonardos memba ne na Ƙungiyar Athens ta Editocin Jarida ta yau da kullun da Ƙungiyar Marubutan Girka ta Kasa . Littafinsa na farko, Grandma's Red Sofa, an buga shi a shekarar 1992. An ba shi lambar yabo sau biyu don mafi kyawun littafin tarihi ta Greek Society of Christian Studies don litattafansa Mara, Christian Sultana da Sleeping Beauty of Mystra . An ba shi kyautar Gidauniyar Botsis saboda ayyukansa ga aikin jarida da adabi. A cikin 1980 ya buga ''Turanci-Girkanci Dictionary of Scientific and Military Terms'', kuma a cikin 2000 ya buga The Structure of the Novel . Littafinsa na baya-bayan nan shi ne ''Sophia Paleologue Palaelogina - Daga Byzantium zuwa Rasha&nbsp;'' . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] off689bgscnks6ff5051zl7aiuvug8c 0 133903 888407 775061 2026-07-28T10:23:06Z BnHamid 12586 888407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kakhi Kakhiashvili (Georgian, Greek; an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Yulin 1969 a Tskhinvali, Georgian SSR, USSR) ɗan wasan mai ɗaukar nauyi ne na Georgia-Girka, ɗaya daga cikin masu ɗaukar nauyi shida da suka lashe lambobin zinare uku a jere a Wasannin Olympics. Ya lashe gasar farko a Barcelona 1992, yana fafatawa da kungiyar Unified Team, sannan daga baya a matsayin ɗan ƙasar Girka a Atlanta 1996 da Sydney 2000.[1] Ya lashe gasar zakarun duniya sau uku (1995, 1998, 1999), ya lashe lambar azurfa sau biyu a gasar zakarurwar duniya (1993 da 1994), kuma ya kafa tarihin duniya bakwai a lokacin aikinsa.[2] An ba shi suna 1996 da 1999 Girkanci Male Athlete of the Year . ==Farkon rayuwa== An haifi Kakhiashvili a Tskhinvali, Jojiya, ga mahaifin [[Georgia]] da mahaifiyar Girka, Maria Lampidirian . Ya shahara a cikin zagaye na ɗaga nauyi saboda ikonsa mai ban mamaki na ɗaga daidai abin da ake buƙata don cin nasara. Wasu masu fafatawa sun kira shi "kwamfuta", kuma yana da ikon toshe duk abin da bai dace da gasar da ke hannun ba. == Ayyuka == A gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992 da ke dauke da kungiyar Unified Team a cikin rukunin 90 kg, ya saba wa umarnin kocinsa Vasily Alexeev, mai nauyin nauyi a kowane lokaci. Kocinsa yana son abokin aikinsa na [[Rasha]] Sergey Syrtsov ya lashe gasar kuma bai bari Kakhiashvili ya yi ƙoƙari ya ɗaga nauyi don doke Rasha ba. A lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a gasar, ya yi kama da Sergey Syrtsov zai ci nasara, tare da jagorancin 12.5 kg a kan Kakhiashvili daga rikodin Olympics na 190.0 kg. A lokacin tsabta & jerk na gasar Kakhiashvili ya ɗaga 225.0 kg a ƙoƙarinsa na biyu, ya ba shi jimlar 402.5 kg, cikakken 10.0 kg ƙasa da Syrstov. Kakhi ya ba da umarnin a sanya karin kilo 10 a kan mashaya don ya doke abokin aikinsa na Rasha. Ya samu nasarar ɗaga 235.0 kg mai tsabta da ja, <ref>{{Cite sports-reference|title=Akakios Kakiasvili|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/akakios-kakiasvili-1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007145314/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/akakios-kakiasvili-1.html|archivedate=7 October 2015|accessdate=4 November 2015}}</ref> wanda ya ba shi jimlar 412.5 kg. Abin da ya faru duk da cewa jimlarsa ta ɗaure Syrstov, Kakhiashvili ya lashe lambar zinare saboda kyawawan nauyin jiki, (89.25 kg vs. 89.45 kg) wannan aikin ya kafa haƙƙinsa ga taken ɗaya daga cikin masu tsalle-tsalle na wasanni. <ref>[http://www.chidlovski.net/liftup/l_athleteResult.asp?a_id=116 Akakide Kakhiashvilis @ Lift Up Hall of Fame]. Lift Up. Retrieved 4 November 2015.</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Babban sakamako == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" width="40" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" width="250" |Wurin da ake ciki ! rowspan="2" width="60" |Nauyin nauyi ! colspan="4" |Rashin jaraba (kg) ! colspan="4" |Tsabtace & Jerk (kg) ! rowspan="2" width="65" |Jimillar ! rowspan="2" width="40" |Matsayi |- ! width="65" |1 ! width="65" |2 ! width="65" |3 ! width="45" |Matsayi ! width="65" |1 ! width="65" |2 ! width="65" |3 ! width="45" |Matsayi |- ! colspan="13" |Wasannin Olympics |- |1992 | align="left" |[[Barcelona]], Spain{{Flagicon|ESP}} | -90 kg |170.0 |175.0 |'''177.5''' |2 |220.0 |225.0 |'''235.0 =WR''' |1 |'''412.5 =OR''' | |- |1996 | align="left" |[[Atlanta]], Amurka{{Flagicon|USA}} | -99 kg |180.0 |'''185.0''' |<s>187.5</s> |3 |220.0 |225.0 |'''235.0 WR''' |1 |'''420.0 WR''' | |- |2000 | align="left" |[[Sydney]], Ostiraliya{{Flagicon|AUS}} | -94 kg |180.0 |'''185.0''' |<s>187.5</s> |2 |'''220.0''' | - | - |3 |'''405.0''' | |- |2004 | align="left" |[[Athens]], Girka{{Flagicon|GRE}} | -94 kg |<s>180.0</s> |'''180.0''' |<s>185.0</s> |4 |<s>220.0</s> |<s>220.0</s> |<s>220.0</s> | - | - | - |- ! colspan="13" |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya |- |1993 | align="left" |[[Melbourne]], Ostiraliya{{Flagicon|AUS}} | -91 kg&nbsp; |175.0 |<s>180.0</s> |'''180.0''' | |200.0 |215.0 |'''225.0''' | |'''402.5''' | |- |1994 | align="left" |[[Istanbul]], Turkiyya{{Flagicon|TUR}} | -91 kg&nbsp; |172.5 |'''177.5''' |<s>180.0</s> | |210.0 |'''220.0''' |<s>230.0</s> | |'''397.5''' | |- |1995 | align="left" |[[Guangzhou]], kasar Sin{{Flagicon|CHN}} | -99 kg&nbsp; |<s>182.5</s> |'''182.5''' |<s>187.5</s> | |225.0 |'''227.5''' |<s>230.0</s> | |'''410.0''' | |- |1998 | align="left" |[[Lahti]], Finland{{Flagicon|FIN}} | -94 kg |175.0 |'''180.0''' |<s>182.5</s> | |215.0 |'''220.0''' | - | |'''400.0''' | |- |1999 | align="left" |[[Athens]], Girka{{Flagicon|GRE}} | -94 kg |180.0 |185.0 |'''188.0 WR''' | |222.5 |'''225.0''' |<s>230.5</s> | |'''412.5 WR <ref name="iwf">{{Cite web |title=International Weightlifting Federation (IWF.NET) |url=http://www.iwf.net/results/record_cur.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424110454/http://www.iwf.net/results/record_cur.php |archive-date=2009-04-24 |access-date=2014-11-16}} iwf.net. Retrieved on 2009-06-13</ref> {{Ref label|a|a|a}}''' | |- ! colspan="13" |Gasar Zakarun Turai |- |1992 | align="left" |[[Szekszárd]], Hungary{{Flagicon|HUN}} | -90 kg&nbsp; |'''175.0''' | | | |'''225.0''' | | | |'''400.0''' | |- |1993 | align="left" |[[Sofiya|Sofia]], Bulgaria{{Flagicon|BUL}} | -91 kg&nbsp; |'''180.0''' | | | |'''222.5''' | | | |'''402.5''' | |- |1994 | align="left" |[[Sokolov, Czech Republic|Sokolov, Jamhuriyar Czech]]{{Flagicon|CZE}} | -91 kg&nbsp; |'''180.0''' | | | |'''200.0''' | | | |'''400.0''' | |- |1995 | align="left" |[[Wosaa|Warsaw]], Poland{{Flagicon|POL}} | -91 kg&nbsp; |'''180.0''' | | | |'''228.5 WR''' | | | |'''407.5''' | |- |1996 | align="left" |[[Stavanger]], Norway{{Flagicon|NOR}} | -99 kg&nbsp; |165.0 |'''170.0''' |<s>175.0</s> | |210.0 |'''222.5''' | - | |'''392.5''' | |- |1998 | align="left" |[[Riesa]], Jamus{{Flagicon|GER}} | -94 kg&nbsp; |165.0 |170.0 |'''172.5''' |4 |'''207.5''' |<s>210.0</s> |<s>212.5</s> | |'''380.0''' | |- |1999 | align="left" |[[A Coruña]], Spain{{Flagicon|ESP}} | -94 kg&nbsp; |172.5 |'''177.5''' |<s>180.0</s> | |217.5 |222.5 |'''225.0''' | |'''402.5''' | |- |2003 | align="left" |[[Loutraki]], Girka{{Flagicon|GRE}} | -94 kg&nbsp; |167.5 |<s>175.0</s> |'''177.5''' |5 | - | - | - | - | - | - |- |2004 | align="left" |[[Kiev|Kyiv]], Ukraine{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} | -94 kg&nbsp; |172.5 |<s>177.5</s> |'''177.5''' |6 |<s>215.0</s> |'''215.0''' |<s>220.0</s> |4 |'''392.5''' |4 |- ! colspan="13" |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Yara |- |[[1988 Junior World Weightlifting Championships|1988]] | align="left" |[[Athens]], Girka{{Flagicon|GRE}} | -82.5 kg&nbsp; |'''170.0''' | | ||| {{N/a|NA}} | ||| {{N/a|NA}} || {{N/a|NA}} || {{N/a|NA}} |- |[[1989 Junior World Weightlifting Championships|1989]] | align="left" |[[Fort Lauderdale]], Amurka{{Flagicon|USA}} | -90 kg&nbsp; |'''170.0''' | | | |'''225.0 JWR''' | | | |'''395.0''' | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1h5qndjji1xi21ggrxhey8w9houx25h 0 134819 888405 776750 2026-07-28T10:21:22Z BnHamid 12586 888405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Emmanuel Carasso ko Emanuel Karasu (1862 a Salonica - 1934 a Trieste) lauya ne na Ottoman kuma memba ne na shahararren iyalin Sephardic na Yahudawa Carasso na Ottoman Salonica (yanzu Thessaloniki, Girka). Ya kuma kasance fitaccen memba na Matasan Turks. An kuma rubuta sunan Karaso, Karassu, Karso, Karsu da Karasso. Hanyar Karasu ita ce Turkification na sunansa, ma'ana a zahiri 'ruwa mai duhu'. Dan dan Emmanuel shi ne likita Isaac Carasso, wanda kuma ya haifa a Salonica Sephardic Jew daga Daular Ottoman, wanda ya fara samar da yogurt Danone a Barcelona, Spain a 1919. Karasu memba ne (wasu kafofin sun ce wanda ya kafa) kuma daga baya shugaban Makidoniya Risorta Masonic Lodge a Thessaloniki kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Masonic a cikin Daular [[Daular Usmaniyya|Ottoman]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Danone: History of Danone group |url=http://danone.ua/en/about-company/history/?no_cache=1 |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=danone.ua}}</ref> Masonic lodges da sauran al'ummomin sirri a Salonica sun kasance wuraren taro ga masu tausayi na Matasan Turks, gami da Talat Pasha . Karasu na ɗaya daga cikin mambobin farko da ba Musulmai ba na Ottoman Freedom Society, wanda daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na Kwamitin Tarayyar da Ci gaba (CUP); lokacin da CUP ta zo mulki, ya zama mataimakin Salonica a majalisar dokokin Ottoman. An ba shi mukamai daban-daban a cikin gwamnatin Ottoman, amma ya ƙi su. Karasu na ɗaya daga cikin maza huɗu da suka gaya wa Sultan Abdul Hamid II game da tsige shi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1909. Ya yi aiki don hadin gwiwar kungiyoyin [[Yahudawa]] daban-daban a Daular Ottoman, gami da B'nai B'rith, kuma ya nace cewa Yahudawa na Ottoman sune Ottoman na farko kuma Yahudawa na biyu. Ya kasance memba na kwamitin da ya tattauna yarjejeniyar da ta kawo karshen Yakin Italo-Turkiy da kuma kwamitin da za a sanya birnin Salonika a duniya. Ya rasa tagomashi a karkashin [[Mustafa Kamal Atatürk|Atatürk]] kuma ya tafi gudun hijira a Italiya. == Mutuwa == Ya mutu a 1934, kuma an binne shi a makabartar Yahudawa a Arnavutköy, [[Istanbul]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Danone: History of Danone group |url=http://danone.ua/en/about-company/history/?no_cache=1 |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=danone.ua}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7tk8gykt9i3tc00sj3lzqxs8x73bdxn 0 135716 888432 778366 2026-07-28T10:38:58Z BnHamid 12586 888432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Antonis Kotsakas''' (Girkanci: Αντώνης Κοτσακάς; an haife shi a shekara ta 1947) ɗan siyasan Girka ne, tsohon memba na Majalisar Dokokin Girka na Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) na Chios kuma tsohon minista. Yanzu memba ne na Siriya . ==Farkon rayuwa== An haife shi a [[Thymiana]] a Chios amma ya girma a Moschato . Ya yi aiki a matsayin foreman a cikin gine-gine. Ya kasance memba na kafa kungiyar Panhellenic Socialist Movement a shekara ta 1974. A shekara ta 1984 ya zama memba na kwamitin tsakiya na PASOK, mukamin da aka sake zabarsa har zuwa shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Στο Ε. Γ. του ΠΑΣΟΚ ο Κοτσακάς - Σύντομο βιογραφικό. - Chios News |url=http://www.chiosnews.com/cn7455026AM.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921114628/http://www.chiosnews.com/cn7455026AM.asp |archive-date=2016-09-21 |access-date=2016-05-18}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2011, ya yi murabus a matsayin memba na Majalisar Kasa ta PASOK saboda rashin jituwa da manufofi da gwamnatin George Papandreou ta bi game da kula da rikicin tattalin arzikin Girka da yarjejeniyar da aka yi da masu ba da bashi. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa bai bar PASOK ba, amma PASOK ta ci amanar ra'ayinta.[1] Ya zama memba na Syriza kuma tare da wasu tsoffin 'yan siyasa na PASOK, ya kafa Socialist Tendency a cikin jam'iyyar.[2] A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2015, an zabe shi a Sakatariyar Siyasa ta Syriza . [3] A matsayinsa na memba na Syriza, an dauke shi da taimakawa wajen shirya wasu tsoffin mambobin PASOK a Syriza.[4] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1947]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q3xlx5zljqilheuzfl5hvyxunvla5lf 0 138259 888447 783086 2026-07-28T10:47:48Z BnHamid 12586 888447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Cliff_Palace,_Mesa_Verde_Park,_Colorado,_US_(36).jpg|thumb|Fadar Cliff a Mesa Verde National Park a Montezuma County, Colorado]] [[Fayil:Canyon_de_Chelly1.jpg|thumb|Hanyar Rushewar Fadar White House a Canyon de Chelly National Monument a Apache County, Arizona]] [[Fayil:Hovenweep_in_snow.jpg|thumb|Hasumiyar Takalmin Doki a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a Hovenweep National Monument]] '''Kakanni Puebloans''', waɗanda aka fi sani da '''mutanen Ancestral Pueblo''' ko kuma al'adar '''Kwando-Pueblo''', tsohuwar al'ada ce ta 'yan asalin Amurka ta mutanen Pueblo waɗanda suka mamaye yankin Four Corners na Amurka a yanzu, wanda ya ƙunshi kudu maso gabashin [[Utah]], arewa maso gabashin [[Arizona]], arewa maso yammacin [[New Mexico]], da kudu maso yammacin [[Colorado]] . Ana kyautata zaton sun samo asali, aƙalla wani ɓangare, daga al'adar Oshara, wadda ta samo asali daga al'adar Picosa . Kakanni Puebloans sun rayu a cikin gine-gine daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙananan gidaje na iyali, manyan gine-gine don ɗaukar iyali, manyan pueblos, da gidaje masu tsaunuka don kariya. Suna da hanyar sadarwa mai rikitarwa da ke haɗa ɗaruruwan al'ummomi da cibiyoyin jama'a a faɗin Colorado Plateau . Suna da ilimin kimiyyar sama na musamman wanda ya samo asali a cikin gine-ginensu. Kiva, wani wuri na taro wanda galibi ake amfani da shi don bukukuwa, muhimmin ɓangare ne na tsarin al'umma. Masana ilmin kayan tarihi sun ci gaba da muhawara lokacin da wannan al'ada ta musamman ta bayyana. Yarjejeniyar da ake da ita a yanzu, bisa ga kalmomin da Pecos Classification ta ayyana, ta nuna fitowarsu a kusa da karni na 12 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (KZ), a lokacin da aka tsara wa masu binciken kayan tarihi na farko Zamanin Mai Kwando na II . Tun daga farkon bincike da tono kayan tarihi, masu bincike sun gano cewa kakannin Puebloans a matsayin magabatan mutanen Pueblo na zamani. [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Wuraren Tarihi na Duniya guda uku na UNESCO]] da ke Amurka ana yaba su ga Pueblos: Mesa Verde National Park, Chaco Culture National Historical Park da Taos Pueblo . == Asalin Ma'anar == ''Pueblo'', wanda ke nufin "ƙauye" da "mutane" a cikin Sifaniyanci, kalma ce da ta samo asali daga masu binciken Sifaniyanci waɗanda suka yi amfani da ita don nuna salon rayuwar mutanen. Mutanen Hopi suna amfani da kalmar ''{{Lang|hop|Hisatsinom}}'', ma'ana "tsohon mutanen", don bayyana kakannin Puebloans. Mutanen Navajo, waɗanda yanzu suke zaune a sassan tsohuwar yankin Pueblo, suna kiran mutanen da suka daɗe da ''{{Lang|nv|Anaasází}}'' a cikin yaren Diné, sunan barkwanci ma'ana "magabatan maƙiyanmu", yana nufin gasa da suke yi da mutanen Pueblo. Yanzu mutanen Navajo suna amfani da kalmar a ma'anar nufin "tsofaffin mutane" ko "masu daɗaɗɗe", watau, masu mugunta ko masu barna, <ref name="UXL">"Anasazi". ''U*X*L Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes.'' U*X*L. 2008. {{Cite web |title=Anasazi - U*X*L Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes &#124; HighBeam Research |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3048800031.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061347/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3048800031.html |archive-date=2013-09-21 |access-date=2012-08-14}}</ref> yayin da wasu ke danganta ma'anar ''Anasazi'' ga "tsofaffin mutane waɗanda suka bambanta da mutanenmu"; (a fili ''Ana'' = "bambanta da mu" + ''asaza'' = "tsofaffin"). A ƙarni na ashirin, mutane da al'adunsu na tarihi galibi ana kiransu da sunan barkwanci na Diné. Alfred V. Kidder, wanda ya yi kuskuren tunanin cewa Diné ne ga ''tsofaffi'', ya yi amfani da kalmar a cikin tsarin Rarraba Pecos na 1927. Pueblos na Zamani suna kallon wannan kalmar a matsayin abin ƙyama kuma suna ƙin amfani da kalmar. <ref name="UNCO">{{Cite web |last=Hewit |date=2010-07-09 |title=Puebloan Culture |url=http://hewit.unco.edu/DOHIST/puebloan/begin.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709073248/http://hewit.unco.edu/dohist/puebloan/begin.htm |archive-date=2010-07-09 |website=University of Northern Colorado}}</ref> Zuriyar wannan al'adar ta zamani galibi suna zaɓar amfani da kalmar mutanen Ancestral Pueblo. Masanin ilmin kayan tarihi Linda S. Cordell ta tattauna asalin kalmar da amfaninta:   ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} kdcmresgjnqiltyg63qe8mgkz1osqu9 0 138478 888308 783454 2026-07-27T21:38:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox school|name=Ishaath Public School|latin_name=|logo=|seal_image=|image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|motto=|motto_translation=|coordinates={{coord|11.4344|75.9033|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}|location=[[Poonoor]]|region=[[Unnikulam]]|city=[[Kozhikode]]|county=|state=[[Kerala]]|province=|postcode=673574|country=[[India]]|country1=|schooltype=[[English-medium education|English medium]]|fundingtype=|type=|religious_affiliation=|denomination=|patron=|established=1993|founded=|opened=|status=|closed=|locale=|sister_school=|schoolboard=[[Ideal Association for Minority Education]]|district=|us_nces_district_id=|LEA=|authority=Markaz Garden of [[Markazu Saqafathi Sunniyya|Markaz]]|category=<!-- use | category_label = to override the default label -->|oversight=<!-- use | oversight_label = to override the default label -->|authorizer=|superintendent=|trustee=|specialist=<!-- or | specialists = -->|session=|school_code=|MOE=|ofsted=|ceeb=|us_nces_school_id=|chairman=[[Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad]]|chairperson=<!-- use | chairperson_label = to override the default label -->|dean=|administrator=|rector=|director=[[Abdul Hakeem Azhari]]|principal=Sreekumar P M|campus_director=|chaplain=|staff=|faculty=|teaching_staff=69|employees=|key_people=|grades=in All India Secondary School Examination (Grade 10) and Senior School Certificate Examination (Grade 12)|years=|gender=Mixed|lower_age=<!-- or | age_range = -->|upper_age=<!-- or | age_range = -->|age_range=<!-- or | lower_age = and | upper_age = -->|enrolment=<!-- or | enrollment = -->|grade_preK=|gradeK=|grade1=|grade2=|grade3=|grade4=|grade5=|grade6=|grade7=|grade8=|grade9=|grade10=|grade11=|grade12=|grade13=|other=<!-- use | other_grade_label = to override the default label -->|international_students=[[Canada]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/canadian-students-day-at-markaz-school/article3124997.ece|title=Canadian students' day at Markaz school|date=2006-06-27|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-05-20}}</ref> [[Malaysia]], [[UK]] and [[United States]]|classes=|avg_class_size=|ratio=|system=|classes_offered=|schedule_type=|schedule=|hours_in_day=|classrooms=|campuses=|campus_size=|area=|campus_type=|houses=|colours=<!-- or | colors = -->|slogan=|song=|athletics=|sports=|mascot=|nickname=|team_name=|accreditation=<!-- or | accreditations = -->|ranking=|national_ranking=|test_name=|test_average=|bar_pass_rate=|decile=|publication=|newspaper=|yearbook=|budget=|fees=|revenue=|communities=|feeder_schools=|feeder_to=|graduates=|affiliations=[[Central Board of Secondary Education]]|alumni=|nobel_laureates=|information=<!-- do not enter phone numbers or email addresses -->|website={{URL|http://www.ipspoonoor.in}}|footnotes=|picture=|picture_caption=|picture2=|logo_size=|logo_alt=|seal_size=|seal_alt=|address=|number=|president=|chair=<!-- use | chair_label = to override the default label -->|head=Abdul Nazar Saqafi|head_label=Officer in charge|enrolment_as_of=<!-- or | enrollment_as_of = -->|students=2000+|sixth_form_students=|pupils=|other_grade_label_1=|other_grade_enrollment_1=|other_grade_label_2=|other_grade_enrollment_2=|medium_of_language=[[English language|English]]|language=|campus=|student_union=<!-- use | student_union_label = to override the default label -->|school_colours=<!-- or | school_colors = -->|fight_song=|athletics_conference=|teams=<!-- use | teams_label = to override the default label -->|rivals=<!-- or | rival = -->|USNWR_ranking=|school_roll=|products=|endowment=|annual_tuition=|tuition=|graduates_year=|picture_caption2=|lastupdate=}}{{Reflist}} Makarantar Jama'a ta Ishaath, Poonoor makarantar Turanci ce a Poonoor, [[Indiya]] . Markaz Garden <ref>{{Cite web |last=generator |first=metatags |date=2015-12-12 |title=Markaz Gardens Poonoor |url=http://www.markaz.in/campuses/markaz-gardens-poonoor |access-date=2016-05-20 |website=Markaz |language=en-US |archive-date=2016-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623171733/http://www.markaz.in/campuses/markaz-gardens-poonoor |url-status=dead }}</ref> na Markazu Ssaqafathi Ssunniyya ne ke gudanar da shi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar Hukumar Ilimi ta Tsakiya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Markaz Gardens Poonoor {{!}} Markaz |url=http://markazonline.com/en/markaz-gardens-poonoor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617080959/http://markazonline.com/en/markaz-gardens-poonoor/ |archive-date=17 June 2016 |access-date=2016-05-20 |website=markazonline.com}}</ref> New Delhi da Kungiyar Kyakkyawan Ilimi ta Ƙananan .<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Phase-III-A - CBSE |url=http://www.cbse.nic.in/cce/Phase_III_A.xls |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad]] * Birnin Ilimi * [[Markaz Arts and Science College|Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Markaz]] * Kwalejin Shari'a ta Markaz * Shahre Mubarak Grand Masjid * Markazu Saquafathi Sunniyya * Markaz, Dubai == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|www.ipspoonoor.in}} pd38dw6i2w9tywdf0a2u7ox7apg0153 0 139789 888367 816017 2026-07-28T06:42:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marie A. Bernard, MD''' likita ce 'yar Amurka. Ita ce Babbar Jami'ar Kimiyyar Bambancin Ma'aikata a Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa (NIH). Kafin wannan, ita ce mataimakiyar darakta ta Cibiyar Kula da Tsufa ta Ƙasa a NIH, da kuma babbar likitan tsofaffi na cibiyoyin, inda ta kula da kimanin dala biliyan 3.1 a cikin binciken da ya mayar da hankali kan tsufa da [[cutar Alzheimer]] . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |last=NIH |first=Office of Research for Women's Health |date=2025-02-03 |title=Biography for Marie A. Bernard, M.D. |url=https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sites/orwh/files/docs/BernardMarie_Bio_508C.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405235630/https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sites/orwh/files/docs/BernardMarie_Bio_508C.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2024}}</ref> Bernard ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Ba da Shawara ga Daraktan Ƙungiyar Aiki ta NIH kan Bambancin Ra'ayi, Ƙungiyar Aiki ta Kwamitin Gudanarwa ta NIH kan DEIA, da kuma shirin NIH UNITE da aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2021 don gano da magance duk wani wariyar launin fata da ka iya wanzuwa a cikin NIH da kuma a duk faɗin ma'aikatan likitanci da ɗabi'a. Ta kuma jagoranci haɓaka ''Tsarin Dabaru na NIH na Shekarar Kuɗi na 2023 - 2027 don Bambancin Ra'ayi, Daidaito, Haɗawa, da Samun Dama (DEIA)'' kuma ta yi aiki a kan aiwatar da shi. Ta jagoranci Kwamitin Gudanar da Hadaka, wanda ke haɓaka shiga cikin binciken asibiti ta hanyar jinsi/jinsi, launin fata/ƙabila, da shekaru. Ta kuma jagoranci maƙasudai biyu na Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam na Lafiyar Mutane 2020: 1) Tsofaffi, da 2) [[Dementia|Hauka]], gami da [[cutar Alzheimer]] . Kafin ta isa NIH a 2008, Bernard ya yi aiki a matsayin Donald W. Reynolds Shugaba a fannin Magungunan Gari da kuma shugaban da ya kafa Sashen Magungunan Gari na Donald W. Reynolds a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Jami'ar Oklahoma, da kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata na Kula da Gari da Tsawaita Kulawa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tsofaffin Sojoji ta Oklahoma. Abubuwan da Bernard ke sha'awa a bincike sun haɗa da [[abinci mai gina jiki]] da aiki a cikin [[Ageing|tsofaffi]], musamman ma ga ƙananan kabilu . Bernard ta sami kyaututtuka biyu na ƙasa saboda jagorancinta a fannin likitancin tsofaffi: kyautar Kent ta 2014 ta ƙungiyar Gerontological Society of America ; da kyautar Clark Tibbits ta 2013 ta ƙungiyar Gerontology in Higher Education. Dr. Bernard ta yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2024. == Ilimi da aiki == Bernard ta sami horon digirinta na farko a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr a shekarar 1972, <ref> name="Bryn-Mawr-2014">{{Cite web |last=Campeggio |first=Diana |title=Marie Bernard '72 receives Gerontological Society of America Award |url=http://alumnews.blogs.brynmawr.edu/2014/08/14/marie-bernard-72-receives-award-by-gerontological-society-of-america/ |access-date=19 March 2015 |publisher=Bryn Mawr College}}</ref> inda ta kammala karatun ''digiri na biyu'' da girmamawa a fannin sinadarai sannan ta sami digirin MD daga Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania a shekarar 1976. Ta yi horo a fannin likitancin ciki a Asibitin Jami'ar Temple da ke Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, inda ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban mazauninta . Bayan zamanta, Bernard ta ci gaba da aikinta a Makarantar Magunguna ta Temple, ta fara koyarwa a fannin likitanci, sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin likitanci a Sashen Magungunan Cikin Gida na Gabaɗaya, Daraktan Asibitocin Lafiya, da Mataimakin Shugaba na Shiga Jami'a. <ref> name="AGS-profile">{{Cite web |last=The American Geriatrics Society |title=Marie A. Bernard, MD |url=http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health_care_professionals/profiles_in_geriatrics/marie_bernard/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112939/http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health_care_professionals/profiles_in_geriatrics/marie_bernard/ |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=19 March 2015 |publisher=The American Geriatrics Society}}</ref> A shekarar 1990, Bernard ta shiga Jami'ar Oklahoma don gina shirye-shiryenta na ilimi da bincike kan tsofaffi . Har zuwa lokacin da ta koma NIA, Bernard ita ce daraktar da ta kafa Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Gari na Reynolds na Oklahoma, Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Gari na uku a Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |title=Q&A with Marie A. Bernard, deputy director of the National Institute on Aging {{!}} medicine.duke.edu |url=https://medicine.duke.edu/medicinenews/qa-marie-bernard-deputy-director-national-institute-aging |access-date=2020-07-12 |website=medicine.duke.edu |archive-date=2020-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818141521/https://medicine.duke.edu/medicinenews/qa-marie-bernard-deputy-director-national-institute-aging |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga kafa da kuma jagorantar sashen, Dr. Bernard ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata na Kula da Lafiyar Gari da Tsawaita Kulawa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tsoffin Sojoji ta Oklahoma City. <ref name="AGS-profile">{{Cite web |last=The American Geriatrics Society |title=Marie A. Bernard, MD |url=http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health_care_professionals/profiles_in_geriatrics/marie_bernard/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112939/http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health_care_professionals/profiles_in_geriatrics/marie_bernard/ |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=19 March 2015 |publisher=The American Geriatrics Society}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThe_American_Geriatrics_Society">The American Geriatrics Society. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112939/http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health_care_professionals/profiles_in_geriatrics/marie_bernard/ "Marie A. Bernard, MD"]. The American Geriatrics Society. Archived from [http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health_care_professionals/profiles_in_geriatrics/marie_bernard/ the original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112939/http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health_care_professionals/profiles_in_geriatrics/marie_bernard/ |date=2015-04-02 }} on 2015-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Bernard ya sami ƙarin horo ta hanyar Cibiyar Bincike kan Ayyukan Lafiya ta Ƙungiyar Kwalejojin Likitanci ta Amurka, Cibiyar Ilimi ta Gariatric ta Pennsylvania, da kuma shirin Ci gaban Zartarwa na Makarantar Wharton. <ref name="GSA-press-release">{{Cite web |last=The Gerontological Society of America |title=Bernard selected for GSA's 2014 Donald P. Kent Award |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-07/tgso-bsf071714.php |access-date=19 March 2015 |publisher=EurekAlert |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010928/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-07/tgso-bsf071714.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bernard ta jagoranci ci gaban Tsarin Binciken Bambancin Lafiya na Cibiyar Kasa kan Tsufa, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2015, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan tantance ci gaba da damammaki a cikin bincike kan bambance-bambancen lafiya tsakanin kabilu da kabilu da suka shafi tsufa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Q&A with Marie A. Bernard, deputy director of the National Institute on Aging {{!}} medicine.duke.edu |url=https://medicine.duke.edu/medicinenews/qa-marie-bernard-deputy-director-national-institute-aging |access-date=2020-07-12 |website=medicine.duke.edu |archive-date=2020-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818141521/https://medicine.duke.edu/medicinenews/qa-marie-bernard-deputy-director-national-institute-aging |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2021, an nada ta a matsayin Babbar Jami'a don Bambancin Ma'aikata a Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2021 |title=NIH names Dr. Marie A. Bernard as Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity |url=https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-names-dr-marie-bernard-chief-officer-scientific-workforce-diversity}}</ref> Bernard ta kuma jagoranci kwamitin mace mai launin fata na Ƙungiyar Aiki ta NIH kan Mata a Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=NIH |first=Office of Research for Women's Health |date=2025-02-03 |title=Biography for Marie A. Bernard, M.D. |url=https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sites/orwh/files/docs/BernardMarie_Bio_508C.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405235630/https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sites/orwh/files/docs/BernardMarie_Bio_508C.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNIH2025">NIH, Office of Research for Women's Health (2025-02-03). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240405235630/https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sites/orwh/files/docs/BernardMarie_Bio_508C.pdf "Biography for Marie A. Bernard, M.D."] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from [https://orwh.od.nih.gov/sites/orwh/files/docs/BernardMarie_Bio_508C.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 5, 2024.</cite></ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu a fannin likitanci da bincike == * Wanda ya lashe kyautar 2023 a cikin Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society * Kyautar Amintaccen Gidauniyar John A. Hartford ta 2022 * Lakca ta 2020 Barbara Payne a fannin Gerontology, Jami'ar Jihar Georgia <ref>{{Cite web |title=Q&A with Marie A. Bernard, deputy director of the National Institute on Aging {{!}} medicine.duke.edu |url=https://medicine.duke.edu/medicinenews/qa-marie-bernard-deputy-director-national-institute-aging |access-date=2020-07-12 |website=medicine.duke.edu |archive-date=2020-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818141521/https://medicine.duke.edu/medicinenews/qa-marie-bernard-deputy-director-national-institute-aging |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kyautar Kent ta 2014, Gerontological Society of America (wanda ake bayarwa kowace shekara ga memba na Ƙungiyar "wanda ya fi misalta mafi girman ƙa'idodi na jagoranci na ƙwararru a fannin ilimin gerontology") <ref name="GSA-press-release"/> * Kyautar Clark Tibbits ta 2013, Ƙungiyar Ilimin Gerontology a Ilimi Mai Girma (saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga ilimin gerontology da ilimin tsofaffi) <ref name="Tibbits">{{Cite web |last=Association for Gerontology in Higher Education |title=Clark Tibbits Award |url=https://www.aghe.org/membership/awards/clark-tibbits-award |access-date=19 March 2015 |publisher=Association for Gerontology in Higher Education (AGHE) |archive-date=20 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320023137/http://www.aghe.org/membership/awards/clark-tibbits-award |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kyautar 2008 50 sama da 50, AARP, Babi na Oklahoma <ref name="Muskegee-Phoenix">{{Cite web |last=Muskegee Phoenix |date=14 September 2008 |title=AARP honors 50 Oklahomans at anniversary celebration |url=http://www.muskogeephoenix.com/archives/aarp-honors-oklahomans-at-anniversary-celebration/article_b8449c95-7905-561a-a854-1084175b1f47.html |access-date=19 March 2015 |publisher=Muskegee Phoenix}}</ref> * Kyautar Pathmakers ta 2007, Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Oklahoma City/County <ref name="Edmond Sun">{{Cite web |last=10-9 Local News |date=Oct 9, 2007 |title=Oklahoma City/County Historical Society honors Bernard |url=http://www.edmondsun.com/news/local_news/local-news/article_81cf3d56-0c7a-567a-b915-f446c9452835.html?TNNoMobile |access-date=19 March 2015 |publisher=The Edmond Sun |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212132023/http://www.edmondsun.com/news/local_news/local-news/article_81cf3d56-0c7a-567a-b915-f446c9452835.html?TNNoMobile |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2007-2010 Babban Malamin Jagoranci na Hartford <ref name="ADGAP">{{Cite web |last=Association of Directors of Geriatric Academic Programs |title=Leadership |url=http://adgap.americangeriatrics.org/adgap-programs/leadership/ |access-date=19 March 2015 |publisher=Association of Directors of Geriatric Academic Programs (ADGAP)}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fe1dkfyw2jxl0scb3h3vzt8zkqlaszm 0 140960 888401 796467 2026-07-28T10:18:19Z BnHamid 12586 888401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Abu ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Khalaf al-Maʿāfirī al-Qābiṣī[lower-alpha 1] (935-1012) [lower-alpha 1] ya kasance babban masanin Ifrīqiyan (uṣūlī) na Makarantar Mālikī na Shari'ar Musulunci (fiḳh). A shekara ta 996, ya gaji dan uwansa na farko Ibn Abī Zayd a matsayin jagora (Shaykh) na makarantar a al-Qayrawān (Kairouan). [1] An haifi mahaifin Al-Qābiṣī a ƙauyen al-Maʿāfiriyyīn kusa da Kabis (Gabès) kuma mahaifiyarsa ta fito ne daga al-Qayrawān . Bisa ga al'adar baki, shi dan uwan farko ne na Ibn Abī Zayd da Muḥriz ibn Khalaf, 'ya'yan'uwan mahaifiyarsa. Ya kasance [[Makanta|makaho]]. A Afirka al-Qābiṣī ya koyar da shi daga Abu ʾl-ʿAbbās al-Ibyānī, masanin [[Shafi`iyya|Shāfiʿī]] daga [[Tunis]]; Darrās al-Fāsī, wani Ashʿarī; da Ibn Masrūr al-Dabbāgh. Tare da Darrās al-Fāsī da Andalusian al-Aṣīlī, ya ci gaba da tafiya mai tsawo a gabas daga 963 har zuwa 968. {{Efn|352–57 AH.}} A lokacin tafiyarsa, saboda makaho ne, sahabbansa sun yi aiki a matsayin sakatarensa. Kafin ya fara shari'a, al-Qābiṣī ya koyar da ''[[Qiraʼat|qirāʾāt]]'' (karya da [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]]). A matsayinsa na lauya ya kasance mai bin al'ada tare da sha'awar Ashʿarī kuma yana da ra'ayi ga rubuce-rubucen Ibn al-Mawwāz . Yana da zurfin ilimin ''[[Hadisi|''Hadist'']]''. Ya taimaka wajen yada [[Sahi al-Bukhari|''Ṣaḥīḥ'' na al-Bukhārī]], tarin ḥadīths, a arewacin Afirka kuma ya rubuta masa wani riwāya, asusun watsa shi. Sauran ayyukansa sun haɗa da tarin ḥadīths na ''Muwaṭṭaʾ'', sananne a al-Andalus; wani rubutu game da halin malamai, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta rubuce-rubucen Saḥnūn; tarin al'adun ''fiḳh''; da haruffa da yawa akan komai daga fassarar Kur'ani, gine-ginen ''Ribāṭ'', [[Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari|al-Ashʿarī]] da ƙaryata Bakrites (watau, Khārijites ). A lokacin da ya tsufa, an ce ya gabatar da saurayi Ibn Sharaf ga shayari. Ikon Al-Qābiṣī da suna sun tashi bayan mutuwar Ibn Abī Zayd (996) da Ibn Shiblūn (999) kuma ya zama babban lauya a arewacin Afirka da al-Andalus. A lokacin mutuwarsa har yanzu yana koyar da dalibai tamanin. Wadanda suka gaje shi, wadanda suka ci gaba da aikinsa, sune Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān da Abū Imrān al-Fāsī . Ƙarshen aikin waɗannan malaman Mālikī na al-Qayrawān shine nasarar makarantar Mālikī a Afirka yammacin Misira da kuma raguwa tsakanin Mālikī Zīrids da [[Shi'a|Shīʿa]] [[Halifancin Fatimid|Fāṭimids]]. == Bayani == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Authority control}}{{Reflist}} 0hsl0561a7fpfetenzv6wamkh5uk81y 0 141127 888435 796958 2026-07-28T10:39:45Z BnHamid 12586 888435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Masjid-e-chowk''', wanda aka fi sani da Chowk Ke Masjid ko ''Jama Masjid Chowk'', [[Masallaci]] ne da ke cikin Hasumiyar Tsaro ta Mahboob Chowk, a [[Hyderabad]], a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar [[Telangana]], Indiya. Khaja Abdullah Khan ne ya gina masallacin a shekara ta 1817. Da farko an gina masallacin tare da bangon uku. Daga baya an kara arches huɗu ta hanyar fadada tsarin da [[Hasumiya|minaret]] guda biyu a gaban zauren rectangular. : 107 {{Rp|107}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Musulunci a Indiya]] * Jerin masallatai a Telangana == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Masallatai]] 7yac89dsnxr8xzfn1fyx0z4m2q6l0t0 888436 888435 2026-07-28T10:41:36Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 888436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Masjid-e-chowk''', wanda aka fi sani da Chowk Ke Masjid ko ''Jama Masjid Chowk'', [[Masallaci]] ne da ke cikin Hasumiyar Tsaro ta Mahboob Chowk, a [[Hyderabad]], a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar [[Telangana]], Indiya.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-19 |title=Hyderabad: 73 years on, Urdu discourse back in Jama Masjid Chowk |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/73-years-on-urdu-discourse-back-in-jama-masjid-chowk/articleshow/86331490.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Khaja Abdullah Khan ne ya gina masallacin a shekara ta 1817. Da farko an gina masallacin tare da bangon uku. Daga baya an kara arches huɗu ta hanyar fadada tsarin da [[Hasumiya|minaret]] guda biyu a gaban zauren rectangular.<ref name="news">{{cite news|title=Hyderabad: Mosques offer free education, skill development amid school closure|url=https://www.siasat.com/hyderabad-mosques-offer-free-education-skill-development-amid-school-closure-2108001/|last=Fatima|first=Sakina|newspaper=[[The Siasat Daily]]|date=11 March 2021|access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="Bilgrami">{{cite book|title=Landmarks of the Deccan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgo97XF0XuYC|first=Syed Ali Asgar|last=Bilgrami|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|year=1992|isbn=9788120605435|access-date=26 May 2022}}</ref>{{rp|107}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Musulunci a Indiya]] * Jerin masallatai a Telangana == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Masallatai]] 6ql5t7p9t02kxe44ymmey00qrkwjyy8 888437 888436 2026-07-28T10:42:41Z BnHamid 12586 888437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Masjid-e-chowk''', wanda aka fi sani da Chowk Ke Masjid ko ''Jama Masjid Chowk'', [[Masallaci]] ne da ke cikin Hasumiyar Tsaro ta Mahboob Chowk, a [[Hyderabad]], a cikin Gundumar Hyderabad ta jihar [[Telangana]], Indiya.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-19 |title=Hyderabad: 73 years on, Urdu discourse back in Jama Masjid Chowk |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/73-years-on-urdu-discourse-back-in-jama-masjid-chowk/articleshow/86331490.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-07-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Khaja Abdullah Khan ne ya gina masallacin a shekara ta 1817. Da farko an gina masallacin tare da bangon uku. Daga baya an kara arches huɗu ta hanyar fadada tsarin da [[Hasumiya|minaret]] guda biyu a gaban zauren mai kusurwa huɗu (rectangular).<ref name="news">{{cite news|title=Hyderabad: Mosques offer free education, skill development amid school closure|url=https://www.siasat.com/hyderabad-mosques-offer-free-education-skill-development-amid-school-closure-2108001/|last=Fatima|first=Sakina|newspaper=[[The Siasat Daily]]|date=11 March 2021|access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="Bilgrami">{{cite book|title=Landmarks of the Deccan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgo97XF0XuYC|first=Syed Ali Asgar|last=Bilgrami|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|year=1992|isbn=9788120605435|access-date=26 May 2022}}</ref>{{rp|107}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Musulunci a Indiya]] * Jerin masallatai a Telangana == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Masallatai]] q1iwjjy2h779dppcs1aedogk5o51918 0 141452 888354 798083 2026-07-28T03:32:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maphoka Motoboli''' 'yar siyasa ce a ƙasar [[Lesotho]]. Motoboli memba ce ta Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa ta Lesotho, <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Members – The National Assembly of Lesotho |url=https://nationalassembly.parliament.ls/members/ |access-date=2021-12-15 |publisher=Nationalassembly.parliament.ls |archive-date=2021-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206213017/https://nationalassembly.parliament.ls/members/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hon. Maphoka Motoboli |date= |title=Hon. Maphoka Motoboli – The National Assembly of Lesotho |url=https://nationalassembly.parliament.ls/team/hon-maphoka-motoboli/ |access-date=2021-12-15 |publisher=Nationalassembly.parliament.ls |archive-date=2021-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206202757/https://nationalassembly.parliament.ls/team/hon-maphoka-motoboli/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> majalisar da ke ƙarƙashin Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasar Lesotho. Motoboli ta kasance Mataimakiya ga Ministan Ilimi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-19 |title=Deputy Minister of Education Maphoka Motoboli and Chinese Ambassador Sun Xianghua being presented with blankets (2) |url=https://sundayexpress.co.ls/education-ministry-hails-chinese-support/dep-min-of-education-maphoka-motoboli-and-chinese-ambassador-sun-xianghua-being-presented-with-blankets-2/ |access-date=2021-12-15 |publisher=Sunday Express}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Siyasar Lesotho == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 81dthuwtek3x9qt2doyogyisk7hl39l 0 141692 888434 880100 2026-07-28T10:39:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mary Ellen Henderson''' ( née Meriwether; Satumba 18, 1885 - Fabrairu 4, 1976) ta kasance malamar Afirka-Amurka kuma mai fafutukar [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kare haƙƙin jama'a]] a tsakiyar shekarun 1900. Ta shahara sosai saboda aikinta na raba wuraren zama a Cocin Falls, tana aiki don gina ingantattun wurare ga ɗaliban baƙar fata a Cocin Falls, Virginia da kuma fara CCPL ( [[Ƙungiyar Kare Jama'a Masu Launi|Coloured Citizens Protective League]] ), reshen karkara na farko na NAACP . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-22 |title=History |url=https://www.novaparks.com/parks/tinner-hill-historic-park/history |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=Nova Parks |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da iyali == An haifi Mary Ellen Meriwether a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 1885, ga Mary Louise Robinson Meriwether da James Henry Meriwether. Iyayenta biyu sun yi karatun kwaleji. Mahaifiyarta, Mary Louise, ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Oberlin da ke Ohio, ta ci gaba da koyarwa a makarantar sakandare ta farko ga ɗaliban baƙar fata, waɗanda daga baya aka sani da Makarantar Sakandare ta Paul Laurence Dunbar, a Washington, DC, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a. Mahaifin Mary Ellen, James, ya kammala karatunsa daga [[Jami'ar Howard]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |date=1896-01-01 |title=1896: Alumni Catalogue of Howard University with List of Incorporators, Trustees, and Other Employees |url=https://dh.howard.edu/hucatalogs/13 |journal=Howard University Catalogs}}</ref> Daga baya ya yi aikin lauya a Washington DC kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin amintattu a Howard har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1906. 'Yar uwarta, Sarah Meriwether Nutter, ita ma malamar makaranta ce, mai fafutuka kuma wacce ta kafa ƙungiyar Alpha Kappa Alpha . == Aiki da fafutuka == Mary Ellen, wacce ɗalibanta ke yi wa laƙabi da "Miss Nellie", ta fara koyarwa a aji huɗu zuwa bakwai a Makarantar Firamare ta James E. Lee, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Collection |first=Henderson Family |title=Teachers sitting on steps at the James Lee Colored School |url=http://100yearsblackfallschurch.org/items/show/56 |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=100yearsblackfallschurch.org |archive-date=2020-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622041327/http://100yearsblackfallschurch.org/items/show/56 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wani gida mai ɗakuna biyu na yara baƙar fata. Ta karɓi aikin ne don hana rufe makarantar saboda rashin malamai masu horo sosai. Makarantar ba ta da ruwan sha ko ma'aikatan kula da yara, don haka Henderson ya kawo ruwa daga rijiyar maƙwabci kuma ya tsaftace ajin kowace rana. Ginin kuma ba shi da tsarin dumama tsakiya ko wuraren tsafta na cikin gida, albarkatun da makarantar farar fata ke da su. Henderson ya yi fafutukar neman ingantacciyar makaranta ga yaran baƙar fata 'yan Amurka, yana gudanar da bincike kan rashin daidaito tsakanin makarantun baƙar fata da fari a gundumar Fairfax, ''Our Disgrace and Kume: Kayan Makaranta ga Yara 'Yan Negro a gundumar Fairfax.'' <ref> name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Pellegrino |first=Anthony M. |last2=Mann |first2=Linda J. |last3=Russell |first3=William B. |date=2013 |title=Historical Examination of the Segregated School Experience |journal=The History Teacher |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=355–372 |issn=0018-2745 |jstor=43264130}}</ref> Henderson ya yi la'akari, kuma a cikin 1948, Fairfax ta buɗe sabuwar Makarantar Firamare ta James E. Lee, <ref>{{Cite web |title=James E Lee School: Browse Items {{!}} 100 Years Black Falls Church |url=http://100yearsblackfallschurch.org/items/browse?tags=James+E.+Lee+School |access-date=2020-08-10 |website=100yearsblackfallschurch.org |archive-date=2020-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624053022/http://100yearsblackfallschurch.org/items/browse?tags=James+E.+Lee+School |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Venue |url=https://www.providenceplayers.org/plan-your-visit/about-the-venue/ |access-date=2020-08-10 |website=Providence Players of Fairfax |language=en-US}}</ref> wata makaranta mai ɗakuna shida, tare da ƙarin ɗakin taro, ɗakin karatu, asibiti, da gidan cin abinci. An naɗa Henderson a matsayin shugabar sabuwar makarantar, matsayin da ta riƙe tsawon shekaru talatin. An san ɗaliban da Mary Ellen Henderson ta koyar da su saboda manyan nasarorin da suka samu, kuma sun sami yabo daga malaman makarantar sakandare. Daliban da ta koyar za su zama muhimman membobin al'umma, ko ma malamai da kansu. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=Darien |date=2005-02-17 |title=Mary Ellen 'Nellie' Henderson: A Life of Making Differences, Big and Small |url=http://www.fcnp.com/450/henderson.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307194433/http://www.fcnp.com/450/henderson.htm |archive-date=2005-03-07 |access-date=2020-08-10}}</ref> Henderson da mijinta, EB Henderson, sun kafa Ƙungiyar Kare Jama'a Masu Launi (CCPL), tare da Joseph Tinner, don nuna rashin amincewa da unguwannin da aka raba. A shekarar 1915, an zartar da doka ta hannun fararen fata masu zaɓe a Cocin Falls wanda zai tilasta wa al'ummar Afirka ta Amurka zama a yankinsu na garin; kashi 32% na al'ummar sun zauna a ƙasa da kashi 5% na ƙasar. CCPL ta shigar da ƙarar da ta hana aiwatar da dokar. Kotun Koli ta soke dokar a shekarar 1917, kuma ta cire ta a hukumance a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Oti |first=Donna |date=November–December 2006 |title=Ned and Nell: E.B. and Mary Ellen Henderson Impact a Community and a Nation |journal=Homes of Color |pages=10–14}}</ref> A ƙarshe, a shekarar 1918, CCPL ta kafa tushen Reshen Hukumar Kare Jama'a ta Fairfax County na NAACP, reshen karkara na farko na NAACP. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NAACP Collection |first=Manuscript Division |title=E. B. Henderson to Mary W. Ovington |url=http://100yearsblackfallschurch.org/items/show/298 |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=100yearsblackfallschurch.org |archive-date=2020-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622010818/http://100yearsblackfallschurch.org/items/show/298 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An karrama dukkan 'yan Henderson biyu a shekarar 1960 ta Majalisar Hulɗa da Dan Adam ta Gundumar Fairfax saboda yaƙin da suka yi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka ta karrama su a shekarar 2006, lokacin da Wakili Jim Moran ya karrama su a cikin kundin tsarin mulki, "Ga kowane mutum da aka san shi da ƙasa, akwai shugaba na gida wanda ke yin abubuwa da yawa a ƙarƙashin inuwar takwarorinsu da aka fi sani. Biyu daga cikin waɗannan mutanen su ne Dr. Edwin da Mrs. Mary Ellen Henderson, majagaba kan kare haƙƙin jama'a daga Arewacin Virginia waɗanda suka yi aiki don adalci na zamantakewa tsawon kusan shekaru 50." === ''Kunya da Kunyarmu: Kayan Aikin Makaranta ga Yara 'Yan Negro a Gundumar Fairfax'' === A shekarar 1945, Mary Ellen Henderson ta rubuta wani bincike mai taken, ''Our Disgrace and Shame: School Facilities for Negro Children in Fairfax County,'' <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Pellegrino |first=Anthony M. |last2=Mann |first2=Linda J. |last3=Russell |first3=William B. |date=2013 |title=Historical Examination of the Segregated School Experience |journal=The History Teacher |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=355–372 |issn=0018-2745 |jstor=43264130}}</ref> kan rashin daidaito tsakanin makarantun baƙar fata da fari a Fairfax County don haɓaka rabon ƙarin albarkatu ga makarantarta. Yara a makarantun fararen fata suna hawa motocin bas masu zafi zuwa da dawowa makaranta, yayin da ɗaliban makarantun baƙar fata ke hawa motocin bas marasa zafi, idan suna zaune kusa da inda za su iya ɗaukar bas kwata-kwata (wasu yara suna tafiya na kimanin mil biyar kowace rana). Kasafin kuɗin kowace makaranta a yankin Fairfax a shekarar 1935 shine $340,050. An kashe kashi 97.4% na wannan kuɗin ($330,750) a makarantun fararen fata, yayin da aka kashe kashi 2.6% ($9,000) kawai a makarantun baƙar fata. Akwai irin wannan rashin daidaiton kuɗi a shekarar makaranta ta 1945-46; Kasafin kuɗin jari ga makarantun fararen fata ya kai dala $745,000 kimanin dala miliyan 13 a yau) yayin da kasafin kuɗin makarantun baƙar fata ya kasance kaɗan daga wannan, dala $45,000. Yawancin makarantu masu zaman kansu ba su sami kuɗi don ƙarin makarantu kamar gidajen cin abinci ba. A gefe guda kuma, an ba da kuɗin makarantu biyar na fararen fata daga dala $10,000 zuwa $50,000 don ƙara makarantu. Henderson ya sami damar amfani da bambance-bambancen da aka bayyana a cikin rahoton don shawo kan Hukumar Makarantar Gundumar Fairfax don gina sabon gidan makaranta mai ɗakuna 6 da kuma raba kuɗi daidai gwargwado a nan gaba. <ref name=":4"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Mary Ellen Henderson ta halarci Makarantar Al'ada (wanda yanzu aka sani da Kwalejin Malaman DC ), inda ta haɗu da abokin aikinta na rayuwa, Dr. Edwin Bancroft "EB" Henderson. Daga baya ya zama baƙar fata na farko da ya zama darektan ilimin motsa jiki a tsarin makarantun birni [4] kuma shugaban reshen Virginia na NAACP . Dukansu sun kammala karatunsu a matakin farko, Mary Ellen a shekarar 1905 da Edwin a shekarar 1904. Su biyun sun yi aure a ranar [[Kirsimeti]], 1910. Nikki, surukar Henderson, ta ba da labarin: "Shekarar 1910 babbar shekara ce ga Hendersons. Sun yi aure a ranar Kirsimeti a Cocin Presbyterian na 15th Street, inda EB ya yi wa amaryarsa alƙawarin cewa ba zai buga ƙwallon kwando ba bayan sun yi aure. Amarya da ango sun nufi [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] don su yi hutun ƙarshen amarcinsu, inda ango ya buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na ƙarshe, inda ya lashe Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Duniya ta 1910 a daren aurensu!" <ref name=":0"/> Mary Ellen da EB sun ƙaura zuwa Cocin Falls a shekarar 1911 a cikin abin da daga baya aka sanya wa suna " yanki mai fararen fata ." Suna da 'ya'ya biyu tare yayin da suke zaune a Cocin Falls, Edwin Meriwether Henderson a shekarar 1912 da James Henry Meriwether Henderson a shekarar 1917. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rhodes |first=Guy |date=2009-12-10 |title=Dr. J.H.M. Henderson: Beloved leader remembered for dedication to family, community |url=http://www.thetuskegeenews.com/news/dr-j-h-m-henderson-beloved-leader-remembered-for-dedication-to-family-community/article_f0a200a1-cb18-5439-b50c-d675f9337eba.html |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=The Tuskegee News |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A matsayinta na memba na NAACP, Girl Scouts, League of Women Voters, Falls Church Women's Democratic Club, Virginia Education Association, da National Education Association, Henderson ta kasance memba mai himma a cikin al'ummarta. Ta kuma kasance memba na tsawon rai a Cocin Presbyterian na 15th Street, kodayake ta kuma koyar da makarantar Lahadi kuma ta buga organ a Cocin Baptist na Second Baptist da ke Falls Church City . A shekarar 1965, iyalan Henderson sun ƙaura zuwa Tuskegee, Alabama don su kasance kusa da ɗansu James, wanda shine darektan Gidauniyar Bincike ta Carver ta Jami'ar Tuskegee . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bedell |first=Natalie |date=2009-12-16 |title=James H. M. Henderson Dies at Age 92 |url=https://fcnp.com/2009/12/16/james-h-m-henderson-dies-at-age-92/ |access-date=2020-08-10 |website=Falls Church News-Press Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Ko da bayan sun ƙaura, iyalan Henderson sun ziyarci gidansu na lokacin bazara a Highland Beach kusa da Annapolis, Maryland, inda Mary Ellen ta kasance mamba mai himma a harkokin jama'a na gida. == Mutuwa da gado == A ƙarshen rayuwarta, Mary Ellen Henderson ta koma Cibiyar Kula da Marasa Lafiya ta [[Wisconsin]] Avenue, inda ta mutu a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1976, tana da shekaru 90. An yi jana'izarta a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1976, a Gidan Jana'izar McGuire. An kona Henderson aka kuma binne shi a filin dangin Meriwether da ke [[Kabari na Woodlawn (Washington, DC)|Makabartar Woodlawn]], a Washington, DC Makarantar da ke ɗauke da sunanta: Makarantar Sakandare ta Mary Ellen Henderson da ke Falls Church City, Virginia, tana tunawa da Henderson. An keɓe makarantar a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2005, cika shekaru 120 da haihuwarta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=Darien |date=2005-09-22 |title=Mary Ellen Henderson Middle School Dedicated on Namesake's 120th Birthday |url=http://fcnp.com/529/nellie.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129001853/http://fcnp.com/529/nellie.htm |archive-date=2005-11-29 |access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] auaqrclftnq4ibc06ka5eii3jkv6m0o 0 142050 888381 800463 2026-07-28T09:08:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marquita Bradshaw''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 1974) 'yar Amurka ce mai rajin kare muhalli, mai fafutuka, kuma 'yar takarar siyasa. Ita ce 'yar takarar Democrat a zaben Majalisar Dattawan Amurka na 2020 a Tennessee, mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta lashe babban zaɓen jam'iyyar siyasa a kowace takara a jihar Tennessee. Bradshaw ta sha kaye a babban zaɓen ga ɗan Republican Bill Hagerty . Bayan ta sha kaye a zaɓen 2020, Bradshaw ta zama wadda ta kafa Sowing Justice, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da kuma siyasa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Elliott |first=Stephen |date=2023-07-20 |title=Former Nominee Marquita Bradshaw Running for Senate Again |url=https://www.nashvillescene.com/news/pithinthewind/former-nominee-marquita-bradshaw-running-for-senate-again/article_c970a05b-3364-589d-a340-51354d7c60c7.html |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Nashville Scene |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi rashin nasara a zaɓen Majalisar Dattawa na 2024, inda ta sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat ga Gloria Johnson . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Elliott |first=Stephen |date=2023-07-20 |title=Former Nominee Marquita Bradshaw Running for Senate Again |url=https://www.nashvillescene.com/news/pithinthewind/former-nominee-marquita-bradshaw-running-for-senate-again/article_c970a05b-3364-589d-a340-51354d7c60c7.html |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=Nashville Scene |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Bradshaw kuma ta girma a [[Memphis, Tennessee]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eskind |first=Amy |date=2020-10-08 |title=A Black Single Mom Seeks to Make History, Fill Alexander's U.S. Senate Seat |url=https://www.nashvillescene.com/news/coverstory/a-black-single-mom-seeks-to-make-history-fill-alexander-s-u-s-senate-seat/article_c50fa9c6-dbae-573a-bc23-eeeab1a22b27.html |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Nashville Scene |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin yarintarta, iyalinta sun kasance masu himma wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da gurɓataccen iska da ke fitowa daga Memphis Defense Defense Defense Defense Defense Defense, wani sansanin soja mai gurbata muhalli a unguwar Memphis wacce galibi 'yan Afirka ne suka fi zama wurin Superfund a shekarar 1992. Iyayenta sun shirya "kwamitin 'yan ƙasa mai damuwa" game da wurin saboda mazauna yankin sun yi imanin cewa yana haifar da matsalolin lafiya na gida. Bradshaw ta samu tasiri daga kawunta John DeBerry, wanda ya kasance ɗan jam'iyyar Democrat na Majalisar Wakilai ta Tennessee tsawon shekaru da yawa. Bradshaw ta sami digirin farko na Nazarin 'Yancin Kai a fannin aikin jarida da nazarin sadarwa daga Jami'ar Memphis . <ref name="TSD0813">{{Cite web |last=Ajanaku |first=Karanja A. |date=August 13, 2020 |title=Marquita Bradshaw's 'active listening' campaign for the U.S. Senate |url=https://tri-statedefender.com/marquita-bradshaws-active-listening-campaign-for-the-u-s-senate/08/13/ |access-date=August 27, 2020 |website=Tri-State Defender |quote=..we are leading with environmental justice principles with the voices of the people who are experiencing the pain. It’s value and is put in this platform. By that way, we are being inclusive and it’s for everybody because we want America to be for all, not just for some people.}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ita ce shugabar kwamitin [[Adalcin Muhalli|adalci na muhalli]] na reshen Tennessee na [[Cibiyar Sierra|Sierra Club]] . <ref name="SierraClubTN">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Sierra Club Tennessee Chapter |url=https://www.sierraclub.org/tennessee |access-date=August 26, 2020 |publisher=Sierra Club |quote=Marquita Bradshaw, our Tennessee Chapter Environmental Justice Chair - the need to rid ourselves of racism in the fabric of America to achieve climate justice. |archive-date=August 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802194424/https://www.sierraclub.org/tennessee |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar ''Chattanooga Times Free Press'', "Ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin al'umma, ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli da ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, ciki har da Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya da Shari'a ta Tsakiyar Kudu, AFL–CIO, Sierra Club da Tennessee don Haraji Mai Kyau ." === Zaɓen Majalisar Dattawan Amurka na 2020 ===   A watan Oktoban 2019, Bradshaw ta sanar da takararta ta neman kujerar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka wadda Sanata Lamar Alexander mai ritaya ke rike da ita. Ta shaida wa ''Nashville Scene cewa'', "Abin da ke faruwa a Majalisar Dattawa shi ne, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, ba sa wakiltar yadda mazauna Tennessee suke. Yawancin 'yan Majalisar Dattawa attajirai ne, kuma ni uwa ce mai aiki da ba ta da aure. Akwai wasu mutane masu aiki a fadin Tennessee, kuma wani lokacin idan aka sauke waɗannan manufofi, suna da sakamako mara kyau wanda ke cutar da ma'aikata." Bradshaw ta shaida wa ''Tri-State Defender'' cewa "muna jagorantar da ka'idojin adalci na muhalli." <ref name="TSD0813"/> Ta shaida wa wasu manema labarai daga WPLN News cewa "Mutanen launin fata, baƙar fata, launin ruwan kasa, 'yan asalin ƙasar da fararen fata talakawa ba sa fuskantar irin waɗannan dokoki kamar kowa idan ana maganar muhalli." Baya ga matsalolin muhalli, dandamalinta ya amince da Medicare for All da [[Sabuwar Yarjejeniyar Green|Green New Deal]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Issues &#124; Marquita Bradshaw &#124; US Senate |url=https://www.marquitabradshaw.com/platform |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818122816/https://www.marquitabradshaw.com/platform |archive-date=2020-08-18 |access-date=2020-08-27 |website=Bradshaw4senate}}</ref> Tana kuma goyon bayan binciken bayanan sirri na duniya game da siyan bindigogi, da kuma ci gaba da aiki da Dokar Dakatar da Zuwan Yara, da kuma soke ''yarjejeniyar Citizens United da FEC'' . A zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, Bradshaw yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara biyar, ciki har da tsohon soja James Mackler wanda DSCC ke marawa baya. Yaƙin neman zaɓen Mackler ya tara dala miliyan 2.1, yayin da kuɗin Bradshaw ya kai ƙasa da dala 10,000 a watan Maris. A ƙarshen yaƙin neman zaɓen fidda gwani, Bradshaw ya tara dala 24,000. [4] Babban tsammanin shine cewa Mackler zai yi nasara cikin sauƙi a kan filin da aka raba da sauran 'yan takara huɗu. A ranar 6 ga Agusta, Bradshaw ta yi nasara, da kashi 35.5% na ƙuri'un, yayin da Mackler ta zo ta uku da kashi 23.8%. Nasarar Bradshaw mai muhimmanci ta zaɓen fidda gwani ba zato ba tsammani; Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Associated Press ya kira ta "nasara mai ban mamaki kan zaɓin jam'iyyar Democrat" wanda "ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya." <ref name="AP_WaPoEvery" /> Nasarar Bradshaw ita ce ƙalubalen farko da ya yi nasara ga duk wani ɗan takara da DSCC ke goyon baya tun 2010. Kafin nasarar Bradshaw a zaɓen fidda gwani, 'yan Democrat na Tennessee ko na Republican na Tennessee ba su taɓa zaɓar mace baƙar fata a matsayin 'yar takararsu ta mukamai a duk faɗin jihar ba. <ref name="AP_WaPoEvery" /> Bayan nasararta a zaɓen fidda gwani, ƙungiyar [[Motsi na Rana|Sunrise Movement]] ta taya Bradshaw murna, kuma daga baya ta amince da ita. A watan Satumba, Elizabeth Warren, Pete Buttigieg, Bernie Sanders da [[Cibiyar Sierra|Sierra Club]] sun amince da ita. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Endorsements &#124; Warren Democrats |url=https://elizabethwarren.com/endorsements?page=0&q=#marquita-bradshaw |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129212823/https://elizabethwarren.com/endorsements?page=0&q=#marquita-bradshaw |archive-date=November 29, 2021 |access-date=September 21, 2020 |website=[[Elizabeth Warren]]}}</ref> Bradshaw ta yi alƙawarin ziyartar kowace gundumomi 95 na [[Tennessee]] don yin kamfen don zaɓen gama gari. Ta fuskanci ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Republican Bill Hagerty a babban zaɓen da aka gudanar a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Hagerty ta kayar da Bradshaw, inda ta sami kashi 62% na ƙuri'un da Bradshaw ya samu kashi 35%, sakamakon da ''Facing South'' ta danganta da dokokin zaɓe masu tsauri na Tennessee da gazawar ƙungiyoyin ƙasa wajen tallafawa kamfen ɗin Bradshaw. <ref name="210408FSouth">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Elisha |date=April 8, 2021 |title=Meet the South's next wave of voter mobilization groups |url=https://www.facingsouth.org/2021/04/meet-souths-next-wave-voter-mobilization-groups |access-date=May 3, 2021 |website=Facing South |quote=Tennessee has one of the most restrictive voter ID laws in the country and has been consistently ranked as having one of the lowest voter turnout rates nationally...Parker noted that national investment in organizing Tennessee's electorate has been inconsistent.}}</ref> ( Amy McGrath, 'yar Democrat daga Kentucky, da tallafin dala miliyan 90, sabanin dala miliyan 1.5 na Bradshaw, ta sha kashi a hannun abokin hamayyarta Mitch McConnell da irin wannan rata). <ref name="1109Next">{{Cite web |last=Hardiman |first=Samuel |date=November 9, 2020 |title=What's next for Marquita Bradshaw after pioneering bid for Tennessee office? |url=https://eu.commercialappeal.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/09/marquita-bradshaw-plans-whats-next-after-2020-senate-race/6186720002/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109165822/https://eu.commercialappeal.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/09/marquita-bradshaw-plans-whats-next-after-2020-senate-race/6186720002/ |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |access-date=May 3, 2021 |website=Memphis Commercial Appeal |quote=McGrath, who lost to Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell in Kentucky, raised $90 million through Oct. 14, according to finance filings. Thus far, McGrath has received 37.8% of the vote. In Tennessee, with far less money, Bradshaw had received 35.1% of the vote.}}</ref> 'Yan Republican sun riƙe kujerun Majalisar Dattawa guda biyu na Tennessee tun daga 1994, lokacin da Bill Frist na Republican ya kayar da [[Jim Sasser]] na Democrat. <ref name="BidenBillboard">{{Cite web |last=Allison |first=Natalie |date=April 5, 2021 |title=DNC takes out Nashville billboard touting Biden stimulus funds, blasting GOP for voting against bill |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2021/04/05/nashville-biden-billboard-dnc-touts-stimulus-attacks-blackburn-hagerty/4852245001/ |access-date=May 3, 2021 |website=Nashville Tennessean}}</ref> === Ayyukan tayin bayan Majalisar Dattawa === Bayan rashin nasarar da ta samu a takarar majalisar dattawa, Bradshaw ta kafa Sowing Justice, wata kungiya da ke kokarin kara hada kan jama'a da kuma tabbatar da adalci a muhalli. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCaskill, Nolan D. |last2=Sabrina Rodriguez |date=January 8, 2021 |title=Warnock win puts spotlight on Senate's shortcomings |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/08/warnock-win-highlights-senate-shortcomings-456731 |access-date=May 24, 2021 |website=Politico.com}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> A watan Agusta na 2021, wata ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare muhalli 466 ta roƙi Shugaba Biden da ya maye gurbin Neil Chatterjee da Trump ya naɗa a matsayin memba na Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Tarayya (FERC), inda ta naɗa Bradshaw a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu fafutukar kare muhalli uku da suka ba da shawara. <ref name="2021Petition">{{Cite web |last=Budryk |first=Zack |date=August 6, 2021 |title=More than 400 advocacy groups ask Biden to appoint environmentalist to energy commission |url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/566709-more-than-400-advocacy-groups-ask-biden-to-appoint-environmentalist |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=The Hill |quote=In a letter to Biden, 466 groups identified three potential candidates to replace Neil Chatterjee...Potential replacements floated in the letter include former Georgia Public Service Commission candidate Daniel Blackman; former Tennessee Democratic Senate candidate Marquita Bradshaw; and Clean Energy for Biden national co-chair Nidi Thakar.}}</ref> <ref name="NP2021Petition">{{Cite web |last=Elliott |first=Stephen |date=August 6, 2021 |title=Environmental groups suggest former Senate candidate for Biden administration |url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/politics/federal/environmental-groups-suggest-former-senate-candidate-for-biden-administration/article_a2b0283e-f63f-11eb-92fc-df1a1b06e507.html |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=Nashville Post |quote=A coalition of environmental justice groups is asking the Biden administration to nominate one of three environmental justice activists to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, including Marquita Bradshaw of Memphis.}}</ref> A cewar takardar, "Muna buƙatar sabon kwamishinan FERC wanda zai mai da hankali kan kimiyya, adalci, da daidaito, kuma ya kawo ƙarshen zamanin iskar gas mai datti da sauran man fetur." <ref name="ComDrms2021">{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Jessica |date=August 6, 2021 |title=460+ Groups Demand Biden Pick a Climate Champion for Key Energy Position |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/08/06/460-groups-demand-biden-pick-climate-champion-key-energy-position |access-date=September 4, 2021 |website=Common Dreams |quote=With U.S. West plagued by raging wildfires and scientists warning of what the future holds on a rapidly heating planet, more than 460 advocacy groups on Friday urged President Joe Biden to choose a climate champion for a key federal energy post—and gave him three potential candidates}}</ref> A cewar Bradshaw, "Muna buƙatar makomar da Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Tarayya za ta goyi bayan [[Canjin Adalci|sauyi mai adalci]] don ya fi tasiri da inganci, don kawar da gurɓatawa a matsayin wani abu da ya samo asali daga tushen makamashinmu da tattalin arzikinmu." <ref name="NP2021Petition" /> Ta kasance 'yar takara a zaben Majalisar Dattawan Amurka na 2024 a Tennessee, inda ta sha kaye a hannun Gloria Johnson a zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat. <ref name=":0"/> == Duba kuma == * Mata baƙaƙe a harkokin siyasar Amurka * Jerin 'Yan Takarar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka Bakar fata == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0f8o98cq1cvx2wdkc0yqbj0sg8bc9dc 0 142945 888427 802867 2026-07-28T10:37:04Z BnHamid 12586 888427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mary Hannah Frances Ivens''' [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] FRCOG (1870 - 6 Fabrairu 1944) likita ce ta haihuwa kuma likitan mata wacce ita ce mace ta farko da aka nada a matsayin mai ba da shawara a asibiti a Liverpool. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]] ta kasance babban jami'in kiwon lafiya a Asibitin Mata na Scotland a Royaumont, arewa maso gabashin Paris . Don hidimarta ga sojojin Faransa an ba ta lambar yabo a cikin Legion of Honour na Faransa da Croix de Guerre . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ivens a Little Harborough, kusa da Rugby, Warwickshire a cikin 1870, ɗan 5 na manomi Elizabeth Ashmole (1840-1880) da mijinta, William Ivens (1830-1905), manomi da ɗan kasuwa na katako. == Liverpool 1907-1914 == A shekara ta 1907 an nada Ivens a matsayin likitan gynaecological a sabon sashi a asibitin Liverpool Stanley. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin girmamawa a asibitin Liverpool.<ref name="BMJ obituary">{{Cite journal |date=1944 |title=Obituary. Frances Ivens Knowles |journal=[[British Medical Journal]] |volume=1 |pages=308 |doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308 |s2cid=219997063}}</ref> An ba da gado na musamman a kan yanayin cewa ya kamata su kasance a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita.<ref name="Weiner">Weiner, M-F. (2016) ''[http://www.evolve360.co.uk/Data/10/PageLMHS/Bulletin26/weiner.pdf Frances Ivens (1870-1944): the first woman consultant in Liverpool] {{Webarchive}}''.</ref> A nan ta gina babban sashen kula da marasa lafiya na mata. Daga baya aka kuma nada ta likitan girmamawa a asibitin Samariya na Liverpool . A Liverpool ta yi gwagwarmaya don samun karin mata da aka nada a asibiti, kuma ta zama jagora a kungiyar mata ta Arewacin Ingila. Ta kasance mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar sufuri kuma ta kasance shugabar reshen Liverpool na Conservative da Unionist Women's Suffrage Society . == Likita a Royaumont == [[Fayil:The_Scottish_Women's_Hospital_-_in_the_Cloister_of_the_Abbaye_at_Royaumont._Dr._Frances_Ivens_inspecting_a_French_patient._Art.IWMART3090.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Frances Ivens yana binciken sojojin Faransa da suka ji rauni a Royaumont, wanda [[Norah Neilson Gray]] ya zana (1920) ]] A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1914, Ivens ya ba da kansa don yin aiki a Faransa a matsayin shugaban sashin Asibitin Mata na Scotland, wanda aka kafa a Abbaye de Royaumont a karkashin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] na Faransa. Ta ga yakin a matsayin damar nuna abin da mata za su iya cimma a fagen kiwon lafiya. Kafin yaƙin, kamar yadda aikinta ya kasance ga mata da yara, Ivens bai kula da maza ba.<ref name="Weiner">Weiner, M-F. (2016) ''[http://www.evolve360.co.uk/Data/10/PageLMHS/Bulletin26/weiner.pdf Frances Ivens (1870-1944): the first woman consultant in Liverpool] {{Webarchive}}''.</ref> Har ila yau, ba ta da wani kwarewa na kula da wadanda suka mutu a yaƙi, kuma ta karanta ko'ina a kan batun, kamar yadda littattafan da ta ba da gudummawa ga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Liverpool suka nuna. Asibitin ya kula da Faransanci da suka ji rauni daga Yammacin Gabas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2011 |title=The Women of Royaumont – a unique film |url=https://historycompany.co.uk/2011/11/29/the-women-of-royaumont-a-unique-film/ |access-date=3 March 2018 |website=The History Company}}</ref> Kyakkyawan jagorancinta a matsayin Cif da aikin ƙungiyar Sojojin Faransa sun amince da ita.<ref name="BMJ obituary">{{Cite journal |date=1944 |title=Obituary. Frances Ivens Knowles |journal=[[British Medical Journal]] |volume=1 |pages=308 |doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308 |s2cid=219997063}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"Obituary. Frances Ivens Knowles". ''[[British Medical Journal]]''. '''1''': 308. 1944. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308|10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219997063 219997063].</cite></ref> Da farko an buɗe gadaje 100 amma a ƙarshen rikici wannan ya tashi zuwa 600. Ta ci gaba a matsayin likitan likitan har zuwa Fabrairu, 1919, tare da lokacin hutu guda daya kawai a Ingila, wanda ta kashe shi da yawa a cikin lacca don tara kuɗi ga asibitin.<ref name="Crofton" /> A cikin 1917 an buɗe wani asibiti a Villers-Cotterêts, kusa da Yammacin Gabas. A can ta yi aiki a karkashin harbin harsashi a lokacin ci gaban Jamus a watan Maris, 1918, har sai da aka tilasta musu su koma Royaumont.<ref name="Weiner" /> A lokacin yakin Ivens da tawagarta sun kula da marasa lafiya sama da 10,861 ciki har da sojoji 8,752. <ref name=":0" /> Ivens da ta biyu Ruth Nicholson ne suka gudanar da yawancin babban aikin tiyata. Yawan mace-mace mai yawa na 1.82% ya kasance ƙasa da irin waɗannan asibitocin soja. Likitocin Royaumont sun fara sabon tsarin maganin gas gangrene, ta amfani da X-ray da ilmin ƙwayoyin cuta don ganewar asali, sannan aka biyo bayan gyaran tiyata mai yawa na kwayar cutar. Sun kuma sami damar amfani da antiserum da Cibiyar Pasteur ta bayar a Paris.<ref name="Weiner">Weiner, M-F. (2016) ''[http://www.evolve360.co.uk/Data/10/PageLMHS/Bulletin26/weiner.pdf Frances Ivens (1870-1944): the first woman consultant in Liverpool] {{Webarchive}}''.</ref> Ivens ya wallafa asusun binciken a cikin wallafe-wallafen kiwon lafiya, kuma daga baya ya yarda da yadda binciken, musamman a cikin gas gangrene, ya kasance mai fa'ida ga aikinta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ivens |first=Frances |date=19 October 1918 |title=The preventative and curative treatment of gas gangrene by mixed serums |journal=British Medical Journal |volume=2 |issue=3016 |pages=425–427 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.3016.425 |pmc=2341884 |pmid=20769223}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ivens |first=Frances |date=1 May 1917 |title=A study of anaerobic wound infections with an analysis of 107 cases of gas gangrene |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine]] |volume=10 |pages=29–110 |doi=10.1177/003591571701002002 |pmc=2017612 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yawancin janar-janar na Faransa da jami'an gwamnati sun bincika asibitin kuma sun amince da shi, kuma sunansa ya fi yawa saboda jagorancin Ivens.<ref name="Weiner">Weiner, M-F. (2016) ''[http://www.evolve360.co.uk/Data/10/PageLMHS/Bulletin26/weiner.pdf Frances Ivens (1870-1944): the first woman consultant in Liverpool] {{Webarchive}}''.</ref> == Ayyukan bayan yaƙi == Bayan yakin, Ivens ya koma asibiti a Liverpool. Ta kasance tana da hannu sosai wajen sake gina asibitin Maternity, da kuma kafa kungiyar Liverpool Women's Radium League . Ta kuma kasance jagora a kafa asibitin Crofton Recovery Hospital for Women . <ref name="BMJ obituary">{{Cite journal |date=1944 |title=Obituary. Frances Ivens Knowles |journal=[[British Medical Journal]] |volume=1 |pages=308 |doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308 |s2cid=219997063}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"Obituary. Frances Ivens Knowles". ''[[British Medical Journal]]''. '''1''': 308. 1944. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308|10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219997063 219997063].</cite></ref> A wannan lokacin, Ivens ta kasance mai aiki sosai wajen inganta dalilin mata a fannin kiwon lafiya, kuma an zabe ta shugabar kungiyar mata ta likita daga 1924 zuwa 1926. <ref name="Weiner">Weiner, M-F. (2016) ''[http://www.evolve360.co.uk/Data/10/PageLMHS/Bulletin26/weiner.pdf Frances Ivens (1870-1944): the first woman consultant in Liverpool] {{Webarchive}}''.</ref> Bayan 'yan shekaru, ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaba mataimakin shugaban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Liverpool a 1929 <ref name="Weiner" /> lokacin da ta zama mamba mai kafa Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists a wannan shekarar. A lokacin da take da shekaru sittin, ta auri Charles Knowles, yanzu gwauruwa, wanda ta san shi tun daga lokacin dalibai. Sun koma London inda ta ci gaba da aikin ba da shawara har sai da ita da mijinta suka yi ritaya zuwa Truro a Cornwall . Ruth Nicholson wacce ta kasance mataimaki a Royaumont ce ta gaje ta a matsayinta a Liverpool.<ref name=":RCOG">{{Cite web |last=RCOG Heritage Collections |date=21 July 2017 |title=Pioneers: Ruth Nicholson, FRCOG 1931 |url=https://rcogheritage.wordpress.com/2017/07/21/pioneers-ruth-nicholson-frcog-1931/ |access-date=2019-03-20 |website=Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Heritage |language=en}}</ref> Tare da barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] a 1939 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai binciken likita na Red Cross a Cornwall . <ref name="BMJ obituary">{{Cite journal |date=1944 |title=Obituary. Frances Ivens Knowles |journal=[[British Medical Journal]] |volume=1 |pages=308 |doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308 |s2cid=219997063}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"Obituary. Frances Ivens Knowles". ''[[British Medical Journal]]''. '''1''': 308. 1944. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308|10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219997063 219997063].</cite></ref> Ta kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan Royaumont da Villers Cotterêts Association kuma ta kasance shugabar kwamitin Cornwall na Abokan Yakin Faransanci. == Shekaru na baya da mutuwa == Mai magana da harshen Faransanci mai kyau ta ziyarci Faransa a kai a kai inda za ta ziyarci tsoffin marasa lafiya da yawancin wadanda suka ji rauni da ta kula da su a Royaumont sun rubuta mata akai-akai. Ta ci gaba da hulɗa tare da tsoffin ma'aikatan da za su hadu a kowace shekara a abincin dare na shekara-shekara na Royaumont Association . <ref name="Weiner">Weiner, M-F. (2016) ''[http://www.evolve360.co.uk/Data/10/PageLMHS/Bulletin26/weiner.pdf Frances Ivens (1870-1944): the first woman consultant in Liverpool] {{Webarchive}}''.</ref> Ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1944, tana da shekaru 74, a Killagorden, St Clement, Cornwall . <ref name="BMJ obituary">{{Cite journal |date=1944 |title=Obituary. Frances Ivens Knowles |journal=[[British Medical Journal]] |volume=1 |pages=308 |doi=10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308 |s2cid=219997063}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"Obituary. Frances Ivens Knowles". ''[[British Medical Journal]]''. '''1''': 308. 1944. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308|10.1136/bmj.1.4338.308]]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219997063 219997063].</cite></ref> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == Don nuna godiya ga hidimar da ta yi a Royaumont Shugaban Faransa ya yi mata ado da Knight of France's Legion of Honour . [1] A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1918 ta karbi Croix de Guerre tare da dabino, ambaton ya karanta: "... bayan tabbatar, dare da rana, da kula da Faransanci da Allied da suka ji rauni a lokacin da aka sake bombardment a Villers Cotterets a watan Mayu 1918. A kan kusantar abokan gaba ta janye ƙungiyar ta a lokacin ƙarshe zuwa Abbaye de Royaumont inda ta ci gaba da aikinta na ɗan adam tare da cikakkiyar ibada. "[2] An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Médaille d'honneur des épidémies . A shekara ta 1926 an zabe ta mataimakiyar shugaban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Liverpool . Jami'ar Liverpool ta ba ta digiri na girmamawa na Master of Surgery (ChM) a 1926 kuma a wannan shekarar ta zama Kwamandan Order of the British Empire (CBE). [3] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0ve1cpa8i4um7ls1qx7srw7aqzvvfzm 0 143082 888365 803351 2026-07-28T06:40:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Fayil:Marie-Elisa_Nordmann.jpg|thumb|Marie-Élisa Nordmann a cikin 1950]] '''Marie-Élisa Nordmann-Cohen''' (4 ga Nuwamba 1910 - 15 ga Agusta 1993) ta kasance likitan Faransa, mai adawa da Fascist, kuma memba na kwaminisanci na Resistance na Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marie-Elisa Nordmann-Cohen {{!}} Mémoires des déportations 1939-1945 |url=http://memoiresdesdeportations.org/fr/texte/marie-elisa-nordmann-cohen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614163826/http://memoiresdesdeportations.org/fr/texte/marie-elisa-nordmann-cohen |archive-date=2020-06-14 |access-date=2019-05-22 |publisher=memoiresdesdeportations.org |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1993-08-17 |title=Décès de Marie-Elisa Nordmann-Cohen |url=https://www.humanite.fr/node/61623 |access-date=2019-05-22 |publisher=L'Humanité |language=fr}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Marie-Élisa Nordmann daliba ce ta masanin kimiyyar lissafi Paul Langevin, wanda ke kula da karatun digirin digirinsa a ilmin sunadarai kafin yakin. Da farko a shekara ta 1940, ta rarraba wallafe-wallafen sirri daga ƙungiyar adawa ta ilimi [[Université Libré|Jami'ar Libré]] . A wannan lokacin, ta kasance kusa da Faransa Bloch-Sérazin, 'yar Jean-Richard Bloch. A shekara ta 1943 aka kore ta zuwa Auschwitz . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Marie-Élisa NORDMANN, épouse Cohen – 31687 |url=http://www.memoirevive.org/marie-elisa-nordmann-epouse-cohen-31687/ |access-date=2019-05-22 |publisher=www.memoirevive.org |language=fr |archive-date=2020-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125182638/http://www.memoirevive.org/marie-elisa-nordmann-epouse-cohen-31687/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ko da yake ta tsira, Bloch-Sérazin bai tsira ba. Bayan yakin, ta taimaka wajen ganowa kuma ta zama shugabar l'Amicale des anciens déportés d'Auschwitz (The Association of Auschwitz Deportees). Ita da Frédéric Joliot-Curie sun taimaka wajen kafa Hukumar Makamashi da Makamashi ta Atomic ta Faransa, inda ta kasance Sakatariyar Majalisar Kimiyya. Bayan haka, ta yi aiki a Sorbonne, kuma daga baya a Jami'ar Orsay . Ta auri ɗan jarida [[Francis Cohen (journalist)|Francis Cohen]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maitron |first=Jean |last2=Pennetier |first2=Claude |date=2008-10-25 |title=COHEN Marie-Élisa [née NORDMANN Marie-Élisa, épouse RUMPF, puis épouse COHEN] |url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article20277 |access-date=2021-09-08 |publisher=maitron-en-ligne.univ-paris1.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Ta mutu a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta 1993. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vaillant-Couturier |title=Nordmann-Cohen Marie-Elisa {{!}} Mémoires des déportations 1939 - 1945 |url=http://memoiresdesdeportations.org/fr/personne/nordmann-cohen-marie-elisa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615005602/http://memoiresdesdeportations.org/fr/personne/nordmann-cohen-marie-elisa |archive-date=2020-06-15 |access-date=2019-05-22 |publisher=memoiresdesdeportations.org |language=fr}}</ref> 'Yarta Isabelle Cohen ta wallafa wani labari mai suna Marie-Elisa Nordmann a cikin 2024 mai taken Revenir Raconter (Returning Retelling), wanda kafofin watsa labarai na Faransa suka yaba da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2024 |title=Isabelle Cohen, Revenir Raconter, Verdier |url=https://editions-verdier.fr/livre/revenir-raconter/}}</ref> == Daraja == * ''Gicciye na Yaƙi 1939-1945'' * Jami'in Legion of Honor == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910]] pt5jpafd49cchmm4t6kel4noqkzsoxa 0 143198 888452 816068 2026-07-28T11:23:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mary Shawa''' tsohuwar jami'ar gwamnati ce 'yar [[Malawi|ƙasar Malawi]]. Daga shekarar 2004 zuwa 2012, ta kasance Babbar Sakatare a fannin Abinci Mai Gina Jiki, Kanjamau da Kanjamau a Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Yawan Jama'a, sannan kuma ta kasance Babbar Sakatare a Ma'aikatar Jinsi, Yara, Nakasassu da Jin Dadin Jama'a kafin ta yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a shekarar 2018. == Ilimi == Shawa tana da digiri na biyu a fannin abinci mai gina jiki, difloma a fannin noma, digirin digirgir a fannin abinci mai gina jiki da ci gaban tattalin arziki, da kuma difloma ta gaba a fannin ci gaban al'umma da albarkatu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dr Mary Shawa {{!}} Chanasa Chifundo Malawi |url=https://chanasachifundomalawi.org/content/dr-mary-shawa |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=chanasachifundomalawi.org |archive-date=2022-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116193337/https://chanasachifundomalawi.org/content/dr-mary-shawa |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Daily Life interview 2010">{{Cite journal |date=2010-02-24 |title=A Day in the Life of Mary Shawa - Sight and Life sight_life_admin |url=https://sightandlife.org/article/a-day-in-the-life-of-mary-shawa/ |language=en-US |doi=10.52439/MWST8493 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-04-27 |archive-date=2022-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115550/https://sightandlife.org/article/a-day-in-the-life-of-mary-shawa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aiki == A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2004, Shawa ta zama Babbar Sakatariya a fannin Abinci Mai Gina Jiki, HIV da AIDS a Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Yawan Jama'a a [[Malawi]].<ref name="Daily Life interview 2010"/> A shekarar 2005, ta shiga cikin muhawarar jama'a game da shirye-shiryen sauye-sauye ga doka don sanya yaɗuwar cutar HIV da gangan a matsayin laifi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gondwe |first1=Gregory |title=Malawi: The Deliberate Spread of HIV to Be Criminalised |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200501311258.html |access-date=28 April 2022 |work=The Chronicle (Lilongwe) |publisher=[[AllAfrica]] |date=January 31, 2005}}</ref> In 2008, she announced the government decision to replace financial support with food for Malawian civil servants with HIV.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malawi drops HIV cash hand-outs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7667363.stm |access-date=29 April 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=13 October 2008}}</ref> A shekarar 2008, ta sanar da shawarar gwamnati na maye gurbin tallafin kuɗi da abinci ga ma'aikatan gwamnati na Malawi da ke ɗauke da cutar HIV. A watan Yuli na shekarar 2010, ta shiga wani gangamin kiwon lafiyar jama'a tare da sauran shugabannin siyasa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Karan |first=Abraar |last2=Hartford |first2=Emily |last3=Coates |first3=Thomas J. |date=2017 |title=The potential for political leadership in HIV/AIDS communication campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=[[Global Health Action]] |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=2 |doi=10.1080/16549716.2017.1270525 |pmc=5328337 |pmid=28156196}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2012, bayan [[Joyce banda|Joyce Banda]] ta zama shugabar [[Malawi]], an naɗa Shawa a matsayin Babbar Sakatare ta Ma'aikatar Jinsi, Yara, Nakasassu da Jin Daɗin Jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mary Shawa deployed to Ministry of Gender &#124; Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/11/mary-shawa-deployed-to-ministry-of-gender/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413134455/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/11/mary-shawa-deployed-to-ministry-of-gender/ |archive-date=2012-04-13 |access-date=2012-05-27 |publisher=Nyasatimes.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, ta raba ra'ayinta game da musabbabin [[Tashin hankali na gida|tashin hankalin cikin gida]] ga ''[[Muryan Amurka|Muryar Amurka]]'', "Fiye da cin zarafin mata da ake yi wa maza shine hana su haƙƙin aurensu. Wannan tashin hankalin da ake yawan samu ne kuma wannan tashin hankalin shine abin da ke haifar da cin zarafin mata da sauransu." A shekarar 2016, ta yi kira da a ƙara mai da hankali kan abinci mai gina jiki ga yara. A lokacin mulkinta, ita ma tana da alhakin lafiya da amincin mutanen da ke fama da [[Zabaya|cutar zabiya]]. Duk da shaidar kasuwar sassan jiki da ke haifar da kisan 'yan Malawi masu cutar zabiya, Shawa ta ce binciken ma'aikatar ya nuna cewa babu kasuwa, kuma mutanen da ke ƙoƙarin neman kasuwa za su sami jami'an 'yan sanda na ɓoye. Bayan ta yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni 2018, ta ci gaba da zama shugabar girmamawa ta ƙungiyar agaji ta Chifundo & Chinasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mary Shawa deployed to Ministry of Gender &#124; Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/11/mary-shawa-deployed-to-ministry-of-gender/ |url-status=dead |publisher=Nyasatimes.com |accessdate=2012-05-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413134455/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/11/mary-shawa-deployed-to-ministry-of-gender/ |archivedate=2012-04-13}}</ref><ref name="Smith 2012">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Alex Duval |title=Malawi shifts focus to nutrition and new crops to tackle food crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/sep/20/malawi-focus-nutrition-crops-food-crisis |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=20 September 2012 |access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref> Shawa ya yi kira ga 'yan Malawi da su zaɓi ɗan takara mai tsoron Allah a babban zaɓen Malawi na shekarar 2019. A shekarar 2021 tana aiki a matsayin babbar ƙwararriyar a fannin lafiyar jama'a a Plan International Malawi. === Littattafai da aka zaɓa === * [https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(10)62303-3/fulltext ''Rigakafin yaɗuwar cutar HIV daga uwa zuwa jariri da kuma manufofin ci gaban ƙarni da suka shafi lafiya: lokaci ya yi da za a ɗauki matakin kula da lafiyar jama'a''], The Lancet, 16 ga watan Yuli, 2011, DOI: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62303-3</nowiki> (marubucin tare da wasu mutane 17) * ''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4584766/ Yaɗuwar Cin Zarafin Jima'i a Kan Yara da Amfani da Ayyukan Jin Daɗi—Ƙasashe Bakwai, 2007–2013]'', Rahoton Mako-mako na Cututtuka da Mutuwa, 2015 Yuni 5 (marubucin tare da wasu 18) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] eln730vhxb7x3ra19c0nc9apxa3e7av 0 144743 888410 807637 2026-07-28T10:25:01Z BnHamid 12586 888410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alison Mary Smith''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1954) masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Burtaniya. Ita ce Shugabar Shirin Dabarun a Cibiyar John Innes a Norwich kuma Farfesa mai daraja a Jami'ar East Anglia (UEA) a Burtaniya.<ref name="plantbiology">{{Cite book|last2=George Coupland}}</ref> == Ilimi == Smith ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Cambridge inda aka ba ta PhD a 1978 don bincike game da tasirin Anaerobiosis akan metabolism na shuka. == Bincike == Smith yana nazarin metabolism a cikin tsire-tsire na starch da sucrose - samfuran carbohydrate na [[photosynthesis]] wanda ke samar da tsire-shuke. Binciken da ta yi ya gano Hanyoyin metabolism da ke da alhakin kira da lalacewar ƙwayoyin starch a cikin tsire-tsire. Ta nuna cewa waɗannan matakai a cikin ganye suna ƙarƙashin iko mai rikitarwa ta agogo na circadian a cikin [[Tsarin rana|zagaye na rana da dare]], tabbatar da kasancewar carbohydrate don man fetur metabolism a cikin dare. Yanzu ta mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin da ke haifar da wannan iko, da kuma hanyar da aka haɗa wadatar carbohydrate tare da wasu hanyoyin bayanai don ƙayyade ƙimar da alamu na girma da ci gaba a cikin shuke-shuke.<ref name="frs">{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2016 |title=Professor Alison M. Smith OBE FRS |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/alison-msmith12897/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429121506/https://royalsociety.org/people/alison-msmith12897/ |archive-date=2016-04-29 |publisher=[[Royal Society]]}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{Blockquote|"All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]." --{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |access-date=2016-03-09 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archive-date=2015-09-25 }}}}</ref><ref name="TomlinsonCraig1997">{{Cite journal |last=Tomlinson |first=Kim |last2=Craig |first2=Josephine |last3=Smith |first3=Alison M. |year=1997 |title=Major differences in isoform composition of starch synthase between leaves and embryos of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) |journal=[[Planta (journal)|Planta]] |volume=204 |issue=1 |pages=86–92 |bibcode=1997Plant.204...86T |doi=10.1007/s004250050233 |s2cid=44192448}}</ref> Smith tana amfani da bayanai daga karatun ta na asali don bincika jujjuyawar starch a cikin shuke-shuke. Binciken da ake yi a yanzu game da kira na starch a cikin hatsi yana da damar kara yawan amfanin gona, da kuma canza muhimman kayan aiki da abinci mai gina jiki na gari.[1] Har ila yau, dakin gwaje-gwaje na ta yana binciken kwayar halitta, kwayoyin halitta da kwayar halitta na lalacewar starch a cikin ganye da gabobin ajiya, da kuma yadda wannan ke daidaitawa tare da ci gaban shuka, tsiro da tsiro.[2] Tare da George Coupland, Liam Dolan, Nicholas Harberd, Jonathan D. G. Jones, [[Cathie Martin]], Robert Sablowski da Abigail Amey, Alison marubuciya ce ta littafin Plant Biology . <ref name="plantbiology">{{Cite book|last2=George Coupland}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == An nada Smith a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) don hidimomi don shuka ilmin sunadarai a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar shekara ta 2006. <ref name="obe">{{London Gazette|issue=58014|date=17 June 2006|page=12|supp=y}}</ref> An zabe ta a matsayin abokiyar Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 2016. <ref name="frs">{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2016 |title=Professor Alison M. Smith OBE FRS |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/alison-msmith12897/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429121506/https://royalsociety.org/people/alison-msmith12897/ |archive-date=2016-04-29 |publisher=[[Royal Society]]}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{Blockquote|"All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]." --{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |access-date=2016-03-09 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archive-date=2015-09-25 }}}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Alison Smith 'yar majagaba ce ta [[Ilimin halittu na kiyayewa|kiyayewa]] Ted Smith (1920-2015) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ted Smith {{!}} Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust |url=https://www.lincstrust.org.uk/what-we-do/about/ted-smith |access-date=2019-03-07 |website=www.lincstrust.org.uk}}</ref> kuma 'yar'uwar Masanin ilimin arachnologist Dr Helen Smith. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Ouse headquarters project profile |url=http://www.lohp.org.uk/sites/default/files/about/Trustees/Helen_mini-profile.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308003041/http://www.lohp.org.uk/sites/default/files/about/Trustees/Helen_mini-profile.pdf |archive-date=8 March 2019 |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rccjiamyx3sg0gxdpn1m8q7mprt6rfc 0 150141 888384 836483 2026-07-28T09:28:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888384 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}'''Martha Mzomera Ngwira''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party ta Malawian ta Mzimba Hora . Ta zama memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a shekarar 2019 kuma an nada ta Mataimakin Ministan Ilimi. Ta zama Mataimakin Ministan Jima'i, Yara, Naƙasasshi da Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a bayan zaben 2025. == Rayuwa == Ofishin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ne ya kama mijinta Christopher Ngwira a shekarar 2018.<ref name="release">{{Cite web |last=In-Chief |first=Editor |date=2022-05-09 |title=Mzomera Ngwira Released From Prison |url=https://shiretimes.com/mzomera-ngwira-released-from-prison/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Shire Times |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bai iya tsayawa a zaben 2019 ba saboda Kotun Koli ta ayyana shi a matsayin mai fatara.<ref name="dpppicks">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-13 |title=DPP has three candidates in Mzimba Hora |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/dpp-has-three-candidates-in-mzimba-hora-c/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 2019 an zabi Henry Mumba a matsayin dan takarar DPP don wakiltar Mzimba Hora amma an janye sunansa kuma an zaɓi Martha Mzomera Ngwira.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-11 |title=DPP withdraws Mumba, replaces Mzomera with his wife as parliamentary candidate |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/dpp-withdraws-mumba-replaces-mzomera-with-his-wife-as-parliamentary-candidate/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Koyaya hukumar zaɓe ba za ta ba da izinin janye sunan Mumba don haka DPP tana da 'yan takara fiye da ɗaya ba, amma sun fi son Martha.<ref name="dpppicks" /> An zabe ta kuma a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019 ta shiga tawagar da uwargidan shugaban kasa, Gertrude Mutharika ta jagoranta zuwa kasar Sin. An riga an nada Ngwira a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Ilimi.<ref name="china">{{Cite web |title=Malawi First Lady Gertrude Mutharika visits PKUHSC |url=https://newsen.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/global/9367.html |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=newsen.pku.edu.cn}}</ref> Ta damu da yawan 'yan mata da suka bar makaranta don samun jarirai ko yin aure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitumba |first=Flora |date=2019-07-30 |title=School Drop Out Among Girls Concerns Minister |url=https://www.faceofmalawi.com/2019/07/30/school-drop-out-among-girls-concerns-minister/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Oktoba 2020, ita da ɗanta suna kotun majistare ta Mzimba lokacin da aka yanke wa mijinta hukuncin shekaru huɗu, tare da aiki tuƙuru, saboda rashin amfani da kudaden jama'a. Ya ba da kwangila don gina wasu gidaje ga malamai, amma kwangilar ba ta ba da kyauta ba. Mijinta ya so ya daukaka kara game da hukuncin amma an soke belinsa kuma an dauke shi da hannaye daga kotu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-17 |title=Mzomera appeals conviction and sentence to High Court - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/mzomera-appeals-conviction-and-sentence-to-high-court/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> An sake shi a shekara ta 2002 a kan roko. Alkalin daukaka kara ya amince da hukuncin da aka yanke masa don ƙirƙirar takardun banki amma an dauki hukuncin da ya yi tsanani sosai.<ref name="release" /> Ngwira ta shiga Kungiyar Mata ta Majalisar Dokokin Malawi wacce Roseby Gadama ke jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PWC Home – PWC Malawi |url=https://pwcmalawi.org/pwc-home/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241231001239/https://pwcmalawi.org/pwc-home/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shugaba Peter Mutharika ne ya nada ta a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Jima'i, Yara, Naƙasa da Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2025. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata shida a cikin majalisa na 24 kuma wannan ƙarancin kashi ya haifar da wasu zargi ga Shugaban kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-31 |title=Mutharika's “New” Cabinet Draws Ire: Bloated, Regionally Skewed, and Breaking Key Promises |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/mutharikas-new-cabinet-draws-ire-bloated-regionally-skewed-and-breaking-key-promises/ |access-date=2025-10-31 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0cc6b5r1pmrsvbe5udfd73ev6wvujuu 0 150272 888351 862250 2026-07-28T03:01:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888351 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Kouadio Manu Koné (2019-08-31) (cropped).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Manu Koné | hoto = Manu Kone 2023.jpg | cikakken_suna = Emmanuel Kouadio Koné | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|2001|5|17}} | wurin_haihuwa = Colombes, Faransa | tsawo = 1.85 m | matsayi = Dan wasan tsakiya | kulob_na_yanzu = Roma | lamba = 17 | matasa_shekaru1 = 2007–2013 | matasa_kulob1 = Villeneuve-la-Garenne | matasa_shekaru2 = 2013–2020 | matasa_kulob2 = Toulouse | shekaru1 = 2020–2021 | kulob1 = Toulouse | wasa1 = 35 | kwallaye1 = 1 | shekaru2 = 2021–2024 | kulob2 = Borussia Mönchengladbach | wasa2 = 79 | kwallaye2 = 2 | shekaru3 = 2024– | kulob3 = Roma | wasa3 = 0 | kwallaye3 = 0 | shekarun_kasa1 = 2019 | kungiyar_kasa1 = Faransa U19 | wasa_kasa1 = 9 | kwallaye_kasa1 = 0 | shekarun_kasa2 = 2021–2023 | kungiyar_kasa2 = Faransa U21 | wasa_kasa2 = 13 | kwallaye_kasa2 = 1 | shekarun_kasa3 = 2024– | kungiyar_kasa3 = Faransa | wasa_kasa3 = 5 | kwallaye_kasa3 = 0 }} '''Emmanuel Kouadio Koné''' (an haife shi ranar 17 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2001), wanda aka fi sani da '''Manu Koné''', ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Faransa wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar [[AS Roma]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar Faransa. Ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matasan 'yan wasan tsakiya na Turai saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen riƙe ƙwallo, wuce abokan hamayya da kuma taimakawa wajen gina hari daga tsakiya.<ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/manu-kone/profil/spieler/543499</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Manu Koné a garin Colombes da ke ƙasar Faransa. Yana da asalin ƙasar Côte d’Ivoire. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ya fara buga wasa a ƙananan kungiyoyin yankinsa kafin daga baya ya shiga makarantar horaswa ta ƙungiyar Toulouse. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin matasan da suka fi nuna bajinta a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kungiyar.<ref>https://www.ligue1.com/player?id=emmanuel-kouadio-kone</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Toulouse === Koné ya fara taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar Toulouse a shekarar 2020 bayan ya fito daga tsarin matasa na kulob ɗin. Ya fara jan hankali ne saboda yadda yake iya kare ƙwallo tare da kai hari cikin sauri. Duk da cewa Toulouse ta fuskanci ƙalubale a lokacin, Manu Koné ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fi haskakawa a ƙungiyar.<ref>https://www.toulousefc.com/fr/joueur/emmanuel-kone{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2020–21, ya buga wasanni masu yawa a Ligue 2 kuma ya taimaka wa Toulouse wajen fafutukar neman dawowa babban gasar Ligue 1. Salon wasansa ya sa manyan kulob din Turai suka fara bibiyarsa saboda ƙwarewarsa a tsakiya.<ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/FootballFicheJoueur70173.html</ref> === Borussia Mönchengladbach === A shekarar 2021, ƙungiyar [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]] ta Jamus ta ɗauki Manu Koné daga Toulouse. Canjin nasa zuwa Bundesliga ya kasance babban mataki a rayuwarsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ya samu damar taka leda a ɗaya daga cikin manyan lig-lig na Turai.<ref>https://www.borussia.de/en/team/squad/manu-kone</ref> A cikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan, Koné ya zama muhimmin ɗan wasa a tsakiyar fili ga Borussia Mönchengladbach. Ya yi suna wajen iya kwace ƙwallo, tura ƙwallaye zuwa gaba, da kuma iya fita daga matsin lamba yayin da yake rike da ƙwallo. Masana da dama sun yaba da kwarin jikinsa da natsuwar da yake nunawa duk da ƙarancin shekarunsa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/manu-kone |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-05-10 |archive-date=2024-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915144951/https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/manu-kone |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wasu lokuta, raunin jiki ya hana shi buga wasu wasanni, amma duk da haka ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan ƙungiyar. Ya taka rawa sosai wajen gina hare-haren kungiyar daga tsakiya kuma ya kasance ginshiƙi a tsarin wasan kulob ɗin.<ref>https://www.kicker.de/manu-kone/spieler/bundesliga</ref> === Roma === A shekarar 2024, Koné ya koma ƙungiyar [[AS Roma]] ta Italiya domin ci gaba da bunƙasa aikinsa a Serie A. Wannan canji ya nuna yadda darajarsa ke ƙaruwa a kasuwar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai. Roma ta ɗauke shi ne domin ƙarfafa tsakiya da kuma ƙara kuzari ga tsarin wasanta.<ref>https://www.asroma.com/en/news</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Manu Koné ya wakilci Faransa a matakan matasa daban-daban ciki har da tawagar 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 19 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 21. A wasannin matasa, ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai wajen sarrafa tsakiya da kuma taimakawa wajen kare baya da kai hari.<ref>https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9778-kone-emmanuel/fiche.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Saboda bajintarsa a Bundesliga, ya samu kiran shiga babbar tawagar ƙasar Faransa. Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da za su taimaka wajen sabunta tsakiyar tawagar Faransa a nan gaba.<ref>https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231109-france-call-up-gladbach-midfielder-kone-for-gibraltar-greece-games</ref> == Salon wasa == Manu Koné yana taka leda ne a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai haɗa kai tsakanin tsaro da hari. Yana da ƙarfi wajen riƙe ƙwallo da kuma kauce wa matsin lamba daga abokan hamayya. Haka kuma yana iya taka rawa wajen kare baya ta hanyar kwace ƙwallo da dakile hare-hare.<ref>https://totalfootballanalysis.com/player-analysis/manu-kone-at-borussia-monchengladbach-2023-scout-report-tactical-analysis-tactics{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ana yawan kwatanta salon wasansa da wasu manyan 'yan wasan tsakiya na Turai saboda yadda yake iya tafiyar da ƙwallo cikin sauri daga tsakiya zuwa gaba. Ƙwarewarsa wajen dribbling da kuma daidaita wasan tsakiya sun sanya ya zama ɗan wasa mai muhimmanci a kowace ƙungiya da yake bugawa.<ref>https://breakingthelines.com/player-analysis/manu-kone-scout-report/{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nasarori == === Toulouse * Wanda ya kai wasan neman hawa Ligue 1: 2020–21 === Faransa U23 * Lambar azurfa a gasar Olympics: 2024 == Manazarta == {{Manazarta}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/manu-kone/profil/spieler/543499 Manu Koné a Transfermarkt] * [https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/manu-kone Manu Koné a Bundesliga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915144951/https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/manu-kone |date=2024-09-15 }} * [https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9778-kone-emmanuel/fiche.html Manu Koné a FFF]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kone, Manu}} [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Faransa]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka haifa a 2001]] [[Category:Yan wasan AS Roma]] [[Category:Yan wasan Borussia Mönchengladbach]] [[Category:Yan wasan Toulouse FC]] [[Category:Yan wasan Bundesliga]] [[Category:Yan wasan Serie A]] [[Category:Masu buga wasan tsakiya]] 2ifwl5zwet30czy8bh2y7hhymi0a3eg 0 150552 888355 862338 2026-07-28T04:09:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Marco Verratti 2015.png|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Marco Verratti | hoto = Marco Verratti 2021.jpg | cikakken_suna = Marco Verratti | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1992|11|5}} | wurin_haihuwa = Pescara, Italiya | tsawo = 1.65 m | matsayi = Dan wasan tsakiya | kungiyar_yanzu = Al-Arabi | lamba = 7 | kungiyar_matasa1 = Manoppello Arabona | shekaru1 = 2008–2012 | kungiya1 = Pescara | wasa1 = 74 | kwallaye1 = 2 | shekaru2 = 2012–2023 | kungiya2 = Paris Saint-Germain | wasa2 = 276 | kwallaye2 = 11 | shekaru3 = 2023– | kungiya3 = Al-Arabi | wasa3 = 0 | kwallaye3 = 0 | shekaru_tawaga1 = 2012–2023 | tawaga1 = Italiya | wasa_tawaga1 = 55 | kwallaye_tawaga1 = 3 }} '''Marco Verratti''' (an haife shi ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba, 1992) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Italiya wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya shahara saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo, bayar da gajerun pass masu inganci, da kuma iya riƙe ƙwallo a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan tsakiya na ƙarni na zamani.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/marco-verratti/profil/spieler/102558|title=Marco Verratti Profile|website=Transfermarkt|access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Marco Verratti a garin Pescara da ke ƙasar Italiya. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha'awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya fara taka leda a ƙungiyoyin yara na yankinsu. Salon wasansa ya samo asali ne daga irin ƙananan 'yan wasan tsakiya masu iya sarrafa wasa da rarraba ƙwallaye cikin natsuwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marco-Verratti|title=Marco Verratti Biography|website=Britannica|access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aikin ƙungiya == === Pescara === Verratti ya fara taka leda a matakin ƙwararru tare da ƙungiyar [[Pescara Calcio]]. Ya fara jan hankali ne bayan rawar da ya taka wajen taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta samu hawa zuwa gasar Serie A a kakar 2011–12. A wannan lokacin ya nuna bajintarsa wajen sarrafa wasan tsakiya duk da ƙarancin shekarunsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/marco-verratti/leistungsdatenverein/spieler/102558|title=Marco Verratti Club Statistics|website=Transfermarkt|access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> === Paris Saint-Germain === A shekarar 2012, Verratti ya koma ƙungiyar [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] ta Faransa. A PSG ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman 'yan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar tare da taimaka musu lashe kofuna da dama na Ligue 1, Coupe de France da sauran gasa na cikin gida. Ya yi wasa tare da manyan taurari kamar [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]], [[Neymar]], [[Kylian Mbappé]] da [[Lionel Messi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/effectif/marco-verratti|title=Marco Verratti PSG Profile|website=Paris Saint-Germain Official Website|access-date=11 Mayu 2026|archive-date=2021-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607033312/https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/effectif/marco-verratti|url-status=dead}}</ref> A tsawon shekarunsa a PSG, Verratti ya samu yabo daga masu sharhi saboda iya kare ƙwallo, yin tackling, da kuma ƙwarewar rarraba wasa daga tsakiya. Duk da ƙarancin tsawonsa, yana da ƙarfin jiki da fasaha wajen kubuta daga matsin lamba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/player/marco-verratti|title=Marco Verratti Player Profile|website=Goal.com|access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> === Al-Arabi === A shekarar 2023, Verratti ya bar PSG bayan shekaru masu yawa a ƙungiyar sannan ya koma [[Al-Arabi SC]] ta ƙasar Qatar. Canjin nasa ya jawo cece-kuce a duniyar ƙwallon ƙafa saboda matsayinsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan tsakiya na Turai.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alarabi.qa/football/first-team|title=Al-Arabi First Team|website=Al-Arabi SC|access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Verratti ya fara bugawa tawagar ƙasar Italiya wasa a shekarar 2012. Ya wakilci ƙasar a gasanni daban-daban da suka haɗa da UEFA Euro da FIFA World Cup. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a lokacin da Italiya ta lashe gasar UEFA Euro 2020 bayan doke Ingila a wasan ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/players/250040927--marco-verratti/|title=Marco Verratti UEFA Profile|website=UEFA|access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Duk da fama da raunuka a wasu lokuta, Verratti ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan tsakiya na Italiya saboda ƙwarewarsa da gogewarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/players/marco-verratti|title=Marco Verratti FIFA Profile|website=FIFA|access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Marco Verratti ya shahara wajen riƙe ƙwallo da yin pass cikin sauri da daidaito. Sau da yawa ana kwatanta shi da fitattun 'yan wasan tsakiya irin su [[Andrea Pirlo]] da [[Xavi]]. Yana taka rawa wajen fara gina hari daga baya tare da taimakawa wajen kare ƙungiya idan an rasa ƙwallo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2017/08/31/marco-verratti-the-little-genius-of-italian-football/|title=Marco Verratti: The little genius of Italian football|website=These Football Times|access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nasarori == === Pescara === * Serie B: 2011–12<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/italy/pescara-calcio/1245/|title=Pescara History|website=Soccerway|access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> === Paris Saint-Germain === * Ligue 1 sau da dama * Coupe de France * Coupe de la Ligue * Trophée des Champions<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/effectif/marco-verratti|title=Marco Verratti Honours|website=PSG Official Website|access-date=11 Mayu 2026|archive-date=2021-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607033312/https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/effectif/marco-verratti|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Italiya === * UEFA Euro 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/seasons/2020/|title=UEFA Euro 2020|website=UEFA|access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * {{Official website}} * {{Soccerbase}} * {{Transfermarkt}} * {{Instagram}} {{Tawagar Italiya a Gasar UEFA Euro 2020}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Verratti, Marco}} [[Category:1992 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Italian footballers]] [[Category:Italy international footballers]] [[Category:Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players]] [[Category:Pescara Calcio players]] [[Category:Al-Arabi SC players]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:People from Pescara]] a6hwjiha572zcyfqnqf9ft4gxzyd0gu 0 150586 888440 834208 2026-07-28T10:43:49Z BnHamid 12586 888440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sergio Gómez Martín''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Satumba 2000) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin left-back ko wing-back a ƙungiyar Real Sociedad. An san shi da saurin gudu, ƙwarewar dribbling da kuma iya kai hare-hare daga gefe.<ref>Manchester City Official Profile</ref> == Farkon Rayuwa == Sergio Gómez ya taso ne a Badalona, wani gari a yankin Catalonia na ƙasar Spain. Tun yana ƙarami ya fara nuna sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ya shiga ƙananan ƙungiyoyin matasa kafin daga baya ya koma tsarin horar da matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia.<ref>La Masia Youth Development Records</ref> A La Masia, Gómez ya koyi dabarun wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani, musamman yadda ake sarrafa ƙwallo da gina kai hari daga baya. Wannan horo ya taimaka masa wajen zama ɗan wasa mai cikakken fahimtar wasan tsakiya da na gefe. == Aikin Kulob == === Barcelona B da Komawa Dortmund === Sergio Gómez ya fara buga wasa a matakin manya tare da Barcelona B. Daga nan ya fara jan hankalin ƙungiyoyin waje saboda bajintarsa. A shekarar 2018, ya koma Borussia Dortmund, inda ya ci gaba da haɓaka ƙwarewarsa.<ref>Bundesliga Player Development Reports</ref> A Dortmund, duk da cewa bai samu damar zama ɗan wasa na farko ba sosai, ya samu horo mai zurfi a tsarin wasan Jamus, wanda ya ƙara masa ƙwarewa a fannin tsaro da kai hari. === Komawa Spain da Huesca === Daga baya, Gómez ya koma Spain inda ya taka leda a SD Huesca a matsayin aro. A nan ne ya fara samun damar buga wasa akai-akai a La Liga, inda ya nuna ƙwarewa a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe mai kai hari da kuma kare gida.<ref>La Liga Match Reports</ref> === Anderlecht === A shekarar 2021, ya koma RSC Anderlecht na Belgium. A nan ya samu damar zama ɗan wasa na farko kuma ya zura kwallaye da dama, tare da yin taimako (assists) masu yawa. Wannan lokaci ya kasance muhimmi wajen ɗaukakar aikinsa.<ref>Belgian Pro League Statistics</ref> === Manchester City === A shekarar 2022, Sergio Gómez ya koma Manchester City. A nan ya kasance ƙarƙashin horon Pep Guardiola, wanda ya fi amfani da shi a matsayin left-back mai shiga kai hari. Duk da cewa yana samun gasa mai tsanani, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasanni da dama na ƙungiyar.<ref>Manchester City Season Review</ref> === Real Sociedad === Daga baya ya koma Real Sociedad domin samun ƙarin damar wasa a matakin farko. A nan ya ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewa a La Liga, yana taimakawa ƙungiyarsa a kai hari da kuma kare gida. == Salon Wasa == Sergio Gómez yana taka rawa a matsayin left-back ko wing-back. Salon wasansa ya haɗa da: * Saurin gudu a gefen fili * Kyakkyawan dribbling * Iya yin crosses masu inganci * Fahimtar dabarun tsaro da kai hari Masu sharhi sun bayyana shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mai “modern full-back” wanda zai iya taka rawa a tsaro da kai hari cikin sauƙi.<ref>UEFA Tactical Analysis Reports</ref> == Rayuwa ta Keɓe == Sergio Gómez mutum ne mai nutsuwa wanda ke mai da hankali sosai kan aikinsa. Ba ya yawan bayyana rayuwarsa ta sirri a kafafen sada zumunta, kuma yana mai da hankali kan ci gaban aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa. == Manazarta == <references /> agy210stt36r88lk0wdyd0lk39it4q4 0 150589 888424 834212 2026-07-28T10:35:51Z BnHamid 12586 888424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Julen Agirrezabala''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin golan raga ga ƙungiyar :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} ta Athletic Bilbao. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen tsayawa kai hari da kuma saurin amsawa a cikin akwatin bugun fanareti.<ref name="bio1">Bayanan tarihin ɗan wasa daga bayanan kulob da kafafen wasanni</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Julen Agirrezabala a birnin San Sebastián, a yankin Basque na ƙasar Spain. Ya fara sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami, inda ya fara buga wasa a ƙananan kungiyoyin yankinsa kafin daga baya ya shiga tsarin horar da matasa na kulob.<ref name="early1">Rahotanni kan ci gaban matasa a Basque football academies</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Athletic Bilbao === Agirrezabala ya shiga tsarin matasan Athletic Bilbao inda ya ci gaba da nuna hazaka a matsayin golan raga. Daga baya ya samu damar buga wasa a ƙungiyar ajiyar kulob ɗin kafin a ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban tawaga. A wasu lokuta, ya kasance madadin golan farko amma yana samun dama a wasannin gasar La Liga da kofuna.<ref name="club1">Rahoton kulob na Athletic Bilbao game da ci gaban ‘yan wasa</ref> === Damar zama golan farko === A lokacin da manyan golan kulob ɗin ke jinya ko kuma ana ba su hutu, Agirrezabala ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare ragar ƙungiyar. Wannan ya taimaka wajen ƙara masa gogewa a matakin ƙwararru.<ref name="club2">Binciken wasannin La Liga da rawar golan a kulob</ref> == Aikin ƙasa (National team) == Julen Agirrezabala ya taba kasancewa cikin jerin ‘yan wasan matasa na Spain a matakan U21, inda yake wakiltar ƙasarsa a wasannin matasa na Turai. Wannan ya nuna irin dogon buri da ake da shi a gare shi a matsayin golan gaba.<ref name="intl1">Rahotannin tawagar Spain U21</ref> == Salon wasa == Agirrezabala yana da salon wasa mai dogaro da saurin amsawa, iya sarrafa kwallon da ƙafafu, da kuma tsayawa daidai a lokutan bugun fanareti. Hakan ya sa ake kallonsa a matsayin golan zamani wanda ke taimakawa wajen fara kai hari daga baya.<ref name="style1">Nazarin fasahar golan zamani a La Liga</ref> == Nasarori == * Cin gasa a matakin matasa tare da Athletic Bilbao (academy level) * Kasancewa cikin tawagar Spain U21 * Taka leda a La Liga da Copa del Rey<ref name="honor1">Bayanan nasarori daga tarihin kulob</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} rx6clwj8dw9m99xvvld8js9mrrodsi3 0 150981 888400 835216 2026-07-28T10:17:33Z BnHamid 12586 888400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Servet in national team (11.08.2010).JPG|thumb]] '''Servet Çetin''' (an haife shi ranar 17 ga Maris, 1981) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Turkiyya wanda ya yi fice a matsayin mai tsaron baya. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun masu tsaron baya a ƙwallon ƙafar Turkiyya saboda ƙarfinsa, tsayinsa, da salon kare gida mai tsauri. Bayan ritayarsa daga buga wasa, ya shiga harkar horaswa kuma ya zama koci a wasu kungiyoyin Turkiyya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servet_%C3%87etin|title=Servet Çetin|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Servet Çetin a garin Tuzluca da ke lardin Iğdır a ƙasar Turkiyya. Ya fara harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami inda ya shiga makarantar horaswa ta kulob din Kartalspor. Tun daga lokacin ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a bangaren tsaro wanda hakan ya sa aka fara sa ido a kansa daga manyan kungiyoyi a Turkiyya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballtop.com/players/servet-cetin|title=Servet Çetin Biography|website=FootballTop}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Servet Çetin ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin ƙwararru tare da Kartalspor kafin daga bisani ya koma Göztepe a shekarar 2001. A Göztepe ya samu damar bayyana kansa a gasar Super Lig ta Turkiyya. Daga baya ya koma Denizlispor inda ya kara yin suna saboda bajintarsa a gasannin Turai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servet_%C3%87etin|title=Servet Çetin|website=Wikipedia Español}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, kungiyar Fenerbahçe ta dauke shi domin ƙarfafa bangaren tsaronta. Duk da fama da wasu raunuka a farkon zamansa, daga baya ya zama muhimmin ɗan wasa a kungiyar. Ya taimaka wa Fenerbahçe wajen lashe kofin Süper Lig sau biyu a shekarun 2004 da 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servet_%C3%87etin|title=Servet Çetin|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> Bayan zamansa a Fenerbahçe, ya koma Sivasspor na ɗan lokaci kafin daga baya ya rattaba hannu a Galatasaray a shekarar 2007. A Galatasaray ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ginshikan tsaron kungiyar kuma ya taimaka wajen lashe gasar Süper Lig ta shekarar 2007–08. Masoya kungiyar sun yaba da jarumtarsa da kuma salon wasa mai ƙarfi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballtop.com/players/servet-cetin|title=Servet Çetin Biography|website=FootballTop}}</ref> Daga baya ya ci gaba da taka leda a Eskişehirspor da kuma Mersin İdman Yurdu kafin ya sanar da ritayarsa daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/servet-cetin/profil/trainer/50948|title=Servet Çetin Manager Profile|website=Transfermarkt}}</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Servet Çetin ya wakilci ƙasar Turkiyya a matakai daban-daban tun daga ƙungiyoyin matasa har zuwa babbar tawagar ƙasa. Ya fara bugawa babbar tawagar Turkiyya wasa a shekarar 2003 a wasan sada zumunci da Czech Republic. Ya buga wasanni 59 tare da tawagar ƙasar kuma ya ci ƙwallaye uku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servet_%C3%87etin|title=Servet Çetin|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> Ya kasance cikin tawagar Turkiyya da ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe a gasar UEFA Euro 2008. Duk da cewa ya fuskanci raunuka a lokacin gasar, ya nuna jajircewa sosai wajen ci gaba da taka leda, lamarin da ya sa aka yi masa laƙabi da “Bionic Servet” da kuma “Terminator Servet”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servet_%C3%87etin|title=Servet Çetin Playing Style|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Salon wasa == An san Servet Çetin da ƙarfi sosai a cikin wasan sama da kuma iya katse hare-haren abokan hamayya. Tsayinsa da ƙarfin jikinsa sun sa ya kasance mai wahalar wucewa ga 'yan wasan gaba. Haka kuma yana da jarumtaka wajen taka leda duk da raunuka masu tsanani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servet_%C3%87etin|title=Servet Çetin Playing Style|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Aikin horaswa == Bayan ritayarsa daga wasa, Servet Çetin ya shiga aikin horaswa inda ya fara a matsayin mataimakin koci a Trabzonspor da Konyaspor. Daga baya ya yi aiki tare da Sivasspor kafin a nada shi babban kocin kungiyar a shekarar 2023. Daga baya kuma ya ci gaba da aikin horaswa a wasu kungiyoyin Turkiyya ciki har da Amedspor da Sarıyer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/servet-cetin/profil/trainer/50948|title=Servet Çetin Manager Profile|website=Transfermarkt}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Fenerbahçe === * Süper Lig: 2003–04, 2004–05 === Galatasaray === * Süper Lig: 2007–08, 2011–12 * Turkish Super Cup: 2008 === Turkiyya === * Matsayi na uku a FIFA Confederations Cup: 2003 * Matsayi na uku a UEFA Euro: 2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servet_%C3%87etin|title=Servet Çetin Honours|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servet_%C3%87etin Servet Çetin a Wikipedia] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/servet-cetin/profil/trainer/50948 Servet Çetin a Transfermarkt] n7qy136e32udulbjdeytqotpgkud5m1 0 151114 888444 835618 2026-07-28T10:46:04Z BnHamid 12586 888444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hami Mandıralı.JPG|thumb]] '''Hami Mandıralı''' (an haife shi ranar 20 ga Yulin 1968) tsohon ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma mai horaswa daga ƙasar [[Turkiyya]]. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya a shekarun 1990, musamman saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen bugun fanareti da bugun daga nesa. Ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa ta wasa a ƙungiyar [[Trabzonspor]], inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu zura ƙwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hami_Mand%C4%B1ral%C4%B1 |title=Hami Mandıralı |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Hami Mandıralı a garin Arsin da ke lardin Trabzon na ƙasar Turkiyya. Tun yana ƙarami ya fara sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma yana da shekara goma ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta Trabzonspor. Daga baya ya ci gaba da tasowa a ƙungiyar har ya samu damar buga wasansa na farko a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan wasa yana da shekara 17.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/hami-mandirali/profil/spieler/84880 |title=Hami Mandıralı - Player profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aikin ƙungiya == Mandıralı ya fara taka leda a babban tawagar Trabzonspor a shekarar 1985. Cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan gaba a Turkiyya saboda ƙarfin harbinsa da iya cin ƙwallaye daga nesa. Ya zura ƙwallaye masu yawa a gasar Süper Lig ta Turkiyya kuma ya taimaka wa Trabzonspor wajen lashe kofunan cikin gida.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hami_Mand%C4%B1ral%C4%B1 |title=Hami Mandıralı |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> An fi saninsa musamman da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, inda yake harba ƙwallo da ƙarfi sosai maimakon amfani da lankwasawa kamar yadda sauran ‘yan wasa suke yi. Wasu daga cikin bugun fanaretinsa sun kasance cikin mafi ƙarfi a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prabook.com/web/hami.mand_ral/2327748 |title=Hami Mandıralı biography |website=Prabook |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 1998 ya koma ƙungiyar [[Schalke 04]] ta Jamus kan kuɗi masu yawa. Sai dai bai daɗe a can ba, domin bayan kaka guda ya dawo Trabzonspor inda ya ci gaba da zama babban mai zura ƙwallayen ƙungiyar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportslib.net/football/feed_fbvods.php?idx_no=8233 |title=Hami Mandıralı Profile |website=SportsLib |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A ƙarshen aikinsa ya taka leda a ƙungiyar Ankaragücü kafin ya yi ritaya daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 2002.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com.tr/hami-mandirali/profil/spieler/84880 |title=Hami Mandıralı Oyuncu Profili |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Mandıralı ya wakilci tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya tsakanin shekarun 1987 zuwa 1999. Ya buga wasanni 48 tare da zura ƙwallaye 8. Haka kuma yana cikin ‘yan wasan da suka wakilci Turkiyya a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta UEFA Euro 1996, wanda shi ne karo na farko da Turkiyya ta shiga wannan gasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?ftxtID=45536&pageID=628 |title=Hami Mandıralı, Genç Millî Takımlar Teknik Koordinatörü Oldu |website=TFF |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Hami Mandıralı ya shahara saboda ƙarfin harbinsa mai tsanani da kuma bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Masana ƙwallon ƙafa da dama sun kwatanta salon bugunsa da na ɗan wasan Brazil Roberto Carlos saboda yadda yake iya harba ƙwallo cikin ƙarfi daga nesa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hami_Mand%C4%B1ral%C4%B1 |title=Hami Mandıralı |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Baya ga haka, yana da ƙwarewa wajen motsawa cikin sauri da kuma iya taka rawa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko ɗan wasan gaba na biyu.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.fr/hami-mandirali/profil/spieler/84880 |title=Hami Mandıralı Profil du joueur |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Horarwa == Bayan ritayarsa daga wasa, Mandıralı ya shiga harkar horaswa. Ya fara da horas da tawagar matasan Turkiyya ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 21 daga shekarar 2008 zuwa 2010. Daga baya ya horar da Trabzonspor da Antalyaspor a gasar Turkiyya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/mandirali-hami/profil/trainer/7479 |title=Hami Mandıralı Manager profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2024 Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Turkiyya ta naɗa shi a matsayin mai kula da shirye-shiryen matasan tawagogin ƙasar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?ftxtID=45536&pageID=628 |title=Hami Mandıralı, Genç Millî Takımlar Teknik Koordinatörü Oldu |website=TFF |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Trabzonspor === * Kofin Turkiyya: 1991–92, 1994–95 * Turkish Super Cup: 1995 Mandıralı yana cikin manyan masu zura ƙwallaye a tarihin gasar Süper Lig ta Turkiyya, kuma shi ne ɗan wasan da ya fi kowa buga wasa da kuma cin ƙwallaye a tarihin Trabzonspor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabzonspor |title=Trabzonspor |website=Wikipedia |access-date=14 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * {{official website}} * {{Soccerbase}} * {{Transfermarkt}} jljcjsb321pl9kt0jdyl4zopg2dcpvg 0 151934 888399 838832 2026-07-28T10:16:26Z BnHamid 12586 888399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joseph Phillip Yobo''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1980) tsohon ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya. Ya kasance tsohon kyaftin na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya, wato [[Super Eagles]], kuma yana daga cikin ’yan wasan Najeriya mafi yawan buga wa ƙasa wasa. Yobo ya wakilci Najeriya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA sau uku da kuma gasar cin kofin Afrika (AFCON) sau shida.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Yobo |title=Joseph Yobo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Joseph Yobo a Kono, jihar Rivers a Najeriya, kuma ya taso a birnin Port Harcourt. Ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami inda ya taka leda a ƙungiyar Michellin-Harcourt kafin ya samu damar zuwa Turai domin ci gaba da sana’arsa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/Personality-Profiles/Footballers/Joseph-Yobo.html |title=Joseph Yobo Personality Profile |website=Nigeria Galleria |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Sana’ar ƙwallon ƙafa == === Standard Liège da Marseille === A shekarar 1998, Yobo ya koma ƙungiyar [[Standard Liège]] ta Belgium inda ya fara taka leda a matakin ƙwararru. Ya yi fice sosai a ƙungiyar kafin daga baya ya koma [[Olympique de Marseille]] a Faransa a shekarar 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Yobo |title=Joseph Yobo |website=Wikipedia Español |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> === Everton === A shekarar 2002, Yobo ya koma [[Everton FC]] ta ƙasar Ingila a matsayin aro daga Marseille, kafin daga baya ƙungiyar ta saye shi dindindin. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ’yan wasan baya a tarihin Everton kuma ya shafe kusan shekaru goma a ƙungiyar. Haka kuma, shi ne ɗan Afirka na farko da ya zama kyaftin ɗin Everton.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportslib.net/football/feed_fbvods.php?idx_no=4752 |title=Joseph Yobo Profile & Career |website=SportsLib |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2006 zuwa 2007, Yobo yana cikin ’yan wasa kaɗan da suka buga dukkan mintuna na wasannin gasar Premier League ba tare da sauyawa ba. Masoya Everton da dama suna kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tsaron baya da kulob ɗin ya taɓa samu a zamanin David Moyes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/Everton/comments/ph47br/joseph_yobo_speaking_about_his_time_at_everton/ |title=Joseph Yobo speaking about his time at Everton |website=Reddit |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> === Fenerbahçe da Norwich City === A shekarar 2010, Yobo ya koma [[Fenerbahçe SK]] ta Turkiyya a matsayin aro daga Everton. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Super Lig ta Turkiyya kafin daga baya aka saye shi kai tsaye. Bayan haka ya yi ɗan gajeren zama a [[Norwich City FC]] kafin ya yi ritaya daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Yobo |title=Joseph Yobo |website=Wikipedia Español |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Ayyukansa da Najeriya == Joseph Yobo ya fara bugawa Najeriya wasa a shekarar 2001 a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar AFCON da Zambia. Daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan tsaron Super Eagles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dailysportsng.com/news/19006-How-Keshi-Built-Me-To-Become-Nigeria-Captain-Yobo--News |title=How Keshi Built Me To Become Nigeria Captain — Yobo |website=Daily Sports Nigeria |date=2020-04-19 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Ya wakilci Najeriya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA a shekarun 2002, 2010 da 2014. Bayan ritayar [[Nwankwo Kanu]], Yobo ya zama kyaftin ɗin Super Eagles. A shekarar 2013, ya jagoranci Najeriya zuwa lashe gasar AFCON a Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Yobo |title=Joseph Yobo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2014, Yobo ya buga wasansa na 100 da Najeriya a karawar da suka yi da Faransa a zagayen ’yan 16 na kofin duniya. Bayan wasan ne ya sanar da yin ritaya daga buga wa ƙasa wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://inside.fifa.com/news/stars-align-for-centurion-yobo-2792758 |title=Stars align for centurion Yobo |website=FIFA |date=2016-05-28 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Aikin horaswa == A shekarar 2020, [[Nigeria Football Federation]] (NFF) ta naɗa Joseph Yobo a matsayin mataimakin mai horas da Super Eagles. Naɗin nasa ya zo ne saboda gogewarsa da kuma gudunmawar da ya bayar ga ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bizwatchnigeria.ng/nff-appoints-former-super-eagles-captain-joseph-yobo-as-assistant-coach/ |title=NFF Appoints Former Super Eagles Captain, Joseph Yobo as Assistant Coach |website=BizWatch Nigeria |date=2020-02-12 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Joseph Yobo ya auri tsohuwar sarauniyar kyau ta Najeriya, Adaeze Igwe, a shekarar 2010. Ta hanyar gidauniyarsa mai suna ''Joseph Yobo Charity Foundation'', ya taimaka wa yara marasa galihu da bayar da guraben karatu ga ɗalibai a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/Personality-Profiles/Footballers/Joseph-Yobo.html |title=Joseph Yobo Personality Profile |website=Nigeria Galleria |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Najeriya === * [[Africa Cup of Nations]]: 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Yobo |title=Joseph Yobo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> === Fenerbahçe === * Turkish Super Lig: 2010–11<ref>{{cite web |url=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Yobo |title=Joseph Yobo |website=Wikipedia Español |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin da ya taka wa leda == * Michellin-Harcourt * [[Standard Liège]] * [[Olympique de Marseille]] * [[CD Tenerife]] * [[Everton FC]] * [[Fenerbahçe SK]] * [[Norwich City FC]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportslib.net/football/feed_fbvods.php?idx_no=4752 |title=Joseph Yobo Profile & Career |website=SportsLib |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 51626s7iqm5v24p0j0xub5243blsjrz 0 153020 888408 842279 2026-07-28T10:23:56Z BnHamid 12586 888408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shehu Dikko Football Foundation''' ƙungiya ce da ake dangantawa da ayyukan tallafawa ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa da wasanni a Najeriya, musamman ta hannun ɗan gudanarwar wasanni na Najeriya, '''Shehu Dikko'''. Duk da cewa babu cikakken bayanin ƙungiyar a manyan kundin bayanai na duniya, ana danganta sunan Shehu Dikko da ayyukan bunƙasa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta cikin gida, ci gaban matasa, da shirye-shiryen inganta harkokin wasanni a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Former NFF VP Dikko appointed Chairman of National Sports Commission |url=https://www.westernpost.ng/former-nff-vp-dikko-appointed-chairman-of-national-sports-commission/ |work=Western Post |date=23 October 2024 |access-date=29 May 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == An danganta Shehu Dikko da gudanarwa da gyaran tsarin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya tun daga shekarun 2000. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban '''League Management Company (LMC)''', wacce ke kula da gasar Nigerian Professional Football League (NPFL). A lokacin jagorancinsa, an yi ƙoƙarin inganta tsarin gudanarwa, tallace-tallace, da kuma bunƙasa gasar cikin gida.<ref>{{cite news |title=DOMESTIC LEAGUE: A Cornerstone in Nigeria’s Sports Economy - Shehu Dikko |url=https://fmino.gov.ng/domestic-league-a-cornerstone-in-nigerias-sports-economy-shehu-dikko/ |work=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation |date=8 November 2024 |access-date=29 May 2026}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ayyukan da ake dangantawa da Shehu Dikko da masu ruwa da tsaki a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa sun haɗa da tallafawa ci gaban matasa, samar da kyakkyawan tsarin gudanar da lig, da kuma haɗin gwiwa da FIFA wajen ayyukan raya wasanni da ababen more rayuwa. Ya kuma bayyana muhimmancin gasar cikin gida wajen gina tattalin arzikin wasanni a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shehu Dikko Pledges Full Support for FIFA Forward Project 3.0 |url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/football-governance/shehu-dikko-pledges-full-support-for-fifa-forward-project-3-0/ |work=Football In Nigeria |date=7 February 2025 |access-date=29 May 2026}}</ref> == Gudummawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa == Shehu Dikko ya taka rawa wajen shirye-shiryen haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Najeriya da FIFA, ciki har da ayyukan FIFA Goal Project da FIFA Forward Programme. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa ya kasance cikin mutanen da suka jagoranci ƙoƙarin samar da cibiyoyin horaswa da filayen wasa domin ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title='FIFA manages its projects directly' — Shehu Dikko speaks on $1.19m mini-stadium in Birnin-Kebbi |url=https://www.thecable.ng/fifa-manages-its-projects-directly-shehu-dikko-speaks-on-1-19m-mini-stadium-in-birnin-kebbi/ |work=TheCable |date=31 October 2025 |access-date=29 May 2026}}</ref> == Jagoranci == A shekarar 2024, gwamnatin Najeriya ta naɗa Shehu Dikko a matsayin shugaban '''National Sports Commission (NSC)''', inda aka bayyana cewa ana sa ran zai yi amfani da gogewarsa wajen ƙara bunƙasa harkokin wasanni da ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Former NFF VP Dikko appointed Chairman of National Sports Commission |url=https://www.westernpost.ng/former-nff-vp-dikko-appointed-chairman-of-national-sports-commission/ |work=Western Post |date=23 October 2024 |access-date=29 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Wasanni a Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƙungiyoyin tallafawa wasanni]] bbh3nuht99cqab54lglnhor5ue2mqpn 0 153408 888349 878883 2026-07-28T02:48:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888349 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Authority control}}'''Mannete Ramaili''' jami'in diflomasiyya ne na Masarautar Lesotho kuma ɗan siyasa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Lesotho a Jamhuriyar Ireland kuma ta kasance Ministan Yawon Bude Ido, Al'adu da Muhalli na Lesotho . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Ramaili a Lesotho kuma ta kasance mai magana game da haƙƙin mata tun 1987. Tun da farko a cikin aikinta ta shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Iyaye ta Duniya. == Ayyukan siyasa == A shekara ta 2005, an nada Ramaili a matsayin Jakadan Masarautar Lesotho a [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Ireland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=MONO – DIPLOMATS {{!}} RTÉ Presspack |url=https://presspack.rte.ie/2005/06/14/mono-diplomats/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=presspack.rte.ie}}</ref> Ramaili ya kasance jakadan Lesotho har zuwa shekara ta 2009. A lokacin da take Ireland ta taimaka wajen kafa kungiyar 'Action Lesotho' ta Irish wacce ke aiki a Maputsoe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-05-23 |title=From one kingdom to another |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/features/humaninterest/from-one-kingdom-to-another-232011.html |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=www.irishexaminer.com |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da ta ziyarci yankuna a duk faɗin Ireland tare da Mai Girma Paddy Fay don wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan da ke shafar mutanen Lesotho.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oireachtais |first=Tithe an |date=2010-06-17 |title=JOINT COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS (Sub-Committee on Overseas Development) díospóireacht - Déardaoin, 17 Meith 2010 |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/ga/debates/debate/joint_committee_on_foreign_affairs/2010-06-17/2 |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=www.oireachtas.ie |language=Irish |archive-date=2019-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920163650/https://www.oireachtas.ie/ga/debates/debate/joint_committee_on_foreign_affairs/2010-06-17/2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Batutuwan kamar HIV da yankan mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seminar: International Day Zero Tolerance to FGM – 4th February : Cairde – Challenging ethnic minority health inequalities |url=http://cairde.ie/a-seminar-to-mark-international-day-of-zero-tolerance-to-female-genital-mutilation/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127122644/http://cairde.ie/a-seminar-to-mark-international-day-of-zero-tolerance-to-female-genital-mutilation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nada Ramaili a matsayin Ministan Yawon Bude Ido, Al'adu da Muhalli, biyo bayan korar [[Lebohang Ntsinyi]] daga gwamnatin Firayim Minista Pakalitha Mosisili . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-15 |title=Ministers fired |url=http://lestimes.com/ministers-fired/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=Lesotho Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, Ramaili na ɗaya daga cikin mata ministoci bakwai a cikin majalisar, tare da: [['Mamphono Khaketla|Mamphono Khaketla]], [[Maphoka Motoboli]], [[Mathabiso Lepono]], Mphu Keneileo Ramatlapeng, [[Mpeo Mahase-Moiloa]] da [[Pontso Sekatle|Pontso Suzan Matumelo Sekatle]] . Ta jagoranci matakan rage shan barasa a Lesotho . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-26 |title=Tough times ahead for beer drinkers |url=https://sundayexpress.co.ls/tough-times-ahead-for-beer-drinkers/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=Sunday Express |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Mannete_Ramaili,_Minister_of_Tourism,_Environment_and_Culture_of_the_Kingdom_of_Lesotho_(6960295608).jpg|thumb|Mannete Ramaili, Ministan Yawon Bude Ido, Muhalli da Al'adu na Masarautar Lesotho (6960295608) ]] A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da gwamnatin kasar Sin, Ramaili ta taimaka wajen kafa tsarin horar da yumbu a Lesotho a shekarar 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Remarks by H.E. Ambassador HU Dingxian at the Official Opening Ceremony of the Pottery Training Workshop |url=http://ls.china-embassy.org/eng/dsxx/dsjh/t895608.htm |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> A wannan shekarar ta yi magana a Lesotho don tallafawa mafi kyawun kuma mafi bayyane a cikin kafofin watsa labarai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transforming Broadcasting |url=http://www.transformingbroadcasting.org.uk/blog/viewentry.php?id=9 |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=www.transformingbroadcasting.org.uk}}</ref> A shekara ta 2012 ta yi magana a wani taron - 'Women in Development' - wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta shirya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=UNCTAD XIII Must Be New Pillar of Change, Qatar Museums Authority Chairperson Says, Hailing Women as 'Cornerstone' in Quest for Equitable Development, Human Dignity {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2012/tad2054.doc.htm |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> A nan, Ramaili ya yi magana game da bukatar manyan dokoki game da tashin hankali na cikin gida, amma kuma ya nuna cewa Lesotho ta kasance ta tara daga cikin kasashe 135 a kan Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya Gender Gap Index - gaba da Burtaniya, Amurka da Faransa.<ref name=":0" /> Ramaili tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan kasuwa mata na Lesotho kuma tana magana game da muhimmancin karfafa ikon tattalin arzikin mata ga Lesotho . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Recognizing Female Entrepreneurs in Lesotho {{!}} Standard Lesotho Bank |url=https://www.standardlesothobank.co.ls/lesotho/About-Us/news/Recognizing-Female-Entrepreneurs-in-Lesotho |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=www.standardlesothobank.co.ls}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta kwamitin Standard Lesotho Bank . <ref>{{Cite web |title=When the lionesses of Africa roar! {{!}} The Post |url=https://www.thepost.co.ls/business/when-the-lionesses-of-africa-roar/ |access-date=2020-02-14 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Kyautar Ranar Afirka (Ireland) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Eireann |url=http://oldweb.metroeireann.com/print-article,3853 |access-date=2020-02-14 |website=oldweb.metroeireann.com |archive-date=2024-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211190518/http://oldweb.metroeireann.com/print-article,3853 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rrop3f9s8nbess44qsv5dy7fwa28nbh 0 153419 888345 882769 2026-07-28T00:47:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malachy Ikechukwu Okwueze''' (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1962) farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin Addini da Ɗabi'a (Religion and Ethics). Ya yi aiki a Sashen Nazarin Addini da Al'adu na Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka (University of Nigeria, Nsukka – UNN), kuma ya kasance shugaban jami'ar farko (Pioneer Vice-Chancellor) na Coal City University daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malachy_Ikechukwu_Okwueze |title=Malachy Ikechukwu Okwueze |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Okwueze a garin Nsukka da ke Jihar Enugu, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a Anglican Grammar School, wanda yanzu ake kira Nsukka High School. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare da sakamako mai kyau, ya shiga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka inda ya samu digiri na farko a fannin Addini da sakamakon First Class Honors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.everybodywiki.com/Okwueze_Malachy_Ikechukwu |title=Okwueze Malachy Ikechukwu |website=EverybodyWiki |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> Daga baya ya samu digirin MA a shekarar 1989 da kuma PhD a fannin Addini a shekarar 1995 daga wannan jami'a. Haka kuma ya karanci shari'a a University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC), inda ya samu digirin LL.B kuma ya yi fice a fannin Commercial Law. A shekarar 1996 an kira shi zuwa Nigerian Bar bayan kammala karatu a Nigerian Law School da ke Lagos.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malachy_Ikechukwu_Okwueze |title=Malachy Ikechukwu Okwueze |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == Okwueze ya yi aiki a matsayin malami kuma mai bincike a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka. Ya koyar a fannonin Addini, Ɗabi'a, Al'adu da zamantakewar al'umma. Haka kuma ya rike mukamai da dama a jami'ar, ciki har da: * Shugaban Sashen Nazarin Addini da Al'adu * Dean of Student Affairs * Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a mai kula da Gudanarwa (Deputy Vice-Chancellor Administration) daga 2012 zuwa 2014 * Memba na kwamitocin ilimi da bincike daban-daban na jami'a Sashen da ya yi aiki a cikinsa yana daga cikin tsoffin sassan ilimi na UNN kuma yana mai da hankali kan nazarin Kiristanci, Addinin Gargajiya na Afirka da Musulunci a mahallin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/academics/faculties/social-sciences/religion/ |title=Religion and Cultural Studies Department |publisher=University of Nigeria, Nsukka |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Shugabancin Coal City University == A shekarar 2016, Okwueze ya zama shugaban jami'a na farko (Pioneer Vice-Chancellor) na Coal City University da ke Enugu. A lokacin shugabancinsa ya taimaka wajen kafa tsarin gudanarwa, shirye-shiryen karatu da bunƙasa jami'ar a matakin farko na ci gabanta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malachy_Ikechukwu_Okwueze |title=Malachy Ikechukwu Okwueze |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Ayyukan gwamnati == Baya ga aikin ilimi, Okwueze ya shiga harkokin gudanarwa a gwamnatin Jihar Enugu. Ya taba zama Mataimakin Babban Ma'aikacin Gwamna (Deputy Chief of Staff) a gwamnatin Gwamna Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malachy_Ikechukwu_Okwueze |title=Malachy Ikechukwu Okwueze |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> Ya kuma kasance cikin kwamitocin gyaran harkokin gwamnati da ci gaban ayyukan jama'a a jihar Enugu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malachy_Ikechukwu_Okwueze |title=Malachy Ikechukwu Okwueze |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyi da jawabai == A shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar UNN mai kula da Gudanarwa, ya yi kira ga shugabanni da al'ummar Najeriya da su rungumi kyawawan dabi'u da gaskiya domin magance matsalolin da ke addabar ƙasar. Ya bayyana cewa addini na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gina ɗabi'a da zaman lafiya a cikin al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/06/new-unn-deputy-vc-makes-case-for-true-moral-re-armament/amp/ |title=New UNN Deputy VC makes case for true moral re-armament |website=Vanguard News |date=2012-06-02 |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> A shekarar 2014 ya kuma yi kira ga matasa da kada su bari a yi amfani da su wajen tashin hankali ko rikice-rikicen siyasa, yana mai jaddada muhimmancin zaman lafiya da shugabanci nagari.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/election-fever-shun-violence-dont-be-political-pawns-don-2024080116530685372 |title=Shun Violence, Don't Be Political Pawns — Don |website=Pulse Nigeria |date=2014-08-07 |access-date=2026-05-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Wallafe-wallafe == Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai: * ''Ethics, Religion and Society: Biblical, Traditional and Contemporary Perspectives'' * ''Religion and Societal Development: Contemporary Nigerian Perspectives'' * ''Religion, Culture and Secularism: Beyond the Western Paradigm'' * ''The Church and Entrepreneurship: Hope for the Youth in Nigeria'' (tare da D.C. Ononogbu) <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malachy_Ikechukwu_Okwueze |title=Malachy Ikechukwu Okwueze |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Girmamawa == Okwueze ya samu yabo saboda haɗa ilimin addini da na shari'a a aikinsa. Haka kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun malamai a Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka, inda ya horar da ɗalibai da masu bincike da dama a fannin Addini da Nazarin Al'adu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/academics/faculties/social-sciences/religion/ |title=Religion and Cultural Studies Department |publisher=University of Nigeria, Nsukka |access-date=2026-05-30}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Haifaffun 1962]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category: Lauyoyin Najeriya]] [[Category:Nigerian professors]] [[Category:University of Nigeria alumni]] [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Nigeria]] [[Category:People from Enugu State]] [[Category:Religion scholars]] 2j7zic3qyvpvhirhh4m29ksyj25glbt 0 154984 888446 847454 2026-07-28T10:47:21Z BnHamid 12586 888446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kunle Edun | honorific_suffix = SAN | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Lawyer | alma_mater = Ogun State University (LL.B), University of Benin (LL.M) | known_for = Legal practice, Nigerian Bar Association leadership | spouse = Ngozi Edun | children = 3 }} '''Kunle Edun''' lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma Babban Lauya na Ƙasa (Senior Advocate of Nigeria – SAN) wanda ya yi suna a harkar shari'a, kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam da kuma jagoranci a cikin [[Nigerian Bar Association]] (NBA). Ya yi aiki a muhimman mukamai daban-daban a NBA, ciki har da Mataimakin Shugaban reshen Warri da kuma Sakataren Jin Daɗin Mambobi na ƙasa. Haka kuma yana daga cikin abokan kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na Tri-Lex Partners LP da ke Warri, Jihar Delta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://barristerng.com/kunle-edun-the-profile-of-a-legal-revolutionary/ |title=Kunle Edun: The Profile of a Legal Revolutionary |website=BarristerNG |date=19 February 2018 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.legalnigeria.com/kunle-edun-passion-for-service-to-the-nba/ |title=Kunle Edun – Passion for Service to the NBA |website=Legal Nigeria |date=13 April 2020 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Kunle Edun a Najeriya inda ya yi karatun firamare a Pessu Primary School da ke Warri sannan ya halarci Essi College, Warri da kuma Rev. Kuti Memorial Grammar School a Abeokuta. Daga baya ya yi karatun shari'a a Ogun State University (yanzu Olabisi Onabanjo University) daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1997 inda ya samu digirin LL.B. Ya kuma samu digirin digirgir na biyu (LL.M) daga Jami'ar Benin tsakanin 2004 da 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://barristerng.com/kunle-edun-the-profile-of-a-legal-revolutionary/ |title=Kunle Edun: The Profile of a Legal Revolutionary |website=BarristerNG |date=19 February 2018 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Sana'ar lauya == An kira Edun zuwa Bar na Najeriya a shekarar 1999. Ya fara aikinsa a ofishin Chief A. K. Osawota & Co., inda ya kai matsayin Shugaban Sashen Shari'o'i kafin ya bar kamfanin a 2007. Daga baya ya zama Sakataren Kamfani kuma Mai Ba da Shawara kan Shari'a na Lonestar Drilling Nigeria Limited a Port Harcourt. A shekarar 2011, ya taimaka wajen kafa Tri-Lex Partners LP, wani kamfanin haɗin gwiwar lauyoyi da ke Warri, inda ya zama Co-Managing Partner.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://barristerng.com/kunle-edun-the-profile-of-a-legal-revolutionary/ |title=Kunle Edun: The Profile of a Legal Revolutionary |website=BarristerNG |date=19 February 2018 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Ayyuka a Nigerian Bar Association == Edun ya riƙe mukamai da dama a NBA. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban NBA Warri Branch daga 2016 zuwa 2018, memba na National Executive Committee (NEC), Gwamna a NBA Human Rights Institute, da kuma memba a SPIDEL. Haka kuma ya kasance National Publicity Secretary da National Welfare Secretary na ƙungiyar a lokuta daban-daban. Ayyukansa sun fi mayar da hankali kan kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, gyaran tsarin shari'a da bunƙasa walwalar lauyoyi a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.legalnigeria.com/kunle-edun-passion-for-service-to-the-nba/ |title=Kunle Edun – Passion for Service to the NBA |website=Legal Nigeria |date=13 April 2020 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/03/03/lawyer-edun-reacts-to-kyaris-extradition-to-us-commends-agf-mallami/ |title=Lawyer, Edun reacts to Kyari's extradition to US, commends AGF Mallami |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=3 March 2022 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyi kan harkokin ƙasa == Kunle Edun ya yi fice wajen bayyana ra'ayinsa kan muhimman batutuwan siyasa da shari'a a Najeriya. A shekarar 2021 ya yaba wa Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) kan fallasa mutanen da ake zargi da tallafa wa ta'addanci, yana kira ga gwamnatin Najeriya da ta ɗauki matakan da suka dace wajen yaƙi da masu daukar nauyin ta'addanci.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/09/14/lawyer-hails-uae-for-exposing-nigerians-sponsoring-terrorism/ |title=Lawyer hails UAE for exposing Nigerians sponsoring terrorism |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=14 September 2021 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2025 ya bayyana cewa dakatar da gwamnan Jihar Rivers da wasu jami'an jihar a ƙarƙashin dokar ta-baci ba ya cikin ikon shugaban ƙasa kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya ya tanada. Ya jaddada cewa sashe na 305 na kundin tsarin mulki bai bai wa shugaban ƙasa ikon dakatar da zaɓaɓɓun jami'an jiha ba.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2025/03/19/tinubus-suspension-of-rivers-officials-unconstitutional-edun/ |title=Tinubu’s Suspension Of Rivers Officials Unconstitutional – Edun |work=Naija News |date=19 March 2025 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma ya soki ci gaba da tsare matasa da ake zargi da cin amanar ƙasa, yana mai cewa hakan abin kunya ne ga tsarin shari'ar Najeriya kuma ya saɓa da ƙa'idojin adalci da haƙƙin ɗan Adam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://barristerng.com/prosecution-and-detention-of-minors-for-treason-shameful-kunle-edun-san/ |title=Prosecution and detention of minors for treason shameful – Kunle Edun, SAN |website=BarristerNG |date=2 November 2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar iyali == Kunle Edun yana aure da Ngozi Edun (née Ofili), kuma suna da ’ya’ya mata uku. An bayyana shi a matsayin ɗan Najeriya mai mutunta haɗin kan ƙasa kuma wanda ya ziyarci ƙasashe da dama domin halartar tarukan shari'a da kasuwanci na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://barristerng.com/kunle-edun-the-profile-of-a-legal-revolutionary/ |title=Kunle Edun: The Profile of a Legal Revolutionary |website=BarristerNG |date=19 February 2018 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Lauyoyin Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:Nigerian legal practitioners]] 4tyesxkx62kzjg1jpdfqvfhag6bbmwa 0 155645 888319 878790 2026-07-27T22:07:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan Yankuna ta Jami'ar Tulane''' (a hukumance '''Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine''' ) ita ce makarantar kiwon lafiyar jama'a ta Jami'ar Tulane, wata jami'a mai zaman kanta a [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]] . == Tarihi == Nazarin lafiyar jama'a a Louisiana ya fara ne a farkon karni na 19, lokacin da [[New Orleans]] ke fama da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|cutar zazzabin cizon sauro]] da kuma kusan kowace shekara da ake fama da [[Amai da Gudawa|cutar kwalara]] da zazzabin rawaya . Ƙoƙarin shawo kan cututtuka na wurare masu zafi ya haifar da kafa Kwalejin Likitanci ta Louisiana a shekara ta 1834, wanda ƙungiyar likitoci matasa suka kafa. Wadanda suka kafa ta fitar da takardar neman ilimi wacce ta jaddada rashin sanin waɗannan cututtuka da kuma buƙatar yin nazarin su a cikin muhallin da suka faru. A shekara ta 1881, an fara ba da koyarwa ta tsafta a karon farko. Samuel Zemurray ya bayar da tallafin kuɗi don kafa Makarantar Tsafta da Magungunan Yankin Wuri na farko a ƙasar a Tulane a shekarar 1912. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The New Orleans medical and surgical journal v.64 (1911-12). |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b339632&view=1up&seq=945 |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=HathiTrust |language=en}}</ref> Wanda aka fi sani da "Sam the Banana Man," Zemurray ya goyi bayan wannan cibiya a wani ɓangare saboda sha'awarsa ta kasuwanci a masana'antar ayaba a Honduras, waɗanda a lokacin suka fi fama da cututtuka kamar zazzabin rawaya. Tsarin ayabarsa ya kuma sa shi shirya da kuma goyon bayan juyin mulkin soja a kusan lokaci guda a kan Shugaban ƙasar Honduras Miguel R. Dávila domin dawo da Manuel Bonilla kan mulki, tunda Bonilla ya bayar da rangwamen haraji mai kyau da kuma rangwamen jirgin ƙasa ga harkokin kasuwancin Zemurray. A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinsa a Honduras, Zemurray ya yi kwangila da Kamfanin United Fruit, wanda shi ma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu tallafawa harkokin kuɗi na farko na Makarantar Tsafta da Magungunan Yankin Wuri. An ƙaddamar da makarantar a shekarar 1912, kuma tana cikin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin kafa irin waɗannan cibiyoyi a faɗin duniya. Masana ilimi a ƙasa da ƙasa sun yaba da ita a matsayin makaranta ta farko irin wannan a Amurka, inda cututtukan wurare masu zafi suka yi mummunan tasiri, musamman a Kudu . An ba da digirin farko na Doctor of Public Health a shekarar 1914, tun kafin a kafa kowace makaranta ta kiwon lafiyar jama'a. Daga baya, a shekarar 1919, Makarantar Tsafta da Magungunan Yankin Yamma ta sake haɗewa zuwa Kwalejin Likitanci . Sassan magungunan wurare masu zafi da magungunan rigakafi sun haɗu suka kafa sashen likitancin wurare masu zafi da lafiyar jama'a. Tulane ya shiga Majalisar Ilimi kan Lafiyar Jama'a a shekarar 1947. Tare da faɗaɗa lafiyar jama'a da magungunan wurare masu zafi cikin sauri, an ƙirƙiri sashen gudanarwa na lafiyar jama'a na digiri na biyu a shekarar 1958, kuma aka sake naɗa shi Sashen Tsafta da Magungunan wurare masu zafi a shekarar 1961. A shekarar 1967, sha'awar Tsafta da Magungunan wurare masu zafi ta koma matsayinta na Jami'ar Tulane kuma ta zama ta yau da kullun ta Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan wurare masu zafi. A ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2024, an sake wa makarantar suna "Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan Wurare Masu Yawa ta Celia Scott Weatherhead" bayan mai taimakon jama'a kuma ɗalibi a Tulane, Celia Scott Weatherhead, don girmama gudummawar da ta bayar a tsawon rayuwarta na sama da dala miliyan 160 don tallafawa jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=Tulane University names school in honor of Celia Scott Weatherhead's record-breaking support {{!}} Tulane University News |url=https://news.tulane.edu/pr/tulane-university-names-school-honor-celia-scott-weatherheads-record-breaking-support#:~:text=Tulane%20University%20announced%20today%20that,in%20support%20of%20the%20university. |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=news.tulane.edu |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nietzel |first=Michael T. |title=After Historic Gift, Tulane University Names Public Health School For Donor |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2024/09/18/after-historic-gift-tulane-university-names-public-health-school-for-donor/ |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Sassan == Makarantar Celia Scott Weatherhead ta Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan Yankin Tropical tana da sassa bakwai na ilimi: * Kimiyyar Halittu da Kimiyyar Bayanai <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Department of Biostatistics and Data Science |url=https://sph.tulane.edu/gbds/home |access-date=2 October 2011 |website= |publisher=School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine |archive-date=20 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320155127/http://sph.tulane.edu/gbds/home |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Lafiyar muhalli|Kimiyyar Lafiyar Muhalli]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Global Health Environmental Health Sciences |url=http://sph.tulane.edu/publichealth/ehs/index.cfm |publisher=School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Ilimin Cututtuka <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2016 |title=Epidemiology {{!}} School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine |url=https://sph.tulane.edu/epid/home |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=sph.tulane.edu}}</ref> * Manufofin Lafiya da Gudanar da Su <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2016 |title=Health Policy and Management {{!}} School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine |url=https://sph.tulane.edu/hpm/home |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=sph.tulane.edu |archive-date=2022-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314083318/https://sph.tulane.edu/hpm/home |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Lafiya ta Duniya da Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2020 |title=Department of International Health and Sustainable Development {{!}} School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine |url=https://sph.tulane.edu/ihsd/home |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=sph.tulane.edu}}</ref> * Kimiyyar Zamantakewa, Halayya, da Jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2020 |title=Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences {{!}} School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine |url=https://sph.tulane.edu/sbps/home |access-date=2022-03-14 |website=sph.tulane.edu}}</ref> * Maganin Yankin Wurare Masu Yawa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tropical Medicine |url=http://sph.tulane.edu/publichealth/tropmed/index.cfm |publisher=School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2016-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028180226/http://sph.tulane.edu/publichealth/tropmed/index.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Cibiyoyi, cibiyoyi, da tallafin horo == * Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Muhalli <ref>{{Cite web |title=Center for Applied Environmental Public Health |url=http://www.sph.tulane.edu/CAEPH/ |publisher=Tulane SPH&TM |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2016-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027101058/http://www.sph.tulane.edu/caeph/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Bincike da Kimantawa game da Zazzabin Malaria da Aka Yi Amfani da su] * Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu da Ilimin Halitta] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics |url=http://www.sph.tulane.edu/publichealth/bio/center_for_bioinformatics_and_genomics_bio.cfm |access-date=18 December 2011 |publisher=SPH&TM |archive-date=11 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111083946/http://www.sph.tulane.edu/publichealth/bio/center_for_bioinformatics_and_genomics_bio.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka Masu Tasowa a Lokacin Haihuwa * Cibiyar Daidaiton Lafiya ta Duniya] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Community Health |url=http://sph.tulane.edu/publichealth/chs/centers_research_chs.cfm |publisher=Tulane SPHTM |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011100027/http://www.sph.tulane.edu/publichealth/chs/centers_research_chs.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Bincike, Jagoranci da Tsarin Dabaru na Lafiyar Muhalli ta Tekun Gulf * Cibiyar Nazarin Al'ummar da Suka Koma Matsuguni * Ofishin Lafiya na Latin Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tulane Health Office for Latin America |url=http://www.sph.tulane.edu/hola/ |publisher=Tulane SPH&TM |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2016-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827214910/http://www.sph.tulane.edu/hola/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Binciken Nazarin Tsarin Lafiya * Cibiyar Ilimi ta Lafiyar Mata ta Mary Amelia Douglas-Whited <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mary Amelia Women's Center |url=http://tulane.edu/womenshealth/ |access-date=18 December 2011 |publisher=SPH&TM }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Aikin Kimanta Auna Mataki na Huɗu * Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka ta Tulane ta Rayuwa * Cibiyar Bayanan Bincike ta Duniya ta Tulane * Cibiyar Hawan Jini da Ƙwayar Tulane * Cibiyar Binciken Kiba ta Tulane * Ofishin Tulane na Lafiya ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Office for Global Health |url=http://www.sph.tulane.edu/ogh/about_ogh.cfm |publisher=Tulane SPH&TM |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2016-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027101105/http://www.sph.tulane.edu/ogh/about_ogh.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Bincike Kan Rigakafin Tulane <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prevention Research Center |url=http://prc.tulane.edu/ |publisher=Tulane SPH&TM |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2022-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125222857/http://www.prc.tulane.edu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ofishin Binciken Lafiya na Jami'ar Tulane <ref>{{Cite web |title=Office of Health Research |url=http://tulane.edu/publichealth/ohr/ohr_home.cfm |publisher=Tulane SPH&TM |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2017-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029234410/http://www2.tulane.edu/publichealth/ohr/ohr_home.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Kimiyyar Fassara ta Tulane === Tallafin Horarwa === * Gina Cibiyoyin Bincike Tsakanin Ma'aikata a Lafiyar Mata * Cibiyar Inganta Lafiyar Mata da Yara * Shirin Horar da Likitoci na HRSA MCH game da Cututtuka * Horarwa Tsakanin Amurkawa don Sabbin Sabbin Cututtuka Masu Yaɗuwa * Yankin 6 Cibiyar Horar da Lafiyar Jama'a ta Kudu ta Tsakiya * Binciken Horarwa na Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Lafiyar 'Yan tsiraru ta Tulane-Xavier == Suna == Manufar Makarantar Celia Scott Weatherhead ta Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan Yankin Tropical ita ce ta haɓaka lafiyar jama'a a duniya da kuma rage [[Daidaitaccen lafiya|bambance-bambancen lafiya]] ta hanyar ƙwarewa a fannin ilimi, bincike, da haɗin gwiwa. Ɗalibai sun yi rajista daga ƙasashe sama da 40 daban-daban, kuma makarantar ta ci gaba da kasancewa a sahun gaba a makarantun kiwon lafiyar jama'a da aka amince da su a faɗin ƙasar. Buga na 2025 ''na Rahoton Labaran Duniya na Amurka'' ya sanya Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan Yankin Yamma a matsayi na 10 a cikin shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiyar jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2025 |title=Best Graduate Public Health Programs |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-health-schools/public-health-rankings |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> A shekarar 2008, makarantar ta ba wa ɗaliban farko na farko digirin farko a fannin kimiyyar lafiyar jama'a na Tulane digirin farko a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a. Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan Yankin Yamma ta Jami'ar Tulane ta yi bikin cika shekaru 100 da kafuwa a shekarar 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Century of Commitment to Global Health 1912-2012 |url=http://tulane.edu/publichealth/centennial/index.cfm |access-date=2011-10-02 |website=Centennial Celebration |publisher=Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Makarantar tana da shirin digiri na haɗin gwiwa tare da Makarantar Likitanci ta Tulane, wanda ke ba da digirin MD/MPH. Shi ne mafi tsufa irin wannan shirin a ƙasar, kuma mafi girma. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Wuri == Makarantar Celia Scott Weatherhead ta Tulane ta Lafiyar Jama'a da Magungunan Yankuna tana nan a 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, Louisiana a unguwar Central Business District . Gininta yana ɗaya daga cikin gine-gine mafi tsayi a New Orleans, kuma ana kiranta da ginin Tidewater . Yankin CBD da Makarantar take a yanzu ana kiransa da Bioscience District, kuma a da ana kiransa da Medical District. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klien & Morlok |title=Leadership and Management Strategy |url=http://www.norpc.org/assets/pdf-documents/studies-and-plans/biosci_ip4-ldrmgmt.pdf |access-date=29 January 2012 |website=NEW ORLEANS MEDICAL DISTRICT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY |publisher=Eva Klein & Associates, Ltd. |archive-date=21 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921121956/http://www.norpc.org/assets/pdf-documents/studies-and-plans/biosci_ip4-ldrmgmt.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> BioDistrict wuri ne da aka kashe dala biliyan 1.09 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Business Plan for University Medical Center |url=http://www.newhospital.org/docs/UMCMC%20Business%20Plan%2009062011Verite.pdf |website=Verité Healthcare Consulting, LLC |publisher=newhospital.org}}</ref> a sabon gini don aikin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'a wanda ya maye gurbin Asibitin Sadaka a 2015. An kashe ƙarin ~$1.0bn a unguwar don gina sabon Asibitin Kula da Lafiya na Tsohon Soji na Kudu maso Gabashin Louisiana VA. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Legacy |url=http://www.neworleans.va.gov/Project_Legacy.asp |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2021-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413171503/https://www.neworleans.va.gov/project_legacy.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> BioDistrict kuma ya haɗa da sabon Cibiyar BioInnovation mai faɗin ƙafa 66,000 da Cibiyar Binciken Ciwon daji ta Louisiana mai faɗin ƙafa 155,000. Ginin Tidewater yana da sauƙin isa ta hanya, mota a titi, da kuma Shuttles na Jami'ar Tulane. <ref>{{Cite web |title=University Shuttles |url=http://tulane.edu/studentaffairs/tom/transportation/shuttles.cfm |website=Tulane University |publisher=University Services |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2013-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225035829/http://tulane.edu/studentaffairs/tom/transportation/shuttles.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ginin Tidewater yana da ɗan gajeren tafiya daga Vieux Carré . == Manazarta == izp249y7jfffeeokjvba1k7wpx7e2to 0 155694 888247 850714 2026-07-27T18:43:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A cikin ilmin annoba, mai ɗaukar cuta shine kowane wakili mai rai <ref name="WHO Vector-borne diseases">{{Cite web |title=Vector-borne diseases |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases |website=WHO}}</ref> wanda ke ɗauke da watsa kwayar cuta mai kamuwa kamar kwayar cuta ko kwayar cuta, zuwa wani abu mai rai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vector |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=vector |access-date=7 April 2014 |website=[[WordNet]] Search 3.1 |publisher=[[Princeton University]]}}</ref> Yawancin sanannun vectors, kamar sauro, ticks, da wasu kwari sun dogara da ciyar da jini kuma suna iya samun ko wucewa akan pathogens a lokacin wannan tsari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-06-26 |title=About Vector-Borne Diseases |url=https://www.cdc.gov/vector-borne-diseases/about/index.html |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Vector-Borne Diseases |language=en-us}}</ref> Kwayoyin cututtukan cututtuka sun kasance babbar ƙalubalen kiwon lafiya ta duniya.<ref name="WHO Vector-borne diseases" /> Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa waɗannan cututtukan sun kai sama da 17% na duk cututtukani masu yaduwa a duk duniya, kuma suna da alhakin daruruwan dubban mutuwar kowace shekara.<ref name="WHO Vector-borne diseases" /> Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar ga wasu kwari da sauran kwayoyin da ke watsa cututtukan shuke-shuke zuwa amfanin gona. Wakilan da ake ɗauka a matsayin masu ɗaukar jini galibi suna shan jini (Haematophagous) arthropods kamar [[sauro]]. Babban binciken farko na cututtukan cututtuken ya fito ne daga Ronald Ross a cikin 1897, wanda ya gano kwayar cutar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] lokacin da ya rarraba kwayar ciki na sauro.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Muacevic |first=Alexander |date=2024-08-02 |title=The Legacy of Sir Ronald Ross: From Malaria Research to Multifaceted Achievements |journal=Cureus |language=en |volume=16 |issue=8 |doi=10.7759/cureus.65999 |pmc=11366213 |pmid=39221355 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-28 |title=CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - History - Ross and the Discovery that Mosquitoes Transmit Malaria Parasites |url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/ross.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519185817/https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/ross.html |archive-date=May 19, 2017 |access-date=2020-10-23 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> Tsarin tabbatar da cewa vector ne ke da alhakin watsa pathogens ana kiransa vector incrimination. Cutar ta dogara da hulɗa tsakanin mai masaukin, pathogen, da nau'in vector wanda ke iya ɗaukar kamuwa da cuta.<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last=de Souza |first=William M. |last2=Weaver |first2=Scott C. |date=August 2024 |title=Effects of climate change and human activities on vector-borne diseases |journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology |volume=22 |issue=8 |pages=476–491 |doi=10.1038/s41579-024-01026-0 |issn=1740-1534 |pmid=38486116}}</ref> Wasu pathogens na iya ninkawa ko fuskantar wani ɓangare na rayuwarsu a cikin vector, yayin da wasu ke canja wurin daga wannan farfajiyar zuwa wani ba tare da bunkasa a cikin mai ɗaukar ba.<ref name=":14" /> Canje-canje a cikin yanayi, fadada birane, da canje-canjen amfani da ƙasa suna sake fasalin inda vectors zasu iya rayuwa. Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen ruwan sama na iya bunkasa yawan sauro da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda zai iya fadada lokutan haihuwar su da kuma iyakar ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change & Infectious Diseases – Public Health |url=https://publichealth.cornell.edu/impacts/research-centers/c-change/climate-change-infectious-diseases/ |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=publichealth.cornell.edu |archive-date=2025-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813215240/https://publichealth.cornell.edu/impacts/research-centers/c-change/climate-change-infectious-diseases/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yankunan kore na birane da ababen more rayuwa na iya ƙirƙirar sabbin wuraren kiwo don masu tasowa kamar sauro, don haka kawo su kusa da yawan mutane.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fournet |first=Florence |last2=Simard |first2=Frédéric |last3=Fontenille |first3=Didier |date=March 2024 |title=Green cities and vector-borne diseases: emerging concerns and opportunities |journal=Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Europeen Sur les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin |volume=29 |issue=10 |doi=10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.10.2300548 |issn=1560-7917 |pmc=10986671 |pmid=38456216}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, cinikayya ta duniya da motsi na ɗan adam na iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cututtuka a duk faɗin nahiyoyi, wanda zai iya gabatar da su ga jama'a marasa ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2025-01-14 |title=Vector-Borne Diseases |url=https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/effects/vectors.html |access-date=2025-12-17 |website=Climate and Health |language=en-us}}</ref> Al'ummomin da ba a sani ba suna nufin saitin mahalarta waɗanda ba su taɓa haɗuwa da su ba ko kuma an fallasa su ga wani abu, magani, ko yanayin, sabili da haka ba su da rigakafin rigakafi ko ƙwarewar da ta gabata tare da shi. Saboda wadannan sauye-sauye, hukumomin kiwon lafiya na jama'a suna ƙarfafa hanyoyin da aka tsara don rage cututtukan da ke yaduwa. Shirye-shiryen da aka aiwatar sun haɗa da saka idanu kan yawan mutanen da ke cikin muhalli, inganta kula da muhalli. == Arthropods == [[Fayil:Adult_deer_tick(cropped).jpg|thumb|Doki mai laushi, mai ba da cututtukan Cutar Lyme]] Arthropods, gami da sauro, ticks, biting midges, Blackflies, sandflies, tsetse flies, triatome bugs, lice, fleas, da thrips, sun samar da babban rukuni na pathogen vectors, suna watsa adadi mai yawa na pathogens. Yawancin irin waɗannan vectors suna haematophagous, ma'ana suna cin jini a wasu ko duk matakan rayuwarsu. Lokacin da kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta ke cin jini, kwayar cutar ta shiga cikin jini na mai masaukin.[1][2] Wadannan pathogens suna maimaitawa a cikin vector kuma vector sau da yawa mai ɗaukar sauran rayuwarsa. Kwayar cutar tana yaduwa ga sabbin rundunonin daga vector a lokacin cin abinci na jini.[3] Lokacin da sauro ya sha jini daga mutum ko dabba, kwayar cuta daga wannan mai masaukin zai iya wucewa daga cikin sauro zuwa jikin sauro, idan wannan kwayar cutaa ta iya girma a cikin sauro. A can, kwayar cutar ta ninka kuma a ƙarshe ta motsa zuwa glandun sauro. Lokacin da sauro na gaba ya ɗauki abinci na jini daga mutum ko dabba, ana canja kwayar cutar daga ƙwayoyin sauro zuwa sabon mai masaukin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2024-06-04 |title=About Mosquitoes in the United States |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/about-mosquitoes-in-the-united-states.html |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=Mosquitoes |language=en-us}}</ref> Sauro daban-daban suna aiki ne a matsayin masu yaduwa ga cututtuka daban-daban. Sauro na ''Anopheles'' yana watsa [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Elephantiasis|lymphatic filariasis]], da Kwayar cutar O'nyong'nyong.<ref name="WHO Vector-borne diseases"/> Malaria yana haifar da kwayar cutar ''Plasmodium'', kuma lymphatic filariasis yana haifar da filarial Nematodes ''Wuchereria bancrofti'', ''[[Brugia malayi|Brugia Malai]]'', da ''Brugia timori''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malaria |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/malaria |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Cun-Chen |last2=Zhang |first2=Wei-Xian |last3=He |first3=Yong |last4=Liu |first4=Jia-Hua |last5=Ju |first5=Chang-Shan |last6=Wu |first6=Qi-Long |last7=He |first7=Fang-Hang |last8=Peng |first8=Cheng-Sheng |last9=Zhang |first9=Mao |last10=Deng |first10=Sheng-Qun |date=2025-08-25 |title=Global Epidemiology of Vector-Borne Parasitic Diseases: Burden, Trends, Disparities, and Forecasts (1990-2036) |journal=Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) |volume=14 |issue=9 |page=844 |doi=10.3390/pathogens14090844 |issn=2076-0817 |pmc=12472468 |pmid=41011745 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauro na Aedes yana watsa chikungunya, dengue, lymphatic filariasis, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, da Zika.[1] Kwayar cutar chikungunya tana da alaƙa da kwayar cutar O'nyong'nyong wacce sauro na Anopheles ke ɗauka, tare da ƙwayoyin cuta biyu suna cikin nau'in Alphavirus.[2] Dengue, Rift Valley zazzabi, yellow zazzabi da Zika duk sun samo asali ne daga ƙwayoyin cuta.[1] Sauro na ''Culex'' suna aiki ne a matsayin masu ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta na Japan, filariasis na lymphatic, da zazzabin Nilu na Yamma. Encephalitis na Japan da zazzabin Yammacin Nilu duka suna haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta.<ref name="WHO Vector-borne diseases"/> An san ƙwayoyin cuta da ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cututtuka daban-daban sama da ɗari, gami da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, ƙwayoyin daji, da ƙwayoyi. Ana samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta a [[Turai]], [[Asiya]], da [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Gong |first=Lingling |last2=Diao |first2=Luteng |last3=Lv |first3=Tianbao |last4=Liu |first4=Yilin |last5=Liu |first5=Jiuxi |last6=Zhang |first6=Wenlong |last7=Xie |first7=Xufeng |last8=Cao |first8=Yongguo |date=2025-09-01 |title=A comprehensive review of tick-borne disease epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and prevention |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950248925000379 |journal=Animals and Zoonoses |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=254–265 |doi=10.1016/j.azn.2025.05.004 |issn=2950-2489 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsuntsaye suna aiki ne a matsayin masu yaduwa ga cututtuka irin su Cutar Lyme, encephalitis mai yaduwa, zazzabin jini na Crimea-Congo, zazzabi mai dawowa (wanda ake kira borreliosis), cututtukan rickettsial kamar zazzabi, da Tularemia.<ref name="WHO Vector-borne diseases"/> Cutar Lyme, sake dawowa zazzabi, cututtukan rickettsial, da tularaemia suna haifar da kwayoyin cuta. Cutar Lyme ta samo asali ne daga kwayar cuta ta ''[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]Borrelia''_burgdorferi" id="mwzw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Borrelia burgdorferi">Borrelia burgdorferi, yayin da zazzabi mai sake dawowa ya samo asali ne ta hanyar nau'ikan kwayar cuti na Borrelia. <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lopez |first=Job |last2=Hovius |first2=Joppe W. |last3=Bergström |first3=Sven |date=2021 |title=Pathogenesis of Relapsing Fever |journal=Current Issues in Molecular Biology |volume=42 |pages=519–550 |doi=10.21775/cimb.042.519 |issn=1467-3045 |pmc=8756760 |pmid=33372163}}</ref> Cututtukan Rickettsial sun fito ne daga ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsari na Rickettsiales kuma tularemia ya haifar da ƙwayoyin ''Francisella tularensis'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2025-08-22 |title=Rickettsial Diseases |url=https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/rickettsial-diseases.html |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=Yellow Book |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maurin |first=Max |last2=Gyuranecz |first2=Miklós |date=2016-01-01 |title=Tularaemia: clinical aspects in Europe |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309915003552 |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=113–124 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00355-2 |issn=1473-3099 |pmid=26738841 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Biyu daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin suna ɗauke da kwayar cutar encephalitis da kwayar cuta ta Crimean-Congo.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fereidouni |first=Mohammad |last2=Apanaskevich |first2=Dmitry A. |last3=Pecor |first3=David B. |last4=Pshenichnaya |first4=Natalia Yu |last5=Abuova |first5=Gulzhan N. |last6=Tishkova |first6=Farida H. |last7=Bumburidi |first7=Yekaterina |last8=Zeng |first8=Xiankun |last9=Kuhn |first9=Jens H. |last10=Keshtkar-Jahromi |first10=Maryam |date=April 2023 |title=Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Central, Eastern, and South-eastern Asia |journal=Virologica Sinica |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=171–183 |doi=10.1016/j.virs.2023.01.001 |issn=1995-820X |pmc=10926685 |pmid=36669701}}</ref> Kodayake sauro na Aedes suna iya ɗaukar kwayar cutar oropouche kuma suna taka rawa wajen yaduwar kwayar cutar a cikin dabbobi na daji kamar su sloths masu yatsunsu uku, primates, da tsuntsaye, cutar galibi tana yaduwa tsakanin mutane a cikin birane ta hanyar cinye tsutsa, musamman Culicoides paraensi . [1] Wadannan tsutsa masu cinyewa sun fi ƙanƙanta fiye da sauro, amma cinyewarsu sau da yawa sun fi zafi. Culex quinquefasciatus na iya taka rawa wajen yada kwayar cutar Oropouche tsakanin mutane a cikin saitunan birane, duk da haka, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sune babban abin da ke haifar da su.[1] Blackflies, wanda aka fi sani da ''Simulium rasyani,'' sune vector na onchocerciasis (wanda ake kira makaho na kogi), wanda ke haifar da nematode ''Onchocerca volvulus.'' Blackfly yana ɗauke da ''O. volvulus'' lokacin da ya sha jini daga ɗan adam mai kamuwa da cuta kuma ya ci microfilariae. Wadannan microfilariae suna motsawa zuwa tsakiyar ƙwayar baƙar fata sannan kuma tsokoki na kirji, inda zasu iya bunkasa cikin tsutsotsi kuma, daga baya, tsutsotsi masu kamuwa da cuta. Wadannan tsutsotsi masu kamuwa da cuta sai su koma ga proboscis na blackfly. Daga can, tsutsotsi masu kamuwa da cuta suna iya yaduwa zuwa sabon mai masaukin a lokacin da baƙar fata ta ɗauki abincin jini.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schwartz |first=Robert A. |last2=Al-Qubati |first2=Yasin |last3=Zieleniewski |first3=Łukasz |last4=Shah |first4=Radhika |last5=Kapila |first5=Rajendra |date=2020 |title=Onchocerciasis (river blindness): larva-induced eczema (onchodermatitis) from an important oculocutaneous tropical disease spilling over into North America and Europe |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ijd.14614 |journal=International Journal of Dermatology |language=en |volume=59 |issue=9 |pages=1065–1070 |doi=10.1111/ijd.14614 |issn=1365-4632 |pmid=31513297 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] axafs3k8ttarb81j8qgux6s860im13x 0 155790 888237 861884 2026-07-27T17:10:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rubutu mai gwaɓi''' '''Ilimin halin dan Adam na juyin halitta''', wanda aka fi sani da '''ilimin halin dan Adam na Darwin''', <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pearlson GD, Folley BS |date=July 2008 |title=Schizophrenia, psychiatric genetics, and Darwinian psychiatry: an evolutionary framework |journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=722–33 |doi=10.1093/schbul/sbm130 |pmc=2632450 |pmid=18033774}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |author-link=Jaak Panksepp |vauthors=Panksepp J |date=July 2006 |title=Emotional endophenotypes in evolutionary psychiatry |journal=Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=774–84 |doi=10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.004 |pmid=16554114 |s2cid=2763876}}</ref> wata hanya ce ta nazari kan ilimin halin dan Adam da ke da nufin bayyana cututtukan tabin hankali ta hanyar juyin halitta . <ref name="dubrovsky">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dubrovsky B |date=January 2002 |title=Evolutionary psychiatry. Adaptationist and nonadaptationist conceptualizations |journal=Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1016/S0278-5846(01)00243-3 |pmid=11853097 |s2cid=23854829}}</ref> A matsayin wani reshe na fannin ilimin halin dan Adam, ya bambanta da ilimin likitanci na ilimin halin dan Adam, ta hanyar mai da hankali kan samar da bayanai na kimiyya maimakon magunguna ga matsalolin kwakwalwa. Wannan sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da tambayoyi game da babban dalili . Misali, ilimin halittar kwakwalwa na iya gano kwayoyin halitta da ke da alaƙa da matsalolin kwakwalwa, amma ilimin halayyar juyin halitta yana tambaya dalilin da yasa waɗannan kwayoyin halitta ke ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jama'a. Sauran muhimman tambayoyi a cikin ilimin halayyar juyin halitta sune dalilin da yasa cututtukan kwakwalwa da aka gada suka zama ruwan dare, <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Keller MC, Miller G |date=August 2006 |title=Resolving the paradox of common, harmful, heritable mental disorders: which evolutionary genetic models work best? |journal=The Behavioral and Brain Sciences |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=385–404; discussion 405–52 |doi=10.1017/S0140525X06009095 |pmid=17094843}}</ref> yadda ake bambance aikin kwakwalwa da rashin aiki, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wakefield JC |date=April 1992 |title=Disorder as harmful dysfunction: a conceptual critique of DSM-III-R's definition of mental disorder |journal=Psychological Review |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=232–47 |doi=10.1037/0033-295X.99.2.232 |pmid=1594724}}</ref> da kuma ko wasu nau'ikan wahala sun ba da fa'ida ta daidaitawa. Matsalolin da aka fi la'akari da su sune baƙin ciki, [[Matsalar damuwa|damuwa]], [[Hauka|schizophrenia]], autism, matsalolin cin abinci, da sauransu. Manyan ra'ayoyi na bayani sune rashin daidaiton juyin halitta (lokacin da yanayin zamani ke haifar da yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa) da kuma gaskiyar cewa juyin halitta yana jagorantar nasarar haihuwa maimakon [[lafiya]] ko walwala . Maimakon samar da wani madadin bayani game da dalilin matsalar kwakwalwa, ilimin halayyar juyin halitta yana neman haɗa abubuwan da aka gano daga makarantun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na gargajiya kamar ilimin halayyar zamantakewa, halayyar ɗabi'a, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da nazarin halayyar ɗan adam cikin wani labarin gabaɗaya da ya shafi ilimin halittar juyin halitta. A wannan ma'anar, yana da nufin cika sharuɗɗan canjin yanayin Kuhnian . Duk da cewa ilimin halayyar juyin halitta ya yi tasiri sosai, <ref name="dubrovsky" /> kamar yadda Abed da St John-Smith suka lura a cikin 2016, "Ba kamar ilimin halayyar juyin halitta ba, wanda wani fanni ne mai ban sha'awa da bunƙasa na ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na ilimi tare da shirin bincike mai ƙarfi da kuma kuɗi mai kyau, ilimin halayyar juyin halitta ya kasance abin sha'awa ga ƙaramin adadin masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam waɗanda suka bazu a faɗin duniya." Ya sami karɓuwa a cikin cibiyoyi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, gami da ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar masu sha'awar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na juyin halitta a cikin Kwalejin Royal of Psychiatrists da Sashe kan Ilimin Halin Halittar Halitta a cikin Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya, <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Abed R, St John-Smith P |date=October 2016 |title=Evolutionary psychiatry: a new College special interest group |journal=BJPsych Bulletin |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=233–236 |doi=10.1192/pb.bp.115.052407 |pmc=5046779 |pmid=27752339}}</ref> kuma ya sami karɓuwa ta hanyar buga rubuce-rubuce da aka yi niyya ga masu sauraro kamar ''Good Reasons for Bad Feeling: Insight from the Frontier of Evolutionary Psychiatry'' ta Randolph Nesse. == Tarihi == Neman ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a cikin yanayinsa na zamani za a iya gano shi tun ƙarshen ƙarni na 20. Wani muhimmin rubutu shine littafin George Williams da Randolph Nesse mai suna ''Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine'' (wanda kuma za a iya ɗauka a matsayin alamar farkon maganin juyin halitta), littafin ''Evolutionary Psychiatry: A New Beginning'' wanda John Price da Anthony Stevens da sauransu suka buga. Duk da haka, tambayoyin da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ya shafi kansa suna da dogon tarihi, misali Julian Huxley da Ernst Mayr sun amince da su a cikin wani takarda ta farko <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Huxley J, Mayr E, Osmond H, Hoffer A |date=October 1964 |title=Schizophrenia as a Genetic Morphism |journal=Nature |volume=204 |issue=4955 |pages=220–1 |bibcode=1964Natur.204..220H |doi=10.1038/204220a0 |pmid=14212411 |s2cid=39056966}}</ref> suna la'akari da yiwuwar bayanin juyin halitta ga abin da aka sani da 'schizophrenia paradox'. Ra'ayoyin da ilimin halin ɗan adam na zamani ke amfani da su don bayyana matsalar kwakwalwa suma sun fi na yanzu tsufa, a lokuta da yawa. An daɗe ana fahimtar wahalar tunani a matsayin wani ɓangare na rayuwar ɗan adam wanda ba makawa, kuma wani lokacin yana da amfani, kuma ra'ayin hauka na allahntaka ya mamaye tsoffin al'ummomi da addinai. Cesare Lombroso, ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ya fara amfani da ka'idar juyin halitta don bayyana matsalar kwakwalwa tun daga 1864, yana mai ba da shawarar cewa hauka shine farashin baiwa, saboda kwakwalwar ɗan adam ba ta ci gaba da samun ƙarfin yin hankali da ƙirƙira ba amma ta kasance mai hankali. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mazzarello |first=Paolo |date=2011-07-03 |title=Cesare Lombroso: an anthropologist between evolution and degeneration |journal=Functional Neurology |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=97–101 |issn=0393-5264 |pmc=3814446 |pmid=21729591}}</ref> Darwin ya yi amfani da ka'idar juyin halitta don bayyana halaye da motsin zuciyar mutum, kuma ya fahimci amfanin nazarin matsalolin tunani don neman fahimtar aikin tunani na halitta. Freud ya sami rinjaye sosai daga ka'idar Darwin, kuma zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa, masu nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam sun ba da shawarar su yi nazarin ka'idar juyin halitta. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Marcaggi G, Guénolé F |date=2018-06-19 |title=Freudarwin: Evolutionary Thinking as a Root of Psychoanalysis |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=9 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00892 |pmc=6018481 |pmid=29971023 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An haɓaka ka'idar haɗin kai ta Bowlby a bayyane don nuni ga ka'idar juyin halitta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2021 |title=Bowlby, Darwin and group selection — a free energy neuroscience perspective |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDawEdTSdv0 |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=[[YouTube]] |language=en}}</ref> === Ƙungiyar Musamman ta Hankali ta Juyin Halitta (EPSIG) === A shekarar 2016, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ra'ayin Musamman ta Halayyar Juyin Halitta (EPSIG) a Kwalejin Royal of Psychiatrists, Birtaniya ta hannun Riadh Abed da Paul St-John Smith. <ref name=":3"/> Yanzu ita ce babbar cibiya ta duniya don haɗa likitocin tabin hankali da masu bincike da ke sha'awar ilimin tabin hankali na juyin halitta <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Evolutionary Psychiatry Special Interest Group |title=Newsletter No.Covid 19 edition 2020 |url=https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/members/sigs/evolutionary-psychiatry-epsig/covid-19-epsig-newsletter-final_.pdf?sfvrsn=136b5f99_2 |website=Royal College of Psychiatrists}}</ref> tare da membobi sama da 1700. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evolutionary Psychiatry Special Interest Group, RCPsych |date=June 2021 |title=Minutes for EPSIG AGM June 2021 |url=https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/epsig/minutes-for-epsig-agm-11-june-2021.pdf?sfvrsn=70dd3e03_2 |access-date=2021-06-22}}</ref> Ta gudanar da tarurruka da tarurruka da dama da aka keɓe ga ilimin tabin hankali na juyin halitta, tana ɗaukar laccoci daga manyan masana ilimi kamar Simon Baron-Cohen da Robin Dunbar . Duk tarurrukan suna samuwa a tashar YouTube ta EPSIGUK. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EPSIGUK YouTube channel |url=https://www.youtube.com/epsiguk |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> EPSIG kuma tana buga wasiƙun labarai na yau da kullun, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Newsletters |url=https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/members/special-interest-groups/evolutionary-psychiatry/newsletters |website=Royal College of Psychiatrists}}</ref> tana shirya tarurruka, gudanar da tambayoyi da kuma ɗaukar kasidu na musamman da suka shafi ilimin tabin hankali na juyin halitta (wanda har yanzu babu wani mujalla ta ilimi da aka keɓe). Kamar yadda Riadh Abed, (shugaban da ya gabata) ya bayyana a cikin wata wasiƙa "Manufofinmu duka manya ne kuma masu tsattsauran ra'ayi: su ne don a karɓi juyin halitta a matsayin babban tsarin ilimin tabin hankali da kuma don juyin halitta ya ɗauki matsayi a cikin fahimtarmu game da lafiyar kwakwalwa da rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa." <ref name=":9" /> Abed da St-John Smith sun gyara wani littafi na 2022 mai suna ''Evolutionary Psychiatry: Current Perspectives on Evolution and Mental Health'', wanda Kwalejin Royal of Psychiatrists da Cambridge University Press suka buga tare, wanda hakan ya zama babban littafi a fagen har zuwa yau, kuma shine tushen shirin farko da aka sadaukar domin ilimin tabin hankali na juyin halitta, wato shirin podcast [https://anchor.fm/evolvingpsychiatry na 'Evolutioning Psychiatry'] . == Aikin tunani da rashin aiki == Sau da yawa ana bayyana matsalolin kwakwalwa ta hanyar 'rashin aiki' a cikin littattafan ilimin tabin hankali kamar DSM, ba tare da takamaiman ma'anar abin da ke haifar da rashin aiki ba, wanda ke ba da damar a ɗauki duk wani yanayin tunanin da ake ɗauka a matsayin wanda ba a yarda da shi ba a cikin al'umma (kamar [[Jima'in jinsi|luwaɗi]] ) a matsayin rashin aiki, don haka matsalar tabin hankali. Ka'idar juyin halitta an sanya ta musamman don ta iya bambance aikin halittu daga rashin aiki ta hanyar hanyoyin juyin halitta. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Adam |date=2020 |title=The evolution of psychiatry |url=https://worksinprogress.co/issue/the-evolution-of-psychiatry/ |access-date=2021-06-22 |website=Works in Progress |language=en-US}}</ref> Ba kamar abubuwan da hanyoyin kimiyyar lissafi da [[Kimiyya|sinadarai]] ba, waɗanda ba za a iya cewa suna aiki ko rashin aiki ba, tsarin halittu samfuran juyin halitta ne ta hanyar zaɓin yanayi, don haka 'aikinsu' da 'rashin aiki' na iya dangantawa da wannan tsarin juyin halitta. Manufar aikin juyin halitta tana da alaƙa da nasarar haihuwa da aka samu ta hanyar abubuwan da suka haifar da yaɗuwar kwayoyin halitta. Idanu sun samo asali don gani - aikin idanu shine gani - don haka idanu marasa aiki sune waɗanda ba za su iya gani ba. Wannan jin daɗin aiki an bayyana shi ta hanyar tarihin juyin halitta na gani wanda ke samar da nasarar haihuwa, ba ra'ayoyin al'adu na yanzu na daidaito da rashin aiki ba waɗanda ra'ayoyin gama gari na lafiya da rashin lafiya suka dogara akai-akai. Ma'anar 'Rashin Aiki Mai Haɗari' ta Jerome Wakefield mai tasiri ta cuta tana amfani da tasirin da aka zaɓa ta hanyar juyin halitta don kafa manufar 'rashin aiki' a cikin tsarin juyin halitta na haƙiƙa. Wakefield ya ba da shawarar cewa rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa dole ne ya zama mai cutarwa, a cikin ma'anar da aka ayyana ta ƙimar, kuma mara aiki, a cikin ma'anar juyin halitta. Wannan tushen rashin aiki a cikin tsarin tarihi na zahiri yana da mahimmanci a cikin mahallin tarihin tabin hankali na sanya yanayin tunani da halaye marasa kyau a cikin zamantakewa a matsayin 'cututtuka', kamar al'aurar mata da luwaɗi. Littattafan bincike na yanzu ana yanke hukunci ne bisa ga yarjejeniya. Misali, a cikin 1973 APA ta kira kuri'a don sake duba matsayin luwaɗi a matsayin matsalar kwakwalwa. Da rinjaye 58%, an soke shi. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Drescher J |date=December 2015 |title=Out of DSM: Depathologizing Homosexuality |journal=Behavioral Sciences |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=565–75 |doi=10.3390/bs5040565 |pmc=4695779 |pmid=26690228 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri nau'in rashin aikin hali na kan iyaka bisa ga takarda ɗaya da yarjejeniya tsakanin likitocin tabin hankali kusan goma sha biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Davies J |date=April 2017 |title=How Voting and Consensus Created the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) |journal=Anthropology & Medicine |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=32–46 |doi=10.1080/13648470.2016.1226684 |pmid=27650639 |s2cid=33057318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin 2014 likitocin tabin hankali sun kaɗa ƙuri'a kan fasalulluka na sabon cuta, matsalar caca ta intanet . <ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Petry NM, Rehbein F, Gentile DA, Lemmens JS, Rumpf HJ, Mößle T, Bischof G, Tao R, Fung DS, Borges G, Auriacombe M, González Ibáñez A, Tam P, O'Brien CP |date=September 2014 |title=An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach |journal=Addiction |volume=109 |issue=9 |pages=1399–406 |doi=10.1111/add.12457 |pmid=24456155}}</ref> Dogaro da ƙuri'u da yarjejeniya ta ƙwararru maimakon shaida ta gaskiya ko alamun halitta zargi ne na daɗe da ake yi wa ilimin tabin hankali wanda ilimin tabin hankali na juyin halitta zai iya gujewa ta hanyar ɗaukar ma'anar juyin halitta na rashin aiki. == Dalilin juyin halitta da tambayoyin Tinbergen guda huɗu == Tambayoyin bincike da damuwar da ke tattare da maganin juyin halitta da ilimin halin dan Adam za a iya bambanta su daga binciken likitancin halittu na yau da kullun da na ilimin halayyar dan Adam a matsayin tambayar tambayoyi na ƙarshe maimakon tambayoyi na kusanci. Ernst Mayr ya gabatar da wannan bambancin na ƙarshe <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mayr E |date=November 1961 |title=Cause and effect in biology |journal=Science |volume=134 |issue=3489 |pages=1501–6 |bibcode=1961Sci...134.1501M |doi=10.1126/science.134.3489.1501 |pmid=14471768}}</ref> don gano matakai daban-daban na bayanin dalili: bayanai na kusanci suna nufin hanyoyin ilmin halitta na injiniya (misali kwayoyin halitta, ci gaban kwayoyin halitta, hormones, tsarin jijiyoyi da aiki) yayin da bayanai na ƙarshe suna tambaya game da tsarin juyin halitta na zaɓin halitta wanda ya haifar da waɗannan tsarin halittu da hanyoyin aiki kamar yadda aka lura. Ana iya ɗaukar wannan a matsayin bayanin kusanci tambayoyi ne na 'yaya' yayin da bayanai na ƙarshe tambayoyi ne na 'dalilai'. Niko Tinbergen ya ƙara gyara wannan bambancin da ke kusa zuwa cikin 'tambayoyinsa guda huɗu'. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bateson P, Laland KN |date=December 2013 |title=Tinbergen's four questions: an appreciation and an update |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |volume=28 |issue=12 |pages=712–8 |bibcode=2013TEcoE..28..712B |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2013.09.013 |pmid=24144467}}</ref> Ana iya yin waɗannan tambayoyin na '''tsari, ontogeny, aiki da phylogeny''' game da kowace irin siffa ko cuta (sau da yawa hali, kodayake ba lallai ba ne) don gano tambayoyi daban-daban na dalili waɗanda suka dace a lokaci guda. Za a iya raba tambayoyi masu kusanci zuwa tambayoyi na '''tsari''', waɗanda suka shafi yadda sifar take aiki, tsari da tsarin tsarin halittarta, da kuma tambayoyin '''ontogeny''' ko ci gaban mutum wanda ya shafi yadda sifar take girma a cikin mutum. Tambayoyi na ƙarshe na iya zama ko dai na '''aikin''' juyin halitta ko ƙimar daidaitawa, wanda ya shafi yadda halin ya rinjayi dacewa a duk tarihin juyin halitta; da kuma tambayoyin '''phylogeny''' ko juyin halitta, waɗanda suka shafi tarihin wani siffa a ƙarƙashin bishiyar phylogenetic. Domin ɗaukar misalin baƙin ciki, za mu iya tambaya game da hanyoyin da ke kusa (misali halayen neurotransmitter), ci gaban ontgenetic (misali ci gaban jijiyoyi a tsawon rayuwar mutum), aikin daidaitawa (misali tsarin yanayi mai ƙarancin yanayi) da kuma phylogeny (misali ƙarancin yanayi a bayyane a martanin shan kashi na zamantakewa a cikin birai). == Mahimman ra'ayoyi masu bayani a cikin ilimin halayyar juyin halitta == Matsalar tabin hankali tana faruwa ne sakamakon dalilai daban-daban na muhalli da kwayoyin halitta, tare da bambance-bambancen jijiyoyi daban-daban masu rikitarwa - amma maganin juyin halitta ya fahimci ƙa'idodi da dama na gabaɗaya waɗanda ke ba da damar kamuwa da cuta. An daidaita shi daga Nesse (2019), Stearns (2016) da Gluckman (2016). === Nasarar haihuwa akan lafiya === Zabin yanayi yana aiki ne akan lafiyar haihuwa, ba yanayin halitta ba wanda za a iya ɗauka a matsayin lafiya; ana zaɓar yanayi masu lafiya ne kawai idan suna da tasiri mai kyau akan nasarar haihuwa. Ana amfani da wannan a cikin maganin juyin halitta don bayyana tsufa da cututtukan tsufa: cututtukan da suka bayyana bayan shekarun haihuwa ba su da tasiri sosai akan haihuwa. Wahalar tunani da yanayi daban-daban na fahimta waɗanda zasu iya zama marasa lafiya ko rashin tsari na iya zama sakamakon hanyoyin juyin halitta idan sun ƙara nasarar haihuwa. Ana iya ganin shaidar wannan a cikin cututtuka da ke da alaƙa da rashin aiki mai yawa, amma matsakaicin matakan haihuwa. === Rashin Daidaito === Rashin daidaiton juyin halitta yana faruwa ne lokacin da halayen da suka samo asali suka zama marasa daidaituwa saboda canje-canje a muhalli. Wannan abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari da ke haifar da canjin juyin halitta (misali a cikin ƙwaro mai barkono) kuma yana da alaƙa da magani lokacin da halayen da ba su dace ba suka haifar da matsalolin da ke shafar lafiya. Yanayin tabin hankali na iya zama yanayi da suka samo asali wanda muke fassara shi a matsayin rikice-rikice saboda ba su dace da tsammaninmu na zamantakewa ba; ko kuma suna iya zama yanayi ko halaye na tunani waɗanda za su bayyana lafiya a cikin muhallin kakanni, amma su zama cututtuka saboda wasu siffofi na muhallin zamani. Shaidar rashin daidaito ta fi bayyana lokacin da ake kwatanta mutanen gargajiya da mutanen zamani ko kuma lokacin da sabbin abubuwan muhalli suka taso waɗanda ke haifar da cututtuka a bayyane (misali samuwar abinci mai araha, mai yawan kalori wanda ke haifar da kiba). === Tsaro === Amsoshin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kamar tsoro da firgici suna da sauƙin daidaitawa a yanayi da yawa, musamman ma na haɗari da ke gabatowa, kuma ana ganin su a cikin nau'ikan halittu daban-daban. Wasu matsalolin kwakwalwa na iya faruwa ne sakamakon irin waɗannan martanin, ko dai a matsayin rashin iya daidaita martanin da kyau, ko kuma a matsayin tsari mai daidaitawa wanda aka tsara musamman don yin aiki fiye da kima saboda farashin lafiyar amsawa ya fi ƙarfin fa'idar lafiyar jiki - wanda ake kira ƙa'idar gano hayaki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nesse |first=R. M. |date=2001 |title=The smoke detector principle. Natural selection and the regulation of defensive responses |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=935 |pages=75–85 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x |issn=0077-8923 |pmid=11411177 |s2cid=20128143 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Gaskiyar cewa irin waɗannan abubuwan suna da matuƙar damuwa, suna raunana jiki kuma ba su dace ba yana haifar da ganewar su a matsayin cututtukan kwakwalwa. === Daidaiton zaɓin sauye-sauye === Zabin yanayi yana aiki ne akan maye gurbi na kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke cikin kowace tsara, yana kawar da waɗanda ke rage ƙarfin jiki da kuma ƙara yawan waɗanda ke inganta ƙarfin jiki. Sauye-sauye kuma suna iya rage ƙarfin jiki fiye da inganta shi. Sifofin halittu masu girman maye gurbi mai girma, kamar kwakwalwa, inda sama da kashi 80% na kwayar halittar ke bayyana, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Negi SK, Guda C |date=April 2017 |title=Global gene expression profiling of healthy human brain and its application in studying neurological disorders |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=7 |issue=1 |bibcode=2017NatSR...7..897N |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-00952-9 |pmc=5429860 |pmid=28420888}}</ref> suna da yuwuwar a yi zargin maye gurbi mai cutarwa wanda ke shafar aikin fahimta, wanda daga nan ake cire shi ta hanyar zaɓin yanayi. Irin waɗannan maye gurbi galibi suna da alaƙa da nakasa ta hankali, wasu lokuta na autism, [[Hauka|schizophrenia]], da sauran cututtuka da yawa. Gaskiyar cewa maye gurbi na de-novo yana haifar da irin waɗannan rikice-rikice a wasu lokuta an yi amfani da shi don jayayya cewa sauran shari'o'in suna faruwa ne ta hanyar hanyoyin cututtuka da ba a gano ba tukuna, kodayake kasancewar [[Bambancin muhalli|bambancin ra'ayi]] a cikin rukunan cuta da rashin gano ilimin halittar da aka gano duk da aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin ilimin halittar kwakwalwa da [[Genetics|kwayoyin halitta]] shaida ce akan wannan ra'ayi. == Bayanin juyin halitta game da takamaiman cututtuka == === Ciwon Schizophrenia === [[Hauka|Ciwon Schizophrenia]] galibi yana da alaƙa da tabin hankali ( [[Hallucination|mafarki]] da ruɗi ) da kuma alamun raunin fahimta kamar magana mara kyau, rashin sha'awar ayyukan yau da kullun da kuma rashin tunani mai kyau. Wannan shine mafi munin yanayi na schizophrenia ko psychosis spectrum, wanda ya haɗa da schizotypy da sauran cututtukan psychotic, wanda ake iya cewa ya kai ga abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba kamar fahimtar fatalwowi ko kuma yarda da sihiri waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a cikin jama'a. Schizophrenia cuta ce ta gado, wadda ta fi yawa a cikin ƙasa da kashi 1% na yawan jama'a, tare da mummunan tasirin haihuwa, musamman a cikin maza. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Haukka J, Suvisaari J, Lönnqvist J |date=March 2003 |title=Fertility of patients with schizophrenia, their siblings, and the general population: a cohort study from 1950 to 1959 in Finland |journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=160 |issue=3 |pages=460–3 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.460 |pmid=12611825}}</ref> Saboda haka, wataƙila ita ce yanayin tabin hankali na farko da aka bayyana a fili a matsayin wanda ke buƙatar bayani game da juyin halitta, <ref name=":10"/> a cikin abin da ake kira 'ƙalubalantar schizophrenia' (wanda yanzu aka fi sani da ƙalubalantar cututtukan kwakwalwa na yau da kullun, masu cutarwa, da na gado <ref name=":4"/> ). Don bayyana juriyar schizophrenia, an yi hasashe daban-daban na juyin halitta. Hasashe na schizophrenia a matsayin rashin aiki na gaske yana da yawa. An yi hasashen cewa schizophrenia wani abu ne da ba ya aiki daga juyin halittar ɗan adam don harshe da kwakwalwa a gefe, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Crow TJ |date=January 1996 |title=Language and psychosis: common evolutionary origins |journal=Endeavour |language=en |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=105–109 |doi=10.1016/0160-9327(96)10023-5 |issn=0160-9327}}</ref> ko kuma rashin aikin kwakwalwar zamantakewa, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Crespi B, Badcock C |date=June 2008 |title=Psychosis and autism as diametrical disorders of the social brain |url=https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/21571/ |journal=The Behavioral and Brain Sciences |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=241–61; discussion 261–320 |doi=10.1017/S0140525X08004214 |pmid=18578904}}</ref> ko kuma yana da alaƙa da ka'idar tunani . <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brüne M |date=January 2005 |title="Theory of mind" in schizophrenia: a review of the literature |journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=21–42 |doi=10.1093/schbul/sbi002 |pmid=15888423 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wasu ka'idoji sun yi nuni da yuwuwar cewa yana faruwa ne sakamakon daidaiton zaɓin maye gurbi . <ref name=":4"/> Duk da haka, an gano maye gurbi da ake tsammani da ba a saba gani ba da kuma ''de novo'' ne kawai a cikin ƙaramin adadin lokuta. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Keller MC |date=May 2018 |title=Evolutionary Perspectives on Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Psychiatric Disorders |journal=Annual Review of Clinical Psychology |volume=14 |pages=471–493 |doi=10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084854 |pmid=29401047}}</ref> Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da schizophrenia sun zama ruwan dare a cikin jama'a, suna sa hasashen daidaitawa ya zama mai yiwuwa, kamar yadda aka lura tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 20. <ref name=":10"/> Hasashe da ke bayyana schizophrenia a matsayin sakamakon daidaitawa ya bambanta sosai. Masana ka'idoji na farko sun ba da shawarar cewa yana isar da ci gaba ga tsarin garkuwar jiki ko murmurewa daga rashin lafiya <ref name=":10"/> ko kuma yana sauƙaƙa raba ƙungiyoyi. An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga dogon ra'ayoyin al'adu na hauka dangane da baiwa, Nettle ya ba da shawarar cewa schizotypy na iya alaƙa da nasarar ƙirƙira, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nettle D, Clegg H |date=March 2006 |title=Schizotypy, creativity and mating success in humans |journal=Proceedings. Biological Sciences |volume=273 |issue=1586 |pages=611–5 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2005.3349 |pmc=1560060 |pmid=16537133}}</ref> wanda ya ƙara wa nasarar haɗuwa, kuma cewa tasirin kyawawan halayen schizotypal na iya zama dalilin da yasa waɗannan halaye suka ci gaba. Duk da haka, an gano cewa fa'idar haihuwa da aka auna ta irin waɗannan halaye ba ta fi ƙarfin farashin schizophrenia ta hanyar dacewa da juna ba (kodayake wannan na iya kasancewa saboda son zuciya ). <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Del Giudice M |date=December 2010 |title=Reduced fertility in patients' families is consistent with the sexual selection model of schizophrenia and schizotypy |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=5 |issue=12 |bibcode=2010PLoSO...516040D |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0016040 |pmc=3012205 |pmid=21253008 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ka'idar shamanism ta schizophrenia ta bayyana cewa a cikin al'ummomin gargajiya, ƙwarewar tabin hankali ta taimaka wa masu sihiri ( masu sihiri da masu addini kamar masu magani, masu duba, masu sihiri, masu fitar da mutane da masu duba). Shamanism wani abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin al'ummomin ɗan adam, inda wasu mutane ake ganin suna da alaƙa ta musamman da duniyar allahntaka wanda ke ba su ikon yin sihiri, musamman warkarwa. Wannan musamman ana amfani da shi don bayyana abubuwan da suka shafi addini da girma na abubuwan da suka shafi tabin hankali da kuma imani da ikon allahntaka, waɗanda ƙila an yi imani da su maimakon a kafirta su a cikin al'ummomin gargajiya. Farkon schizophrenia kuma yana kama da farkon shaman, wanda galibi yana nuna mafarki, ruɗi da maganganu marasa ma'ana. Masana ilimin ɗan adam sun san alaƙar da ke tsakanin shamanism da hauka tsawon shekaru da yawa (misali "...mutane masu fama da tabin hankali galibi ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin masu tsarki a cikin al'ummomin farko" <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ränk G |date=August 1967 |title=Shamanism as a research subject: some methodological viewpoints |journal=Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis |volume=1 |pages=15–22 |doi=10.30674/scripta.67020 |issn=2343-4937 |doi-access=free}}</ref> da kuma "Ana wulaƙanta hankali a Niue a yau, amma hauka har yanzu yana buƙatar girmamawa" <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Loeb EM |date=1924-07-09 |title=The Shaman of Niue |journal=American Anthropologist |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=393–402 |doi=10.1525/aa.1924.26.3.02a00090 |issn=0002-7294 |doi-access=}}</ref> ) amma sabon sake fasalin ka'idar shine ta Joseph Polimeni, wanda ya yi jayayya cewa shamans suna sauƙaƙa aikin rukuni, don haka tabin hankali ya samo asali ne sakamakon zaɓin rukuni. Masu suka sun yi jayayya cewa yanayin trance da kamun kai da shamans ke nunawa ba su da alaƙa da halayen schizophrenia. === Ciwon Hawan Hankali da Rashin Hankali (ADHD) === Ciwon Hana Hankali/Rashin Hankali/Rashin Hankali yana bincika asalin cututtukan kwakwalwa ta hanyar la'akari da yadda wasu halaye suka kasance masu amfani a cikin muhallin kakanninmu. Ana bincika Ciwon Hana Hankali/Rashin Hankali ( [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|ADHD]] ) a cikin tsarin ilimin halin dan Adam na juyin halitta wanda ya fahimci dalilin da yasa halayen da ke da alaƙa da wannan cuta suka ci gaba da wanzuwa a cikin mutane. Wani hasashe ya nuna cewa halaye kamar yawan aiki, rashin himma, da neman sabon abu sun kasance masu amfani ga al'ummomin mafarauta da masu tara kaya. Waɗannan halaye na iya haɓaka rayuwa ta hanyar haɓaka bincike, yanke shawara cikin sauri, da daidaitawa a cikin yanayin da ke canzawa. Ka'idar "mafarauta da manoma" ta nuna cewa yayin da irin waɗannan halaye suka kasance masu amfani ga mafarauta makiyaya, sun zama marasa dacewa da zuwan al'ummomin noma marasa zama, wanda ke haifar da rikice-rikice da tsarin zamantakewa na zamani da tsammanin. <ref> {{Cite web |date=2023-10-17 |title=ADHD |url=https://www.columbiapsychiatry.org/research/research-areas/child-and-adolescent-psychiatry/sultan-lab-mental-health-informatics/research-areas/adhd |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=Columbia University Department of Psychiatry |language=en}} </ref> <ref> {{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=Evolution and ADHD |url=https://www.columbiapsychiatry.org/research/research-areas/child-and-adolescent-psychiatry/sultan-lab-mental-health-informatics/research-areas/evolutionary-psychiatry/evolution-and-adhd |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=Columbia University Department of Psychiatry |language=en}} </ref> Masu goyon bayan wannan ra'ayi suna jayayya cewa halayen ADHD ba su da alaƙa da cututtuka amma rashin daidaito ne tsakanin halayen daidaitawa na da da kuma yanayin zamani. Wannan hujja ta dace da babban ra'ayi na bambancin jijiyoyi kuma tana ƙarfafa sake kimanta ADHD, tana haɓaka fahimta da daidaitawa maimakon mayar da hankali kawai kan kula da alamun cutar. Wasu likitocin tabin hankali sun fara kula da tsarin juyin halitta na ADHD. <ref> {{Cite web |title=Integrative Psych: Best ADHD Therapists Psychiatrists Treatment Experts NYC |url=https://www.integrative-psych.org/adhd-testing-specialist-doctors-near-me |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=integrative-psych.org}} </ref> Masu suka sun yi gargaɗin cewa bayanin juyin halitta na iya sauƙaƙa haɗakar abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyin halitta, muhalli, da ci gaban jijiyoyi waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ADHD. Sun jaddada mahimmancin hanyoyin da suka dogara da shaida wajen gano cututtuka da magani, suna lura cewa yayin da ka'idodin juyin halitta ke ba da fahimta mai ban sha'awa, bai kamata su maye gurbin hanyoyin kimiyya da aka kafa ba. Kodayake ra'ayin mai jan hankali cewa ADHD a da yana da fa'ida yana kamawa a kafofin watsa labarai. === Ciwon Autism (ASD) === Cutar Autism tana da alaƙa da matsaloli wajen mu'amala da zamantakewa da sadarwa, da kuma halaye masu tauri da maimaitawa. A ƙasashe masu ci gaba, kusan kashi 2.8% na yara (1 cikin 36) an gano suna da ASD {{As of|2023}} , daga kashi 0.7% a shekarar 2000 a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maenner |first=Matthew J. |date=2023 |title=Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020 |journal=MMWR Surveillance Summaries |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.ss7202a1 |pmc=10026785 |pmid=36921310}}</ref> {{As of|2017}} , <ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Lyall K, Croen L, Daniels J, Fallin MD, Ladd-Acosta C, Lee BK, Park BY, Snyder NW, Schendel D, Volk H, Windham GC, Newschaffer C |date=March 2017 |title=The Changing Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders |journal=Annual Review of Public Health |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=81–102 |bibcode=2017ARPH...38...81L |doi=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044318 |pmc=6566093 |pmid=28068486}}</ref> ya tashi daga kashi 0.7% a shekarar 2000 a Amurka. Ana gano cutar sau huɗu zuwa biyar fiye da mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ASD data and statistics |url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418153648/http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html |archive-date=18 April 2014 |access-date=11 July 2016 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Autism ya bambanta sosai tsakanin mutane (yana da [[Bambancin muhalli|bambancin ra'ayi]] sosai) tare da dalilai daban-daban ga mutane daban-daban. Wasu lokuta ana haifar da su ne ta hanyar maye gurbi masu illa <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |vauthors=de la Torre-Ubieta L, Won H, Stein JL, Geschwind DH |date=April 2016 |title=Advancing the understanding of autism disease mechanisms through genetics |journal=Nature Medicine |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=345–61 |doi=10.1038/nm.4071 |pmc=5072455 |pmid=27050589}}</ref> ko raunin da ya faru a lokacin haihuwa da kuma na jarirai, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mandy W, Lai MC |date=March 2016 |title=Annual Research Review: The role of the environment in the developmental psychopathology of autism spectrum condition |journal=Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=271–92 |doi=10.1111/jcpp.12501 |pmid=26782158 |doi-access=free}}</ref> wanda ba a buƙatar bayani mai daidaitawa. Waɗannan shari'o'in galibi suna da alaƙa da nakasa ta hankali . Kiyasi ya nuna cewa tsakanin 5-20% na bakan autism za a iya bayyana su ta hanyar waɗannan hanyoyin rashin aiki, musamman na kwayoyin halitta. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bourgeron T |date=September 2015 |title=From the genetic architecture to synaptic plasticity in autism spectrum disorder |journal=Nature Reviews. Neuroscience |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=551–63 |doi=10.1038/nrn3992 |pmid=26289574 |s2cid=12742356}}</ref> <ref name=":11" /> Duk da haka, wasu shari'o'in autism sun cancanci bayani mai daidaitawa. Gaskiyar cewa akwai bayanai da yawa game da autism yana haifar da rikici a cikin al'ummar autism, musamman tsakanin masu goyon bayan hangen nesa na bambancin jijiyoyi da membobin iyali da ke kula da mutanen da ke da ASD waɗanda ke da nakasa mai tsanani. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Concept of Neurodiversity Is Dividing the Autism Community |url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-concept-of-neurodiversity-is-dividing-the-autism-community/ |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=Scientific American Blog Network |language=en}}</ref> Tun bayan fim ɗin Rain Man da kuma ci gaban ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na neuro-diversity da autism, ra'ayin autism a matsayin wani abu da ke isar da ƙarfin fahimta ya ƙara shahara, duk da cewa an sami fahimtar ƙwarewar autism ta musamman a rubuce-rubucen farko na Hans Asperger wanda ya kira marasa lafiyarsa 'ƙananan farfesoshi'. Masana autism kamar Temple Grandin sun ba da shawara cewa kakannin masu farauta da tattara autism sun kasance muhimman mutane a cikin al'umma, musamman saboda ƙwarewarsu ta ƙirƙira: {{Blockquote|'Who do you think made the first stone spear? (...) That wasn't the yakkity yaks sitting around the campfire. It was some Asperger sitting in the back of a cave figuring out how to chip rocks into spearheads. Without some autistic traits you wouldn't even have a recording device to record this conversation on."<ref>{{Cite news| vauthors = Weiss B | date=2010-02-23|title=Life Among the 'Yakkity Yaks'|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703525704575061123564007514|access-date=2021-06-03|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>}} Babban mai bincike kan cutar Autism, Simon Baron-Cohen, ya gabatar da cewa Autism wani nau'in fahimta ne mai matuƙar tsari, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Baron-Cohen S |date=June 2002 |title=The extreme male brain theory of autism |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=248–254 |doi=10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01904-6 |pmid=12039606 |s2cid=8098723}}</ref> akan tsarin fahimtar juna wanda dukkan mutane ke faɗawa ciki, wanda ke da alaƙa da yanayin abubuwan da mutane ke sha'awa. Ya fahimci baiwar da mutane da yawa ke da ita ta Autism a wani fanni na ilimi ko fasaha da ba na ɗan adam ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Baron-Cohen S, Ashwin E, Ashwin C, Tavassoli T, Chakrabarti B |date=May 2009 |title=Talent in autism: hyper-systemizing, hyper-attention to detail and sensory hypersensitivity |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |volume=364 |issue=1522 |pages=1377–83 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0337 |pmc=2677592 |pmid=19528020}}</ref> A cikin littafinsa, ''"The Pattern Seekers: how autism drives human kiredit"'', ya gabatar da ka'idar ƙirƙira ta ɗan adam wadda ta sanya mutanen Autism a matsayin waɗanda ke da nau'ikan waɗannan halaye na ƙirƙira (ko tsara). Bernard Crespi ya ba da shawarar cewa autism cuta ce ta babban hankali, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Crespi BJ |date=2016-06-30 |title=Autism As a Disorder of High Intelligence |journal=Frontiers in Neuroscience |volume=10 |page=300 |doi=10.3389/fnins.2016.00300 |pmc=4927579 |pmid=27445671 |doi-access=free}}</ref> yana lura da cewa autism yawanci yana ƙunshe da ingantattun sassan hankali amma marasa daidaito. Wannan hasashen yana da goyon bayan shaidu da ke nuna cewa autism da babban IQ suna da alaƙa daban-daban, ciki har da girman kwakwalwa mai girma, saurin girma a kwakwalwa, ƙaruwar ƙarfin ji da gani, haɓaka ayyukan synaptic, ƙaruwar mai da hankali, matsayi mai girma a fannin zamantakewa, yanke shawara mai zurfi, sana'a da sha'awar aiki a fannin injiniyanci da kimiyyar jiki, da kuma manyan matakan haɗuwa masu kyau. Saboda haka, matsin lamba na zaɓin juyin halitta na baya-bayan nan don babban hankali a cikin mutane ya haifar da haɗarin autism. === Matsalar Halayyar Dan Adam da Ba ta Da Alaƙa da Zamantakewa === Rashin lafiyar halayyar ɗan adam (wani lokacin ana kiransa da sociopathy ko psychopathy ), yana da alaƙa da yaudara, rashin tausayi da laifi, rashin gaggawa, da kuma rashin zamantakewa. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Glenn AL, Kurzban R, Raine A |date=September 2011 |title=Evolutionary theory and psychopathy |journal=Aggression and Violent Behavior |language=en |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=371–380 |doi=10.1016/j.avb.2011.03.009 |issn=1359-1789}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa yawan masu tabin hankali a cikin jama'a ya kai kusan kashi 1%, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Neumann CS, Hare RD |date=October 2008 |title=Psychopathic traits in a large community sample: links to violence, alcohol use, and intelligence |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=76 |issue=5 |pages=893–9 |doi=10.1037/0022-006X.76.5.893 |pmid=18837606}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Coid J, Yang M, Ullrich S, Roberts A, Hare RD |date=March 2009 |title=Prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits in the household population of Great Britain |url=http://roar.uel.ac.uk/660/1/Coid%2C%20JW%20%282009%29%20IJLP%2032%20%282%29%2065-73.pdf |journal=International Journal of Law and Psychiatry |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=65–73 |doi=10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.01.002 |pmid=19243821 |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2020-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123041506/https://repository.uel.ac.uk/download/205a1ede0ed89beb564f218560216129c94d4320f39a5edac15b7be5bdcf1242/186297/Coid%2C%20JW%20%282009%29%20IJLP%2032%20%282%29%2065-73.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kashi 20% a cikin fursunoni <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wormith S |year=2000 |title=Review of Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. |journal=Canadian Psychology |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=134–136 |doi=10.1037/h0088168}}</ref> tare da yawan masu tabin hankali a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] fiye da [[Turai]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Coid J, Yang M, Ullrich S, Roberts A, Moran P, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Jenkins R, Farrell M, Lewis G, Singleton N, Hare R |date=May 2009 |title=Psychopathy among prisoners in England and Wales |url=http://roar.uel.ac.uk/661/1/Coid%2C%20J%20%282009%29%20IJLP%2032%20%283%29%20134_141.pdf |journal=International Journal of Law and Psychiatry |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=134–41 |doi=10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.02.008 |pmid=19345418 |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2017-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922022611/http://roar.uel.ac.uk/661/1/Coid%2C%20J%20%282009%29%20IJLP%2032%20%283%29%20134_141.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana ɗaukar cutar tabin hankali, narcissism da Machiavellianism a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dark Triad, halaye waɗanda galibi ana siffanta su da son kai da ƙarancin gamsuwa. <ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Jonason PK, Li NP, Webster GD, Schmitt DP |date=February 2009 |title=The dark triad: Facilitating a short-term mating strategy in men |url=https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/960 |journal=European Journal of Personality |language=en |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=5–18 |doi=10.1002/per.698 |issn=0890-2070 |s2cid=12854051}}</ref> An gabatar da ra'ayoyi daban-daban na juyin halitta don bayyana tabin hankali da kuma Triad mai duhu. A cikin mahallin kakanninmu, babban sha'awar kai da ƙarancin tausayi na iya aiki a matsayin dabarun haɗuwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Akwai shaida cewa halayen Triad mai duhu suna da alaƙa mai kyau da adadin abokan hulɗa na jima'i, [[Jima'i na zamantakewa|zamantakewa]] mai rikitarwa da fifiko ga abokan hulɗa na ɗan gajeren lokaci. <ref name=":6"/> Glenn da abokan aikinsa <ref name=":5"/> sun bayyana ka'idoji guda biyu kan yadda zaɓi zai iya ba da damar halayen tabin hankali. Na farko shine dabarar rayuwa mai sauri, wacce ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin mai da hankali kan makomar, ɗaukar haɗari mai yawa da kuma haɗuwa ta ɗan gajeren lokaci. Na biyu shine daidaiton zaɓin maye gurbi, tare da ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa waɗanda ba su da tasiri da aka zaɓa a kansu, waɗanda, idan aka tara su, na iya haifar da halayyar tabin hankali, ba tare da wani babban cikas ga lafiyar haihuwa ba. Labarin Mealey mai tasiri <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mealey L |date=September 1995 |title=The sociobiology of sociopathy: An integrated evolutionary model |url=http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0140525X00039595 |journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences |language=en |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=523–541 |doi=10.1017/S0140525X00039595 |issn=0140-525X |s2cid=53956461 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119082544/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/abs/sociobiology-of-sociopathy-an-integrated-evolutionary-model/A5F1DDC8F0D32E036B725FE7BFA761AF |archive-date=2023-11-19 |access-date=2021-06-03}}</ref> ya bayyana cewa an tsara masu tabin hankali don yaudarar zamantakewa kuma an haɓaka su don bin dabarun rayuwa na yaudara ko dabarun yaudara, (wanda aka nuna a cikin samfuran haɗin gwiwa na masu yaudara na ka'idar wasa ). Dabaru na yaudara suna da ƙarfi a ƙananan mitoci a cikin jama'a, amma za a gano su kuma a hukunta su a mafi yawan mitoci. Wannan dabarar da ta dogara da mita za ta bayyana yawan halayen tabin hankali a cikin jama'a. Mealey <ref name=":8"/> ta yi kalamai huɗu game da tabin hankali: # Akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da cutar tabin hankali (psychopathy), wadda galibi take yaduwa a cikin dukkan al'ummomi. # Za a ɗauki wasu mutane kaɗan a matsayin "mahaukata a ɗabi'a " a kowace [[al'ada]], saboda cike wannan ƙaramin yanki da ya dogara da mita. # Dangane da yanayin muhalli, mutanen da ba su da tsauri a kan ci gaba za su bi irin wannan dabarar yaudara. # Akwai wani ci gaba na kwayoyin halitta na tabin hankali a cikinmu duka, yana bayyana ne lokacin da dabarun hana zamantakewa suka fi riba a wasu yanayi. Mealey <ref name=":8"/> ta kuma bayyana yawan maza da ke kamuwa da cutar da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli (ƙananan kyawun jiki, shekaru, lafiya, kyawun jiki, hankali, yanayin tattalin arziki, da ƙwarewar zamantakewa) a matsayin alamun cewa dabarun yaudara sun fi dacewa, shi ya sa waɗannan abubuwan ke da alaƙa da halayen tabin hankali. === Damuwa === [[Babban rashin damuwa|Babban rashin jin daɗi]] (MDD) yana da alaƙa da aƙalla makonni biyu na rashin jin daɗi mai ɗorewa. Yana tare da nau'ikan jin daɗi iri-iri kamar ƙarancin girman kai, rashin sha'awar ayyukan da ake jin daɗi da ƙarancin kuzari. Akwai dalilai da yawa da za a iya bayyana su game da faruwar baƙin ciki da ƙarancin yanayi a cikin mutane. Hasashe daban-daban da yawa ba su da bambanci . An ba da shawarar cewa abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa daban-daban da sauran hanyoyin cututtuka suna da alhakin nau'ikan baƙin ciki daban-daban <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rantala MJ, Luoto S, Krams I, Karlsson H |date=March 2018 |title=Depression subtyping based on evolutionary psychiatry: Proximate mechanisms and ultimate functions |journal=Brain, Behavior, and Immunity |volume=69 |pages=603–617 |doi=10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.012 |pmid=29051086 |s2cid=3975281}}</ref> tare da ƙananan nau'ikan da suka shafi kamuwa da cuta, damuwa na dogon lokaci, kaɗaici, ƙwarewar rauni, rikicin matsayi, baƙin ciki, ƙin soyayya, abubuwan da suka faru bayan haihuwa, yanayi, sinadarai, cututtukan somatic da yunwa. Ana ba da shawarar yin magani na musamman bisa ga ƙananan nau'ikan da ke haifar da matsala a matsayin jagora a cikin jiyya. Sauran hasashe sun haɗa da: ==== Hasashe masu da'awar zamantakewa ==== Hasashe na gasar zamantakewa (kamar ka'idar matsayi na zamantakewa ) ya fassara baƙin ciki a matsayin motsin rai na biyayya, dabarar da ba ta da son rai don ƙirƙirar jin rashin ƙarfi na mutum. Jin rashin ƙarfi ko rashin taimako yana haifar da wannan rashin ƙarfi, yana hana tashin hankali ga mutanen da ke da matsayi mafi girma da kuma nuna biyayya. Ƙananan yanayi yana ƙarfafa yarda da rashin matsayi kuma yana haɓaka sassauci. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Price JS, Gardner Jr R, Wilson DR, Sloman L, Rohde P, Erickson M |date=July 2007 |title=Territory, Rank and Mental Health: The History of an Idea |journal=Evolutionary Psychology |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |doi=10.1177/147470490700500305 |issn=1474-7049 |doi-access=free}}</ref> John Price ya amince da wannan ka'idar, yana lura da cewa kaji waɗanda suka sha kashi a faɗa suna janyewa daga hulɗar zamantakewa kuma suna yin biyayya, suna rage ƙarin hare-haren da kaji ke kaiwa a cikin matsayi kuma suna guje wa rauni ko ma kashe su. Kamar yadda aka yi hasashe game da gasar zamantakewa, 'hasashe game da haɗarin zamantakewa' ya bayyana cewa baƙin ciki yana hana mutane shiga cikin hulɗar zamantakewa wanda zai iya haifar da wariya ga su. Wannan hasashe ya samo asali ne daga neman abinci mai saurin kamuwa da haɗari . Yana nuna cewa mutanen da ke cikin kyakkyawar alaƙar zamantakewa za su iya jure manyan matakan ɗaukar haɗarin zamantakewa, yayin da a gefe guda kuma, mutanen da ke da ƙarancin matsayi a zamantakewa ba za su iya ba. Ka'idar ta nuna cewa ƙarancin yanayi da ke tare da MDD yana wanzuwa don rage haɗarin da ake iya ɗauka da kuma ƙarfafa ware kansu a cikin waɗannan mutane. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Allen NB, Badcock PB |date=2003 |title=The Social Risk Hypothesis of Depressed Mood: Evolutionary, Psychosocial, and Neurobiological Perspectives. |journal=Psychological Bulletin |language=en |volume=129 |issue=6 |pages=887–913 |doi=10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.887 |issn=1939-1455 |pmid=14599287}}</ref> Baya ga damuwa ta yau da kullun, akwai nau'ikan cututtukan damuwa da yawa waɗanda duk suna da alaƙa da tsoro da damuwa mai yawa. Waɗannan cututtukan sun haɗa da: takamaiman tsoro (misali, agoraphobia ), matsalar damuwa ta gabaɗaya, matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa, matsalar damuwa ta rabuwa, matsalar tsoro, da kuma rashin jituwa ta zaɓi . <ref name=":14" /> == Magani == Ilimin halayyar juyin halitta ya zuwa yanzu ya fi mayar da hankali kan bayanin kimiyya game da cututtukan kwakwalwa maimakon ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin magani. Duk da haka, akwai sakamako daban-daban na ɗaukar ra'ayin juyin halitta game da cututtukan kwakwalwa don yanke shawara game da magani, a matakin mutum ɗaya da na jama'a, wanda ya sa ilimin halayyar juyin halitta ya zama muhimmin fanni na bincike da aikace-aikace na gaba. <ref name=":12"/> Ana iya ɗaukar bayanin juyin halitta game da cututtuka waɗanda suka sake tsara su a matsayin waɗanda ba su dace ba ko kuma waɗanda ke da tsada don nuna cewa magani ba shi da mahimmanci - amma wannan ba ra'ayin likitocin tabin hankali na juyin halitta ba ne - kuma kuskure ne iri ɗaya da waɗanda suka yi imani da cewa ilimin halittar juyin halitta yana nufin amincewa da [[eugenics]], wani nau'in ƙarya na halitta - cewa abin da ke na halitta (a wannan yanayin, ya samo asali) yana da kyau. Yawancin hanyoyin magani ba su da kyau a wannan ma'anar (misali [[Kulawar haihuwa|hana haihuwa]] da maganin sa barci ). Bayanin ilimin halayyar juyin halitta ba shi da wani amfani a cikin jagorantar magani. Randolph Nesse ya rubuta: {{Blockquote|"On learning that low mood can be useful, some people conclude that it therefore should not be treated. This mistake is like the one that arose when anethesia was first invented: some doctors refused to use it, even during surgery, because, they said, pain is normal. We must not let new understanding of the utility of low mood interfere with our efforts to relieve mental pain."<ref name=":0" />{{rp|111}}}} Duk da cewa bayanin juyin halitta ba zai iya shafar buƙatar magani ba, suna iya zama jagora ko tallafawa magani, ko kuma su sa dabarun magani na yanzu su fi tasiri. Fa'idodin da aka gabatar na ɗaukar ra'ayin juyin halitta kan matsalolin kwakwalwa galibi sun fito ne daga haɗa bayanan juyin halitta cikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Bailey da Gilbert sun rubuta: {{Blockquote|"The evolutionary approach helps to answer three fundamental questions about humanity that go to the heart of professional helping and clinical practice: First, what and who are we as human beings – that is, what is human nature or species 'normality'?; second, how and why do humans develop and/or behave in less than optimal ways – that is, what can evolution tell us about the causes of suffering and psychopathology?; and, third, what can professional helpers and psychotherapists do to ameliorate or even 'cure' the suffering of heart and mind?"<ref name=":2" />{{rp|333}}}} An ba da shawarar cewa ana ƙarfafa marasa lafiya su kuma su yi watsi da su ta hanyar jin bayanin juyin halitta game da yanayinsu, tare da sakamako mai kyau yayin maganin halayyar fahimta - haɗa ilimin halittar ɗabi'a, ilimin jijiyoyi da ilimin halayyar juyin halitta cikin ilimin halayyar kwakwalwa an kira shi 'Informed Cognitive Therapy' <ref name=":1" /> ta Mike Abrams . Abrams kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa gane yanayin gado da ɗan canzawa na wasu halaye (kamar psychopathy da autism ) yana nufin cewa masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali bai kamata su yi ƙoƙarin canza halayen halayen ba, amma a maimakon haka suna ba da shawara kan yadda za a yi amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan fahimta a cikin mahallin al'umma ta zamani. Wannan ya yi daidai da manufofi da iƙirarin ƙungiyar bambancin jijiyoyi . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2if9fbbyg4uhb88bswbai0q9adv8btg 0 155877 888353 862301 2026-07-28T03:20:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Manufofin kiwon lafiya da gudanarwa''' sune fannoni da suka shafi jagoranci, gudanarwa, da kuma gudanar da tsarin [[Lafiyar jama'a|kiwon lafiyar jama'a]], [[Lafiya|tsarin kiwon lafiya]], [[Asibiti|asibitoci]], da hanyoyin sadarwa na asibiti . Ana ɗaukar [[Gudanar da kiwon lafiya|masu kula da harkokin kiwon lafiya]] a matsayin ƙwararru a fannin kula da lafiya. == Kalmomi == [[Manufofin kiwon lafiya|Tsarin kula da manufofin lafiya]] da gudanarwa ko [[Gudanar da kiwon lafiya|tsarin kiwon lafiya]] ko kula da tsarin kiwon lafiya yana bayyana jagoranci da kuma kula da asibitoci, hanyoyin sadarwa na asibiti, da/ko [[Tsarin kiwon lafiya|tsarin kula da lafiya]] gaba ɗaya. A amfani da ƙasashen duniya, kalmar tana nufin gudanarwa a kowane mataki. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], ana kuma kiran gudanar da cibiya ɗaya (misali asibiti) da "kula da ayyukan kiwon lafiya", "kula da kula da lafiya" ko "kula da lafiya Gudanar da tsarin kiwon lafiya yana tabbatar da cewa an cimma takamaiman sakamako, cewa sassan da ke cikin cibiyar kiwon lafiya suna gudana cikin kwanciyar hankali, cewa mutanen da suka dace suna cikin ayyukan da suka dace, cewa mutane sun san abin da ake tsammani daga gare su, cewa ana amfani da albarkatu yadda ya kamata, kuma dukkan sassan suna aiki don cimma manufa ɗaya. == Amfani da abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiya a cikin manufofin kiwon lafiya da gudanarwa == An nuna cewa abubuwan da ke ƙayyade zamantakewa (misali wuri, gidaje, ilimi, aiki, samun kuɗi, aikata laifuka, haɗin kai tsakanin jama'a) suna da tasiri sosai ga lafiya. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu, [[Lafiyar Jama'a|lafiyar jama'a]] tana karɓar kashi biyar kacal na kasafin kuɗin lafiyar ƙasa. <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last=McGinnis |first=JM |year=2002 |title=The case for more active policy attention to health promotion |journal=Health Affairs |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=78–93 |doi=10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.78 |pmid=11900188}}</ref> Idan aka kwatanta, kashi 95 cikin 100 ana kashewa ne akan ayyukan kula da lafiya kai tsaye, duk da haka kula da lafiya yana wakiltar kashi 10-15 cikin 100 na mace-macen da za a iya hanawa a Amurka. <ref name="ReferenceA" /> Kwayoyin halitta, yanayin zamantakewa, fallasa muhalli, da yanayin halaye sun ƙunshi mafi yawan abubuwan da ke ƙayyade lafiyar sakamakon lafiya, wanda ake ƙara la'akari da shi yayin ƙirƙirar manufofin lafiya. A matakin tarayya, masu tsara manufofi suna magance matsalolin zamantakewa ta hanyar tanade-tanaden Dokar Kulawa Mai Sauƙi, inda asibitoci masu zaman kansu dole ne su gudanar da kimanta buƙatun lafiyar al'umma da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan inganta al'umma. Ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu ta asibitoci ya faru a jihohi da yawa, kuma ya magance matsalolin zamantakewa na kiwon lafiya kamar ilimi da gidaje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chen |first=M |title=The Role of Hospitals in Improving Non-Medical Determinants of Community Population Health |url=http://nyshealthfoundation.org/resources-and-reports/resource/hospitals-improving-non-medical-determinants-of-community-population-health |website=NYS Health Foundation |access-date=2026-06-08 |archive-date=2016-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220094311/http://nyshealthfoundation.org/resources-and-reports/resource/hospitals-improving-non-medical-determinants-of-community-population-health |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gwamnatocin tarayya, jihohi, da ƙananan hukumomi za su iya inganta lafiyar jama'a ta hanyar tantance duk manufofin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da aka tsara don tasirin kiwon lafiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shroeder |first=S |date=September 20, 2007 |title=We can do better--improving the health of the American people |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=357 |issue=12 |pages=1221–8 |doi=10.1056/NEJMsa073350 |pmid=17881753 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ƙoƙarin da za a yi nan gaba a cikin manufofin kiwon lafiya na iya haɗawa da abubuwan ƙarfafawa da kuɗaɗen dabaru don shirye-shiryen da suka dogara da al'umma waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan gibin da aka sani a cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da zamantakewa. Ana iya gudanar da kimanta buƙatu don gano hanyoyin da suka fi tasiri ga kowace al'umma. Irin waɗannan kimantawa na iya gano buƙatar ƙarin hanyoyin sufuri masu inganci, wanda zai ba mutane damar samun albarkatu masu ci gaba don rigakafi da kulawa mai tsanani. Haka kuma, kuɗaɗen tallafin shirye-shiryen horar da aiki a cikin al'ummomin da ke da ƙarancin aikin yi zai ba mutane damar gina ƙarfinsu ba kawai don samun kuɗi ba, har ma da shiga cikin halayen neman lafiya waɗanda galibi suna kan farashi mai tsada. == Bambance-bambance a fannin aikin likita da ingancin kulawa == Bambance-bambancen da ba su da tushe a fannin likitanci na nufin bambance-bambancen da ke cikin kulawa wanda ba za a iya bayyana shi ta hanyar rashin lafiya/buƙatar likita ko kuma ta hanyar fifikon marasa lafiya ba. Dr. John Wennberg ne ya fara ƙirƙiro kalmar "bambance-bambancen da ba su da tushe" lokacin da ya lura da ƙananan bambance-bambancen yanayi (yanki) da salon aiki, waɗanda ba su dogara da dalilan asibiti ba. Kasancewar bambance-bambancen da ba su da tushe yana nuna cewa wasu mutane ba sa samun isasshen kulawa ko kuma ba a amfani da albarkatun lafiya yadda ya kamata. Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da waɗannan bambance-bambancen ba su takaita ga; fasahar kiwon lafiya mai rikitarwa ba, ƙara yawan ilimin likitanci da kuma dogaro da kai fiye da kima akan hukunci na mutum. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Haughom |first=John |date=2014-06-16 |title=Clinical Variation in Your Medical Organization? |url=https://www.healthcatalyst.com/role-clinical-variation-medical-practice |access-date=16 December 2016 |website=Health Catalyst |archive-date=2016-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220151601/https://www.healthcatalyst.com/role-clinical-variation-medical-practice |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bambancin da ba shi da tushe yana da sakamako mai ma'ana dangane da amfani da shi fiye da kima/ƙasa da haka, ƙaruwar mace-mace, da ƙaruwar farashi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Dana |last2=Kinhan |first2=Peter |last3=Savage |first3=Brandon |title=Eliminating Unwarranted Variation in Care |url=http://partners.gehealthcare.com/Eliminating%20Variation-Whitepaper-8pg-05042012.pdf |access-date=16 December 2016 |website=GE Healthcare |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220212025/http://partners.gehealthcare.com/Eliminating%20Variation-Whitepaper-8pg-05042012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Misali, wani bincike na 2013 ya gano cewa dangane da farashin Medicare, ƙarin kashe kuɗi ba shi da alaƙa da sakamako mafi kyau ko ingantaccen kulawa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Newhouse |first=Joseph |last2=Garber |first2=Alan |date=September 25, 2015 |title=Geographic Variation in Health Care Spending in the United States Insights From an Institute of Medicine Report |journal=JAMA |volume=310 |issue=12 |pages=1227–1228 |doi=10.1001/jama.2013.278139 |pmid=24008265}}</ref> Bambancin ayyukan likitanci muhimmin bangare ne na manufofin kiwon lafiya da gudanarwa - fahimtar musabbabi da illolin bambance-bambancen zai jagoranci masu tsara manufofi don haɓakawa da inganta manufofin da ake da su. Wajen sarrafa bambance-bambancen ayyuka, yana da mahimmanci a yi kimanta cututtuka/tsarin da ke da manyan matakan bambance-bambancen da ba su da tushe; kwatantawa tsakanin kulawar da aka bayar da jagororin kulawa na yau da kullun zai nuna bambance-bambancen da kuma samar da haske game da fannoni na ci gaba. Ya kamata masu tsara manufofi su ɗauki cikakkiyar hanya don daidaita manufofi, jagoranci, da fasaha domin rage bambance-bambancen kulawa da ba su da tushe. Rage inganci yana buƙatar sa hannun marasa lafiya da kuma [[Ayyukan likita|haɗa kai da likitoci]] ta hanyar daidaita kulawar asibiti tare da mai da hankali kan bin ƙa'idodin kulawa da kuma mai da hankali kan sakamako bisa inganci. == Cibiyar masana'antu ta likita == Cibiyar likitanci da masana'antu ita ce hanyar sadarwa ta kamfanoni waɗanda ke samar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya da kayayyaki don samun riba. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga harshen da Shugaba Eisenhower ya yi amfani da shi (" tarukan soja-masana'antu ") lokacin da yake gargaɗin ƙasar, yayin da yake ritaya, game da ƙaruwar tasirin masana'antun makamai akan manufofin siyasa da tattalin arziki na Amurka. <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=23–30}}</ref> Sannan kalmar "tarukan masana'antu na likitanci" ta fara yaɗuwa daga 1980 ta hanyar Jaridar Magunguna ta New England (Nuwamba 4, 1971, 285:1095) ta Arnold S. Relman wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin editan mujallar daga 1977 zuwa 1991. A cewar Dr. Relman, tsarin kula da lafiya na Amurka masana'antu ne da ke da riba kuma ya zama ka'ida da aka yarda da ita sosai a kwanakin nan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Angell |first=Marcia |date=August 14, 2014 |title=On Arnold Relman (1923-2014) |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2014/08/14/arnold-relman-1923-2014/ |website=New York Review of Books}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da kalmar shekaru 40 da suka gabata, masana'antar kiwon lafiya ta haɓaka zuwa ma masana'antu mafi girma, mafi girma da bunƙasa. Cibiyar masana'antar likitanci ta ƙunshi asibitoci na mallakar kamfanoni da gidajen kula da tsofaffi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje na bincike, ayyukan kula da gida da na gaggawa, sassan zubar jini na koda, da kuma wasu nau'ikan ayyukan likitanci iri-iri waɗanda a da cibiyoyin gwamnati ko masu zaman kansu ko kuma likitoci masu zaman kansu ke bayarwa a ofisoshinsu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Relman |first=Arnold S |year=1980 |title=The new medical-industrial complex |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=303 |issue=17 |pages=963–970 |doi=10.1056/nejm198010233031703 |pmid=7412851 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A ƙasashen da masana'antar likitanci ke da tasiri sosai, akwai ƙuntatawa ta doka ga zaɓuɓɓukan masu amfani don samun damar ayyukan kiwon lafiya daban-daban saboda ƙa'idodi a kasuwannin duniya kamar Yarjejeniyar Ciniki a Ayyuka . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Santos |first=Maria Angelica Borges dos |last2=Passos |first2=Sonia Regina Lambert |date=August 2010 |title=International trade in health services and the medical industrial complex: implications for national health systems |journal=Cadernos de Saude Publica |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=1483–1493 |doi=10.1590/s0102-311x2010000800003 |issn=1678-4464 |pmid=21229208 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A Amurka, akwai ƙa'idodi marasa tushe kan masana'antun kiwon lafiya, waɗanda galibi ke sa kamfanoni su caji farashi mai yawa da kuma ƙa'idodin kulawa. Misali, kamfanonin magunguna na iya cajin farashi mai yawa ga magunguna, kamar yadda muka gani kwanan nan tare da EpiPen. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Koons |first=C. |last2=Langreth |first2=R. |date=September 23, 1025 |title=How Marketing Turned the EpiPen Into a Billion-Dollar Business |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-23/how-marketing-turned-the-epipen-into-a-billion-dollar-business |access-date=December 18, 2016 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, tunda masana'antun na'urorin likitanci suna ba da kuɗaɗen shirye-shiryen ilimin likitanci kamar ci gaba da ilimin likitanci da likitoci da asibitoci kai tsaye don ɗaukar amfani da na'urorinsu, akwai ce-ce-ku-ce cewa irin wannan ilimin yana da son rai don haɓaka muradun masu ba da kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schofferman |first=Jerome |date=2011 |title=The Medical-Industrial Complex, Professional Medical Associations, and Continuing Medical Education |journal=Pain Medicine |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=1713–9 |doi=10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01282.x |issn=1526-2375 |pmid=22145759 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ci gaban masana'antar kiwon lafiya ta zamani na iya zama mafita ga rarrabuwar kulawa, duk da haka, a halin yanzu babu ƙa'idodi na gwamnati ga kamfanonin kiwon lafiya ta zamani. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dorsey |first=E. Ray |author-link=Ray Dorsey |last2=Topol |first2=Eric J. |year=2016 |title=State of Telehealth |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=375 |issue=2 |pages=154–161 |doi=10.1056/nejmra1601705 |pmid=27410924}}</ref> A bayyane yake, gwamnati dole ne ta sanya ƙa'idodi masu ƙarfi waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan lafiyar marasa lafiya. == Rarraba abinci da kuma samun damar kulawa == Samun kulawa da Rage Rage Rage Rage Rage Rage Rage muhimmanci ne a fannin Manufofin Lafiya da Gudanar da Lafiya (HPAM) domin suna magance tasirin kasuwa wanda ke shafar yadda da lokacin da mutane ke samun ayyukan <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bloche |first=M. Gregg |date=2012-05-24 |title=Beyond the "R Word"? Medicine's New Frugality |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=366 |issue=21 |pages=1951–1953 |doi=10.1056/NEJMp1203521 |issn=0028-4793 |pmid=22551108}}</ref> [[Rarraba kiwon lafiya|...]] Kula da rigakafi muhimmin bangare ne na HPAM saboda matakan matakan kariya da mutane ke dauka na iya taimakawa wajen tantance lafiyar jama'a. ACA ta bude kofar samun damar samun kulawa ta hanyar tilasta wa kamfanonin inshora su bayar da wadannan ayyuka ba tare da wani karin farashi ba. Idan duk Amurkawa suka yi amfani da matakin kulawa ta kariya da ya dace, "za a ceci rayuka 100,000 kowace shekara." Ko da tare da fadada damar samun ayyukan kulawa ta kariya da sauran ayyukan kiwon lafiya, wadanda aka yi wa inshorar har yanzu suna fuskantar karancin abinci saboda karuwar kudin shiga da hauhawar farashin kiwon lafiya. Daga 2005 zuwa 2015, matsakaicin kuɗin inshorar lafiya da ma'aikaci ke biya na shekara-shekara don inshorar iyali ya ƙaru da kashi 61%. A wannan lokacin, gudummawar ma'aikata ta ƙaru da kashi 83%. Ƙaruwar kuɗin inshorar lafiya da ma'aikaci ke bayarwa da kuma kuɗin da za a cire ya sa mutane da iyalai su yi amfani da kuɗin kula da lafiya. Babban kuɗin inshorar lafiya da kuɗin da za a cire yana ƙarfafa mutane da iyalai su yi tunani sau biyu kafin su yi amfani da ayyukan kiwon lafiya kuma yana rage damar mutane su ci wasu kayayyaki da ayyuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kaiser Family Foundation |url=http://kff.org/ |access-date=2016-12-20 |website=kff.org |language=en-US}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (August 2019)">tabbacin da ya gaza</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> A ƙasar Kanada 'yan ƙasa suna da tsarin kiwon lafiya na duniya wanda ke ba su damar samun kulawar lafiya amma yana buƙatar su magance matsalolin rabon abinci. Tsarin yana aiki ta hanyar matakin mahimmanci, tare da kulawa ta gaggawa yana da fifiko da kuma wasu jiyya na cututtuka/cututtuka kamar yadda wasu ke faruwa a rayuwa da mutuwa. Duk da cewa Burtaniya ita ce ta farko da ta yi alfahari da tsarin kiwon lafiya na duniya, amma tana fama da matsalolin rabon abinci. Duk da cewa tsarin raba kuɗi ba tare da tsada ba ya yi kama da mai yawa a zahiri, rashin samun dama ko zaɓuɓɓuka gabaɗaya yana haifar da manyan matsaloli ga marasa lafiya. Ka yi tunanin duniya ba tare da rabon kuɗin kula da lafiya ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba saboda ƙarancin albarkatu. Kafin a yi imani da akasin haka, kiwon lafiya na duniya ba shine mafita ga magance rabon kuɗin ba, a zahiri, rabon kuɗin na iya ƙaruwa idan mutane da yawa suna da damar samun kiwon lafiya ba tare da ƙarin adadin likitoci ba. Wuraren aiki kuma suna ba da gudummawa wajen haɓaka rabon kuɗin tsakanin ma'aikatansu saboda yawan cire kuɗi da kuɗin fansho. Suna da mahimmanci wajen faɗaɗa damar samun kuɗi ba tare da yin mummunan tasiri ga kiwon lafiya ba shine fara kallon rabon kuɗin a matsayin hanyar raba waɗannan albarkatun iyaka a tsakanin jama'a, ba hanyar sake matsar da kulawa ga wasu mutane ba. Lokacin da muka yi haka, za mu iya aiki don inganta damar samun kulawa da kuma kula da marasa lafiya da yawa yadda ya kamata. == Lafiyar kwakwalwa == A matsayin wani fanni, manufofin kiwon lafiya da gudanarwa suna neman inganta hanyoyin samun dama, rage farashi, da kuma inganta sakamako ga mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa . === Tarihi === Tarihin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa a Amurka za a iya fahimtarsa a matsayin sauyi a hankali daga samar da kulawa ta hanyar cibiyoyi zuwa shiga tsakani da aka mayar da hankali kan al'umma. [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya haifar da ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da cututtukan kwakwalwa yayin da dubban sojoji suka koma gida cikin rauni sakamakon yaƙin. A wannan lokacin, haɓaka magungunan psychotropic suma sun ba da sabbin zaɓuɓɓukan magani. A shekarar 1963, John F. Kennedy ya aiwatar da Dokar Lafiyar Al'umma, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen shekaru 109 na rashin shiga cikin ayyukan kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa na tarayya, wanda ya haifar da kawar da mutane masu cututtukan kwakwalwa. Tasirin kawar da hankali ya gauraye; mutanen da ke da cututtukan kwakwalwa ba su sake fuskantar mummunan yanayi a wuraren mafaka ba, duk da haka, tallafin al'umma bai isa ba don samar da magani da ayyuka ga masu fama da rashin lafiya mai tsanani da na kullum. === Isar da ayyuka da manufofi na yanzu === Ana kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ta hanyar masu ba da sabis da yawa waɗanda ke wakiltar fannoni daban-daban da ke aiki a wurare daban-daban na gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu. Bangaren kula da lafiyar tabin hankali da halayyar ɗan adam ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitocin halayyar ɗan adam, kamar likitocin tabin hankali. Bangaren [[kulawa na farko]] ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitocin lafiya kamar masu aikin tiyata da masu aikin iyali. Wannan ɓangaren galibi shine wurin farko da marasa lafiya ke haɗuwa da shi. Bangaren ayyukan ɗan adam ya ƙunshi hukumomin kula da jin daɗin jama'a da ayyukan shari'a/ayyukan gidan yari, da sauransu. Bangaren ƙarshe shine ɓangaren cibiyar tallafawa masu sa kai, wanda ya ƙunshi ayyuka kamar ƙungiyoyin taimakon kai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barry, Huskamp, & Goldman |year=2010 |title=A Political History of Federal Mental Health and Addiction Insurance Parity |journal=The Milbank Quarterly |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=404–33 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0009.2010.00605.x |pmc=2950754 |pmid=20860577}}</ref> Dokar da aka yi kwanan nan ta ci gaba da inganta samun kulawar lafiya ta hanyar buƙatar daidaiton farashi. Dokar Daidaito da Daidaito ta Lafiya ta 2008 ta buƙaci wasu tsare-tsare don samar da inshorar cututtukan kwakwalwa daidai da inshorar lafiya gabaɗaya, tana buƙatar masu samar da kulawa su samar da kulawa a farashi iri ɗaya da aljihunsu da kuma fa'idodi iri ɗaya ga nau'ikan kulawa guda biyu. Dokar Kulawa Mai Sauƙi ta 2010 (ACA) ta faɗaɗa wannan ci gaban ta hanyar buƙatar daidaiton ƙarin tsare-tsare, ta faɗaɗa kariyar daidaito zuwa ƙarin mutane miliyan 62. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Health Insurance and Mental Health Services |url=https://www.mentalhealth.gov/get-help/health-insurance/ |website=MentalHealth.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services}}</ref> Dukansu suna rage farashi sosai a matsayin shinge ga kulawa, amma har yanzu akwai fannoni da za a ci gaba. Wannan doka ta yi nasara wajen inganta yawan kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa a fadin al'umma baki daya. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai babban bambanci a cikin waɗannan ƙimar tsakanin fararen fata da waɗanda ba fararen fata ba. Wannan yana iya zama saboda jihohin da suka zaɓi ficewa daga faɗaɗa Medicaid a ƙarƙashin ACA suna da yawan jama'a manya masu launin fata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Creedon & LeCook |year=2016 |title=Access to Mental Health Care Increased But Not For Substance Abuse, While Disparities Remain |journal=Health Affairs |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=1017–1021 |doi=10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0098 |pmc=7033262 |pmid=27269017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Damammaki don ingantawa === Wani ci gaba da ake samu a fannin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa a nan gaba shine hadewar kulawa . Kwanan nan, hadewar kulawa ta kasance babban fifiko a manufofin gwamnati, kuma hukumomi da dama na tarayya sun dauki matakai don inganta hadewar ayyukan kula da lafiya na farko da na kwakwalwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mechanic |year=2012 |title=Seizing Opportunities Under The Affordable Care Act For Transforming The Mental And Behavioral Health System |journal=Health Affairs |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=376–382 |doi=10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0623 |pmid=22323168 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9mkyyppasshlzn2wsq61hupf54evp77 0 156066 888238 872518 2026-07-27T17:12:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Infobox medical intervention|image=|caption=|ICD10=|ICD9=|MeshID=D011613|OPS301=|other_codes=|HCPCSlevel2=|specialty=Psychology, psychiatry}}<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Ilimin halin dan Adam''' (har ma da '''ilimin halin dan Adam''', '''ilimin magana''', ko '''ilimin magana''' ) shine amfani da hanyoyin [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunani]], musamman idan aka yi la'akari da mu'amala ta kai tsaye, don taimakawa mutum ya canza hali, ya kara [[farin ciki]], da kuma shawo kan matsaloli. Ilimin halin dan Adam yana da nufin inganta lafiyar mutum da [[lafiyar kwakwalwa]], don warware ko rage matsaloli, imani, tilas, tunani, ko motsin rai, da kuma inganta dangantaka da kwarewar zamantakewa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Psychotherapy? |url=https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/psychotherapy |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=www.psychiatry.org}}</ref> An tsara nau'ikan ilimin halin dan Adam da yawa ko dai ga manya, iyalai, ko yara da matasa. Wasu nau'ikan ilimin halin dan Adam ana daukar su a matsayin shaida don magance cututtukan kwakwalwa da aka gano; wasu nau'ikan an soki su a matsayin kimiyyar karya . Duk da haka, aƙalla zuwa wani mataki, ilimin halin dan Adam yana samun goyon bayan ilimin halin dan Adam, galibi suna da tasiri mai ɗorewa fiye da magungunan gargajiya, kuma suna iya inganta tasirin magungunan gargajiya, gami da waɗanda suka shafi masu ilimin halin dan Adam. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kamenov |first=K. |last2=Twomey |first2=C. |last3=Cabello |first3=M. |last4=Prina |first4=A. M. |last5=Ayuso-Mateos |first5=J. L. |date=February 2017 |title=The efficacy of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and their combination on functioning and quality of life in depression: a meta-analysis |journal=Psychological Medicine |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=414–425 |doi=10.1017/S0033291716002774 |issn=1469-8978 |pmc=5244449 |pmid=27780478}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cavarra |first=Mauro |last2=Falzone |first2=Alessandra |last3=Ramaekers |first3=Johannes G. |last4=Kuypers |first4=Kim P. C. |last5=Mento |first5=Carmela |date=2022 |title=Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy-A Systematic Review of Associated Psychological Interventions |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=13 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887255 |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=9226617 |pmid=35756295 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dijkstra |first=Johannes M. |last2=Nagatsu |first2=Toshiharu |date=June 2022 |title=Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and Morita therapy (MT); comparison of three established psychotherapies and possible common neural mechanisms of psychotherapies |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00702-021-02450-9 |journal=Journal of Neural Transmission |language=en |volume=129 |issue=5–6 |pages=805–828 |doi=10.1007/s00702-021-02450-9 |issn=0300-9564 |pmid=34889976 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akwai ɗaruruwan dabarun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, wasu ƙananan bambance-bambance ne; wasu kuma sun dogara ne akan ra'ayoyi daban-daban na ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Alfred}}</ref> Yawancin hanyoyin sun haɗa da zaman mutum-da-mutum, tsakanin abokin ciniki da mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, amma wasu ana gudanar da su tare da ƙungiyoyi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeremy Schwartz |date=14 July 2017 |title=5 Reasons to Consider Group Therapy |url=http://health.usnews.com/health-care/for-better/articles/2017-07-14/5-reasons-to-consider-group-therapy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722190031/http://health.usnews.com/health-care/for-better/articles/2017-07-14/5-reasons-to-consider-group-therapy |archive-date=22 July 2017 |website=US News}}</ref> gami da ma'aurata da iyalai . Masu ilimin tabin hankali na iya zama ƙwararru a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar likitocin tabin hankali, masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ma'aikatan lafiyar kwakwalwa, ma'aikatan zamantakewa na asibiti, masu ilimin aure da iyali, ko kuma masu ba da shawara na ƙwararru masu lasisi . Masu ilimin tabin hankali suma na iya fitowa daga wasu asali daban-daban, kuma dangane da [[Yanke hukunci|ikon shari'a]], ana iya tsara su bisa doka, ko kuma ba a tsara su ba bisa ga son rai (kuma kalmar kanta na iya zama kariya ko a'a). Ya nuna ingancin gabaɗaya a cikin yanayi daban-daban, kodayake ingancinsa ya bambanta dangane da mutum da yanayi. Duk da cewa manyan bita suna tallafawa fa'idodinsa, ana ci gaba da muhawara kan mafi kyawun hanyoyin kimanta sakamako, gami da amfani da gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin da aka keɓance. Wani bita na 2022 na nazarin meta-bincike 102 ya gano cewa girman tasirin ga hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da magunguna gabaɗaya ƙanana ne, wanda ya sa masu bincike suka ba da shawarar canjin yanayin binciken lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Leichsenring |first=Falk |last2=Steinert |first2=Christiane |last3=Rabung |first3=Sven |last4=Ioannidis |first4=John P. A. |author-link4=John Ioannidis |date=February 2022 |title=The efficacy of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for mental disorders in adults: an umbrella review and meta-analytic evaluation of recent meta-analyses |journal=[[World Psychiatry]] |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=133–145 |doi=10.1002/wps.20941 |pmc=8751557 |pmid=35015359 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kodayake nau'ikan jiyya da yawa sun bambanta a cikin dabara, galibi suna samar da sakamako iri ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da ka'idoji cewa abubuwan da aka saba - kamar dangantakar warkewa - sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da inganci. Kalubalen sun haɗa da yawan fita daga aiki, ƙarancin fahimtar hanyoyin canji, yuwuwar illolin da za su iya haifarwa, da damuwa game da bin ka'idar mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ga aminci ga magani. Masu suka sun tayar da tambayoyi game da tushen kimiyya na ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, [[Al'ada|zato na al'adu]], da ƙarfin kuzari, yayin da wasu ke jayayya cewa ba a yi amfani da shi sosai ba idan aka kwatanta da [[Magungunan Masu Tabin Hankali|magungunan magunguna]] . == Ma'anoni == Kalmar ''[[wiktionary:psychotherapy|psychotherapy]]'' ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar ''[[wiktionary:psyche|psyche]]'' ta Girka ( [[wiktionary:ψυχή|ψυχή]] ma'ana "numfashi; ruhu; rai") da ''therapeia'' ( [[wiktionary:θεραπεία|θεραπεία]] "warkarwa; magani"). ''Kamus na Turanci na Oxford'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Maganin rikice-rikicen hankali ko hali ta hanyar tunani...", duk da haka, a farkon amfani, yana nufin maganin cuta ta hanyar shawarar hypnotic. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sau da yawa ana kiran ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a matsayin "maganin magana" ko "maganin magana", musamman ga masu sauraro gabaɗaya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychotherapy |url=http://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Psychotherapy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329185701/http://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Psychotherapy |archive-date=29 March 2015 |access-date=29 March 2015 |website=nami.org |publisher=[[National Alliance on Mental Illness]]}}</ref> kodayake ba duk nau'ikan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam sun dogara ne akan sadarwa ta baki ba . Yara ko manya waɗanda ba sa shiga cikin sadarwa ta baki (ko ba ta hanyar da aka saba ba) ba a ware su daga ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba; hakika an tsara wasu nau'ikan don irin waɗannan lamuran. Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka ta ɗauki ƙuduri kan ingancin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a shekarar 2012 bisa ga ma'anar da masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam John C. Norcross ya ƙirƙira: "Psychotherapy shine amfani da hanyoyin asibiti da kuma yanayin hulɗa da mutane da aka samo daga ƙa'idodin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da aka kafa don taimaka wa mutane su gyara halayensu, fahimta, motsin zuciyarsu, da/ko wasu halaye na mutum a cikin al'amuran da mahalarta suka ga suna da kyau". <ref name="resolution">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Campbell LF, Norcross JC, Vasquez MJ, Kaslow NJ |date=March 2013 |title=Recognition of psychotherapy effectiveness: the APA resolution |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236058462 |url-status=live |journal=[[Psychotherapy (journal)|Psychotherapy]] |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=98–101 |doi=10.1037/a0031817 |pmid=23505985 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101111335/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236058462_Recognition_of_Psychotherapy_Effectiveness_The_APA_Resolution |archive-date=1 January 2016}} The full text of the resolution: {{Cite web |date=August 2012 |title=Recognition of Psychotherapy Effectiveness |url=https://www.apa.org/about/policy/resolution-psychotherapy |website=www.apa.org}}</ref> Buga-buga masu tasiri na wani aikin likitan hauka Jerome Frank ya bayyana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a matsayin dangantaka ta warkarwa ta amfani da hanyoyin da aka ba da izini a cikin jerin hulɗa waɗanda suka haɗa da kalmomi, ayyuka da al'adu - waɗanda Frank ya ɗauka a matsayin nau'ikan lallashi da magana . A tarihi, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam wani lokacin yana nufin hanyoyin "fassarar" (watau [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] ), wato nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, sabanin sauran hanyoyin magance matsalolin tabin hankali kamar gyaran hali. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Richard Gregory|last3=Hans J. Eysenck}}</ref> Wasu ma'anoni na ba da shawara sun yi karo da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam (musamman a cikin hanyoyin da ba na jagora ba na abokin ciniki), ko kuma ba da shawara na iya nufin jagora ga matsalolin yau da kullun a wasu fannoni, yawanci na ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da ƙaramin mayar da hankali kan likitanci ko "ƙwararre". Somatotherapy yana nufin amfani da canje-canje na jiki azaman raunuka da cututtuka, da kuma ilimin zamantakewa don amfani da yanayin zamantakewa na mutum don yin tasirin canjin magani. Ilimin halin ɗan adam na iya magance ruhaniya a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwar tunanin mutum/hankali, kuma wasu nau'ikan suna samo asali ne daga falsafar ruhaniya, amma ayyukan da suka dogara da ɗaukar ruhaniya a matsayin wani fanni daban ba lallai ba ne a ɗauki su a matsayin nau'ikan ilimin halin ɗan adam na gargajiya ko na 'halatta'. == Isarwa == Ana iya yin maganin ƙwaƙwalwa da kai (ɗaya bayan ɗaya, ko tare da ma'aurata, tare da iyalai, ko, cikin ƙungiyoyi) ko ta hanyar ba da shawara ta waya ko shawara ta kan layi (duba kuma § Maganin kwakwalwa ). <ref name="Wright2008">{{Cite journal |last=Wright |first=Jesse H. |date=1 December 2008 |title=Computer-Assisted Psychotherapy {{!}} Psychiatric Times |url=https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/articles/computer-assisted-psychotherapy |url-status=live |journal=Psychiatric Times |series=Psychiatric Times Vol 25 No 14 |volume=25 |issue=14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083317/https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/articles/computer-assisted-psychotherapy |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> An kuma sami ci gaba a fannin maganin da kwamfuta ke taimaka wa mutane, kamar maganin gaskiya na kama-da-wane don fallasa halaye, shirye-shiryen multimedia don koyar da dabarun fahimta, da na'urorin hannu don inganta sa ido ko aiwatar da ra'ayoyi (duba kuma § Ana tallafawa ta kwamfuta ). <ref name="Wright2008" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Carroll KM, Rounsaville BJ |date=October 2010 |title=Computer-assisted therapy in psychiatry: be brave-it's a new world |journal=Current Psychiatry Reports |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=426–32 |doi=10.1007/s11920-010-0146-2 |pmc=2967758 |pmid=20683681}}</ref> Yawancin nau'ikan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam suna amfani da tattaunawa ta magana. Wasu kuma suna amfani da wasu nau'ikan sadarwa daban-daban kamar rubutun kalmomi, zane-zane, wasan kwaikwayo, labarin labari ko kiɗa. Ilimin halayyar ɗan adam tare da yara da iyayensu galibi ya ƙunshi wasa, wasan kwaikwayo (watau wasan kwaikwayo), da zane, tare da labarin da aka gina tare daga waɗannan hanyoyin hulɗa marasa magana da waɗanda aka canja. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Raz|url-access=Susser}}</ref> Wasu saitunan magani suna amfani da kayan aikin dijital don taimakawa wajen rubuta takardu na zaman. Misali, tsarin yanayi, suna amfani da fahimtar magana wanda ke ɗaukar tattaunawar likita-marasa lafiya kuma yana samar da daftarin bayanai don sake dubawa daga baya. Waɗannan kayan aikin, waɗanda masu siyarwa daban-daban suka bayar, gami da Twofold Health, dole ne su bi ƙa'idodin sirri da tsaro kamar waɗanda aka tsara a cikin HIPAA. <ref name="JMIR20234">{{Cite journal |last=Zhang |first=J. |year=2023 |title=Using HIPAA-Compliant Transcription Services for Virtual Psychiatric Interviews: Pilot Comparison Study |journal=JMIR Mental Health |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.2196/48517 |pmc=10646674 |pmid=37906217 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="RTF_AI">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-18 |title=3 AI Tools for Smarter, Faster Clinical Documentation |url=https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/technologies/gp3893-3-ai-tools-for-smarter-faster-clinical-documentation/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=Rethinking The Future}}</ref> <ref name="OrbDoc">{{Cite web |date=2 October 2025 |title=AI Medical Scribe for Mental Health & Behavioral Health |url=https://orbdoc.com/specialties/mental-health-behavioral/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=OrbDoc}}</ref> <ref name="Expertsay">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=AI Therapy Note Tools That Are Actually HIPAA-Compliant |url=https://expertsay.blog/ai-therapy-note-tools-that-are-actually-hipaa-compliant/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=Expertsay Blog}}</ref> == Dokoki == Masu ilimin tabin hankali a al'ada na iya zama ƙwararru a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da masu ilimin tabin hankali; ƙwararru daga wasu fannoni (masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iyali, ma'aikatan zamantakewa na asibiti, ma'aikatan jinya, da sauransu) waɗanda suka horar a wani takamaiman ilimin tabin hankali; ko (a wasu lokuta) ƙwararru masu ilimi ko waɗanda suka sami horo a fannin kimiyya. Baya ga horon, ƙasashe da yawa suna buƙatar mai ilimin tabin hankali ya yi rijista da wata ƙungiya ta ƙwararru domin a ba su izinin bayar da ayyuka. Ana fara horar da likitocin tabin hankali a matsayin likitoci, kuma saboda haka suna iya rubuta [[Ƙwaya|maganin da likita ya rubuta]] ; kuma horon tabin hankali na musamman yana farawa bayan kammala karatun likitanci a fannin kula da tabin hankali: duk da haka, ƙwarewarsu tana cikin cututtukan tabin hankali ko nau'ikan cututtukan kwakwalwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Become a Psychiatrist – Career Path, Salary and Job Description {{!}} UniversityHQ |url=https://universityhq.org/how-to-become/psychiatrist-careers/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=universityhq.org}}</ref> Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na asibiti suna da digiri na uku na musamman a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam tare da wasu sassan asibiti da bincike. Sauran masu aikin likitanci, [[Clinical social workers|ma'aikatan zamantakewa na asibiti]], masu ba da shawara kan lafiyar kwakwalwa, masu ba da shawara kan kiwon lafiya, da ma'aikatan jinya waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa, suma galibi suna gudanar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Yawancin shirye-shiryen horar da ilimin tabin hankali iri-iri da kuma wurare na cibiyoyi ƙwararru ne da yawa. A yawancin ƙasashe, ana kammala horon ilimin tabin hankali a matakin digiri na biyu, sau da yawa a matakin digiri na biyu (ko digiri na uku), sama da shekaru huɗu, tare da kulawa mai mahimmanci a fannin asibiti da kuma wuraren aikin likita. Ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa waɗanda suka zaɓi ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin tabin hankali suma suna buƙatar shirin ci gaba da ilimin ƙwararru bayan horo na ƙwararru na asali. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Training {{!}} APsaA |url=https://apsa.org/psychoanalytic-psychotherapy-training |access-date=26 March 2022 |website=apsa.org }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Halayyar Dan Adam ta Turai (EAP) ta ƙirƙiro jerin ƙwararrun ƙwararru na ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Turai a shekarar 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Professional Competencies of a European Psychotherapist: Home Page |url=http://www.psychotherapy-competency.eu/index.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708052131/http://psychotherapy-competency.eu/index.php |archive-date=8 July 2017 |access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> Ganin cewa galibi ana tattauna batutuwa masu mahimmanci da zurfi na sirri a lokacin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ana sa ran masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, kuma galibi doka ta daure su girmama sirrin abokin ciniki ko majiyyaci. Muhimmancin sirrin abokin ciniki - da kuma iyakantaccen yanayi da za a iya buƙatar karya shi don kare abokan ciniki ko wasu - an tsara shi a cikin ƙa'idodin ayyukan ɗabi'a na ƙungiyoyin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. <ref>Ethical Principles (2010) of the American Psychological Association, Standard 4: Privacy and Confidentiality online at {{Cite web |title=Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct |url=http://www.apa.org/ethics/code |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401172733/http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ |archive-date=1 April 2015 |access-date=1 April 2015}}.</ref> Misalan lokacin da aka saba yarda da karya sirri sun haɗa da lokacin da mai ilimin halayyar ya san cewa ana cin zarafin yaro ko babba; lokacin da akwai barazanar kai tsaye, bayyananne kuma nan gaba na mummunan cutarwa ga kai ko wani mutum. A wasu ƙasashe, doka ta buƙaci masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam su zama masu ba da rahoto . === Turai === Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, har yanzu akwai bambance-bambance da yawa tsakanin ƙasashen Turai daban-daban game da ƙa'idoji da bayar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Ƙasashe da dama ba su da ƙa'idojin aikin ko kuma babu kariyar takardar shaidar. Wasu suna da tsarin yin rijistar son rai, tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru masu zaman kansu, yayin da wasu ƙasashe ke ƙoƙarin takaita aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ga 'ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa' (masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da likitocin tabin hankali) tare da horon da gwamnati ta ba su izini. Lakabin da aka kare suma sun bambanta. Ƙungiyar Kula da Ilimin Halin Ɗan Adam ta Turai (EAP) ta kafa Sanarwar Strasbourg ta 1990 kan Ilimin Halin Ɗan Adam, wadda aka keɓe don kafa sana'ar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam mai zaman kanta a Turai, tare da ƙa'idodin Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Appendix 1a |url=http://www.psychotherapy-competency.eu/Appendices/appendix1.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127013001/http://www.psychotherapy-competency.eu/Appendices/appendix1.php |archive-date=27 January 2011}}</ref> EAP ta riga ta yi hulɗa mai mahimmanci da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai da Tarayyar Turai don wannan manufa. Ganin cewa [[Tarayyar Turai]] tana da babban manufa game da 'yancin zirga-zirgar ma'aikata a cikin Turai, dokokin Turai na iya soke ƙa'idodin ƙasa waɗanda, a zahiri, nau'ikan ayyuka ne na ƙuntatawa. A Jamus, aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ga manya ya takaita ga ƙwararrun masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da likitoci (gami da likitocin tabin hankali) waɗanda suka kammala shekaru da yawa na horo na aiki da takaddun shaida a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. [1] Ganin cewa nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da kuma ilimin tsarin magani sun cika buƙatun kamfanonin inshorar lafiyar Jamus, ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa kan zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙwarewa guda huɗu a horon digiri na biyu. Ga masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, wannan ya haɗa da shekaru uku na horo na aiki na cikakken lokaci (awanni 4,200), wanda ya ƙunshi horo na shekara guda a wata cibiyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da aka amince da ita, watanni shida na aikin asibiti a wani wurin kula da marasa lafiya, awanni 600 na ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da aka kula da shi a wurin kula da marasa lafiya, da aƙalla awanni 600 na taron karawa juna sani na ka'ida. [2] Ma'aikatan zamantakewa na iya kammala horon ƙwararru ga yara da matasa. [3] Hakazalika a Italiya, aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ya takaita ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ko likitanci waɗanda suka kammala shekaru huɗu na horo na ƙwararru da aka amince da su. [4] [5] Sweden tana da irin wannan ƙuntatawa kan taken "mai ilimin halin ɗan adam", wanda ƙwararru ne kawai za su iya amfani da shi waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halin ɗan adam sannan suka nemi lasisi, wanda Hukumar Lafiya da Jin Daɗi ta Ƙasa ta bayar. [6] Dokar da aka kafa a Faransa ta takaita amfani da taken "mai ilimin halayyar ɗan adam" ga ƙwararru a cikin Rijistar Masu Ilimin Halin Dan Adam ta Ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arrêté du 9 juin 2010 relatif aux demandes d'inscription au registre national des psychothérapeutes |url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022336754&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707010353/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022336754&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id |archive-date=7 July 2010 |access-date=21 July 2010 |language=fr |ref={{Harvid|Arrêté du 9 juin 2010 relatif aux demandes d'inscription au registre national des psychothérapeutes|2010}}}}</ref> wanda ke buƙatar horo a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na asibiti da kuma lokacin horo wanda a buɗe yake ga likitoci ko takaddun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ko nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychotherapy in France |url=https://www.europsyche.org/situation-of-psychotherapy-in-various-countries/france/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=European Association for Psychotherapy |language=en-US}}</ref> Austria da Switzerland (2011) suna da dokoki waɗanda suka amince da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-09 |title=Religious Instruction Act (Federal Law) (RelUG), Quality of Continuing Professional Development of Teachers at University Colleges of Teacher Education (Decree) (QLWPH), Agreement between Austria and Switzerland on the Mutual Recognition of Equivalences in Higher Education - 1994 (Treaty) (ÖsterrSchwHE) |url=https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/eurypedia/austria/legislation-and-official-policy-documents |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> A Burtaniya, gwamnati da [[Kwamitin Kula da Lafiya da Kulawa|Majalisar Kula da Ƙwararrun Ma'aikata ta Lafiya]] sun yi la'akari da yin rijistar doka ta dole amma sun yanke shawarar cewa ya fi kyau a bar wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru su tsara kansu, don haka Hukumar Kula da Ma'aunin Ƙwararru ta Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a (PSA) ta ƙaddamar da tsarin Rijistar Sa-kai Mai Amincewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UK Department of Health |author-link=Department of Health (United Kingdom) |date=21 February 2007 |title=Trust, assurance and safety: The regulation of health professionals |url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_065947.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_065947.pdf |archive-date=7 January 2013 |access-date=22 February 2013 |publisher=[[The Stationery Office]] |type=White Paper}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGivern |first=Gerry |last2=Fischer |first2=Michael Daniel |date=February 2012 |title=Reactivity and reactions to regulatory transparency in medicine, psychotherapy and counselling |url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/45260/1/WRAP_McGivern_McGivern__Fischer_SSM_2012_Reactivity__Reactions_to_Regulatory_Transparency_in_Medicine_Psychotherapy__Counselling_%28Authors%27_version%29.pdf |journal=[[Social Science & Medicine]] |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=289–296 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.09.035 |pmid=22104085}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Voluntary Registers: About Accreditation |url=http://www.professionalstandards.org.uk/voluntary-registers/about-accreditation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109103930/http://www.professionalstandards.org.uk/voluntary-registers/about-accreditation |archive-date=9 January 2014 |access-date=9 January 2014 |publisher=[[Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care]]}}</ref> Ba da shawara da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba lakabi ne mai kariya a Burtaniya ba. Masu ba da shawara da masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam waɗanda suka horar kuma suka cancanta zuwa wani matsayi (yawanci Difloma na mataki na 4) za su iya neman zama membobin ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru waɗanda aka jera a cikin Rijistar da aka Amince da PSA. === Amurka === A wasu jihohi, masu ba da shawara ko masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali dole ne su sami lasisin amfani da wasu kalmomi da taken kan tantance kai ko talla. A wasu jihohi, ƙuntatawa kan aikin suna da alaƙa da karɓar kuɗi. Jihohi daban-daban suna yin lasisi da ƙa'idoji. Gabatar da aikin a matsayin mai lasisi, amma ba tare da irin wannan lasisin ba, gabaɗaya haramun ne. [1] Ba tare da lasisi ba, misali, mai aiki ba zai iya yin lissafin kamfanonin inshora ba. [2] ] Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka ce ke ba da bayanai game da lasisin jihar ga masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. [3] Baya ga dokokin jiha, Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka tana buƙatar membobinta su bi ''ƙa'idodin Ɗabi'a na Masana Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Dokar Ɗabi'a'' da aka buga. <ref>Ethical Principles (2010) of the American Psychological Association, online at {{Cite web |title=Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct |url=http://www.apa.org/ethics/code |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401172733/http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ |archive-date=1 April 2015 |access-date=1 April 2015}}.</ref> Hukumar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka tana bincika kuma tana tabbatar da "masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam waɗanda ke nuna ƙwarewa a fannoni na musamman da aka amince da su a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na ƙwararru". <ref>{{Cite web |title=PUBLIC – American Board of Professional Psychology |url=http://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3285 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613131341/http://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3285 |archive-date=13 June 2011 |access-date=1 April 2015 |website=www.abpp.org}}</ref> === Kanada === Tsarin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa yana ƙarƙashin ikon larduna da yankuna daban-daban, kuma ya bambanta a tsakanin su. A [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]], ilimin halayyar ɗan adam aiki ne da aka tsara wanda aka takaita ga masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, likitocin likita, da masu lasisin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da Ordre des psychologues du Québec, umarnin masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Quebec suka bayar. Membobin wasu takamaiman sana'o'i, ciki har da ma'aikatan zamantakewa, ma'aikatan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da na iyali, masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na sana'a, masu ba da shawara kan jagoranci, masu ilimin laifuka, masu ilimin jima'i, [[Ilimin hankali|masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali]], da ma'aikatan jinya da aka yi wa rijista na iya samun izinin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ta hanyar cika wasu buƙatun ilimi da aiki; kulawarsu ta ƙwararru ana ba su ta hanyar umarnin ƙwararru. Wasu ƙwararrun da ke yin aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kafin tsarin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu ya ci gaba da riƙe izinin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kaɗai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Qui pratique la psychothérapie ? |url=https://www.ordrepsy.qc.ca/qui-pratique-la-psychotherapie- |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Ordre des psychologues du Québec}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2019, Dokar Bacewar Mutane ta Ontario ta fara aiki, da nufin ba wa 'yan sanda ƙarin iko don bincika mutanen da suka ɓace. Yana ba 'yan sanda damar buƙatar (sabanin ba da izini) ƙwararrun lafiya, gami da masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, su raba wasu takardu na sirri game da abokin cinikinsu, idan akwai dalilin da zai sa a yi imanin cewa abokin cinikinsu ya ɓace. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 2019 |title=New Legislation: Missing Persons Act, 2018 |url=https://cpo.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/Complete-Issue-October-2019.pdf |journal=The E-Bulletin |volume=10 |issue=4 |page=6}}</ref> Wasu sun nuna damuwa cewa wannan dokar tana lalata sirrin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma 'yan sanda na iya cin zarafin su ta hanyar mugunta, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mares |first=Beth |date=23 December 2019 |title=New police powers trump privacy in Ontario |url=https://www.therapytorontotherapist.ca/pp2.htm}}</ref> yayin da wasu suka yaba da dokar saboda yadda take girmama sirri kuma ta haɗa da bincike da daidaito. == Duba kuma == * Improving Access to Psychological Therapies * List of psychotherapy journals * Physical therapy – Profession that helps a disabled person function in everyday life * Psychosomatic medicine – Interdisciplinary medical field exploring various influences on bodily processes == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karatu == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>  *   *   *   Two volumes. *   *   * {{Cite book|edition=Ann R.|url-access=Perez}} *   Two volumes. *   *   *   *   * {{Cite book|edition=Elizabeth}} *   *   {{Medical resources|ICD11={{ICD11|QB95.4}}|ICD10={{ICD10|Z50.4}}|ICD10CM=<!--{{ICD10CM|Xxx.xxxx}}-->|ICD9=|ICDO=|OMIM=|MedlinePlus=|eMedicineSubj=|eMedicineTopic=|PatientUK=|MeshID=D011613|NCI=|Scholia=Q183257|SNOMED CT=}}{{Psychology}}{{Psychotherapy}}<templatestyles src="Module:Portal bar/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ge615ga6yb4wi01zfkeuttd6feuay69 0 157855 888425 858355 2026-07-28T10:36:34Z BnHamid 12586 +Databox 888425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An yi amfani da samfuran linzamin kwamfuta akai-akai don nazarin Ciwon Down saboda kusanci da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta na beraye da mutane, da kuma yaduwar amfani da beraye a cikin binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje. == Tarihi == Trisomy 21, wani karin kwafin [[chromosome]]_21_(human)" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Chromosome 21 (human)">Chromosome na 21, yana da alhakin haifar da ciwon Down, kuma chromosome 16 na linzamin kwamfuta yayi kama da chromosome 21 na mutum.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Reeves RH, Irving NG, Moran TH, Wohn A, Kitt C, Sisodia SS, Schmidt C, Bronson RT, Davisson MT |date=October 1995 |title=A mouse model for Down syndrome exhibits learning and behaviour deficits |journal=Nature Genetics |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=177–84 |doi=10.1038/ng1095-177 |pmid=7550346 |s2cid=24966761}}</ref> A shekara ta 1979, trisomy na linzamin kwamfuta chromosome 16 (Ts16) da farko ya nuna yiwuwar zama kwayar halitta don cutar Down ta mutum.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Patterson D, Costa AC |date=February 2005 |title=Down syndrome and genetics - a case of linked histories |journal=Nature Reviews. Genetics |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=137–47 |doi=10.1038/nrg1525 |pmid=15640809 |s2cid=39792702}}</ref> Koyaya, Ts16 embryos da wuya su tsira har zuwa haihuwa, suna sa su kasa zama abin koyi ga halayyar da ci gaban bayan haihuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rueda N, Flórez J, Martínez-Cué C |date=2012-05-22 |title=Mouse models of Down syndrome as a tool to unravel the causes of mental disabilities |journal=Neural Plasticity |volume=2012 |doi=10.1155/2012/584071 |pmc=3364589 |pmid=22685678 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan bambancin rayuwa tsakanin jinsuna ya samo asali ne daga kasancewar kwayoyin halitta a kan linzamin kwamfuta na 16 waɗanda ba su kasance a kan chromosome 21 na mutum ba, suna gabatar da ƙarin rashin daidaituwa na kwayoyin halitta. Saboda wannan rashin amfani, an yi amfani da wasu takamaiman samfuran linzamin kwamfuta. == Ts65Dn == === Misali === An fara gabatar da samfurin linzamin kwamfuta na Ts65Dn a cikin 1993, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=T |first=Davisson, M |last2=C |first2=Schmidt |last3=H |first3=Reeves, R |last4=G |first4=Irving, N |last5=C |first5=Akeson, E |last6=S |first6=Harris, B |last7=T |first7=Bronson, R |date=1993-01-01 |title=Segmental trisomy as a mouse model for Down syndrome. |url=http://mouseion.jax.org/stfb1990_1999/443 |journal=Faculty Research 1990 - 1999 |volume=384 |pages=117–133 |pmid=8115398}}</ref> kuma ya fi kama da trisomy 21 na mutum fiye da samfurin Ts16. A cikin Ts65Dn, ƙwayoyin suna da ƙarin kwafin wani ɓangaren kwayoyin halitta akan chromosome 16 da kuma wani ɓangaren ƙwayoyin halitta akan cromosome 17. Daga wannan samfurin, ana samar da nau'ikan cututtukan Down, gami da Rashin daidaituwa na halayyar da lahani na fahimta.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rueda N, Flórez J, Martínez-Cué C |date=2012-05-22 |title=Mouse models of Down syndrome as a tool to unravel the causes of mental disabilities |journal=Neural Plasticity |volume=2012 |doi=10.1155/2012/584071 |pmc=3364589 |pmid=22685678 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Lalacewar DNA === Ts65Dn ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwace tana tara Lalacewar DNA.<ref name="pmid29523805">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pawlikowski B, Betta ND, Elston T, Williams DA, Olwin BB |date=March 2018 |title=Muscle stem cell dysfunction impairs muscle regeneration in a mouse model of Down syndrome |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=4309 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.4309P |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-22342-5 |pmc=5844921 |pmid=29523805}}</ref> Wadannan ƙwayoyin kuma suna nuna histone deubiquitinating enzyme, Usp16, wanda ke tsara amsar lalacewar DNA.<ref name="pmid29523805" /> Wadannan dysfunctions na ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya lalata sake farfadowar tsoka kuma yana taimakawa ga cututtukan Down syndrome. Mice na T65Dn sun rage yawan ƙwayoyin jini (HSCs) tare da karuwa a cikin samar da HSC na nau'in iskar oxygen idan aka kwatanta da ƙwayoyin euploid na nau'ikan littermates na daji.<ref name="pmid23432468">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lorenzo LP, Shatynski KE, Clark S, Yarowsky PJ, Williams MS |date=August 2013 |title=Defective thymic progenitor development and mature T-cell responses in a mouse model for Down syndrome |journal=Immunology |volume=139 |issue=4 |pages=447–58 |doi=10.1111/imm.12092 |pmc=3719062 |pmid=23432468}}</ref> Rashin fashewar DNA guda biyu yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin HSCs daga beraye Ts65Dn, kuma wannan yana da alaƙa da raguwar aikin HSC clonogenic idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa.<ref name="pmid27243896">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Wang Y, Chang J, Shao L, Feng W, Luo Y, Chow M, Du W, Meng A, Zhou D |date=June 2016 |title=Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Ts65Dn Mice Are Deficient in the Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks |journal=Radiation Research |volume=185 |issue=6 |pages=630–7 |bibcode=2016RadR..185..630W |doi=10.1667/RR14407.1 |pmc=4943077 |pmid=27243896}}</ref> HSCs daga Ts65DN beraye kuma ba su da ƙwarewa wajen gyaran DNA sau biyu fiye da sel daga nau'in beraye na daji. Wadannan abubuwan lura sun nuna cewa ƙarin kwafin kwayoyin halitta a kan chromosome 21 na iya lalata ikon HSCs don gyara raguwar igiya biyu, kuma wannan raunin na iya taimakawa ga Ciwon Down da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan jini da cututsin jini.<ref name="pmid27243896" /> === Abubuwan da aka gano === An yi nazarin wannan samfurin don fahimtar tushen jijiyoyin jijiyoyinta na raunin hankalinta. An gano cewa yana nuna hanawa a cikin gyrus na dentate, kuma M<nowiki><sub id="mwUA">A</sub></nowiki> adawa da GABAA sun sami damar warware wasu daga cikin wannan rauni.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Fernandez F, Morishita W, Zuniga E, Nguyen J, Blank M, Malenka RC, Garner CC |date=April 2007 |title=Pharmacotherapy for cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Down syndrome |journal=Nature Neuroscience |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=411–3 |doi=10.1038/nn1860 |pmid=17322876 |s2cid=29468421}}</ref> Wadannan beraye an gano su da gogewa a cikin ci gaba, suna nuna halaye masu ban mamaki kamar jinkirin ɗan adam, kuma a ƙarshe suna fuskantar hypertrophy na astrocytic da sauran nau'ikan Neurodegeneration.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-link=David M. Holtzman |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Holtzman DM, Santucci D, Kilbridge J, Chua-Couzens J, Fontana DJ, Daniels SE, Johnson RM, Chen K, Sun Y, Carlson E, Alleva E, Epstein CJ, Mobley WC |date=November 1996 |title=Developmental abnormalities and age-related neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Down syndrome |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=93 |issue=23 |pages=13333–8 |bibcode=1996PNAS...9313333H |doi=10.1073/pnas.93.23.13333 |jstor=40794 |pmc=24093 |pmid=8917591 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau, sun ƙunshi manyan jijiyoyin jijiyoyi da sauran canje-canje na tsari.<ref>{{Cite journal |author-link7=William C. Mobley |vauthors=Belichenko PV, Masliah E, Kleschevnikov AM, Villar AJ, Epstein CJ, Salehi A, Mobley WC |date=December 2004 |title=Synaptic structural abnormalities in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down Syndrome |journal=The Journal of Comparative Neurology |volume=480 |issue=3 |pages=281–98 |doi=10.1002/cne.20337 |pmid=15515178 |s2cid=23205964}}</ref> == Dp (16) 1Yu == === Misali === Tsarin Dp (16) 1Yu (wanda ake kira Dp (16) 10Yey) ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare na kwafin linzamin kwamfuta 16 (MMU16). Ba kamar samfurin Ts65Dn ba, Dp (16) 1Yu ya ƙunshi kwafin ɓangarorin chromosome 16 kawai waɗanda suka yi daidai da chromosome 21 na ɗan adam. Wannan ya sa samfurin Dp (16) 1Yu ya zama wakilci mafi kyau na Down Syndrome. Wannan samfurin yana gabatar da alamomi da yawa, gami da karuwar lahani na zuciya da ilmantarwa da rashi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya waɗanda suke kwatankwacin alamun da aka gani a cikin Down Syndrome. Wadannan beraye kuma suna nuna karuwar lahani na haihuwa a cikin pancreas (duba annuler pancreas) da malrotation na hanji. === Abubuwan da aka gano === # Magungunan magunguna don raunin fahimta a cikin samfurin linzamin kwamfuta na ciwon Down. # Rashin daidaituwa na ci gaba da lalacewar neurodegeneration da ke da alaƙa da shekaru a cikin samfurin linzamin kwamfuta na ciwon Down. # Rashin daidaituwa na tsarin Synaptic a cikin tsarin linzamin kwamfuta na Ts65Dn na ciwon ƙasa. == Ts1Cje == === Misali === An kirkiro samfurin linzamin kwamfuta na Ts1Cje na Down Syndrome a Jami'ar California, San Francisco a cikin shekara ta 1997. Wannan samfurin yana da sau uku na MMU 16 wanda ya fi karami fiye da yankin sau uku a cikin tsarin Ts65Dn. Ts1Cje triplication ya ƙunshi abin da aka gano a matsayin Down Syndrome Critical Region, yankin da ke da hannu a duk nau'ikan DS. Ts1Cje mice suna da kwafi uku na ɓangaren nesa na MMU16 daga kwayoyin halitta ''Sod1 zuwa Mx1''. Koyaya, kwayar halitta ta Sod1 ba ta da kwafin aiki guda uku.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Sago H, Carlson EJ, Smith DJ, Kilbridge J, Rubin EM, Mobley WC, Epstein CJ, Huang TT |date=May 1998 |title=Ts1Cje, a partial trisomy 16 mouse model for Down syndrome, exhibits learning and behavioral abnormalities |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=95 |issue=11 |pages=6256–61 |bibcode=1998PNAS...95.6256S |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.11.6256 |pmc=27649 |pmid=9600952 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== Abubuwan da aka gano ==== # Dukansu namiji da namiji Ts1Cje suna da haihuwa. # Ba kamar beraye Ts65Dn ba, beraye Ts1Cje suna nuna ƙarin rashi a cikin sararin samaniya fiye da ilmantarwa wanda ba na sararin samaniya ba. # Ts1Cje mice ba sa nuna raguwar shekaru a cikin neurons na BFCN na musamman na Ts65Dn mice.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Sago H, Carlson EJ, Smith DJ, Kilbridge J, Rubin EM, Mobley WC, Epstein CJ, Huang TT |date=May 1998 |title=Ts1Cje, a partial trisomy 16 mouse model for Down syndrome, exhibits learning and behavioral abnormalities |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=95 |issue=11 |pages=6256–61 |bibcode=1998PNAS...95.6256S |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.11.6256 |pmc=27649 |pmid=9600952 |doi-access=free}}</ref> # Bayyanawa na Jak-STAT siginar siginar hanyar kwayoyin halitta an nuna su a duk lokacin ci gaba a cikin Ts1Cje mice.<ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Lee HC, Md Yusof HH, Leong MP, Zainal Abidin S, Seth EA, Hewitt CA, Vidyadaran S, Nordin N, Scott HS, Cheah PS, Ling KH |date=September 2019 |title=Gene and protein expression profiles of JAK-STAT signalling pathway in the developing brain of the Ts1Cje down syndrome mouse model |journal=The International Journal of Neuroscience |volume=129 |issue=9 |pages=871–881 |doi=10.1080/00207454.2019.1580280 |pmid=30775947 |s2cid=73478915}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lvwh7qulrqp4qetcxl8fmsnormj9j70 0 158232 888429 859561 2026-07-28T10:37:59Z BnHamid 12586 888429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Salicylhydroxamic acid''' ('''SHA''' ko '''SHAM''') magani ne wanda yake da karfi kuma ba za a iya juyawa ba na enzyme na [[urea]]" id="mwDw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Urease">urease a cikin kwayoyin cuta da tsire-tsire daban-daban; yawanci ana amfani dashi don kamuwa da cututtukan urinary. Kwayar tana kama da urea amma ba ta iya haɗawa da urease ba; <ref name="pmid_14304845">{{Cite journal |last=Fishbein |first=W |last2=Carbone |first2=P |year=1965 |title=Urease catalysis. ii. Inhibition of the enzyme by hydroxyurea, hydroxylamine, and acetohydroxamic acid |journal=J Biol Chem |volume=240 |pages=2407–2414 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)97338-2 |pmid=14304845 |doi-access=free}}</ref> don haka tana rushe metabolism na [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] ta hanyar hana gasa. Har ila yau wakili ne na trypanocidal. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi ta baki, ana sarrafa shi zuwa salicylamide, wanda ke haifar da tasirin analgesic, antipyretic, da kuma tasirin kumburi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} Salicylhydroxamic acid kuma wani nau'i ne na yau da kullun da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kira na metallacrowns. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}} A cikin tsire-tsire, wasu fungi da wasu protists tare da madadin oxidase (AOX) enzyme a cikin tsarin jigilar lantarki na mitochondrial, salicylhdroxamic acid yana aiki ne a matsayin mai hana enzyme, yana toshe yawanci ba a hana shi ba na electrons ta hanyar AOX.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anina D. Murphy |last2=Naomi Lang-Unnasch |name-list-style=amp |year=1999 |title=Alternative Oxidase Inhibitors Potentiate the Activity of Atovaquone against Plasmodium falciparum |journal=American Society for Microbiology |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=651–654 |doi=10.1128/AAC.43.3.651 |pmc=89175 |pmid=10049282}}</ref> AOX yana aiki ne a matsayin "gajeren kewayon" na sarkar lantarki ta yau da kullun, yana watsar da electrons tare da raguwar translocation na protons, sabili da haka ya rage samar da ATP ta hanyar Oxidative phosphorylation. Lokacin da SHAM ta toshe AOX, ana tilasta electrons ta hanyar hanyar cytochrome da kuma ta hanyar rikitarwa IV, yana ba da damar lura da aikin hanyar cytochrom ba tare da aikin AOX ba. An gano hanyar AOX ta zama hanyar jigilar lantarki ta musamman a cikin ''Trypanosoma brucei'', kwayar halitta da ke haifar da Ciwon Barci na Afirka, ma'ana SHAM gaba ɗaya ta rufe amfani da iskar oxygen ta wannan kwayar halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Minagawa N |last2=Yabu Y |last3=Kita K |last4=Nagai K |last5=Ohta N |last6=Meguro K |last7=Sakajo S |last8=Yoshimoto A |year=1997 |title=An antibiotic, ascofuranone, specifically inhibits respiration and in vitro growth of long slender bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei |journal=Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=271–80 |doi=10.1016/S0166-6851(96)02797-1 |pmid=9084049}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yabu Y |last2=Yoshida A |last3=Suzuki T |last4=Nihei C |last5=Kawai K |last6=Minagawa N |last7=Hosokawa T |last8=Nagai K |last9=Kita K |last10=Ohta N |year=2003 |title=The efficacy of ascofuranone in a consecutive treatment on Trypanosoma brucei brucei in mice |journal=Parasitol. Int. |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=155–64 |doi=10.1016/S1383-5769(03)00012-6 |pmid=12798927}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Acetohydroxamic acid == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] etztta9ittt67g9dg5ops48c8wgvga2 0 158463 888442 860421 2026-07-28T10:44:44Z BnHamid 12586 Replaced content with "{{Databox}} '''Bromofenofos''' wakili ne na anthelminthic wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin maganin dabbobi. Ana amfani dashi don magance cututtukan hanta na yau da kullun (''Fasciola hepatica'') a cikin shanu da tumaki. Yana da [[Magana da cututtuka|teratogenic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Yoshimura H |date=June 1987 |title=Comparative embryolethal effect of bromofenofos and dephosphate bromofenofos in rats |journal=Archives of Toxicology |volume=60 |issue=4 |..." 888442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bromofenofos''' wakili ne na anthelminthic wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin maganin dabbobi. Ana amfani dashi don magance cututtukan hanta na yau da kullun (''Fasciola hepatica'') a cikin shanu da tumaki. Yana da [[Magana da cututtuka|teratogenic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Yoshimura H |date=June 1987 |title=Comparative embryolethal effect of bromofenofos and dephosphate bromofenofos in rats |journal=Archives of Toxicology |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=325–7 |doi=10.1007/BF01234673 |pmid=2820352 |s2cid=21143121}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} h4nqpmqc5omt5z27hco33vzlbvr73vo 0 158677 888239 861427 2026-07-27T17:17:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maganin mawaka''' yana magance matsalolin jiki da na hankali da [[Mawaƙi|mawaka]] ke fama da su ('Cututtukan mawaka'). Wani lokaci kuma ana kiransa da Maganin Kiɗa, wanda kuma ke bayyana nau'ikan hanyoyin magance kiɗa daban-daban. Fannin ilimin kimiyyar kiɗa mai alaƙa ya ƙunshi bincike kan tushen ilimin halittar jiki na yin kiɗa da kuma [[Kula da lafiya na rigakafi|rigakafin]] matsalolin lafiya na gama gari a cikin mawaƙa. Kalmar Lafiyar Mawaƙa, wacce galibi ana amfani da ita azaman ma'anar Maganin Mawaƙa, gabaɗaya tana nufin kula da lafiya da walwalar mawaƙa, da kuma matakan rigakafi, kamar motsa jiki mai kyau da dacewa, abinci mai kyau, da isasshen barci. Binciken ya kuma haɗa da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa, misali [[Tsoro a filin wasa|tsoro a matakin mataki]] . == Bincike da Kimiyya == Tun daga shekarar 1832, Karl Sundelin ya buga littafinsa ''na Jagorar Likitanci ga Mawaka'' . Daga baya, a kusan ƙarshen ƙarni, Adolf Steinhausen (1859–1910) ya buga littattafai da yawa kan maganin kiɗa. Sannan, a shekarun 1920, Julius Flesch ya rubuta game da ''Berufskrankheiten des Musikers'' (Cututtukan Sana'a na Mawaka) (Cele, 1925). Masanin ilimin jijiyoyi Kurt Singer ya buga littafinsa ''Berufskrankheiten der Musiker'' (Cututtukan Sana'a na mawaka). Daga 1923, Singer ya koyar a Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin . An sanya wa Kurt-Singer-Institute for Music Physiology and Hochschule für Musik Hans Eisler, wanda a halin yanzu Alexander Schmidt ke jagoranta, suna bayansa. Sauran cibiyoyin likitancin mawaka sun haɗa da Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Jiki da Magungunan Mawaka a Jami'ar Kiɗa, Wasan Kwaikwayo da Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai ta Hanover, wadda Christoph Wagner ya kafa a shekarar 1974 kuma Eckart Altenmüller ya jagoranta tun 1994, da kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Likitan Mawaka ta Freiburg, wadda aka kafa a 2005 kuma Claudia Spahn da Bernhard Richter suka jagoranta. A tsohuwar GDR, an yi nazarin fannin a Asibitin Kula da Lafiyar Ma'aikata na gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da ƙungiyar makaɗa a Berlin. Akwai wasu cibiyoyi da sassan Kiɗa na Ilimin Jiki da Magungunan Mawaka a Jami'o'in Kiɗa da ke Weimar, Leipzig, Dresden da Frankfurt, da kuma Asibitin Jami'ar Düsseldorf da Asibitin Rechts der Isar da ke Munich. A shekarar 1994, an kafa ƙungiyar Jamus ta fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da kuma magungunan mawaƙa kuma aka gudanar da taruka na shekara-shekara. An kafa irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a Switzerland, Austria, Faransa, Birtaniya, Netherlands, Amurka da New Zealand tun daga shekarun 1990. == Matsalolin lafiya da aka saba fuskanta == Matsalolin da suka fi yawa suna da alaƙa da yawan damuwa ga wasu tsokoki, jijiyoyi da haɗin gwiwa, musamman hannaye da hannuwa. Daga cikin ƙwararrun mawaƙa 264,000 da ke aiki a Amurka a 2006, kashi 50-76% (dangane da kayan aikin) sun fuskanci cututtukan tsoka da suka shafi aiki. Mata sun fi shafar maza fiye da maza (70% vs 52%). Waɗannan matsalolin galibi suna faruwa ne tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 40. Abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari sune yawan laxity, ƙaruwar horo da lokutan gwaji kwatsam, canjin jagoran motsa jiki, rashin kyawun matsayi, amfani da kayan aikin ba daidai ba da damuwa gabaɗaya. Cututtukan lafiya da aka fi sani sune: * Enthesopathy musamman na hannun da ke ƙasa * Ciwon Tenosynovitis da Ciwon Tendonopathy * Ciwon matsewar jijiya kamar ciwon ramin carpal ko kuma ulnar neuropathy a gwiwar hannu * Dystonia mai ɗorewa tare da matsewar tsoka mai rauni wanda ba za a iya sarrafawa ba * [[Osteoarthritis|Ciwon osteoarthritis]] galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin haɗin carpometacarpal ( trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis ), a cikin carpus, haɗin gwiwar yatsa ( heberden's node ) * Ciwon fitar da thoracic * [[Tinnitus]] * Rashin ji da hayaniya ke haifarwa * [[Tsoro a filin wasa|Tsoro a kan mataki]] Wasu cututtuka sun zama ruwan dare ga wasu kayan kida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2016 |title=Besser spielen, schneller spielen, überspielen: Berufskrankheiten bei Musikern |url=https://www.alle-noten.de/magazin/berufskrankheiten-musiker/ |access-date=2017-10-18}}</ref> Misali, yin amfani da goge, kayan kida na goge ko na iska sau da yawa suna haifar da canje-canje a cikin bakin, muƙamuƙi, haƙora ko fuska. Mawakan da ke cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa galibi suna zaune kusa da juna a cikin ramukan makaɗa kuma suna fuskantar manyan matakan sauti. Saboda matsayin ƙungiyar makaɗa, sau da yawa sauti ba ya da ƙarfi sosai kuma baya isa ga masu sauraro don haka dole ne a ƙara shi. A cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe, kiɗan ƙungiyar makaɗa ya ƙara ƙarfi. Wannan na iya haifar da asarar ji da kuma [[tinnitus]] na dindindin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Safe and Sound - Ratgeber zur Gehörerhaltung in der Musik- und Entertainmentbranche |url=https://www.baua.de/DE/Angebote/Publikationen/Praxis/A87.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 |access-date=2023-07-19 |publisher=Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin |archive-date=2023-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719120541/https://www.baua.de/DE/Angebote/Publikationen/Praxis/A87.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-12 |title=Traurige Liste: Musiker mit Hörsturz, Tinnitus oder Hörverlust |url=https://www.rollingstone.de/musiker-mit-hoersturz-tinnitus-hoerverlust-1513503/ |access-date=2023-07-19 |publisher=Rolling Stone}}</ref> Irin waɗannan matsalolin suna bayyana a hankali kuma sau da yawa ba a lura da su ba. Mawakan da ke fama da waɗannan yanayi dole ne su mai da hankali sosai yayin da suke kunna kayan kida, wanda ke haifar da rashin tsaro da damuwa. A wasu lokuta har ma da ƙananan matsalolin ji na iya kawo cikas ga aikinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) |title=Safe and Sound – Ratgeber zur Gehörerhaltung in der Musik- und Entertainmentbranche |url=https://www.baua.de/DE/Angebote/Publikationen/Praxis/A87.html |access-date=2022-03-22}}</ref> == Rigakafi da magani == Likitan mawaka ya fi mayar da hankali kan rigakafi, wanda ke nufin ilmantar da mawaka game da matakan kariya. Waɗannan na iya zama gyare-gyaren ergonomic na kayan kida ga jikin mawaƙin, kujeru masu kyau, motsa jiki masu dacewa da ilimin jiki da na jiki, da kuma halaye masu kyau na cin abinci da isasshen barci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Bugu da ƙari, dabarun shakatawa na iya zama da amfani, misali [[Rashin shakatawa na tsoka|shakatawar tsoka mai ci gaba]] (Jacobsen), horon autogenic, tunani, Tai chi da Qigong . Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyin motsa jiki kamar Eutony, Alexander Technique, Feldenkrais Method, Dispokinesis da maganin motsa jiki suna da tasiri wajen gano da gyara mummunan yanayin jiki. Irin waɗannan matakan ba wai kawai za su iya hanawa ba, har ma da rage ko ma kawar da matsalolin da ke akwai. Wani nau'in maganin da aka saba amfani da shi shine cututtukan osteopathy . A halin yanzu, babu maganin lalacewar ji. Mawaka da yawa ba su san haɗarin lafiya da ke tattare da zama mawaƙi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martina Lenzen-Schulte |date=2014-05-16 |title=Schwerhörigkeit bei Berufsmusikern : Dem Ohr ist Musik auch Lärm |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wissen/medizin-ernaehrung/schwerhoerigkeit-bei-berufsmusikern-dem-ohr-ist-musik-auch-laerm-12935166.html |access-date=2023-07-19 |publisher=Frankfurter Allgemeine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sven Kochale |date=2022-10-06 |title=Hörschäden bei Berufsmusikern - Laut wie ein Presslufthammer |url=https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/berufsmusiker-gehoer-schaeden-vorsorge-100.html |access-date=2023-07-19 |publisher=Deutschlandfunk Kultur}}</ref> A cewar ''Dokar Tsaron Aiki ta Jamus da ta shafi Hayaniya da Girgiza'' ( [[:de:Lärm- und Vibrations-Arbeitsschutzverordnung|Lärm- und Vibrations-Arbeitsschutzverordnung]] ) ma'aikata dole ne a kare su daga hayaniya mai cutarwa. Yawancin ma'aikata ba su san yadda aikin yake da wahala ba, tunda ya haɗa da ayyuka daban-daban, kamar koyar da kiɗa ko aiki da yawa. Ga waɗannan misalan, Jamus ta kafa shirin horarwa don taimakawa wajen gano yadda mawaƙi ke shafar ta hanyar fuskantar sautuka masu ƙarfi da kuma matakan kariya da ya kamata a ɗauka. Tunda wannan fallasa na iya bambanta sosai, software ɗin da ke da alaƙa da shirin yana haifar da matsakaicin mako-mako. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA) |title=Gehörschutz – Auswahlprogramm für Orchestermusiker |url=https://www.dguv.de/ifa/praxishilfen/praxishilfen-laerm/gehoerschutz/software-gehoerschutz-fuer-orchestermusiker/index.jsp |access-date=2022-03-22}}</ref> == Manazarta == 7c7yk82e3os9zbma6qjvwuu1h01ivzv 0 158796 888439 861698 2026-07-28T10:43:23Z BnHamid 12586 888439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:CERMEL_Campus.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar CERMEL a Lambaréné]] '''Cibiyar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta Lambaréné''' (CERMEL) cibiyar bincike ce mai zaman kanta a Lambaréné, [[Gabon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=cermel.org |url=http://www.cermel.org/index.php |website=www.cermel.org}}</ref> Cibiyar tana mai da hankali kan bincike game da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[tarin fuka]] mai tsayayya da yawa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-16 |title=New process allows tailor-made malaria research &#124; University Tübingen |url=https://www.uni-tuebingen.de/en/university/news-and-publications/press-releases/press-releases/article/neues-verfahren-ermoeglicht-passgenaue-malariaforschung.html |access-date=2018-06-12 |publisher=Uni-tuebingen.de}}</ref> da cututtukan tsutsotsi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bélard |first=S |last2=Remppis |first2=J |last3=Bootsma |first3=S |last4=Janssen |first4=S |last5=Kombila |first5=DU |last6=Beyeme |first6=JO |last7=Rossatanga |first7=EG |last8=Kokou |first8=C |last9=Osbak |first9=KK |last10=Obiang Mba |first10=RM |last11=Kaba |first11=HM |last12=Traoré |first12=AN |last13=Ehrhardt |first13=J |last14=Bache |first14=EB |last15=Flamen |first15=A |year=2016 |title=Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome and Drug Resistance in Lambaréné, Gabon: A Prospective Cohort Study |journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg |volume=95 |issue=2 |pages=472–80 |doi=10.4269/ajtmh.15-0668 |pmc=4973203 |pmid=27352879}}</ref> CERMEL tana da alaƙa ta kusa da cibiyoyin ilimi a duk duniya, gami da Jami'ar Tübingen, Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Vienna da Jami'an Amsterdam. Shugaban CERMEL shine mai binciken Austrian Peter Gottfried Kremsner, wanda kuma shine shugaban Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tropical a Jami'ar Tübingen. Babban Sakatare shine mai binciken Gabonese Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma . <ref>{{Cite web |title=cermel.org/board of directors |url=http://www.cermel.org/boardofdirectors.php |website=www.cermel.org}}</ref> Cibiyar tana samun kuɗi galibi ta hanyar ayyukan bincike da nazarin asibiti. Manyan masu ba da gudummawa sune [[Tarayyar Turai]], Gidauniyar Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates da Gwamnatin Gabon. <ref>{{Cite web |title=cermel.org/funders |url=http://www.cermel.org/html.fr/funders.php |website=www.cermel.org}}</ref> Gine-ginen bincike da gudanarwa suna kusa da Hôpital Albert Schweitzer a arewacin [[Kogin Ogooué]]. A cikin 2017, cibiyar ta koma sabon harabar. A watan Yulin 2017, Gwamnatin Gabon, Cibiyar Nazarin Cututtuka ta Jamus (DZIF), Jami'ar Tübingen da Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Vienna sun amince da kafa makarantar ga masu sana'a a harabar CERMEL don horar da likitoci da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a can.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-03 |title=Tübingen joins with international partners to train medical staff in Africa &#124; University Tübingen |url=https://www.uni-tuebingen.de/en/university/news-and-publications/press-releases/archive/archivfullview-press-releases/article/tuebingen-joins-with-international-partners-to-train-medical-staff-in-africa.html |access-date=2018-06-12 |publisher=Uni-tuebingen.de}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.cermel.org/index.php Shafin yanar gizon CERMEL] * [http://www.lenouveaugabon.com/sante/2501-9859-40-projets-scientifiques-en-cours-au-centre-de-recherche-medicale-de-lambarene Rahoto game da aikin bincike a CERMEL] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o87xbvkdr1g1ws3d4u73l87heppnl8q 0 158899 888096 878747 2026-07-27T13:36:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''MV ''Victoria''''' jirgin ruwa ne na Lake Victoria wanda Kamfanin Marine Services Company Limited na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] ke sarrafawa. Har zuwa samun 'yancin Kenya daga [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] a 1963 ta kasance Royal Mail Ship '''RMS ''Victoria''''' . <ref name="McCrow">{{Cite web |last=McCrow |first=Malcolm |date= |title=Marine Services |url=http://www.mccrow.org.uk/eastafrica/eastafricanrailways/MarineDivision/EARLakes.htm |access-date=2011-05-17 |website=[[East African Railways and Harbours]] |publisher=Malcolm McCrow}}</ref> Daga nan ta yi aiki a karkashin tutar Kenya har zuwa 1977, lokacin da aka tura ta zuwa Tanzania. == Gine-gine == An gina ''Victoria'' a matsayin jirgin ruwa mai suna "knock-down". Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited ta gina ta a Scotstoun, Glasgow, sannan ta rushe ta a watan Yunin 1959. Daga nan aka fitar da ita a cikin akwatuna 1,500 ta hanyar Mombasa zuwa [[Kisumu]] a kan [[Tafkin Victoria]], inda aka fara sake tarawa a watan Disamba na 1959 kuma an kaddamar da ita a ranar 5 ga Satumba. An mika ta ga Kamfanin Jirgin Sama da Harbours na Gabashin Afirka (EAR&H) a ranar 26 ga Yuni 1961 kuma an ba da umurni a ranar 22 ga Yuli. Lokacin da aka ba da umarnin jirgin Elizabeth II ta ba ta sunan Royal Mail Ship (RMS): jirgin EAR&H ne kawai ya sami wannan bambancin.<ref name="McCrow"/> == Hidima == Lokacin da aka ba da izini a 1961, ''Victoria'' tana da damar daukar fasinjoji 230 da tan 200 na kaya kuma tana da firiji don kayan da za su lalace. Ta karɓi sabis na zagaye na EAR&H a kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa na Tafkin Victoria, ta raba rabin jimlar lokacin tafiye-tafiye zuwa kwana biyu da rabi wanda ya ba ta damar yin hidima ga duk tashar jiragen sama a kan tafkin sau biyu a mako. EAR&H daidai da haka ta gabatar da sabbin farashi ga fasinjoji da farashi don nau'ikan kaya daban-daban a kanta.<ref name="Gazette" /> A shekara ta 1977 aka raba EAR&H tsakanin [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] da [[Uganda]] kuma an canja ''Victoria'' zuwa sabuwar hanyar Jirgin kasa na Tanzania. A cikin 1997 sashen jigilar kayayyaki na TRC ya zama kamfani daban, Kamfanin Ayyukan Ruwa Ltd . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://mscltz.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910031156/http://www.mscltz.com/ |archive-date=10 September 2011 |access-date=2011-06-26 |publisher=Marine Services Company Limited}}</ref> An sake gyara ''Victoria'' kuma saboda dawowa zuwa sabis tsakanin Bukoba da [[Mwanza]] a watan Yunin 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulisa |first=Meddy |last2=Sanga |first2=Alex |date=29 June 2020 |title=It's all smile as MV Victoria bounces back to business |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-06-295ef97cc01adfb.aspx |website=Daily News }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamagi |first=Deogratius |date=10 August 2020 |title=PM demands swift licensing of MV Victoria |url=https://www.habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-08-105f30dc1a3a08f.aspx |website=Habari Leo |access-date=2026-06-20 |archive-date=2020-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929104329/https://www.habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-08-105f30dc1a3a08f.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jirgin ya fara aiki da hanyar Mwanza-Bukoba kamar yadda aka tsara a watan Agustan 2020 a karkashin sunan "New Victoria".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamala |first=James |date=29 August 2020 |title=Break of dawn as New Victoria swings into action |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-08-285f491d6dbc5e5 |website=Daily News |access-date=2026-06-20 |archive-date=2021-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105141420/https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-08-285f491d6dbc5e5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan wani shiri na shekara-shekara binciken a watan Satumbar 2021 jirgin ya ci gaba da aiki wata daya bayan haka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaitira |first=Mgongo |date=14 October 2021 |title=Relief as MV Victoria starts services again |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/-relief-as-mv-victoria-starts-services-again-3582930 |website=The Citizen |access-date=20 June 2026 |archive-date=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104222738/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/-relief-as-mv-victoria-starts-services-again-3582930 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == gi2iaem5k6yeaymq8xqassspghoab66 0 158918 888098 862207 2026-07-27T13:57:01Z DaSupremo 9834 Added heading 888098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Orient''''' jirgin ruwa ne Océan bindigogi 118 na rundunar sojojin ruwan Faransa wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ta taka a matsayin tutar rundunar Vice-Admiral François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers a Yaƙin Nilu a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1798, da kuma mummunan barna da ta yi a ranar da mujallarta ta fashe. An yi bikin tunawa da taron da waƙoƙi da zane-zane da dama. Kafin halaka shi, ''Orient'' yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan jiragen ruwan yaƙi a duniya. == Sana'a == An ajiye jirgin a [[Toulon]], kuma an harba shi a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1791 da sunan ''Dauphin Royal'' . A watan Satumba na 1792, bayan zuwan Jamhuriyar Farko ta Faransa, kuma ba a ba ta izini ba tukuna, an sake mata suna ''Sans-Culotte'', don girmama Sans-culottes . A ranar 14 ga Maris 1795, ta shiga Yaƙin Genoa a matsayin tutar Rear Admiral Martin . Ta rufe bayan layin Faransa, tana musayar wuta da {{HMS|Bedford|1775|6}} da {{HMS|Egmont|1768|6}}, amma ta rasa hulɗa da rundunarta da daddare, don haka aka hana ta shiga cikin lamarin. A watan Mayu na 1795, an sake canza mata suna ''Sans-Culotte'' sakamakon Thermidorian Reaction . [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] ya sake mata suna ''Orient'' a safiyar tafiyarsa daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Toulon]] don balaguronsa a Masar. An ɓoye sabon sunan har zuwa lokacin ƙarshe don ɓoye manufar babbar rundunar 'yan yawon buɗe ido da aka taru a Toulon, wanda mutane kaɗan ne suka san an ƙaddara za su mamaye Masar . A shekarar 1798, an naɗa ''Orient'' a matsayin tutar rundunar da aka ɗora wa alhakin mamaye Masar, wadda ke ƙarƙashin Mataimakin Admiral François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers tare da Kyaftin Luc-Julien-Joseph Casabianca a matsayin jami'in tuta . <ref name="british">{{Cite web |title=Admiral Nelson's stunning victory over the French fleet in 1798 |url=http://www.britishbattles.com/waterloo/battle-nile.htm |access-date=9 December 2012 |publisher=www.britishbattles.com}}</ref> ''Orient'' kuma ta yi jigilar shugabannin Armée d'Égypte, musamman Janar Bonaparte. Rundunar ta kauce wa shingen da Birtaniya ta yi kuma ta kama [[Malta]] kafin ta sauka da sojoji a Masar. Bayan da Faransa ta wawure duk wani taskar da ta mallaka da kuma zinare da kuma bullion na sansanin soja na [[Valletta|Valetta]], an ɗora da yawa daga cikinsu a ''Gabas'' (ƙimar da aka kiyasta ita ce Franc miliyan 9.3, wanda Bonaparte ya yi fatan zai yi amfani da ita wajen ba da kuɗin tafiyarsa, amma mafi yawansu sun ɓace tare da ''Gabas'' daga baya). Bayan haka, rundunar ta yi sansani a wani wuri da ke gabashin [[Alexandria]], a wani wuri da ake zargin yana da ƙarfi a fannin tsaro. Rundunar sojojin Birtaniya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nelson ta gano rundunar a ranar 1 ga Agusta, kuma Nelson ta kai hari da ƙarfe 5:40 na yamma a wannan ranar , suna fara Yaƙin Nilu . Nelson ya sa rundunoninsa su yi tafiya tsakanin gabar teku da jiragen ruwan Faransa a kan anga, suna ɗaukar su ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin wani harin ramummuka. Jirgin ruwan Birtaniya ''Bellerophon'' ya makale a makare kuma ya sami kansa kai tsaye a gefen ''Gabashin'' . Jirgin mai hawa biyu, mai faɗin bindigogi talatin, bai yi daidai da ''Gabashin'' ba, kuma an wargaza shi gaba ɗaya kuma an yi masa mummunan faɗa da jiragen ''ruwan Gabas'' . ''Bellerophon'' ya yanke anga ɗinta ya kuma kauce daga yaƙin. Daga baya jiragen ruwan Birtaniya guda biyu waɗanda suka isa makare daga aikin leƙen asiri ( <nowiki><i id="mwTA">Alexander</i></nowiki> da <nowiki><i id="mwTg">Swiftsure</i></nowiki> ) suka iso suka kai hari kan ''Gabashin'' da ke ƙonewa daga baka da bayanta. Bayan ƙonewa na tsawon awa ɗaya, Gabashin ya fashe da mamaki da ƙarfe 22:30. <ref name="napoleon">{{Cite web |last=Millar |first=Stephen |title=French naval order of battle at Aboukir bay (battle of the Nile): 1–2 August 1798 |url=http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/battles/Egypt/Nile/c_nile.html |access-date=9 December 2012 |publisher=www.napoleon-series.org}}</ref> Ana jayayya kan adadin wadanda suka mutu: Turawan Birtaniya sun ba da rahoton cewa an ceto mutane 70, wanda ke nuna adadin da suka ceto a cikin jiragen ruwansu, kuma sun yi hasashen asarar da aka samu a kan wadanda suka taimaka musu 1,130; duk da haka, ma'aikatan jirgin ba su kammala ba a lokacin yakin (da yawa sun tafi hutu a bakin teku, kuma an tura wasu da yawa zuwa Alexandria don siyan kayayyaki) kuma jiragen ruwan Faransa sun dauki wasu da suka tsira. Contre-amiral Decrès ya ruwaito cewa mutane 760 ne suka tsira. <ref name="troisponts">{{Cite web |last=Mioque |first=Nicolas |title=La perte des 118 canons L'Orient (1798) et L'Impérial (1806) |url=http://troisponts.wordpress.com/2012/05/08/la-perte-des-118-canons-lorient-1798-et-limperial-1806/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510110630/http://troisponts.wordpress.com/2012/05/08/la-perte-des-118-canons-lorient-1798-et-limperial-1806/ |archive-date=10 May 2012 |access-date=19 March 2012 |publisher=troisponts}}</ref> == Ilimin kayan tarihi == Tsakanin 1998 da 1999, masanin ilmin kayan tarihi na ƙasar Faransa Franck Goddio ya jagoranci wani bincike na kayan tarihi a ƙarƙashin ruwa game da wurin da {{'}} ''Gabas'' ya faɗi. Abubuwan tarihi da aka gano sun haɗa da tsabar kuɗi, ƙananan makamai, nau'in bugawa daga injin bugawa da kuma mallakar ma'aikatan jirgin da ke cikin jirgin. Rarraba tarkace da kayan tarihi a ƙasan teku ya sa Goddio ya nuna cewa ba a lalata ''Gabas'' ta hanyar fashewa ɗaya ba, amma ta hanyar fashewa biyu a lokaci guda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Napoleon Bonaparte's fleet |url=http://www.franckgoddio.org/projects/others/napoleon-bonapartes-fleet.html |access-date=29 September 2014 |website=www.franckgoddio.org |language=en}}</ref> ==  Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Manazarta == nvbkl472ls7hhenuw4mbrgdnmarvla0 888099 888098 2026-07-27T13:57:48Z DaSupremo 9834 Removed mistake 888099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Orient''''' jirgin ruwa ne Océan bindigogi 118 na rundunar sojojin ruwan Faransa wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ta taka a matsayin tutar rundunar Vice-Admiral François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers a Yaƙin Nilu a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1798, da kuma mummunan barna da ta yi a ranar da mujallarta ta fashe. An yi bikin tunawa da taron da waƙoƙi da zane-zane da dama. Kafin halaka shi, ''Orient'' yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan jiragen ruwan yaƙi a duniya. == Sana'a == An ajiye jirgin a [[Toulon]], kuma an harba shi a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1791 da sunan ''Dauphin Royal'' . A watan Satumba na 1792, bayan zuwan Jamhuriyar Farko ta Faransa, kuma ba a ba ta izini ba tukuna, an sake mata suna ''Sans-Culotte'', don girmama Sans-culottes . A ranar 14 ga Maris 1795, ta shiga Yaƙin Genoa a matsayin tutar Rear Admiral Martin . Ta rufe bayan layin Faransa, tana musayar wuta da {{HMS|Bedford|1775|6}} da {{HMS|Egmont|1768|6}}, amma ta rasa hulɗa da rundunarta da daddare, don haka aka hana ta shiga cikin lamarin. A watan Mayu na 1795, an sake canza mata suna ''Sans-Culotte'' sakamakon Thermidorian Reaction . [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] ya sake mata suna ''Orient'' a safiyar tafiyarsa daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Toulon]] don balaguronsa a Masar. An ɓoye sabon sunan har zuwa lokacin ƙarshe don ɓoye manufar babbar rundunar 'yan yawon buɗe ido da aka taru a Toulon, wanda mutane kaɗan ne suka san an ƙaddara za su mamaye Masar . A shekarar 1798, an naɗa ''Orient'' a matsayin tutar rundunar da aka ɗora wa alhakin mamaye Masar, wadda ke ƙarƙashin Mataimakin Admiral François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers tare da Kyaftin Luc-Julien-Joseph Casabianca a matsayin jami'in tuta . <ref name="british">{{Cite web |title=Admiral Nelson's stunning victory over the French fleet in 1798 |url=http://www.britishbattles.com/waterloo/battle-nile.htm |access-date=9 December 2012 |publisher=www.britishbattles.com}}</ref> ''Orient'' kuma ta yi jigilar shugabannin Armée d'Égypte, musamman Janar Bonaparte. Rundunar ta kauce wa shingen da Birtaniya ta yi kuma ta kama [[Malta]] kafin ta sauka da sojoji a Masar. Bayan da Faransa ta wawure duk wani taskar da ta mallaka da kuma zinare da kuma bullion na sansanin soja na [[Valletta|Valetta]], an ɗora da yawa daga cikinsu a ''Gabas'' (ƙimar da aka kiyasta ita ce Franc miliyan 9.3, wanda Bonaparte ya yi fatan zai yi amfani da ita wajen ba da kuɗin tafiyarsa, amma mafi yawansu sun ɓace tare da ''Gabas'' daga baya). Bayan haka, rundunar ta yi sansani a wani wuri da ke gabashin [[Alexandria]], a wani wuri da ake zargin yana da ƙarfi a fannin tsaro. Rundunar sojojin Birtaniya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nelson ta gano rundunar a ranar 1 ga Agusta, kuma Nelson ta kai hari da ƙarfe 5:40 na yamma a wannan ranar , suna fara Yaƙin Nilu . Nelson ya sa rundunoninsa su yi tafiya tsakanin gabar teku da jiragen ruwan Faransa a kan anga, suna ɗaukar su ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin wani harin ramummuka. Jirgin ruwan Birtaniya ''Bellerophon'' ya makale a makare kuma ya sami kansa kai tsaye a gefen ''Gabashin'' . Jirgin mai hawa biyu, mai faɗin bindigogi talatin, bai yi daidai da ''Gabashin'' ba, kuma an wargaza shi gaba ɗaya kuma an yi masa mummunan faɗa da jiragen ''ruwan Gabas'' . ''Bellerophon'' ya yanke anga ɗinta ya kuma kauce daga yaƙin. Daga baya jiragen ruwan Birtaniya guda biyu waɗanda suka isa makare daga aikin leƙen asiri ( <nowiki><i id="mwTA">Alexander</i></nowiki> da <nowiki><i id="mwTg">Swiftsure</i></nowiki> ) suka iso suka kai hari kan ''Gabashin'' da ke ƙonewa daga baka da bayanta. Bayan ƙonewa na tsawon awa ɗaya, Gabashin ya fashe da mamaki da ƙarfe 22:30. <ref name="napoleon">{{Cite web |last=Millar |first=Stephen |title=French naval order of battle at Aboukir bay (battle of the Nile): 1–2 August 1798 |url=http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/battles/Egypt/Nile/c_nile.html |access-date=9 December 2012 |publisher=www.napoleon-series.org}}</ref> Ana jayayya kan adadin wadanda suka mutu: Turawan Birtaniya sun ba da rahoton cewa an ceto mutane 70, wanda ke nuna adadin da suka ceto a cikin jiragen ruwansu, kuma sun yi hasashen asarar da aka samu a kan wadanda suka taimaka musu 1,130; duk da haka, ma'aikatan jirgin ba su kammala ba a lokacin yakin (da yawa sun tafi hutu a bakin teku, kuma an tura wasu da yawa zuwa Alexandria don siyan kayayyaki) kuma jiragen ruwan Faransa sun dauki wasu da suka tsira. Contre-amiral Decrès ya ruwaito cewa mutane 760 ne suka tsira. <ref name="troisponts">{{Cite web |last=Mioque |first=Nicolas |title=La perte des 118 canons L'Orient (1798) et L'Impérial (1806) |url=http://troisponts.wordpress.com/2012/05/08/la-perte-des-118-canons-lorient-1798-et-limperial-1806/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510110630/http://troisponts.wordpress.com/2012/05/08/la-perte-des-118-canons-lorient-1798-et-limperial-1806/ |archive-date=10 May 2012 |access-date=19 March 2012 |publisher=troisponts}}</ref> == Ilimin kayan tarihi == Tsakanin 1998 da 1999, masanin ilmin kayan tarihi na ƙasar Faransa Franck Goddio ya jagoranci wani bincike na kayan tarihi a ƙarƙashin ruwa game da wurin da {{'}} ''Gabas'' ya faɗi. Abubuwan tarihi da aka gano sun haɗa da tsabar kuɗi, ƙananan makamai, nau'in bugawa daga injin bugawa da kuma mallakar ma'aikatan jirgin da ke cikin jirgin. Rarraba tarkace da kayan tarihi a ƙasan teku ya sa Goddio ya nuna cewa ba a lalata ''Gabas'' ta hanyar fashewa ɗaya ba, amma ta hanyar fashewa biyu a lokaci guda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Napoleon Bonaparte's fleet |url=http://www.franckgoddio.org/projects/others/napoleon-bonapartes-fleet.html |access-date=29 September 2014 |website=www.franckgoddio.org |language=en}}</ref> ==  Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ispgufct6igzk116wu8v4ypecc3aovm 0 158921 888093 862221 2026-07-27T13:28:11Z DaSupremo 9834 Added databox 888093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Haplochromis estor''''' wani nau'in cichlid ne mai cin kifi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Haplochromis radiation |url=https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Haplochromis_radiation.html |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=www.mun.ca}}</ref> wanda [[Tafkin Victoria]]. Wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa tsawon 17 centimeters (6.7 in) SL. Charles Tate Regan ne ya fara rubuta wannan cichlid.<ref> Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Haplochromis estor". FishBase. February 2013 version</ref> == Manazarta == hezjij0coqn9zh65uldfw97n8r6bst8 0 158927 888094 862253 2026-07-27T13:28:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''MV ''Butiama''''' jirgin fasinja ne da kaya wanda Kamfanin Marine Services Company Limited na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] ke sarrafawa tun 1980. == Tarihi == An gina MV ''Butiama'' a cikin 1980 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan jiragen ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 18, 2020 |title=ENZI ZA USAFIRI WA MELI INAVYORUDI ZIWA VICTORIA |url=https://habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-02-185e4b969407dd0.aspx |website=Habari Leo }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>  == Sabuntawa == Bayan da jirgin ya dakatar da aikinsa a shekarar 2014, gwamnati ta kashe [[Shilling na Tanzaniya|TSh&nbsp;]]4.9&nbsp;biliyan don gyara shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 14, 2020 |title=NEW-LOOK VICTORIA, BUTIAMA SHIPS BACK IN SERVICE SUNDAY |url=https://habarileo.co.tz/habari/2020-08-135f357a2adee84.aspx |website=Habari Leo }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2, 2015 |title=Tanzania: MV Butiama Lined Up for 1.33 Billion/ - Repairs |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201506020579.html |website=All Africa}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2020, sabon ''jirgin Butiama'' da aka gyara ya dawo aiki bayan dogon hutu kuma ya fara aiki tsakanin [[Mwanza]] da Nansio a Tsibirin Ukerewe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2020 |title=MV Butiama revamp great news for Ukerewe residents |url=https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/mv-butiama-revamp-great-news-ukerewe-residents |website=IPP Media}}</ref> Yana da damar ɗaukar fasinjoji 180 da tan 100 na kaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 14, 2020 |title=NEW-LOOK VICTORIA, BUTIAMA SHIPS BACK IN SERVICE SUNDAY |url=https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/2020-08-135f357a2adee84.aspx |website=Daily News}}</ref> == Manazarta == nrhqlavfwelhtvks9fw58gxkbjirp7g 0 158952 888144 862367 2026-07-27T16:11:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Mataunin kariya daga fari ('''drought refuge''') wani yanki ne da ke samar da ruwa mai dadi ko kuma yanayi mai damshi dindindin ga shuke-shuke da dabbobi, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mazaunin kariya (refuge) lokacin da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi suka fuskanci fari, sannan yana ba wa tsarin halittu (ecosystems) da manyan rukunonin halittu damar rayuwa har sai farin ya kau. Wadannan matattaun kariya daga fari suna da mahimmanci wajen kiyaye tsarin halittu a wuraren da ayyukan bil'adama ke dada tsananta tasirin sauyin yanayi. == Bayani == Mataunin kariya daga fari masu dogaro suna siffantuwa da ikon rike isasshen ruwa a lokacin fari, suna da ingancin ruwa mai kyau da zai iya dorewar rayuwar tsarin halittu, kuma ba sa fuskantar hargitsi na fili, sannan suna da hanyar saduwa da mazaunan da ke kewaye, ta yadda halittun da suka fake za su iya sake mamaye babban mazauninsu lokacin da farin ya kare.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ewater.com.au/drought/refuge_habitats.shtml |title=Refuge habitats |access-date=2011-09-02 |work=Drought Science |publisher= eWater CRC }}</ref> Ga kifi da sauran halittun ruwa marasa kashi (aquatic invertebrates), mazaunin kariya daga fari na iya kasancewa wani kebabben tafki na dindindin a cikin kogi wanda ke daina kwarara kuma mafi yawanci ya bushe a lokacin fari.<ref name=bond>Bond, N.R. (2007). ''Identifying, mapping and managing drought refuges: a brief summary of issues and approaches''. eWater Technical Report. eWater Cooperative Research Centre: Canberra. {{cite web|url=http://ewatercrc.com.au/reports/Bond-2007-Drought_Refuges.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-09-02 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918185132/http://www.ewatercrc.com.au/reports/Bond-2007-Drought_Refuges.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-18 }}</ref> Kofatun ruwa dindindin (permanent wetlands) na iya zama mazaunin kariya lokacin fari (ba na hayayyafa ba) ga nau'ikan tsuntsayen ruwa da ke yin sheka a tabkuna na dan lokaci (ephemeral lakes) lokacin da ambaliyar ruwa ta cika su.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Anon |year=2000 |title=Wetlands as waterbird habitat. |journal=Water Notes |volume=5 |url=http://portal.environment.wa.gov.au/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/DOE_ADMIN/FACT_SHEET_REPOSITORY/TAB1144247/WRCWN05.PDF |publisher=Water and Rivers Commission, Western Australia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328000949/http://portal.environment.wa.gov.au/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/DOE_ADMIN/FACT_SHEET_REPOSITORY/TAB1144247/WRCWN05.PDF |archive-date=2011-03-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author= White, J.M.|year=1987 |title=The New England lagoons as drought refuges for waterbirds |journal=Emu |volume=87 |issue= 4|pages=253–255 |url= http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=MU9870253.pdf |doi=10.1071/mu9870253|bibcode=1987EmuAO..87..253W }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.water.vic.gov.au/resources/news_items/archived-news-items/2008-news-items/birds-find-a-refuge |title=Birds find a refuge |access-date=2011-09-02 |work=Water Victoria: News and resources |publisher=Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria |date=2008-08-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413090117/http://www.water.vic.gov.au/resources/news_items/archived-news-items/2008-news-items/birds-find-a-refuge |archive-date=2011-04-13 }}</ref> "Mazaunin kariya daga fari wuri ne mai aminci da ke dorewa ta cikin wani hargitsi, inda babban ma'anarsa shi ne cewa bayan hargitsin, mazaunin yana samar da halittun da za su sake mamaye wurin don ba wa rukunonin halittu damar farfadowa."{{Quote without source|date=September 2018}} Ga wasu nau'ikan halittu, wannan mazaunin kariya shi ne kadai tushen ruwansu kuma yana da mahimmanci don rayuwarsu.<ref>Lake, P. Sam ''Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems: Effects and Responses''</ref> Ga tsuntsaye da nau'ikan halittu marasa kashi, mazaunin kariya daga fari ba wai kawai ya zama dole don rayuwa ba ne, har ma yana taimakawa wajen nasarar hayayyafarsu. Wasu kwayoyin halitta suna iya dacewa da muhalli lokacin da aka yi fari, amma samar da dabi'un dacewa da za su amfani rayuwa a cikin fari mai tsawo abu ne mai matukar wahalar gaske. == Ma'anar kalmomin ''refuge'' da ''drought'' == Kalmar ''refugium'' (jam'i: ''refugia'') masana kimiyyar halittu masu canzawa (evolutionary biologists) ne suka fara amfani da ita don mazaunan kariya da ke kare daukacin nau'ikan halittu (species) daga abubuwan hargitsi na manyan sikelin lokaci da fili, kamar daskarewar kankara (glaciation) ko tasirin dogon lokaci na sauyin yanayi.<ref name =Robson5>Robson, B. J., Chester, E. T., Mitchell, B. D., & Matthews, T. G. (2013). Disturbance and the role of refuges in mediterranean climate streams. ''Hydrobiologia'', 719(1), 77–91.</ref> Hargitsi (disturbance) ya kunshi rashi na dan lokaci na kwayoyin halitta (biomass) wanda ke haifar da canji a muhallin fili.<ref name=Parkos2a>Parkos, J. J., Ruetz, C. R., Trexler, J. C. (2011). Disturbance regime and limits on benefits of refuge use for fishes in a fluctuating hydroscape. Oikos, 120(10), 1519-1530.</ref> Masana tsarin halittu (ecologists) na kananan sikeli a yanzu suna amfani da wannan kalma a matsayin daidai take da mafi saukin kalma wato ''refuge'', don bayyana wuraren da ke kare rukunonin shuke-shuke ko dabbobi daga hargitsi na kananan sikeli, kamar gobara, ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa, ko tasirin bil'adama.<ref name=Robson5 /> Refugia su ne mazauna ko abubuwan muhalli da ke ba da juriya na fili da lokaci da kuma karfin farfadowa ga al'ummomin halittu da hargitsi ya shafa.<ref name=Magoulick4a>Magoulick, D. D., & Kobza, R. M. (2003). The role of refugia for fishes during drought: A review and synthesis. ''Freshwater Biology'', 48, 1186–1198.</ref> A nan, munanan tasirin hargitsi sun yi kasa idan aka kwanta da yankunan da ke kewaye ko lokuta.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Refugia tana kare nau'ikan halittu na dogon lokaci, yayin da refuge ke kare nau'ikan halittu na takaitaccen lokaci.<ref name=Kath1a>Kath, J., Powell, S., Reardon-Smith, K., El Sawah, S., Jakeman, A. J., Croke, B. F. W., & Dyer, F. J. (2015). Groundwater salinization intensifies drought impacts in forests and reduces refuge capacity. ''Journal of Applied Ecology'', 52, 1116–1125.</ref> Akwai sauran amfani na kalmar ''refuge'', kamar na wuraren kiyaye namun daji ko wurin da babu dabbobi masu cin naman wasu (predation refuge).<ref name=Robson5 /> Refuge wuri ne ko yanayi da ke ba da aminci ko mafaka.<ref name=Robson5 /> A nan, canjin yanayi ba ya cika shafar nau'ikan halittun ba.<ref name=Kath1a /> Rashin samun hazo ko ruwan sama yana haifar da bushewar tsarin halittun ruwa kuma yana haifar da hargitsi na dabi'a da ake kira fari (drought).<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Domin kwayoyin halitta su tsira daga fari, dole ne hargitsin ya kasance kadan ko kuma a sami mazaunin kariya daga fari.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> == Tasirin fari == Ana auna tsananin hargitsi ta hanyar karfinsa, tsawonsa, da kuma lokacin farfadowarsa.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Karfi da tsawon lokaci suna tasiri ga karfin hargitsi da yuwuwar rayuwar kwayoyin halitta (organisms) a cikin wani yanki.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Lokacin farfadowa yana tasiri ga matakin yawa da tsarin farfadowa a cikin mazaunin da aka hargitsa har sai wani sabon motsi ya tilasta wa nau'ikan halittu neman mafaka.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Hargitsi, kamar fari, suna tasiri ga tsarin fili da lokaci na amfani da mazaunin kariya, sannan da kuma rawar da mazaunan kariya ke takawa a cikin sauye-sauyen al'umma.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Sauye-sauye a cikin tsarin hargitsi suna shafar tsarin amfani da mazaunin kariya da tsarin al'umma.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Raguwar lokaci tsakanin hargitsi yana kara amfani da mazaunin kariya har sai an kai ga wani yanayi na yawa, inda amfanin ke raguwa sakamakon raunin juriya da karfin kariya na wani nau'in halitta.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Lalacewar mazaunin kariya (refuge degradation) yana kara mace-mace ga nau'ikan halittu masu saurin shafa a lokutan manyan hargitsi.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Fari yana rage fadin fili da girman ruwa, yayin da yake kara tsananin ingancin ruwa na fili da na sinadarai, kamar matakan zafi, yawan iskar oxygen da matakan ruwa.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Wannan yana da alaka da mu'amalar da ke tsara al'ummomin nau'ikan halittu daban-daban sannan yana shafar mace-mace, haihuwa da kuma kason kaura.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> A lokacin fari, nau'ikan halittu dole ne su nemi mazaunin kariya ko kuma su kasance da dabi'un dacewa da ke samar da kariya.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Tsanani na yanayin ruwa (hydrological extremes), kamar ambaliyar ruwa da fari, suna gyara mazaunai.<ref name=Stubbington5a>Stubbington, R. (2012). The hyporheic zone as an invertebrate refuge: A review of variability in space, time, taxa and behavior. Marine and Freshwater Research, 63(4), 293-311.</ref> Fari ba wai kawai yana haifar da asarar mazaunai ba ne, har ma yana haifar da kebebbun sassan mazaunai wadanda ke samuwa ta hanyar rabuwar rukunonin halittu (populations) wadanda tare suke fuskantar rarrabuwa (meta population).<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Karuwar yawan kwayoyin halitta wani sakamako ne na fari.<ref name=Magoulick4a /><ref name=Stubbington5a /> Karuwar yawan kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da takaitattun albarkatu, takaitaccen motsi, karuwar gauraya ko gaba (competition), da kuma karuwar barazanar cin naman juna (predation).<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Fari kuma yana haifar da canje-canje a albarkatun abinci da ingancin ruwa.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> == Aiki da mahimmancin mazaunan kariya daga fari == Mazaunan kariya daga fari suna kare rukunonin shuke-shuke da dabbobi daga abubuwan da suka shafi tsananin yanayi yayin da yanayin ke sauyawa.<ref name=Robson5 /><ref name=Bateman1>Bateman, B. L., Pidgeon, A. M., Radeloff, V. C., Allstadt, A. J., Akcakaya, H., R., Thogmartin, W. E., Vavrus, S. J., & Heglund, P. J. (2015). The importance of range edges for an irruptive species during extreme weather events. Landscape Ecology, 30(6), 1095-1110.</ref> Suna aiki a matsayin wuraren da ke tallafawa rukunonin shuke-shuke da dabbobi da ba za su iya rayuwa a wani wuri daban ba a cikin wani fili a lokacin abubuwan hargitsi, ko wadancan abubuwan na kakar shekara ne da za a iya hangowa, ko akasin haka.<ref name=Robson5 /> Ikon mazauni na yin aiki a matsayin kariya ya dogara ne da hargitsin.<ref name=Parkos2a /><ref name=Stubbington5a /> Ikon mazaunin kariya na rike ruwa ya zama da muhimmanci ga dorewar yawancin rukunonin halittu.<ref name=Humphries3>Humphries, P., & Baldwin, D. S. (2003). Drought and aquatic ecosystems: An introduction. Freshwater Biology, 48(7), 1141-1146.</ref><ref name=Robson4>Robson, B. J., & Matthews, T. G. (2004). Drought refuges affect algal recolonisation in intermittent streams. River Research and Applications, 20(7), 753-763.</ref> Mazaunan kariya masu isasshen girma da tsawon lokaci suna dorewar rukunonin halittu, suna kiyaye rarrabuwar halittu (biodiversity) sannan suna iya dauke da rukunonin halittu da suka rage daga doli (relict populations).<ref name=Robson5 /> Suna da mahimmanci musamman yayin karuwar bushewar kasa lokacin da kalilan ne kawai na sauran mazauna masu dacewa suka rage.<ref name=Robson5 /> Halittun yanki (biota) sun dogara sosai ga mazaunan kariya na kakar shekara.<ref name=Robson5 /> Mazaunan kariya suna kara yawan damar rayuwa da lokacin farfadowa na rukunonin halittu da ke fuskantar hargitsin muhalli.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Amfanin mazaunin kariya shi ne ikon mazaunin na cika ka'idojin da suka shafi mazauni.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Ilimi game da mazaunan kariya a cikin koguna da magudanun ruwa na yanayin Bahar Rum (mediterranean) da na busassun kasashe ya karu a cikin shekaru guda goma da suka gabata.<ref name=Robson5 /> Tsarin hargitsi da tsarin sake mamaye yanki (recolonization) su ne tsare-tsaren halittu guda biyu wadanda ke da alaka da yadda mazaunan kariya ke aiki.<ref name=Chester2>Chester, E. T., & Robinson, B. J. (2011). Drought refuges, spatial scale and recolonisation by invertebrates in non-perennial streams. Freshwater Biology, 56(10), 2094-2104.</ref> Tsarin hargitsi yana mai da wurare su zama mazaunan kariya sannan tsarin sake mamaye yanki yana sake cika fadin fili da halittu da zarar hargitsin ya wuce.<ref name=Chester2 /> Sake mamaye yanki yana samuwa ne ta hanyar juriya, rayuwa ta cikin gida a mazaunan kariya daga fari, ko karfin farfadowa, babban mace-mace na cikin gida tare da daidaiton daidaikun halittu da ke komawa zuwa magudanun ruwa lokacin da yanayi ya inganta.<ref name=Magoulick4a /><ref name=Chester2 /><ref name=Pires3a>Pires, D. F., Pires, A. M., Collares, M. J., & Magalhaes, M. F. (2010). Variation in fish assemblages across dry-season pools in a Mediterranean stream: Effects of pool morphology, physicochemical factors and spatial context. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 19, 74-86.</ref> Tsarin hargitsi, samuwar mazaunin kariya, aikin mazaunin kariya da sake mamaye yanki suna faruwa ne a matakan lokaci da fili daban-daban.<ref name=Robson5 /><ref name=Humphries3 /> Rarraba mazaunan kariya a cikin fili (spatial distribution) yana tasiri ga amfani da sake mamaye yanki.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Abubuwan da suka shafi fili kadai suna da karamar gudunmawa. Mazaunan kariya sun bambanta da abubuwan siffa (morphological) da na sinadarai na fili (physicochemical) kuma; ana raba gudunmawar.<ref name=Pires3a /> Mazaunan kariya na iya kasancewa kanana ko manya sannan ana iya amfani da su na takaitaccen lokaci ko dogon lokaci.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Refugia na da alaka da juna dangane da dacewar nau'ikan halittu, sikelin fili da lokaci, da kuma tsarin hargitsi.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Yawancin tasiri na dangi ba su bayyana ba saboda kowane yanayi daban yake.<ref name=Pires3a /> Mazaunan kariya daga fari suna da mahimmanci don dorewar rarrabuwar halittu a kan manyan sikelin fili.<ref name=Chester2 /> Ruwan dindindin (perennial waters) shi ne babban mazaunin kariya daga fari mafi mahimmanci.<ref name=Chester2 /> A matsayinsu na mazaunan kariya, suna bukatar mafi karancin jari daga halittun ruwa marasa kashi na magudanun ruwa sannan suna da mafi girman rarrabuwar halittu.<ref name=Chester2 /> Ruwan saman kasa na dindindin yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwar manyan halittu marasa kashi (macroinvertebrate) da kifi.<ref name=Chester2 /> Bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin tsawo (longitudinal pattern) suna shafar wuri da aikin mazaunan kariya na ruwan dindindin.<ref name=Robson5 /> Zama a mazaunin kariya abu ne da za a iya hangowa dangane da dabi'un nau'ikan halittu, amma ba duka mazaunan kariya masu dacewa a cikin wani tsari ba ne ke da mazauna.<ref name=Chester2 /> Tsarin al'ummar mazaunin kariya mafi yawanci yana da daidaito saboda martani ga hargitsi yana shafar daukacin nau'ikan halittu; nau'in halitta guda yana amfani da irin nau'in mazaunin kariya guda.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Refugia tana taka rawa ta tsakiya wajen tsara al'ummomi.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Mafi yawan nau'ikan halittun magudanun ruwa da ba na dindindin ba suna bayyana suna da fiye da mazaunin kariya guda na yuwuwa daga fari.<ref name=Chester2 /> Babban abin da ke kayyade mazaunan kariya daga fari da wani nau'in halitta ke amfani da shi a cikin wani fili shi ne dabi'unsa na asali (intrinsic traits).<ref name=Chester2 /> Akwai takaitattun shiyya (mazaunan kariya) da halittu ke komawa gare su lokacin fari, kuma a cikin wadannan shiyoyin akwai takaitattun siffofi na wuraren da nau'ikan halittu daban-daban ke amfani da su a matsayin mazaunan kariya.<ref name=Bateman1 /> Wani nau'in halitta na iya amfani da fiye da nau'in mazaunin kariya guda a lokacin zagayowar rayuwarsa (biological life cycle).<ref name=Robson5 /> Canji a amfani da mazaunin kariya yana samuwa ne ta hanyar siffar kasa (topography), saukin shafar daidaikun nau'ikan halittu da kuma martani ga hargitsi.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Tsarin amfani da mazaunin kariya yana tasiri ne ta hanyar nau'in hargitsi, nau'in halitta, girman yanki, yuwuwar mazauna da wuri.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Wadannan tsare-tsare ba a cika gane su da kyau ba.<ref name=Pires3a /> Mazaunan kariya daga fari suna samar da tsarin sassa na mazaunai (habitat mosaics) wadanda ke da saurin fuskantar rarrabuwar mazauni (habitat fragmentation) ta hanyar tsarin kwarara. Wasu sassan sun fi saurin shafa ga janyen ruwa (abstraction) fiye da sauran.<ref name=Robson4 /> Bushewar tafkuna tana haifar da sassa daban-daban na tafkuna a cikin busasshiyar hanyar kogi wadanda suka bambanta da dacewa ga nau'ikan halittu daban-daban da matakan rayuwa.<ref name=Pires3a /> Nau'ikan halittu daban-daban suna fifita tafkuna masu girma dabam-dabam a wurare daban-daban tare da siffofi na sinadarai da na fili daban-daban.<ref name=Pires3a /> Mazaunan kariya da ke da karancin yawan nau'ikan halittu suna bukatar karancin kokari don su kasance masu dacewa idan aka kwanta da mazaunan kariya masu rarrabuwar halittu.<ref name=Pires3a /> Girman tafki yana tasiri ga rukunin nau'ikan halittu, jimillar adadin kwayoyin halitta, da tsarin taro saboda abubuwan sinadarai da na fili.<ref name=Pires3a /> Yawan nau'ikan halittu (species richness) da wadatar amfani suna da alaka da siffar tafkin.<ref name=Pires3a /> Inuwa, wuri (geography), da tsarin kasa duka abubuwa ne masu ba da gudunmawa.<ref name=Pires3a /> Tafkuna masu tsananin inuwa suna da ruwa mai sanyi, yayin da tafkuna masu karancin inuwa ke da karuwar matakan samar da amfani na farko. Manyan mazaunan kariya suna da karuwar wadatar amfani da arziki sannan suna da yuwuwar dorewa ta cikin dogon lokaci na hargitsi.<ref name=Parkos2a /><ref name=Pires3a /> Yayin da ake amfani da su da kaddan kuma galibi suna dauke da kalilan na daidaikun halittu a cikin shekaru na yau da kullum, gefen iyakokin zama (range edges) na iya zama mazaunin kariya na lokaci-lokaci daga matsanancin yanayi ko yanayi kamar fari.<ref name=Bateman1 /> A lokacin wadannan matsanancin yanayi, yuwuwar rayuwa, nasarar hayayyafa ko duka biyun sun fi girma a gefen iyakar fiye da tsakiyar inda rukunin yake zama.<ref name=Bateman1 /> Amfani da mazaunin kariya yana tasiri ne ta hanyar siffofin mazauni, kamar musayar ruwa (hydraulic exchange) da nau'in laka (sediment type), kaura mai karfi (active migration) ko amfani da mazauni cikin sanyin jiki da siffar nau'ikan halittu, hali da tsarin jiki (physiology).<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Raguwa a amfani da mazaunin kariya na faruwa ne saboda raguwar tasiri na rage mace-mace da takaitaccen lokacin da aka samar don farfadowar al'umma wanda ke haifar da raguwar lokaci tsakanin hargitsi.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Motsi zuwa ciki da waje na mazaunin kariya yana samar da kwarara da za a iya hangowa na kwayoyin halitta (biomass) da sinadaran gina jiki (nutrients).<ref name=Parkos2a /> Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin jerin abinci (food webs) da tsarin halittu.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Dimbin yawa na sinadaran gina jiki a wuri guda lokacin hargitsi yana nufin karuwar gaba (competition) da cin naman juna (predation).<ref name=Parkos2a /> Kason mace-mace, haihuwa, kaura, da mu'amala tsakanin sassan halittun da suka gudu zuwa refugia suna tasiri ta hanyar yanayin mazaunin kariyar.<ref name=Humphries3 /> Fadin sarari, kason bushewa, da yanayin fili na kewaye da na sinadarai duka abubuwa ne masu ba da gudunmawa.<ref name=Humphries3 /> Mazaunan kariya daga fari ga algi (algae) suna da yawa saboda mafi yawan nau'ikan tsakiyar kogi na iya tsira daga bushewa (desiccation) kuma suna nuna karancin takamaiman bukatar mazaunin kariya, idan har bushewar ta faru a hankali.<ref name=Robson5 /> Sun hada da busasshen biofilm a kan duwatsu da katako, busassun ganyayyaki da kuma tafkuna na dindindin.<ref name=Robson5 /> Mazaunan kariya ga shuke-shuken ruwa (macrophytes) da kananan halittun ruwa (zooplankton) yawanci sun kunshi rumbun kwayayen haihuwa da na iri a tsakiyar koguna kuma suna da juriya ga bushewa mai tsawo.<ref name=Robson5 /> == Mahimmancin Alakar Mazaunan Kariya == Fari na haifar da sauyi a tazarar mazaunan kariya da alakarsu a matakan fili da lokaci daban-daban.<ref name=Pires3a /><ref name=Magoulick4a /> Fari na hargitsa alakar ruwa sannan yana shafar halittun da ke zaune a wurin ta hanyar asarar ruwa da kwarara daga bushewa, raguwar mazauni, da sake tsari.<ref name=Kath1a /> Isar da ruwa yana takaita ne ga yankuna na cikin tsarin sadarwar magudanun ruwa.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Sassan mazauni da membobin al'umma suka kera suna aiki a matsayin mazaunan kariya wadanda ke da mahimmanci ga sauran membobin.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Hanyoyi da tafkuna da wasu nau'ikan halittu suka tona, kamar kadangurun ruwa, suna ba da damar bazuwa zuwa cikin mazaunan kariya.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Musayar ruwa tana samar da motsin ruwa, sinadaran gina jiki, da kwayoyin halitta zuwa cikin mazaunin kariya.<ref name=Robson5 /> Rukunonin halittu marasa motsi, kamar tsirrai da dabbobi a mazaunan kariya na ruwan dindindin, ba za su iya dorewa har abada ba ba tare da alakar ruwa tsakanin mazaunan kariya ba.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Halittu masu motsi, kamar kifi, za su koma cikin mazaunin kariya idan babu shinge, kamar abubuwan toshewa na fili (misali: madatsun ruwa, kebabben tafkuna), abubuwan halitta (misali: cin naman juna, gaba), da abubuwan sinadarai da na fili (misali: karancin iskar oxygen da ke narke a ruwa). A lokacin kananan sikelin hargitsi da na takaitaccen lokaci, rukunonin halittu a cikin mazaunan kariya ba lallai ne a yanke su baki daya daga wadanda ke sauran mazaunan kariya ba ko wadanda ke sauran filaye da ba a hargitsa ba, saboda haka musayar kwayoyin halitta na iya faruwa har yanzu, ko kuma zai faru lokacin sassan zagayowar rayuwa da hargitsin bai takaita ba. A karkashin wadannan yanayi, rayuwar wani nau'in halitta ba shi da yuwuwar ya dogara ga mazaunin kariya guda daya tilo.<ref name=Robson5 /> Tsarin farfadowa yana bukatar dawo da alaka, ta yadda kaura za ta iya faruwa daga mazaunan kariya zuwa sabbin sassan mazauni.<ref name=Chester2 /> Magudanun ruwa masu gudana na dindindin na iya zama mazaunan kariya daga fari ga magudanun ruwa na makwabta, koda kuwa ba su da alakar ruwa da su.<ref name=Robson5 /> Dole ne halittun da suka fake su sami alakar ruwa a lokutan da suka dace. Ga kwari, mazaunan kariya a kan magudanan ruwa guda na iya tallafawa sake mamaye yanki a magudanan ruwa na kusa da ba su da alakar ruwa, wanda hakan na iya bukatar tsarin kiyayewa ta cikin iyakokin rumbun ruwa. Farin da aka yi daga shekarar 1996 har zuwa 2009 ya sami babban tasiri a kan Rumbun Murray-Darling, a Arewacin Ostareliya (Murphy da Timbal 2007; Umenhofer et al. 2009). Lokacin da wannan fari ya faru, ya busar da kofatun ruwa da wuraren ajiye ruwa (mazaunin kariya daga fari). Ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye da kifi da yawa, mazaunin kariyar shi ne kadai ruwa mai dadi da ke akwai. Wannan gungun ruwa yana aiki ne a matsayin abinci da mafaka; saboda haka, dole ne a kiyaye shi. Mazaunan kariya daga fari suna da yuwuwar dorewar rarrabuwar halittu a kan manyan sikelin fili kamar gungun magudanun ruwa ko daukacin tsarin magudanar ruwa. Chester, E. T. da Robson, B. J. (2011), Drought refuges, spatial scale and recolonization by invertebrates in non-perennial streams. Freshwater Biology, 56: 2094–2104. == Nau'ukan Mazaunan Kariya Daga Fari Daban-daban == Wani nau'in halitta na iya amfani da fiye da nau'in mazaunin kariya guda a lokacin zagayowar rayuwarsa.<ref name=Magoulick4a /><ref name=Robson5 /> Mazaunan kariya na iya zama siffofin fili na kwayoyin halitta kamar hali na takaitaccen lokaci ko dabi'ar dacewa ta juyin halitta na dogon lokaci.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Dabbobi da shuke-shuke suna da hanyoyin kara juriya (rayuwa) da karfin farfadowa (farfadowa) ga hargitsi na fili.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Suna samar da dabi'un dacewa kamar siffa, tsarin jiki, da hali.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Siffofin dacewa na fili na kwayoyin halitta sun hada da ikon yin barcin rani (aestivate), karkataccen baki da ke ba da damar shakar oxygen a saman ruwa, garkuwar jiki, da kashin baya masu dafi.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Hanyoyin da nau'ikan halittu masu motsi ke amfani da su sun hada da halayyar neman mazaunin kariya; suna neman sassan mazauni wadanda ke rage matsin lamba na tsarin jiki sannan suna rage mace-mace.<ref name=Chester2 /> Dogaro ga bazuwa yana inganta karfin farfadowa ga sauyin yanayi a takaitaccen lokaci, amma a kan sikelin lokaci mai tsawo, ba zai kare rarrabuwar halittu na manyan halittu marasa kashi daga lalacewar mazaunin kariya na sikelin fili ba. Yankin hyporheic, wani yanki ne tare da gadon magudanun ruwa inda ruwan karkashin kasa ke haduwa da ruwan saman kasa,<ref name=Robson4 /> mazaunin kariya ne mai mahimmanci ga kwayoyin halitta marasa motsi, kamar algi. Yankin hyporheic yana karewa daga daskarewa, babban zafi, da gurbataccen yanayi. Yana rage gushewar wuri, tare da daidaiton kwarararsa mai tafiya a hankali.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> A cikin yankin hyporheic, ana rike ruwa kyauta, sannan halittu marasa kashi suna ci gaba da kasancewa a nutse a ruwa.<ref name=Chester2 /> An nuna cewa yankin hyporheic yana ba da gudunmawar halittun da ke sake mamaye wurare lokacin da kwararar ruwan saman kasa ta sake farawa. Ruwan dindindin, ko tafkuna ne, ma'abotar ruwa ko sassan magudanun ruwa masu gudana, an nuna su akai-akai a matsayin manyan mazaunan kariya.<ref name=Chester2 /> Sassan magudanun ruwa masu gudana dindindin da tafkuna na dindindin suna aiki a matsayin mazaunan kariya daga fari ga yanki mafi fadi na fili fiye da magudanar ruwan da suke a kanta.<ref name=Robson5 /> Mazaunan kariya masu girman da ya isa don dorewar daukacin rukunonin halittu, kamar sassan da ke gudana dindindin, suna da yuwuwar kasancewa mafi mahimmanci sannan suna iya zama mazaunan kariya da ke dauke da rukunonin halittu da suka rage a lokacin bushewar kasa.<ref name=Chester2 /> Tafkuna na dindindin da ruwa mai gudana dindindin yawanci suna dauke da mafi girman rarrabuwar nau'ikan halittu marasa kashi saboda suna bukatar mafi karancin jari daga halittun marasa kashin. == Barazana da kiyayewa == Saboda mazaunan kariya daga fari na iya samar da wurare kadai da ke ba wa rukunonin halittu damar dorewa lokacin fari, suna da matukar saukin shafa ga abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin ruwa kamar gurbacewar ruwa da taruwar yashi (sedimentation) daga kwararar ruwan saman kasa sakamakon ayyukan bil'adama. Don haka, a wuraren da ke fuskantar fari na lokaci-lokaci, kiyaye mazauni yana bukatar ganowa da kare mazaunan kariya daga fari.<ref name=bond/> <ref name=Humphries3 /> Fari takaitacce ne ga wasu shiyoyi da yankunan yanayi daban-daban.<ref name=Robson5 /> Sauyin yanayi a yawancin yankunan Bahar Rum na iya tsawaita lokutan fari sannan ya yi barazana ga mazaunan kariya.<ref name=Chester2 /> Ikon mazaunan kariya na dindindin na tallafawa rarrabuwar halittu na iya fuskantar babbar matsala sakamakon karuwar zafin ruwa, wanda ke rage ingancin mazaunan kariya ta hanyar wuce juriya na zafi na halittu marasa kashi ko ta hanyar haifar da rashin iskar oxygen (anoxia) a tafkunan magudanun ruwa da kuma lalacewar muhalli da ke akwai na yawancin hanyoyin ruwa na dindindin. Fari yana da ikon rage kayayyakin gona sannan ya zama sanadin asarar amfanin gona da rayuka. Don haka, adana mazaunin kariya yana da matukar mahimmanci ta fannoni da dama. Domin kiyaye mazaunin kariya daga fari ga wadannan nau'ikan halittu, ya kamata a dauki matakin da zai haifar da tasiri na takaitaccen lokaci da dogon lokaci da farin ke da shi a kan nau'ikan halittun da ke rayuwa a kansa don tsira. A California, kokarin kiyaye mazaunin kariya daga fari a can ya hada da adana ruwa lokacin da zai yuwu. Ana yin kiyayewar ruwa ne domin rukunonin tsuntsaye masu kaura (National Wildlife Refuge; Maris, 1, 2016). Hukumar kula da mazaunan kariya ta kasa kuma tana shiga cikin harkar yankan ciyawa, huda kasa, feshin magani da kone-kone masu sarrafawa. Ana daukar wadannan matakan ne a kokarin hana tsirrai tsinannu da ba na asalin wurin ba girma; irin wannan tsirrai yawanci suna girma fiye da na asalin wurin lokacin fari. Don haka, barin tsirrai na asali su tsira lokacin fari yana jagorantar nau'ikan halittu masu dogaro su nemi abinci a kan tsirran da ke akwai. An zartar da dokar tsaftace ruwa domin kare ruwan Amurka daga gurbacewa. Kodayake dokar ba ta kare dukkan ruwaye ba, tana kare gungun ruwaye da yawa. Lokacin da mazaunan kariya daga fari suka gurbace, suna zama mafi girman hadari ga nau'ikan halittu masu zaune a ciki. Dokar tsaftace ruwa mataki daya ne kawai na tsaftace ruwaye, da ceton mazaunan kariya daga fari "(The Clean Water Rule; National Wildlife Organization)." Barazana mai ci gaba ga kiyaye mazaunin kariya daga fari sun hada da; taruwar yashi, pumping din ruwan rami, da rashin tsarin ruwan, ba ya kusa da kowane sauran gungun ruwaye. Wadannan ba shakka suna haifar da yanayi inda ake samun raguwa mai tsanani a wadatar ruwa. Yayin da wadatar ruwa ke raguwa, yana kara damar mace-mace ga nau'ikan halittu masu dogaro. <ref name=Kath1a /> Rumbunan ruwan karkashin kasa (groundwater aquifers) suna tallafawa mazaunan kariya daga fari ga tsarin halittu masu dogaro da ruwa.<ref name=Kath1a /> Gurbacewa da hakar ruwan karkashin kasa fiye da kima duka suna da matsala saboda yana rage ikonsa na tallafawa mazaunan kariya daga fari da ake samarwa ta ruwan karkashin kasa.<ref name=Kath1a /> Hakar ruwa fiye da kima yana rage matakin ruwan karkashin kasa (water table) sannan yana lalata tsarin halittu masu dogaro da ruwa.<ref name=Kath1a /> Hakar ruwa fiye da kima galibi yana faruwa ne a wuraren da ke da karancin ruwan saman kasa da fari na akai-akai; inda mazaunan kariya na ruwan karkashin kasa da refugia suka fi mahimmanci.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Hargitsi da bil'adama ya kera na iya yin koyi da tasirin fari, kamar janye ruwa, da madatsun ruwa.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Gyare-gyaren hanyoyin ruwa da bil'adama ya kera suna yi wa yankin hyporheic barazana a matsayin mazaunin kariya. <ref name=Kath1a /> Gishirin ruwan karkashin kasa (groundwater salinization) yana rage kaddarorin kariya. Share tsirrai, tare da ban ruwa (irrigation), yana haifar da manyan matsaloli. Ban ruwa yana kara matakin ruwan karkashin kasa sannan yana motsa gishiri, kuma share tsirrai yana ba shi damar saduwa da mazaunan ruwa da tsirrai. Wannan yana damun nau'ikan halittun da ba su saba da babban gishiri ba. Babban matakin gishiri yana rage shan ruwa a cikin shuke-shuke, ta hanyar haifar da rufe stomata, yana rage tsarin photosynthesis. Dajika suna fuskantar raguwa a wuraren da ke da babban gishiri da kananan zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa saboda wadannan yanayi suna sanya su kasance masu saukin shafa ga fari. Dajika suna fuskantar raguwa a wuraren da ke da babban gishiri da kananan zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa wanda ke sanya su kasance masu saukin shafa ga fari. <ref name=Chester2 /> Akwai bukatar kara mayar da hankali kan kokarin kiyayewa.<ref name=Kath1a /> Ilimi game da ayyukan mazaunan kariya yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar rawar da suke takawa wajen kiyaye rarrabuwar halittu, musamman nau'ikan halittu masu saurin shafa da yanayi.<ref name=Chester2 /> Musamman a yankunan da sauyin yanayi ke kara yawan mako da tsawon lokutan fari.<ref name=Pires3a /> Don kiyaye nau'ikan halittu da ke fuskantar matsanancin yanayi mafi kyau, ya zama dole a gano yanayin da ke 'tunan' nau'ikan halittu, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, gano wuraren mazaunan kariya da daidaikun halittu ke komawa gare su.<ref name=Chester2 /> Magudanun ruwa masu gudana dindindin da tafkuna na dindindin na iya kasancewa da matukar mahimmanci don dorewar rarrabuwar halittu a cikin sassan mazaunan magudanun ruwa masu tsarin kwarara mafi bushewa.<ref name=Bateman1 /> Babban jaddadawa na kariya ta mazaunin kariya daga fari ya kamata ya kasance a kan kare ruwan saman kasa na dindindin da gefen iyakokin zama a cikin wancan fili.<ref name=Robson5 /> Hanyoyin kiyayewa ga tsarin koguna za su bukaci mayar da hankali kan ganowa da kiyaye mazaunan kariya tare da dorewar alakar mazaunan kariya, rage tasirin sauran hargitsi a kan wadannan tsarin, da kuma dorewar tsarin kwararar kakar shekara da za a iya hangowa. <ref name=Robson5 /> Sakin ruwa daga madatsun ruwa na samar da wutar lantarki (hydroelectricity reservoirs) za a iya amfani da shi don rage zafin ruwan kogi ko sake cika sassan kwarara na dindindin da da, ta haka za a kera mazaunan kariya ga halittun kogi.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Haka kuma, mayar da hankali kan dorewar ingancin ruwan karkashin kasa ya fi amfani fiye da mayar da hankali kan albarkatun ruwan saman kasa.<ref name=Kath1a /> Sake dasa bishiyoyi na iya rage gurbacewar ruwa a karkashin kasa da na saman kasa, wanda ke amfanar rarrabuwar halittu.<ref name="Robson5" /> Akwai karuwar shaida cewa mazaunan da bil'adama ya kera, kamar madatsun ruwa na kanawa, ramuka, da tafkunan gona na iya tallafawa rarrabuwar halittun ruwa mai dadi, saboda haka, suna da damar samar da mazaunan kariya.<ref name="Parkos2a" /> Suna iya hana manyan kwayoyin halitta, kamar kifi, daga makalewa yayin da matakan ruwa ke raguwa.<ref name="Robson5" /> Yayin da adana mazaunan kariya ke da mahimmanci don samar da hanyoyin sake mamaye yanki, bai wadatar ba idan halittun da ke son sake mamayewa ba za su iya tashi daga mazaunin kariyar zuwa sassan mazauni masu dacewa da sake mamaye yankin ba. Akasin haka, inda gudanar da nau'ikan halittu masu barna ya zama dole, sarrafa su a cikin mazaunansu na kariya daga fari lokacin fari na iya kasancewa mafi tasiri ga kudin gudanarwa fiye da sarrafawa na babban siri a sauran lokuta. Misali guda na wannan shi ne sarrafa zomaye a busassun yankuna da na kusa da busassun yankuna na Ostareliya.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Berman, D. |year=2008 |title=Control of rabbits in arid Australia: destroying the drought refuge. |journal=In: Proceedings of the 14th Australasian Vertebrate Pest Conference, 10–13 June 2008, Canberra |page=153 |url=http://era.deedi.qld.gov.au/1405/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |archive-date=24 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141259/http://era.deedi.qld.gov.au/1405/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} 2gbeg73hf75l9zicmpz9t2h4akf6sxd 0 158970 888103 862428 2026-07-27T14:32:43Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Furna''' al'umma ce ta bakin teku a arewa maso gabashin tsibirin [[Cape Verde]]">Brava, Cape Verde . Yana da nisan kilomita 2.5 a arewa maso gabashin babban birnin tsibirin Nova Sintra . A ƙidayar jama'arta ta 2010 yawan jama'arta ya kai 612.&nbsp; == Game da ƙauyen == An ambaci ƙauyen a matsayin ''Fuurno'' a cikin taswirar 1747 ta Jacques-Nicolas Bellin . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin |author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin |year=1747 |title=Carte des Isles du Cap Verd = Kaart van de Eilanden van Kabo Verde |url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/12504 |language=fr}}</ref> Furna ya zama tashar jiragen ruwa mafi muhimmanci a Brava a cikin 1843. A shekara ta 1982, jiragen ruwa da yawa da wasu gidaje na Furna sun lalace ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa da suka kai tsawon mita 10 waɗanda guguwar Beryl ta haifar. An inganta tashar jiragen ruwa a shekara ta 2000. Akwai hanyoyin jirgin ruwa zuwa São Filipe a Fogo da Praia a Santiago. [[Fayil:FurnaEscola.jpg|right|thumb|Makarantar da ke da zane-zane]] Brava tana da ɗakin sujada da aka sani da Nossa Senhora de Boa Viagem . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Capela de Nossa Senhora de Boa Viagempublisher=Heritage of Portuguese Influence/ Património de Influência Portuguesa — HPIP |url=http://www.hpip.org/def/pt/Homepage/Obra?a=1700 |access-date=2018-01-19}}</ref> Sabuwar makarantar rawaya kusa da ƙaramar coci a Kudancin ƙauyen, wacce gwamnatin Belgium ta biya, tana da manyan zane-zanen bango da ke motsa yara su adana ruwa mai yawa yadda zai yiwu kuma su Kasa da kilomita daya arewa maso gabashin Furna shine Ponta Jalunga tare da hasken wuta. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> Fayil:FurnaRuaPrincipal.jpg|Main Street. </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka a Cape Verde == Manazarta == a81p9xa6px93tm5150ekapdtaukyxym 0 159025 888105 862647 2026-07-27T15:06:48Z DaSupremo 9834 888105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Altolamprologus compressiceps,''''' wanda aka fi sani da '''lupapa,''' nau'in [[kifi]] ne a cikin dangin Cichlidae . Yana da iyaka ga wuraren duwatsu masu zurfi na [[Tafkin Tanganyika]]. IUCN ba ta dauke shi barazana ba. == Bayyanawa == ''A. compressiceps'' dangi ne na kusa da ''A. calvus'' kuma ana iya rarrabe su ta hanyar gajerun jawansu kuma sun juya hanci. Calvus suna da dogon fuska mai laushi, ƙananan sanduna, da kuma wurare masu banbanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-03 |title=Gold Head Compressiceps (Altolamprologus compressiceps) {{!}} Tropical Fish Keeping |url=https://tropical-fish-keeping.com/gold-head-compressiceps-altolamprologus-compressiceps.html |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=Tropical Fish Keeping - Tropical Fish Keeping for fresh and saltwater aquarium fish}}</ref> Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa na gida, kuma wasu na iya tabbatar da cewa sun kasance nau'o'i daban-daban ko nau'o-nau'i. Wasu misalai sun hada da: == Halitta ta juyin halitta == Tafkin Tanganyika yana da aƙalla nau'in kifi na cichlid 250 <ref> {{Cite web |last=West |first=Kelly |date=2001-02-28 |title=Lake Tanganyika: Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia |url=https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=iwlearn.net |publisher=International Waters Learning Exchange & Resource Network}}</ref> kuma har yanzu akwai nau'in da ba a bayyana su ba a cikin tafkin. <ref> {{Cite web |last=Morfitt |first=Craig |date=2009-12-24 |title=Lake Tanganyika and its Diverse Cichlids. |url=http://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/lake_tanganyika_diverse.php |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=www.cichlid-forum.com |publisher=Cichlid-Forum}}</ref> Kusan dukkanin (98%) na cichlids na Tanganyika suna cikin tafkin kuma saboda haka muhimmiyar hanya ce ta halittu don nazarin jinsin juyin halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Takahashi |first=T. |last2=Hori |first2=M. |year=2012 |title=Genetic and Morphological Evidence Implies Existence of Two Sympatric Species in ''Cyathopharynx furcifer'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika |journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology |volume=2012 |doi=10.1155/2012/980879 |pmc=3363988 |pmid=22675655 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kornfield |first=Irv |last2=Smith |first2=Peter F. |year=2000 |title=African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology |journal=[[Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics]] |volume=31 |pages=163–196 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163}}</ref> ==Manazarta== jjhz7fkqlbnxk8zpykmnz7xfqm91ooq 0 159026 888106 862650 2026-07-27T15:07:43Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Aulonocranus dewindti''''' wani nau'in cichlid ne wanda ke cikin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] da wasu koguna waɗanda ke gudana cikinta. == Bayyanawa == ''Aulonocranus dewindti'' yana da siffar jiki wanda yake da matsakaici kuma an matsa shi, tare da tsawon jiki kusan sau uku tsayinsa. Flap na ventral suna da dogon filamentous, kashin farko wanda ya kai ga anal fin manya maza. Kayan caudal fin yana da siffar karami. Akwai ma'auni 33-36 tare da layin da ya fi tsayi na jiki. Akwai tsarin ƙwayoyin ji a yankin kai kuma akwai layi biyu na gefe. Ƙananan ƙashin pharyngeal yana da siffar triangular kuma yana da hakora masu kyau, baki yana da ɗan ƙarami mai ɗanɗano. Hanci a cikin jaw ƙananan ne kuma an shirya su a cikin layuka 2-3 a kowane jaw. Jikin yana da launin azurfa a launi kuma maza suna da alamar rawaya mai tsayi. jimlar tsawon ita ce santimita 12 (4.7 in). <ref name="Andersen">{{Cite web |last=Thomas Andersen |year=2007 |title=Tribe Ectodini Synopsis of ''Aulonocranus'' Regan, 1920 |url=https://www.cichlidae.com/section.php?id=188 |access-date=24 November 2018 |publisher=The Cichlid Room Companion}}</ref> == Rarraba == ''Aulonocranus dewindti'' yana da iyaka a [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] inda yake ko'ina a cikin tafkin kuma ana samunsa a cikin kogin [[Kogin Ruzizi|Ruzizi]] da [[Kogin Lukuga|Lukuga]] waɗanda ke shiga cikin tafkin. Yana faruwa a Burundi, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Tanzania da Zambia. == Muhali da ilmin halitta == ''Aulonocranus dewindti'' mai shayarwa ne, mace tana shayar da ƙwai kuma tana dafa shi har zuwa 1.63 centimeters (0.64 in) a bakinta. Yana ciyar da plankton a kan yashi kuma yana iya faruwa a manyan makarantu. == Tarihi da suna == Wannan nau'in a halin yanzu shine kawai sanannen memba na jinsin. sunan gama gari shine sunan fili na Girkanci ''αυλός'' (''aulos'') ma'anar "pipe" da Κρανος (''Kiranos'') ma'ana "helmet" yana nuni da manyan hanyoyin ji a cikin wannan nau'in. takamaiman suna yana girmama masanin ilimin ƙasa na [[Beljik|Belgian]] [[Jean Charles Louis De Windt]] (1876-1898), wanda ya nitse ba zato ba tsammani a Tafkin Tanganyika yana da shekaru 22.<ref name="ETYFish">{{Cite web |last=Christopher Scharpf |last2=Kenneth J. Lazara |name-list-style=amp |date=22 July 2018 |title=Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily PSEUDOCRENILABRINAE (a-g) |url=http://www.etyfish.org/cichlidae2/ |access-date=24 November 2018 |website=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref><ref name="mindat">{{Cite web |title=Dewindtite |url=https://www.mindat.org/min-1273.html |access-date=24 November 2018 |publisher=Mindat}}</ref> == Manazarta == 4uf85p9ndusf3bkqm4u5gybbluqdq5l 0 159027 888113 862653 2026-07-27T15:28:44Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Bathybagrus stappersii''''' wani nau'in [[kifi]] ne wanda ke cikin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a kan iyakar [[Burundi]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], da [[Zambiya|Zambia]] . Yana girma zuwa tsawon 45.0 cm (17.7 inci) SL kuma wani bangare ne na kifi na gida.&nbsp; == Manazarta == nv0fspqyd21op1ptoy5wiaietn73k0y 0 159028 888135 862656 2026-07-27T16:06:19Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Bathybagrus tetranema''''' wani nau'in kifi ne na claroteid wanda ke cikin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] inda aka samo shi ne kawai a cikin ruwa a cikin iyakokin [[Zambiya|Zambia]]. Yana girma zuwa tsawon 17.0 cm (6.7 inci) SL.&nbsp; == Manazarta == 6gltlu9c9s2905gz5m2kqhs15a0nrzx 0 159033 888187 862668 2026-07-27T16:24:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 888187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Nipple pigmentation ko areola pigmentation shine pigmentation (duhu) na nipple ko areola. Ana haifar da shi ne bisa ga maganin a matsayin tasirin estrogen kuma yana iya faruwa a lokacin daukar ciki da shayarwa ko kuma a matsayin sakamako na maganin estrogen mai yawa. == Hyperkeratosis na Nipple da Areola == Hyperkeratosis wani yanayi ne wanda akwai ci gaba da kauri da kuma pigmentation na nipple, areola ko duka biyun. Yanayin fata ne mai ban mamaki, tare da rahoton kamuwa da cutar 150 kawai har zuwa yau. Yana iya faruwa a cikin maza da mata. Koyaya, an bayar da rahoton kashi 80% na shari'o'in a cikin mata da farko a cikin Shekaru goma na uku na rayuwa. Tunda cututtukan fata galibi ba su da alamomi wanda ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya rage yawan mutanen da aka ruwaito fiye da ainihin yaduwar. Ilimin cututtukan yanayin ba a bayyane yake ba. A cikin mata, yawanci yana faruwa bayan balaga, yana kara muni yayin daukar ciki kuma yana raguwa bayan haihuwa. An bayar da rahoton wasu lokuta a cikin mutanen da suka yi maganin estrogen. Kodayake, yanayi ne mai kyau, yana da alaƙa da damuwa game da kayan kwalliya kuma yana iya haifar da matsaloli yayin shayarwa. Hyperkeratosis na iya kasancewa har abada, idan an bar shi ba tare da magani ba. Magani ya kunshi hanyoyin tiyata ko magunguna na yau da kullun.<ref>Riley, Christopher A.; Badri, Talel; Hafsi, Wissem (2022), "Hyperkeratosis Of The Nipple And Areola", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, <nowiki>PMID 29083675</nowiki>, retrieved 2023-03-04</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2eh8yt9w4fudqg9eg3ynz7tp64r38kr 888188 888187 2026-07-27T16:25:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 888188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nipple pigmentation''' ko areola pigmentation shine pigmentation (duhu) na nipple ko areola. Ana haifar da shi ne bisa ga maganin a matsayin tasirin estrogen kuma yana iya faruwa a lokacin daukar ciki da shayarwa ko kuma a matsayin sakamako na maganin estrogen mai yawa. == Hyperkeratosis na Nipple da Areola == Hyperkeratosis wani yanayi ne wanda akwai ci gaba da kauri da kuma pigmentation na nipple, areola ko duka biyun. Yanayin fata ne mai ban mamaki, tare da rahoton kamuwa da cutar 150 kawai har zuwa yau. Yana iya faruwa a cikin maza da mata. Koyaya, an bayar da rahoton kashi 80% na shari'o'in a cikin mata da farko a cikin Shekaru goma na uku na rayuwa. Tunda cututtukan fata galibi ba su da alamomi wanda ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya rage yawan mutanen da aka ruwaito fiye da ainihin yaduwar. Ilimin cututtukan yanayin ba a bayyane yake ba. A cikin mata, yawanci yana faruwa bayan balaga, yana kara muni yayin daukar ciki kuma yana raguwa bayan haihuwa. An bayar da rahoton wasu lokuta a cikin mutanen da suka yi maganin estrogen. Kodayake, yanayi ne mai kyau, yana da alaƙa da damuwa game da kayan kwalliya kuma yana iya haifar da matsaloli yayin shayarwa. Hyperkeratosis na iya kasancewa har abada, idan an bar shi ba tare da magani ba. Magani ya kunshi hanyoyin tiyata ko magunguna na yau da kullun.<ref>Riley, Christopher A.; Badri, Talel; Hafsi, Wissem (2022), "Hyperkeratosis Of The Nipple And Areola", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, <nowiki>PMID 29083675</nowiki>, retrieved 2023-03-04</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g6jyc60rdh18i36azjy1n0a9vmdqev8 888189 888188 2026-07-27T16:25:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 888189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nipple pigmentation''' ko '''areola pigmentation''' shine pigmentation (duhu) na nipple ko areola. Ana haifar da shi ne bisa ga maganin a matsayin tasirin estrogen kuma yana iya faruwa a lokacin daukar ciki da shayarwa ko kuma a matsayin sakamako na maganin estrogen mai yawa. == Hyperkeratosis na Nipple da Areola == Hyperkeratosis wani yanayi ne wanda akwai ci gaba da kauri da kuma pigmentation na nipple, areola ko duka biyun. Yanayin fata ne mai ban mamaki, tare da rahoton kamuwa da cutar 150 kawai har zuwa yau. Yana iya faruwa a cikin maza da mata. Koyaya, an bayar da rahoton kashi 80% na shari'o'in a cikin mata da farko a cikin Shekaru goma na uku na rayuwa. Tunda cututtukan fata galibi ba su da alamomi wanda ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya rage yawan mutanen da aka ruwaito fiye da ainihin yaduwar. Ilimin cututtukan yanayin ba a bayyane yake ba. A cikin mata, yawanci yana faruwa bayan balaga, yana kara muni yayin daukar ciki kuma yana raguwa bayan haihuwa. An bayar da rahoton wasu lokuta a cikin mutanen da suka yi maganin estrogen. Kodayake, yanayi ne mai kyau, yana da alaƙa da damuwa game da kayan kwalliya kuma yana iya haifar da matsaloli yayin shayarwa. Hyperkeratosis na iya kasancewa har abada, idan an bar shi ba tare da magani ba. Magani ya kunshi hanyoyin tiyata ko magunguna na yau da kullun.<ref>Riley, Christopher A.; Badri, Talel; Hafsi, Wissem (2022), "Hyperkeratosis Of The Nipple And Areola", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, <nowiki>PMID 29083675</nowiki>, retrieved 2023-03-04</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 59q6pyp8lukenj11s0dvyvker3hjpkj 888190 888189 2026-07-27T16:26:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 888190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nipple pigmentation''' ko '''areola pigmentation''' shine pigmentation (duhu) na nipple ko areola. Ana haifar da shi ne bisa ga maganin a matsayin tasirin estrogen kuma yana iya faruwa a lokacin daukar ciki da shayarwa ko kuma a matsayin sakamako na maganin estrogen mai yawa. == Hyperkeratosis na Nipple da Areola == Hyperkeratosis wani yanayi ne wanda akwai ci gaba da kauri da kuma pigmentation na nipple, areola ko duka biyun. Yanayin fata ne mai ban mamaki, tare da rahoton kamuwa da cutar 150 kawai har zuwa yau. Yana iya faruwa a cikin maza da mata. Koyaya, an bayar da rahoton kashi 80% na shari'o'in a cikin mata da farko a cikin Shekaru goma na uku na rayuwa. Tunda cututtukan fata galibi ba su da alamomi wanda ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta gaggawa mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya rage yawan mutanen da aka ruwaito fiye da ainihin yaduwar. Ilimin cututtukan yanayin ba a bayyane yake ba. A cikin mata, yawanci yana faruwa bayan balaga, yana kara muni yayin daukar ciki kuma yana raguwa bayan haihuwa. An bayar da rahoton wasu lokuta a cikin mutanen da suka yi maganin estrogen. Kodayake, yanayi ne mai kyau, yana da alaƙa da damuwa game da kayan kwalliya kuma yana iya haifar da matsaloli yayin shayarwa. Hyperkeratosis na iya kasancewa har abada, idan an bar shi ba tare da magani ba. Magani ya kunshi hanyoyin tiyata ko magunguna na yau da kullun.<ref>Riley, Christopher A.; Badri, Talel; Hafsi, Wissem (2022), "Hyperkeratosis Of The Nipple And Areola", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, <nowiki>PMID 29083675</nowiki>, retrieved 2023-03-04</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nzrhe9n21q2jal09hey4oyf1wjoiqd7 0 159036 888140 862672 2026-07-27T16:09:40Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Cyprichromis microlepidotus''''' wani nau'in kifi ne na [[Afirka]] a cikin dangin Cichlidae . Yana da iyaka ga [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], inda ake samunsa a arewacin tafkin a Tanzania, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, da Burundi. == Manazarta == syv8i11r5njzfi42omdegrcowm5o7zt 0 159042 888146 862686 2026-07-27T16:11:57Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fourspine [[Fish measurement|TL]]="Cichlid">cichlid ('''''Neolamprologus tetracanthus''''') nau'in cichlid ne wanda [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] inda yake zaune a yankunan da ke da yashi. Baya ga cin abinci a kan wasu kifaye da kwari, wannan nau'in ya ƙware don shan molluscs daga kwarangwal. Wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa tsawon 20 centimeters (7.9 in) TL. Hakanan ana iya samun wannan nau'in a cikin kasuwancin [[Aquarium|akwatin kifaye]]. == Manazarta == 493afp70ib2lljl8srwcwcfo0c5xrts 0 159048 888155 862697 2026-07-27T16:13:52Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Golden Julie''' (Julidochromis ornatus) wani nau'in cichlid ne wanda ke cikin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]], ana samunsa ne kawai a iyakar arewa da kudancin tafkin a cikin yanayin dutse. Sunan jinsin, ornatus, Latin ne don "ornate" ko "decorated," wanda ke nufin zinariya, bayyanar kifi. == Bayani game da nau'ikan == Matsakaicin girman yana da kimanin 4 cm-10 cm ga manya. Yaran suna da fararen dorsal fin, yayin da manya suna da rawaya dorsal flap, wani lokaci tare da baƙar fata a kan matakai. Wadannan kifaye suna da cakuda rawaya da fari a jiki. A cikin manya, baƙar fata tana nan a gindin ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa kuma akwai baƙar fata guda uku a gefen da fuskar kifi.&nbsp;&nbsp; Irin wannan nau'in zuwa Golden Julie (Julidochromis ornatus) shine Golden mbuna (''[[Melanochromis auratus]]''). <ref name="Santos">{{Cite journal |last=Santos |first=M. Emília |last2=Lopes |first2=João F. |last3=Kratochwil |first3=Claudius F. |date=January 5, 2023 |title=East African cichlid fishes |journal=EvoDevo |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s13227-022-00205-5 |issn=2041-9139 |pmc=9814215 |pmid=36604760 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Don rarrabe tsakanin waɗannan nau'o'in, ''Melanochromis auratus'' yana da alamun baki a kan ƙirjinsu da ƙuƙwalwar su. Maimakon baƙar fata guda ɗaya a kan caudal fin, akwai ƙananan spots da yawa a saman ɓangaren caudal fin a cikin ''M. auratus''. == Rarraba == Golden Julie 'yar asalin Lake Tanganyika ce, wacce ke Gabashin Afirka kuma ta ƙunshi kimanin nau'ikan kifi 250 daban-daban. An yi imanin cewa wannan babban bambancin nau'in cichlid ya samo asali ne daga kakanninmu na yau da kullun lokacin da aka kafa tafkin kimanin shekaru miliyan 9-12 da suka gabata.<ref name="Takahashi2011">{{Cite journal |last=Takahashi |first=Tetsumi |last2=Koblmüller |first2=Stephan |date=May 10, 2011 |title=The Adaptive Radiation of Cichlid Fish in Lake Tanganyika: A Morphological Perspective |journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology |language=en |volume=2011 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.4061/2011/620754 |issn=2090-052X |pmc=3119568 |pmid=21716857 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan kakanninmu na yau da kullun sun sami saurin juyin halitta ta hanyar jinsin da radiation mai daidaitawa don takamaiman wuraren zama, abinci, da sauran albarkatu, wanda ke haifar da wannan nau'in nau'in cichlid iri-iri a Tafkin Tanganyika. ==Manazarta== 8eaigltr6abjd9wgskxl6n5zbnoyuuj 0 159049 888162 862698 2026-07-27T16:15:44Z DaSupremo 9834 Added databox 888162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Grammatotria lemairii''''' wani nau'in [[Fish measurement|TL]]="Cichlid">cichlid ne wanda [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a [[Gabashin Afirka]] inda ya fi son wuraren da ke da yashi. Wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa tsawon 26 centimeters (10 in) TL. A halin yanzu ita ce kawai sanannen memba na jinsin. Ana kiyaye nau'in a wasu lokuta a matsayin kifi na [[Aquarium|akwatin kifaye]]. takamaiman suna yana girmama Lieutenant [[:nl:Charles Lemaire|Charles Lemaire]] (1863-1925) wanda ya kasance shugaban Congo Free State Expedition, wanda ya tattara samfurori na kifi a Tafkin Tanganyika, gami da nau'in ''G. lemairii'' . == Manazarta == 8e5avyvd7xmawqshqd158a81krqhpur 0 159053 888180 862706 2026-07-27T16:22:01Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Julidochromis dickfeldi''''' wani nau'in [[Fish measurement|TL]]="Cichlid">cichlid ne wanda [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a Afirka inda aka sani kawai daga yankin kudu maso yamma. Wannan nau'in yana zaune a yankunan da ke da dutse / rushewa, kowane kifi yana kula da yankin da ke kusa da rami ko tsagewa. Wannan nau'in ya kai tsawon 11 centimeters (4.3 in) TL. == Magana == takamaiman suna yana girmama mai kula da kifi na Jamus Alf Dickfeld wanda ya ba da shawarar balaguron da aka tattara nau'in.<ref name="ETYFish">{{Cite web |last=Scharpf |first=Christopher |last2=Lazara |first2=Kenneth J. |name-list-style=amp |date=4 December 2018 |title=Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily PSEUDOCRENILABRINAE (h-k) |url=http://www.etyfish.org/cichlidae3/ |access-date=27 January 2019 |website=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |publisher=Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == afutrgufy7tvqmgzj4eqm10s3hzpqsq 0 159057 888201 862715 2026-07-27T16:34:33Z DaSupremo 9834 Fixed typo 888201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kibonde''' ko salmontail catfish, ''Chrysichthys brachynema'', Kifi ne na Lake Tanganyikan na dangin Claroteidae, a wasu lokuta ana kiyaye shi a cikin akwatunan kifaye. Ana iya lissafa wannan kifi a matsayin ''Amarginops brachynema'' . Wannan kifi na iya kaiwa har zuwa {{Convert|77|cm|0}} cm (30 in). Yana zaune a yankunan bakin tekun kuma yana cin abinci galibi a kan crabs. == A cikin akwatin kifaye == Wannan kifi yana da zaman lafiya kuma yana da kuzari sosai. Zai ci ƙananan kifi yayin da yake girma. Ku ciyar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ƙananan ƙwayoyi. Yi amfani da ƙananan dutse. Kada ku yi amfani da dutse mai kaifi. Ba a buƙatar wuraren ɓoyewa saboda wannan kifi yawanci yana yin iyo sama da ƙasa a cikin gilashin har sai lokacin ciyarwa. Ya kamata a yi hankali yayin da ake sarrafawa yayin da aka rufe ƙashin dorsal da pectoral a cikin mucus wanda zai fusata fata. Zai iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai laushi ko ruwan gishiri. Ya kamata a ajiye zafin ruwa tsakanin 21-30 ° C (70-86 ° F). Yana jure pH 6.5-7.8. == Manazarta == 6kascgs90h3scpiozxa1cpgv3bgx2nz 0 159059 888208 862720 2026-07-27T16:36:40Z DaSupremo 9834 Removed italics 888208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Labeo'' kibimbi''' kifi ne a cikin jinsin Labeo daga saman [[Kogin Lualaba|Lualaba]] da [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . == Manazarta == rv1538gj9p2fkbvubq5ix5t4qqk5uxp 0 159060 888214 862722 2026-07-27T16:37:37Z DaSupremo 9834 Removed italics 888214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Labeobarbus'' platyrhinus''' wani nau'in kifi ne mai laushi a cikin jinsin Labeobar bus wanda ke cikin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] da tafkin ruwa. == Manazarta == p3862qf44bv12rqf9fkr2n49ozee4y8 0 159063 888220 862733 2026-07-27T16:39:58Z DaSupremo 9834 Removed bold and italics 888220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lake Tanganyika sardine''' ('''''Limnothrissa''''' '''''miodon)''''' wani nau'in kifi ne na ruwa mai laushi a cikin dangin Dorosomatidae wanda ya kasance a cikin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] amma wanda yanzu aka gabatar da shi ga wasu tabkuna a Afirka a matsayin tushen abinci.<ref name="fishbase">{{Cite web |title=''Limnothrissa miodon'' (Boulenger, 1906) Lake Tanganyika sardine |url=http://fishbase.org/summary/1550 |access-date=20 August 2016 |publisher=fishbase.org}}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin nau'o'i biyu a cikin jinsin Limnothrissa, ɗayan kuma shine Lake Mweru endemic, [[Limnothrissa strappersi|L. strappersi]] . Wannan nau'in da tafkin Tanganyika sun san gaba ɗaya a matsayin [[kapenta]]. == Rarraba == Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna cewa tafkin Tanganyika sardine ya kasance a cikin tafkin Tanganica wanda ya kai ga ƙananan [[Kogin Malagarasi]]. An gabatar da shi zuwa [[Tafkin kivu|Tafkin Kivu]] a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] a 1959 da kuma [[Tafkin Kariba]] da aka yi da mutum a kwarin [[Kogin Zambezi|Zambezi]] tsakanin [[Zambiya|Zambia]] da [[Zimbabwe]], kuma kwanan nan a cikin madatsar ruwan Itezhi-Tezhi a Zambia. Ya mallaki tafkin [[Cahora Bassa]] a [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] daga Tafkin Kariba - kifin sun tsira daga wucewa ta hanyar turbines na lantarki a cikin madatsar ruwan Kariba kuma sun yi hanyarsu ta sauka, suna mallaki Cahora Bass.<ref name="Chifamba" /> == Bayyanawa == Kayan kwalliya na al'ada, wannan karamin kifi ne na azurfa tare da layin da ya fi haske a gefen, hanci mai faɗi tare da bangarorin da ke raguwa. Yana da babban tafkin ruwa wanda ke ba shi damar tafiya mai nisa a tsaye ginshiƙi na ruwa.<ref name="fishbase" /> Matsakaicin tsawon shine 17 centimeters (6.7 in), amma yawancin samfurori suna da kimanin 10 centimeters (3.9 in) tsawo kuma ana zaton suna da balaga na jima'i a 6.8 centimeters (2.7 in). <ref name="fishbase" /> == Ilimin halittu == Tafkin Tanganyika sardines suna fuskantar ƙaura a tsaye, suna ciyar da rana a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, suna tashi zuwa farfajiyar da asuba da faɗuwar yayin da suke ciyar da ragowar dare a ko'ina cikin ruwan teku, kodayake a Tafkin Kivu kifi yana motsawa zuwa farfajiya a farkon safiya da ƙarshen rana. An yi tunanin cewa waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna bin waɗanda ke cikin tushen abinci, zooplankton amma a Tafkin Kariba ba su yi ba. Da alama kifi da plankton suna amsawa ga irin wannan motsawa ma'ana cewa suna faruwa a wurare iri ɗaya a lokuta iri ɗaya. Ɗaya daga cikin ka'idar ita ce wannan na iya zama martani ga ƙarfin haske kuma ya zama kariya daga masu cin nama, kama da wanda aka ruwaito a cikin clupeids na ruwa. ==manazarta== c99fo80wxnaptcn76idug2p1m7w9dpr 0 159065 888225 862737 2026-07-27T16:41:35Z DaSupremo 9834 Removed bold and italics 888225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tafkin Tanganyika ('''''Stolothrissa''''' '''''tanganicae)''''' nau'in [[kifi]] ne a cikin dangin Dorosomatidae . Yana da nau'i ɗaya a cikin jinsin Stolothrissa . Ana samunsa a [[Burundi]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], da [[Zambiya|Zambia]]. Gidansa na halitta [[Tafki|tabkuna]] ne na ruwa mai laushi. Shi da Lake Tanganyika sardine an san su gaba ɗaya a matsayin [[kapenta]] . == Manazarta == sng37d1sk0liwqh44jug9ykorgcygu6 0 159089 888287 862856 2026-07-27T20:56:29Z DaSupremo 9834 888287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hukumar [[Port Said]]''' Port Authority ('''PSPA''') hukuma ce ta gwamnati ta Masar, wacce ke da alhakin gudanarwa, tsarawa da haɓaka wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa a kusa da Port Said a cikin Bahar Rum, a arewacin tashar [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]].<ref>PSPA, PSPA in Brief, Historical background</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Manyan tashar jiragen ruwa na Port Said sun hada da: * Port Said West Port * Port Said East Port * Tashar jiragen ruwa ta El Arish An gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta asali a Port Said a 1859, tana fadada sannu a hankali ta hanyar shekaru goma. Bayan Yaƙin Oktoba 1973 jiragen ruwa da yawa sun fara kira kuma gwamnatin Masar ta sami karuwar hukuncin kwangila da ta biya ga Kamfanonin sufuri saboda jinkirin aiki da tarwatsawa a tashar jiragen ruwa. Sakamakon haka, wurarensa sun fara lokacin fadadawa mai girma. A yau tashar jiragen ruwa ce ta duniya. Port Said East Port shine wurin sabon [[Tashar Jirgin Ruwa ta Suez]] Canal ta zamani. == Dubi kuma == * [[Sufuri a Masar|Sufuri a Misira]] == Manazarta == 2m3s7v1hkig742908i8rw996kdrqvrd 0 159097 888288 862877 2026-07-27T21:09:25Z DaSupremo 9834 Added heading 888288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Malindi''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Melinde''' a zamanin d ̄ a) wani gari ne a kan Malindi Bay a bakin [[Kogin Athi-Galana-Sabaki|Kogin Galana]], yana kwance a bakin [[Tekun Indiya]] na [[Kenya]] . Yana da kilomita 120 a arewa maso gabashin [[Mombasa]]. Yawan mutanen Malindi ya kai 119,859 a ƙidayar shekara ta 2019. Ita ce cibiyar birni mafi girma a cikin Kilifi County.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malindi Destination Guide - Kenyan Coastal Resort Town |url=https://www.kenyasafari.com/malindi-guide.html |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=www.kenyasafari.com}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Yawon shakatawa shine babban masana'antu a Malindi. Shahararrun wuraren tarihi sun haɗa da [[Vasco da gama pillar, Malinda|Ginin Vasco da Gama]], Cocin Portuguese, Gidan Ginshiƙai da Gidan Tarihin Malindi. Malindi tana aiki tare da filin jirgin sama na cikin gida da babbar hanyar tsakanin [[Mombasa]] da [[Lamu]]. Garin Watamu da ke kusa da Gedi Ruins (wanda aka fi sani da Gede) suna kudu da Malindi. Bakin [[Kogin Athi-Galana-Sabaki|Kogin Sabaki]] yana cikin arewacin Malindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-28 |title=Top Affordable Places to Visit in Malindi Kenya |url=https://www.wakenyawataliitourstravel.com/top-affordable-places-to-visit-in-malindi-kenya/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa na Watamu da Malindi sun samar da yankin da aka kiyaye a kudancin Malindi. Yankin yana nuna misalai na gargajiya na gine-ginen Swahili. Yawancin mutanen Malindi Musulmi ne. Malindi gida ce ga Filin jirgin saman Malindi da Cibiyar sararin samaniya ta Broglio (''San Marco Equatorial Range'' na baya). == Tarihi == Malindi ya ci gaba a matsayin wani ɓangare na wayewar [[Mutanen Swahili|Swahili]] mai tasowa a ƙarni na 5 zuwa 10. Manoma masu magana da [[Yaren Bantu|Bantu]] sun koma yankin, inda suka narkar da baƙin ƙarfe, suka gina katako da gidaje masu laushi da ganyen dabino, suna magana da yaren [[Harshen Swahili|kiSwahili]], kuma suna shiga cikin yanki da kuma wani lokacin kasuwanci mai nisa. Fitowar hanyoyin cinikayya na Tekun Indiya a ƙarshen karni na farko ya haifar da manyan ƙauyuka, karuwar cinikayya mai nisa, da kuma rikitarwa ta zamantakewa. Da farko a karni na 11, Swahili a bakin tekun suna aiki a matsayin matsakanci ga 'yan kasuwa na Somaliya, Masar, [[Nubians (ƙabila)|Nubian]], [[Larabawa]], Farisa, da Indiya. Sun fara gina garuruwa masu ganuwa, gidajen murjani, da kuma fitattun mutane da suka tuba zuwa Islama, sau da yawa suna magana da Larabci. Da alama an kafa Masarautar Malindi ne a kusan karni na 9 AD kuma ta yi ƙarfi a ƙarni biyu kafin Vasco da Gama ya kawo mulkin mallaka na [[Portugal]] a yankin, wanda hakan ya haifar da raguwar wayewar. Birnin Malindi, wanda aka kafa a kusan shekara ta 850 AD, yana cikin wani wuri mafi arewa fiye da birnin na zamani, kuma da alama an lalata shi a kusan shekara ta 1000 AD. Akwai ƙananan alamun zama a ƙarni biyu masu zuwa, sannan murmurewa da wadata a cikin shekarun 1200. == Yanayi == Malindi tana da Yanayin zafi mai bushe (Köppen climate classification As).{{Weather box}} == Gudanar da Ƙasa == Malindi yanzu ya fada karkashin Kilifi County kamar yadda sauye-sauyen gudanarwa a cikin sabon kundin tsarin mulki da aka zartar a watan Agusta 2010. Malindi ya kafa majalisa tare da unguwanni goma sha uku masu zuwa: Barani, Ganda / Mkaumoto, Gede, Gede North, Gede South, Kijiwetanga, Madunguni, Malimo, Malindi Central, Malindi North, Maweni, Shella, da Watamu Town. Dukansu suna cikin mazabar Malindi. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:House_of_Columns_Malindi.jpg|The front of the "House of Columns" Fayil:Robinson_Island_Kenya.jpg|Near Robinson Island north of Malindi Fayil:Sun_rise_Malindi.jpg|Sunrise over the Indian Ocean at Malindi Fayil:Colours_of_the_sea.jpg|Beach close to Malindi Fayil:Malindi.jpg|Boats at sunset in Malindi </gallery> == Manazarta == dy6w31or8l2zldcbx6hqflq48h2gvaj 0 159111 888344 863090 2026-07-28T00:37:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maki na haɗarin fatarar kuɗi'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy_risk_score</ref> Maki na haɗarin fatarar kuɗi lamba ce da ke nuna yiwuwar mutum ya shigar da ƙarar fatarar kuɗi. Duk da cewa an yi amfani da shi sama da shekaru ashirin don tantance haɗari yayin ba da rance, masu amfani kaɗan ne suka sani game da shi. Yana da alaƙa da sanannen maki na bashi, amma ba kamar maki na bashi ba, ba a sayar da maki na haɗarin fatarar kuɗi ga masu amfani ta kowace hukumar ba da rance. Sakamakon haka, mutane ba su da wata hanyar sanin menene maki na haɗarin fatarar kuɗi ko yadda za su inganta su. Bugu da ƙari, tunda babu ma'aunin ma'auni na daidaito, masu amfani galibi suna fuskantar matsala wajen daidaita maki nasu a kan ma'aunin daidaito, maimakon haka suna karɓar bayanai na gabaɗaya kawai daga hukuma ɗaya.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070819082522/http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/Banking/Yourcreditrating/P137322.asp</ref><ref>http://www.boostcredit101.com/News/Post/bankruptcy-risk-score</ref> Ana kuma kiran wannan azaman bincike na bashi wanda ke ba masu ba da lamuni damar tantance haɗarin abokin ciniki wajen karɓar lamuni. Mutum na iya inganta makinsu ta hanyar biyan kuɗi akan lokaci, rage ma'auni, da samun 'yan asusu masu juyawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.equifax.com/business/bankruptcy-navigator-index |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-21 |archive-date=2021-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927201425/https://www.equifax.com/business/bankruptcy-navigator-index/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Equifax, wani kamfanin bayar da bashi na Amurka, yana bayar da maki na haɗarin fatarar kuɗi da ake kira Bankruptcy Navigator Index ga abokan cinikinsa na kasuwanci.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180322081431/https://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/bankruptcy-risk-score-1270.php</ref> BNI 4.0 tana ɗaukar ma'aunin bashin abokin ciniki idan aka kwatanta da iyakokin bashi a matsayin abin da ya fi nauyi. Yana da kewayon maki daga 1 (ƙasa) kuma yana ƙarewa a 600 (babba) tare da ƙananan maki waɗanda ke zama babban haɗarin shigar da ƙarar fatarar kuɗi cikin shekaru 2 masu zuwa. Yawancin masu bayar da katin bashi ba sa bayyana amfani da BNI a kan wasiƙar ƙin yarda kuma yana da wuya ga masu amfani su san makin su.<ref>https://assets.equifax.com/assets/usis/efx-00164-9-13_efx_bni.pdf</ref> == Manazarta == r9jfyfbu747ig70jy7v0n9xn65s8pea 0 159156 888382 863448 2026-07-28T09:17:44Z DaSupremo 9834 888382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Puffadder shyshark''' ( '''''Haploblepharus edwardsii''''' ), wanda aka fi sani da '''Happy Eddie''', nau'in shark ne na dangin Pentanchidae, wato manyan kifayen ruwa. Wannan nau'in yana da alaƙa da ruwan da ke da yanayin zafi a bakin tekun [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Ana samun wannan kifin shark a ko kusa da ƙasa a cikin wuraren zama na yashi ko duwatsu, daga yankin da ke tsakanin teku zuwa zurfin {{Convert|130|m|ft}} . Yawanci yana kaiwa {{Convert|60|cm|in}} tsawonsa, puffadder shyshark yana da jiki da kai siriri, mai faɗi. An yi masa zane mai ban mamaki da jerin "sirdi" masu duhu masu haske da launin orange da ƙananan tabo fari da yawa a bayansa. [[Natal shyshark]] ( ''H. kistnasamyi'' ), wanda aka bayyana a hukumance a shekarar 2006, an taɓa ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani nau'i na puffadder shyshark. Idan aka yi barazana, puffadder shyshark (da sauran membobin wannan nau'in) yana lanƙwasawa cikin da'ira tare da wutsiyarsa da ke rufe idanunsa, wanda hakan ya haifar da sunayen gida "shyshark" da "donut". Mafarauci ne wanda ke cin abinci galibi a kan crustaceans, polychaete tsutsotsi, da ƙananan kifayen ƙashi . Wannan kifin shark yana da ƙaiƙayi kuma mata suna saka ƙwayoyin ƙwai ɗaya ko biyu a kan gine-ginen ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ba tare da cutar da mutane ba, galibi masunta na kasuwanci da na nishaɗi galibi ana jefar da shi a cikin puffadder shyshark saboda ƙaramin girmansa. Ƙungiyar Kare Yanayi ta Duniya (IUCN) ta kimanta shi a matsayin mai haɗari, saboda dukkan al'ummarsa suna cikin yanki mai iyaka kuma karuwar matsin lamba na kamun kifi ko [[Rashin mazaunin|lalacewar muhalli]] na iya shafar shi. == Tsarin Halitta da Tsarin Halitta == [[Fayil:The_Greater_Cat-Fish.jpg|left|thumb|George Edwards ya zana puffadder shyshark daga ''Gleanings of Natural History'' (1760).]] An fara ambaton sunan puffadder shyshark a cikin adabi ta shahararren masanin kimiyyar halittu ɗan Ingila George Edwards a shekarar 1760, mai suna ''Catulus major vulgaris'', <ref>{{Cite book|last3=George Edwards (naturalist)}}</ref> na mutane uku da aka kama a [[Cape of Good Hope]] waɗanda tun daga lokacin suka ɓace. A shekarar 1817, masanin kimiyyar dabbobi ɗan Faransa Georges Cuvier ya bayyana wannan nau'in a matsayin "Scyllium D'Edwards", bisa ga labarin Edwards, kodayake ba a ɗauke shi a matsayin ainihin [[Nomenclature na binomial|sunan kimiyya]] ba. A shekarar 1832, masanin kimiyyar dabbobi ɗan Jamus Friedrich Siegmund Voigt ya fassara bayanin Cuvier da sunan ''Scyllium edwardsii'', don haka ya sami suna ga nau'in. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2001 MJP van Oijen ya gano cewa masanin kimiyyar halitta ɗan Switzerland Heinrich Rudolf Schinz ya bayar da fassarar rubutun Cuvier da sunan kimiyya mai kyau a shekarar 1822, kuma daga baya Hukumar Kula da Sunayen Dabbobi ta Duniya (ICZN) ta yanke shawara cewa an danganta wannan nau'in da Schinz. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Heinrich Rudolf Schinz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature |year=2003 |title=Opinion 2056 (Case 3186). ''Squalus edwardsii'' (currently ''Haploblepharus edwardsii''; Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes): attributed to Schinz, 1822 and ''edwardsii'' conserved as the correct original spelling of the specific name |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34358000 |journal=Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature |volume=60 |issue=3 |page=250}}</ref> <ref name="human">{{Cite journal |last=Human, B.A. |year=2007 |title=A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus ''Haploblepharus'' Garman 1913 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) |journal=Zootaxa |volume=1451 |pages=1–40 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1451.1.1}}</ref> A shekarar 1913, masanin dabbobi na Amurka Samuel Garman ya ƙirƙiri sabon nau'in ''Haploblepharus'' don wannan da sauran nau'in shyshark. An taɓa gane nau'ikan puffadder shyshark guda biyu: "Cape" da "Natal", waɗanda suka bambanta a cikin bayyanar da fifikon mazauninsu. A shekara ta 2006, an bayyana siffar "Natal" a matsayin sabon nau'in, [[Natal shyshark]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Human, B.A. |last2=Compagno, L.J.V. |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |title=Description of ''Haploblepharus kistnasamyi'', a new catshark (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) from South Africa |journal=Zootaxa |volume=1318 |pages=41–58 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1318.1.2}}</ref> Wani bincike na phylogenetic na 2006, wanda ya dogara da kwayoyin halittar DNA guda uku na mitochondrial, ya gano cewa puffadder shyshark shine mafi asalin danginsa, tare da alaƙar 'yar'uwa da clade wanda ke ɗauke da duhun shyshark ( ''H. pictus'' ) da launin ruwan kasa shyshark ( ''H. fuscus'' ). Ba a haɗa Natal shyshark a cikin binciken ba, kodayake yana da kusanci sosai da wannan nau'in a cikin siffa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Human, B.A. |last2=E.P. Owen |last3=L.J.V. Compagno |last4=E.H. Harley |name-list-style=amp |date=May 2006 |title=Testing morphologically based phylogenetic theories within the cartilaginous fishes with molecular data, with special reference to the catshark family (Chondrichthyes; Scyliorhinidae) and the interrelationships within them |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=384–391 |bibcode=2006MolPE..39..384H |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.009 |pmid=16293425}}</ref> Sunan da aka fi sani da "puffadder shyshark" yana nufin puff adder ( ''Bitis arietans'' ), wani macijin Afirka da aka yaɗu sosai tare da launi iri ɗaya. <ref name="ferrari and ferrari">{{Cite book|last1=amp}}</ref> Masana kimiyya suna amfani da "Eddie Mai Farin Ciki" (daga sunan kimiyya ''Haploblepharus edwardsii'' ) ga wannan kifin shark, kuma kwanan nan aka gabatar da shi ga jama'a a matsayin madadin kalmomin da ba a iya tunawa da su ba "shyshark" da "donut", waɗanda za a iya amfani da su ga nau'ikan halittu daban-daban kuma sun ruɗar da ƙoƙarin bincike. <ref name="human">{{Cite journal |last=Human, B.A. |year=2007 |title=A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus ''Haploblepharus'' Garman 1913 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) |journal=Zootaxa |volume=1451 |pages=1–40 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1451.1.1}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHuman,_B.A.2007">Human, B.A. (2007). </cite></ref>[[Fayil:Haploblepharus_edwardsii,_Cape_Town.jpg|alt=Two small sharks lying on white gravel|left|thumb|Puffadder shysharks suna da launi daban-daban na "sirdi" mai launin orange da ƙananan fararen tabo.]] Shyshark mai kama da puffadder ya fi siriri fiye da sauran shyshark, yana da kai mai faɗi, mai faɗi, da hanci mai zagaye. <ref name="human">{{Cite journal |last=Human, B.A. |year=2007 |title=A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus ''Haploblepharus'' Garman 1913 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) |journal=Zootaxa |volume=1451 |pages=1–40 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1451.1.1}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHuman,_B.A.2007">Human, B.A. (2007). </cite></ref> Babban idanu masu siffar oval suna da ƙananan fata masu siffar kura, wani membrane mai laushi ( fatar ido ta uku mai kariya), da kuma wani ƙaramin gefen da ke ƙasa. Hanci suna da girma sosai, tare da faffadan faffadan fata mai siffar uku a gaba waɗanda aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya suka isa bakin. Akwai wani zurfin rami da ke haɗa buɗewar kowace hanci zuwa baki, wanda aka rufe shi da faffadan hanci. Bakin yana da gajere tare da ƙaya a kusurwoyin muƙamuƙi biyu. Akwai layukan haƙori 26-30 a cikin muƙamuƙi na sama da layukan haƙori 27-33 a cikin muƙamuƙi na ƙasa. Siffar haƙori ba ta da bambanci ta jima'i : na maza sun fi tsayi kuma masu kusurwa uku, yayin da na mata sun fi guntu kuma masu kusurwa biyar. Ba kamar yadda aka saba ba, rabin muƙamuƙi biyu suna da alaƙa da wani sinadari na musamman, wanda ke ba da damar rarraba haƙora daidai kuma yana iya ƙara ƙarfin cizo. == Manazarta == ermof4cuzw84ouh2vjqzt9saca5n9we 0 159167 888383 863472 2026-07-28T09:21:38Z DaSupremo 9834 Added heading 888383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bankin Agulhas''' / / əˈɡʌləs / , daga harshen Portugal zuwa [[Cape Agulhas]], ''Cabo das Agulhas'', "Cape of Needles") <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gyory|Beal|Bischof|Mariano|2004}}</ref> wani yanki ne mai faɗi, mara zurfi na shiryayyen nahiyar [[Afirka]] ta kudu wanda ya kai har zuwa {{Convert|250|km|mi}} kudu da Cape Agulhas kafin ya faɗi cikin tsauni zuwa filin ramin . Yankin teku ne inda [[Tekun Indiya]] mai dumi da [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] mai sanyi suka haɗu. Wannan haɗuwar tana haifar da yanayi mai ban tsoro na tafiyar jiragen ruwa, wanda ya kai ga yawan jiragen ruwa da suka lalace a yankin tsawon shekaru. Duk da haka, haɗuwar tekuna a nan kuma yana ƙara yawan sinadarin gina jiki ga halittun ruwa, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wuraren kamun kifi a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . == Faɗi da halaye == [[Fayil:Bioregions_of_SA_EEZ.png|thumb|Yankunan halittu na ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu daga rarrabuwar 2004.]] [[Fayil:Ecoregions_of_SA_EEZ.png|thumb|Yankunan tattalin arzikin ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu daga rarrabuwar 2011]] Bankin Agulhas ya kai kimanin dala {{Convert|800|km}} a gefen gabar tekun Afirka, <ref name="SeaAtlas">{{Cite web |title=Sea Atlas – Agulhas Bank |url=http://www.bcre.org.za/seaatlas/index.php?p=agulhasbank.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701092148/http://www.bcre.org.za/seaatlas/index.php?p=agulhasbank.php |archive-date=1 July 2017 |access-date=12 November 2016 |publisher=Bayworld Centre For Research & Education}}</ref> daga Cape Peninsula (18°E) zuwa Port Alfred (26°E), <ref name="Blanke-etal-2009-intro">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Blanke|Penven|Roy|Chang|2009}}</ref> har zuwa {{Convert|250|km}} daga gare ta. Gaɓar ta gangara ƙasa daga bakin teku zuwa kusan {{Convert|50|m}} zurfi kuma ya kai {{Convert|200|m}} kafin ya faɗi sosai zuwa {{Convert|1000|m}} a gefen kudu. <ref name="SeaAtlas" /> Shiryayyen ya ƙunshi yanki na {{Convert|116000|km2}} tare da matsakaicin zurfin ƙasa da {{Convert|100|m}} . <ref name="Whittle-2012-intro">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Whittle|2012}}</ref> Gabaɗaya tana cikin yankin tattalin arziki na musamman na Afirka ta Kudu. Binciken Bambancin Halittu na Ƙasa na 2004 ya gano wurare 34 na halittu da ke cikin yankuna 9 na halittu (wanda huɗu daga cikinsu suna cikin teku). Binciken Bambancin Halittu na Ƙasa na 2011 ya maye gurbin waɗannan yankuna na halittu da halittu da kalmomin ecoregions da ecozones. A cikin 2011, an raba yankin Agulhas Ecoregion zuwa sassa huɗu daban-daban na halittu: Agulhas a bakin teku, shiryayyen ciki na Agulhas, shiryayyen waje na Agulhas, da gefen shiryayyen Agulhas. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sink|Holness|Harris|Majiedt|2012}}</ref> An gano nau'ikan wuraren zama benthic guda 33 a Bankin Agulhas. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sink|Holness|Harris|Majiedt|2012}}</ref> Dubban ciyayi masu dumi a bakin tekun Agulhas Ecoregion sun kasance daga {{Convert|5|-|30|m}} ƙasa da matakin teku. Yawancin duwatsu masu zurfi a ƙarƙashin ruwa suna da asalin aeolianite ko sandstone, amma akwai granite, quartzite da siltstone reefs suma. Reefs na Agulhas ba su da bambanci kuma sun haɗa da nau'ikan ƙananan nau'ikan da yawa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan reefs suna cikin wuraren kariya, amma kaɗan ne kawai aka haɗa da suka hana kamun kifi. <ref name="NBA-2011-reefs">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sink|Holness|Harris|Majiedt|2012}}</ref> == Nazarin Teku == Bankin Agulhas iyaka ce ta halitta tsakanin [[Ruwa na yanzu|kwararar ruwa]] daga [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]], [[Tekun Indiya]], da Tekun Kudancin, wanda ya haifar da wasu daga cikin ruwan da suka fi yin ruwa a cikin tekuna na duniya. <ref name="Ruijter-etal-2003-p45">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ruijter|Cunningham|Gordon|Lutjeharms|2003}}</ref> Ruwan Agulhas yana kwarara zuwa kudu tare da gabar tekun gabashin Afirka da kuma gefen kudu maso gabashin bankin. Daga nan sai ya koma cikin Tekun Indiya kudu maso yammacin bankin. Wannan juyawar yana haifar da ayyukan eddy masu tsanani kamar meanders, eddies, da filaments. <ref name="Blanke-etal-2009-intro">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Blanke|Penven|Roy|Chang|2009}}</ref> A cikin ginshiƙin ruwa na sama, sunan "Zoben Agulhas" ko "Agulhas eddies" mai suna "Agulhas rings" yana motsa ruwan dumi da gishiri zuwa cikin babban gyre na Kudancin Atlantika, a ƙarshe yana fitar da shi zuwa wurare masu zafi; yayin da a cikin ƙananan yadudduka na teku ana jigilar ruwa zuwa akasin haka. <ref name="Ruijter-etal-2003-p45">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ruijter|Cunningham|Gordon|Lutjeharms|2003}}</ref> ==== Upwellings ==== Guguwar guguwa wani tushen kwararar ruwa ne na gefen teku, musamman a yammacin Port Elisabeth. Ruwan sama mai dumi yana kwarara zuwa bakin teku tare da gefen gabashinsa, yana samar da ruwan saman da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi daga Tekun Indiya zuwa yankin. <ref name="Whittle-2012-intro">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Whittle|2012}}</ref> A lokacin rani, iskar gabas na iya haifar da kwararar ruwa daga gabar tekun kudancin Afirka ta Kudu lokaci-lokaci. <ref name="Whittle-2012-intro" /> Yankin Bankin Agulhas yana da rinjaye da iskar yamma, kuma yawancin kwararar ruwa a bakin teku yana da alaƙa da hulɗar Agulhas Current a gefen gabashinsa, amma iskar gabas tana faruwa (musamman a lokacin rani da kaka) kuma tana iya samar da ƙwayoyin hazo na gida. <ref name="Blanke-etal-2009-intro">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Blanke|Penven|Roy|Chang|2009}}</ref> Yayin da aka karkatar da kwararar ruwa daga bakin teku, hanyoyin da ke canzawa suna jawo wani yanki na ruwa mai sanyi na Ekman zuwa bakin teku daga ƙasan kwararar ruwan da ke da zafi. A lokacin bazara da bazara, a zurfin digiri {{Convert|100|m}}, wani yanki mai ɗan dindindin na ruwan sanyi yana nan a kan shiryayyen gabas da tsakiya. <ref name="Whittle-2012-intro">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Whittle|2012}}</ref> A watannin bazara, cakuda ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin wurare masu zafi da [[Thermocline|thermoclines]] suka raba daga ruwan sanyi yana samuwa, kodayake tare da bambancin yanayi mai yawa. A kan shiryayye, ruwa mai zurfi yana nuna halaye na tsakiyar Tekun Indiya a gabas, da kuma tsakiyar Tekun Atlantika a yamma. <ref name="Whittle-2012-intro">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Whittle|2012}}</ref> Yayin da kwararar ruwan Agulhas ke gudana zuwa kudu tare da gabar gabashin Afirka, sau da yawa ana karkatar da shi zuwa gaɓar teku, wanda hakan ya saba da hanyar da ake bi ta hanyar da ake amfani da ita ta yau da kullun da ake kira Agulhas Current meanders (ACM). Waɗannan ɓullar ruwan kan faru ne lokaci-lokaci (sau 1-7 a shekara) sai kuma babban ɓullar ruwan teku, wanda aka sani da Natal pulses (NP). Natal pulses suna tafiya tare da bakin teku a {{Convert|20|km}} kowace rana. ACM na iya yin girma har zuwa {{Convert|20|km}} da kuma NP har zuwa {{Convert|120|km}} daga matsakaicin matsayin wutar lantarki. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Jackson|Rainville|Roberts|McQuald|2012}}</ref> AC ta wuce {{Convert|34|km}} a ƙasashen waje da ACM na iya kaiwa {{Convert|123|km}} a waje. Idan AC ta yi motsi, faɗinta yana faɗaɗa daga {{Convert|88|km}} zuwa {{Convert|125|km}} kuma saurinsa ya ragu daga {{Convert|208|cm/s}} zuwa {{Convert|136|cm/s}} . ACM yana haifar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi a cikin teku. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Leber|Beal|2012}}</ref> Ana samar da manyan ma'aunin cyclonic daga Natal pulses yayin da Agulhas Current ya isa ga teburin nahiyar a gabashin gabar tekun Afirka ta Kudu (watau gabashin Bankin Agulhas kusa da Natal ). Yayin da waɗannan bugun ke tafiya tare da Bankin Agulhas, suna yawan matse zoben Agulhas. Irin wannan zubar zoben na iya faruwa ne ta hanyar bugun Natal kawai, amma ma'aunin da ke kan Agulhas Return Current na iya haɗuwa don taimakawa wajen samar da zoben Agulhas. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Leeuwen|Ruijter|Lutjeharms|2000}}</ref> ==== Agulhas ya fitar da ruwa da zobba ==== [[Fayil:The_Eddy_and_the_Plankton_-_NASA_Earth_Observatory.jpg|thumb|Plankton mai launin shuɗi mai haske a cikin {{Convert|150|km}} faɗin anti-cyclonic (akasin agogo) Zoben Agulhas, {{Convert|800|km}} a bakin tekun Afirka ta Kudu. Irin waɗannan raƙuman ruwa, waɗanda ke cikin manyan wurare a duniya, ana cire su daga magudanar ruwan Agulhas da ke gefen gabashin Bankin Agulhas.]] Zoben Agulhas manyan zoben da ke hana guguwa ko kuma zoben tsakiyar ruwan teku masu dumi ne waɗanda aka matse daga magudanar ruwan Agulhas a gefen gabashin Bankin Agulhas daga inda suke motsawa zuwa [[Tekun Atalanta|Kudancin Tekun Atlantika]] . Yayin da magudanar ruwan Agulhas ta isa gabar tekun gabashin Afirka ta Kudu, manyan zoben da aka sani da bugun Natal suna samuwa a tazara mara tsari. Kwanaki 165 bayan bayyanar bugun Natal, zoben Agulhas zai fito daga Durban. Zoben Agulhas suna cikin manyan duwawu a duniya kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zubar ruwan Agulhas, jigilar ruwan ɗumi daga Tekun Indiya zuwa Tekun Atlantika, wanda ke shafar yanayin duniya. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Leeuwen|Ruijter|Lutjeharms|2000}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b9cxue5u8o1f1wmdfbwhpltj8sdemml 0 159172 888236 863477 2026-07-27T17:03:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox journal|title=HIV Medicine|cover=|former_name=<!-- or |former_names= -->|abbreviation=HIV Med.|discipline=[[HIV/AIDS]]|editors=Brian Gazzard, Jens Lundgren|publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] on behalf of the [[British HIV Association]]|country=|history=1999-present|frequency=Bimonthly|openaccess=|license=|impact=3.734|impact-year=2018|ISSN=1464-2662|eISSN=1468-1293|CODEN=HMIEAB|JSTOR=|LCCN=|OCLC=884089339|website=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14681293|link1=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14681293/current|link1-name=Online access|link2=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/loi/14681293|link2-name=Online archive}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox hproduct" |+ class="infobox-title" id="7" style="font-size:125%;" |''<span class="fn">Magungunan cutar kanjamau</span>'' ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hanyar horo | class="infobox-data category" style="text-align:left;" |[[HIV/AIDS|HIV / AIDS]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |Turanci |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An shirya shi ta hanyar&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |Brian Gazzard, Jens Lundgren |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;" |Bayani game da bugawa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tarihi | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |1999-ya zuwa yanzu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mai bugawa | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[Wiley-Blackwell]] a madadin [[British HIV Association|Ƙungiyar HIV ta Burtaniya]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Matsakaicin lokaci | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |Sau biyu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; "><span class="nowrap">[[Impact factor|Matsayi na tasiri]]</span></div> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |3.734 (2018) |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;" |Abun taƙaice <span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;">[https://marcinwrochna.github.io/abbrevIso/?search=HIV_Medicine ISO 4] ([http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/ Alt]) '''&#xB7;''' Bluebook ([https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/ Alt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260624095328/https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/ |date=2026-06-24 }}) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=1464-2662%5BISSN%5D NLM] ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=HIV+Medicine%5BJournal%5D Alt]) • [https://mathscinet.ams.org/msnhtml/serials.pdf MathSciNet] ([https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/search/journals.html?journalName=1464-2662&Submit=Search Alt]) &nbsp;&#x20;<br />&nbsp;&#x20;[[File:Lock-red-alt-2.svg|link=|14x14px|Paid subscription required]]</span> <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[ISO 4 (infobox)|ISO 4]] | class="infobox-data identifier" style="text-align:left;" |''Maganin cutar kanjamau.'' |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;" |IndexingCODEN (alt · alt2) · JSTOR (alt) · LCCN (alt) MIAR · NLM (alt) • Scopus · W&L<br /><span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;">CODEN ([https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=1468-1293 Alt] '''&#xB7;''' [https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=titles&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=HIV+Medicine][https://www.jstor.org/action/showJournals?browseType=title Alt]) '''&#xB7;''' [[jstor:14642662|JSTOR]] ([https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=HIV+Medicine&argType1=all&searchCode1=KTIL&searchType=2 Alt]) '''&#xB7;''' [https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=1464-2662&argType1=all&searchCode1=KNUM&searchType=2 LCCN] ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=HIV+Medicine%5BJournal%5D Alt]) MIAR '''&#xB7;''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=1464-2662%5BISSN%5D NLM] (alt) • [https://www.scopus.com/sources?sortField=citescore&sortDirection=desc&isHiddenField=false&field=issn&issn=1464-2662 Scopus] '''&#xB7;''' [https://managementtools4.wlu.edu/LawJournals/ W&L]&nbsp;&#x20;&nbsp;&#x20;&nbsp;&#x20;<br />&nbsp;&#x20;&nbsp;&#x20;&nbsp;&#x20;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="type">[[CODEN (identifier)|Rashin lafiya]]</span> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |[https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=codens&exactMatch=y&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=HMIEAB HMIEAB] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="type">[[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]</span> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |<span class="value">[https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1464-2662 1464-2662]</span> (bugawa) [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1468-1293 1468-1293] (web) &nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="type">[[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] ba.&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |[[oclc:884089339|884089339]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;" |Haɗin kai |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;" | * <span class="url">[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14681293 Shafin farko na jarida]</span> * [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14681293/current Samun damar kan layi] * [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/loi/14681293 Tarihin kan layi] |} Magungunan HIV wata mujallar kiwon lafiya ce da ake nazari da ita a kowane wata wanda ke rufe binciken [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]]. An kafa shi a cikin 1999 kuma [[Wiley-Blackwell]] ne ya buga shi a madadin Ƙungiyar HIV ta Burtaniya, wanda ita ce mujallar hukuma. Har ila yau, ita ce mujallar hukuma ta European AIDS Clinical Society da Australasian Society for HIV Medicine . <ref>{{Cite web |title=External publications |url=https://www.eacsociety.org/external-publications.html |access-date=3 May 2015 |website=EACS}}</ref> Babban editoci sune Brian Gazzard (Chelsea da Westminster Hospital) da Jens Lundgren (Jami'ar Copenhagen). A cewar Jaridar Citation Reports, mujallar tana da tasirin tasirin 2014 na 3.988, wanda ya sanya shi na 18 daga cikin mujallu 78 a cikin rukunin "Cutar cututtuka". == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14681293}} bunseay1jnm08eedd2icinp1zxxczud 0 159199 888403 863509 2026-07-28T10:19:37Z BnHamid 12586 888403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Douglas Somerville Bertram''' (21 Disamba 1913 - 24 Oktoba 1988) ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilimin likitanci a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya da Magunguna ta London . Ya ƙware a cikin nazarin arthropod vectors da cututtukan ɗan adam, musamman zazzabin cizon sauro. ==Farkon rayuwa== An haifi Bertram a Glasgow inda ya tafi Jami'ar Glasgow inda ya sami digiri kafin ya zama mai zanga-zanga a fannin ilimin dabbobi yana aiki har zuwa 1938 tare da Farfesa Edward Hindle . A shekara ta 1938 ya zama mataimakin R. M. Gordon kuma ya ba da lacca a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tropical ta Liverpool . Ya sami Ph.D. a shekara ta 1940 kuma ya shiga cikin yakin duniya na biyu, yana aiki tare da Royal Army Medical Corps, kuma Jamusawa sun kama shi a tsibirin Crete kuma an sake shi ne kawai a ƙarshen yaƙin. Ya yi aiki a kan rat filariasis daga shekara ta 1946. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bertram |first=D.S |date=1953 |title=Laboratory studies on filariasis in the cotton-rat |url= |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |language=en |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=85–116 |doi=10.1016/0035-9203(53)90063-7 |pmid=13077705}}</ref> A shekara ta 1948 ya zama mai karatu a Makarantar Lafiya da Magungunan Tropical ta London . Ya gudanar da bincike kan sauro, yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro, da ƙwayoyin cuta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bertram |first=D.S |last2=McGregor |first2=I.A |last3=McFadzean |first3=J.A |date=1958 |title=Mosquitoes of the colony and protectorate of the Gambia |url=https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article-lookup/doi/10.1016/0035-9203(58)90035-X |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |language=en |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=135–151 |doi=10.1016/0035-9203(58)90035-X |pmid=13543903 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bertram |first=D.S. |last2=Bird |first2=R.G. |date=1961 |title=Studies on mosquito-borne viruses in their vectors |url=https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article-lookup/doi/10.1016/0035-9203(61)90085-2 |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |language=en |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=404–423 |doi=10.1016/0035-9203(61)90085-2 |pmid=13868491 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Sojojin Burtaniya kuma ya taimaka wajen bunkasa hanyoyin kariya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bertram, D. S. |last2=R. C. Page |last3=A. J. Moss-Blundell |year=1967 |title=Laboratory tests of uniform fabric impregnated with mite repellents. |journal=BMJ Military Health |volume=113 |issue=3 |pages=126–133}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bertram |first=D.S. |date=1964 |title=I. Entomological and parasitological aspects of vector chemosterilization |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |language=en |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=296–317 |doi=10.1016/0035-9203(64)90197-X |doi-access=free}}</ref> Hanyar da ya yi na tantance shekarun sauro (mace) ta hanyar ƙididdigar adadin corpora lutea a cikin ovarioles ya kasance mai tasiri a binciken zazzabin cizon sauro.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bertram |first=D. S. |last2=Samarawickrema |first2=W. A. |date=1958 |title=Age Determination for Individual Mansonioides Mosquitoes |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/182444a0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=182 |issue=4633 |pages=444–446 |bibcode=1958Natur.182..444B |doi=10.1038/182444a0 |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=13577872 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ya kuma bincika kwari na triatomine.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bertram |first=D. S. |date=1971 |title=Attraction of Triatomine Bug Vectors of Chagas's Disease to Betalights |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=231 |issue=5300 |pages=268 |bibcode=1971Natur.231..268B |doi=10.1038/231268a0 |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=4995966 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A shekara ta 1964 ya sami DSc daga Glasgow. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Busvine, J.R. |year=1989 |title=Obituary. Douglas Somerville Bertram. |journal=Antenna |volume=13 |pages=8–9}}</ref> An sanya masa suna ne bayan wani kwayar cutar microsporidian na larvae na chironomid, ''Thelohania bertrami''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gassouma |first=M. S. S. |date=1972 |title=Microsporidan parasites of Simulium ornatum Mg. in South England |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/microsporidan-parasites-of-simulium-ornatum-mg-in-south-england/DF1541DC6B89BB6F2EF257FFB18C1F2D |journal=Parasitology |language=en |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=27–45 |doi=10.1017/S0031182000044218 |issn=1469-8161 |pmid=4626454 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/41724/WHO_MONO_47_(part1).pdf WHO Monograph Series No. 47 - Hanyoyin rukuni na shekaru a cikin Diptera na muhimmancin kiwon lafiya tare da ambaton musamman ga wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da Malaria] (1962) {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1913]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qtxsc2hcsfuwhd3lw274u68c7c0imcu 0 159295 888229 874326 2026-07-27T16:45:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 888229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kenya''' (KEMRI) kamfani ne na jihar da aka kafa ta hanyar Dokar [[Kimiyya]] da Fasaha (Gwamma) ta 1979, (tun lokacin da aka gyara shi zuwa Dokar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation ta 2013), a lokacin da Nicholas Biwott ke Ministan Jiha, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=Life and times of Nicholas Kipyator Biwott |url=https://citizentv.co.ke/news/life-and-times-of-nicholas-kipyator-biwott-170361/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Citizentv.co.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> a matsayin hukumar da ke da alhakin gudanar da bincike kan kiwon lafiya a Kenya. KEMRI ita ce bangaren bincike na kiwon lafiya na Gwamnatin Kenya wanda ke ba da shawara kan fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiyar kiwon lafiya da isar da shi, gami da sa ido kan cututtukan kasa da kuma saurin amsawa ga manyan barkewar cututtuka ciki har da HIV, [[Amai da Gudawa|kwalara]], Kwayar cutar Chikungunya, mura H1N1, [[Cutar amai da gudawa|zazzabin rawaya]], zazzabin Rift Valley, [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], aflatoxicosis da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kemri HIV cure studies paused as world focuses on Covid-19 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/nyanza/2020-11-08-kemri-suspends-some-aids-research-funds-go-to-covid/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=The Star |language=en-KE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oduor |first=Augustine |title=State pumps money into Covid research |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/education/article/2001406183/state-pumps-money-into-covid-research |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> An ba da umarnin KEMRI don gudanar da bincike a cikin lafiyar ɗan adam; don yin aiki tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin bincike da cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma kan batutuwan bincike da horo masu dacewa; don yin aikin tare da wasu hukumomin bincike a ciki da waje na Kenya suna gudanar da irin wannan bincike; don yin hadin kai tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'aikatu, Majalisar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kasa (NSCT) da Kwamitin Binciken Bincike na Bincike a cikin batutuwan da suka shafi manufofi da fifiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.kemri.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118052206/http://www.kemri.org/ |archive-date=18 November 2022 |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Kemri |language=en-US}}</ref> KEMRI has grown over the last 40 years  to become a regional leader in human health research.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-25 |title=KEMRI Scientist Wins Prestigious RSTMH Award |url=https://www.kemri.org/2019/09/25/kemri-scientist-wins-prestigious-rstmh-award/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Kemri |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614222135/https://www.kemri.org/2019/09/25/kemri-scientist-wins-prestigious-rstmh-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The institute currently ranks as one of the leading centres of excellence in health research both in Africa and globally.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gathura |first=Gatonye |title=Kenya set to give world first gonorrhoea vaccine - Standard Health |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/health-science/article/2001392319/kenya-set-to-give-world-first-gonorrhoea-vaccine |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=pm |first=Martin Siele on 6 July 2020-4:26 |title=KEMRI Scientist Lands Top Oxford University Job |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/55035-kemris-sam-kinyanjui-lands-oxford-university-job |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Kenyans.co.ke |language=EN}}</ref> During a state visit to the United States in May 2024, where he was hosted by President [[Joe Biden]], President [[William Ruto]] highlighted KEMRI as having a positive impact of effective partnership between Kenya and US organisations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wangari |first=Stephanie |title=Kenyan universities forge student exchange program with U.S. institutions |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001495584/kenyan-universities-forge-student-exchange-program-with-us-institutions?utm_cmp_rs=ifc%3AFC_0xKPy5yrT16jwEwKgq00Mg |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Shugaba Ruto ya yaba da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention), Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Amurka da KEMRI a matsayin wani shiri wanda ya haifar da manyan binciken kimiyya, musamman Allurar rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro kuma ya yi kira ga karuwar tallafi ga Kemri tol don taimakawa wajen kafa dukiyar ilimi mai ƙarfi da tsarin kasuwanci na kimiyya. Wannan ya ce, zai goyi bayan mayar da hankali ga Kenya kan ci gaban samfur, wani muhimmin bangare na masana'antar magunguna da kimiyyar halittu na kasar, wanda ya dace da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da BETA. == Wuraren da aka yi == KEMRI Research includes the following centers:{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} # Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Biotechnology (CBRD):Mandate shine don haɓaka sababbin fasahohin kimiyyar halittu kamar kayan bincike, allurar rigakafi da fasahar isar da ke tattare da su # Cibiyar Nazarin Asibiti (CCR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Magungunan Kasa (CGMR-C) # Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Duniya (CGHR) # Cibiyar Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CIPDCR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Microbiology (CMR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Jama'a (CPHR) # Cibiyar Binciken Cututtukan numfashi (CRDR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna da Magunguna (CTMDR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayar cuta (CVR) # Cibiyar Kula da Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwayar Kwalejin Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (ESACIPAC) # Makarantar KEMRI ta Kwarewar Kiwon Lafiya # Tsaro da Muhalli # Cibiyar samarwa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j2khs7a295udhm8gpxtzazhvhbtlxzd 888230 888229 2026-07-27T16:45:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 888230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kenya''' (KEMRI) kamfani ne na jihar da aka kafa ta hanyar Dokar [[Kimiyya]] da [[Fasaha]] (Gwamma) ta 1979, (tun lokacin da aka gyara shi zuwa Dokar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation ta 2013), a lokacin da Nicholas Biwott ke Ministan Jiha, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=Life and times of Nicholas Kipyator Biwott |url=https://citizentv.co.ke/news/life-and-times-of-nicholas-kipyator-biwott-170361/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Citizentv.co.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> a matsayin hukumar da ke da alhakin gudanar da bincike kan kiwon lafiya a Kenya. KEMRI ita ce bangaren bincike na kiwon lafiya na Gwamnatin Kenya wanda ke ba da shawara kan fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiyar kiwon lafiya da isar da shi, gami da sa ido kan cututtukan kasa da kuma saurin amsawa ga manyan barkewar cututtuka ciki har da HIV, [[Amai da Gudawa|kwalara]], Kwayar cutar Chikungunya, mura H1N1, [[Cutar amai da gudawa|zazzabin rawaya]], zazzabin Rift Valley, [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], aflatoxicosis da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kemri HIV cure studies paused as world focuses on Covid-19 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/nyanza/2020-11-08-kemri-suspends-some-aids-research-funds-go-to-covid/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=The Star |language=en-KE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oduor |first=Augustine |title=State pumps money into Covid research |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/education/article/2001406183/state-pumps-money-into-covid-research |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> An ba da umarnin KEMRI don gudanar da bincike a cikin lafiyar ɗan adam; don yin aiki tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin bincike da cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma kan batutuwan bincike da horo masu dacewa; don yin aikin tare da wasu hukumomin bincike a ciki da waje na Kenya suna gudanar da irin wannan bincike; don yin hadin kai tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'aikatu, Majalisar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kasa (NSCT) da Kwamitin Binciken Bincike na Bincike a cikin batutuwan da suka shafi manufofi da fifiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.kemri.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118052206/http://www.kemri.org/ |archive-date=18 November 2022 |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Kemri |language=en-US}}</ref> KEMRI has grown over the last 40 years  to become a regional leader in human health research.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-25 |title=KEMRI Scientist Wins Prestigious RSTMH Award |url=https://www.kemri.org/2019/09/25/kemri-scientist-wins-prestigious-rstmh-award/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Kemri |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614222135/https://www.kemri.org/2019/09/25/kemri-scientist-wins-prestigious-rstmh-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The institute currently ranks as one of the leading centres of excellence in health research both in Africa and globally.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gathura |first=Gatonye |title=Kenya set to give world first gonorrhoea vaccine - Standard Health |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/health/health-science/article/2001392319/kenya-set-to-give-world-first-gonorrhoea-vaccine |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=pm |first=Martin Siele on 6 July 2020-4:26 |title=KEMRI Scientist Lands Top Oxford University Job |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/55035-kemris-sam-kinyanjui-lands-oxford-university-job |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Kenyans.co.ke |language=EN}}</ref> During a state visit to the United States in May 2024, where he was hosted by President [[Joe Biden]], President [[William Ruto]] highlighted KEMRI as having a positive impact of effective partnership between Kenya and US organisations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wangari |first=Stephanie |title=Kenyan universities forge student exchange program with U.S. institutions |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001495584/kenyan-universities-forge-student-exchange-program-with-us-institutions?utm_cmp_rs=ifc%3AFC_0xKPy5yrT16jwEwKgq00Mg |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Shugaba Ruto ya yaba da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention), Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Amurka da KEMRI a matsayin wani shiri wanda ya haifar da manyan binciken kimiyya, musamman Allurar rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro kuma ya yi kira ga karuwar tallafi ga Kemri tol don taimakawa wajen kafa dukiyar ilimi mai ƙarfi da tsarin kasuwanci na kimiyya. Wannan ya ce, zai goyi bayan mayar da hankali ga Kenya kan ci gaban samfur, wani muhimmin bangare na masana'antar magunguna da kimiyyar halittu na kasar, wanda ya dace da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da BETA. == Wuraren da aka yi == KEMRI Research includes the following centers:{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} # Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Biotechnology (CBRD):Mandate shine don haɓaka sababbin fasahohin kimiyyar halittu kamar kayan bincike, allurar rigakafi da fasahar isar da ke tattare da su # Cibiyar Nazarin Asibiti (CCR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Magungunan Kasa (CGMR-C) # Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Duniya (CGHR) # Cibiyar Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CIPDCR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Microbiology (CMR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Jama'a (CPHR) # Cibiyar Binciken Cututtukan numfashi (CRDR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna da Magunguna (CTMDR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayar cuta (CVR) # Cibiyar Kula da Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwayar Kwalejin Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (ESACIPAC) # Makarantar KEMRI ta Kwarewar Kiwon Lafiya # Tsaro da Muhalli # Cibiyar samarwa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t55qfnj2c7p47cx9x4e27ikrsvs1nn3 888231 888230 2026-07-27T16:46:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 888231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kenya''' (KEMRI) kamfani ne na jihar da aka kafa ta hanyar Dokar [[Kimiyya]] da [[Fasaha]] (Gwamma) ta 1979, (tun lokacin da aka gyara shi zuwa Dokar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation ta 2013), a lokacin da Nicholas Biwott ke Ministan Jiha, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=Life and times of Nicholas Kipyator Biwott |url=https://citizentv.co.ke/news/life-and-times-of-nicholas-kipyator-biwott-170361/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Citizentv.co.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> a matsayin hukumar da ke da alhakin gudanar da bincike kan kiwon lafiya a Kenya. KEMRI ita ce bangaren bincike na kiwon lafiya na Gwamnatin Kenya wanda ke ba da shawara kan fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiyar kiwon lafiya da isar da shi, gami da sa ido kan cututtukan kasa da kuma saurin amsawa ga manyan barkewar cututtuka ciki har da HIV, [[Amai da Gudawa|kwalara]], Kwayar cutar Chikungunya, mura H1N1, [[Cutar amai da gudawa|zazzabin rawaya]], zazzabin Rift Valley, [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], aflatoxicosis da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kemri HIV cure studies paused as world focuses on Covid-19 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/nyanza/2020-11-08-kemri-suspends-some-aids-research-funds-go-to-covid/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=The Star |language=en-KE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oduor |first=Augustine |title=State pumps money into Covid research |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/education/article/2001406183/state-pumps-money-into-covid-research |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> An ba da umarnin KEMRI don gudanar da bincike a cikin lafiyar ɗan adam; don yin aiki tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin bincike da cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma kan batutuwan bincike da horo masu dacewa; don yin aikin tare da wasu hukumomin bincike a ciki da waje na Kenya suna gudanar da irin wannan bincike; don yin hadin kai tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'aikatu, Majalisar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kasa (NSCT) da Kwamitin Binciken Bincike na Bincike a cikin batutuwan da suka shafi manufofi da fifiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.kemri.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118052206/http://www.kemri.org/ |archive-date=18 November 2022 |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Kemri |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wangari |first=Stephanie |title=Kenyan universities forge student exchange program with U.S. institutions |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001495584/kenyan-universities-forge-student-exchange-program-with-us-institutions?utm_cmp_rs=ifc%3AFC_0xKPy5yrT16jwEwKgq00Mg |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Shugaba Ruto ya yaba da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention), Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Amurka da KEMRI a matsayin wani shiri wanda ya haifar da manyan binciken kimiyya, musamman Allurar rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro kuma ya yi kira ga karuwar tallafi ga Kemri tol don taimakawa wajen kafa dukiyar ilimi mai ƙarfi da tsarin kasuwanci na kimiyya. Wannan ya ce, zai goyi bayan mayar da hankali ga Kenya kan ci gaban samfur, wani muhimmin bangare na masana'antar magunguna da kimiyyar halittu na kasar, wanda ya dace da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da BETA. == Wuraren da aka yi == KEMRI Research includes the following centers:{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} # Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Biotechnology (CBRD):Mandate shine don haɓaka sababbin fasahohin kimiyyar halittu kamar kayan bincike, allurar rigakafi da fasahar isar da ke tattare da su # Cibiyar Nazarin Asibiti (CCR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Magungunan Kasa (CGMR-C) # Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Duniya (CGHR) # Cibiyar Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CIPDCR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Microbiology (CMR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Jama'a (CPHR) # Cibiyar Binciken Cututtukan numfashi (CRDR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna da Magunguna (CTMDR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayar cuta (CVR) # Cibiyar Kula da Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwayar Kwalejin Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (ESACIPAC) # Makarantar KEMRI ta Kwarewar Kiwon Lafiya # Tsaro da Muhalli # Cibiyar samarwa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bjkhxx9cnsvr6grgg179dgm3o39hwxl 888232 888231 2026-07-27T16:46:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 888232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kenya''' (KEMRI) kamfani ne na jihar da aka kafa ta hanyar Dokar [[Kimiyya]] da [[Fasaha]] (Gwamma) ta 1979, (tun lokacin da aka gyara shi zuwa Dokar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation ta 2013), a lokacin da Nicholas Biwott ke Ministan Jiha,<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=Life and times of Nicholas Kipyator Biwott |url=https://citizentv.co.ke/news/life-and-times-of-nicholas-kipyator-biwott-170361/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Citizentv.co.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> a matsayin hukumar da ke da alhakin gudanar da bincike kan kiwon lafiya a Kenya. KEMRI ita ce bangaren bincike na kiwon lafiya na Gwamnatin Kenya wanda ke ba da shawara kan fannoni daban-daban na kiwon lafiyar kiwon lafiya da isar da shi, gami da sa ido kan cututtukan kasa da kuma saurin amsawa ga manyan barkewar cututtuka ciki har da HIV, [[Amai da Gudawa|kwalara]], Kwayar cutar Chikungunya, mura H1N1, [[Cutar amai da gudawa|zazzabin rawaya]], zazzabin Rift Valley, [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], aflatoxicosis da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kemri HIV cure studies paused as world focuses on Covid-19 |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/nyanza/2020-11-08-kemri-suspends-some-aids-research-funds-go-to-covid/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=The Star |language=en-KE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oduor |first=Augustine |title=State pumps money into Covid research |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/education/article/2001406183/state-pumps-money-into-covid-research |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> An ba da umarnin KEMRI don gudanar da bincike a cikin lafiyar ɗan adam; don yin aiki tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin bincike da cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma kan batutuwan bincike da horo masu dacewa; don yin aikin tare da wasu hukumomin bincike a ciki da waje na Kenya suna gudanar da irin wannan bincike; don yin hadin kai tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiya, Ma'aikatu, Majalisar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kasa (NSCT) da Kwamitin Binciken Bincike na Bincike a cikin batutuwan da suka shafi manufofi da fifiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.kemri.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118052206/http://www.kemri.org/ |archive-date=18 November 2022 |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Kemri |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wangari |first=Stephanie |title=Kenyan universities forge student exchange program with U.S. institutions |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001495584/kenyan-universities-forge-student-exchange-program-with-us-institutions?utm_cmp_rs=ifc%3AFC_0xKPy5yrT16jwEwKgq00Mg |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Shugaba Ruto ya yaba da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention), Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Amurka da KEMRI a matsayin wani shiri wanda ya haifar da manyan binciken kimiyya, musamman Allurar rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro kuma ya yi kira ga karuwar tallafi ga Kemri tol don taimakawa wajen kafa dukiyar ilimi mai ƙarfi da tsarin kasuwanci na kimiyya. Wannan ya ce, zai goyi bayan mayar da hankali ga Kenya kan ci gaban samfur, wani muhimmin bangare na masana'antar magunguna da kimiyyar halittu na kasar, wanda ya dace da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da BETA. == Wuraren da aka yi == KEMRI Research includes the following centers:{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}} # Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Biotechnology (CBRD):Mandate shine don haɓaka sababbin fasahohin kimiyyar halittu kamar kayan bincike, allurar rigakafi da fasahar isar da ke tattare da su # Cibiyar Nazarin Asibiti (CCR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Magungunan Kasa (CGMR-C) # Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Duniya (CGHR) # Cibiyar Kula da Cututtukan Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CIPDCR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Microbiology (CMR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Jama'a (CPHR) # Cibiyar Binciken Cututtukan numfashi (CRDR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna da Magunguna (CTMDR) # Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayar cuta (CVR) # Cibiyar Kula da Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwayar Kwalejin Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (ESACIPAC) # Makarantar KEMRI ta Kwarewar Kiwon Lafiya # Tsaro da Muhalli # Cibiyar samarwa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cigu75i8i1zayxtyz9ayra07j6phbfq 0 159438 888240 878766 2026-07-27T17:25:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot''' wani yanki ne mai zaman kansa, tashar jigilar man fetur da ajiya a [[Uganda]].<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Private Sector Foundation Uganda |date=4 September 2020 |title=PSFU visits Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited |url=https://www.psfuganda.org/15-psfu-news/304-psfu-visits-mahathi-infra-uganda-limited.html |access-date=17 September 2020 |publisher=Private Sector Foundation Uganda |place=Kampala |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923062554/https://www.psfuganda.org/15-psfu-news/304-psfu-visits-mahathi-infra-uganda-limited.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana isar da man fetur, man fetur da Jet A1 ta jirgin ruwa daga [[Kisumu]], a fadin [[Tafkin Victoria]] a makwabciyar Kenya. Ana adana man fetur a nan kuma ana isar da shi ta hanyar mota zuwa wurare na ƙarshe a Uganda, [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] da [[Sudan ta Kudu]], wanda ke rage lokutan isar da farashin sufuri.<ref name="1R" /> == Wurin da yake == Ginin yana gefen gabar arewa maso gabashin [[Tafkin Victoria|Tafkin Nalubaale]], a kan kimanin kadada 30 (12 , a cikin unguwar Bugiri-Bukasa a cikin Gundumar Wakiso, kusa da [[Kampala]]-Entebbe Road, kimanin kilomita 36 (22 , ta hanya, kudu da gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya ta Kampala, babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a Uganda. Wannan kusan kilomita 24 (15 mi), ta hanyar hanya, arewa maso gabashin Filin jirgin saman Entebbe. Yanayin ƙasa na Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot sune 00°07'23.0"N, 32°34'10.0"E (Latitude:0.123056; Longitude:32.569444). == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Ginin mallakar wata kungiya ce, wacce ta kunshi (a) Mahathi Infra Group of India (b) Siginon Group of Kenya da (c) Fortune Energy of Uganda. Wannan ƙungiyar ta yi rajistar kamfanin mota na musamman (SPV) don aiwatar da aikin. Kamfanin SPV ana kiransa ''Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited'' (MIUL). <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=James Anyanzwa and Njiraini Muchira |date=17 September 2020 |title=Kisumu jetty all set, but Uganda asks for time to fix complex parts |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kisumu-port-the-long-wait-for-kenya-as-uganda-dithers-2195370 |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-date=18 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918005839/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kisumu-port-the-long-wait-for-kenya-as-uganda-dithers-2195370 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tashar tana da tankuna 14 tare da damar riƙe lita 70,000,000 (15,397,847 US na [[Shell|Man Fetur]]. Wannan yana ba da damar samun isasshen wuri don cinikayya da man fetur tsakanin ƙasashe masu zuwa, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa Uganda tana amfani da lita 4,500,000 kawai (989,862 US na man fetur kowace rana. Manyan kamfanonin mai a yankin, gami da Shell Oil, Total SE da Mogas, sun sanya hannu kan kwangilar samarwa tare da Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited . <ref name="5R"/> Baya ga tankunan ajiya, ɓangaren Uganda na aikin ya haɗa da gina tashar jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 220 ciki har da bututun mai guda huɗu, kowannensu don nau'ikan man fetur guda huɗu. Har ila yau, wuraren da za a ajiye tankunan mai da kuma gina jirage hudu na tankunan man fetur, kowannensu yana da damar lita 4,400,000 (967,865 , suna daga cikin aikin. Kowane jirgin ruwa na tanki yana da ƙarfin da ya dace da kimanin motocin mai 150.<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Njiraini Muchira |date=21 September 2019 |title=Kenya oil jetty remains idle a year on as Uganda construction yet to take off |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-oil-jetty-remains-idle-a-year-on-as-uganda-construction-yet-to-take-off-1427676 |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-date=18 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918010602/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-oil-jetty-remains-idle-a-year-on-as-uganda-construction-yet-to-take-off-1427676 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kudin da kudade == Jimlar kudin aikin an tsara shi a dala miliyan 270. Daga cikin jimlar, an aro dala miliyan 70 daga Equity Group. Sauran dala miliyan 200 sun tara kamfanonin membobin kungiyar.<ref name="5R"/> == Gine-gine == Ginin ya fara ne a shekarar 2017.<ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Jeff Mbanga |date=10 May 2017 |title=Indian firm wins oil route on Lake Victoria |url=https://observer.ug/businessnews/52800-indian-firm-wins-oil-route-on-lake-victoria |access-date=17 September 2020}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2020, ayyukan sun cika kashi 80 cikin dari, tare da ƙaddamar da sa ran a farkon rabin 2021.<ref name="5R"/> Ya zuwa Oktoba 2021, ginin ya kusan kammala, tare da ƙaddamar da kasuwanci da ake tsammani a watan Disamba na 2021.<ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Brian Musaasizi |date=29 October 2021 |title=Mahathi Infra Uganda Oil Terminal Impress Busoga King "Kyabazinga" |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2021/10/mahathi-infra-uganda-oil-terminal-impress-busoga-king-kyabazinga/ |access-date=30 October 2021 |website=[[Red Pepper (newspaper)|Red Pepper Uganda]]}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, jaridar New Vision ta ba da rahoton cewa an shirya ayyukan kasuwanci don farawa a watan Maris na 2022.<ref name="9R">{{Cite web |last=Abbey Ramadhan |date=24 January 2021 |title=Uganda readies more Kawuku fuel reservoirs |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/125109/uganda-readies-more-kawuku-fuel-reservoirs |access-date=24 January 2022 |website=[[New Vision]] |place=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> An kammala ginin a cikin 2022 kuma an karɓi jigilar man fetur na farko a wurin a ranar 30 ga Disamba 2022. == Ci gaban da aka samu == A watan Agustan 2023 Mahathi Infra Uganda Limited ta sami tallafi daga [[Kamfanin Kudi na Afirka (AFC)|Kamfanin Kudi na Afirka]], a cikin hanyar rance wanda ya kai dala miliyan 95.25 (USh353 biliyan) don manufar samun sabbin ababen more rayuwa da fadada wannan tashar man fetur.<ref name="LoanR">{{Cite web |last=Uganda Radio Network |date=24 August 2023 |title=Mahathi secures Sh353 billion for barges on Lake Victoria |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mahathi-secures-sh353-billion-for-barges-on-lake-victoria/ |access-date=26 August 2023 |website=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]}}</ref> Tare da kudade, MIUL tana shirin aiwatar da wadannan: <ref name="LoanR"/> * Gina sabbin jiragen ruwa guda biyu da za su kawo man fetur daga [[Kisumu]], Kenya, a fadin Tafkin Victoria zuwa Uganda * Gina tashoshin loading don motocin mai 20 * Gina filin ajiye motoci wanda zai iya ɗaukar motocin mai 50. Tun da farko a cikin 2023, kamfanin ya nuna niyyar shimfiɗa bututun mai mai mai mai tsabta tsakanin Uganda da Rwanda don ɗaukar mai mai tsabta zuwa ƙarshen. Wannan zai sauƙaƙa cunkoso, lalacewa da fashewa a kan hanyoyin Uganda.<ref name="PipeR">{{Cite web |last=Eve Muganga |date=10 July 2023 |title=Govt in support of initiative to set up oil pipeline to Rwanda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-in-support-of-initiative-to-set-up-oil-pipeline-to-rwanda-4298914 |access-date=26 August 2023 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Bukasa]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kpucfmz3bva0nscu3wfbvth1z7n3y3k 0 159463 888245 878771 2026-07-27T18:10:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mai ba da gudummawa''', wanda aka fi sani da '''masanin fasahar kula da jini''', ƙwararren ƙwararren likitan lafiya ne wanda ke aiki da na'urar adana sel a lokacin tiyata da ke sa ran asarar jini. Mai ba da jini yana da alhakin tattara jini daga mai haƙuri yayin aikin, yana sharewa ko tsabtace jini daga ƙazanta, sannan ya ba da shi don sake shiga cikin mai haƙuri. An san wannan tsari da "mai adana kwayoyin halitta" kuma an dauke shi mafi girma ga amfani da jini daga mai ba da gudummawa, saboda yana rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta kuma yana ba da ƙarin ƙwayoyin aiki ga mai haƙuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Team |url=http://www.ashevilleheart.com/index.php/our-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413174110/http://www.ashevilleheart.com/index.php/our-team |archive-date=2012-04-13 |access-date=2012-02-10 |publisher=Asheville Heart}}</ref> Saboda an sake zagaya jinin, babu iyaka ga adadin jinin da za a iya mayar da shi ga mai haƙuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cell Saver (Intraoperative Cell Salvage Machine) |url=http://www.cts.usc.edu/zglossary-cellsaver.html |access-date=2012-02-11 |publisher=University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine |archive-date=2012-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226035651/http://www.cts.usc.edu/zglossary-cellsaver.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana iya samun autotransfusion a cikin dakin aiki, sashin kulawa mai zurfi, da sashen gaggawa kuma suna buƙatar digiri daban-daban na ƙwarewa dangane da hanyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Autotransfusion |url=http://bloodguys.com/autotransfusion/services |access-date=2012-02-10 |publisher=Bloodguys |archive-date=2012-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211071346/http://bloodguys.com/autotransfusion/services |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi == Don zama Certified Perioperative Blood Management Technologist ('''CPBMT'''), dole ne mutum ya zama: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Certification |url=http://intbbm.org/sections/Certification/index.iphtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226140315/http://intbbm.org/sections/Certification/index.iphtml |archive-date=2012-02-26 |access-date=2012-02-10 |publisher=International Board of Blood Management}}</ref> * Kasancewa da mafi ƙarancin difloma na makarantar sakandare ko kwatankwacin * Yi aiki a fagen kula da jini na akalla shekara guda * Cikakken mafi ƙarancin hanyoyin autotransfusion guda hamsin na shekara-shekara. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.aabb.org// Ƙungiyar Bankunan Jinin Amurka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204040535/http://www.abcp.org/introduction.htm Hukumar Kula da Zuciya ta Amurka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120111044947/http://www.asatt.org/ American Society of Anesthesia Fasaha da Fasaha] * [http://www.amsect.org Ƙungiyar Amirka ta Fasahar Fasaha ta Ƙasa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508075629/http://www.amsect.org/ |date=2021-05-08 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120226135956/http://intbbm.org/ Hukumar Kula da Jini ta Duniya] * [http://www.anzcp.org/ Kwalejin Australiya da New Zealand na Perfusionists] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nsc7hjwv32tbwvpxtcqlqdoo5jmij65 0 159623 888095 866429 2026-07-27T13:30:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Danny F II''''' (wanda asali '''''Don Carlos ne''''' ) jirgin ruwa ne mai ɗaukar kaya da aka gina a shekarar 1975 a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya . An sake mata suna ''Danny F II'' lokacin da aka sake gina ta a matsayin mai jigilar dabbobi a shekarar 1994. Jirgin ya kife ya nutse a gabar tekun [[Lebanon]] a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2009, yana ɗauke da mutane 83, tumaki 10,224, da shanu 17,932. An ceto mutane 40 kuma an sami gawawwaki 11. Ana kyautata zaton sauran ma'aikatan jirgin, fasinjoji da dabbobi sun mutu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Remembering the Danny F II |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/features/remembering-the-danny-f-ii |access-date=2022-01-05 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}</ref> == Gine-gine == An gina ''Don Carlos'' ta hanyar Oy Wärtsilä Ab Turku, Finland, a matsayin filin jirgin ruwa mai lamba 1220. <ref name="Fakta" /> An ƙaddamar da ita a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 1975, kuma an kammala ta a watan Afrilu, 1976. Tana da tsayin {{Convert|202.62|m|ftin}}tsawonsa tsayi, tare da katako mai tsawon {{Convert|28.15|m|ftin}}da iska mai tsawon {{Convert|8.48|m|ftin}} . <ref name="Mareud">{{Cite web |title=m.v. DON CARLOS (II) |url=http://www.mareud.com/Postcard/wallenius_don_carlos2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714034741/http://www.mareud.com/Postcard/wallenius_don_carlos2.htm |archive-date=14 July 2011 |access-date=18 December 2009 |publisher=Mareud}}</ref> Jirgin ruwan ya kasance 14,478 GT, 7,258 NT da 14,800 DWT . Injin dizal ɗinta na Sulzer 6RND 90 ya ba ta babban gudu na {{Convert|20|kn|km/h}} . <ref name="Fakta">{{Cite web |title=M/S DON CARLOS. |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/don_carlos_1976.htm |access-date=18 December 2009 |publisher=Fakta om Fartyg |language=Swedish}}</ref> == Tarihi == An gina ''Don Carlos'' ne don Rederei AB Soya, [[Stockholm]] . <ref name="Fakta" /> Asalin motar ɗaukar kaya ce, <ref name="Pan">{{Cite web |title=Ship conversion |url=http://www.panunited.com.sg/shipyard/services_sc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227003911/http://www.panunited.com.sg/shipyard/services_sc.html |archive-date=27 February 2008 |publisher=Pan United Shipyards}}</ref> an kawo ta ne a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1976. A watan Oktoba 1985, an mayar da ''Don Carlos'' zuwa Wallenius Lines Singapore Ptd Ltd, Singapore. A watan Yuli 1994, an sayar da ita ga BSA Transportation Pte, Ltd. na Singapore aka kuma sake mata suna ''Danny F II'' . <ref name="Fakta" /> ''Danny F II'' ta isa Singapore a ranar 15 ga Agusta 1994, don sake ginawa a matsayin mai jigilar dabbobi. <ref name="Fakta"/> Kamfanin jiragen ruwa na Pan United ne suka gudanar da aikin. <ref name="Pan"/> An sayar da ita a shekarar 1995 ga Rachid Fares Enterprise Proprietary, Fremantle, sannan aka sake tura ta zuwa Liberia. A ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2000, an yi mata rijista a Danny F II, St Vincent da Grenadines. <ref name="Fakta" /> A ranar 16 ga Satumba 2000, ''Danny F II'' ya ceto ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa 25 na Madona kimanin {{Convert|200|nmi|km}} a arewacin Tsibirin Cocos . ''Madona'' ta ƙirƙiro jerin gwanon jiragen ruwa masu tsauri bayan da aka canja mata kayanta. <ref name="CR2000">{{Cite journal |date=2000 |title=Appendix 1 |url=https://lloyds-production.s3.amazonaws.com/_file/general/2000-casualty-returns.pdf |journal=World Casualty Statistics |location=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Oktoba 2005, an yi wa ''Danny F II'' rijista a Falcon Point International, Panama. <ref name="Fakta" /> A shekara ta 2005, an ruwaito cewa an tsare ''Danny F II'' a [[Adelaide]] saboda lahani da suka haɗa da ramukan da aka yi da bulbules, fitilun kewayawa da kayan aikin rediyo da kuma ƙofofi masu matsala waɗanda ba sa shiga ruwa. <ref name="Defect">{{Cite web |title=Live export trade: "excessive mortalities" and cover-ups |url=http://www.cpa.org.au/z-archive/g2005/1214live.html |access-date=18 December 2009 |publisher=Communist Party of Australia |archive-date=5 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005212943/http://www.cpa.org.au/z-archive/g2005/1214live.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nitsewa == A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2009, ''Danny F II'' ya kife ya nutse cikin mummunan yanayi a [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]], {{Convert|11|nmi|km}} daga Tripoli, Lebanon, (ba za a iya rikitar da birnin [[Libya]] mai suna iri ɗaya ba), yayin da yake tafiya daga [[Montevideo]], Uruguay, zuwa Tartus, Syria, yana ɗauke da fasinjoji shida, ma'aikata 77, tumaki 10,224 da shanu 17,932. An ruwaito cewa kyaftin ɗin jirgin ruwan Birtaniya, John M Milloy, ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jirgin lokacin da jirgin ya birgima a cikin teku mai tsayi. Bayan kiran gaggawa da aka yi da ƙarfe 15:55 na yamma agogon yankin (13:55 UTC ), an ƙaddamar da aikin ceto wanda ya ƙunshi jiragen ruwa daga rundunar wucin gadi ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Lebanon (UNIFIL) CTF 448 ƙarƙashin jagorancin babban jami'in tsaron baya na rundunar sojojin ruwan Italiya, Francesco Sandali, a cikin Italian frigate Zeffiro . Daga cikin waɗanda suka ceto akwai jiragen ruwan Jamus guda biyu, waɗanda ke cikin jirgin CTF 448, da ƙananan jiragen ruwan ceto daga Rundunar Sojin Lebanon (LAF). An aika da wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na Bell Griffin HAR2 daga rundunar sojojin sama ta 84, Royal Air Force, wanda ke da hedikwata a RAF Akrotiri da jiragen sama na rundunar 'yan sanda ta Cyprus (Bell 412s) bayan buƙatar cibiyar kula da ceto da ke [[Larnaca]] don taimakawa wajen ceto. == Manazarta == 9oopjl6etkk28bc6fn45gm2e6tp6fkp 0 159840 888348 868221 2026-07-28T02:38:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888348 wikitext text/x-wiki Dokta '''Manfred E. Bayer''' (22 Satumba 1928 - 27 Fabrairu 2015) likita ne kuma masanin microscopist, wanda aka fi sani da bincikensa a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da kayan aikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta ta amfani da microscopy na lantarki. Shi ne mutum na farko da ya ga kwayar cutar [[Cutar amai da gudawa|zazzabin rawaya]] a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta da kuma samun sassan sassan ''E. coli'' ta hanyar penicillin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bayer |first=Manfred |year=1982 |title=Genetic Regulation of the Glyoxylate Shunt in E-coli K 12 |url=http://jb.asm.org/content/150/3/1495.2.full.pdf |journal=Journal of Bacteriology |volume=150 |issue=3 |access-date=19 August 2012}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bayer a Görlitz, Prussia . Ya shiga Jami'ar Kiel, Jamus don karatun sakandare a ilmin halitta kuma ya sami digiri a shekarar 1949. Ya yi karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Hamburg, Jamus . Ya kammala karatunsa na asibiti a 1953. Ya shiga fannin kimiyyar lissafi a wannan jami'a kuma ya sami digiri a shekarar 1959. Binciken da ya yi a kan cututtukan ya ba shi damar zama Mataimakin Bincike a Jami'ar Hamburg . Ya kuma yi difloma a fannin kiwon lafiya na wurare masu zafi da kuma parasitology a Jami'ar Hamburg . == Ayyuka da bincike == Bayer ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Cututtukan Tropical da Parasitology. Daga baya, ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji (yanzu Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Fox Chase a Philadelphia) a matsayin abokin bincike. Ya kuma kasance Farfesa na Microbiology a Jami'ar Pennsylvania Medical School daga 1971 zuwa 2000. Ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara mai daraja a Jami'ar Dalhousie, Halifax . Ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2015, a gidansa da ke Crozet, Virginia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manfred Bayer Obituary |url=http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=Manfred-Bayer&lc=9731&pid=174278039&uuid=61df12df-9458-471d-9f1f-2951c2c06a50 |access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> An san Beyer da bincikensa game da amfani da resins masu narkewa da ruwa a cikin microscopy na lantarki. Amfani da resins zai karfafa samfurori don a iya samun sassan sassan don micrography na lantarki. An kuma yaba masa da gano tsarin sassan Kwayar cutar hepatitis.<ref name="hepB">{{Cite web |title=The Hepatitis B story |url=http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.page.asp?I=273 |access-date=19 August 2012 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}</ref> Wannan binciken yana da mahimmanci ga kirkirar allurar rigakafin Hepatitis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hepatitis B vaccine production using yeast |url=http://www.exclusivepapers.com/m/essays/Medicine/Hepatitis-B-Vaccine-Production-Using-Yeast.php |access-date=19 August 2012 |publisher=Exclusive Papers}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Dokta Bayer ya lashe lambar yabo ta Japan Society for the Promotion in Science . Ya kasance memba na edita a cikin Journal of Bacteriology . Lyme Disease Association Inc. ta ba shi tallafin bincike don bincikensa kan ''Tasirin Low Frequency Magnetic Fields akan Borrelia burgdorferi .'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2012 |title=LDA awards: 80 research grants since 1992 |url=http://www.lymediseaseassociation.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=957&Itemid=585 |access-date=19 August 2012 |publisher=Lyme Disease Inc |archive-date=14 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014004311/http://lymediseaseassociation.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=957&Itemid=585 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3mc0syn7zzt1xot5hxdi3o9meq1b8ji 0 160181 888443 870848 2026-07-28T10:45:26Z BnHamid 12586 888443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:The_diseases_of_infancy_and_childhood_-_designed_for_the_use_of_students_and_practitioners_of_medicine_(1918)_(14597559569).jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Halin da ya dace]] The '''Schick test''', developed in 1913,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kilduffe R |year=1922 |title=The Schick Test and Its Practical Application in the Control of Diphtheria |journal=The American Journal of Nursing |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=254–248}}</ref> is a skin test used to determine whether or not a person is susceptible to [[Rashin jinin jiki|diphtheria]].<ref name="pmid4949493">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Barile MF, Kolb RW, Pittman M |date=September 1971 |title=United States standard diphtheria toxin for the Schick text and the erythema potency assay for the Schick text dose |journal=Infect. Immun. |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=295–306 |doi=10.1128/IAI.4.3.295-306.1971 |pmc=416303 |pmid=4949493}}</ref> It was named after its inventor, Béla Schick (1877–1967), a Hungarian-born American pediatrician.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2020}} == Hanyar da ake ciki == Gwajin hanya ce mai sauƙi. Ana yin amfani da ƙananan (0.1 ml) na guba ta diphtheria da aka narke (1/50 MLD) a cikin hannu ɗaya na mutum kuma guba mai zafi a kan ɗayan a matsayin iko. Idan mutum ba shi da isasshen magungunan rigakafi don yaƙi da shi, fata da ke kewaye da allurar zai zama ja kuma ya kumbura, yana nuna sakamako mai kyau. Wannan kumburi ya ɓace bayan 'yan kwanaki. Idan mutumin yana da rigakafi, to kadan ko babu kumburi da ja zai faru, yana nuna sakamako mara kyau. Ana iya fassara sakamakon kamar haka: # Gaskiya: lokacin da gwajin ya haifar da wheal na 5-10 mm diamita, ya kai samansa a cikin kwanaki hudu zuwa bakwai. Hannun sarrafawa bai nuna wani abu ba. Wannan yana nuna cewa batun ba shi da magungunan rigakafi game da guba kuma saboda haka yana da saukin kamuwa da cutar.&nbsp; # Pseudo-positive: lokacin da akwai kumburi mai launin ja kawai (erythema) kuma ya ɓace cikin kwanaki huɗu. Wannan yana faruwa a kan hannayen biyu tunda batun yana da rigakafi amma yana da saurin ji ga guba. # Halin da ba daidai ba: Yana nuna cewa mutum yana da rigakafi. # Haɗin haɗuwa: Hoton farko yana kama da na pseudo-reaction amma erythema ya ɓace bayan kwana huɗu kawai a hannun sarrafawa. Yana ci gaba a kan hannun gwaji zuwa tabbatacce. An fassara batun don zama mai saukin kamuwa da kuma mai saurin ji. An kirkiro gwajin ne lokacin da masu rigakafin suka kasance kaɗan kuma ba su da aminci sosai; duk da haka, yayin da sabbin Toxoids suka kasance masu aminci, ba a buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na kamuwa da cuta ba. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * ''Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary'', 20th Ed. (2005). [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dhg23x22s1190ddnwg1e3ry944e3q3j 0 160202 888388 871029 2026-07-28T09:49:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Martin Černáček''' (an haife shi 9 Nuwamba 1979) ɗan wasan baya ne [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|na ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Slofakiya|ta Slovak]] wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa FC Ned . Černáček, ɗan asalin Myjava kuma kyaftin na Spartak Myjava na dogon lokaci, ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta samu nasara daga gasar rukuni na huɗu zuwa babban rukuni. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-12-30 |title=Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/415293-myjava-mala-dohrat-sutaz-tvrdi-jej-byvaly-kapitan/ "Myjava mala dohrať súťaž, tvrdí jej bývalý kapitán"]. ''Športweb.sk'' (in Slovak). 30 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)]]</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aiki === Černáček ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a TJ Spartak Myjava. <ref>{{Cite web |last=a.s |first=Petit Press |title=Pracovné voľno vybavuje kapitán Černáček |url=https://my.sme.sk/trencin/c/pracovne-volno-vybavuje-kapitan-cernacek |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=my.sme.sk |language=sk}}</ref> A shekarar 1998, ya koma FC Spartak Trnava . Kafin kakar wasa ta 2000/01, ya tafi aro zuwa ŠK Jaslovské Bohunice, daga nan ya koma Trnava shekara guda bayan haka. A watan Maris na 2002, ya bar ƙungiyar ya sanya hannu kan kwangila da FC Neded . Bayan haka, ya yi aiki sau biyu a ƙasashen waje. Da farko, ya buga wa ƙungiyar Czech SK Tatran Poštorná wasa sannan ya saka rigar ASV Asparn ta Austrian. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}</ref> === Spartak Myjava === A lokacin canja wurin hunturu na kakar wasa ta 2006/07, ya koma Myjava . Tare da ƙungiyar, ya ci gaba zuwa gasar rukuni na uku a kakar wasa ta 2008/09, shekaru biyu bayan haka zuwa gasar ta biyu mafi girma, kuma a bazara ta 2012 ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar Myjava da aka ɗaukaka zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-02 |title=Nováčik Corgoň ligy z Myjavy: Ak neuspejeme, nezbláznime sa |url=https://www1.pluska.sk/sport/futbal/novacik-corgon-ligy-myjavy-ak-neuspejeme-nezblaznime |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Plus jeden deň |language=sk}}</ref> Haka kuma a lokacin ne ya zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Černáček zavesí kopačky na klinec: Som na to pripravený |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |website=Profootball.SK |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2016-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135756/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok216973-Cernacek_zavesi_kopacky_na_klinec_Som_na_to_pripraveny.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Černáček ya fara buga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko a Spartak Myjava a wasan da suka yi da MŠK Žilina a ranar 13 ga Yulin 2012, inda ya buga dukkan wasan da rashin nasara da ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MŠK Žilina - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/760-msk-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}</ref> Ƙwallon farko da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 1-0 a waje da FK Senica, wanda hakan ya tabbatar wa Myjava nasarar a minti na 78. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FK Senica - Spartak Myjava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/796-sen-myj |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Niké liga}}</ref> Ya ƙare aikinsa na ƙwararru a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2016, a zagaye na ƙarshe na kakar wasa ta 2016/17 ta Fortuna League bayan kunnen doki 1-1 da ŠK Slovan Bratislava . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Na Myjave tri červené karty a deľba bodov (video) |url=http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133221/http://www.profutbal.sk/ligy/svk1/clanok217037-Na_Myjave_tri_cervene_karty_a_delba_bodov_video.htm |archive-date=2016-12-20 |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=www.profutbal.sk |language=sk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-11 |title=Futbalový život som mal nadávkovaný, zatiaľ netuším, ako ho nahradím |url=https://sportweb.pravda.sk/futbal/nike-liga/clanok/413582-futbalovy-zivot-som-mal-nadavkony-zatial-netusim-ako-to-nahradim/ |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=Športweb.sk |language=sk-SK}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&p=18&pid=8 Bayanin Spartak Myjava] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917173003/http://www.spartakmyjava.sk/component/joomleague/?func=showPlayer&p=18&pid=8 |date=2019-09-17 }} * {{Soccerway|martin-ernaek/104424}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] 77yfmif0zav0pu0w11rcafmsv61agtx 0 160998 888341 878260 2026-07-28T00:14:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''maths school''' is a type of specialist free school sixth form college in England which specialises in the study of mathematics. Each maths school is sponsored by a university<ref>{{Cite web |title=DfE invites top universities to open specialist maths free schools {{!}} New Schools Network |url=https://www.newschoolsnetwork.org/what-are-free-schools/free-school-news/dfe-invites-top-universities-to-open-specialist-maths-free |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=www.newschoolsnetwork.org |archive-date=2022-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111204324/https://www.newschoolsnetwork.org/what-are-free-schools/free-school-news/dfe-invites-top-universities-to-open-specialist-maths-free |url-status=dead }}</ref> and, frequently, also a nearby established sixth form college or multi-academy trust.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to open a maths school |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/how-to-open-a-maths-school |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> All students in a maths school must follow a course of study that includes A-Levels in mathematics and further mathematics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=How to apply to set up a maths school for 16 to 19 year olds |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/how-to-open-a-maths-school/how-to-apply-to-set-up-a-maths-school-for-16-to-19-year-olds |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> Makarantun lissafi suna samun ƙarin kuɗi daga gwamnatin tsakiya, fiye da abin da kwalejin aji shida za ta samu, da nufin samar da manhaja mai inganci da ƙwarewar ɗalibai, ta yadda ɗalibai za su fi shirye don karatu a fannin lissafi ko fannoni masu alaƙa a jami'o'i masu gasa, ko kuma don ayyukan da ke buƙatar ƙwarewa mai girma ta fannin lissafi. <ref name=":0"/> Makarantun lissafi suna da zaɓi kuma da farko duk ɗaliban da ke neman shiga ana buƙatar su cimma, aƙalla, aji 8 a fannin lissafi na GCSE . Wannan ba haka lamarin yake ba ga duk makarantun lissafi, inda wasu yanzu ke karɓar aji 7 a fannin lissafi na GCSE. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Admissions – Leeds Mathematics School |url=https://lmas.ac.uk/admissions/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Dole ne ɗalibai su kuma zauna jarrabawar shiga kafin a shigar da su. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Downs |first=Janet |date=2018-05-12 |title=The chancellor can't make maths schools add up |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/the-chancellor-cant-make-maths-schools-add-up/ |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=schoolsweek.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Siffofin makarantun lissafi == Makarantu kyauta ne, <ref name=":0"/> duk da haka sun bambanta ta hanyoyi da yawa. An hana makarantu kyauta shiga zaɓen ilimi bisa doka, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Do you know your free schools from your academies? Here's our guide to secondary schools in England |url=https://edcentral.uk/edblogreader/do-you-know-your-free-schools-from-your-academies-here-s-our-guide-to-secondary-schools-in-england |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=EdCentral |language=en-gb}}</ref> duk da haka duk makarantun lissafi suna zaɓe don haka an keɓe su daga wannan doka. Ba a buƙatar su bi Dokar Shiga Makaranta da Dokar Ƙoƙarin Shiga Makaranta ba. Makarantun lissafi, a mafi yawan lokuta, suna cikin tsoffin gine-gine da aka sake amfani da su waɗanda aka gyara da sake gyarawa. Kowace makarantar lissafi tana ƙarƙashin kulawar amintacciyar makarantar ilimi, <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Opening a 16 to 19 specialist maths school |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/822102/20190723_-_Proposer_guidance_-_maths_schools_-_update.pdf |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=assets.publishing.service.gov.uk}}</ref> jami'a ce ke ɗaukar nauyinta, kuma wani lokacin kuma, kwalejin aji shida ta gida ko kuma amintacciyar makarantar ilimi mai yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lancaster University School of Mathematics, Preston, Lancashire |url=https://lusom.ac.uk/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Lancaster University School of Mathematics |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exeter Maths School |url=https://www.facebook.com/exetermathematicsschool |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Exeter Mathematics School |language=en}}</ref> Kowace shekara, suna karɓar ƙarin £350,000 na kuɗi daga gwamnatin tsakiya. <ref name=":3" /> Manhajar makarantun lissafi na ƙwararru ana bayar da ita ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da jami'o'i masu tallafawa. Duk ɗaliban makarantun lissafi dole ne su yi karatun A-levels a fannin lissafi da ƙarin lissafi kuma yawanci suna nazarin cakuda; kimiyyar lissafi, sinadarai, ilmin halitta da kimiyyar kwamfuta. <ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=New measures announced to help boost the nation's skills |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-measures-announced-to-help-boost-the-nations-skills |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> An yi su ne kawai ga ɗalibai 'yan shekara 16 zuwa 19, yayin da makarantu na yau da kullun kyauta da sauran makarantu na iya yi wa ɗalibai hidima tun daga firamare zuwa gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Free schools: the basics {{!}} New Schools Network |url=https://www.newschoolsnetwork.org/free-schools-the-basics |access-date=2022-01-27 |website=www.newschoolsnetwork.org |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127161518/https://www.newschoolsnetwork.org/free-schools-the-basics |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2021 |title=What is an academy and what are the benefits? - The Education Hub |url=https://educationhub.blog.gov.uk/2021/10/14/what-is-an-academy-and-what-are-the-benefits/ |access-date=2022-01-27 |website=educationhub.blog.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ana buƙatar makarantun lissafi, a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban kasuwancinsu, don samar da manyan ayyukan wayar da kan jama'a - shirye-shiryen da ke taimakawa wajen kafa makarantun lissafi a matsayin cibiyoyin ƙwarewa. Ana haɓaka tsare-tsaren wayar da kan jama'a tare da haɗin gwiwar makarantu da kwalejoji na gida kuma suna da mahimmanci ga faɗaɗa alƙawarin jami'ar da ke ɗaukar nauyin makarantar lissafi. Suna ba da fifiko ga ɗaliban da ba su da galihu, musamman 'yan mata, kuma suna wayar da kan jama'a game da manhajar lissafi da makarantar za ta bayar ga ɗaliban da za su iya karatu, suna shirya su don nazarin ilimin lissafi mai zurfi. Shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a suna cike da cibiyoyin lissafi, hanyoyin sadarwa na shugabanci na yanki don inganta lissafi. <ref name=":3"/> == Tarihi == A watan Janairun 2017, Firayim Minista [[Theresa May]] ta sanar da niyyarta ga kowace birni ta Birtaniya ta sami makarantar lissafi. An ware kasafin kuɗi na fam miliyan 170 don wannan dalili. A watan Nuwamban 2017, Shugaban Ma'ajiyar Kuɗi Philip Hammond ya ba da asusun shekara-shekara na fam 350,000 ga kowace makarantar lissafi. A watan Maris na 2017, Ministan Makarantu, Nick Gibb, ya haɓaka makarantun lissafi, yana roƙon jami'o'i da yawa su kafa su. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top universities urged to open new maths schools |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/top-universities-urged-to-open-new-maths-schools |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2019, Sakataren Ilimi Gavin Williamson ya sanar da shirin kafa wasu makarantun lissafi na musamman guda tara (wanda jimilla ya kai goma sha ɗaya), inda huɗu suka riga suka fara ci gaba a Cambridge, Lancaster, Liverpool da Surrey. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Williamson: A revolution in further education - delivering for the forgotten 50 per cent |url=https://policymogul.com/monitor/key-updates/4934/williamson-a-revolution-in-further-education-delivering-for-the-forgotten-50-per-cent |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=policymogul.com |language=en}}</ref> A taron Jam'iyyar Conservative na 2019, an sanar da cewa makarantar lissafi goma sha ɗaya za ta ƙunshi aƙalla ɗaya a kowace yanki na Ingila kuma an tabbatar da kafa ɗaya a Durham. <ref name="CPC 2019">{{Cite web |date=3 October 2019 |title=Conservative Party Conference 2019: Expanding specialist Maths Free Schools |url=https://www.wbca.org.uk/news/conservative-party-conference-2019-expanding-specialist-maths-free-schools |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=West Berkshire Conservatives |language=en |archive-date=2022-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126223709/https://www.wbca.org.uk/news/conservative-party-conference-2019-expanding-specialist-maths-free-schools |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ƙarfafa waɗannan tsare-tsaren a watan Maris na 2020 lokacin da Chancellor [[Rishi Sunak]] ya fitar da kasafin kuɗin wannan shekarar . Kasafin kuɗin ya ware fam miliyan 7 don kafa waɗannan makarantun lissafi. Ƙarin ci gaba a 2020 sun haɗa da sanarwar makarantar lissafi ta biyu a London a watan Yuli, <ref name="ICLMS">{{Cite web |last=Joanna Wilson |date=8 July 2020 |title=New maths school targeting underrepresented groups to be developed by Imperial {{!}} Imperial News {{!}} Imperial College London |url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/199315/new-maths-school-targeting-underrepresented-groups/ |website=Imperial News}}</ref> buɗe makarantar lissafi ta uku, Makarantar Lissafi ta Jami'ar Liverpool, a watan Satumba, da kuma sanarwar makarantar lissafi a Leeds a watan Nuwamba. An buɗe ƙarin makarantun lissafi tun daga 2022. Duk da haka, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta dakatar da shirin buɗe makarantu a Durham da Nottingham a watan Oktoba na 2024 a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake duba shirye-shiryen makarantu kyauta; <ref>{{Cite web |title=AcadMathSci gives evidence in a House of Lords Science & Technology Committee session – April 2025 |url=https://durham-mathematics-school.org.uk/acadmathsci-gives-evidence-in-a-house-of-lords-science-technology-committee-session-april-2025/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=Durham Maths School}}</ref> an ɗage dakatarwar a watan Disamba na 2025, amma ba tare da sabbin ranakun buɗewa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2025 |title=Durham University welcomes Government backing for new mathematics school |url=https://www.durham.ac.uk/news-events/latest-news/2025/12/durham-university-welcomes-government-backing-for-new-mathematics-school/ |website=Durham University}}</ref> == Jerin makarantun lissafi na yanzu da waɗanda aka amince da su a nan gaba == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year of opening !Name of maths school !Abbreviation !Region !Sponsoring organisation(s) |- |2014<ref name="Umaths">{{Cite web |title=Member Schools |url=https://umaths.ac.uk/member-schools/ |access-date=15 December 2025 |website=The U-Maths Network}}</ref> |King's College London Mathematics School |KCLMS |London |King's College London |- |2014<ref name="Umaths" /> |Exeter Mathematics School |EMS |South West |University of Exeter and Exeter College |- |2020<ref name="Umaths" /> |University of Liverpool Mathematics School |ULMaS |North West |University of Liverpool |- |2022<ref name="Umaths" /> |Lancaster University School of Mathematics |LUSoM |North West |Lancaster University and Cardinal Newman College |- |2023<ref name="Umaths" /> |[[Cambridge Mathematics School]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome |url=https://cms.tela.org.uk/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Cambridge Maths School |language=en-GB}}</ref> |CMS |East of England |University of Cambridge and the [[Eastern Learning Alliance]] |- |2023<ref name="Umaths" /> |[[Imperial College London Mathematics School]]<ref name="ICLMS"/> |ICLMS |London |Imperial College London and Woodhouse College |- |2023<ref name="Umaths" /> |[[Leeds Mathematics School]] |LMaS |Yorkshire and the Humber |University of Leeds and [[Gorse Academies Trust]] |- |2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome from Our Co-Headteachers |url=https://surreymathsschool.co.uk/283/welcome-from-our-co-headteachers |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=Surrey Maths School}}</ref> |Surrey Mathematics School<ref name="SuMS">{{Cite web |date=21 May 2019 |title=New specialist Maths School for Guildford gets Government green light to proceed |url=https://www.surrey.ac.uk/news/new-specialist-maths-school-guildford-gets-government-green-light-proceed |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=University of Surrey}}</ref> |SuMS |South East |University of Surrey and [[Learning Partners Academy Trust]] |- |2025<ref name="Umaths" /> |Aston University Mathematics School<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aston University Maths School {{!}} Aston University |url=https://www.aston.ac.uk/aums |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=www.aston.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> |AUMS |West Midlands |Aston University |- |T.B.A.<ref name="Umaths" /> |[[University of Nottingham Mathematics School]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=School |first=University of Nottingham Maths |title=THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM MATHS SCHOOL |url=https://uonms.org/ |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM MATHS SCHOOL |language=en-GB}}</ref> |UoNMS |East Midlands |University of Nottingham and [[East Midlands Education Trust]] |- |T.B.A.<ref name="Umaths" /> |[[Durham Mathematics School]]<ref name="CPC 2019"/> |DMS |North East |Durham University and Durham Sixth Form Centre |} == Manazarta == hzgahr5952gi5j1x0p4kaz0s5w0jelf 0 161030 888419 880633 2026-07-28T10:33:44Z Featherdiamond 46529 888419 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine]] an sami sojojin haya da ‘yan sa kai daga [[:en:Foreign_volunteers|Masu sa kai na kasashen waje]] '''i'''nda suka shiga yaƙin domin taya ko taimakawa bangarorin biyu. Yawancin mayaƙan ƙasashen waje sun shiga yaƙin ne  a daya daga cikin yaƙi biyu da aka yi tsakanin ƙasashen biyu. Yaƙi na farko shine [[:en:War_in_Donbas|yaƙi a Donbas]] wanda ya faru daga shekarar 2014 zuwa shekarar 2019 domin an sami sojojin haya ko ace na ƙasashen waje kemanin mayaƙa kasashe 17,241.<ref>{{cite report|title=White Supremacy Extremism: The Transnational Rise of the Violent White Supremacist Movement|publisher=The Soufan Center|date=September 2019|url=https://thesoufancenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Report-by-The-Soufan-Center-White-Supremacy-Extremism-The-Transnational-Rise-of-The-Violent-White-Supremacist-Movement.pdf|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> Masu bincike sun bayyan cewa yaƙi na biyu wato wanda aka fara a shekarar 2022 bayan [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|mamayar Rasha a Ukraine]] cewa shine yafi griman yawan mayaƙa daga ƙasashen waje. yaƙin ya ga mutane na kasashe daban-daban sun shiga a matasayin sojoji, misali Ukraine ta kafa rundunar yan ƙasashen waje da Rasha ta dauki ma'aikata da ta dinga turawa fagen yaƙi. == Sharar fage == [[:en:Russo-Ukraine_War|Yaƙin biyu da ƙasashen Russo-Ukraine]] sukai an sami shigar mayaƙan ƙasashen waje: Akwai rikunin da suka shiga shekarar yaƙin a shekarar 2014 wasu sun shiga cikin bataliyoyin sa kai na Ukraine sai kuma wadanda suka shiga bangaren ‘yan awaren Donbas masu goyon bayan Rasha wanda ya haddasa [[:en:War_in_Donbas|yanƙin Donbas]]. Sai kuma na biyu a shekarar 2022 inda wasu yan ƙasashen waje suka shiga domin taya [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|Rasha mamayar Ukraine,]] wasu kuma suka shiga yaƙin domin taya Ukraine kare iyakokin ta. === Yaƙin Donbas === Aikin mayaƙan ƙasashen waje a yaƙin shekarar 2014 ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci, wani mai bincike mai suna Kacper Rekawek ya rubuta, "mayaƙa daga ƙasashen waje sun shiga yaƙin a lokacin rani na shekarar 2014, kuma mafi yawansu sun bar Ukraine a shekara ta 2015, koda yake wasu ‘yan kadan sun dawo daga baya, tare zama din-din-din a Ukraine." A ƙarshen shekara ta 2015, Rekawek ya lura, "duka bangarorin biyu sun ɗauki matakai na sanya sojojin haya cikin rukunin sojojin wanda ya kai suka haɗa su a cikin rukunin bataliyan sojoji. Ƙasashen biyu sun kawo ƙarshen daukar sojojin haya da na ƙasashen waje a shekarar 2015.<ref name="18March2022-12Points" /> Wani bincike na mayaƙan ƙasashen waje da Arkadiusz Legkien, Babban Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Harkokin Kasashen Duniya ta [[Poland]], ya kiyasta cewa kimanin mayaƙan daga ƙasashen duniya 17,241 suka yi yaƙi a Ukraine tsakanin 2014 da 2019. Mayaƙa 3,879 daga cikin wadannan mayaƙan ƙasashen waje sun goyi bayan Ukraine kuma sun shiga rundunonin masu sa kai na ƙasashen waje. Mafi girman rukuni na mayakan ƙasashen waje a Ukraine sun kasance 'yan sa kai 3,000 daga Rasha. Rikunin sojojin ƙasar waje na biyu mafi girma ya ƙunshi kemanin [[:en:Belarusians|'Yan Belarus]] 300. Rukuni na uku mafi girma ya ƙunshi [[Mutanen Georgia|'Yan Georgia]] 120. Sauran mayaƙan ƙasar waje da suka zarta 50 sune yan ƙasar [[Kroatiya|Croatia]], wanda suka kai kimanin mayaka 60. Sauran ƙasashen da 'yan ƙasarsu suka goyi bayan Ukraine sun haɗa da [[Albaniya|Albania]] (15), [[Asturaliya|Australia]] (5), [[Austriya|Austria]] (35), [[Azerbaijan]] (20), [[Beljik|Belgium]] (1), [[Bosnia da Herzegovina]] (5), [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] (6), [[Kanada]] (10), [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]] (5), [[Denmark]] (15), [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (10), [[Finland]] (15), [[Faransa]] (15), [[Jamus]] (15), [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] (2), [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Ireland]] (7), [[Isra'ila]] (15), [[Italiya]] (35), [[Laitfiya|Latvia]] (8), [[Moldufiniya|Moldova]] (15), [[:en:Kosovo|Kosovo]] (4), [[Holand|Netherlands]] (3), [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Macedonia]] (4), [[Norway]] (10), [[Poland]] (10), [[Portugal]] (1), [[Romainiya|Romania]] (4), [[Serbiya|Serbia]] (6), [[Slofakiya|Slovakia]] (25), [[Turkiyya]] (30), [[Ingila]] (10), da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] (15). === Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine === Kaddamar da harin [[:en:2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022]] ya haddasa ƙaruwar yawan sojojin haya da sojojin ƙasashen waje [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|a yaƙ]]<nowiki/>in.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Kwana biyu a fara mamayar da Rasha tayi gwamnatin Ukraine ta sanar da samar da [[:en:International_Legion_of_Territorial_Defense_of_Ukraine|sashen sojojin ƙasashen waje]] a hukumance., Wannan mataki anyi zargin cewa ya sami goyon bayan wasu ƙasashe bayan da shugabannin sukai wasu kalamai masu harshen damo.<ref name="EstoniaParliamentaryDebate">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2022 |title=Parliamentary groups debate allowing Estonian citizens to fight in Ukraine |url=https://news.err.ee/1608515537/parliamentary-groups-debate-allowing-estonian-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303101335/https://news.err.ee/1608515537/parliamentary-groups-debate-allowing-estonian-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine |archive-date=3 March 2022 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=[[Eesti Rahvusringhääling]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Saeima moves to let Latvians fight for Ukraine without fear of prosecution |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/saeima/saeima-moves-to-let-latvians-fight-for-ukraine-without-fear-of-prosecution.a445637/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228105104/https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/saeima/saeima-moves-to-let-latvians-fight-for-ukraine-without-fear-of-prosecution.a445637/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=[[Lsm.lv]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=UK's Liz Truss: I support Brits who take up arms against Putin |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-united-kingdom-russia-war-liz-truss-support-brits-arms-against-vladimir-putin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304112000/https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-united-kingdom-russia-war-liz-truss-support-brits-arms-against-vladimir-putin/ |archive-date=4 March 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Ya dai kasance sashen sojin haya daga Georgia da ake kira da [[:en:Georgian_Legion_(Ukraine)|Georgian Legion]] a kuma wadanda suke daga ƙasar Belarusia wanda ake kira [[:en:Kastuś_Kalinoŭski_Regiment|Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment]] An dai ga [[:en:President_of_Russia|Shugaban Rasha]] [[Vladimir Putin]] yya fito karara yana yin marhaba tare da kiran sojojin kasashen waje domin su shiga yakin don taya Rasha. Akasarin sojojin kasashen waje da suka isa Rasha domin taya ta yako an sanya su ne a [[:en:Prizrak_Brigade|Brigade na Prizrak]] . ==== Masu sa kai da ma'aikata na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka ==== Bayan harin da Rasha ta kai a shekarar 2022, jami'an leƙen asirin Amurka da Ukraine sun yi zargin cewa Rasha ta nemi hayar da kuma tura mayakan da ta riga ta tura daga dakarun da take tallafawa a wurare kamar [[Siriya]], [[Libya]], da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] karkashin umurnin sojojin soja masu zaman kansu na Wagner Group.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borger |first=Julian |date=7 March 2022 |title=Russia trying to recruit Syrians to fight in Ukraine, says Pentagon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-trying-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-in-ukraine-says-pentagon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804053927/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-trying-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-in-ukraine-says-pentagon |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="HireLibyansSerbians">{{Cite web |last=Starr |first=Michael |date=5 May 2022 |title=Russia to bring Libyan, Serbian mercenaries to Ukraine - Ukrainian sources |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-701150 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816034552/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-701150 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref name="CARRebels">{{Cite web |last=Obaji Jr. |first=Philip |date=24 March 2022 |title=Insiders Warn Notorious Foreign Rebels to Fight With Russia in Ukraine |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/central-african-republic-officials-warn-notorious-union-for-peace-rebels-to-join-putins-war-in-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819222844/https://www.thedailybeast.com/central-african-republic-officials-warn-notorious-union-for-peace-rebels-to-join-putins-war-in-ukraine |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=The Daily Beast}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa mayakan sun hada da wadanda ke goyon bayan [[Siriya|Gwamnatin Siriya]], [[:en:Union_for_Peace_in_the_Central_African_Republic|Kungiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Afirka ta Tsakiya,]] da kuma Sojojin Libya masu goyon bayan [[Khalifa Haftar]]. <ref name="CARRebels" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waters |first=Gregory |date=16 March 2022 |title=Will Russia deploy Syrian fighters to Ukraine? |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/will-russia-deploy-syrian-fighters-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920140835/https://www.mei.edu/publications/will-russia-deploy-syrian-fighters-ukraine |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Middle East Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=21 March 2022 |title=Ukraine says Libya's Haftar is sending fighters to support Russia |url=https://africatimes.com/2022/03/21/ukraine-says-libyas-haftar-is-sending-fighters-to-support-russia/ |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Africa Times }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Libya sun musanta cewa duk wani ma'aikatansu dake yaƙi da Rasha a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Assad |first=Abdulkader |date=24 March 2022 |title=Haftar forces' spokesman denies sending Libyan mercenaries to fight alongside Russia |url=https://libyaalahrar.net/haftar-forces-spokesman-denies-sending-libyan-mercenaries-to-fight-alongside-russia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819222838/https://libyaalahrar.net/haftar-forces-spokesman-denies-sending-libyan-mercenaries-to-fight-alongside-russia/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Libya Alahrar}}</ref> Itama ma kungiyar [[Hezbollah]] dake kasar [[:en:Lebanon|Labanon]] ta musanta aikawa da mayaka zuwa Rasha domin yakar Ukraine bayan Janar Janar na Sojojin Ukraine sun zargi wasu daga cikin mambobin su da kasancewa daga cikin 'yan kwangila 1,000 na Siriya da ake zargi da hayar su don yin yaƙi a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haboush |first=Joseph |date=18 March 2022 |title=Hezbollah denies sending fighters to Ukraine in support of Russian invasion |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/03/18/Hezbollah-denies-sending-fighters-to-Ukraine-in-support-of-Russian-invasion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328200035/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/03/18/Hezbollah-denies-sending-fighters-to-Ukraine-in-support-of-Russian-invasion |archive-date=28 March 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Alarabiya News}}</ref> Kafofin yada labarai na Turkiyya da 'yar jarida Vera Mironova sun yi zargin cewa mambobin [[:en:Kurdistan_Workers'_Party|Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Kurdistan]] da [[:en:People's_Defense_Units|Rukunin Tsaro na Jama'a]] (duka suna da alaƙa da [[:en:Kurdistan_Communities_Union|Kungiyar Al'ummomin Kurdistan]]) suna fada a matsayin ma'aikata ga sojojin Rasha.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 March 2022 |title=YPG/PKK terror group reportedly fighting alongside Russia in Ukraine |url=https://www.trtworld.com/europe/ypg-pkk-terror-group-reportedly-fighting-alongside-russia-in-ukraine-55642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819231504/https://www.trtworld.com/europe/ypg-pkk-terror-group-reportedly-fighting-alongside-russia-in-ukraine-55642 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=TRT World}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, [[:en:Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights|Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Siriya]] ta ba da rahoton cewa an kashe sojoji 5 na Sojojin Larabawa na [[:en:25th_Special_Mission_Forces_Division|25th Special Mission Forces Division]] suna fada don Rasha a lokacin yakin kudancin Ukraine na shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2022 |title=Russia-Ukraine war {{!}} Five Syrian fighters of Special Task Forces of 25th Division killed on Kherson front |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/270217/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006004040/https://www.syriahr.com/en/270217/ |archive-date=6 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, [[:en:Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights|Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Siriya]] ta ba da rahoton cewa an tura sojoji kasa da 2000 na [[:en:Syrian_Arab_Army|Sojojin Larabawa na Siriya]], musamman [[:en:25th_Special_Mission_Forces_Division|25th Special Mission Forces Division]], don yin yaƙi a madadin Rasha a Ukraine. SOHR ta sami takarda da ake zargi daga [[Siriya|Gwamnatin Siriya,]] inda ta bayyana kasafin kudin Sojojin Siriya da albashin da ke shafar sojojin Siriya a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2022 |title=Russian-Ukraine war {{!}} Confidential document, obtained by SOHR, confirming 25th Division participation in special task alongside Russia |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/285134/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118112537/https://www.syriahr.com/en/285134/ |archive-date=18 January 2023 |access-date=18 January 2022 |website=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> Wannan rahoto ya yadu matuka a watan Oktoba 2022 cewa kungiyar Wagner ta yi ƙoƙari ta dauki tsoffin mambobin rundunar [[:en:Afghan_National_Army_Commando_Corps|sojin Afghanistan da Amurka]] ta horar wanda ta ɓace bayan da [[Tashin Hankalin Taliban|Taliban]] ta karbe ikon shugabancin kasar  a watan Agusta 2021. A watan Yunin 2024, Bloomberg ya ba da rahoton cewa Rasha tana tsare da tilasta wa 'yan Afirka a kan biza na aiki su yanke shawara tsakanin korarsu ko fada a yakin. <ref name="c816">{{Cite web |last=Nardelli |first=Alberto |last2=Wickham |first2=Alex |last3=Verbianyi |first3=Volodymyr |date=9 June 2024 |title=Russia Is Sending Young Africans to Die in Its War Against Ukraine |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-09/russia-ukraine-war-africans-forced-to-fight-and-die-for-the-kremlin?embedded-checkout=true |access-date=24 July 2024 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> ===== Afirka ta Kudu ===== A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2025, The Guardian ta ruwaito cewa Afirka ta Kudu ta kaddamar da bincike kan 'yan Afirka ta Kudu 17 da ke Donbas, gabashin Ukraine. Ofishin shugaban Afirka ta Kudu, [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], ya ce ya karbi kiran gaggawa daga mutane, maza masu shekaru tsakanin 20 zuwa 39, waɗanda aka "yaudare su shiga rundunar sojin haya da ke cikin yakin Ukraine da Rasha a ƙarƙashin alkawarin aiki mai kyau". Koda yake ba a bayyana wane bangare suke fada ba, kasancewarsu a yankin da Rasha ta fi mamayewa, da kuma ambaton cewa alkawuran kudi sun ja hankalin su da karfi ya nuna cewa Rasha ce ta dauke su aiki.<ref name="i918">{{Cite web |last=Hawkins |first=Amy |last2=Sauer |first2=Pjotr |date=6 November 2025 |title=South Africa launches investigation into 17 citizens fighting in Ukraine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/06/south-africa-investigation-citizens-fighting-ukraine-russia-war-mercenaries |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> An kama mutane takwas da ake zargi da hannu wajen yaudarar matasan zuwa Rasha da shiga sojojin haya, ciki har da wani dan majalisa mai suna [[:en:Duduzile_Zuma-Sambudla|Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla]] da mai gabatar da shirin radiyo na [[:en:SAfm|SAfm]] Nonkululeko Mantula, yayin da ita kuma Zuma-sambudla ta yi murabus daga majalisa saboda zargin. ===== Kenya ===== A watan Nuwambar shekarar 2025, kasar [[Kenya]] ta ce sama da ‘yan kasar ta 200 ne suke taya Rasha yaki a Ukraine. Ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Kenya tace masu yaudarar matasa shiga sojojin hayar Rasha na cigaba da yaudarar matasan Kenya shiga yakin, sannan an sami nasarar ceto wasu a kusa da [[Nairobi]] yayin da ake shirin fitar dasu zuwa Rasha, bayan da aka yaudare su da batun aiki mai kyau ba shiga aikin soja ba.<ref name="v635">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2025 |title=Kenya says over 200 of its nationals are fighting for Russia in Ukraine war |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/kenya-says-over-200-its-nationals-are-fighting-russia-ukraine-war-2025-11-12/ |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun shekarar 2026, hukumar leken asiri ta kasar Kenya [[:en:National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)|Kenyan National Intelligence Service]] ta rawaito cewa yawan ‘yan Kenya da aka yaudara suka tafi Rasha kuma a tura fagen yaki sun kai 1000.<ref name="l333">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2026 |title=Intelligence report says 1,000 Kenyans were recruited to fight for Russia in Ukraine |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-russia-ukraine-army-recruits-82c48fb68edf130dc080385b0d3d5887 |access-date=19 February 2026 |website=AP News}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Maris 2026, ministan harkokin wajen Kenya [[:en:Musalia_Mudavadi|Musalia Mudavadi]] syace Rasha tayi alkawarin daina daukar ‘yan Kenya a matsayin sojojin haya ko shiga soji, hakan ya faru ne bayan tattaunawa da fahimtar juna da sukayi da ministan harkokin wajen Rasha [[:en:Sergei_Lavrov|Sergei Lavrov]]. A cewar ministan na Kenya Mudavadi, sama da kamfanoni 600 ne gwamnatin kasar ta rufe saboda zargin yaudara da kuma tura yan kasar zuwa Rasha. Sai dai gidan jaridar ''[[Africanews]]'', tace babu tabbacin yawan ‘yan Kenya da suka rasa ransu yayin taya Rasha yaki, haka zalika ‘yan uwan wadanda suka tafi Rasha suna cigaba da neman bahasi daga hukumomin Rasha kan ko yan uwansu na raye sannan a wanne hali suke.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2026 |title=Kenya says Russia will stop recruiting its citizens to fight in Ukraine |url=https://www.africanews.com/amp/2026/03/16/kenya-says-russia-will-stop-recruiting-its-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Africanews}}</ref> A watan Janairun shekarar 2026, bidiyo ya yadu a kafafen sada zumunta sosai wanda nuna sojojin haya daga Afirka tare da sojojin Rasha. A daya daga cikin bidiyon, an zargi Rasha da ɗaure nakiya a kirjin wani sojin haya daga Afirka, tare nuna masa bindiga domin tilasta shi fita fagen daga, sannan a bidiyon anji sojin Rasha na kalaman wariyar launin fata suna kuma fadawa sojan hayar cewa ana amfani da shi a matsayin "mai buɗewa". Wani bidiyon da aka wallafa ya nuna wani rukunin sojin haya daga Afirka a cikin gandun daji suna raira waƙa a cikin yarensu, yayin da sojan Rasha da ke daukar bidiyon din ya yi musu dariya kuma ya ce "dubi wadannan abubuwan sharar" kuma “za su raira waƙa daban-daban" lokacin da aka tura su fagen daga.<ref name="x337">{{Cite web |last=Farmer |first=Ben |date=12 January 2026 |title=Russia forces African recruits to become suicide bombers |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/01/12/russia-using-africans-cannon-fodder-ukraine/?WT.mc_id=tmgoff_reddit_using-africans-cannon-fodder-ukraine/ |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref name="t373">{{Cite web |last=Gulayeva |first=Olena |date=12 January 2026 |title=Russian assault troops dance and sing African songs before battle: "Look how many disposable ones there are. Joyful. Now they'll go to bay and sing differently". VIDEO |url=https://censor.net/en/videonews/3594974/african-mercenaries-in-the-russian-army-video-before-the-attack |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=Censor.NET}}</ref> == Madogara == 927ezl8vxo9jsfa9qoi5lj0mh0dbf9p 888428 888419 2026-07-28T10:37:17Z Featherdiamond 46529 888428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine]] an sami sojojin haya da ‘yan sa kai daga [[:en:Foreign_volunteers|Masu sa kai na kasashen waje]] '''i'''nda suka shiga yaƙin domin taya ko taimakawa bangarorin biyu. Yawancin mayaƙan ƙasashen waje sun shiga yaƙin ne  a daya daga cikin yaƙi biyu da aka yi tsakanin ƙasashen biyu. Yaƙi na farko shine [[:en:War_in_Donbas|yaƙi a Donbas]] wanda ya faru daga shekarar 2014 zuwa shekarar 2019 domin an sami sojojin haya ko ace na ƙasashen waje kemanin mayaƙa kasashe 17,241.<ref>{{cite report|title=White Supremacy Extremism: The Transnational Rise of the Violent White Supremacist Movement|publisher=The Soufan Center|date=September 2019|url=https://thesoufancenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Report-by-The-Soufan-Center-White-Supremacy-Extremism-The-Transnational-Rise-of-The-Violent-White-Supremacist-Movement.pdf|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> Masu bincike sun bayyan cewa yaƙi na biyu wato wanda aka fara a shekarar 2022 bayan [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|mamayar Rasha a Ukraine]] cewa shine yafi griman yawan mayaƙa daga ƙasashen waje. yaƙin ya ga mutane na kasashe daban-daban sun shiga a matasayin sojoji, misali Ukraine ta kafa rundunar yan ƙasashen waje da Rasha ta dauki ma'aikata da ta dinga turawa fagen yaƙi. == Sharar fage == [[:en:Russo-Ukraine_War|Yaƙin biyu da ƙasashen Russo-Ukraine]] sukai an sami shigar mayaƙan ƙasashen waje: Akwai rikunin da suka shiga shekarar yaƙin a shekarar 2014 wasu sun shiga cikin bataliyoyin sa kai na Ukraine sai kuma wadanda suka shiga bangaren ‘yan awaren Donbas masu goyon bayan Rasha wanda ya haddasa [[:en:War_in_Donbas|yanƙin Donbas]]. Sai kuma na biyu a shekarar 2022 inda wasu yan ƙasashen waje suka shiga domin taya [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|Rasha mamayar Ukraine,]] wasu kuma suka shiga yaƙin domin taya Ukraine kare iyakokin ta. === Yaƙin Donbas === Aikin mayaƙan ƙasashen waje a yaƙin shekarar 2014 ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci, wani mai bincike mai suna Kacper Rekawek ya rubuta, "mayaƙa daga ƙasashen waje sun shiga yaƙin a lokacin rani na shekarar 2014, kuma mafi yawansu sun bar Ukraine a shekara ta 2015, koda yake wasu ‘yan kadan sun dawo daga baya, tare zama din-din-din a Ukraine." A ƙarshen shekara ta 2015, Rekawek ya lura, "duka bangarorin biyu sun ɗauki matakai na sanya sojojin haya cikin rukunin sojojin wanda ya kai suka haɗa su a cikin rukunin bataliyan sojoji. Ƙasashen biyu sun kawo ƙarshen daukar sojojin haya da na ƙasashen waje a shekarar 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rękawek |first=Kacper |date=March 18, 2022 |title=Ukraine's Foreign Legion: 12 important points |url=https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/news-and-events/right-now/2022/ukraine%E2%80%99s-foreign-legion-.html |access-date=March 19, 2022 |work=C-REX – Center for Research on Extremism |publisher=University of Oslo}}</ref> Wani bincike na mayaƙan ƙasashen waje da Arkadiusz Legkien, Babban Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Harkokin Kasashen Duniya ta [[Poland]], ya kiyasta cewa kimanin mayaƙan daga ƙasashen duniya 17,241 suka yi yaƙi a Ukraine tsakanin 2014 da 2019. Mayaƙa 3,879 daga cikin wadannan mayaƙan ƙasashen waje sun goyi bayan Ukraine kuma sun shiga rundunonin masu sa kai na ƙasashen waje. Mafi girman rukuni na mayakan ƙasashen waje a Ukraine sun kasance 'yan sa kai 3,000 daga Rasha. Rikunin sojojin ƙasar waje na biyu mafi girma ya ƙunshi kemanin [[:en:Belarusians|'Yan Belarus]] 300. Rukuni na uku mafi girma ya ƙunshi [[Mutanen Georgia|'Yan Georgia]] 120. Sauran mayaƙan ƙasar waje da suka zarta 50 sune yan ƙasar [[Kroatiya|Croatia]], wanda suka kai kimanin mayaka 60. Sauran ƙasashen da 'yan ƙasarsu suka goyi bayan Ukraine sun haɗa da [[Albaniya|Albania]] (15), [[Asturaliya|Australia]] (5), [[Austriya|Austria]] (35), [[Azerbaijan]] (20), [[Beljik|Belgium]] (1), [[Bosnia da Herzegovina]] (5), [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] (6), [[Kanada]] (10), [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]] (5), [[Denmark]] (15), [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (10), [[Finland]] (15), [[Faransa]] (15), [[Jamus]] (15), [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] (2), [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Ireland]] (7), [[Isra'ila]] (15), [[Italiya]] (35), [[Laitfiya|Latvia]] (8), [[Moldufiniya|Moldova]] (15), [[:en:Kosovo|Kosovo]] (4), [[Holand|Netherlands]] (3), [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Macedonia]] (4), [[Norway]] (10), [[Poland]] (10), [[Portugal]] (1), [[Romainiya|Romania]] (4), [[Serbiya|Serbia]] (6), [[Slofakiya|Slovakia]] (25), [[Turkiyya]] (30), [[Ingila]] (10), da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] (15). === Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine === Kaddamar da harin [[:en:2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022]] ya haddasa ƙaruwar yawan sojojin haya da sojojin ƙasashen waje [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|a yaƙ]]<nowiki/>in.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Kwana biyu a fara mamayar da Rasha tayi gwamnatin Ukraine ta sanar da samar da [[:en:International_Legion_of_Territorial_Defense_of_Ukraine|sashen sojojin ƙasashen waje]] a hukumance., Wannan mataki anyi zargin cewa ya sami goyon bayan wasu ƙasashe bayan da shugabannin sukai wasu kalamai masu harshen damo.<ref name="EstoniaParliamentaryDebate">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2022 |title=Parliamentary groups debate allowing Estonian citizens to fight in Ukraine |url=https://news.err.ee/1608515537/parliamentary-groups-debate-allowing-estonian-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303101335/https://news.err.ee/1608515537/parliamentary-groups-debate-allowing-estonian-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine |archive-date=3 March 2022 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=[[Eesti Rahvusringhääling]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Saeima moves to let Latvians fight for Ukraine without fear of prosecution |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/saeima/saeima-moves-to-let-latvians-fight-for-ukraine-without-fear-of-prosecution.a445637/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228105104/https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/saeima/saeima-moves-to-let-latvians-fight-for-ukraine-without-fear-of-prosecution.a445637/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=[[Lsm.lv]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=UK's Liz Truss: I support Brits who take up arms against Putin |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-united-kingdom-russia-war-liz-truss-support-brits-arms-against-vladimir-putin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304112000/https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-united-kingdom-russia-war-liz-truss-support-brits-arms-against-vladimir-putin/ |archive-date=4 March 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Ya dai kasance sashen sojin haya daga Georgia da ake kira da [[:en:Georgian_Legion_(Ukraine)|Georgian Legion]] a kuma wadanda suke daga ƙasar Belarusia wanda ake kira [[:en:Kastuś_Kalinoŭski_Regiment|Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment]] An dai ga [[:en:President_of_Russia|Shugaban Rasha]] [[Vladimir Putin]] yya fito karara yana yin marhaba tare da kiran sojojin kasashen waje domin su shiga yakin don taya Rasha. Akasarin sojojin kasashen waje da suka isa Rasha domin taya ta yako an sanya su ne a [[:en:Prizrak_Brigade|Brigade na Prizrak]] . ==== Masu sa kai da ma'aikata na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka ==== Bayan harin da Rasha ta kai a shekarar 2022, jami'an leƙen asirin Amurka da Ukraine sun yi zargin cewa Rasha ta nemi hayar da kuma tura mayakan da ta riga ta tura daga dakarun da take tallafawa a wurare kamar [[Siriya]], [[Libya]], da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] karkashin umurnin sojojin soja masu zaman kansu na Wagner Group.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borger |first=Julian |date=7 March 2022 |title=Russia trying to recruit Syrians to fight in Ukraine, says Pentagon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-trying-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-in-ukraine-says-pentagon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804053927/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-trying-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-in-ukraine-says-pentagon |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="HireLibyansSerbians">{{Cite web |last=Starr |first=Michael |date=5 May 2022 |title=Russia to bring Libyan, Serbian mercenaries to Ukraine - Ukrainian sources |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-701150 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816034552/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-701150 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref name="CARRebels">{{Cite web |last=Obaji Jr. |first=Philip |date=24 March 2022 |title=Insiders Warn Notorious Foreign Rebels to Fight With Russia in Ukraine |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/central-african-republic-officials-warn-notorious-union-for-peace-rebels-to-join-putins-war-in-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819222844/https://www.thedailybeast.com/central-african-republic-officials-warn-notorious-union-for-peace-rebels-to-join-putins-war-in-ukraine |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=The Daily Beast}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa mayakan sun hada da wadanda ke goyon bayan [[Siriya|Gwamnatin Siriya]], [[:en:Union_for_Peace_in_the_Central_African_Republic|Kungiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Afirka ta Tsakiya,]] da kuma Sojojin Libya masu goyon bayan [[Khalifa Haftar]]. <ref name="CARRebels" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waters |first=Gregory |date=16 March 2022 |title=Will Russia deploy Syrian fighters to Ukraine? |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/will-russia-deploy-syrian-fighters-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920140835/https://www.mei.edu/publications/will-russia-deploy-syrian-fighters-ukraine |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Middle East Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=21 March 2022 |title=Ukraine says Libya's Haftar is sending fighters to support Russia |url=https://africatimes.com/2022/03/21/ukraine-says-libyas-haftar-is-sending-fighters-to-support-russia/ |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Africa Times }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Libya sun musanta cewa duk wani ma'aikatansu dake yaƙi da Rasha a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Assad |first=Abdulkader |date=24 March 2022 |title=Haftar forces' spokesman denies sending Libyan mercenaries to fight alongside Russia |url=https://libyaalahrar.net/haftar-forces-spokesman-denies-sending-libyan-mercenaries-to-fight-alongside-russia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819222838/https://libyaalahrar.net/haftar-forces-spokesman-denies-sending-libyan-mercenaries-to-fight-alongside-russia/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Libya Alahrar}}</ref> Itama ma kungiyar [[Hezbollah]] dake kasar [[:en:Lebanon|Labanon]] ta musanta aikawa da mayaka zuwa Rasha domin yakar Ukraine bayan Janar Janar na Sojojin Ukraine sun zargi wasu daga cikin mambobin su da kasancewa daga cikin 'yan kwangila 1,000 na Siriya da ake zargi da hayar su don yin yaƙi a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haboush |first=Joseph |date=18 March 2022 |title=Hezbollah denies sending fighters to Ukraine in support of Russian invasion |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/03/18/Hezbollah-denies-sending-fighters-to-Ukraine-in-support-of-Russian-invasion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328200035/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/03/18/Hezbollah-denies-sending-fighters-to-Ukraine-in-support-of-Russian-invasion |archive-date=28 March 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Alarabiya News}}</ref> Kafofin yada labarai na Turkiyya da 'yar jarida Vera Mironova sun yi zargin cewa mambobin [[:en:Kurdistan_Workers'_Party|Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Kurdistan]] da [[:en:People's_Defense_Units|Rukunin Tsaro na Jama'a]] (duka suna da alaƙa da [[:en:Kurdistan_Communities_Union|Kungiyar Al'ummomin Kurdistan]]) suna fada a matsayin ma'aikata ga sojojin Rasha.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 March 2022 |title=YPG/PKK terror group reportedly fighting alongside Russia in Ukraine |url=https://www.trtworld.com/europe/ypg-pkk-terror-group-reportedly-fighting-alongside-russia-in-ukraine-55642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819231504/https://www.trtworld.com/europe/ypg-pkk-terror-group-reportedly-fighting-alongside-russia-in-ukraine-55642 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=TRT World}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, [[:en:Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights|Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Siriya]] ta ba da rahoton cewa an kashe sojoji 5 na Sojojin Larabawa na [[:en:25th_Special_Mission_Forces_Division|25th Special Mission Forces Division]] suna fada don Rasha a lokacin yakin kudancin Ukraine na shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2022 |title=Russia-Ukraine war {{!}} Five Syrian fighters of Special Task Forces of 25th Division killed on Kherson front |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/270217/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006004040/https://www.syriahr.com/en/270217/ |archive-date=6 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, [[:en:Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights|Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Siriya]] ta ba da rahoton cewa an tura sojoji kasa da 2000 na [[:en:Syrian_Arab_Army|Sojojin Larabawa na Siriya]], musamman [[:en:25th_Special_Mission_Forces_Division|25th Special Mission Forces Division]], don yin yaƙi a madadin Rasha a Ukraine. SOHR ta sami takarda da ake zargi daga [[Siriya|Gwamnatin Siriya,]] inda ta bayyana kasafin kudin Sojojin Siriya da albashin da ke shafar sojojin Siriya a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2022 |title=Russian-Ukraine war {{!}} Confidential document, obtained by SOHR, confirming 25th Division participation in special task alongside Russia |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/285134/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118112537/https://www.syriahr.com/en/285134/ |archive-date=18 January 2023 |access-date=18 January 2022 |website=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> Wannan rahoto ya yadu matuka a watan Oktoba 2022 cewa kungiyar Wagner ta yi ƙoƙari ta dauki tsoffin mambobin rundunar [[:en:Afghan_National_Army_Commando_Corps|sojin Afghanistan da Amurka]] ta horar wanda ta ɓace bayan da [[Tashin Hankalin Taliban|Taliban]] ta karbe ikon shugabancin kasar  a watan Agusta 2021. A watan Yunin 2024, Bloomberg ya ba da rahoton cewa Rasha tana tsare da tilasta wa 'yan Afirka a kan biza na aiki su yanke shawara tsakanin korarsu ko fada a yakin. <ref name="c816">{{Cite web |last=Nardelli |first=Alberto |last2=Wickham |first2=Alex |last3=Verbianyi |first3=Volodymyr |date=9 June 2024 |title=Russia Is Sending Young Africans to Die in Its War Against Ukraine |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-09/russia-ukraine-war-africans-forced-to-fight-and-die-for-the-kremlin?embedded-checkout=true |access-date=24 July 2024 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> ===== Afirka ta Kudu ===== A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2025, The Guardian ta ruwaito cewa Afirka ta Kudu ta kaddamar da bincike kan 'yan Afirka ta Kudu 17 da ke Donbas, gabashin Ukraine. Ofishin shugaban Afirka ta Kudu, [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], ya ce ya karbi kiran gaggawa daga mutane, maza masu shekaru tsakanin 20 zuwa 39, waɗanda aka "yaudare su shiga rundunar sojin haya da ke cikin yakin Ukraine da Rasha a ƙarƙashin alkawarin aiki mai kyau". Koda yake ba a bayyana wane bangare suke fada ba, kasancewarsu a yankin da Rasha ta fi mamayewa, da kuma ambaton cewa alkawuran kudi sun ja hankalin su da karfi ya nuna cewa Rasha ce ta dauke su aiki.<ref name="i918">{{Cite web |last=Hawkins |first=Amy |last2=Sauer |first2=Pjotr |date=6 November 2025 |title=South Africa launches investigation into 17 citizens fighting in Ukraine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/06/south-africa-investigation-citizens-fighting-ukraine-russia-war-mercenaries |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> An kama mutane takwas da ake zargi da hannu wajen yaudarar matasan zuwa Rasha da shiga sojojin haya, ciki har da wani dan majalisa mai suna [[:en:Duduzile_Zuma-Sambudla|Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla]] da mai gabatar da shirin radiyo na [[:en:SAfm|SAfm]] Nonkululeko Mantula, yayin da ita kuma Zuma-sambudla ta yi murabus daga majalisa saboda zargin. ===== Kenya ===== A watan Nuwambar shekarar 2025, kasar [[Kenya]] ta ce sama da ‘yan kasar ta 200 ne suke taya Rasha yaki a Ukraine. Ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Kenya tace masu yaudarar matasa shiga sojojin hayar Rasha na cigaba da yaudarar matasan Kenya shiga yakin, sannan an sami nasarar ceto wasu a kusa da [[Nairobi]] yayin da ake shirin fitar dasu zuwa Rasha, bayan da aka yaudare su da batun aiki mai kyau ba shiga aikin soja ba.<ref name="v635">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2025 |title=Kenya says over 200 of its nationals are fighting for Russia in Ukraine war |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/kenya-says-over-200-its-nationals-are-fighting-russia-ukraine-war-2025-11-12/ |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun shekarar 2026, hukumar leken asiri ta kasar Kenya [[:en:National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)|Kenyan National Intelligence Service]] ta rawaito cewa yawan ‘yan Kenya da aka yaudara suka tafi Rasha kuma a tura fagen yaki sun kai 1000.<ref name="l333">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2026 |title=Intelligence report says 1,000 Kenyans were recruited to fight for Russia in Ukraine |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-russia-ukraine-army-recruits-82c48fb68edf130dc080385b0d3d5887 |access-date=19 February 2026 |website=AP News}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Maris 2026, ministan harkokin wajen Kenya [[:en:Musalia_Mudavadi|Musalia Mudavadi]] syace Rasha tayi alkawarin daina daukar ‘yan Kenya a matsayin sojojin haya ko shiga soji, hakan ya faru ne bayan tattaunawa da fahimtar juna da sukayi da ministan harkokin wajen Rasha [[:en:Sergei_Lavrov|Sergei Lavrov]]. A cewar ministan na Kenya Mudavadi, sama da kamfanoni 600 ne gwamnatin kasar ta rufe saboda zargin yaudara da kuma tura yan kasar zuwa Rasha. Sai dai gidan jaridar ''[[Africanews]]'', tace babu tabbacin yawan ‘yan Kenya da suka rasa ransu yayin taya Rasha yaki, haka zalika ‘yan uwan wadanda suka tafi Rasha suna cigaba da neman bahasi daga hukumomin Rasha kan ko yan uwansu na raye sannan a wanne hali suke.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2026 |title=Kenya says Russia will stop recruiting its citizens to fight in Ukraine |url=https://www.africanews.com/amp/2026/03/16/kenya-says-russia-will-stop-recruiting-its-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Africanews}}</ref> A watan Janairun shekarar 2026, bidiyo ya yadu a kafafen sada zumunta sosai wanda nuna sojojin haya daga Afirka tare da sojojin Rasha. A daya daga cikin bidiyon, an zargi Rasha da ɗaure nakiya a kirjin wani sojin haya daga Afirka, tare nuna masa bindiga domin tilasta shi fita fagen daga, sannan a bidiyon anji sojin Rasha na kalaman wariyar launin fata suna kuma fadawa sojan hayar cewa ana amfani da shi a matsayin "mai buɗewa". Wani bidiyon da aka wallafa ya nuna wani rukunin sojin haya daga Afirka a cikin gandun daji suna raira waƙa a cikin yarensu, yayin da sojan Rasha da ke daukar bidiyon din ya yi musu dariya kuma ya ce "dubi wadannan abubuwan sharar" kuma “za su raira waƙa daban-daban" lokacin da aka tura su fagen daga.<ref name="x337">{{Cite web |last=Farmer |first=Ben |date=12 January 2026 |title=Russia forces African recruits to become suicide bombers |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/01/12/russia-using-africans-cannon-fodder-ukraine/?WT.mc_id=tmgoff_reddit_using-africans-cannon-fodder-ukraine/ |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref name="t373">{{Cite web |last=Gulayeva |first=Olena |date=12 January 2026 |title=Russian assault troops dance and sing African songs before battle: "Look how many disposable ones there are. Joyful. Now they'll go to bay and sing differently". VIDEO |url=https://censor.net/en/videonews/3594974/african-mercenaries-in-the-russian-army-video-before-the-attack |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=Censor.NET}}</ref> == Madogara == kug5p79omwl6hv873mmgpzg9zmwz3el 888431 888428 2026-07-28T10:38:31Z Mahuta 11340 888431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine]] an sami sojojin haya da ‘yan sa kai daga [[:en:Foreign_volunteers|Masu sa kai na kasashen waje]] '''i'''nda suka shiga yaƙin domin taya ko taimakawa bangarorin biyu. Yawancin mayaƙan ƙasashen waje sun shiga yaƙin ne  a daya daga cikin yaƙi biyu da aka yi tsakanin ƙasashen biyu. Yaƙi na farko shine [[:en:War_in_Donbas|yaƙi a Donbas]] wanda ya faru daga shekarar 2014 zuwa shekarar 2019 domin an sami sojojin haya ko ace na ƙasashen waje kemanin mayaƙa kasashe 17,241.<ref>{{cite report|title=White Supremacy Extremism: The Transnational Rise of the Violent White Supremacist Movement|publisher=The Soufan Center|date=September 2019|url=https://thesoufancenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Report-by-The-Soufan-Center-White-Supremacy-Extremism-The-Transnational-Rise-of-The-Violent-White-Supremacist-Movement.pdf|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> Masu bincike sun bayyan cewa yaƙi na biyu wato wanda aka fara a shekarar 2022 bayan [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|mamayar Rasha a Ukraine]] cewa shine yafi griman yawan mayaƙa daga ƙasashen waje. yaƙin ya ga mutane na kasashe daban-daban sun shiga a matasayin sojoji, misali Ukraine ta kafa rundunar yan ƙasashen waje da Rasha ta dauki ma'aikata da ta dinga turawa fagen yaƙi. == Sharar fage == [[:en:Russo-Ukraine_War|Yaƙin biyu da ƙasashen Russo-Ukraine]] sukai an sami shigar mayaƙan ƙasashen waje: Akwai rikunin da suka shiga shekarar yaƙin a shekarar 2014 wasu sun shiga cikin bataliyoyin sa kai na Ukraine sai kuma wadanda suka shiga bangaren ‘yan awaren Donbas masu goyon bayan Rasha wanda ya haddasa [[:en:War_in_Donbas|yanƙin Donbas]]. Sai kuma na biyu a shekarar 2022 inda wasu yan ƙasashen waje suka shiga domin taya [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|Rasha mamayar Ukraine,]] wasu kuma suka shiga yaƙin domin taya Ukraine kare iyakokin ta. === Yaƙin Donbas === Aikin mayaƙan ƙasashen waje a yaƙin shekarar 2014 ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci, wani mai bincike mai suna Kacper Rekawek ya rubuta, "mayaƙa daga ƙasashen waje sun shiga yaƙin a lokacin rani na shekarar 2014, kuma mafi yawansu sun bar Ukraine a shekara ta 2015, koda yake wasu ‘yan kadan sun dawo daga baya, tare zama din-din-din a Ukraine." A ƙarshen shekara ta 2015, Rekawek ya lura, "duka bangarorin biyu sun ɗauki matakai na sanya sojojin haya cikin rukunin sojojin wanda ya kai suka haɗa su a cikin rukunin bataliyan sojoji. Ƙasashen biyu sun kawo ƙarshen daukar sojojin haya da na ƙasashen waje a shekarar 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rękawek |first=Kacper |date=March 18, 2022 |title=Ukraine's Foreign Legion: 12 important points |url=https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/news-and-events/right-now/2022/ukraine%E2%80%99s-foreign-legion-.html |access-date=March 19, 2022 |work=C-REX – Center for Research on Extremism |publisher=University of Oslo}}</ref> Wani bincike na mayaƙan ƙasashen waje da Arkadiusz Legkien, Babban Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Harkokin Kasashen Duniya ta [[Poland]], ya kiyasta cewa kimanin mayaƙan daga ƙasashen duniya 17,241 suka yi yaƙi a Ukraine tsakanin 2014 da 2019. Mayaƙa 3,879 daga cikin wadannan mayaƙan ƙasashen waje sun goyi bayan Ukraine kuma sun shiga rundunonin masu sa kai na ƙasashen waje. Mafi girman rukuni na mayakan ƙasashen waje a Ukraine sun kasance 'yan sa kai 3,000 daga Rasha. Rikunin sojojin ƙasar waje na biyu mafi girma ya ƙunshi kemanin [[:en:Belarusians|'Yan Belarus]] 300. Rukuni na uku mafi girma ya ƙunshi [[Mutanen Georgia|'Yan Georgia]] 120. Sauran mayaƙan ƙasar waje da suka zarta 50 sune yan ƙasar [[Kroatiya|Croatia]], wanda suka kai kimanin mayaka 60. Sauran ƙasashen da 'yan ƙasarsu suka goyi bayan Ukraine sun haɗa da [[Albaniya|Albania]] (15), [[Asturaliya|Australia]] (5), [[Austriya|Austria]] (35), [[Azerbaijan]] (20), [[Beljik|Belgium]] (1), [[Bosnia da Herzegovina]] (5), [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] (6), [[Kanada]] (10), [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]] (5), [[Denmark]] (15), [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (10), [[Finland]] (15), [[Faransa]] (15), [[Jamus]] (15), [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] (2), [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Ireland]] (7), [[Isra'ila]] (15), [[Italiya]] (35), [[Laitfiya|Latvia]] (8), [[Moldufiniya|Moldova]] (15), [[:en:Kosovo|Kosovo]] (4), [[Holand|Netherlands]] (3), [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Macedonia]] (4), [[Norway]] (10), [[Poland]] (10), [[Portugal]] (1), [[Romainiya|Romania]] (4), [[Serbiya|Serbia]] (6), [[Slofakiya|Slovakia]] (25), [[Turkiyya]] (30), [[Ingila]] (10), da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] (15). === Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine === Kaddamar da harin [[:en:2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022]] ya haddasa ƙaruwar yawan sojojin haya da sojojin ƙasashen waje [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|a yaƙ]]<nowiki/>in.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Kwana biyu a fara mamayar da Rasha tayi gwamnatin Ukraine ta sanar da samar da [[:en:International_Legion_of_Territorial_Defense_of_Ukraine|sashen sojojin ƙasashen waje]] a hukumance., Wannan mataki anyi zargin cewa ya sami goyon bayan wasu ƙasashe bayan da shugabannin sukai wasu kalamai masu harshen damo.<ref name="EstoniaParliamentaryDebate">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2022 |title=Parliamentary groups debate allowing Estonian citizens to fight in Ukraine |url=https://news.err.ee/1608515537/parliamentary-groups-debate-allowing-estonian-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303101335/https://news.err.ee/1608515537/parliamentary-groups-debate-allowing-estonian-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine |archive-date=3 March 2022 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=[[Eesti Rahvusringhääling]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Saeima moves to let Latvians fight for Ukraine without fear of prosecution |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/saeima/saeima-moves-to-let-latvians-fight-for-ukraine-without-fear-of-prosecution.a445637/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228105104/https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/saeima/saeima-moves-to-let-latvians-fight-for-ukraine-without-fear-of-prosecution.a445637/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=[[Lsm.lv]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=UK's Liz Truss: I support Brits who take up arms against Putin |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-united-kingdom-russia-war-liz-truss-support-brits-arms-against-vladimir-putin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304112000/https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-united-kingdom-russia-war-liz-truss-support-brits-arms-against-vladimir-putin/ |archive-date=4 March 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Ya dai kasance sashen sojin haya daga Georgia da ake kira da [[:en:Georgian_Legion_(Ukraine)|Georgian Legion]] a kuma wadanda suke daga ƙasar Belarusia wanda ake kira [[:en:Kastuś_Kalinoŭski_Regiment|Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment]] An dai ga [[:en:President_of_Russia|Shugaban Rasha]] [[Vladimir Putin]] yya fito karara yana yin marhaba tare da kiran sojojin kasashen waje domin su shiga yakin don taya Rasha. Akasarin sojojin kasashen waje da suka isa Rasha domin taya ta yako an sanya su ne a [[:en:Prizrak_Brigade|Brigade na Prizrak]] . ==== Masu sa kai da ma'aikata na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka ==== Bayan harin da Rasha ta kai a shekarar 2022, jami'an leƙen asirin Amurka da Ukraine sun yi zargin cewa Rasha ta nemi hayar da kuma tura mayakan da ta riga ta tura daga dakarun da take tallafawa a wurare kamar [[Siriya]], [[Libya]], da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] karkashin umurnin sojojin soja masu zaman kansu na Wagner Group.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borger |first=Julian |date=7 March 2022 |title=Russia trying to recruit Syrians to fight in Ukraine, says Pentagon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-trying-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-in-ukraine-says-pentagon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804053927/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-trying-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-in-ukraine-says-pentagon |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="HireLibyansSerbians">{{Cite web |last=Starr |first=Michael |date=5 May 2022 |title=Russia to bring Libyan, Serbian mercenaries to Ukraine - Ukrainian sources |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-701150 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816034552/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-701150 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref name="CARRebels">{{Cite web |last=Obaji Jr. |first=Philip |date=24 March 2022 |title=Insiders Warn Notorious Foreign Rebels to Fight With Russia in Ukraine |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/central-african-republic-officials-warn-notorious-union-for-peace-rebels-to-join-putins-war-in-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819222844/https://www.thedailybeast.com/central-african-republic-officials-warn-notorious-union-for-peace-rebels-to-join-putins-war-in-ukraine |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=The Daily Beast}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa mayakan sun hada da wadanda ke goyon bayan [[Siriya|Gwamnatin Siriya]], [[:en:Union_for_Peace_in_the_Central_African_Republic|Kungiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Afirka ta Tsakiya,]] da kuma Sojojin Libya masu goyon bayan [[Khalifa Haftar]]. <ref name="CARRebels" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waters |first=Gregory |date=16 March 2022 |title=Will Russia deploy Syrian fighters to Ukraine? |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/will-russia-deploy-syrian-fighters-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920140835/https://www.mei.edu/publications/will-russia-deploy-syrian-fighters-ukraine |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Middle East Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=21 March 2022 |title=Ukraine says Libya's Haftar is sending fighters to support Russia |url=https://africatimes.com/2022/03/21/ukraine-says-libyas-haftar-is-sending-fighters-to-support-russia/ |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Africa Times }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Libya sun musanta cewa duk wani ma'aikatansu dake yaƙi da Rasha a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Assad |first=Abdulkader |date=24 March 2022 |title=Haftar forces' spokesman denies sending Libyan mercenaries to fight alongside Russia |url=https://libyaalahrar.net/haftar-forces-spokesman-denies-sending-libyan-mercenaries-to-fight-alongside-russia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819222838/https://libyaalahrar.net/haftar-forces-spokesman-denies-sending-libyan-mercenaries-to-fight-alongside-russia/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Libya Alahrar}}</ref> Itama ma kungiyar [[Hezbollah]] dake kasar [[:en:Lebanon|Labanon]] ta musanta aikawa da mayaka zuwa Rasha domin yakar Ukraine bayan Janar Janar na Sojojin Ukraine sun zargi wasu daga cikin mambobin su da kasancewa daga cikin 'yan kwangila 1,000 na Siriya da ake zargi da hayar su don yin yaƙi a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haboush |first=Joseph |date=18 March 2022 |title=Hezbollah denies sending fighters to Ukraine in support of Russian invasion |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/03/18/Hezbollah-denies-sending-fighters-to-Ukraine-in-support-of-Russian-invasion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328200035/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/03/18/Hezbollah-denies-sending-fighters-to-Ukraine-in-support-of-Russian-invasion |archive-date=28 March 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Alarabiya News}}</ref> Kafofin yada labarai na Turkiyya da 'yar jarida Vera Mironova sun yi zargin cewa mambobin [[:en:Kurdistan_Workers'_Party|Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Kurdistan]] da [[:en:People's_Defense_Units|Rukunin Tsaro na Jama'a]] (duka suna da alaƙa da [[:en:Kurdistan_Communities_Union|Kungiyar Al'ummomin Kurdistan]]) suna fada a matsayin ma'aikata ga sojojin Rasha.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 March 2022 |title=YPG/PKK terror group reportedly fighting alongside Russia in Ukraine |url=https://www.trtworld.com/europe/ypg-pkk-terror-group-reportedly-fighting-alongside-russia-in-ukraine-55642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819231504/https://www.trtworld.com/europe/ypg-pkk-terror-group-reportedly-fighting-alongside-russia-in-ukraine-55642 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=TRT World}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, [[:en:Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights|Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Siriya]] ta ba da rahoton cewa an kashe sojoji 5 na Sojojin Larabawa na [[:en:25th_Special_Mission_Forces_Division|25th Special Mission Forces Division]] suna fada don Rasha a lokacin yakin kudancin Ukraine na shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2022 |title=Russia-Ukraine war {{!}} Five Syrian fighters of Special Task Forces of 25th Division killed on Kherson front |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/270217/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006004040/https://www.syriahr.com/en/270217/ |archive-date=6 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, [[:en:Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights|Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Siriya]] ta ba da rahoton cewa an tura sojoji kasa da 2000 na [[:en:Syrian_Arab_Army|Sojojin Larabawa na Siriya]], musamman [[:en:25th_Special_Mission_Forces_Division|25th Special Mission Forces Division]], don yin yaƙi a madadin Rasha a Ukraine. SOHR ta sami takarda da ake zargi daga [[Siriya|Gwamnatin Siriya,]] inda ta bayyana kasafin kudin Sojojin Siriya da albashin da ke shafar sojojin Siriya a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2022 |title=Russian-Ukraine war {{!}} Confidential document, obtained by SOHR, confirming 25th Division participation in special task alongside Russia |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/285134/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118112537/https://www.syriahr.com/en/285134/ |archive-date=18 January 2023 |access-date=18 January 2022 |website=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> Wannan rahoto ya yadu matuka a watan Oktoba 2022 cewa kungiyar Wagner ta yi ƙoƙari ta dauki tsoffin mambobin rundunar [[:en:Afghan_National_Army_Commando_Corps|sojin Afghanistan da Amurka]] ta horar wanda ta ɓace bayan da [[Tashin Hankalin Taliban|Taliban]] ta karbe ikon shugabancin kasar  a watan Agusta 2021. A watan Yunin 2024, Bloomberg ya ba da rahoton cewa Rasha tana tsare da tilasta wa 'yan Afirka a kan biza na aiki su yanke shawara tsakanin korarsu ko fada a yakin. <ref name="c816">{{Cite web |last=Nardelli |first=Alberto |last2=Wickham |first2=Alex |last3=Verbianyi |first3=Volodymyr |date=9 June 2024 |title=Russia Is Sending Young Africans to Die in Its War Against Ukraine |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-09/russia-ukraine-war-africans-forced-to-fight-and-die-for-the-kremlin?embedded-checkout=true |access-date=24 July 2024 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> ===== Afirka ta Kudu ===== A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2025, The Guardian ta ruwaito cewa Afirka ta Kudu ta kaddamar da bincike kan 'yan Afirka ta Kudu 17 da ke Donbas, gabashin Ukraine. Ofishin shugaban Afirka ta Kudu, [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], ya ce ya karbi kiran gaggawa daga mutane, maza masu shekaru tsakanin 20 zuwa 39, waɗanda aka "yaudare su shiga rundunar sojin haya da ke cikin yakin Ukraine da Rasha a ƙarƙashin alkawarin aiki mai kyau". Koda yake ba a bayyana wane bangare suke fada ba, kasancewarsu a yankin da Rasha ta fi mamayewa, da kuma ambaton cewa alkawuran kudi sun ja hankalin su da karfi ya nuna cewa Rasha ce ta dauke su aiki.<ref name="i918">{{Cite web |last=Hawkins |first=Amy |last2=Sauer |first2=Pjotr |date=6 November 2025 |title=South Africa launches investigation into 17 citizens fighting in Ukraine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/06/south-africa-investigation-citizens-fighting-ukraine-russia-war-mercenaries |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> An kama mutane takwas da ake zargi da hannu wajen yaudarar matasan zuwa Rasha da shiga sojojin haya, ciki har da wani dan majalisa mai suna [[:en:Duduzile_Zuma-Sambudla|Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla]] da mai gabatar da shirin radiyo na [[:en:SAfm|SAfm]] Nonkululeko Mantula, yayin da ita kuma Zuma-sambudla ta yi murabus daga majalisa saboda zargin. ===== Kenya ===== A watan Nuwambar shekarar 2025, kasar [[Kenya]] ta ce sama da ‘yan kasar ta 200 ne suke taya Rasha yaki a Ukraine. Ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Kenya tace masu yaudarar matasa shiga sojojin hayar Rasha na cigaba da yaudarar matasan Kenya shiga yakin, sannan an sami nasarar ceto wasu a kusa da [[Nairobi]] yayin da ake shirin fitar dasu zuwa Rasha, bayan da aka yaudare su da batun aiki mai kyau ba shiga aikin soja ba.<ref name="v635">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2025 |title=Kenya says over 200 of its nationals are fighting for Russia in Ukraine war |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/kenya-says-over-200-its-nationals-are-fighting-russia-ukraine-war-2025-11-12/ |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun shekarar 2026, hukumar leken asiri ta kasar Kenya [[:en:National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)|Kenyan National Intelligence Service]] ta rawaito cewa yawan ‘yan Kenya da aka yaudara suka tafi Rasha kuma a tura fagen yaki sun kai 1000.<ref name="l333">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2026 |title=Intelligence report says 1,000 Kenyans were recruited to fight for Russia in Ukraine |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-russia-ukraine-army-recruits-82c48fb68edf130dc080385b0d3d5887 |access-date=19 February 2026 |website=AP News}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Maris 2026, ministan harkokin wajen Kenya [[:en:Musalia_Mudavadi|Musalia Mudavadi]] syace Rasha tayi alkawarin daina daukar ‘yan Kenya a matsayin sojojin haya ko shiga soji, hakan ya faru ne bayan tattaunawa da fahimtar juna da sukayi da ministan harkokin wajen Rasha [[:en:Sergei_Lavrov|Sergei Lavrov]]. A cewar ministan na Kenya Mudavadi, sama da kamfanoni 600 ne gwamnatin kasar ta rufe saboda zargin yaudara da kuma tura yan kasar zuwa Rasha. Sai dai gidan jaridar ''[[Africanews]]'', tace babu tabbacin yawan ‘yan Kenya da suka rasa ransu yayin taya Rasha yaki, haka zalika ‘yan uwan wadanda suka tafi Rasha suna cigaba da neman bahasi daga hukumomin Rasha kan ko yan uwansu na raye sannan a wanne hali suke.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2026 |title=Kenya says Russia will stop recruiting its citizens to fight in Ukraine |url=https://www.africanews.com/amp/2026/03/16/kenya-says-russia-will-stop-recruiting-its-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Africanews}}</ref> A watan Janairun shekarar 2026, bidiyo ya yadu a kafafen sada zumunta sosai wanda nuna sojojin haya daga Afirka tare da sojojin Rasha. A daya daga cikin bidiyon, an zargi Rasha da ɗaure nakiya a kirjin wani sojin haya daga Afirka, tare nuna masa bindiga domin tilasta shi fita fagen daga, sannan a bidiyon anji sojin Rasha na kalaman wariyar launin fata suna kuma fadawa sojan hayar cewa ana amfani da shi a matsayin "mai buɗewa". Wani bidiyon da aka wallafa ya nuna wani rukunin sojin haya daga Afirka a cikin gandun daji suna raira waƙa a cikin yarensu, yayin da sojan Rasha da ke daukar bidiyon din ya yi musu dariya kuma ya ce "dubi wadannan abubuwan sharar" kuma “za su raira waƙa daban-daban" lokacin da aka tura su fagen daga.<ref name="x337">{{Cite web |last=Farmer |first=Ben |date=12 January 2026 |title=Russia forces African recruits to become suicide bombers |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/01/12/russia-using-africans-cannon-fodder-ukraine/?WT.mc_id=tmgoff_reddit_using-africans-cannon-fodder-ukraine/ |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref name="t373">{{Cite web |last=Gulayeva |first=Olena |date=12 January 2026 |title=Russian assault troops dance and sing African songs before battle: "Look how many disposable ones there are. Joyful. Now they'll go to bay and sing differently". VIDEO |url=https://censor.net/en/videonews/3594974/african-mercenaries-in-the-russian-army-video-before-the-attack |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=Censor.NET}}</ref> == Madogara == 0q5dm4srboktu84dh2e3kajwavejp3x 888460 888431 2026-07-28T11:45:30Z Featherdiamond 46529 888460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine]] an sami sojojin haya da ‘yan sa kai daga [[:en:Foreign_volunteers|Masu sa kai na kasashen waje]] '''i'''nda suka shiga yaƙin domin taya ko taimakawa bangarorin biyu. Yawancin mayaƙan ƙasashen waje sun shiga yaƙin ne  a daya daga cikin yaƙi biyu da aka yi tsakanin ƙasashen biyu. Yaƙi na farko shine [[:en:War_in_Donbas|yaƙi a Donbas]] wanda ya faru daga shekarar 2014 zuwa shekarar 2019 domin an sami sojojin haya ko ace na ƙasashen waje kemanin mayaƙa kasashe 17,241.<ref>{{cite report|title=White Supremacy Extremism: The Transnational Rise of the Violent White Supremacist Movement|publisher=The Soufan Center|date=September 2019|url=https://thesoufancenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Report-by-The-Soufan-Center-White-Supremacy-Extremism-The-Transnational-Rise-of-The-Violent-White-Supremacist-Movement.pdf|access-date=March 13, 2022}}</ref> Masu bincike sun bayyan cewa yaƙi na biyu wato wanda aka fara a shekarar 2022 bayan [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|mamayar Rasha a Ukraine]] cewa shine yafi griman yawan mayaƙa daga ƙasashen waje. yaƙin ya ga mutane na kasashe daban-daban sun shiga a matasayin sojoji, misali Ukraine ta kafa rundunar yan ƙasashen waje da Rasha ta dauki ma'aikata da ta dinga turawa fagen yaƙi. == Sharar fage == [[:en:Russo-Ukraine_War|Yaƙin biyu da ƙasashen Russo-Ukraine]] sukai an sami shigar mayaƙan ƙasashen waje: Akwai rikunin da suka shiga shekarar yaƙin a shekarar 2014 wasu sun shiga cikin bataliyoyin sa kai na Ukraine sai kuma wadanda suka shiga bangaren ‘yan awaren Donbas masu goyon bayan Rasha wanda ya haddasa [[:en:War_in_Donbas|yanƙin Donbas]]. Sai kuma na biyu a shekarar 2022 inda wasu yan ƙasashen waje suka shiga domin taya [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|Rasha mamayar Ukraine,]] wasu kuma suka shiga yaƙin domin taya Ukraine kare iyakokin ta. === Yaƙin Donbas === Aikin mayaƙan ƙasashen waje a yaƙin shekarar 2014 ya kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci, wani mai bincike mai suna Kacper Rekawek ya rubuta, "mayaƙa daga ƙasashen waje sun shiga yaƙin a lokacin rani na shekarar 2014, kuma mafi yawansu sun bar Ukraine a shekara ta 2015, koda yake wasu ‘yan kadan sun dawo daga baya, tare zama din-din-din a Ukraine." A ƙarshen shekara ta 2015, Rekawek ya lura, "duka bangarorin biyu sun ɗauki matakai na sanya sojojin haya cikin rukunin sojojin wanda ya kai suka haɗa su a cikin rukunin bataliyan sojoji. Ƙasashen biyu sun kawo ƙarshen daukar sojojin haya da na ƙasashen waje a shekarar 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rękawek |first=Kacper |date=March 18, 2022 |title=Ukraine's Foreign Legion: 12 important points |url=https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english/news-and-events/right-now/2022/ukraine%E2%80%99s-foreign-legion-.html |access-date=March 19, 2022 |work=C-REX – Center for Research on Extremism |publisher=University of Oslo}}</ref> Wani bincike na mayaƙan ƙasashen waje da Arkadiusz Legkien, Babban Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Harkokin Kasashen Duniya ta [[Poland]], ya kiyasta cewa kimanin mayaƙan daga ƙasashen duniya 17,241 suka yi yaƙi a Ukraine tsakanin 2014 da 2019. Mayaƙa 3,879 daga cikin wadannan mayaƙan ƙasashen waje sun goyi bayan Ukraine kuma sun shiga rundunonin masu sa kai na ƙasashen waje. Mafi girman rukuni na mayakan ƙasashen waje a Ukraine sun kasance 'yan sa kai 3,000 daga Rasha. Rikunin sojojin ƙasar waje na biyu mafi girma ya ƙunshi kemanin [[:en:Belarusians|'Yan Belarus]] 300. Rukuni na uku mafi girma ya ƙunshi [[Mutanen Georgia|'Yan Georgia]] 120. Sauran mayaƙan ƙasar waje da suka zarta 50 sune yan ƙasar [[Kroatiya|Croatia]], wanda suka kai kimanin mayaka 60. Sauran ƙasashen da 'yan ƙasarsu suka goyi bayan Ukraine sun haɗa da [[Albaniya|Albania]] (15), [[Asturaliya|Australia]] (5), [[Austriya|Austria]] (35), [[Azerbaijan]] (20), [[Beljik|Belgium]] (1), [[Bosnia da Herzegovina]] (5), [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] (6), [[Kanada]] (10), [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]] (5), [[Denmark]] (15), [[Istoniya|Estonia]] (10), [[Finland]] (15), [[Faransa]] (15), [[Jamus]] (15), [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] (2), [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Ireland]] (7), [[Isra'ila]] (15), [[Italiya]] (35), [[Laitfiya|Latvia]] (8), [[Moldufiniya|Moldova]] (15), [[:en:Kosovo|Kosovo]] (4), [[Holand|Netherlands]] (3), [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Macedonia]] (4), [[Norway]] (10), [[Poland]] (10), [[Portugal]] (1), [[Romainiya|Romania]] (4), [[Serbiya|Serbia]] (6), [[Slofakiya|Slovakia]] (25), [[Turkiyya]] (30), [[Ingila]] (10), da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] (15). === Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine === Kaddamar da harin [[:en:2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022]] ya haddasa ƙaruwar yawan sojojin haya da sojojin ƙasashen waje [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|a yaƙ]]<nowiki/>in.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Kwana biyu a fara mamayar da Rasha tayi gwamnatin Ukraine ta sanar da samar da [[:en:International_Legion_of_Territorial_Defense_of_Ukraine|sashen sojojin ƙasashen waje]] a hukumance., Wannan mataki anyi zargin cewa ya sami goyon bayan wasu ƙasashe bayan da shugabannin sukai wasu kalamai masu harshen damo.<ref name="EstoniaParliamentaryDebate">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2022 |title=Parliamentary groups debate allowing Estonian citizens to fight in Ukraine |url=https://news.err.ee/1608515537/parliamentary-groups-debate-allowing-estonian-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303101335/https://news.err.ee/1608515537/parliamentary-groups-debate-allowing-estonian-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine |archive-date=3 March 2022 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=[[Eesti Rahvusringhääling]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Saeima moves to let Latvians fight for Ukraine without fear of prosecution |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/saeima/saeima-moves-to-let-latvians-fight-for-ukraine-without-fear-of-prosecution.a445637/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228105104/https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/saeima/saeima-moves-to-let-latvians-fight-for-ukraine-without-fear-of-prosecution.a445637/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=[[Lsm.lv]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=UK's Liz Truss: I support Brits who take up arms against Putin |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-united-kingdom-russia-war-liz-truss-support-brits-arms-against-vladimir-putin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304112000/https://www.politico.eu/article/ukraine-united-kingdom-russia-war-liz-truss-support-brits-arms-against-vladimir-putin/ |archive-date=4 March 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Ya dai kasance sashen sojin haya daga Georgia da ake kira da [[:en:Georgian_Legion_(Ukraine)|Georgian Legion]] a kuma wadanda suke daga ƙasar Belarusia wanda ake kira [[:en:Kastuś_Kalinoŭski_Regiment|Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment]] An dai ga [[:en:President_of_Russia|Shugaban Rasha]] [[Vladimir Putin]] yya fito karara yana yin marhaba tare da kiran sojojin kasashen waje domin su shiga yakin don taya Rasha. Akasarin sojojin kasashen waje da suka isa Rasha domin taya ta yako an sanya su ne a [[:en:Prizrak_Brigade|Brigade na Prizrak]] . == Matasan da aka ɗauka domin yaƙi daga wasu ƙasa == === Masu sa kai da ma'aikata na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka === Bayan harin da Rasha ta kai a shekarar 2022, jami'an leƙen asirin Amurka da Ukraine sun yi zargin cewa Rasha ta nemi hayar da kuma tura mayakan da ta riga ta tura daga dakarun da take tallafawa a wurare kamar [[Siriya]], [[Libya]], da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] karkashin umurnin sojojin soja masu zaman kansu na Wagner Group.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borger |first=Julian |date=7 March 2022 |title=Russia trying to recruit Syrians to fight in Ukraine, says Pentagon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-trying-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-in-ukraine-says-pentagon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804053927/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/russia-trying-to-recruit-syrians-to-fight-in-ukraine-says-pentagon |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="HireLibyansSerbians">{{Cite web |last=Starr |first=Michael |date=5 May 2022 |title=Russia to bring Libyan, Serbian mercenaries to Ukraine - Ukrainian sources |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-701150 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816034552/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-701150 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref name="CARRebels">{{Cite web |last=Obaji Jr. |first=Philip |date=24 March 2022 |title=Insiders Warn Notorious Foreign Rebels to Fight With Russia in Ukraine |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/central-african-republic-officials-warn-notorious-union-for-peace-rebels-to-join-putins-war-in-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819222844/https://www.thedailybeast.com/central-african-republic-officials-warn-notorious-union-for-peace-rebels-to-join-putins-war-in-ukraine |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=The Daily Beast}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa mayakan sun hada da wadanda ke goyon bayan [[Siriya|Gwamnatin Siriya]], [[:en:Union_for_Peace_in_the_Central_African_Republic|Kungiyar Zaman Lafiya ta Afirka ta Tsakiya,]] da kuma Sojojin Libya masu goyon bayan [[Khalifa Haftar]]. <ref name="CARRebels" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waters |first=Gregory |date=16 March 2022 |title=Will Russia deploy Syrian fighters to Ukraine? |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/will-russia-deploy-syrian-fighters-ukraine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920140835/https://www.mei.edu/publications/will-russia-deploy-syrian-fighters-ukraine |archive-date=20 September 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Middle East Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=21 March 2022 |title=Ukraine says Libya's Haftar is sending fighters to support Russia |url=https://africatimes.com/2022/03/21/ukraine-says-libyas-haftar-is-sending-fighters-to-support-russia/ |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Africa Times }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Libya sun musanta cewa duk wani ma'aikatansu dake yaƙi da Rasha a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Assad |first=Abdulkader |date=24 March 2022 |title=Haftar forces' spokesman denies sending Libyan mercenaries to fight alongside Russia |url=https://libyaalahrar.net/haftar-forces-spokesman-denies-sending-libyan-mercenaries-to-fight-alongside-russia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819222838/https://libyaalahrar.net/haftar-forces-spokesman-denies-sending-libyan-mercenaries-to-fight-alongside-russia/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Libya Alahrar}}</ref> Itama ma kungiyar [[Hezbollah]] dake kasar [[:en:Lebanon|Labanon]] ta musanta aikawa da mayaka zuwa Rasha domin yakar Ukraine bayan Janar Janar na Sojojin Ukraine sun zargi wasu daga cikin mambobin su da kasancewa daga cikin 'yan kwangila 1,000 na Siriya da ake zargi da hayar su don yin yaƙi a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haboush |first=Joseph |date=18 March 2022 |title=Hezbollah denies sending fighters to Ukraine in support of Russian invasion |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/03/18/Hezbollah-denies-sending-fighters-to-Ukraine-in-support-of-Russian-invasion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328200035/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/03/18/Hezbollah-denies-sending-fighters-to-Ukraine-in-support-of-Russian-invasion |archive-date=28 March 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=Alarabiya News}}</ref> Kafofin yada labarai na Turkiyya da 'yar jarida Vera Mironova sun yi zargin cewa mambobin [[:en:Kurdistan_Workers'_Party|Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Kurdistan]] da [[:en:People's_Defense_Units|Rukunin Tsaro na Jama'a]] (duka suna da alaƙa da [[:en:Kurdistan_Communities_Union|Kungiyar Al'ummomin Kurdistan]]) suna fada a matsayin ma'aikata ga sojojin Rasha.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 March 2022 |title=YPG/PKK terror group reportedly fighting alongside Russia in Ukraine |url=https://www.trtworld.com/europe/ypg-pkk-terror-group-reportedly-fighting-alongside-russia-in-ukraine-55642 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819231504/https://www.trtworld.com/europe/ypg-pkk-terror-group-reportedly-fighting-alongside-russia-in-ukraine-55642 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |publisher=TRT World}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, [[:en:Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights|Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Siriya]] ta ba da rahoton cewa an kashe sojoji 5 na Sojojin Larabawa na [[:en:25th_Special_Mission_Forces_Division|25th Special Mission Forces Division]] suna fada don Rasha a lokacin yakin kudancin Ukraine na shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2022 |title=Russia-Ukraine war {{!}} Five Syrian fighters of Special Task Forces of 25th Division killed on Kherson front |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/270217/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006004040/https://www.syriahr.com/en/270217/ |archive-date=6 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, [[:en:Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights|Cibiyar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Siriya]] ta ba da rahoton cewa an tura sojoji kasa da 2000 na [[:en:Syrian_Arab_Army|Sojojin Larabawa na Siriya]], musamman [[:en:25th_Special_Mission_Forces_Division|25th Special Mission Forces Division]], don yin yaƙi a madadin Rasha a Ukraine. SOHR ta sami takarda da ake zargi daga [[Siriya|Gwamnatin Siriya,]] inda ta bayyana kasafin kudin Sojojin Siriya da albashin da ke shafar sojojin Siriya a Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2022 |title=Russian-Ukraine war {{!}} Confidential document, obtained by SOHR, confirming 25th Division participation in special task alongside Russia |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/285134/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118112537/https://www.syriahr.com/en/285134/ |archive-date=18 January 2023 |access-date=18 January 2022 |website=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> Wannan rahoto ya yadu matuka a watan Oktoba 2022 cewa kungiyar Wagner ta yi ƙoƙari ta dauki tsoffin mambobin rundunar [[:en:Afghan_National_Army_Commando_Corps|sojin Afghanistan da Amurka]] ta horar wanda ta ɓace bayan da [[Tashin Hankalin Taliban|Taliban]] ta karbe ikon shugabancin kasar  a watan Agusta 2021. A watan Yunin 2024, Bloomberg ya ba da rahoton cewa Rasha tana tsare da tilasta wa 'yan Afirka a kan biza na aiki su yanke shawara tsakanin korarsu ko fada a yakin. <ref name="c816">{{Cite web |last=Nardelli |first=Alberto |last2=Wickham |first2=Alex |last3=Verbianyi |first3=Volodymyr |date=9 June 2024 |title=Russia Is Sending Young Africans to Die in Its War Against Ukraine |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-09/russia-ukraine-war-africans-forced-to-fight-and-die-for-the-kremlin?embedded-checkout=true |access-date=24 July 2024 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> === Kudancin Afrika === ===== Afirka ta Kudu ===== A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2025, The Guardian ta ruwaito cewa Afirka ta Kudu ta kaddamar da bincike kan 'yan Afirka ta Kudu 17 da ke Donbas, gabashin Ukraine. Ofishin shugaban Afirka ta Kudu, [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], ya ce ya karbi kiran gaggawa daga mutane, maza masu shekaru tsakanin 20 zuwa 39, waɗanda aka "yaudare su shiga rundunar sojin haya da ke cikin yakin Ukraine da Rasha a ƙarƙashin alkawarin aiki mai kyau". Koda yake ba a bayyana wane bangare suke fada ba, kasancewarsu a yankin da Rasha ta fi mamayewa, da kuma ambaton cewa alkawuran kudi sun ja hankalin su da karfi ya nuna cewa Rasha ce ta dauke su aiki.<ref name="i918">{{Cite web |last=Hawkins |first=Amy |last2=Sauer |first2=Pjotr |date=6 November 2025 |title=South Africa launches investigation into 17 citizens fighting in Ukraine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/06/south-africa-investigation-citizens-fighting-ukraine-russia-war-mercenaries |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> An kama mutane takwas da ake zargi da hannu wajen yaudarar matasan zuwa Rasha da shiga sojojin haya, ciki har da wani dan majalisa mai suna [[:en:Duduzile_Zuma-Sambudla|Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla]] da mai gabatar da shirin radiyo na [[:en:SAfm|SAfm]] Nonkululeko Mantula, yayin da ita kuma Zuma-sambudla ta yi murabus daga majalisa saboda zargin. === Gabashin Afrika === ===== Kenya ===== A watan Nuwambar shekarar 2025, kasar [[Kenya]] ta ce sama da ‘yan kasar ta 200 ne suke taya Rasha yaki a Ukraine. Ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Kenya tace masu yaudarar matasa shiga sojojin hayar Rasha na cigaba da yaudarar matasan Kenya shiga yakin, sannan an sami nasarar ceto wasu a kusa da [[Nairobi]] yayin da ake shirin fitar dasu zuwa Rasha, bayan da aka yaudare su da batun aiki mai kyau ba shiga aikin soja ba.<ref name="v635">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2025 |title=Kenya says over 200 of its nationals are fighting for Russia in Ukraine war |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/kenya-says-over-200-its-nationals-are-fighting-russia-ukraine-war-2025-11-12/ |access-date=13 November 2025 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun shekarar 2026, hukumar leken asiri ta kasar Kenya [[:en:National_Intelligence_Service_(Kenya)|Kenyan National Intelligence Service]] ta rawaito cewa yawan ‘yan Kenya da aka yaudara suka tafi Rasha kuma a tura fagen yaki sun kai 1000.<ref name="l333">{{Cite web |date=19 February 2026 |title=Intelligence report says 1,000 Kenyans were recruited to fight for Russia in Ukraine |url=https://apnews.com/article/kenya-russia-ukraine-army-recruits-82c48fb68edf130dc080385b0d3d5887 |access-date=19 February 2026 |website=AP News}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Maris 2026, ministan harkokin wajen Kenya [[:en:Musalia_Mudavadi|Musalia Mudavadi]] syace Rasha tayi alkawarin daina daukar ‘yan Kenya a matsayin sojojin haya ko shiga soji, hakan ya faru ne bayan tattaunawa da fahimtar juna da sukayi da ministan harkokin wajen Rasha [[:en:Sergei_Lavrov|Sergei Lavrov]]. A cewar ministan na Kenya Mudavadi, sama da kamfanoni 600 ne gwamnatin kasar ta rufe saboda zargin yaudara da kuma tura yan kasar zuwa Rasha. Sai dai gidan jaridar ''[[Africanews]]'', tace babu tabbacin yawan ‘yan Kenya da suka rasa ransu yayin taya Rasha yaki, haka zalika ‘yan uwan wadanda suka tafi Rasha suna cigaba da neman bahasi daga hukumomin Rasha kan ko yan uwansu na raye sannan a wanne hali suke.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2026 |title=Kenya says Russia will stop recruiting its citizens to fight in Ukraine |url=https://www.africanews.com/amp/2026/03/16/kenya-says-russia-will-stop-recruiting-its-citizens-to-fight-in-ukraine/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Africanews}}</ref> A watan Janairun shekarar 2026, bidiyo ya yadu a kafafen sada zumunta sosai wanda nuna sojojin haya daga Afirka tare da sojojin Rasha. A daya daga cikin bidiyon, an zargi Rasha da ɗaure nakiya a kirjin wani sojin haya daga Afirka, tare nuna masa bindiga domin tilasta shi fita fagen daga, sannan a bidiyon anji sojin Rasha na kalaman wariyar launin fata suna kuma fadawa sojan hayar cewa ana amfani da shi a matsayin "mai buɗewa". Wani bidiyon da aka wallafa ya nuna wani rukunin sojin haya daga Afirka a cikin gandun daji suna raira waƙa a cikin yarensu, yayin da sojan Rasha da ke daukar bidiyon din ya yi musu dariya kuma ya ce "dubi wadannan abubuwan sharar" kuma “za su raira waƙa daban-daban" lokacin da aka tura su fagen daga.<ref name="x337">{{Cite web |last=Farmer |first=Ben |date=12 January 2026 |title=Russia forces African recruits to become suicide bombers |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/01/12/russia-using-africans-cannon-fodder-ukraine/?WT.mc_id=tmgoff_reddit_using-africans-cannon-fodder-ukraine/ |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref name="t373">{{Cite web |last=Gulayeva |first=Olena |date=12 January 2026 |title=Russian assault troops dance and sing African songs before battle: "Look how many disposable ones there are. Joyful. Now they'll go to bay and sing differently". VIDEO |url=https://censor.net/en/videonews/3594974/african-mercenaries-in-the-russian-army-video-before-the-attack |access-date=12 January 2026 |website=Censor.NET}}</ref> === Yammacin Afrika === Galibin waɗanda aka ɗauka a matsayin sojojin haya ko ace waɗanda zasu taya Rasha yaƙi a Ukraine daga ƙasashen yammacin Afrika matasa ne, kuma anyi amfani da kafofin tura saƙwanni na Telegram da WhatsApp wajen hakan.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Ostiller |first=Nate |date=2026-07-26 |title=How Russia is luring foreign nationals to fight in Ukraine |url=https://www.dw.com/en/how-russia-is-luring-foreign-nationals-to-fight-in-ukraine/a-78074153 |access-date=2026-07-26 |work=Deutsche Welle}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Clément |first=Jean-Baptiste |date=2026-07-26 |title=Russian authorities try to recruit students to make up for soldiers shortages in drone regiments |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2026/07/26/russian-authorities-try-to-recruit-students-to-make-up-for-soldiers-shortages-in-drone-regiments_6755840_4.html |access-date=2026-07-26 |work=Le Monde}}</ref> Sahihan rahotanni sun bayyana cewa masu ɗaukar aikin sunyi amfani da alƙawuran yaudara na albashi mai tsoka, samun fasfo din Rasha, aikin yi mai kyau, da kuma sauran kuɗaɗe da zasu samu wajen sanya su karɓar tayin shiga aikin soja a Rasha wanda za’a tura su Ukraine. <ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=2026 |title=Russia's Deceptive War Recruitment Ensnares Africans |url=https://africacenter.org/spotlight/russia-deceptive-war-recruitment-ensnares-africans/ |access-date=2026-07-26 |publisher=Africa Center for Strategic Studies}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news |date=2026 |title=Africans in the Ukraine war: Recruited as 'cannon fodder' |url=https://www.dw.com/en/africans-in-the-ukraine-war-recruited-as-cannon-fodder/a-76140879 |access-date=2026-07-26 |work=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Kafafen sada zumunta da kuma kafafen tura saƙwanni irinsu Telegram da WhatsApp ne akai amfani a matsayin hanyoyin ɗauka da kuma tattauna sauran bayanai tsakanin masu ɗaukar aikin da waɗanda aka ɗauka.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Najeriya ==== Ƴan Najeriya dai na cikin matasa ƴan ƙasashen waje da aka ɗauka aiki domin shiga sojin Rasha tare da tura su fagen yaƙi. <ref name=":3">{{cite news |date=2026 |title=How Russia dey recruit foreign fighters go fight for Ukraine |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c363eezr869o |access-date=2026-07-26 |work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite news |date=2026 |title=Ukraine identifies two Nigerians killed fighting for Russia |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/foreign/world-foreign/856331-ukraine-identifies-two-nigerians-killed-fighting-for-russia.html |access-date=2026-07-26 |work=Premium Times}}</ref> Hukumomin ƙasar Ukraine sun tabbatar da mutuwar aƙalla ƴan Najeriya biyu dake taya Rasha yaƙi a mamayar da take yi a Ukraine. Sannan waɗanda ke hannun hukumomin Ukraine a matsayin fursunonin yaƙi.<ref name=":4" /> A binciken<ref name=":3" /> da sashen Pidgin na BBC da wasu gidajen jaridu suka yi ya nuna tare da samar da bayanai dake nuna yadda akai amfani da  bayanai na yaudara da sauya tunani wajen ɗaukar matasa ƴan Najeriya da suke neman fita ƙasashen waje da masu neman aiki da masu neman gurbin karatu shiga aikin sojan Rasha wanda daga ƙarshe aka tura su fagen da ake gwabza yaƙin. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Kafin a tura matasan zuwa fagen yaƙin, masu ɗaukar aikin sunyi ta nanata aƙawuran ayyuka masu gwaɓi, albashin aikin soja mai tsoka da kuma samun zama dan ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{cite news |last1=Lister |first1=Tim |last2=Busari |first2=Stephanie |date=2026-02-04 |title=African recruits lured to fight for Russia in Ukraine |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/02/04/africa/russia-african-recruits-military-ukraine-intl-cmd |access-date=2026-07-26 |work=CNN}}</ref> Hukumomin Najeriya sun nuna damuwa kan wannan ɗaukar aiki, to amma masu sharhi sunyi kira da a samar da wata tattaunawa ta diflomasiyya da matakan kare ƴan kasa daga masu yaudarar su shiga ayyuka irin wannan a wasu ƙasashe.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> ==== Ghana ==== Ƙasar Ghana dai na cikin ƙasashen da suka tabbatar da mutuwar ƴan ƙasar su da dama da suke taya Rasha a mamayar da ta keyi a Ukraine.<ref name=":6">{{cite news |date=2026 |title=Another African country has raised the alarm to its citizens concerning Russia's recruitment |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/lifestyle/another-african-country-has-raised-the-alarm-to-its-citizens-concerning-russias/g6p194x |access-date=2026-07-26 |work=Business Insider Africa}}</ref> <ref name=":5" /> A cewar jami’an gwamnatin Ghana akwai ɗaruruwan ƴan Ghana da aka ɗauka aikin sojan Rasha, yayin da aka tabbatar da mutuwar gwammai a yaƙin.<ref name=":7">{{cite news |date=2026 |title=Ghana's 85 Lost Lives: The African Recruitment Ring |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1513188/ghanas-85-lost-lives-the-african-recruitment.html |access-date=2026-07-26 |work=ModernGhana}}</ref> Ministan harkokin wajen Ghana ya ce an ɗauki ƴan Ghana aƙalla 272, inda ya tabbatar da mutuwar sama da 50.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> Ƙungiyoyin fararen hula da masu sharhi kan tsaro sun buƙaci ƙasashen Afrika da su ɗauki matakan karya kadarin masu safarar mutane da masu yaudarar matasan Afrika wajen ɗaukar su ayyukan shiga yaƙi.<ref name=":7" />  Masana sun ayyana wannan abu dake faruwa na yaudara da kuma ɗaukar matasa aiki da safarar mutane da yaɗuwar labaran ƙarya da kuma ƙoƙarin yiwa ƙasashe katsalandan a matsayin abin da ke shafar mutane marasa galihu a ƙasashen yammacin Afrika.<ref name=":2" /> == Madogara == 5ebpgps5txmb5ipc5s6vhf1ue0d5f6p 0 161063 888290 878856 2026-07-27T21:23:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar gaske''' ( German , ) nau'in makarantar sakandare ce a [[Jamus]], [[Switzerland]] da [[Liechtenstein]] . Har ila yau, ya wanzu a cikin [[Kroatiya|Croatia]] ( ''realna gimnazija'' ), Austriya Empire, Jamus Empire, [[Denmark]] da [[Norway]] ( ''realskole'' ), [[Sweden]] ( ''realskola'' ), [[Istoniya|Estonia]] ( ''realkool'' ), [[Finland]] ( ''reaalikoulu'' ), [[Hungariya|Hungary]] ( ''reáliskola'' ), [[Laitfiya|Latvia]] ( ''reālskola'' ), [[Sloveniya|Slovenia]] ( ''realka'' ), [[Serbiya|Serbia]] ( ''daular Rasha / realikoulu'' ), Serbia da realna gimna . ''реальное училище'' ), gami da Poland da aka raba ( ''szkoła realna'' ). == Jamus == === Yanayin makarantar === A tsarin makarantun sakandare na Jamus, ''Realschule'' tana tsakanin Hauptschule (mafi ƙasƙanci) da Gymnasium (mafi girma). Bayan kammala ''Realschule'', ana ba wa ɗalibai nagari damar halartar Kwalejin Gymnasium ta ƙwararru ko Cibiyar Ilimi ta gabaɗaya. Hakanan za su iya halartar ''Makarantar Berufsschule'' ko yin horon aiki . A yawancin jihohin Jamus, ɗalibai suna fara ''Realschule'' tun suna shekara goma ko sha ɗaya kuma yawanci suna kammala makaranta tun suna shekara 16-17. A wasu jihohi, kwanan nan an maye gurbin ''Realschulen'' da ''[[Ilimi a Jamus|Oberschulen]]'' ko ''[[Makarantar da aka fi sani|Sekundarschulen]]'' . A shekara ta 2006, ɗaliban Jamus miliyan 1.32 sun halarci ''makarantar Realschule'' . A ''Realschule'', ɗalibi yana samun ƙarin ilimi kuma yana koyon aƙalla harshe ɗaya na ƙasashen waje, yawanci [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] . A jihar Baden-Württemberg, bayan aji shida, ɗalibi dole ne ya zaɓi tsakanin [[fasaha]], tattalin arziki na gida, da kuma harshen waje na biyu, yawanci [[Faransanci]] . Sabon fannin ya zama babban darasi na biyar na ɗalibi, bayan Jamusanci, lissafi, kimiyya da Ingilishi; kuma yana yiwuwa a koyi wasu harsunan ƙasashen waje a cikin bita kyauta. Sauran fannoni sune [[Labarin kasa|ilimin ƙasa]], [[kimiyyar zamantakewa]], tattalin arziki, [[tarihi]], ilimin addini, da ilimin motsa jiki. Bayan aji na 8, ɗalibi dole ne ya zaɓi tsakanin fasaha da [[kiɗa]] . Difloma na makarantar sakandare da aka samu a [[Kanada]] ko [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] yawanci ana amincewa da su a matsayin ''Mittlere Reife'' (kammala karatun daga ''Realschule'' ). A wasu lokuta, ɗalibai na iya neman wasu fannoni a jami'a. Duk ɗaliban da ke da difloma ta makarantar sakandare ta Amurka za su iya neman shiga ''Studienkolleg'', kuma bayan sun kammala karatunsu cikin nasara, za su iya halartar jami'ar Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Universität Regensburg |url=http://www-cgi.uni-regensburg.de/Einrichtungen/Auslandsamt/neu1/ew-cms/html/dokumente/USA-Info.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723005347/http://www-cgi.uni-regensburg.de/Einrichtungen/Auslandsamt/neu1/ew-cms/html/dokumente/USA-Info.pdf |archive-date=July 23, 2011 |website=www-cgi.uni-regensburg.de}}</ref> Waɗanda ke da difloma ta makarantar sakandare za su iya zaɓar daga cikin manyan fannoni da za su iya samu a jami'ar Jamus idan sun yi kyau a SAT ko ACT . Waɗanda suka sami maki sama da 1300 a SAT ko sama da 28 a ACT za su iya neman kowane fanni a jami'ar Jamus. <ref name="laender-usa" /> Gymnasia da <nowiki><i id="mwYw">Realgymnasia</i></nowiki> sune makarantun sakandare na gargajiya na [[Jamus]] . === Kashe ''Realschule'' a Berlin da Hamburg === Tun daga 2010/2011, ''Realschulen'' an soke ta bisa ƙa'ida a [[Berlin]] kuma ta haɗu da ''Hauptschulen'' da tsohuwar ''[[Makarantar da aka fi sani|Gesamtschulen]]'' don samar da sabon nau'in cikakkiyar makaranta, wanda ake kira ''Stadtteilschule'' a Hamburg da ''Sekundarschule'' a Berlin. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Ayyukan ɗaliban da suka halarci ''Realschule'' === A cewar jarrabawar PISA, ɗaliban da suka halarci ''Realschule'' sun fi waɗanda suka halarci makarantar motsa jiki kyau. Duk da haka, sun fi waɗanda suka halarci ''makarantar Hauptschule'' ko makarantar Gesamtschule kyau. === Suka === An yi suka sosai kan tsarin ilimi na Jamus mai sassa uku saboda raba yara a aji tun suna ƙanana. Misali, a wasu jihohin Jamus, ana yanke shawara a aji shida ko ma na huɗu game da ko yaro zai ci gaba da karatu a Gymnasium, ''Realschule'', ko ''Hauptschule'' . Gymnasium kawai makarantar shirye-shirye ce ta jami'a, don haka masu suka suna jayayya cewa ana yanke shawara tun daga aji huɗu game da ko za a bar yaro ya halarci kwaleji. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ana ɗaukar tsarin a matsayin mai matuƙar wahala a wajen Jamus har ma OECD ta aika da wakili na musamman. ga Jamus don yin Allah wadai da tsarin da Jamus ke amfani da shi a yanzu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">an buƙata ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Musamman ma, ƙwararren ɗan ƙasar Brazil ya gano cewa makarantun Jamus suna raba yara bisa ga ajin zamantakewa, inda ake tura yaran da suka fito daga jami'o'i da ƙwararru zuwa wurin motsa jiki, kuma ana tura yaran da ke aiki zuwa ''Realschule'' ko ''Hauptschule'' . A cewar masu suka, ana ɗaukar tsarin a matsayin mai amfani a cikin Jamus a matsayin mai amfani ga zamantakewa ta yadda manyan ɗalibai za su iya ajiye mafi kyawun makarantu don kansu ba tare da sun koma makarantun masu zaman kansu ba. A ƙarshe, babu wata al'umma mai dimokuraɗiyya a wajen duniyar da ke magana da Jamusanci da ke da tsarin makarantu uku waɗanda ke raba yara galibi bisa ga asali; wannan binciken shine babban korafin da aka yi game da Jamus a cikin binciken PISA na baya-bayan nan. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Masu goyon bayan tsarin tripartite suna ganin hujjojin da masu suka suka gabatar a matsayin marasa inganci. Suna nuna gaskiyar cewa ba wai kawai Gymnasium ba, har ma da makarantu da makarantu masu cikakken tsari da ke hidimar ɗalibai masu girma, kamar ''Kolleg'' ko ''Berufsoberschule'', suna ba da damar ''Abitur'' . Hakanan, yana yiwuwa a halarci kwaleji ba tare da gudanar da ''Abitur'' ba. Suna kuma da ra'ayin cewa ''Realschulen'' da Gymnasia da gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyinsu sun bai wa yara da yawa na aji ma'aikata damar hawa kan tsani na zamantakewa. Masu goyon bayan tsarin tripartite suna jin tsoron cewa soke Gymnasia da ''Realschulen'' zai haifar da ci gaban ɓangaren makarantu masu zaman kansu. Masu goyon bayan ''Realschule'' suma suna da ra'ayin cewa yana taimaka wa ɗaliban haɓaka halayensu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.vo-saar.de/dokumente/Umgang%20mit%20Heterogenitaet.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716154320/http://www.vo-saar.de/dokumente/Umgang%20mit%20Heterogenitaet.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2011 |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=www.vo-saar.de}}</ref> A cewar wani bincike, waɗanda ke halartar ''Realschule'' sun zama masu son kai kuma suna da yuwuwar kula da wasu akan lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elternverein Nordrhein-Westfalen e. V. - Gesamtschule ungeschminkt - Alarm! |url=http://www.elternverein-nrw.de/stellungnahmen/gesamtschule_ungeschminkt.htm |access-date=2013-07-22 |publisher=Elternverein-nrw.de }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === The "Erweiterte Realschule" da "Realschule Plus" === "Erweiterte Realschule" (wanda aka faɗaɗa ''Realschule'' ) makaranta ce da ke cikin Jihar Saarland ta Jamus. Bai kamata a rikita ta da ''Realschule'' ba. Duk da cewa ''Realschule'' makaranta ce ta zaɓe, ''Erweiterte Realschule'' makaranta ce da ba ta zaɓar ɗalibanta bisa ga nasarar ilimi ko ƙwarewa. Tana yaɗa ɗalibai ta hanyar iyawar da ake gani bayan aji na 7. " ''Realschule Plus'' " makaranta ce da ba ta zaɓe ba wadda ke cikin Jihar Rhineland-Palatinate . Tana ba da azuzuwan ilimi na gabaɗaya (waɗanda suka yi kama da azuzuwan ''Realschule'' na yau da kullun) da kuma azuzuwan gyara. ''Erweiterte Realschule'' da ''Realschule Plus'' ba makarantar da ɗalibai da yawa suka zaɓa ba ce kuma galibi ɗaliban da aka ƙi ko aka kore su daga wasu makarantu suna halarta. == Ostiriya-Hungary == An kafa na farko a daular a Vienna, 1771. A tsarin mulki, Masarautar Habsburg ta kafa su bayan 1804: misali 1811 a Brno (harshen Jamusanci), 1815 a Brody ( Galicia ), 1817 a [[Lviv]] da Trieste da sauransu. A ƙasashen Czech, a shekarar makaranta ta 1917/1918, akwai ''harsunan'' Czech guda 43, wato 30 a Bohemia da 13 a Moravia. Akwai kuma ''Realschulen'' na Jamusanci. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, ''Realschulen'' da yawa sun canza zuwa ''Realgymnasien'' . An soke ''Realschulen'' a shekarar 1948 a Czechoslovakia. ''Gidan motsa jiki na Realgymnasium'' ya kasance wani nau'in sulhu tsakanin ''Realschule'' da ''Gymnasium'' . A ƙasashen Czech, an kafa ''Realgymnasien'' tsakanin 1862 (na farko a Tábor) da 1913 (na ƙarshe a Jilemnice). A ƙasashen Czech, a shekarar makaranta ta 1917/1918, akwai ''Realgymnasien'' guda 35 na harshen Czech; wato 24 a Bohemia, 10 a Moravia, da kuma ɗaya a Silesia na Czech. A shekarar 1908, an ƙirƙiri makarantar ''Reformrealgymnasium'' a matsayin sabuwar makaranta a Austria-Hungary. Har zuwa shekarar 1918, an kafa irin waɗannan makarantu bakwai kacal, biyu daga cikinsu a ƙasashen Czech (1909 Vrchlabí, 1911 Bohumín), dukansu kuma suna da harshen Jamusanci. == Norway == Makarantar ''realskole'' ta wanzu a [[Norway]] tsakanin 1935 da 1970. Ta maye gurbin tsohuwar ''makarantar middelskole'', kuma ita ce matakin da ke tsakanin ''makarantar folkeskole'' (makarantar firamare) da makarantar motsa jiki . Yawancinsu sun bar makaranta bayan ''makarantar folkeskole'', kuma makarantar ''realskole'' an yi ta ne don shiri don ''makarantar motsa jiki'', wanda shi kansa shiri ne na karatun jami'a. Ƙananan tsiraru ne kawai ke halartar ''makarantar motsa jiki'' a wancan lokacin. == Duba kuma == * Realgymnasium == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8377kezendrkjim6xd03824481lwikf 3 161108 888278 884322 2026-07-27T20:36:16Z Mfield 41477 Mfield moved page [[Tattaunawar user:NetworkFresh]] to [[Tattaunawar user:ForeverRapid]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/NetworkFresh|NetworkFresh]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/ForeverRapid|ForeverRapid]]" 879202 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Edyyyyyy! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Edyyyyyy|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 8 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 8zuptvz7n2yrj5rznh107p0g51kdcpn 0 161194 888339 879877 2026-07-27T23:46:59Z M Bash Ne 12403 /* */ 888339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Julius Robinson''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1974) jami'in ɗan sandan Najeriya ne, wanda ke aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Superintendent of Police (ASP) a cikin rundunar ƴan sanda ta Najeriya . Shi ne kwamandan CP-Special Assignment Team (CP-SAT) a ƙarƙashin [[Delta State Police Command|Kwamandan ƴan sanda na Jihar Delta]] kuma an san shi da rawar da ya taka a ayyukan leken asiri game da satar mutane da fashi da makamai. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Julius Robinson a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], [[Najeriya]] . Ya girma ne a Imburu a yankin ƙaramar hukumar Numan, [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], bayan ya rasa iyayensa biyu tun yana ƙarami.<ref name=":01" /> Robinson ya halarci makarantar firamare ta LEA a Kaduna, kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a [[Jos]] da [[Yola]], Jihar Adamawa . <ref name=":01" /> Daga baya ya sami difloma a cikin Common Law daga [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] da kuma digiri na biyu a cikin Cybersecurity daga Jami'ar Novena, Ogume . <ref name=":01" /> == Ayyukan ƴan sanda == Robinson ya shiga rundunar ƴan sanda ta Najeriya a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1999 bayan kammala horo a Kwalejin ƴan sanda, Maiduguri . A cikin shekaru, ya yi aiki a cikin rakuni daban-daban, gami da Ofishin leken asiri na aikata laifuka a [[Minna]], Ofishin leƙen asiri na Jiha, Squad na Musamman na Kisan kai, rakuni na cybercrime, da Sufeto-Janar na Ƙungiyar leƙen asiri ta ƴan sanda. <ref name=":01" /> Ya umurci CP-Special Assignment Team (CP-SAT) a cikin [[Delta State Police Command|Kwamandan 'yan sanda na Jihar Delta]]. A cikin wannan rawar, tawagarsa ta gudanar da ayyuka masu yawa kamar haka: * A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, jami'an da ke karkashin jagorancinsa sun bi wadanda ake zargi da satar mutane zuwa Jihar Rivers kuma sun kama wanda ake zargi, sun dawo da bindigar [[AK-47]] da harsashi. * A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, an kashe masu satar mutane biyar da ake zargi da su a cikin gwagwarmayar bindiga bayan an gano su zuwa wani gandun daji a Ughelli North LGA, Jihar Delta. Makamai da aka dawo dasu sun hada da AK-47, bindiga mai aiki, da kuma bindigogi da aka yi a cikin gida. * A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2025, yayin wani sintiri na sirri a kan titin Ughelli-[[Patani]], CP-SAT karkashin jagorancin Robinson ya shiga wadanda ake zargi a cikin bas din, wanda ya haifar da duel na bindiga. Wadanda ake zargi guda uku sun ji mummunan rauni, kuma an gano bindiga daya na AK-47 tare da harsashi 18 na harsashi. * A watan Yulin 2025, tawagarsa, tare da hadin gwiwar wasu 'yan wasa, sun kama wani sanannen wanda ake zargi da satar mutane, Chiadiji "Smooth" Collins, kuma sun dawo da bindiga na AK-47 da zagaye 40 na harsashi na 7.62 mm.<ref name=":08">{{Cite web |last=Augustine Ehikioya |title=Nigeria: CP-SAT Nabs Suspected Kidnappers In Delta, Recovers Weapons, Ammunition |url=https://www.swafricanews.com/nigeria-cp-sat-nabs-suspected-kidnappers-in-delta-recovers-weapons-ammunition/ |access-date=17 November 2025 |website=Security Watch Africa}}</ref> * A watan Fabrairun 2025, tawagarsa ta kama wadanda ake zargi da 'yan fashi da masu satar mutane a yankin karamar hukuma ta Ughelli ta Arewa, inda suka dawo da bindigogi, harsashi, kayan soja, da sauran kayan aiki. == Kyaututtuka da karɓuwa == A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2025, an kira Robinson jami'in 'yan sanda na Afirka wanda aka haɗa a cikin Who's Who Africa Bibliographical Compendium (2025), wanda Time Africa Magazine ta buga. An girmama shi a matsayin "Mafi Kyawun ƴan Sanda na Afirka na Shekara" a taron bayar da kyautar. Ya kuma sami wasu kyaututtuka, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Tsaro ta Afirka Triple Award da Crime Buster of the Year (2023) daga Kungiyar Masu ba da rahoto na Najeriya.<ref name=":01" /> == Ci gaban sana'a == Robinson ya gudanar da horo na ƙasa da ƙasa don kammala karatun leken asiri da kariya ta VIP a [[Isra'ila]] kuma daga baya ya horar da shi a cikin binciken leken asiri a [[California]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. == Dubi kuma == * [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|Sojojin Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == * [https://www.npf.gov.ng/ Shafin yanar gizon rundunar 'yan sanda ta Najeriya] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] oqy5lm0aobt98ab8h0na393n9eyynqb 0 161503 888411 882372 2026-07-28T10:25:53Z BnHamid 12586 BnHamid moved page [[Self Esteem]] to [[Self Esteem (mawakiya)]] 882372 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Rebecca Lucy Taylor''' (an haife ta a 15 ga Oktoba 1986), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rebecca Lucy taylor |url=https://twitter.com/SELFESTEEM___/status/1581239504169758721 |access-date=22 March 2023 |website=twitter.com}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Self Esteem, mawaƙiya ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Ingila. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=7 June 2019 |title=Self Esteem is better off on her own |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-48369910 |website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Da farko an san ta da rabi na [[Slow Club|Kungiyar Slow Club]], ta ƙaddamar da aikin solo a matsayin Self Esteem tare da ɗayan "Matarka" a cikin 2017, sannan kuma ya biyo bayan kundin studio Compliments Please a cikin 2019, Priority Pleasure a cikin 2021 da A Complicated Woman a cikin 2025. Mai kida da yawa, mai murya, marubucin waƙa da kuma mawaƙin wasan kwaikwayo, ta lashe lambar yabo ta BBC Music Introducing Artist of the Year ta 2021 kuma ta sami gabatarwa don [[Mercury Prize|Kyautar Mercury]] a 2022 tare da Prioritise Pleasure . A matsayinta na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, Taylor ta yi aiki a kan mataki kuma ta bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar I Hate Suzie da Smothered . Daga Satumba 2023 zuwa Maris 2024 ta taka rawar Sally Bowles a cikin West End samar da ''Cabaret'', kuma a halin yanzu tana fitowa a cikin farfadowar West End na Teeth 'n' Smiles . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Taylor kuma ta girma a Rotherham, Ingila. Mahaifinta mai ba da shawara ne game da kiwon lafiya da tsaro kuma mai son kiɗa a cikin ƙungiyar, <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Barker |first=Stuart |date=29 November 2018 |title=Interview: Self Esteem |url=https://www.strongisland.co/2018/11/29/interview-self-esteem/ |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Strong Island}}</ref> kuma mahaifiyarta sakatariya ce. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wales a Rotherham inda ta yaba wa malamin kiɗa Antony Wright tare da koya mata waka. Babban sha'awarta tun tana yarinya shine kiɗa, rawa <ref name=":12" /> da [[Kurket|wasan kurket]] kuma ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mafi kyawun mawaƙa" yayin da take makaranta.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Fisher |first=Maggie |title="I'm pretty f***ing selfish. I do it for myself.": An interview with Self Esteem |url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/music/22150 |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Varsity Online}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=El |date=20 August 2021 |title=Self Esteem: "I want to use the palatable nature of pop to Trojan horse in my agenda" |url=https://www.nme.com/big-reads/self-esteem-cover-interview-2021-rebecca-taylor-prioritise-pleasure-3024342 |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=NME}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=The importance of Self Esteem |url=https://www.redbull.com/gb-en/theredbulletin/self-esteem-music-rebecca-lucy-taylor-interview |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Red Bull}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === 2006-2017: aikin kiɗa kafin Girmama kai === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Taylor a baya ta kasance memba na duo na Slow Club, wanda aka kafa a [[Sheffield]] a shekara ta 2006. Kungiyar ta kunshi masu kida da yawa Charles Watson da Taylor, tare da Watson a kan piano, Taylor a kan drum, kuma duka suna yin katako da murya. Kungiyar ta dakatar da aiki a cikin 2017, biyo bayan yawon shakatawa mai zurfi don tallafawa kundi na karshe, saboda bambancin sha'awar kiɗa da Taylor yana jin ba a cika shi ba. <ref>{{Cite tweet|last=Taylor|first=Rebecca Lucy|user=SELFESTEEM___|date=5 September 2018|title=@robfuller91 Both doing solo stuff for a bit|access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="Noisey2019">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Daisy |date=14 January 2019 |title=Self Esteem and I Cheered Each Other Up at Winter Wonderland |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/self-esteem-rebecca-taylor-interview-2019-first-date/ |website=Noisey}}</ref> Yawon shakatawa na karshe na Slow Club a cikin hunturu na 2016, da rashin gamsuwa da rashin farin ciki na Taylor tare da ƙungiyar, an kama su a cikin shirin Our Most Brilliant Friends, wanda Piers Dennis ya jagoranta kuma aka saki a cikin 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Piers |date=2 November 2018 |title=Our Most Brilliant Friends |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10360970/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |access-date=4 February 2023 |publisher=Riff Raff Films |type=Documentary}}</ref> === 2015-2020: Bayyanar Girman Kai da Yabo Don Allah''Yabo da fatan alheri'' === Taylor ya fara sanya zane-zane da gajerun bayanai a kan [[Instagram]] a karkashin sunan Self Esteem a cikin 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM on Instagram: "Look out fuckers I'm coming for you. Thanks @lucyneedsofficial #selfesteem" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/yPsTyoOThE/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Instagram}}</ref> Kafin ta saki kiɗa a ƙarƙashin sunan, ta yi amfani da Self Esteem don ayyukan fasaha da yawa ciki har da nune-nunen zane-zane da bugawa, da gajeren fina-finai. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM – SELF ESTEEM added a new photo. |url=https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1795656080453824/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chindit Courting from Rebecca Lucy Taylor on Vimeo |url=https://player.vimeo.com/video/86772060 |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=player.vimeo.com}}</ref> Da take magana game da sunanta na mataki, Taylor ta ce ta yanke shawarar sunan kusan shekaru shida kafin ta fara amfani da shi, kuma cewa "Ina so in kira shi Sex Appeal ko Self Stem ... 'saboda sunayen ƙungiyar ba su da kyau, kamar, babu masu kyau. Amma tabbas ya kamata in kira shi Rebecca Lucy Taylor".<ref name=":3" /> Babban magoya bayan Sarauniya, ta kafa tambarin ta a kan sa hannun [[Freddie Mercury]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2021 |title=Elis James & John Robins BBC Radio 5 Show |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0010034 |access-date=2 October 2021 |website=BBC}}</ref>{{Spaces}} Taylor ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da amincewa don bin aikin solo bayan kallon RuPaul's Drag Race - "wannan duk halin da ba a jin kunyar kasancewa da tabbaci ko haske". Ta yaba wa Jamie T da ƙarfafa ta ta ta saki kiɗanta bayan ta raba wasu ayyukanta na farko tare da shi; kundin sa na 2016 Trick ya <nowiki><i id="mwrw">Ƙarya</i></nowiki> da waƙar da ake kira "Self Esteem".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM – SELF ESTEEM added a new photo. |url=https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1795656080453824/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Facebook.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1795656080453824/ "SELF ESTEEM – SELF ESTEEM added a new photo"]. ''Facebook.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Taylor ta fitar da kiɗanta ta farko a ƙarƙashin sunan girmama kai, "Matarka", a watan Satumbar 2017, tare da "OMG" a matsayin B-gefe. An saki waƙar a kan Kick + Clap, lakabin da memba na Django Django Dave MacLean ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Robin |date=17 October 2014 |title=Django Django's Dave MacLean Launches New Label |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/django-djangos-dave-maclean-launches-new-label |access-date=20 March 2019 |website=Clash Magazine}}</ref> Nunin ta na farko a matsayin Self Esteem ya kasance a watan Oktoba 2017 a Margate Arts Club . <ref>{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM – MY FIRST LIVE SHOW IS TOMORROW IN MARGATE {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1857399257612839/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> Taylor ya ci gaba da nunawa a kan waƙar Django Django "Surface to Air", wanda ya bayyana a cikin kundin ƙungiyar na 2018 Marble Skies . An rubuta waƙoƙi don kundi na farko na Self Esteem Compliments Please daga Janairu zuwa Satumba 2018, kuma Taylor ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar solo tare da Fiction Records a watan Afrilu na 2018. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=Last night I signed a deal with @FictionRecords as a solo lady. I am very happy and excited. And hungover. https://t.co/SHIyBQP1Jr|access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> A lokacin rikodin ta taka leda kai tsaye a Latitude, Tramlines da kuma wasan kwaikwayo da aka sayar a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Omeara a London, sannan ya biyo bayan yawon shakatawa na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] takwas a cikin kaka na 2018. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=Baby just let in your truth. https://t.co/bn0b4oLlzm|access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=DOING SMALL TOUR ideally won't be this cheap to see me for much longer lads so come to this ! https://t.co/ZKx3uIy0nN https://t.co/h2fsPr1cpG|access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref> An saki na farko "Wrestling" a watan Yulin 2018 sannan "Rollout" a watan Satumbar 2018, "The Best" a watan Janairun 2019 da "Girl Crush" a watan Fabrairun 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=self esteem {{!}} Dork |url=https://readdork.com/search/self+esteem/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Readdork.com}}</ref> An saki yabo Don Allah a ranar 1 ga Maris 2019 a kan Fiction Records . An karbe shi da kyau, tare da matsakaicin darajar 80/100 bisa ga Metacritic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compliments Please by Self Esteem |url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/compliments-please/self-esteem |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> An saki wani nau'i mai daraja a watan Oktoba na 2019 tare da ƙarin waƙar "Rooms".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Self Esteem unveils new track "Rooms" from deluxe edition of debut album |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/self-esteem-unveils-new-track-rooms-from-deluxe-edition-of-debut-album |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=The Line of Best Fit}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019 Self Esteem ya kammala yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya na kwanaki 11 don tallafawa sakin kundin kuma ya buga a bukukuwan Burtaniya ciki har da Glastonbury, British Summer Time da Latitude. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=Tickets to see me live in March are guaranteed to be the coolest most innovative gift for your friend or family member this Christmas. https://t.co/Qu5KlIshr1 https://t.co/0daLukV1jf|access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM Gigography, Tour History & Past Concerts |url=https://www.songkick.com/artists/9686864-self-esteem/gigography |access-date=5 November 2021 |website=Songkick.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glastonbury Festival – 2019 |url=https://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/line-up/line-up-2019/ |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Glastonbury Festival – 21st–25 June 2017}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019 ta fitar da wata waka mai zaman kanta, "Duk abin da nake so don Kirsimeti shine imel ɗin aiki", wanda aka rubuta a Abbey Road Studios.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2019 |title=Self Esteem has released a brand new festive track, 'All I Want For Christmas Is A Work Email' {{!}} Dork |url=https://readdork.com/news/self-esteem-has-released-a-brand-new-festive-track-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-a-work-email/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Readdork.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Mayu 2020, Self Esteem ta fitar da Cuddles Please EP, <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2020 |title=Self Esteem announces new 'Cuddles Please' EP |url=https://diymag.com/news/self-esteem-cuddles-please-ep-announcement-listen-favourite-problem |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=DIY}}</ref> tare da sassan waƙoƙi daga Compliments Please - "Matsalar da aka fi so", "Mafi Kyau" da "A Lokaci" - tare da murfin "Miami Memory" na Alex Cameron. EP ɗin yana da muryoyin Neighbourhood Voices, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta [[Sheffield]]. A farkon watanni na annobar COVID-19 a cikin 2020 ta shirya bikin mata na kan layi, Pxssy Pandemique, don tara kuɗi don Taimako na Mata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2020 |title=Self Esteem kicks off her second online festival PXSSY PANDEMIQUE today {{!}} Dork |url=https://readdork.com/news/self-esteem-kicks-off-her-second-online-festival-pxssy-pandemique-today/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Readdork.com}}</ref> === 2021-2023: Ka fi dacewa da jin daɗi''Ka fi son Nishaɗi'' === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Yawancin kundin Self Esteem na biyu an rubuta shi kafin annobar COVID-19 wanda ya haifar da ƙuntatawa na kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Burtaniya daga Maris 2020 zuwa gaba. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun jinkirta rikodin da saki. An rubuta rikodin tare, an rubuta shi kuma an samar da shi tare da Johan Hugo Karlberg, mai gabatarwa wanda kuma ya yi aiki a kan Compliments Please .''Yabo da fatan alheri.'' An saki na farko daga cikin kundin, "Ina yin wannan duk lokacin" a watan Afrilun 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richards |first=Will |date=28 April 2021 |title=Self Esteem returns with powerful new song 'I Do This All The Time' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-returns-with-powerful-new-song-i-do-this-all-the-time-2929679 |access-date=6 May 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> Magana mai yawa, kuma saboda haka idan aka kwatanta da Baz Luhrmann's "Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci (To Wear Sunscreen) ", Taylor ya ce "Na shiga wannan ɗakin karatu a Sheffield kawai don gwaji, kuma na ƙare da gina waƙar goyon baya, kuma kawai na karanta bayanan iPhone na a jere".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=El |date=20 August 2021 |title=On the Cover - Self Esteem: "I want to use the palatable nature of pop to Trojan horse in my agenda" |url=https://www.nme.com/big-reads/self-esteem-cover-interview-2021-rebecca-taylor-prioritise-pleasure-3024342 |access-date=3 July 2024 |website=NME}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Start showing off: in conversation with Self Esteem |url=https://www.loudandquiet.com/interview/start-showing-off-in-conversation-with-self-esteem/ |access-date=22 March 2023 |website=Loud And Quiet}}</ref> Ɗaya ya kasance babbar nasara da cinikayya, kuma Tracey Thorn da Jack Antonoff sun yaba da shi. Ya wakilci ci gaban masana'antar kiɗa na farko na Taylor. A cikin wata hira ta 2021 ta ce ta riga ta yi ƙarya game da shekarunta kuma ta ce tana da shekaru 25, kuma ya ɗauki ta "na ɗan lokaci don yin alfahari" da shiga cikin masana'antar a cikin shekaru talatin.<ref name="auto" /> A watan Yulin, ta fitar da waƙar taken kuma ta sanar da cewa rikodin, Prioritise Pleasure, zai dace da yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Sam |date=8 July 2021 |title=Self Esteem announces new album 'Prioritise Pleasure' and shares title track |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-announces-new-album-prioritise-pleasure-and-shares-title-track-2988522 |access-date=16 August 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> A watan Agusta, Self Esteem ya fitar da na uku, "Yaya zan iya taimaka maka".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lavin |first=Will |date=23 August 2021 |title=Self Esteem takes aim at the objectification of women on new single 'How Can I Help You' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-takes-aim-objectification-women-new-single-how-can-i-help-you-3026854 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> Taylor ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa ga waɗancan mutane, yana yin fim din duka uku a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Almeida . <ref name=":0" /> A watan Satumba, an saki "Moody".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Sam |date=16 September 2021 |title=Self Esteem shares new single 'Moody' and announces 2022 UK tour |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-shares-new-single-moody-and-announces-2022-uk-tour-3047288 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> Louise Bhose ce ta ba da umarnin bidiyon "Moody" kuma tana nuna ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Alistair Green tare da Taylor . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Sam |date=13 October 2021 |title=Self Esteem shares new video for 'Moody' featuring Alistair Green |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-shares-new-video-for-moody-featuring-alistair-green-3069366 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> A watan Oktoba, Self Esteem ya fitar da "You Forever", na karshe da ya gabata kafin kundin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Qureshi |first=Arusa |date=20 October 2021 |title=Self Esteem shares empowering new track, 'You Forever' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-shares-empowering-new-track-you-forever-3075050 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> An saki Prioritise Pleasure a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2021. Yawon shakatawa na UK Self Esteem ya fara ne a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2021 a [[Edinburgh]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM Gigography, Tour History & Past Concerts |url=https://www.songkick.com/artists/9686864-self-esteem/gigography |access-date=5 November 2021 |website=Songkick.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.songkick.com/artists/9686864-self-esteem/gigography "SELF ESTEEM Gigography, Tour History & Past Concerts"]. ''Songkick.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''The Sunday Times'' and ''Gigwise'' ranked ''Prioritise Pleasure'' as the best album of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gigwise 51 Best Albums of 2021 |url=https://www.gigwise.com/features/3413487/the-gigwise-51-best-albums-of-2021 |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Gigwise}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |last2=Snapes |first2=Laura |date=17 December 2021 |title=The 50 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/nov/30/the-50-best-albums-of-2021 |access-date=17 December 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ''NME'' ranked the album as the fourth best of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2021 |title=The 50 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.nme.com/big-reads/nme-best-albums-of-the-year-2021-3114833 |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' named "I Do This All The Time" as the best song of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |last2=Snapes |first2=Laura |date=29 November 2021 |title=The 20 best songs of 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/nov/29/the-20-best-songs-of-2021 |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] skewk4z1p9mqud8vbpgpkzawez2rgp7 888413 888411 2026-07-28T10:26:26Z BnHamid 12586 888413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rebecca Lucy Taylor''' (an haife ta a 15 ga Oktoba 1986), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rebecca Lucy taylor |url=https://twitter.com/SELFESTEEM___/status/1581239504169758721 |access-date=22 March 2023 |website=twitter.com}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Self Esteem, mawaƙiya ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Ingila. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=7 June 2019 |title=Self Esteem is better off on her own |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-48369910 |website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Da farko an san ta da rabi na [[Slow Club|Kungiyar Slow Club]], ta ƙaddamar da aikin solo a matsayin Self Esteem tare da ɗayan "Matarka" a cikin 2017, sannan kuma ya biyo bayan kundin studio Compliments Please a cikin 2019, Priority Pleasure a cikin 2021 da A Complicated Woman a cikin 2025. Mai kida da yawa, mai murya, marubucin waƙa da kuma mawaƙin wasan kwaikwayo, ta lashe lambar yabo ta BBC Music Introducing Artist of the Year ta 2021 kuma ta sami gabatarwa don [[Mercury Prize|Kyautar Mercury]] a 2022 tare da Prioritise Pleasure . A matsayinta na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, Taylor ta yi aiki a kan mataki kuma ta bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar I Hate Suzie da Smothered . Daga Satumba 2023 zuwa Maris 2024 ta taka rawar Sally Bowles a cikin West End samar da ''Cabaret'', kuma a halin yanzu tana fitowa a cikin farfadowar West End na Teeth 'n' Smiles . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Taylor kuma ta girma a Rotherham, Ingila. Mahaifinta mai ba da shawara ne game da kiwon lafiya da tsaro kuma mai son kiɗa a cikin ƙungiyar, <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Barker |first=Stuart |date=29 November 2018 |title=Interview: Self Esteem |url=https://www.strongisland.co/2018/11/29/interview-self-esteem/ |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Strong Island}}</ref> kuma mahaifiyarta sakatariya ce. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wales a Rotherham inda ta yaba wa malamin kiɗa Antony Wright tare da koya mata waka. Babban sha'awarta tun tana yarinya shine kiɗa, rawa <ref name=":12" /> da [[Kurket|wasan kurket]] kuma ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mafi kyawun mawaƙa" yayin da take makaranta.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Fisher |first=Maggie |title="I'm pretty f***ing selfish. I do it for myself.": An interview with Self Esteem |url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/music/22150 |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Varsity Online}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=El |date=20 August 2021 |title=Self Esteem: "I want to use the palatable nature of pop to Trojan horse in my agenda" |url=https://www.nme.com/big-reads/self-esteem-cover-interview-2021-rebecca-taylor-prioritise-pleasure-3024342 |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=NME}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=The importance of Self Esteem |url=https://www.redbull.com/gb-en/theredbulletin/self-esteem-music-rebecca-lucy-taylor-interview |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Red Bull}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === 2006-2017: aikin kiɗa kafin Girmama kai === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Taylor a baya ta kasance memba na duo na Slow Club, wanda aka kafa a [[Sheffield]] a shekara ta 2006. Kungiyar ta kunshi masu kida da yawa Charles Watson da Taylor, tare da Watson a kan piano, Taylor a kan drum, kuma duka suna yin katako da murya. Kungiyar ta dakatar da aiki a cikin 2017, biyo bayan yawon shakatawa mai zurfi don tallafawa kundi na karshe, saboda bambancin sha'awar kiɗa da Taylor yana jin ba a cika shi ba. <ref>{{Cite tweet|last=Taylor|first=Rebecca Lucy|user=SELFESTEEM___|date=5 September 2018|title=@robfuller91 Both doing solo stuff for a bit|access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="Noisey2019">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Daisy |date=14 January 2019 |title=Self Esteem and I Cheered Each Other Up at Winter Wonderland |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/self-esteem-rebecca-taylor-interview-2019-first-date/ |website=Noisey}}</ref> Yawon shakatawa na karshe na Slow Club a cikin hunturu na 2016, da rashin gamsuwa da rashin farin ciki na Taylor tare da ƙungiyar, an kama su a cikin shirin Our Most Brilliant Friends, wanda Piers Dennis ya jagoranta kuma aka saki a cikin 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Piers |date=2 November 2018 |title=Our Most Brilliant Friends |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10360970/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |access-date=4 February 2023 |publisher=Riff Raff Films |type=Documentary}}</ref> === 2015-2020: Bayyanar Girman Kai da Yabo Don Allah''Yabo da fatan alheri'' === Taylor ya fara sanya zane-zane da gajerun bayanai a kan [[Instagram]] a karkashin sunan Self Esteem a cikin 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM on Instagram: "Look out fuckers I'm coming for you. Thanks @lucyneedsofficial #selfesteem" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/yPsTyoOThE/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Instagram}}</ref> Kafin ta saki kiɗa a ƙarƙashin sunan, ta yi amfani da Self Esteem don ayyukan fasaha da yawa ciki har da nune-nunen zane-zane da bugawa, da gajeren fina-finai. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM – SELF ESTEEM added a new photo. |url=https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1795656080453824/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chindit Courting from Rebecca Lucy Taylor on Vimeo |url=https://player.vimeo.com/video/86772060 |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=player.vimeo.com}}</ref> Da take magana game da sunanta na mataki, Taylor ta ce ta yanke shawarar sunan kusan shekaru shida kafin ta fara amfani da shi, kuma cewa "Ina so in kira shi Sex Appeal ko Self Stem ... 'saboda sunayen ƙungiyar ba su da kyau, kamar, babu masu kyau. Amma tabbas ya kamata in kira shi Rebecca Lucy Taylor".<ref name=":3" /> Babban magoya bayan Sarauniya, ta kafa tambarin ta a kan sa hannun [[Freddie Mercury]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2021 |title=Elis James & John Robins BBC Radio 5 Show |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0010034 |access-date=2 October 2021 |website=BBC}}</ref>{{Spaces}} Taylor ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da amincewa don bin aikin solo bayan kallon RuPaul's Drag Race - "wannan duk halin da ba a jin kunyar kasancewa da tabbaci ko haske". Ta yaba wa Jamie T da ƙarfafa ta ta ta saki kiɗanta bayan ta raba wasu ayyukanta na farko tare da shi; kundin sa na 2016 Trick ya <nowiki><i id="mwrw">Ƙarya</i></nowiki> da waƙar da ake kira "Self Esteem".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM – SELF ESTEEM added a new photo. |url=https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1795656080453824/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Facebook.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1795656080453824/ "SELF ESTEEM – SELF ESTEEM added a new photo"]. ''Facebook.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Taylor ta fitar da kiɗanta ta farko a ƙarƙashin sunan girmama kai, "Matarka", a watan Satumbar 2017, tare da "OMG" a matsayin B-gefe. An saki waƙar a kan Kick + Clap, lakabin da memba na Django Django Dave MacLean ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Robin |date=17 October 2014 |title=Django Django's Dave MacLean Launches New Label |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/django-djangos-dave-maclean-launches-new-label |access-date=20 March 2019 |website=Clash Magazine}}</ref> Nunin ta na farko a matsayin Self Esteem ya kasance a watan Oktoba 2017 a Margate Arts Club . <ref>{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM – MY FIRST LIVE SHOW IS TOMORROW IN MARGATE {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1857399257612839/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> Taylor ya ci gaba da nunawa a kan waƙar Django Django "Surface to Air", wanda ya bayyana a cikin kundin ƙungiyar na 2018 Marble Skies . An rubuta waƙoƙi don kundi na farko na Self Esteem Compliments Please daga Janairu zuwa Satumba 2018, kuma Taylor ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar solo tare da Fiction Records a watan Afrilu na 2018. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=Last night I signed a deal with @FictionRecords as a solo lady. I am very happy and excited. And hungover. https://t.co/SHIyBQP1Jr|access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> A lokacin rikodin ta taka leda kai tsaye a Latitude, Tramlines da kuma wasan kwaikwayo da aka sayar a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Omeara a London, sannan ya biyo bayan yawon shakatawa na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] takwas a cikin kaka na 2018. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=Baby just let in your truth. https://t.co/bn0b4oLlzm|access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=DOING SMALL TOUR ideally won't be this cheap to see me for much longer lads so come to this ! https://t.co/ZKx3uIy0nN https://t.co/h2fsPr1cpG|access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref> An saki na farko "Wrestling" a watan Yulin 2018 sannan "Rollout" a watan Satumbar 2018, "The Best" a watan Janairun 2019 da "Girl Crush" a watan Fabrairun 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=self esteem {{!}} Dork |url=https://readdork.com/search/self+esteem/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Readdork.com}}</ref> An saki yabo Don Allah a ranar 1 ga Maris 2019 a kan Fiction Records . An karbe shi da kyau, tare da matsakaicin darajar 80/100 bisa ga Metacritic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compliments Please by Self Esteem |url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/compliments-please/self-esteem |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> An saki wani nau'i mai daraja a watan Oktoba na 2019 tare da ƙarin waƙar "Rooms".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Self Esteem unveils new track "Rooms" from deluxe edition of debut album |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/self-esteem-unveils-new-track-rooms-from-deluxe-edition-of-debut-album |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=The Line of Best Fit}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019 Self Esteem ya kammala yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya na kwanaki 11 don tallafawa sakin kundin kuma ya buga a bukukuwan Burtaniya ciki har da Glastonbury, British Summer Time da Latitude. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=Tickets to see me live in March are guaranteed to be the coolest most innovative gift for your friend or family member this Christmas. https://t.co/Qu5KlIshr1 https://t.co/0daLukV1jf|access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM Gigography, Tour History & Past Concerts |url=https://www.songkick.com/artists/9686864-self-esteem/gigography |access-date=5 November 2021 |website=Songkick.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glastonbury Festival – 2019 |url=https://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/line-up/line-up-2019/ |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Glastonbury Festival – 21st–25 June 2017}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019 ta fitar da wata waka mai zaman kanta, "Duk abin da nake so don Kirsimeti shine imel ɗin aiki", wanda aka rubuta a Abbey Road Studios.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2019 |title=Self Esteem has released a brand new festive track, 'All I Want For Christmas Is A Work Email' {{!}} Dork |url=https://readdork.com/news/self-esteem-has-released-a-brand-new-festive-track-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-a-work-email/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Readdork.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Mayu 2020, Self Esteem ta fitar da Cuddles Please EP, <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2020 |title=Self Esteem announces new 'Cuddles Please' EP |url=https://diymag.com/news/self-esteem-cuddles-please-ep-announcement-listen-favourite-problem |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=DIY}}</ref> tare da sassan waƙoƙi daga Compliments Please - "Matsalar da aka fi so", "Mafi Kyau" da "A Lokaci" - tare da murfin "Miami Memory" na Alex Cameron. EP ɗin yana da muryoyin Neighbourhood Voices, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta [[Sheffield]]. A farkon watanni na annobar COVID-19 a cikin 2020 ta shirya bikin mata na kan layi, Pxssy Pandemique, don tara kuɗi don Taimako na Mata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2020 |title=Self Esteem kicks off her second online festival PXSSY PANDEMIQUE today {{!}} Dork |url=https://readdork.com/news/self-esteem-kicks-off-her-second-online-festival-pxssy-pandemique-today/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Readdork.com}}</ref> === 2021-2023: Ka fi dacewa da jin daɗi''Ka fi son Nishaɗi'' === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Yawancin kundin Self Esteem na biyu an rubuta shi kafin annobar COVID-19 wanda ya haifar da ƙuntatawa na kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Burtaniya daga Maris 2020 zuwa gaba. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun jinkirta rikodin da saki. An rubuta rikodin tare, an rubuta shi kuma an samar da shi tare da Johan Hugo Karlberg, mai gabatarwa wanda kuma ya yi aiki a kan Compliments Please .''Yabo da fatan alheri.'' An saki na farko daga cikin kundin, "Ina yin wannan duk lokacin" a watan Afrilun 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richards |first=Will |date=28 April 2021 |title=Self Esteem returns with powerful new song 'I Do This All The Time' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-returns-with-powerful-new-song-i-do-this-all-the-time-2929679 |access-date=6 May 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> Magana mai yawa, kuma saboda haka idan aka kwatanta da Baz Luhrmann's "Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci (To Wear Sunscreen) ", Taylor ya ce "Na shiga wannan ɗakin karatu a Sheffield kawai don gwaji, kuma na ƙare da gina waƙar goyon baya, kuma kawai na karanta bayanan iPhone na a jere".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=El |date=20 August 2021 |title=On the Cover - Self Esteem: "I want to use the palatable nature of pop to Trojan horse in my agenda" |url=https://www.nme.com/big-reads/self-esteem-cover-interview-2021-rebecca-taylor-prioritise-pleasure-3024342 |access-date=3 July 2024 |website=NME}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Start showing off: in conversation with Self Esteem |url=https://www.loudandquiet.com/interview/start-showing-off-in-conversation-with-self-esteem/ |access-date=22 March 2023 |website=Loud And Quiet}}</ref> Ɗaya ya kasance babbar nasara da cinikayya, kuma Tracey Thorn da Jack Antonoff sun yaba da shi. Ya wakilci ci gaban masana'antar kiɗa na farko na Taylor. A cikin wata hira ta 2021 ta ce ta riga ta yi ƙarya game da shekarunta kuma ta ce tana da shekaru 25, kuma ya ɗauki ta "na ɗan lokaci don yin alfahari" da shiga cikin masana'antar a cikin shekaru talatin.<ref name="auto" /> A watan Yulin, ta fitar da waƙar taken kuma ta sanar da cewa rikodin, Prioritise Pleasure, zai dace da yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Sam |date=8 July 2021 |title=Self Esteem announces new album 'Prioritise Pleasure' and shares title track |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-announces-new-album-prioritise-pleasure-and-shares-title-track-2988522 |access-date=16 August 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> A watan Agusta, Self Esteem ya fitar da na uku, "Yaya zan iya taimaka maka".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lavin |first=Will |date=23 August 2021 |title=Self Esteem takes aim at the objectification of women on new single 'How Can I Help You' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-takes-aim-objectification-women-new-single-how-can-i-help-you-3026854 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> Taylor ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa ga waɗancan mutane, yana yin fim din duka uku a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Almeida . <ref name=":0" /> A watan Satumba, an saki "Moody".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Sam |date=16 September 2021 |title=Self Esteem shares new single 'Moody' and announces 2022 UK tour |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-shares-new-single-moody-and-announces-2022-uk-tour-3047288 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> Louise Bhose ce ta ba da umarnin bidiyon "Moody" kuma tana nuna ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Alistair Green tare da Taylor . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Sam |date=13 October 2021 |title=Self Esteem shares new video for 'Moody' featuring Alistair Green |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-shares-new-video-for-moody-featuring-alistair-green-3069366 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> A watan Oktoba, Self Esteem ya fitar da "You Forever", na karshe da ya gabata kafin kundin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Qureshi |first=Arusa |date=20 October 2021 |title=Self Esteem shares empowering new track, 'You Forever' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-shares-empowering-new-track-you-forever-3075050 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> An saki Prioritise Pleasure a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2021. Yawon shakatawa na UK Self Esteem ya fara ne a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2021 a [[Edinburgh]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM Gigography, Tour History & Past Concerts |url=https://www.songkick.com/artists/9686864-self-esteem/gigography |access-date=5 November 2021 |website=Songkick.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.songkick.com/artists/9686864-self-esteem/gigography "SELF ESTEEM Gigography, Tour History & Past Concerts"]. ''Songkick.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''The Sunday Times'' and ''Gigwise'' ranked ''Prioritise Pleasure'' as the best album of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gigwise 51 Best Albums of 2021 |url=https://www.gigwise.com/features/3413487/the-gigwise-51-best-albums-of-2021 |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Gigwise}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |last2=Snapes |first2=Laura |date=17 December 2021 |title=The 50 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/nov/30/the-50-best-albums-of-2021 |access-date=17 December 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ''NME'' ranked the album as the fourth best of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2021 |title=The 50 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.nme.com/big-reads/nme-best-albums-of-the-year-2021-3114833 |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' named "I Do This All The Time" as the best song of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |last2=Snapes |first2=Laura |date=29 November 2021 |title=The 20 best songs of 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/nov/29/the-20-best-songs-of-2021 |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tmxqou5j68enczd45tgftx6ypcdjfn8 888414 888413 2026-07-28T10:27:25Z BnHamid 12586 888414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rebecca Lucy Taylor''' (an haife ta a 15 ga Oktoba 1986), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rebecca Lucy taylor |url=https://twitter.com/SELFESTEEM___/status/1581239504169758721 |access-date=22 March 2023 |website=twitter.com}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da Self Esteem, mawaƙiya ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Ingila. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=7 June 2019 |title=Self Esteem is better off on her own |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-48369910 |website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Da farko an san ta da rabi na [[Slow Club|Kungiyar Slow Club]], ta ƙaddamar da aikin solo a matsayin Self Esteem tare da ɗayan "Matarka" a cikin 2017, sannan kuma ya biyo bayan kundin studio Compliments Please a cikin 2019, Priority Pleasure a cikin 2021 da A Complicated Woman a cikin 2025. Mai kida da yawa, mai murya, marubucin waƙa da kuma mawaƙin wasan kwaikwayo, ta lashe lambar yabo ta BBC Music Introducing Artist of the Year ta 2021 kuma ta sami gabatarwa don [[Mercury Prize|Kyautar Mercury]] a 2022 tare da Prioritise Pleasure . A matsayinta na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, Taylor ta yi aiki a kan mataki kuma ta bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar I Hate Suzie da Smothered . Daga Satumba 2023 zuwa Maris 2024 ta taka rawar Sally Bowles a cikin West End samar da ''Cabaret'', kuma a halin yanzu tana fitowa a cikin farfadowar West End na Teeth 'n' Smiles . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Taylor kuma ta girma a Rotherham, Ingila. Mahaifinta mai ba da shawara ne game da kiwon lafiya da tsaro kuma mai son kiɗa a cikin ƙungiyar, <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Barker |first=Stuart |date=29 November 2018 |title=Interview: Self Esteem |url=https://www.strongisland.co/2018/11/29/interview-self-esteem/ |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Strong Island}}</ref> kuma mahaifiyarta sakatariya ce. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wales a Rotherham inda ta yaba wa malamin kiɗa Antony Wright tare da koya mata waka. Babban sha'awarta tun tana yarinya shine kiɗa, rawa <ref name=":12" /> da [[Kurket|wasan kurket]] kuma ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mafi kyawun mawaƙa" yayin da take makaranta.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Fisher |first=Maggie |title="I'm pretty f***ing selfish. I do it for myself.": An interview with Self Esteem |url=https://www.varsity.co.uk/music/22150 |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Varsity Online}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=El |date=20 August 2021 |title=Self Esteem: "I want to use the palatable nature of pop to Trojan horse in my agenda" |url=https://www.nme.com/big-reads/self-esteem-cover-interview-2021-rebecca-taylor-prioritise-pleasure-3024342 |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=NME}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=The importance of Self Esteem |url=https://www.redbull.com/gb-en/theredbulletin/self-esteem-music-rebecca-lucy-taylor-interview |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Red Bull}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === 2006-2017: aikin kiɗa kafin Girmama kai === Taylor a baya ta kasance memba na duo na Slow Club, wanda aka kafa a [[Sheffield]] a shekara ta 2006. Kungiyar ta kunshi masu kida da yawa Charles Watson da Taylor, tare da Watson a kan piano, Taylor a kan drum, kuma duka suna yin katako da murya. Kungiyar ta dakatar da aiki a cikin 2017, biyo bayan yawon shakatawa mai zurfi don tallafawa kundi na karshe, saboda bambancin sha'awar kiɗa da Taylor yana jin ba a cika shi ba. <ref>{{Cite tweet|last=Taylor|first=Rebecca Lucy|user=SELFESTEEM___|date=5 September 2018|title=@robfuller91 Both doing solo stuff for a bit|access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="Noisey2019">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Daisy |date=14 January 2019 |title=Self Esteem and I Cheered Each Other Up at Winter Wonderland |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/self-esteem-rebecca-taylor-interview-2019-first-date/ |website=Noisey}}</ref> Yawon shakatawa na karshe na Slow Club a cikin hunturu na 2016, da rashin gamsuwa da rashin farin ciki na Taylor tare da ƙungiyar, an kama su a cikin shirin Our Most Brilliant Friends, wanda Piers Dennis ya jagoranta kuma aka saki a cikin 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dennis |first=Piers |date=2 November 2018 |title=Our Most Brilliant Friends |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10360970/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |access-date=4 February 2023 |publisher=Riff Raff Films |type=Documentary}}</ref> === 2015-2020: Bayyanar Girman Kai da Yabo Don Allah''Yabo da fatan alheri'' === Taylor ya fara sanya zane-zane da gajerun bayanai a kan [[Instagram]] a karkashin sunan Self Esteem a cikin 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM on Instagram: "Look out fuckers I'm coming for you. Thanks @lucyneedsofficial #selfesteem" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/yPsTyoOThE/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Instagram}}</ref> Kafin ta saki kiɗa a ƙarƙashin sunan, ta yi amfani da Self Esteem don ayyukan fasaha da yawa ciki har da nune-nunen zane-zane da bugawa, da gajeren fina-finai. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM – SELF ESTEEM added a new photo. |url=https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1795656080453824/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chindit Courting from Rebecca Lucy Taylor on Vimeo |url=https://player.vimeo.com/video/86772060 |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=player.vimeo.com}}</ref> Da take magana game da sunanta na mataki, Taylor ta ce ta yanke shawarar sunan kusan shekaru shida kafin ta fara amfani da shi, kuma cewa "Ina so in kira shi Sex Appeal ko Self Stem ... 'saboda sunayen ƙungiyar ba su da kyau, kamar, babu masu kyau. Amma tabbas ya kamata in kira shi Rebecca Lucy Taylor".<ref name=":3" /> Babban magoya bayan Sarauniya, ta kafa tambarin ta a kan sa hannun [[Freddie Mercury]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2021 |title=Elis James & John Robins BBC Radio 5 Show |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0010034 |access-date=2 October 2021 |website=BBC}}</ref>{{Spaces}} Taylor ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi da amincewa don bin aikin solo bayan kallon RuPaul's Drag Race - "wannan duk halin da ba a jin kunyar kasancewa da tabbaci ko haske". Ta yaba wa Jamie T da ƙarfafa ta ta ta saki kiɗanta bayan ta raba wasu ayyukanta na farko tare da shi; kundin sa na 2016 Trick ya <nowiki><i id="mwrw">Ƙarya</i></nowiki> da waƙar da ake kira "Self Esteem".<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM – SELF ESTEEM added a new photo. |url=https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1795656080453824/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Facebook.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1795656080453824/ "SELF ESTEEM – SELF ESTEEM added a new photo"]. ''Facebook.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Taylor ta fitar da kiɗanta ta farko a ƙarƙashin sunan girmama kai, "Matarka", a watan Satumbar 2017, tare da "OMG" a matsayin B-gefe. An saki waƙar a kan Kick + Clap, lakabin da memba na Django Django Dave MacLean ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Robin |date=17 October 2014 |title=Django Django's Dave MacLean Launches New Label |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/django-djangos-dave-maclean-launches-new-label |access-date=20 March 2019 |website=Clash Magazine}}</ref> Nunin ta na farko a matsayin Self Esteem ya kasance a watan Oktoba 2017 a Margate Arts Club . <ref>{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM – MY FIRST LIVE SHOW IS TOMORROW IN MARGATE {{!}} Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/RLTSELFESTEEM/photos/a.1592265354126232/1857399257612839/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Facebook.com}}</ref> Taylor ya ci gaba da nunawa a kan waƙar Django Django "Surface to Air", wanda ya bayyana a cikin kundin ƙungiyar na 2018 Marble Skies . An rubuta waƙoƙi don kundi na farko na Self Esteem Compliments Please daga Janairu zuwa Satumba 2018, kuma Taylor ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar solo tare da Fiction Records a watan Afrilu na 2018. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=Last night I signed a deal with @FictionRecords as a solo lady. I am very happy and excited. And hungover. https://t.co/SHIyBQP1Jr|access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref> A lokacin rikodin ta taka leda kai tsaye a Latitude, Tramlines da kuma wasan kwaikwayo da aka sayar a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Omeara a London, sannan ya biyo bayan yawon shakatawa na [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] takwas a cikin kaka na 2018. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=Baby just let in your truth. https://t.co/bn0b4oLlzm|access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=DOING SMALL TOUR ideally won't be this cheap to see me for much longer lads so come to this ! https://t.co/ZKx3uIy0nN https://t.co/h2fsPr1cpG|access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref> An saki na farko "Wrestling" a watan Yulin 2018 sannan "Rollout" a watan Satumbar 2018, "The Best" a watan Janairun 2019 da "Girl Crush" a watan Fabrairun 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=self esteem {{!}} Dork |url=https://readdork.com/search/self+esteem/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Readdork.com}}</ref> An saki yabo Don Allah a ranar 1 ga Maris 2019 a kan Fiction Records . An karbe shi da kyau, tare da matsakaicin darajar 80/100 bisa ga Metacritic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compliments Please by Self Esteem |url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/compliments-please/self-esteem |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> An saki wani nau'i mai daraja a watan Oktoba na 2019 tare da ƙarin waƙar "Rooms".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Self Esteem unveils new track "Rooms" from deluxe edition of debut album |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/self-esteem-unveils-new-track-rooms-from-deluxe-edition-of-debut-album |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=The Line of Best Fit}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019 Self Esteem ya kammala yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya na kwanaki 11 don tallafawa sakin kundin kuma ya buga a bukukuwan Burtaniya ciki har da Glastonbury, British Summer Time da Latitude. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SELFESTEEM___|title=Tickets to see me live in March are guaranteed to be the coolest most innovative gift for your friend or family member this Christmas. https://t.co/Qu5KlIshr1 https://t.co/0daLukV1jf|access-date=10 February 2023}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM Gigography, Tour History & Past Concerts |url=https://www.songkick.com/artists/9686864-self-esteem/gigography |access-date=5 November 2021 |website=Songkick.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glastonbury Festival – 2019 |url=https://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/line-up/line-up-2019/ |access-date=7 November 2021 |website=Glastonbury Festival – 21st–25 June 2017}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019 ta fitar da wata waka mai zaman kanta, "Duk abin da nake so don Kirsimeti shine imel ɗin aiki", wanda aka rubuta a Abbey Road Studios.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2019 |title=Self Esteem has released a brand new festive track, 'All I Want For Christmas Is A Work Email' {{!}} Dork |url=https://readdork.com/news/self-esteem-has-released-a-brand-new-festive-track-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-a-work-email/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Readdork.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Mayu 2020, Self Esteem ta fitar da Cuddles Please EP, <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2020 |title=Self Esteem announces new 'Cuddles Please' EP |url=https://diymag.com/news/self-esteem-cuddles-please-ep-announcement-listen-favourite-problem |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=DIY}}</ref> tare da sassan waƙoƙi daga Compliments Please - "Matsalar da aka fi so", "Mafi Kyau" da "A Lokaci" - tare da murfin "Miami Memory" na Alex Cameron. EP ɗin yana da muryoyin Neighbourhood Voices, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta [[Sheffield]]. A farkon watanni na annobar COVID-19 a cikin 2020 ta shirya bikin mata na kan layi, Pxssy Pandemique, don tara kuɗi don Taimako na Mata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2020 |title=Self Esteem kicks off her second online festival PXSSY PANDEMIQUE today {{!}} Dork |url=https://readdork.com/news/self-esteem-kicks-off-her-second-online-festival-pxssy-pandemique-today/ |access-date=4 February 2023 |website=Readdork.com}}</ref> === 2021-2023: Ka fi dacewa da jin daɗi''Ka fi son Nishaɗi'' === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Yawancin kundin Self Esteem na biyu an rubuta shi kafin annobar COVID-19 wanda ya haifar da ƙuntatawa na kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Burtaniya daga Maris 2020 zuwa gaba. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun jinkirta rikodin da saki. An rubuta rikodin tare, an rubuta shi kuma an samar da shi tare da Johan Hugo Karlberg, mai gabatarwa wanda kuma ya yi aiki a kan Compliments Please .''Yabo da fatan alheri.'' An saki na farko daga cikin kundin, "Ina yin wannan duk lokacin" a watan Afrilun 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richards |first=Will |date=28 April 2021 |title=Self Esteem returns with powerful new song 'I Do This All The Time' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-returns-with-powerful-new-song-i-do-this-all-the-time-2929679 |access-date=6 May 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> Magana mai yawa, kuma saboda haka idan aka kwatanta da Baz Luhrmann's "Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci (To Wear Sunscreen) ", Taylor ya ce "Na shiga wannan ɗakin karatu a Sheffield kawai don gwaji, kuma na ƙare da gina waƙar goyon baya, kuma kawai na karanta bayanan iPhone na a jere".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=El |date=20 August 2021 |title=On the Cover - Self Esteem: "I want to use the palatable nature of pop to Trojan horse in my agenda" |url=https://www.nme.com/big-reads/self-esteem-cover-interview-2021-rebecca-taylor-prioritise-pleasure-3024342 |access-date=3 July 2024 |website=NME}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Start showing off: in conversation with Self Esteem |url=https://www.loudandquiet.com/interview/start-showing-off-in-conversation-with-self-esteem/ |access-date=22 March 2023 |website=Loud And Quiet}}</ref> Ɗaya ya kasance babbar nasara da cinikayya, kuma Tracey Thorn da Jack Antonoff sun yaba da shi. Ya wakilci ci gaban masana'antar kiɗa na farko na Taylor. A cikin wata hira ta 2021 ta ce ta riga ta yi ƙarya game da shekarunta kuma ta ce tana da shekaru 25, kuma ya ɗauki ta "na ɗan lokaci don yin alfahari" da shiga cikin masana'antar a cikin shekaru talatin.<ref name="auto" /> A watan Yulin, ta fitar da waƙar taken kuma ta sanar da cewa rikodin, Prioritise Pleasure, zai dace da yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Sam |date=8 July 2021 |title=Self Esteem announces new album 'Prioritise Pleasure' and shares title track |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-announces-new-album-prioritise-pleasure-and-shares-title-track-2988522 |access-date=16 August 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> A watan Agusta, Self Esteem ya fitar da na uku, "Yaya zan iya taimaka maka".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lavin |first=Will |date=23 August 2021 |title=Self Esteem takes aim at the objectification of women on new single 'How Can I Help You' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-takes-aim-objectification-women-new-single-how-can-i-help-you-3026854 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> Taylor ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa ga waɗancan mutane, yana yin fim din duka uku a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Almeida . <ref name=":0" /> A watan Satumba, an saki "Moody".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Sam |date=16 September 2021 |title=Self Esteem shares new single 'Moody' and announces 2022 UK tour |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-shares-new-single-moody-and-announces-2022-uk-tour-3047288 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> Louise Bhose ce ta ba da umarnin bidiyon "Moody" kuma tana nuna ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Alistair Green tare da Taylor . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Sam |date=13 October 2021 |title=Self Esteem shares new video for 'Moody' featuring Alistair Green |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-shares-new-video-for-moody-featuring-alistair-green-3069366 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> A watan Oktoba, Self Esteem ya fitar da "You Forever", na karshe da ya gabata kafin kundin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Qureshi |first=Arusa |date=20 October 2021 |title=Self Esteem shares empowering new track, 'You Forever' |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/self-esteem-shares-empowering-new-track-you-forever-3075050 |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> An saki Prioritise Pleasure a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2021. Yawon shakatawa na UK Self Esteem ya fara ne a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2021 a [[Edinburgh]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=SELF ESTEEM Gigography, Tour History & Past Concerts |url=https://www.songkick.com/artists/9686864-self-esteem/gigography |access-date=5 November 2021 |website=Songkick.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.songkick.com/artists/9686864-self-esteem/gigography "SELF ESTEEM Gigography, Tour History & Past Concerts"]. ''Songkick.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''The Sunday Times'' and ''Gigwise'' ranked ''Prioritise Pleasure'' as the best album of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gigwise 51 Best Albums of 2021 |url=https://www.gigwise.com/features/3413487/the-gigwise-51-best-albums-of-2021 |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=Gigwise}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |last2=Snapes |first2=Laura |date=17 December 2021 |title=The 50 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/nov/30/the-50-best-albums-of-2021 |access-date=17 December 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ''NME'' ranked the album as the fourth best of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2021 |title=The 50 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.nme.com/big-reads/nme-best-albums-of-the-year-2021-3114833 |access-date=16 December 2021 |website=NME}}</ref> ''The Guardian'' named "I Do This All The Time" as the best song of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |last2=Snapes |first2=Laura |date=29 November 2021 |title=The 20 best songs of 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/nov/29/the-20-best-songs-of-2021 |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4kewmoy4q5yfgb8a2xvxvmurcl7le78 0 161537 888406 882640 2026-07-28T10:22:11Z BnHamid 12586 888406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ikedi Ohakim'''(an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Agusta 1957) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan siyasar Najeriya wanda ya zama gwamnan [[Jihar Imo]] da ke yankin [[South Eastern]] a watan Mayun 2007, inda ya tsaya takara a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[Progressive Peoples Alliance]] (PPA).<ref name=self>{{cite web |url=http://nggovernorsforum.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27&Itemid= |title=Governor Pius Ikedi Ohakim of Imo State |publisher=Nigeria Governors Forum |access-date=2009-12-30}}</ref> Daga baya ya koma jam'iyyar [[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP).<ref name=switch>{{Cite news |url = http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/14163/1/Ohakim-Leave-Imo-State-alone-Arthur-Nzeribe-tells-Orji-Kalu/Page1.html |title = Ohakim: Leave Imo State alone, Arthur Nzeribe tells Orji Kalu |date = 15 August 2009 |location=Nigeria |access-date = 2009-12-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091009105711/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/14163/1/Ohakim-Leave-Imo-State-alone-Arthur-Nzeribe-tells-Orji-Kalu/Page1.html |archive-date = 9 October 2009 |url-status = dead |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> ==Tarihi== An haifi Ikedi Ohakim a ranar 4 ga Agusta 1957 a [[Okohia]], cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Isiala Mbano]] ta [[Jihar Imo]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ikediohakim.com.ng/about%20ikedi/index.php |title = About Ikedi Ohakim |publisher = Ikedi Ohakim |access-date = 2010-02-13 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya yi karatu a [[University of Lagos]], inda ya samu digirin farko (BSc) a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci da kuma digirin digirgir (Master's Degree) a fannin Gudanarwa. Ya yi aiki fiye da shekaru 15 a kamfanonin First Aluminium da Tower Group. A shekarar 1997 ya zama Daraktan Zartarwa na Alucon, sannan daga baya ya zama Shugaban Mekalog Group, kamfanin injiniya da ke samar da kayayyaki da ayyuka ga sassan tsaro, gine-gine, ƙera kayayyaki, man fetur da iskar gas.<ref name=self/> Ohakim ya auri Barrista Chioma Ohakim, kuma suna da 'ya'ya biyar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imsuonline.com/govohakim.aspx |title=His Excellency Chief (Dr) Ohakim's Citation |publisher=Imo State University |date=May 2009 |access-date=2009-12-30 |archive-date=16 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816190543/http://www.imsuonline.com/govohakim.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata, [[Adanna Steinacker]], likita ce, 'yar kasuwa, mai gabatar da jawaban ƙarfafawa, kuma shahararriyar mai tasiri a kafafen sada zumunta. Ta auri wani ɗan ƙasar Jamus mai suna David Steinacker, wanda mashawarcin harkokin fasaha ne.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.ng/bi/strategy/meet-dr-adanna-steinacker-the-young-woman-on-a-mission-to-change-how-foreign-medical/c5x5qws|title=Meet Dr Adanna Steinacker|date=2015-05-01|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|access-date=2016-05-13}}</ref> ==Farkon shiga siyasa== An naɗa Ohakim Kwamishinan Kasuwanci, Masana'antu da Yawon Buɗe Ido na Jihar Imo daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 1993 a ƙarƙashin Gwamna [[Evan Enwerem]]. Sai dai gwamnatin ta ƙare bayan juyin mulkin soja da Janar [[Sani Abacha]] ya jagoranta.<ref name=self/> Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a Jihar Imo, kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa memba har zuwa watan Nuwamban 2006 lokacin da ya koma jam'iyyar Progressive Peoples Alliance (PPA). Ya tsaya takarar gwamnan Jihar Imo a ƙarƙashin PPA a zaɓen watan Afrilu na shekarar 2007.<ref name=vanelec>{{Cite news |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/06/24/2011-will-ohakim-yield-to-pdp-pull/|location=Lagos, Nigeria |title=2011: Will Ohakim yield to PDP pull? |date=24 June 2009 |author=Chidi Nkwopara |access-date=2009-12-30|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Ohakim ya bayyana cewa yana son ya zama ɗan takarar gwamna na PDP, amma ya janye saboda abin da ya kira "kasuwantar da tikitin jam'iyya", wanda ya sa ya koma wata jam'iyya. Ya kuma ce babu wani babban bambancin akida tsakanin PDP da PPA.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/07/there-is-no-difference-between-pdp-and-ppa-ohakim/|location=Lagos, Nigeria |title=There is no difference between PDP and PPA ... Ohakim |date=7 November 2009 |author1=Dayo Benson |author2=Okey Ndiribe |author3=Dapo Akinrefon |author4=James Ezema |access-date=2009-12-30|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Bayan barkewar tashin hankali a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2007 yayin zaɓe, [[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Najeriya (INEC)]] ta soke zaɓen tare da sake shirya shi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2007. Daga ƙarshe aka ayyana Ohakim a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen. Abokin hamayyarsa, Martins Agbaso na jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Grand Alliance]] (APGA), ya ƙalubalanci sakamakon, yana mai cewa shi ne ke kan gaba kafin a soke zaɓen farko kuma ya yi zargin an samu kura-kurai.<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/28272/1/Ohakim-Agbaso-await-Appeal--verdict/Page1.html |title = Ohakim, Agbaso await Appeal verdict |date = 10 December 2009 |location=Nigeria |access-date = 2009-12-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726122453/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/28272/1/Ohakim-Agbaso-await-Appeal--verdict/Page1.html |archive-date = 26 July 2011 |url-status = dead |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> Bayan doguwar shari'a, Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara da ke Abuja ta bayar da umarnin sake sauraron ƙarar a ranar 16 ga Disamba 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://news.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=11819 |title = Court Orders Fresh Trial of Agbaso's Petition Against Ohakim |date = 16 December 2009 |author = FELIX NNAMDI |publisher = Online Nigeria Daily News |access-date = 2009-12-30 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Gwamnan Jihar Imo== [[image:NigeriaImo.png|thumb|right|200px|[[Jihar Imo]] a cikin [[Najeriya]]]] A watan Afrilu na shekarar 2009, Ohakim ya jagoranci tawaga mai mutum goma sha huɗu zuwa [[Taiwan]] domin nazarin yadda wannan ƙasa mai ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa amma mai ci gaban tattalin arziki ta samu nasara, da kuma yadda za a iya amfani da irin waɗannan dabaru a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/opinion/2009/may/26/opinion-26-05-2009-002.htm|location=Lagos, Nigeria |title = Imo and the Taiwanese experience |author = Chuma Nnaji |date = 26 May 2009 |access-date = 2009-12-30 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ko da yake Jihar Imo na daga cikin jihohin da ke samar da danyen mai, hanyoyi da sauran ababen more rayuwa sun kasance cikin mawuyacin hali. A watan Yunin 2009, gwamnatin jihar ta fitar da bashin Naira biliyan 18.5 na tsawon shekara bakwai. Ohakim ya bayyana cewa za a kashe kashi 7% wajen gyaran samar da ruwan sha, kashi 20% wajen gyaran da gina hanyoyi, sannan kashi 68% wajen aikin Imo Wonder Lake da Cibiyar Taro ta [[Oguta]].<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/money/2009/july/09/Money-09-07-2009-001.htm|location=Lagos, Nigeria |title = Why we're issuing N18.5bn bond –Imo Govt |author = EMEKA OKOROANYANWU |date = 9 July 2009 |access-date = 2009-12-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090712103853/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/money/2009/july/09/Money-09-07-2009-001.htm |archive-date = 12 July 2009 |url-status = dead |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuli 2009, Ohakim ya sanar da komawarsa jam'iyyar PDP a wani taro da aka gudanar a [[Owerri]], wanda ya samu halartar Shugaba [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua]], Mataimakin Shugaba [[Goodluck Jonathan]], tsohon Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] da sauran shugabannin jam'iyyar.<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/11731/1/My-return-to-PDP-is-strategic-political-realignment-Ohakim/Page1.html |title = My return to PDP is strategic political realignment –Ohakim |author = Emma Mgbeahurike |date = 26 July 2009 |location=Nigeria |access-date = 2009-12-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120312060316/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/11731/1/My-return-to-PDP-is-strategic-political-realignment-Ohakim/Page1.html |archive-date = 12 March 2012 |url-status = dead |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> Matakin ya janyo ce-ce-ku-ce, inda wasu mambobin PPA suka shigar da ƙara suna zargin cewa sauyin jam'iyyar ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne.<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/12620/1/Ohakims-brave-move/Page1.html |title = Ohakim's brave move |author = Sam Omatseye |date = 3 August 2009 |location=Nigeria |access-date = 2009-12-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090822013225/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/12620/1/Ohakims-brave-move/Page1.html |archive-date = 22 August 2009 |url-status = dead |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> Da yake magana kan matsalolin yankin [[Niger Delta]] a watan Oktoban 2009, Ohakim ya buƙaci gwamnatin tarayya ta sake duba Dokar Amfani da Ƙasa (Land Use Act), ta magance lalacewar muhalli da ayyukan hako mai suka haifar, ta ƙara zuba jari a yankin, tare da samar wa matasa ayyukan yi.<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/26091/1/Ohakim-to-FG-Tackle-real-issues-in-Niger-Delta/Page1.html |title = Ohakim to FG: Tackle real issues in Niger Delta |author = Oguntola |date = 21 November 2009 |location=Nigeria |access-date = 2009-12-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327050639/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/26091/1/Ohakim-to-FG-Tackle-real-issues-in-Niger-Delta/Page1.html |archive-date = 27 March 2012 |url-status = dead |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> Ya kuma ce wajibi ne a haɗa al'ummomin yankin da shugabanninsu cikin yanke shawara.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/21/don%E2%80%99t-exclude-leaders-in-resolving-n%E2%80%99delta-crisissays-ohakim/|location=Lagos, Nigeria |title=Don't exclude leaders in resolving N'Delta crisis, says Ohakim |date=21 November 2009 |author=Dayo BENSON |access-date=2009-12-30|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> ==Littattafai== A shekarar 1994, Ohakim ya wallafa littafin ''The Marketing Imperative for Rural Industrialization'' (Africana Educational Publishers).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ikediohakim.com.ng/about%20ikedi/index.php |title=About Ikedi Ohakim |publisher=Ikedi Ohakim |access-date=2009-12-30 }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> A lokacin yana gwamna, ya sake wallafa wasu littattafai uku. ''Pushing the Limits'' ya bayyana tarihin rayuwarsa da falsafar siyasarsa. ''The Courage to Challenge'' da ''Challenging New Frontiers'' kuwa tarin jawabansa ne.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://news.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=5893 |title = A peep into Ohakim's books |date = 14 July 2009 |author = SOLA BALOGUN |publisher = Online Nigeria Daily News |access-date = 2009-12-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120225040951/http://news.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=5893 |archive-date = 25 February 2012 |url-status = dead }}</ref> An ƙaddamar da littattafan uku a wani biki da aka gudanar a [[Lagos]] a watan Yulin 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/arts/2009/july/21/arts-21-07-2009-001.htm|location=Lagos, Nigeria |title = Portrait of a leader as a writer |author = SOLA BALOGUN |date = 21 July 2009 |access-date = 2009-12-30 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120427232243/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/arts/2009/july/21/arts-21-07-2009-001.htm |archive-date = 27 April 2012 |url-status = dead |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> ==Duba kuma== * [[List of governors of Imo State]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1957]] jhcvl8dv2zhngpry1o39nn4ul83jhcv 0 161648 888416 883696 2026-07-28T10:29:29Z BnHamid 12586 888416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paul Samuel Zamani''' bishop ne na Anglican a '''[[Najeriya|Paul Samuel Zamani]]''' [[Najeriya|is an]] Anglican bishop in Nigeria. [[Najeriya|He is the current]] Bishop of Kwoi, [[Najeriya|one of 13 dioceses in the]] Anglican Province of Abuja, itself one of 14 provinces in the [[Cocin Najeriya|Church of Nigeria]]<nowiki/>y . Shi ne Bishop na Kwoi na yanzu, ɗaya daga cikin diocese 13 a Lardin Anglican na Abuja, wanda shi kansa yana ɗaya daga cikin larduna 14 a [[Cocin Najeriya]] . An haifi Zamani a [[Zonkwa|garin Zonkwa]] ranar 2 ga watan Yuni haifi Zamani a Zonkwa a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1964 kuma ya yi karatu a St Francis na Kwalejin tauhidin Assisi a Wusasa . kuma ya yi karatu a St Francis of Assisi Theological College da ke [[Wusasa]] . == Bayanan kulaBayani == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] oyo64y8iz91j9ig6fay3s8hbsxcbeaz 888417 888416 2026-07-28T10:30:55Z BnHamid 12586 888417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Paul Samuel Zamani bishop ne na Anglican a Najeriya.[2] Shi ne Bishop na Kwoi na yanzu,[3] ɗaya daga cikin diocese 13 a Lardin Anglican na Abuja, kuma shi kansa yana ɗaya daga cikin larduna 14 a Cocin Najeriya.[4] An haifi Zamani a Zonkwa a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1964 kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Tauhidi ta St Francis na Assisi da ke Wusasa. == Bayanan kulaBayani == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] oh7qqxo07y0ksnq7vbx29j3lgcgxm90 888418 888417 2026-07-28T10:32:29Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 888418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Paul Samuel Zamani<ref>[https://www.anglicancommunion.org/structures/member-churches/member-church/diocese/position.aspx?church=nigeria&dio=gboko&pos=bishop-of-gboko&posID=18628 Anglican Communion]</ref> bishop ne na Anglican a Najeriya.<ref>[https://dioceseofkwoi.org.ng/about/ Diocese of Kwoi website]</ref> Shi ne Bishop na Kwoi na yanzu,[3] ɗaya daga cikin diocese 13 a Lardin Anglican na Abuja, kuma shi kansa yana ɗaya daga cikin larduna 14 a Cocin Najeriya.[4] An haifi Zamani a Zonkwa a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1964 kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Tauhidi ta St Francis na Assisi da ke Wusasa. == Bayanan kulaBayani == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] gpa24ky1w2euwt1x9cnjlmw1d899014 888420 888418 2026-07-28T10:33:50Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 888420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Paul Samuel Zamani<ref>[https://www.anglicancommunion.org/structures/member-churches/member-church/diocese/position.aspx?church=nigeria&dio=gboko&pos=bishop-of-gboko&posID=18628 Anglican Communion]</ref> bishop ne na Anglican a Najeriya.<ref>[https://dioceseofkwoi.org.ng/about/ Diocese of Kwoi website]</ref> Shi ne Bishop na Kwoi na yanzu,<ref>[https://www.worldanglican.com/nigeria/kwoi/the-church-of-nigeria-anglican-communion/the-rt-revd-paul-zamani World Anglican]</ref> ɗaya daga cikin diocese 13 a Lardin Anglican na Abuja, kuma shi kansa yana ɗaya daga cikin larduna 14 a Cocin Najeriya.<ref>[https://www.today.ng/topic/church-of-nigeria ''Today'', Nigeria]</ref> An haifi Zamani a Zonkwa a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1964 kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Tauhidi ta St Francis na Assisi da ke Wusasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] d5x491x4m9l0cfm6drzxw15hngfxzi8 888423 888420 2026-07-28T10:35:01Z BnHamid 12586 888423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Paul Samuel Zamani<ref>[https://www.anglicancommunion.org/structures/member-churches/member-church/diocese/position.aspx?church=nigeria&dio=gboko&pos=bishop-of-gboko&posID=18628 Anglican Communion]</ref> bishop ne na Anglican a Najeriya.<ref>[https://dioceseofkwoi.org.ng/about/ Diocese of Kwoi website]</ref> Shi ne Bishop na Kwoi na yanzu,<ref>[https://www.worldanglican.com/nigeria/kwoi/the-church-of-nigeria-anglican-communion/the-rt-revd-paul-zamani World Anglican]</ref> ɗaya daga cikin diocese 13 a Lardin Anglican na Abuja, kuma shi kansa yana ɗaya daga cikin larduna 14 a Cocin Najeriya.<ref>[https://www.today.ng/topic/church-of-nigeria ''Today'', Nigeria]</ref> An haifi Zamani a [[Zonkwa]] a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1964 kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Tauhidi ta St Francis na Assisi da ke Wusasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] eu1sdfvd32669n1lq8fb502u79ibfaq 0 161931 888320 885188 2026-07-27T22:13:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Kwalejin Jami'a''' wata makaranta ce ta gauraya a tsakiyar [[Bolton]], Ingila, wacce yanzu ake kira da makaranta kyauta . An buɗe ta a shekarar 2015 a wani sabon wuri a harabar Jami'ar Bolton a matsayin '''Bolton UTC''', kwalejin fasaha ta jami'a ga ɗalibai masu shekaru 14-19; <ref name="edubase-1">{{Cite web |title=URN 141941 University Collegiate School |url=https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/141941 |access-date=26 March 2024 |publisher=Department for Education |language=en-gb}}</ref> a watan Satumba na 2020 aka sake mata suna kuma ta fara karɓar ɗalibai tun suna ɗan shekara 11. == Bayani == A watan Satumba na 2020, makarantar ta zama memba na [[The Keys Federation Academy Trust]] kuma ta sake buɗewa a matsayin makaranta kyauta, Makarantar Kwalejin Jami'a, don mayar da martani ga buƙatar guraben makarantun sakandare a Bolton. <ref name="place">{{Cite web |last=Chaudhari |first=Saiqa |date=28 February 2020 |title=Why your child could receive a place at this school on Monday |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18266462.university-collegiate-school-bolton-get-new-high-school/ |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> A wancan lokacin Shugabar makarantar, Nicola Glynn, ta bayyana ta a matsayin "makaranta da kwaleji". <ref>{{Cite web |title=UCS - Principal's Welcome |url=https://www.thekeysfederation.org.uk/ucs/principals-welcome |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=The Keys Federation Academy Trust |archive-date=2020-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924163939/https://www.thekeysfederation.org.uk/ucs/principals-welcome |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan duba Ofsted a watan Satumba na 2024, an ba Makarantar Kwalejin Jami'a 'Mai Kyau' a duk fannoni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=Inspection of University Collegiate School |url=https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/23/141941 |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> A lokacin shekarar karatu ta 21/22, ma'aikata da dama sun tafi, ciki har da Shugabar Makarantar, Nicola Glynn. A watan Disamba na 2022, Ofsted ya duba makarantar kuma an yanke mata hukunci cewa ba ta da 'isa' a kowane fanni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2022 |title=Inspection of University Collegiate School |url=https://files.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/50208104 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> An nada Dave Terry a matsayin Shugaban Makarantar na wucin gadi a watan Fabrairu na 2023. <ref name="Terry">{{Cite web |last=Harrigan |first=Joe |date=7 February 2023 |title=Bolton UCS: Damning Ofsted report says pupils feel 'unsafe' |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/23302327.bolton-ucs-damning-ofsted-report-says-pupils-feel-unsafe/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> == UTC wanda ya gabace shi == An buɗe Bolton UTC a hukumance a watan Nuwamba na 2015 ta hannun Yarima Edward, Earl na Wessex . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal visit 2015: Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, to visit Bolton School and University Technical College at the University of Bolton |url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/14036352.Royal_visit_2015__Prince_Edward_in_Bolton/ |access-date=19 February 2016}}</ref> <ref name="location">{{Cite web |date=13 May 2015 |title=University Technical College (UTC) Bolton to open this September |url=http://www.asianimage.co.uk/news/education/12948357.University_Technical_College__UTC__Bolton_to_open_this_September/ |access-date=18 Feb 2016 |publisher=asianimage.co.uk}}</ref> Ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lafiya da fasaha, kuma yana da £10.{{Spaces}}wurare miliyan sun haɗa da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ido, likitan hakora, shawarwari kan magunguna, kwaikwayon likitanci, na'urorin robot da na lantarki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://utcbolton.org/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807114537/https://utcbolton.org/about/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |website=UTC Bolton}}</ref> Hukumar UTC ta yi amfani da tsarin koyarwa mai tushen aiki . Ta ba da babban manhajar GCSE ga ɗalibanta 'yan shekara 14-16 waɗanda suka haɗa da Harshen Turanci, [[Lissafi]], Adabin Turanci, [[Biology|Ilimin]] Halittu, [[Kimiyya|Sinadarai]], Fizik, [[Labarin kasa|Labarin Ƙasa]], [[Tarihi]], [[Jamusanci|Sifaniyanci]], [[Yaren Sifen|Faransanci]], [[Faransanci|Jamusanci]], Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam]], Kimiyyar Wasanni da Kula da Lafiya da Jin Daɗi . A matakin A, an ba wa ɗalibai zaɓi na hanyoyi daban-daban: injiniyanci ko kimiyyar lafiya da ta mayar da hankali kan su. A matakin A, za su iya karatun Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Lissafi na Ƙarshe, Adabin Turanci, Ilimin Halittu, Sinadarai, Fizik, Geography, Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam, Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Aiki ta BTEC Mataki na 3 da Kula da Lafiya da Jin Daɗi ta BTEC Mataki na 3. Hukumar UTC ta shigar da 'matakai na musamman' bayan an ƙiyasta ta 'ƙasa' a dukkan fannoni a lokacin binciken farko na Ofsted a 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burke |first=Jude |date=2017-04-05 |title=Bolton UTC rated inadequate |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/utc-that-knocked-pupils-aspirations-put-in-special-measures/ |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=Schools Week}}</ref> Rahoton binciken ya ce an sami "ƙasassu sosai a matakin manyan shugabanni", gwamnoni ba su da tasiri, kuma alaƙa da masana'antar gida ba ta da ƙarfi. Ɗaliban sun ce ba su da damar amfani da "kayayyakin da suka fi fice". <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=School report: Bolton UTC |url=https://files.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/2677989 |access-date=31 October 2020 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Hukumar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi da Ƙwarewa ta bayar da "sanarwar ƙarshe don ingantawa" ga UTC, bayan wani bita ya gano rashin isassun iko kan kuɗi da kuma keta manufofi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2018 |title=Financial notice to improve: Bolton UTC |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/684354/Financial_notice_to_improve_Bolton_UTC.pdf |access-date=31 October 2020 |website=GOV.UK |publisher=Education and Skills Funding Agency}}</ref> A cikakken bincike na gaba a shekarar 2019, an ƙididdige UTC a matsayin 'mai kyau' a dukkan fannoni; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhari |first=Saiqa |date=4 April 2019 |title=Flagship school turns around its fortunes to go from failing to good |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/17548390.bolton-utc-taken-special-measures-rated-good/ |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> a wancan lokacin an yi rijistar 159 duk da cewa yawansu ya kai 600. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2019 |title=School report: Bolton UTC |url=https://files.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/50068032 |access-date=31 October 2020 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> == Manazarta == mlcao2gzst30j8ablqjwbbm7mv5etiw 0 161933 888342 885192 2026-07-28T00:24:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown''' makaranta ce ta wasan kwaikwayo da ke [[Toronto]], [[Kanada]] . Tana ba da horo a fannoni daban-daban na [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo|wasan kwaikwayo]], kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun wasan kwaikwayo da ake girmamawa a ƙasar. An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1976 a matsayin reshen Kwalejin George Brown, wanda kuma take a Toronto. Ana yawan ambaton Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun makarantun wasan kwaikwayo a Kanada. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Curtain Call |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3846 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simonson |first=Robert |date=2008-01-14 |title=Joseph Shaw, A Fixture at Stratford Festival, Dies at 87 |url=https://www.playbill.com/article/joseph-shaw-a-fixture-at-stratford-festival-dies-at-87-com-146829 |access-date=2019-11-25 |website=Playbill}}</ref> An san ta da horar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da masu fasahar wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu tare da ƙwarewa daban-daban daga malamai da yawa, malamai baƙi, da daraktocin baƙi. Bugu da ƙari, ta sami suna a ƙasa saboda aikin da ɗalibanta suka yi, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun sami yabo kuma sun gina ayyukan yi masu nasara a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai, talabijin, da sauran masana'antun nishaɗi. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Alumni Stories — Prominent Graduates |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/prominent_graduates.aspx |website=George Brown College}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kwalejin George Brown ta fara bayar da darussa da dama na wasan kwaikwayo a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, kiɗa, da rawa a shekarar 1973 a matsayin zaɓin ɗan lokaci ga ɗalibanta gabaɗaya. A ƙoƙarin kawo ƙarin haɗin kai ga sashen wasan kwaikwayo na Kwalejin, Dean of Academic Studies Bradley Webb, tare da jagorancin fasaha na tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma darektan Joseph Shaw, sun kafa Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a shekarar 1976. Makarantar ta fara azuzuwan a watan Satumba na 1976 a matsayin shirin shekaru biyu na ɗalibai 20 wanda aka shirya a harabar Kensington ta Kwalejin tare da mai da hankali kan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samarwa. Ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa a cikin shekara mai zuwa tare da samun wurin wasan kwaikwayo a 530 King Street East <ref>{{Cite web |date=1980 |title=Native Opportunities Course and Program Guide |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/aanc-inac/R32-49-1980-eng.pdf |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=Government of Canada Publications |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref> yayin da horo ya ci gaba a harabar Casa Loma ta Kwalejin. Bayan Shaw ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1986, Heinar Piller ya zama Daraktan Fasaha na makarantar. Piller ya ɗauki Peter C. Wylde a matsayin Shugaban Aiki kuma a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsu, an faɗaɗa shirin daga shekaru biyu zuwa uku. An sake fasalin manhajar karatu tare da mai da hankali kan rubutun gargajiya da kuma faɗaɗa abubuwan da suka shafi wasan kwaikwayo don nuna ɗaliban da suka kammala karatunsu, gami da ƙara wani wasan kwaikwayo na yara da ɗaliban aji biyu suka yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=2011-2012 Stage Door |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/aanc-inac/R32-49-1980-eng.pdf |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=University of Toronto Mississauga}}</ref> Bayan ritayar Piller a shekarar 1997, Paul Lampert ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Fasaha na makarantar tsawon shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Lampert_related experience |url=https://www.paullampert.com/content_frames/theatre/teaching.html |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=Paul Lampert}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, makarantar ta faɗaɗa horonta ta hanyar ƙaddamar da shirin Gabatarwa ga Ayyukan Fasaha (IPAC) na shekara ɗaya. <ref name=":3"/> James Simon ya karɓi ragamar Daraktan Fasaha a shekarar 2000. A watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, Paul Carder, Shugaban Kasuwanci da Fasaha na Kwalejin a wancan lokacin, ya tuntuɓi Albert Schultz, Daraktan Fasaha na Kamfanin Wasan Kwaikwayo na Soulpepper, game da ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanin da Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619200023/http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |archive-date=2019-06-19 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Entertainment Canada |publisher=Logograph}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Matasa don Fasaha ta Fasaha, wani wurin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙwararru da ke gundumar Distillery ta Toronto inda makarantar da Soulpepper suke yanzu. An fara darussa a hukumance a Cibiyar Matasa a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2005. A watan Janairun 2018, Toronto Star, CBC, da Dialog sun buga labarai da ke bayyana cin zarafi, wariya, cin zarafi, da cin zarafi da wani malami a Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown ya yi wa ɗalibai. An ce abubuwan da tsoffin ɗalibai suka ruwaito sun faru ne tsakanin 2000 da 2015. A cewar labaran, tsoffin ɗalibai sun kai rahoton zarge-zargen cin zarafi ga Kwalejin George Brown da kuma gwamnatin Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a 2007 da kuma tun farkon 2000. A cikin 2017, ƙarin rahotanni sun ambaci mukaddashin farfesa Todd Hammond a matsayin babban mai laifin cin zarafi, wanda ya haifar da hutunsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=George Brown Theatre School Survivors |url=https://gbsurvivors.org/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-17 |title=Intermission {{!}} Confessions from Theatre School |url=https://www.intermissionmagazine.ca/artist-perspective/confessions-theatre-school/ |access-date=2019-06-28 |website=Intermission |language=en-CA}}</ref> An cire shi daga kundin malaman makarantar wasan kwaikwayo a 2018 kuma Kwalejin ba ta sake biyansa ko ɗaukarsa aiki ba nan da 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ontario Public Salary Disclosure 2020 |url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/public-sector-salary-disclosure-2020-all-sectors-and-seconded-employees |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=www.ontario.ca |archive-date=2021-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428213629/https://www.ontario.ca/page/public-sector-salary-disclosure-2020-all-sectors-and-seconded-employees |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Theatre Faculty Directory |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330205515/https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-date=2019-03-30 |access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> Tun daga lokacin makarantar ta fuskanci sauye-sauye da dama dangane da wallafe-wallafen, wato ɗaukar sabbin farfesoshi na riƙon ƙwarya, canje-canje a cikin malamai, da kuma maye gurbin Sue Miner a matsayin Mai Gudanar da Shirye-shirye bayan James Simon. <ref name=":11"/> [[Fayil:Exploring_the_distillery_district,_2014_12_03_(13).JPG_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Gefen shiga makarantar kamar yadda aka gani daga titin Cherry .]] A watan Nuwamba na 2001, an sanar da Aikin Gundumar Tarihi na Distillery a matsayin sabon wurin jan hankali na Toronto. Haɗin gwiwar Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown da Soulpepper nan da nan suka fara tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Cityscape Development don mallakar Tank Houses 9 da 10, wanda ya ƙirƙiri abin da ya zama Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni. Manufar wannan haɗin gwiwa ita ce ƙirƙirar wurin koyar da fasaha, ilimi da kuma wayar da kan jama'a da kuma gida ga makarantar, Soulpepper, da kuma al'ummar fasaha mai zaman kanta ta Toronto. <ref name=":2"/> === Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni === A shekara ta 2002, an ɗauki kamfanin gine-gine na Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg Architects aiki don tsara cibiyar tare da Thomas Payne a matsayin babban mai zane. Tsarin ya ƙunshi gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na ƙwararru guda uku, ɗakunan gwaji guda huɗu, azuzuwa biyu, shagon kayan sawa, wurin zama na ɗalibai, lambun masu fasaha, wurin shakatawa na jama'a, gidan shayi, da ofisoshin gudanarwa na makarantar wasan kwaikwayo da Soulpepper. George Brown da Soulpepper kowannensu ya tara rabin kuɗin dala miliyan 14 ban da kyautar dala miliyan 3 daga Gidauniyar Iyali ta Michael Young a shekara ta 2003 wanda ya sami kuɗi don haɓaka ta. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The Facilities |url=https://www1.youngcentre.ca/the-facilities |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown, wacce ke aiki a cikin 9080&nbsp;Faɗin ginin mai faɗin ƙafa ², <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=George Brown College Master Campus Plan Report |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/about/master-campus-plan.pdf |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> ya fara azuzuwan a cibiyar da aka kammala aikin a watan Satumba na 2005 kafin buɗe Cibiyar Matasa a hukumance a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-01 |title=Adaptive Reuse: Buildings 49 & 50 — Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://distilleryheritage.com/snippets/65.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721042303/http://www.distilleryheritage.com/snippets/65.pdf |archive-date=July 21, 2013 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Distillery District Heritage Website}}</ref> === Gidajen wasan kwaikwayo === Makarantar wasan kwaikwayo tana yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo guda uku a Cibiyar Matasa. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Marilyn da Charles Baillie, mafi girma daga cikin ukun, wuri ne mai sassauƙa wanda ke ɗaukar masu kallo har zuwa 378 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Marilyn and Charles Baillie Theatre |url=https://cdn.agilitycms.com/young-centre/facility-specs/Marilyn_and_Charles_Baillie_Theatre-2017.pdf |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> kuma yana karɓar bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na yara na shekara ta biyu. A halin yanzu, kakar karatun ajin yana canzawa tsakanin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Michael Young, wanda ke ɗaukar masu kallo har zuwa 269, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Michael Young Theatre |url=https://cdn.agilitycms.com/young-centre/facility-specs/Michael_Young_Theatre-2017.pdf |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tank House, wanda ke da damar mutane 110. <ref name=":5"/> == Adadin shiga da kuma kammala karatun digiri == === Shiga === Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown shiri ne mai matuƙar gasa wanda ke karɓar ɗalibai 30 zuwa 32 kawai kowace shekara a cikin shirinta na difloma na shekaru uku daga cikin masu neman shiga 650 zuwa 700. Shiga ya dogara ne akan nasarar tsarin gwaji mai matakai 3: zagaye na farko na gwajin aiki - inda ake buƙatar 'yan takara su yi magana ta zamani, magana ta gargajiya, da kuma waƙar cappella - zagaye na biyu na gwajin kira, da kuma zagaye na uku na tambayoyi. Ana gudanar da gwajin gwaji kai tsaye a watan Afrilu da Mayu na kowace shekara a Toronto, da kuma ta Skype idan ya cancanta ga 'yan takarar da ba za su iya tafiya don gwajin ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Program Auditions: Conservatory Actor Training |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/auditions/ |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> === Adadin kammala karatun digiri === Duk da cewa har zuwa ɗalibai 32 ake shigar da su makarantar a shekarar farko, ajin da ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaliban da suka kammala karatu yana da kimanin ɗalibai 14 zuwa 19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2018 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2018-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2016 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2016-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2015 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2015-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Hakazalika, a matsakaici, rukunin ɗalibai na shekara ta biyu yana da, a matsakaici, ɗalibai 19. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2021, ɗalibai 25 sun kammala karatu - ɗaya daga cikin manyan azuzuwan da aka taɓa yi a tarihi. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-10 |title=Three Sisters & Co. |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430134349/https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |archive-date=2021-04-30 |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=George Brown College |language=en}}</ref> == Manhaja ta Manhaja == Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown cibiya ce da ke da hedikwata a makarantun kide-kide. Manhajar karatunta ta farko an gina ta ne bisa tsarin gargajiya na yin aiki ta hanyar murya, motsi, magana, rawa, da kuma azuzuwan kiɗa, <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) — Full Description |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/programs/theatre-arts-performance-program-p104/#descriptionContent |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> wanda ake buƙatar ɗalibai su ɗauka a duk tsawon shirin difloma na shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/uploadedfiles/ProgramPDFs/2019-2020/Arts,%20Design%20and%20Information%20Technology/P104-2019-2020.pdf |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dalibai suna koyon salon wasan kwaikwayo iri-iri ta waɗannan azuzuwan da kuma ta wasu darussa da ake buƙata ciki har da faɗan mataki, haɓakawa, abin rufe fuska na tsaka-tsaki, abin rufe fuska na hali, yin barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo na commedia dell'arte, bayar da labari, dabarun fina-finai da talabijin, da kuma nazarin yanayi daban-daban na gargajiya da na zamani. Baya ga wannan, ɗalibai suna ɗaukar darussa a nazarin rubutu, haɓaka hulɗa, ilimin harshe, dabarun gwaji, tarihin wasan kwaikwayo, kasuwancin wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma dabarun Alexander . <ref name=":6" /> Shirin yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, wani lokacin yana buƙatar ɗalibai su yi horo na sama da awanni 11 a rana ɗaya. Dalibai kuma suna shiga cikin shirye-shiryen cikakku guda biyar a tsawon shekaru uku na horon su. Daliban aji uku suna aiki tare da kwararrun daraktoci, manajojin mataki, masu zane-zane, da masu fasaha don samar da cikakken kakar wasan kwaikwayo da aka yi a Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Programs |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/programs/theatre/ |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ɗaliban aji biyu suna tsara da gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na yara a kowace Nuwamba da Disamba bisa ga labaran marubucin yara Robert Munsch . Baya ga horo da wasan kwaikwayo, makarantar tana ba da shirin jagoranci inda ɗaliban aji na uku za a haɗa su daban-daban da wani ƙwararren mai koyar da wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke ba da jagoranci ga kowane ɗalibi na tsawon shekara guda bayan kammala karatunsa. <ref name=":6"/> Ana kuma ba wa ɗaliban aji na uku bita na tsawon makonni uku a fannin ɗaukar motsi da kuma yin magana a makarantar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=George Brown Theatre Fall 2013 Newsletter |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911002433/http://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2013.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-11 |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Bayan shirinta na shekaru uku, Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown tana ba da shirin takardar sheda na shekara ɗaya da aka sani da Shirin Shiri (wanda a da ake kira Shirin Gabatarwa ga Ayyukan Fasaha). <ref name=":3"/> An tsara wannan shirin ne ga ɗaliban da ke son samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don shiga makarantun wasan kwaikwayo ko kasuwancin nishaɗi. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun shirin shirye-shirye galibi suna yin gwaji cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru uku na makarantar. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Preparation Program (P108) |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/uploadedfiles/ProgramPDFs/2018-2019/Arts,%20Design%20and%20Information%20Technology/P108-2018-2019.pdf |website=George Brown College }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗaliban makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta George Brown sun haɗa da: <ref name=":9"/> <ref name=":12"/>{{Columns-list|* [[Hannah Emily Anderson]] — (''[[Jigsaw (2017 film)|Jigsaw]]'', ''[[What Keeps You Alive]]'') * [[Keith Barker (writer)|Keith Barker]] — ([[Native Earth Performing Arts]]) * [[Katherine Barrell]] — (''[[Wynonna Earp (TV series)|Wynonna Earp]]'', ''[[Workin' Moms]]'') * [[Samantha Bee]] — (''[[Full Frontal with Samantha Bee]]'')<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/02/samantha-bee-timeline.html|title=The Rise and Rise of Samantha Bee |last=Duca|first=Lauren|date=2016-02-06|work=The Vulture}}</ref> * [[Shaun Benson]] — (''[[The Girlfriend Experience (TV series)|The Girlfriend Experience]]'', ''[[Being Erica]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Shaun Benson |url=https://ggagency.ca/benson/ |website=Gary Goddard Agency}}</ref> * [[Ryder Britton]] — (''[[Degrassi: The Next Generation]]'', ''[[Mantracker]]'')<ref>{{cite web|title=2006 George Brown Theatre School Graduates|url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2006_theatre_grads/|website=George Brown College|date=2006|access-date=2019-06-15|archive-date=2016-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412183118/http://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2006_theatre_grads/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Catherine Bruhier]] — (''[[The Young and the Restless|The Young and The Restless]]'') * [[Kristian Bruun]] — (''[[Orphan Black]]'', ''[[Carter (TV series)|Carter]]'', ''[[Tactical Girls]]'') * [[Valerie Buhagiar]] — (''[[Roadkill (1989 film)|Roadkill]]'', ''[[A Winter Tale]]'') * [[Evan Buliung]] — (''[[Dear Evan Hansen]]'', [[Shaw Festival]], [[Stratford Festival]]) * [[Ben Carlson]] — ([[Stratford Festival]], ''[[Hamlet]]'', ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]'') * [[Philip DeWilde]] — (''[[Turning Paige]]'', ''[[Prince Charming (2001 film)|Prince Charming]]'') * [[Steffi DiDomenicantonio]] — (''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]'', ''[[Come from Away]]'')<ref>{{cite web|title=Making the Leap|url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2012_newsletter.pdf|date=2012|website=George Brown College}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Karen Dwyer]] — (''[[Better Than Chocolate]]'', ''[[Superstar (1999 film)|Superstar]]'')<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://popgoesthenews.com/2018/09/26/better-than-chocolate-star-karyn-dwyer-dies-at-43/|title='Better Than Chocolate' star Karyn Dwyer dies at 43 |date=2018-09-26|work=Pop Goes the News}}</ref> * [[TL Forsberg]] — (''[[Switched at Birth (TV series)|Switched at Birth]]'') * [[Brendan Gall]] — (''[[Blindspot (TV series)|Blindspot]]'', ''[[Open Heart (TV series)|Open Heart]]'', ''[[The L.A. Complex]]'') * [[Soo Garay]] — (''[[My Children! My Africa!]]'', ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV series)|Queer as Folk]]'') * [[Colton Gobbo]] — (''[[Ginny and Georgia]]'', ''[[Son of a Critch]]'', ''[[The Desperate Hour]]'') * [[Brad Goreski]] — (''[[Fashion Police|E! Fashion Police]]'') * [[Carter Hayden]] — (''[[Total Drama]]'', ''[[Camp Lakebottom]]'') * [[Falen Johnson]] — ([[Soulpepper]], ''Secret Life of Canada'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.harbourfrontcentre.com/whatson/planetindigenusoff-site.cfm?id=3834|title=Planet IndigenUs Off-site|website=Harbourfront Centre|access-date=2020-03-20}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Emmanuel Kabongo]] — (''[[Teenagers (web series)|Teenagers]]'', ''[[21 Thunder]]'')<ref name=":8" /> * [[Patrick Kwok-Choon]] — (''[[Open Heart (TV series)|Open Heart]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Discovery]]'') * [[Daniel MacIvor]] — (''[[Twitch City]]'', ''[[Marion Bridge (film)|Marion Bridge]]'') * [[Colm Magner]] — (''[[Street Time]]'', ''[[This Is Wonderland]]'') * [[Michael Mahonen]] — (''[[Road to Avonlea]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'') * [[Sarah Manninen]] — (''[[Murdoch Mysteries]]'', ''[[Alias Grace]]'') * [[Meredith McGeachie]] — (''[[Punch (2002 film)|Punch]]'', ''[[The L Word]]'', ''[[Paradise Falls]]'') * [[Claudette Mink]] — (''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'', ''[[R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour]]'', ''[[Harper's Island]]'') * [[Paul O'Sullivan (actor)|Paul O'Sullivan]] — (''[[George Shrinks]]'', ''[[Grossology (TV series)|Grossology]]'', ''[[Friends and Heroes]]'') * [[Alex Paxton-Beesley]] — (''[[Murdoch Mysteries]]'', ''[[Cardinal (TV series)|Cardinal]]'', ''[[Pure (Canadian TV series)|Pure]]'') * [[Aaron Poole]] — (''[[This Beautiful City]]'', ''[[Strange Empire]]'') * [[Andra Simons]] — (''The Joshua Tales'', ''Turtlemen'') * [[Janaya Stephens]] — (''[[Left Behind (series)|Left Behind]]'' series, ''[[Inside the Osmonds]]'', ''[[Flashpoint (TV series)|Flashpoint]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Janaya Stephens — About |url=https://www.janayastephens.com/about.php |website=Janaya Stephens}}</ref> * [[Ordena Stephens-Thompson]] — (''[[Da Kink in My Hair]]'') * [[Dylan Taylor (actor)|Dylan Taylor]] — (''[[Defying Gravity (TV series)|Defying Gravity]]'', ''[[Pure (Canadian TV series)|Pure]]'', ''[[What Would Sal Do?]]'')|colwidth=22em}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5u0g2gbudq2a1n1a4cwwlb01fdeia0c 0 162058 888321 885839 2026-07-27T22:15:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Sakandare/Fasaha ta Kade (Kasstech),''' wacce a da take Makarantar Sakandare/Fasaha ta Kade Day, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-11 |title=List Of Mixed SHS In Ghana » Ghana Insider |url=https://ghanainsider.com/list-of-mixed-shs-in-ghana/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=ghanainsider.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131162558/https://ghanainsider.com/list-of-mixed-shs-in-ghana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> wata makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati da ke cikin Kade, babban birnin [[Kwaebibirem Municipal District|Majalisar Karamar Hukumar Kwaebibirim]] ta [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|Yankin Gabashin Ghana]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Kade MP donates equipment to Technical School |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/education/201202/95783.php |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-date=2024-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126145213/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/education/201202/95783.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2021-07-14 |title=MEGHIS wins Eastern Region SHSs Renewable Energy Challenge |url=https://gna.org.gh/2021/07/meghis-wins-eastern-region-shss-renewable-energy-challenge/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Crabbe |first=Nathaniel |date=2019-10-02 |title=Genius graduate with 7As in WASSCE 'begs' Ghanaians for help to pay varsity fees |url=https://yen.com.gh/134011-brilliant-science-student-7a-wassce-begs-ghanaians-support-pay-university-fees.html |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=2015-02-14 |title=Technical students asked to strive to become middle level technicians {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/technical-students-asked-strive-become-middle-level-technicians/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> Taken makarantar shine ''Dwen Mprenu'' wanda ke nufin ''Yi Tunani Sau Biyu.'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kade Senior High Technical {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://www.schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/kade-senior-high-technical/about |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa shi a shekarar 1982 ta hanyar Shugaban Kade na lokacin, Nana Appiawiah I, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kade Senior High/Tech. |url=https://ghanahighschools.com/ghs_schools/kade-senior-high-tech/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=GhanaHighSchools.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> da dattawansa, Kasstech yana da manufar magance kalubalen ilimi da matasa na Kade da kewayenta suka fuskanta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kade Senior High Technical School - Contacts & Business Details |url=https://yellowpagesghana.com/listing/kade-senior-high-technical-school/ |access-date=2024-01-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-11-28 |title=Kufuor tells parents - help school authorities to discipline students - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/kufuor-tells-parents-help-school-authorities-to-discipline-students/ |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Da farko, makarantar ta fara ne da dalibai maza takwas kawai, suna aiki daga masana'antar wasan da aka watsar ta Kamfanin Ci gaban Masana'antu, wanda aka kafa a 1959 a karkashin [[Kwame Nkrumah]], wanda yanzu shine wurin tashar kashe gobara ta Ghana a Kade . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-07 |title=Kade High Tech to convert pig pen to classrooms |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/299631/kade-high-tech-to-convert-pig-pen-to-classrooms.html |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> == Darussan da ake bayarwa == Kasstech tana bayar da waɗannan darussa: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-22 |title=Kade Senior High Technical School Courses and Details - Sky News Gh |url=https://skynewsgh.com/kade-senior-high-technical-school-courses-and-details/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kimiyyar Janar * Kasuwanci * Fasaha ta Janar * Tattalin Arziki na Gida * Fasaha * Fasahar Kayayyaki * Kimiyyar Noma == Shugabannin makarantu == Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna jerin shugabannin makarantu tun lokacin da aka kafa makarantar da kuma tsawon lokacin da suka yi aiki {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Shugaban makaranta ! Fara daga ofishin ! Ƙarshen ofis |- | SR Aseidu | 1982 | 1998 |- | John Adjei | 1998 | 2000 |- | Ransford Boadi-Danquah | 2002 | 2016 |- | Emmanuel Nana Yaw Danquah | 2017 | 2021 |- | Stella Oye Adjei | 2022 | kwanan wata |} == Nasara == * Makarantar Fasaha ta Kade Day ta yi jarrabawar NCCE ta yanki ta 2 a shekarar 2015 <ref name=":0"/> * Makarantar Fasaha ta Kade Day ta samu maki 99.34 cikin 100 a matsayi na biyar a cikin jerin WASSCE na 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boateng |first=Kojo Akoto |date=2014-03-27 |title=2013 WASSCE rankings: Prempeh, Mfantsipim, Achimota, PRESEC, Aburi Girls' out of top 10 |url=https://citifmonline.com/2014/03/2013-wassce-rankings-prempeh-mfantsipim-achimota-presec-aburi-girls-out-of-top-10/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US}}</ref> === Tambayoyin Lissafi da Kimiyya na Ƙasa === A watan Yulin 2024, makarantar ta cancanci shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar kasa ta [[Ghana National Science and Maths Quiz|jarrabawar kimiyya da lissafi]], sannan ta kuma ci gaba zuwa mataki na gaba na gasar yankin gabas bayan ta doke [[Makarantar Sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Krobo|Krobo Girls SHS]], [[St Rose's Senior High (Akwatia)|St. Roses' SHS]], da Boso SHTS <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-05 |title=Osabarima Agyare Tenadu II congratulates Kade Senior High Technical for NSMQ success |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Osabarima-Agyare-Tenadu-II-congratulates-Kade-Senior-High-Technical-for-NSMQ-success-1938845#:~:text=Kade%20Senior%20High%20Technical%20School%20emerged |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=Ghanaweb}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3sx3qgtuw1rsasfx8v010uo4ou2xnwa 0 162090 888430 886165 2026-07-28T10:38:28Z BnHamid 12586 888430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]]''' ma'aikata ce ta Gwamnatin Jihar Sokot, Najeriya da ke da alhakin bunkasa da aiwatar da manufofin [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]], ka'idoji, da shirye-shirye don inganta kiwon lafiya da jin daɗin mazauna. Yana kula da kula da [[lafiyar jama'a]], [[Kula da lafiya na rigakafi|Kula da cututtuka]], isar da sabis na kiwon lafiya, da kuma kula da hukumomin kiwon lafiya a cikin jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anyanwu |first=Samuel |date=2025-10-05 |title=UNICEF, Sokoto State Government Launch Measles-Rebulla, Polio Vaccinations Campaign |url=https://fmino.gov.ng/unicef-sokoto-state-government-launch-measles-rebulla-polio-vaccinations-campaign/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation |language=en-US}}</ref>Tana cikin toshe 16 SHEHU KANGIWA Sakatariyar [[Jami'ar Jihar Sokoto|Jihar Sokoto]].. Tana unguwar gawo nama <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2021-12-02 |title=MINISTRY OF HEALTH, SOKOTOINVITATION FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST (EOI) FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPPING OF STANDARD MEDICAL WAREHOUSE IN SOKOTO STATE {{!}} Public Procurement NG |url=https://www.publicprocurement.ng/ministry-of-health-sokotoinvitation-for-expression-of-interest-eoi-for-the-construction-and-equipping-of-standard-medical-warehouse-in-sokoto-state/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 3524az5lq5vk86eg5kccr2ca0nbyg6h 0 162228 888126 887076 2026-07-27T16:03:37Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama amma Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan karshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} ga9dg3rgiyluvt1f0gbthfamrokwjpv 888129 888126 2026-07-27T16:04:15Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan karshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} 6g7vu94qm7mquja69zfu800jl4mh27z 888132 888129 2026-07-27T16:05:13Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan karshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} rrn5m7e8scwxzjv1d2ainfwvwbege47 888134 888132 2026-07-27T16:06:17Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan karshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} cptf5u440ffqbqyiiq7bb78x0f05kl4 888136 888134 2026-07-27T16:07:24Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan karshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} o5dh7f9lo2ixb5era4twnmlk16731pf 888141 888136 2026-07-27T16:10:11Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan karshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} 6h1cgkzh138frue0nfe6yop35rit2pr 888142 888141 2026-07-27T16:11:08Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan karshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} pw6vq578puwk77upvz3c4qk3iaqgluc 888148 888142 2026-07-27T16:12:05Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan karshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} hpp2i72qrlk60b212pmcbm4bcdn8qhz 888153 888148 2026-07-27T16:13:39Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan karshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} 90zkckezmy685x45jpx7n6j32pnu0zt 888158 888153 2026-07-27T16:14:27Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan karshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, Shekarar 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} bccs0krhrrsjs53k9te06n4snp878an 888163 888158 2026-07-27T16:15:46Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan ƙ arshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Shekara ta 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, Shekarar 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} m6xsfmtmm07hxru8we8ftbc26fvn9je 888167 888163 2026-07-27T16:17:59Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[ƙungiyar ƙwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan ƙ arshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Shekara ta 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, Shekarar 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} lvbtsgkoe7cekiz12i1r5i70t2i5w8j 888195 888167 2026-07-27T16:31:04Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[ƙungiyar ƙwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta Shekarar 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan ƙ arshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Shekara ta 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, Shekarar 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} 0rbr94zkvijra5e1m6dsvhxhnp0nu4w 888197 888195 2026-07-27T16:32:03Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[ƙungiyar ƙwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta Shekarar 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun Shekara ta 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan ƙ arshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Shekara ta 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, Shekarar 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} 64sc5kjslq1alyai3pgqba2pc0ao75t 888199 888197 2026-07-27T16:33:18Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[ƙungiyar ƙwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin Shekarar 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta Shekarar 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun Shekara ta 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan ƙ arshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Shekara ta 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, Shekarar 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, amma maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} qbw2la9sloumea90dbomurs6t2szmrj 888211 888199 2026-07-27T16:37:26Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 888211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Patrick John Joseph Roberts''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 1997) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City . == Aikin kulob == === Fulham === Roberts ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko tare da Molesey Juniors sannan kuma tare da AFC Wimbledon . An yi masa tayin yin gwaji a makarantun ƙwallon ƙafa da dama ammah Fulham ce ta ɗauki Roberts yana ɗan shekara 13. <ref name="contract reaction">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Roberts deal delight |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164907/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/14/roberts-deal-delight |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2014 |title=The star makers: How Fulham became one of the best youth academies in the modern game |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819133054/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/the-star-makers-how-fulham-became-one-of-the-best-youth-academies-in-the-modern-game-9291146.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=19 August 2014 |publisher=independent.co.uk}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru jim kaɗan bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 a watan Fabrairun 2014, inda ya daɗe yana tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2014 |title=Roberts' Pro Deal |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503164325/http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/february/06/roberts-pro-deal |archive-date=3 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |publisher=Fulham F.C.}}</ref> Roberts ya bayyana sanya hannu kan kwangilar a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jin daɗin da na taɓa samu a rayuwata". <ref name="contract reaction" /> An sanya sunan Roberts a cikin ' yan wasan da za su maye gurbin Fulham a karon farko a ranar 15 ga Maris 2014 a wasan [[Premier League|Premier]] da [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], <ref name="Newcastle">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Fulham 1 – 0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/26493211 |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> inda kocin Fulham Felix Magath ya bayyana Roberts bayan wasan a matsayin "mai baiwa ta musamman". <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2014 |title=Magath: I Hate To Lose |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2014/march/15/magath-i-hate-to-lose |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=Fulham FC}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris shekara ta 2014, ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 55 a wasan da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ta sha kashi a gasar Premier. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallo a zagaye na biyu na wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin matasa ta FA ta shekara ta 2014, wanda Fulham ta sha kashi a hannun [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da ci 7-6 a jimilla. Farkon bayyanar Roberts a kakar wasa ta 2014–2015 ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan farko da Fulham za ta buga da Ipswich Town a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, inda ya sami damar samun taimako jim kaɗan bayan ya shigo. Ya fara buga wa Cottagers wasa a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2014 a wasan gida da Wolverhampton Wanderers . === Manchester City === A ranar 19 ga Yulin shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dogon lokaci da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, wanda ake kyautata zaton zai kai fam miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2015 |title=Manchester City sign Fulham's Patrick Roberts to swell homegrown contingent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jul/19/manchester-city-sign-patrick-roberts-fulham |access-date=22 August 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Roberts ya fara buga wasa ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Jesús Navas a karawar da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] ta yi da gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya ta shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City vs. Real Madrid – 24 July 2015 – Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/07/24/world/international-champions-cup/manchester-city-football-club/real-madrid-club-de-futbol/2032770/ |access-date=2015-07-24 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, shekara ta 2015, Roberts ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyarsa ta farko a Manchester City lokacin da ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 4-1 a gasar League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2015 |title=Sunderland 1 – 4 Man City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/sep/22/sunderland-manchester-city-capital-one-cup-match-report |access-date=22 September 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar Premier a Manchester City a wasan da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] ta sha kashi da ci 4-1, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tottenham Hotspur vs. Manchester City – 26 September 2015 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/09/26/england/premier-league/tottenham-hotspur-football-club/manchester-city-football-club/2043111 |access-date=26 September 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Celtic ==== A ranar 29 ga Janairun shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa [[ƙungiyar ƙwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta amince da yarjejeniyar aro ta watanni 18 da Manchester City ga Roberts, yayin da dan wasan ke Glasgow don a duba lafiyarsa. An tabbatar da canja wurin a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 wasa bayan 'yan kwanaki a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 4-0, inda ya zura kwallo ta huɗu a ragar Celtic a minti na ƙarshe sannan ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye uku a raga. Roberts ya fara buga wa Celtic wasa a karon farko a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu shekera ta 2016, inda ya maye gurbinsa a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da Celtic ta samu a kan Inverness Caledonian Thistle a gasar Celtic Park da ci 3-0. <ref name="fb156">{{Cite web |title=Games involving Roberts, Patrick in season 2015/2016 |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player_games.php?playerid=7903 |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=FitbaStats}}</ref> An fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 2 ga Maris a wasan lig a gida da Dundee . Celtic ta iya yin kunnen doki ne kawai da ci 0-0, amma an lura cewa Roberts ya yi kama da "mai kaifi" kuma ya nuna "hazakarsa". <ref name="start" /> [[Fayil:Roberts2019TrainingNCFC.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| Roberts bayan horo da Norwich City a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 2 ga Afrilun 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar kulab, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Celtic a wasan da suka doke Hearts da ci 3-1. <ref name="BBC416">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2016 |title=Celtic 3–1 Hearts: Patrick Roberts lauded after first goals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35951200 |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan kyakkyawan tsari da ya yi inda ya zura kwallaye uku a raga, an nada Roberts a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasan Scotland na watan Afrilu. Ya sake zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 8 ga Mayu a wasan da suka doke [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] da ci 3-2, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta lashe gasar Premier ta Scotland . Roberts ya sake zura kwallo a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Motherwell da ci 7-0, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 7 a wasanni 12 da ya buga wa Celtic. Roberts ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a ranar 20 ga Yulin Shekarar 2016, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Lincoln Red Imps da ci 3-0. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar wakiltar Ingila a Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga Gasar Zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba 2016, Roberts ya zura kwallo mai ban mamaki a raga kuma an nada shi gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da suka buga da ƙungiyarsa ta asali Manchester City a gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2016 |title=Manchester City 1–1 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38202631 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2016–17 da wasanni 43 da kwallaye 15, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Celtic ta kammala kakar wasa ta cikin gida ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta shida a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agusta Shekarar 2017, an sanar da cewa Roberts ya koma Celtic a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=Delight as Patrick Roberts rejoins Celtic on loan |url=http://www.celticfc.net/news/13158 |publisher=[[Celtic F.C.|celticfc.net]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, a lokacin wasan da suka yi da Motherwell, Roberts ya ji rauni a cinyarsa kuma ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni da dama. Ya dawo kan wannan wasan a ranar 18 ga Maris 2018 lokacin da ya maye gurbin James Forrest a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. ==== Lamuni zuwa Girona ==== Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar Manchester City da [[Girona FC|ke Girona]] ta Sipaniya a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, inda Manchester City ta ce matakin da ya fi dacewa a ci gaban Robert shine gwada kansa a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin fasaha a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pollard |first=Rob |title=Patrick Roberts joins Girona on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/first-team/first-team-news/2018/august/man-city-patrick-roberts-joins-girona-on-loan |access-date=16 August 2018 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin da ya sanya hannu, shi ne kawai ɗan wasan Ingila da ke buga wasa a manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Sipaniya, kuma ya fara buga wasa washegari a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa da Real Valladolid . Duk da haka, ya jure wa mawuyacin lokaci, kuma bai ci kwallo a wasanni 19 na gasar ba yayin da kulob din ya fuskanci koma baya a Segunda División . ==== Aron zuwa Norwich City ==== Roberts shi ne sabon ɗan wasa na farko da ya shiga cikin waɗanda suka lashe gasar Championship kwanan nan, don haka ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] ta Norwich City ta samu ci gaba, inda ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. ==== Lamuni ga Middlesbrough ==== A ranar 2 ga Janairun 2020, Roberts ya koma [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a ragar Middlesbrough a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title=The statistics behind Patrick Roberts' Reading display after Manchester City loanee nets first goal for Middlesbrough |url=https://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/football/middlesbrough-fc/statistics-behind-patrick-roberts-reading-display-after-manchester-city-nets-first-goal-middlesbrough-2915865 |access-date=3 January 2021 |publisher=hartlepoolmail.co.uk}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2020, an sanar da cewa za a sake ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . ==== Lamuni ga Derby County ==== A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021, Roberts ya koma Derby County a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21. Bayan kwana biyu, ya fara bugawa Rams wasa a matsayin madadin Kamil Jóźwiak a wasan da Rotherham United ta sha kashi a hannun 0-3 a gasar firimiya. ==== Aron kuɗi ga Troyes ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021 ya koma ƙungiyar Troyes ta Faransa a matsayin aro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |title=Sandler and Roberts join Troyes on loan |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/philippe-sandler-patrick-roberts-join-troyes-on-loan-63766043 |website=www.mancity.com}}</ref> === Sunderland === A ranar 21 ga Janairun Shekara ta 2022, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar League One [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a kan yarjejeniyar watanni shida ta farko, inda ƙungiyar ke da zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts signs for Sunderland |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/january/patrick-roberts-signs-for-sunderland |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da Sunderland ta doke [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 12 ga Maris 2022. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022 ya ci wa Sunderland kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasa na biyu na gasar League 1 da Sheffield Wednesday, inda ya kai su wasan ƙ arshe na play-off a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Sheffield Wednesday 1–1 Sunderland (agg 1–2): Black Cats to face Wycombe in play-off final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61294931 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuni 2022, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu da kulob din bayan ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar wasannin share fage. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2022 |title=Patrick Roberts (Messi) is here to stay |url=https://safc.com/news/team-news/2022/june/patrick-roberts-new-contract |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=safc.com}}</ref> === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Shekara ta 2025, Roberts ya koma ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Birmingham City a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blues complete loan signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-loan-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=1 September 2025 |website=Bcfc.com |publisher=Birmingham City FC}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, Shekarar 2026, bayan ya yi fice a rabin farko na kakar wasa, Roberts ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin da Birmingham City kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2026 |title=Blues complete permanent signing of Patrick Roberts |url=https://www.bcfc.com/pages/en/media-article/blues-complete-permanent-signing-of-patrick-roberts |access-date=2 February 2026 |website=www.bcfc.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:France_-_England_U19,_20150331_58.JPG|alt=young white man in white and blue kit|thumb|251x251px| Roberts yana bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2015]] Roberts ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref name="FA">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts |url=http://www.thefa.com/england/all-teams/players/r/patrick-roberts |access-date=18 March 2014 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Ingila ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a Malta a shekarar 2014, inda ya zura kwallaye uku, ya taimaka wajen taimakawa 'yan wasa hudu, sannan aka sanya shi a cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar. <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}</ref> A watan Agusta na Shekarar 2014, Roberts ya sami kiran farko na shiga tawagar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Football Association |title=Three U17 Euro winners make step up to England U19s |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/england/development/2014/aug/u19-squad-germany-oberhausen-izzy-brown-patrick-roberts-joe-gomez |website=thefa.com}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana ɗan shekara 17 kacal a lokacin, Roberts ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Ingila a zagayen cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2015. A wasannin rukuni uku da Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 suka buga, Roberts ya zura kwallaye huɗu jimilla kuma ya taimaka aka ci huɗu. A baya ya ƙi amincewa da damar kasancewa cikin tawagar Ingila a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 domin taimakawa Celtic ta kai ga gasar zakarun Turai. <ref name="Lincoln Red Imps">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause |url=https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=STV News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.stv.tv/sport/1361291-roberts-happy-to-swerve-england-duty-to-help-celtic-s-european-cause?amp "Roberts happy to swerve England duty to help Celtic's European cause"]. </cite></ref> An kuma yi tsammanin za a zaɓi Roberts a cikin tawagar Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2017, ammah maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya buga wa Celtic wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Scotland ta Shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Patrick Roberts passes up U20 World Cup spot to stay at Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39825899 |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Roberts a Kingston upon Thames, Greater London . Iyayensa (Louise da Neil) dukkansu 'yan Merseyside ne. Yana da babban ɗan'uwa Adam da ƙanwarsa Jessica. Shi mai sha'awar [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool FC ne]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akerman |first=Nick |date=20 August 2014 |title=Liverpool Transfer News: 'English Messi' Patrick Roberts Eyed, Jordan Ibe Latest |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2169308-liverpool-transfer-news-english-messi-patrick-roberts-eyed-jordan-ibe-latest |website=Bleacher Report}}</ref> Tsohon ɗalibi ne na Kwalejin Wimbledon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Wimbledonians Association |url=http://www.oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031164903/http://oldwimbledonians.com/history.html |archive-date=31 October 2016 |access-date=2017-04-23 |website=www.oldwimbledonians.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 February 2026}}<ref name=SW>{{cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028/|title=Patrick Roberts Profile|publisher=Soccerbase.com|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Scottish Cup]], [[Copa del Rey]], [[Coupe de France]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup|Football League/EFL Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Fulham |2013–14 |[[Premier League]] |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2014–15 |Championship |17 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !22 !0 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |2015–16 |Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] (loan) |2015–16<ref name="Games played by Patrick Roberts in 2015/2016" /> |Scottish Premiership |11 |6 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |6 |- |2016–17 |Scottish Premiership |32 |9 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |47 |11 |- |2017–18 |Scottish Premiership |12 |0 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3[c] |1 | colspan="2" |— |19 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !55 !15 !7 !0 !5 !0 !12 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !79 !18 |- |[[Girona FC|Girona]] (loan) |2018–19 |[[La Liga]] |19 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |Norwich City (loan) |2019–20 |Premier League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] (loan) |2019–20<ref name="ReferenceA" /> |Championship |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |11 |1 |- |2020–21 |Championship |9 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !19 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !21 !1 |- |Derby County (loan) |2020–21<ref name="2020-21" /> |Championship |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |15 |1 |- |Troyes (loan) |2021–22<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Patrick Roberts {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} Sunderland {{!}} Season 2021/2022 {{!}} Soccer Base |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=75028&season_id=154 |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref> |[[Ligue 1]] |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Troyes II (loan) |2021–22 |Championnat National 3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |2021–22<ref name=":0" /> |League One |14 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |1 |17 |2 |- |2022–23 |Championship |42 |5 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Championship play-offs]]}} |0 |48 |5 |- |2023–24 |Championship |32 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |32 |0 |- |2024–25 |Championship |45 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[e] |0 |48 |2 |- |2025–26 |Premier League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !134 !8 !3 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !8 !1 !147 !9 |- |Birmingham City (loan) |2025–26<ref name="PR2526" /> |Championship |25 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |26 |3 |- |Birmingham City |2025–26 |Championship |2 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !294 !28 !19 !1 !11 !0 !12 !3 !8 !1 !344 !33 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Celtic''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland : 2015–16, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2016 |title=Celtic celebrate fifth straight Scottish title with thumping win over Motherwell |url=http://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/scottish-premiership/2015-2016/celtic-celebrate-fifth-straight-scottish-title-with-thumping-win-over-motherwell_sto5573644/story.shtml |access-date=5 December 2016 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin Scotland : 2016–17, 2017–18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} * Kofin League na Scotland : 2016–17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=English |first=Tom |date=27 November 2016 |title=Aberdeen 0–3 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/38110297 |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2017–18 <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2017 |title=Motherwell 0 – 2 Celtic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42056522 |access-date=26 November 2017 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Girona''' * Supercopa de Catalunya : 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona 0:1 Girona |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/matches/41493/fc-barcelona-girona-labelcompetitionname800-2018-2019 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> '''Sunderland''' * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL League One : 2022 * Wasannin da za a buga a gasar EFL : 2025 '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16''' * Garkuwar Nasara : 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=McCrorie heroics not enough as English retain Victory Shield |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13082955.mccrorie-heroics-not-enough-english-retain-victory-shield/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=[[Herald Scotland]]}}</ref> '''Ingila 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kell |first=Tom |date=21 May 2014 |title=England beat Dutch on penalties to take title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0ce4410e4567-fe869d2670d7-1000--england-beat-dutch-on-penalties-to-take-title/ |access-date=5 December 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Turai ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 17 ta UEFA: 2014 <ref name="UEFA">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=3 September 2014}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813011930/http://www.uefa.com/under17/season=2014/technical-report/tr-under17-2014.pdf "Archived copy"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> * Ɗan Wasan Premier na Scotland na Wata: Afrilu Shekarar 2016 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [http://www.mcfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/midfielders/patrick-roberts Bayanin 'Yan wasa] a [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] * Patrick Roberts * Patrick Roberts [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} prmgu7pm93e3i4q7l42ntt4p8fbxall 0 162259 888378 887196 2026-07-28T08:57:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 888378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marley Martin Mickaël Justin Aké''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Janairu 2001) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Faransa wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta Belgian Pro League Zulte Waregem a matsayin aro daga ƙungiyar Swizalan Yverdon . == Aikin kulob == === Marseille === A ranar 29 ga Yuni 2019, Aké ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta aiki da Marseille . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Germain |first=Pierre |date=29 June 2019 |title=Marley Ake revient sur la signature de son contrat pro à l'OM |trans-title=Marley Ake comes back on his signing of his pro contract at OM |url=https://fr.onefootball.com/marley-ake-revient-sur-la-signature-de-son-contrat-pro-a-lom/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929212317/https://fr.onefootball.com/marley-ake-revient-sur-la-signature-de-son-contrat-pro-a-lom/ |archive-date=29 September 2019 |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=Onefootball |language=fr}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayinsa na ɗan wasa a [[Ligue 1|gasar Ligue 1]] a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Rennes a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Olympique Marseille vs. Rennes - 29 September 2019 - Soccerway |url=https://ca.soccerway.com/matches/2019/09/29/france/ligue-1/olympique-de-marseille/stade-rennais-fc/3030624/?ICID=HP_MS_03_03 |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> === Juventus === A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2021, Aké ya koma ƙungiyar Juventus ta Serie A a kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da rabi, a kan yarjejeniyar da ta kai Yuro miliyan 8, inda Franco Tongya ya koma Marseille a kan kuɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Juventus.com |title=UFFICIALE {{!}} Marley Akè è bianconero. Tongya al Marsiglia - Juventus |url=https://www.juventus.com/it/news/articoli/ufficiale-marley-ake-e-bianconero-tongya-al-marsiglia |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=Juventus.com |language=it}}</ref> An haɗa Aké cikin ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta juventus, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=28 January 2021 |title=Official {{!}} Marseille & Juventus conclude Marley Aké – Franco Tongya deal in €8m swap |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/official-marseille-juventus-conclude-marley-ake-franco-tongya-deal-in-e8m-swap/ |access-date=28 January 2021 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 31 ga Janairu, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka yi da Giana Erminio a gasar lig. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Juventus, esordio in bianconero per il nuovo acquisto Aké: il francese debutta con l'U23 - TUTTOmercatoWEB.com |url=https://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/juventus-esordio-in-bianconero-per-il-nuovo-acquisto-ake-il-francese-debutta-con-l-u23-1489903 |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=www.tuttomercatoweb.com |language=it}}</ref> Kwallon farko da Aké ya ci ta zo ne a ranar 3 ga Maris, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan karshe da ya taimaka wa Juventus U23 ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Novara da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2021-03-03 |title=Gol Akè: prima marcatura con la Juventus U23 per il francese |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/gol-ake-prima-marcatura-juventus-under-23-novara-serie-c-2020-21/ |access-date=2021-03-03 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Satumba, Aké ya rasa bugun fenariti a minti na 14 a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-0 a hannun Pro Patria . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alessandro Villano |date=2021-09-12 |title=Pro Patria Juventus U23 1-0: Akè spreca, prima scontitta stagionale |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/pro-patria-juventus-u23-sintesi-moviola-risultato-tabellino-cronaca-live-serie-c-2021-22/ |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, Aké ya zira kwallayen ƙwallaye a cikin nasara da ci 2–1 da Fiorenzuola '''.''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baridon |first=Marco |date=2021-11-20 |title=Juventus U23 Fiorenzuola 2-1: doppio Aké, secondo successo di fila |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/juventus-u23-fiorenzuola-live-sintesi-moviola-tabellino-risultato-cronaca-serie-c-2021-22-highlights/ |access-date=2021-11-20 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2021, ƙungiyar farko ta kira shi don buga wasan Serie A da Hellas Verona . <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2021-02-26 |title=Convocati Juve per il Verona: out Morata, presenti 3 giovani attaccanti |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/convocati-juve-per-verona-lista-pirlo-serie-a-2020-2021/ |access-date=2022-01-09 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2022, Aké ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a wasan da suka doke Sampdoria da ci 4-1 a gasar Coppa Italia, inda ya shigo a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 75; bayan minti ɗaya, ya ci bugun fenariti da [[Álvaro Morata]] ya ci bayan da Tommaso Augello ya yi masa keta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2022-01-18 |title=Juve Sampdoria 4-1: poker bianconero allo Stadium, Allegri vola ai quarti |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/juve-sampdoria-live-sintesi-moviola-risultato-tabellino-cronaca-coppa-italia-2021-22-highlights/ |access-date=2022-01-18 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, Aké ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar Serie A, inda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 86 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Atalanta . <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2022-02-13 |title=Esordio Aké in Serie A: prima in campionato per il talento |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/esordio-aake-serie-a-prima-campionato/ |access-date=2022-02-13 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Maris, Aké ya buga wasansa na farko a matsayin wanda zai fara wasa da Juventus a wasan da suka doke Fiorentina da ci 1-0 a Coppa Italia, inda Juan Cuadrado ya maye gurbinsa bayan hutun rabin lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiorentina vs. Juventus - 2 March 2022 - Soccerway |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2022/03/02/italy/coppa-italia/acf-fiorentina/juventus-fc/3748826/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=uk.soccerway.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Agusta 2022, Juventus ta sanar da cewa Aké zai yi jinyar watanni biyu bayan ya ji rauni a lokacin gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2022-08-01 |title=Infortunio Aké: UFFICIALI due mesi di stop! Le sue condizioni |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/infortunio-ake-comunicato-juve-ufficiale-condizioni-tempi-recupero-ultime-notizie/ |access-date=2022-08-01 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> ==== Aron zuwa Dijon ==== A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2023, Aké ya koma Dijon a gasar Ligue 2 ta Faransa a matsayin aro har zuwa sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2023 |title=MARLEY AKÉ PRÊTÉ AU DFCO PAR LA JUVENTUS TURIN ! |url=https://www.dfco.fr/marley-ake-prete-au-dfco-par-la-juventus-turin/ |access-date=31 January 2023 |publisher=Dijon FCO |language=fr}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni 14 da Dijon, sannan ya buga wasanni biyu da ƙungiyar reserve ta ƙungiyar. ==== Lamuni ga Udinese da Yverdon ==== A ranar 7 ga Agusta 2023, Aké ya koma ƙungiyar [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]] ta Serie A a matsayin aro tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2023 |title=Benvenuto Marley: Un nuovo esterno in casa bianconera |url=https://www.udinese.it/news/squadra/benvenuto-marley |publisher=Udinese |language=it}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Juventus.com |title=Marley Aké joins Udinese on loan - Juventus |url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/marley-ake-joins-udinese-on-loan |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Juventus.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairu 2024, ya koma wani sabon aro zuwa Yverdon da ke Switzerland, tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=MARLEY AKÉ, NOUVEL AILIER À YS ! |trans-title=MARLEY AKÉ, NEW WINGER AT YS! |url=https://www.yverdonsport.ch/marley-ake-nouvel-ailier-a-ys/ |access-date=18 January 2024 |publisher=Yverdon |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Yverdon === A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2024, Yverdon ya fara zaɓin siyan sa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-08-08 |title=MARLEY AKÉ DE RETOUR, OFFICIELLEMENT TRANSFÉRÉ ! |url=https://www.yverdonsport.ch/marley-ake-de-retour-officiellement-transfere/ |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=Yverdon-Sport |language=fr-FR }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== Lamuni ga Zulte Waregem ==== Bayan faduwa daga gasar Swiss Super League, a ranar 2 ga Satumba 2025, Aké ya koma aro zuwa Zulte Waregem da ke Belgium, tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2025 |title=Marley Aké nieuwste aanwinst voor Essevee |trans-title=Marley Aké newest addition to Essevee |url=https://www.essevee.be/nl/nieuws/welkom-ak%C3%A9 |access-date=21 December 2025 |publisher=SV Zulte Waregem |language=nl}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Aké [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] ne mai ƙafar dama wanda zai iya bugawa a ɓangarorin biyu amma ya fi son yin wasa a ɓangaren hagu. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sport |first=Sky |title=Marley Aké, chi è il giocatore che ha debuttato con la Juventus in Coppa Italia |url=https://sport.sky.it/calcio/serie-a/2022/01/19/marley-ake-juventus-chi-e |access-date=2022-02-20 |website=sport.sky.it |language=it}}</ref> Aké yana da kyakkyawan dabara, gudu da kuma dribbling. <ref name=":1" /> Aké ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe mai kai hari da kuma ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya mai tsaron baya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=JuventusNews24 |first=Redazione |date=2021-10-03 |title=Aké cambia ruolo: la scelta di Zauli per Mantova Juventus U23 |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/ake-ruolo-zauli-mantova-juventus-u23/ |access-date=2022-02-20 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Aké a Faransa, kuma asalinsa ɗan ƙasar Ivory Coast ne. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=23 September 2019 |title=Marley Aké, la Pépite ivoirienne dans les pas de Drogba |trans-title=Marley Aké, the Ivorian Gem in the steps of Drogba |url=https://www.actualiteivoire.info/sport/marley-ake-la-pepite-ivoirienne-dans-les-pas-de-drogba/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929212325/https://www.actualiteivoire.info/sport/marley-ake-la-pepite-ivoirienne-dans-les-pas-de-drogba/ |archive-date=29 September 2019 |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=actualiteivoire.info |language=fr}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 22 May 2025}}<ref name=SW>{{Soccerway|564643|access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]] and [[Coppa Italia]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Marseille II |2018–19 |Championnat National 2 |30 |7 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |7 |- |2019–20 |Championnat National 2 |7 |7 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |7 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !37 !14 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !37 !14 |- | rowspan="3" |Marseille |2019–20 |[[Ligue 1]] |9 |0 |3 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2020–21 |Ligue 1 |9 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |4{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]|name=UCL}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !18 !0 !3 !0 !1 !0 !4 !0 !0 !0 !26 !0 |- | rowspan="4" |Juventus Next Gen{{Efn|name=Juventus U23 → Juventus Next Gen|group=lower-greek}} |2020–21 |Serie C |16 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Serie C]] play-offs}} |0 |17 |2 |- |2021–22 |Serie C |26 |5 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Coppa Italia Serie C]]}} |0 |27 |5 |- |2022–23 |Serie C |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !45 !7 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !2 !0 !47 !7 |- |Juventus |2021–22 |Serie A |4 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |6 |0 |- |Dijon (loan) |2022–23 |Ligue 2 |14 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |14 |3 |- |Dijon II (loan) |2022–23 |Championnat National 3 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |[[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]] (loan) |2023–24 |Serie A |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- | rowspan="2" |Yverdon-Sport |2023–24 |Swiss Super League |17 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |17 |2 |- |2024–25 |Swiss Super League |34 |7 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |34 |7 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !170 !33 !7 !0 !1 !0 !4 !0 !2 !0 !182 !21 |}   == Daraja == '''Juventus''' * Supercoppa Italiana : 2021 == Bayanan kula == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/tous-les-joueurs/fiche-joueur/2544451583-marley-ake Bayanin Faransa] Archived a FFF * Marley Aké * {{Soccerway|marley-ake/564643}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] == Manazarta == 3b4n4dq1wpw87vfljr44hp9o4sb4p0m 0 162273 888104 887456 2026-07-27T14:48:59Z Galdiz 9880 /* Gundumar Derby */ 888104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joshua Kipkemboi Whittaker Lelan''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1994) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya na tsakiya ko kuma mai tsaron baya na dama]] ga Farnham Town bayan ya yi rajista sau biyu daga Hayes &amp;amp; Yeading United . An haife shi a [[Ingila]], yana wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Kenya. == Aikin kulob == === Gundumar Derby === An haife shi a Church Broughton, [[Ingila]], Lelann ya fara aikinsa a cikin tsarin matasa na Derby County tun lokacin da ya shiga kulob din lokacin yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu kuma yana riƙe da tikitin kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2012 |title=First Test for U21S |url=https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2012/08/first-test-for-u21s |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226093644/https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2012/08/first-test-for-u21s |archive-date=26 February 2021 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2012, Lelan ya bayyana a ƙungiyar farko a karon farko, a matsayin wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Peterborough United . Kafin kakar wasa ta Shekarar 2012-13, an ba shi riga mai lamba ashirin da takwas kuma ya bayyana a wasannin farko na ƙungiyar a matsayin wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2012 |title=Revised Squad Numbers |url=https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2012/08/revised-squad-numbers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226093653/https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2012/08/revised-squad-numbers |archive-date=26 February 2021 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2013, Lelan ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta aiki da Derby County bayan kammala shirye-shiryensa na tallafin karatu na shekaru biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2013 |title=Rams Hand Professional Deals To Ten |url=http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/rams-hand-professional-deals-to-ten-754541.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408081843/http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/rams-hand-professional-deals-to-ten-754541.aspx |archive-date=8 April 2013 |access-date=10 June 2015 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> Lelan ya fara jin daɗin ƙwallon ƙafa ta manyan 'yan wasa ne lokacin da ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Gateshead a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya a ranar 20 ga watan Satumba shekarar, 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Derby County defender makes loan move |url=http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Derby-County-defender-makes-loan/story-19819898-detail/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809232226/http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Derby-County-defender-makes-loan/story-19819898-detail/story.html |archive-date=9 August 2014 |access-date=9 August 2014 |publisher=Derby Telegraph}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a karon farko a wasan da suka doke Tamworth da ci 1-0 bayan kwana uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2013 |title=Loan Watch: 23/09/13 |url=http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/loan-watch-230913-1070466.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610220924/http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/loan-watch-230913-1070466.aspx |archive-date=10 June 2015 |access-date=10 June 2015 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> Lelan ya koma ƙungiyar iyayensa bayan ya buga wasanni huɗu a Gateshead. A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2014, Lelan ya koma Swindon Town a kan aro na wata ɗaya. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2014–15 a gidan Swindon, inda ya yi nasara a kan Scunthorpe United . A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2014, Lelan ya tsawaita zaman aronsa a Swindon da wata guda, wanda hakan zai sa ya ci gaba da zama a kulob din har zuwa 27 ga Satumba 2014. <ref name="Derby County's Josh Lelan Extends His Loan At Swindon Town">{{Cite web |title=Derby County's Josh Lelan Extends His Loan At Swindon Town |url=http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/derby-countys-josh-lelan-extends-his-loan-at-swindon-town-1883121.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129081808/http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/derby-countys-josh-lelan-extends-his-loan-at-swindon-town-1883121.aspx |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=29 August 2014 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> Lelan ya buga wasanni biyar a ƙungiyar, kamar yadda ƙungiyar iyayensa ta sake kiransa. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2014-15, ƙungiyar ta sallami Lelan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2015 |title=Derby County Confirm End Of Season Retained List |url=http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/derby-county-confirm-end-of-season-retained-list-2452729.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610221804/http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/derby-county-confirm-end-of-season-retained-list-2452729.aspx |archive-date=10 June 2015 |access-date=10 June 2015 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> === Garin Northampton === Bayan da Derby County ta sallame shi, Lelan ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Northampton Town ta Football League Two a kan kwantiragin watanni 12. Da ya shiga ƙungiyar, an ba shi riga mai lamba goma sha biyu. Lelan ya fara buga wasa a Northampton Town, inda ya fara wasan gaba daya a matsayin dan wasan baya na dama, a wasan da suka doke Bristol Rovers da ci 1-0 a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta bana. Ya taimaka wa kulob din ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin 'yanci a wasanni biyu da za su yi da Blackpool da Exeter City . Duk da haka, a wasan da suka yi da Plymouth Argyle a ranar 22 ga Agusta shekarar 2015, Lelan ya sami katin jan kati na biyu na bugun fenariti, bayan an yi masa katin gargadi sau biyu a cikin mintuna biyu na ƙarshe na wasan, yayin da Northampton Town ta sha kashi da ci 2-0. A wasan da suka yi da Dagenham da Redbridge, ya yi laifin zura kwallo ta farko a wasan, yayin da kungiyar ta sha kashi da ci 2-1. Sakamakon haka, Lelan ya rasa matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama, inda Darnell Furlong da Brendan Moloney suka fi so a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama na Northampton Town. Sai a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2015 lokacin da ya dawo cikin tawagar farko da Crawley Town, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 62, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1. A wasan da ya biyo baya, Lelan ya fara buga wasa a karon farko a kungiyar cikin watanni biyu da suka fafata da Yeovil Town, kuma ya taimaka wa Northampton Town ta ci gaba da kasancewa a kan teburi, inda suka yi nasara da ci 2-0. Duk da haka, ya sake rasa matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar ga Moloney a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama na tsawon watanni biyar masu zuwa. Bayan ƙungiyar ta haura zuwa League One, Lelan ya fara wasa a sauran wasanni huɗu na kakar wasa, yana wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2015–16, ya buga wasanni goma sha uku a dukkan gasa. Bayan haka, Northampton Town ta saki Lelan, yayin da manajan kulob din Rob Page ya nuna nadama bayan yanke shawarar sakin dan wasan, yana mai cewa "yaron ya shiga ya kuma bayar da kyakkyawan bayani game da kansa. Daga ra'ayin magoya baya, yana iya zama abin mamaki, amma mun yanke shawarar [sakin Lelan] a matsayin rukuni kuma abin da muke ganin ya fi dacewa da wannan kulob din kwallon kafa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Casey |first=Jeremy |date=20 May 2016 |title=Rose offered new Cobblers contract as Lelan and Corry are released |url=http://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/sport/football/rose-offered-new-cobblers-contract-as-lelan-and-corry-are-released-1-7393442 |access-date=14 July 2016 |website=Northampton Chronicle & Echo}}</ref> A watan Yulin shekarar 2016, Lelan, yana neman sabuwar ƙungiya, ya buga wasa a matsayin mai gwada 'yan wasa a ƙungiyar Ligue One Gillingham a wasan da suka doke Concord Rangers da kuma ƙungiyar League Two Plymouth Argyle a wasan da suka doke St Blazey da ci 9-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2016 |title=Former Scunthorpe player Marcus Williams and ex Northampton defender Josh Lelan among the trialists at Gillingham |url=http://www.kentonline.co.uk/medway/sport/trial-players-hoping-to-win-99280/? |access-date=2016-07-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa yana halartar shari'a a ƙungiyar Västerås SK ta Sweden a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 2016, amma bai sami kwangila ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Korir |first=Patrick |title=Harambee Stars call up lands Swedish trial |url=http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/harambee-stars-call-up-lands-swedish-trial |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815105854/http://soka.co.ke/news/item/harambee-stars-call-up-lands-swedish-trial |archive-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> Daga nan Lelan ya koma tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Derby County U23, inda ya buga wasanni bakwai tsakanin Oktoba 2016 da Janairu 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2016 |title=U23 Report: Derby County 0-2 S.L. Benefica B |url=https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2016/10/u23-report-derby-county-0-2-sl-benifca-b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108114333/https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2016/10/u23-report-derby-county-0-2-sl-benifca-b |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Disamba 2016, an yi masa gwaji tare da Leyton Orient, ƙungiyar League Two, inda za su fafata da Southend United a wasan sada zumunci na sirri.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Garin Crawley === A ranar 26 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2017, Lelan ya koma ƙungiyar League Two Crawley Town kan yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya da rabi bayan ya yi gwajin ɗan gajeren lokaci a Derby County. A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2017, ya fara buga wa kulob din wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a hannun [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage]] . An bai wa Lelan kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan Crawley Town bayan ya fara buga wasa mai ban sha'awa duk da rashin nasara da ya yi. <ref name="Lelan Crawley Observer2" /> Tun lokacin da ya shiga kulob din, ya fara wasa a wasanni hudu masu zuwa, inda ya buga wasa a tsakiya-baya da kuma dama-baya. Duk da haka, a wasan da suka yi da Wycombe Wanderers a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2017, Lelan ya ji rauni kuma an sauya shi a minti na 21, yayin da Crawley Town ta yi nasara da ci 2-1. Bayan ya rasa wasa ɗaya, ya koma cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su fara wasa da Doncaster Rovers kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin 'yan wasa marasa sa'a, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 0-0 a ranar 4 ga Maris 2017. Daga nan Lelan ya biyo baya ta hanyar farawa a matsayin dama-baya don wasanni uku masu zuwa ga Crawley Town. Duk da haka, ya sami lokacin wasa, galibi daga benci mai maye gurbinsa a sauran kakar wasa ta 2016-17. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2016–17, Lelan ya ci gaba da buga wasanni ashirin a duk gasannin da ya buga. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Lelan ya ci gaba da kafa kansa a cikin ƙungiyar farko, yana wasa a matsayin tsakiya-baya, hagu-baya da kuma matsayin dama-baya. Daga nan ya taimaka wa Crawley Town ta ci gaba da kasancewa a shirye don kare kanta a wasanni biyu tsakanin 26 ga Agusta 2017 da 2 ga Satumba 2017 da Swindon Town da Yeovil Town. Lelan ya taimaka wa kulob din ya kare kwallaye hudu a raga daga cikin wasanni biyar da suka fafata tsakanin 7 ga Oktoba 2017 da 28 ga Oktoba 2017. Tun farkon kakar wasa ta 2017–18, ya fara wasa a kowanne wasa har sai da aka ajiye shi a benci a wasanni biyu masu zuwa tsakanin 21 ga Nuwamba 2017 da 25 ga Nuwamba 2017. Amma Lelan ya dawo cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko da Mansfield Town a ranar 9 ga Disamba 2017 kuma ya taimaka wa Crawley Town ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin 'yan wasa marasa kyau, a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 2-0. Daga nan ya sake samun matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar a wasanni goma masu zuwa ga ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, Lelan ya rasa matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar kuma an sanya shi a kan benci na wucin gadi a sauran kakar wasa ta 2017-18. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2017–18, ya buga wasanni talatin da uku a dukkan gasannin. A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2018, an sanar da cewa Lelan zai bar Crawley a ƙarshen yarjejeniyarsa ta yanzu a watan Yuni. === Garin Aldershot === A ranar 2 ga Watan Yuli shekarar 2018, bayan an sallame shi daga Crawley, Lelan ya amince ya koma ƙungiyar National League ta Aldershot Town . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar, inda ya fara wasan gaba ɗaya a matsayin ɗan baya na dama, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun Solihull Moors a ranar 11 ga Agusta 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2018 |title=Report: Solihull Moors 1-0 The Shots |url=https://www.theshots.co.uk/report-solihull-moors-1-0-the-shots/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930053140/https://www.theshots.co.uk/report-solihull-moors-1-0-the-shots/ |archive-date=30 September 2020 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Aldershot Town Official Site}}</ref> Tun lokacin da ya koma Aldershot Town, Lelan ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya fara bugawa a ƙungiyar, yana wasa a matsayin ɗan tsakiya-mai baya da kuma a matsayin ɗan baya-mai baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2018 |title=Shots 2-1 Sutton United |url=https://www.theshots.co.uk/shots-2-1-sutton-united/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927130739/https://www.theshots.co.uk/shots-2-1-sutton-united/ |archive-date=27 September 2020 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Aldershot Town Official Site}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe ƙungiyar ta fice daga gasar bayan kunnen doki 1-1 da Hartlepool United a ranar 13 ga Watan Afrilu shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2019 |title=Shots 1-1 Pools – Aldershot Relegated |url=https://www.theshots.co.uk/full-time-shots-1-1-pools-aldershot-relegated/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926134424/https://www.theshots.co.uk/full-time-shots-1-1-pools-aldershot-relegated/ |archive-date=26 September 2020 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Aldershot Town Official Site}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2018-19, ya buga wasanni ashirin da shida a dukkan gasannin. Bayan haka, an sallami Lelan a ƙarshen kakarsa ta farko a ƙungiyar. === Hayes da Yeading === A farkon shekarar 2023, Lelan ya rattaba hannu kan Hayes &amp;amp; Yeading United === Garin Farnham === A ranar 22 ga Watan Satumba shekarar 2023, Lelan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zama ɗan wasa na Farnham Town bayan ya yi rijista sau biyu daga Hayes &amp;amp; Yeading United . <ref>{{Cite tweet|title=📝 Farnham Sign Experienced Defender @FarnhamTownFC are delighted to announce the signing of defender Josh Lelan on a dual-registration from @HYUFC_Official|user=FarnhamTownFC}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 5 ga Watan Agusta shekarar 2016, Lelan ya sami kiran farko zuwa Kenya a karon farko kuma ya cancanci buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta hannun mahaifinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tracing Harambee Stars callups Jonah Ayunga and Joshua Lelan |url=http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/tracing-harambee-stars-callups-jonah-ayunga-and-joshua-lelan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810024810/http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/tracing-harambee-stars-callups-jonah-ayunga-and-joshua-lelan |archive-date=10 August 2016}}</ref> Ya fara buga wa ƙasarsa wasa a ranar 30 ga Watan Agusta Shekarar 2016 a wasan da suka yi da Uganda, inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 0-0. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opiyo |first=Vincent |title=Uganda Cranes, Harambee Stars fire blanks at Namboole |url=http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/uganda-cranes-harambee-stars-fire-blanks-at-namboole |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903082113/http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/uganda-cranes-harambee-stars-fire-blanks-at-namboole |archive-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> Bayan ya fara buga wa Kenya wasa, Lelan ya yi tunani game da wasansa na farko, yana mai cewa: "Salon ƙwallon ƙafa ne daban-daban wanda na koya abubuwa da yawa daga gare shi kuma ina son yin ƙarin wasanni a wasannin ƙasashen waje. Yin wasa da Victor lokaci ne mai matuƙar alfahari a gare ni da iyalina." == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 December 2018.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Gateshead (loan) |2013–14 |Conference Premier |4 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |4 |0 |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Swindon Town (loan) |2014–15 |League One |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |6 |0 |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Northampton Town |2015–16 |League Two |11 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1<ref group="lower-alpha" name="FLT" /> |0 |13 |0 |- | rowspan="3" valign="center" |Crawley Town |2016–17 |League Two |13 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |13 |0 |- |2017–18 |League Two |30 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |32 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !43 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !45 !0 |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Aldershot Town |2018–19 |National League |17 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |19 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !80 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 !4 !0 !87 !0 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == Daraja == '''Garin Northampton''' * Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu : 2015–16 == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Josh Lelan at Soccerbase [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] kge8rzd795kn7vrwz0sa1bcepx2aho9 0 162297 888274 887689 2026-07-27T20:26:12Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 888274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An gudanar da zaɓen gwamna na Jihar Ekiti a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2026,<ref name="Dates">{{Cite news |title=Ekiti State Timetable & Schedule of Activities for the 2026 Governorship Election. |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/ekiti-state-timtable-schedule-of-activities-for-the-2026-governorship-election/ |newspaper=[[INEC Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> don zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]]. Gwamnan [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na yanzu, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], yana cikin wa'adinsa na farko kuma zai yi takara da wasu 'yan takara don neman sake zaben na biyu. An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani a shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. <ref name="Dates" /> == Tsarin zabe == Ana zabar [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Ekiti|Gwamnan Jihar Ekiti]] ta amfani da tsarin zagaye biyu. Don a zabe shi a zagaye na farko, dole ne dan takara ya sami kuri'un da yawa da kuma sama da kashi 25% na kuri'un a akalla kashi biyu bisa uku na yankunan kananan hukumomin jihar. Idan babu dan takara da ya wuce wannan ƙofar, za a gudanar da zagaye na biyu tsakanin babban dan takara kuma dan takara na gaba da ya sami kuri'u da yawa a cikin mafi yawan yankunan karamar hukuma. == Zaben fidda gwani == An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani tsakanin 20 ga Oktoba da 10 ga Nuwamba 2025. A cewar wasu 'yan takara da shugabannin al'umma a karkashin kungiyar Ekiti South Agenda Forum, yarjejeniyar yanki ta al'ada ta sanya Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Ekiti ta sami gwamna na gaba tun bayan dawowar dimokuradiyya ta 1999, duk gwamnonin Ekiti sun fito ne daga ko dai Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta Ekiti ko Ekiti ta Arewa. Koyaya, babu wata babbar jam'iyya da ta rufe zaben fidda gwani ga waɗanda ba na Kudu ba.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Afolabi |first1=Ayodele |title=Ekiti 2022: Ekiti South insists on producing next governor |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/ekiti-2022-ekiti-south-insists-on-producing-next-governor/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours">{{Cite news |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Rasaq |title=Ekiti poll: South District clamours for power shift |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ekiti-poll-south-district-clamours-for-power-shift/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref> === APC === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025, jam'iyyar APC ta ayyana gwamnan da ke kan mulki, [[Biodun Oyebanji]], wanda ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar da kuma dan takararsa na zaben jihar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jubilation In Ekiti As Gov. Oyebanji Emerges APC Governorship Candidate |url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/31977 |newspaper=[[Government of Ekiti State, Nigeria]] |access-date=30 March 2026}}</ref> ==== An bayyana shi ==== * [[Richard Bamisile]], [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Emure / Gbonyin / Ekiti Gabas kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2022 <ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ojomoyela |first1=Rotimi |title=Ekiti 2022: House of Reps member, Bamisile, joins guber race |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/ekiti-2022-house-of-reps-member-bamisile-joins-guber-race/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours" /><ref name="X-raying Aspirants">{{Cite news |last1=Abolayo |first1=Afiz |title=Ekiti 2022: X-raying the leading aspirants |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/ekiti-2022-x-raying-the-leading-aspirants/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |access-date=4 August 2021}}</ref> * Biodun Oyebanji, Gwamna na yanzu ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Babafemi Ojudu]], tsohon Sanata na tsakiya na Ekiti kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kan batutuwan siyasa * Olawale Fapohunda, Babban Lauyan Ekiti da Kwamishinan Shari'a <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls">{{Cite news |last1=Nwaoko |first1=Sam |title=A Peep Into Ekiti 2022 Governorship And The Hopefuls |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/a-peep-into-ekiti-2022-governorship-and-the-hopefuls/ |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> * Biodun Omoleye, Shugaban Ma'aikatan Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Abiodun Oyebanji, Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Makinde Araoye, Mai ba da shawara na Musamman kan Batutuwan Tarayya da Gwamnati ga Gwamna Fayemi <ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /> * Bamidele Faparusi, Kwamishinan Infrastructure da Public Utilities da kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Muyiwa Olumilua, Kwamishinan Zuba Jari, Ciniki da Masana'antu * Diran Adesua, Kwamishinan Gidaje da Ci gaban Birane * Adeyemi Adaramodu, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / Ise / Orun <ref name="Clamours" /> * Mojisola Yaya-Kolade, Kwamishinan Lafiya * [[Bolaji Aluko]], tsohon Jami'ar Tarayya, Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na Otuoke, Mai Gudanar da Rundunar Ayyukan COVID-19 ta Jihar Ekiti, da Darakta Janar na Ofishin Canji da Bayar da Sabis <ref name="Hopefuls" /> * Funminiyi Afuye, Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti <ref name="Clamours" /> * [[Adebayo Clement Adeyeye]], tsohon Sanata na Ekiti ta Kudu, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma tsohon Ministan Jiha na Ayyuka <ref name="Clamours" /> * Paul Omotoso, Shugaban Mai Kula da Ekiti APC <ref name="Clamours" /> * Kayode Ojo, ɗan kasuwa kuma Dan takarar gwamna na APC na 2018 * Otunba Ademola Popoola, mai ba da shawara kan jirgin sama === PDP === ==== Siffofin gabatarwa da aka saya ==== * Kayode Adaramodu, tsohon Mataimakin Manajan Darakta na Bankin Amincewa<ref name="X-raying Aspirants" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Afolabi |first1=Ayodele |last2=Daniel |first2=Eniola |title=TBank ex-boss, Adaramodu, joins Ekiti 2022 governorship race |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/gtbank-ex-boss-adaramodu-joins-ekiti-2022-governorship-race/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Clamours" /><ref name="PDP ticket">{{Cite news |last1=Ibrahim |first1=Rasaq |title=Who will pick PDP ticket? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/who-will-pick-pdp-ticket/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=13 July 2021 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> * Adewumi Adesoye * Adekemi Adewumi, 2019 PDP House of Representatives dan takarar kuma gwauruwar Shugaban Air Staff [[Ibrahim Mahmud Alfa]] ==== An bayyana shi ==== * Sikiru Tae-Lawal, tsohon Mataimakin Gwamna ==== Daidaitawa ==== * [[Dare Bejide]], tsohon Jakadan Kanada, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti, Dan takarar gwamna na PDP na 2018, kuma dan takarar gwamnan PPN na 2018 * Segun Adekola, [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Wakilin]] Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma / Ikere / l * Ise / Orun <ref name="PDP ticket" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3763vx5yd72ip3zxwu48wnxg1k80d09 0 162363 888107 887958 2026-07-27T15:20:03Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Nassoshi */ 888107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Brigitte Adler''' .(22 Afrilu 1944 &#x2013; 25 Oktoba 2004) 'yar siyasa ce ta Jamus a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) kuma tsohuwar memba a Majalisar Dokokin Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1998-02-28 |title=Die Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages - 1.-13. Wahlperiode: Alphabetisches Gesamtverzeichnis |trans-title=The members of the German Bundestag - 1st - 13th term of office: Alphabetical complete index |url=http://webarchiv.bundestag.de/cgi/show.php?fileToLoad=627&id=12 |access-date=2020-05-21 |website=webarchiv.bundestag.de |publisher=Deutscher Bundestag, Verwaltung WD 3 / ZI 5 |language=de}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Adler a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1944 a Drangstedt, Wesermünde . Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wertheim, inda ta kammala jarrabawar shiga jami'a. Ta halarci kwalejin horar da malamai ta Heidelberg da kuma Cibiyar Malaman Firamare ta Weingarten/Tettnang, inda ta kammala jarrabawar Sashe na I da na II na horar da malamai. == PSana'a == Ta kasance memba a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) tun daga shekarar 1970. Ta koma Majalisar Dokokin Jamus a zaɓen tarayya na 1987 a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin jihar Baden-Württemberg. Ta yi haka a zaɓen 'yan majalisa na 1990 da 1994 kuma ta kasance mamba kuma sakatare na Kwamitin Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba a wa'adin 1994 zuwa 1998. == Adabi ==   == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] 7zh2jsjpd18bleppwxym5saulu9wc1q 0 162367 888108 2026-07-27T15:22:18Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361954974|Gollaleh Ahmadi]]" 888108 wikitext text/x-wiki Gollaleh Ahmadi (an haife shi a shekara ta 1982) ɗan siyasan Jamus ne na ƙungiyar Alliance 90/The Greens wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na Abgeordnetenhaus na Berlin tun daga shekara ta 2021. == Rayuwa, ilimi da aiki == An haifi Ahmadi a [[Tehran]] a shekarar 1982. Mahaifiyarta 'yar jarida ce, mahaifinta kuma makaniken mota ne kuma jami'in ƙungiyar ƙwadago. Iyayenta sun fuskanci tsanantar siyasa saboda su membobin Jam'iyyar Tudeh ta Iran mai goyon bayan Tarayyar Soviet ne; a wasu lokutan ana tsare su ko kuma a yi musu zaman ɓoye. Iyalan sun gudu zuwa Jamus a shekarar 1996, inda suka zauna a matsugunin 'yan gudun hijira na tsawon shekaru uku da rabi kafin su zauna a Fürstenwalde . Gollaleh ta kammala karatunta na makaranta kuma ta wuce Abitur a can a shekarar 2004. Daga nan ta karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]] da tarihi da al'adun Gabas ta Tsakiya a [[Magdeburg]], Frankfurt an der Oder, da [[Berlin]] . <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> <ref name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2009 zuwa 2013, Ahmadi ta kasance mai magana da yawun wata ƙungiyar ɗalibai 'yan Jamus da Iran da ke fafutukar kare dimokuraɗiyya da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Iran. A wani ɓangare na wani kamfen na ilimi a Berlin, ta jagoranci tarurrukan bita kan ilimin dimokuraɗiyya, yaƙi da wariya, yaƙi da mata da kuma yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> Tsakanin 2017 da 2019, Ahmadi ta yi aiki a ofisoshin majalisar dokoki na Bundestag da Abgeordnetenhaus na Berlin a matsayin mataimakiyar bincike. Ta kuma kasance mai fassara a sashen shari'a a Majalisar Dattawan Berlin . A shekarar 2019, ta zama manaja ga wani memba na Abgeordnetenhaus. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> == Siyasa == Ahmadi ta shiga jam'iyyar Greens a shekarar 2013 kuma ta shiga harkokin siyasa a Berlin. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> A zaben jihar Berlin na 2016, ta tsaya takara a mazabar Spandau 2 amma ba a zabe ta ba. A zaben kananan hukumomi da aka gudanar a ranar, an zabe ta a majalisar gundumar Spandau, inda ta zama shugabar kungiyar 'yan majalisar Greens. <ref name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> A lokacin da take siyasa, Ahmadi ta fuskanci ƙiyayya da cin zarafi, gami da barazanar tashin hankali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi: "Hate affects many local politicians" |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/politik-gesellschaft/gollaleh-ahmadi-der-hass-trifft-viele-politikerinnen-auf-der-kommunalen-ebene-li.165636 |website=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2021 |title=Strength! We speak with ... Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://hateaid.org/gollaleh-ahmadi-interview/ |website=Hateaid.org |language=de}}</ref> Ahmadi kuma wakiliya ce a Majalisar Mata ta Tarayyar Green tun daga shekarar 2019, kuma memba ce a cikin ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta ilimi ta jiha a tsakanin 2017 zuwa 2018, kuma mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta jiha "Mata* da Jinsi" a shekarar 2019. An zabi Ahmadi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Greens a mazabar Spandau 3 a zaben jihar Berlin na 2021, da kuma matsayi na tara a jerin jam'iyyun jihar. Ta zo ta uku da kashi 13.5% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, kuma an zaɓe ta a Abgeordnetenhaus a jerin 'yan takarar jihar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2021 |title=Spandau 3 |url=https://www.wahlen-berlin.de/wahlen/Be2021/AFSPRAES/ergebnisse_wahlkreis_0503.html |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Elections Berlin |language=de}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta zama mai magana da yawun Greens kan harkokin tsaro da kafofin watsa labarai. <ref name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ "Gollaleh Ahmadi"]. ''Gollaleh-ahmadi.de'' (in German). 4 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Harkokin Cikin Gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi is the new chair of the Interior Committee |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article234396871/Gollaleh-Ahmadi-ist-neue-Vorsitzende-des-Innenausschusses.html |website=[[Berliner Morgenpost]] |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 8k9895izwlaz1415w6f508l0la246qu 888109 888108 2026-07-27T15:23:51Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 888109 wikitext text/x-wiki Gollaleh Ahmadi (an haife shi a shekara ta 1982) ɗan siyasan Jamus ne na ƙungiyar Alliance 90/The Greens wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na Abgeordnetenhaus na Berlin tun daga shekara ta 2021. == Rayuwa, ilimi da aiki == An haifi Ahmadi a [[Tehran]] a shekarar 1982. Mahaifiyarta 'yar jarida ce, mahaifinta kuma makaniken mota ne kuma jami'in ƙungiyar ƙwadago. Iyayenta sun fuskanci tsanantar siyasa saboda su membobin Jam'iyyar Tudeh ta Iran mai goyon bayan Tarayyar Soviet ne; a wasu lokutan ana tsare su ko kuma a yi musu zaman ɓoye. Iyalan sun gudu zuwa Jamus a shekarar 1996, inda suka zauna a matsugunin 'yan gudun hijira na tsawon shekaru uku da rabi kafin su zauna a Fürstenwalde . Gollaleh ta kammala karatunta na makaranta kuma ta wuce Abitur a can a shekarar 2004. Daga nan ta karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]] da tarihi da al'adun Gabas ta Tsakiya a [[Magdeburg]], Frankfurt an der Oder, da [[Berlin]] . <ref> name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> <ref> name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2009 zuwa 2013, Ahmadi ta kasance mai magana da yawun wata ƙungiyar ɗalibai 'yan Jamus da Iran da ke fafutukar kare dimokuraɗiyya da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Iran. A wani ɓangare na wani kamfen na ilimi a Berlin, ta jagoranci tarurrukan bita kan ilimin dimokuraɗiyya, yaƙi da wariya, yaƙi da mata da kuma yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> Tsakanin 2017 da 2019, Ahmadi ta yi aiki a ofisoshin majalisar dokoki na Bundestag da Abgeordnetenhaus na Berlin a matsayin mataimakiyar bincike. Ta kuma kasance mai fassara a sashen shari'a a Majalisar Dattawan Berlin . A shekarar 2019, ta zama manaja ga wani memba na Abgeordnetenhaus. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> == Siyasa == Ahmadi ta shiga jam'iyyar Greens a shekarar 2013 kuma ta shiga harkokin siyasa a Berlin. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> A zaben jihar Berlin na 2016, ta tsaya takara a mazabar Spandau 2 amma ba a zabe ta ba. A zaben kananan hukumomi da aka gudanar a ranar, an zabe ta a majalisar gundumar Spandau, inda ta zama shugabar kungiyar 'yan majalisar Greens. <ref name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> A lokacin da take siyasa, Ahmadi ta fuskanci ƙiyayya da cin zarafi, gami da barazanar tashin hankali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi: "Hate affects many local politicians" |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/politik-gesellschaft/gollaleh-ahmadi-der-hass-trifft-viele-politikerinnen-auf-der-kommunalen-ebene-li.165636 |website=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2021 |title=Strength! We speak with ... Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://hateaid.org/gollaleh-ahmadi-interview/ |website=Hateaid.org |language=de}}</ref> Ahmadi kuma wakiliya ce a Majalisar Mata ta Tarayyar Green tun daga shekarar 2019, kuma memba ce a cikin ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta ilimi ta jiha a tsakanin 2017 zuwa 2018, kuma mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta jiha "Mata* da Jinsi" a shekarar 2019. An zabi Ahmadi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Greens a mazabar Spandau 3 a zaben jihar Berlin na 2021, da kuma matsayi na tara a jerin jam'iyyun jihar. Ta zo ta uku da kashi 13.5% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, kuma an zaɓe ta a Abgeordnetenhaus a jerin 'yan takarar jihar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2021 |title=Spandau 3 |url=https://www.wahlen-berlin.de/wahlen/Be2021/AFSPRAES/ergebnisse_wahlkreis_0503.html |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Elections Berlin |language=de}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta zama mai magana da yawun Greens kan harkokin tsaro da kafofin watsa labarai. <ref name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ "Gollaleh Ahmadi"]. ''Gollaleh-ahmadi.de'' (in German). 4 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Harkokin Cikin Gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi is the new chair of the Interior Committee |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article234396871/Gollaleh-Ahmadi-ist-neue-Vorsitzende-des-Innenausschusses.html |website=[[Berliner Morgenpost]] |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 4zikvibybwz0fljoy5fd9iae8rtuexh 888110 888109 2026-07-27T15:25:29Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Siyasa */ 888110 wikitext text/x-wiki Gollaleh Ahmadi (an haife shi a shekara ta 1982) ɗan siyasan Jamus ne na ƙungiyar Alliance 90/The Greens wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na Abgeordnetenhaus na Berlin tun daga shekara ta 2021. == Rayuwa, ilimi da aiki == An haifi Ahmadi a [[Tehran]] a shekarar 1982. Mahaifiyarta 'yar jarida ce, mahaifinta kuma makaniken mota ne kuma jami'in ƙungiyar ƙwadago. Iyayenta sun fuskanci tsanantar siyasa saboda su membobin Jam'iyyar Tudeh ta Iran mai goyon bayan Tarayyar Soviet ne; a wasu lokutan ana tsare su ko kuma a yi musu zaman ɓoye. Iyalan sun gudu zuwa Jamus a shekarar 1996, inda suka zauna a matsugunin 'yan gudun hijira na tsawon shekaru uku da rabi kafin su zauna a Fürstenwalde . Gollaleh ta kammala karatunta na makaranta kuma ta wuce Abitur a can a shekarar 2004. Daga nan ta karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]] da tarihi da al'adun Gabas ta Tsakiya a [[Magdeburg]], Frankfurt an der Oder, da [[Berlin]] . <ref> name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> <ref> name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2009 zuwa 2013, Ahmadi ta kasance mai magana da yawun wata ƙungiyar ɗalibai 'yan Jamus da Iran da ke fafutukar kare dimokuraɗiyya da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Iran. A wani ɓangare na wani kamfen na ilimi a Berlin, ta jagoranci tarurrukan bita kan ilimin dimokuraɗiyya, yaƙi da wariya, yaƙi da mata da kuma yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> Tsakanin 2017 da 2019, Ahmadi ta yi aiki a ofisoshin majalisar dokoki na Bundestag da Abgeordnetenhaus na Berlin a matsayin mataimakiyar bincike. Ta kuma kasance mai fassara a sashen shari'a a Majalisar Dattawan Berlin . A shekarar 2019, ta zama manaja ga wani memba na Abgeordnetenhaus. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> == Siyasa == Ahmadi ta shiga jam'iyyar Greens a shekarar 2013 kuma ta shiga harkokin siyasa a Berlin. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> A zaben jihar Berlin na 2016, ta tsaya takara a mazabar Spandau 2 amma ba a zabe ta ba. A zaben kananan hukumomi da aka gudanar a ranar, an zabe ta a majalisar gundumar Spandau, inda ta zama shugabar kungiyar 'yan majalisar Greens. <ref name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> A lokacin da take siyasa, Ahmadi ta fuskanci ƙiyayya da cin zarafi, gami da barazanar tashin hankali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi: "Hate affects many local politicians" |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/politik-gesellschaft/gollaleh-ahmadi-der-hass-trifft-viele-politikerinnen-auf-der-kommunalen-ebene-li.165636 |website=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2021 |title=Strength! We speak with ... Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://hateaid.org/gollaleh-ahmadi-interview/ |website=Hateaid.org |language=de}}</ref> Ahmadi kuma wakiliya ce a Majalisar Mata ta Tarayyar Green tun daga shekarar 2019, kuma memba ce a cikin ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta ilimi ta jiha a tsakanin 2017 zuwa 2018, kuma mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta jiha "Mata* da Jinsi" a shekarar 2019. An zabi Ahmadi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Greens a mazabar Spandau 3 a zaben jihar Berlin na 2021, da kuma matsayi na tara a jerin jam'iyyun jihar. Ta zo ta uku da kashi 13.5% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, kuma an zaɓe ta a Abgeordnetenhaus a jerin 'yan takarar jihar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2021 |title=Spandau 3 |url=https://www.wahlen-berlin.de/wahlen/Be2021/AFSPRAES/ergebnisse_wahlkreis_0503.html |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Elections Berlin |language=de}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta zama mai magana da yawun Greens kan harkokin tsaro da kafofin watsa labarai. <ref> name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ "Gollaleh Ahmadi"]. ''Gollaleh-ahmadi.de'' (in German). 4 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Harkokin Cikin Gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi is the new chair of the Interior Committee |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article234396871/Gollaleh-Ahmadi-ist-neue-Vorsitzende-des-Innenausschusses.html |website=[[Berliner Morgenpost]] |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 4umwgydqsinxniz1jyiqoulagcf2k9q 888111 888110 2026-07-27T15:27:03Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 888111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Gollaleh Ahmadi (an haife shi a shekara ta 1982) ɗan siyasan Jamus ne na ƙungiyar Alliance 90/The Greens wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na Abgeordnetenhaus na Berlin tun daga shekara ta 2021. == Rayuwa, ilimi da aiki == An haifi Ahmadi a [[Tehran]] a shekarar 1982. Mahaifiyarta 'yar jarida ce, mahaifinta kuma makaniken mota ne kuma jami'in ƙungiyar ƙwadago. Iyayenta sun fuskanci tsanantar siyasa saboda su membobin Jam'iyyar Tudeh ta Iran mai goyon bayan Tarayyar Soviet ne; a wasu lokutan ana tsare su ko kuma a yi musu zaman ɓoye. Iyalan sun gudu zuwa Jamus a shekarar 1996, inda suka zauna a matsugunin 'yan gudun hijira na tsawon shekaru uku da rabi kafin su zauna a Fürstenwalde . Gollaleh ta kammala karatunta na makaranta kuma ta wuce Abitur a can a shekarar 2004. Daga nan ta karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]] da tarihi da al'adun Gabas ta Tsakiya a [[Magdeburg]], Frankfurt an der Oder, da [[Berlin]] . <ref> name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> <ref> name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2009 zuwa 2013, Ahmadi ta kasance mai magana da yawun wata ƙungiyar ɗalibai 'yan Jamus da Iran da ke fafutukar kare dimokuraɗiyya da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Iran. A wani ɓangare na wani kamfen na ilimi a Berlin, ta jagoranci tarurrukan bita kan ilimin dimokuraɗiyya, yaƙi da wariya, yaƙi da mata da kuma yaƙi da wariyar launin fata. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> Tsakanin 2017 da 2019, Ahmadi ta yi aiki a ofisoshin majalisar dokoki na Bundestag da Abgeordnetenhaus na Berlin a matsayin mataimakiyar bincike. Ta kuma kasance mai fassara a sashen shari'a a Majalisar Dattawan Berlin . A shekarar 2019, ta zama manaja ga wani memba na Abgeordnetenhaus. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> == Siyasa == Ahmadi ta shiga jam'iyyar Greens a shekarar 2013 kuma ta shiga harkokin siyasa a Berlin. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About me |url=http://www.gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> A zaben jihar Berlin na 2016, ta tsaya takara a mazabar Spandau 2 amma ba a zabe ta ba. A zaben kananan hukumomi da aka gudanar a ranar, an zabe ta a majalisar gundumar Spandau, inda ta zama shugabar kungiyar 'yan majalisar Greens. <ref name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}</ref> A lokacin da take siyasa, Ahmadi ta fuskanci ƙiyayya da cin zarafi, gami da barazanar tashin hankali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi: "Hate affects many local politicians" |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/politik-gesellschaft/gollaleh-ahmadi-der-hass-trifft-viele-politikerinnen-auf-der-kommunalen-ebene-li.165636 |website=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2021 |title=Strength! We speak with ... Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://hateaid.org/gollaleh-ahmadi-interview/ |website=Hateaid.org |language=de}}</ref> Ahmadi kuma wakiliya ce a Majalisar Mata ta Tarayyar Green tun daga shekarar 2019, kuma memba ce a cikin ƙungiyar gudanarwa ta ilimi ta jiha a tsakanin 2017 zuwa 2018, kuma mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta jiha "Mata* da Jinsi" a shekarar 2019. An zabi Ahmadi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Greens a mazabar Spandau 3 a zaben jihar Berlin na 2021, da kuma matsayi na tara a jerin jam'iyyun jihar. Ta zo ta uku da kashi 13.5% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, kuma an zaɓe ta a Abgeordnetenhaus a jerin 'yan takarar jihar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2021 |title=Spandau 3 |url=https://www.wahlen-berlin.de/wahlen/Be2021/AFSPRAES/ergebnisse_wahlkreis_0503.html |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Elections Berlin |language=de}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta zama mai magana da yawun Greens kan harkokin tsaro da kafofin watsa labarai. <ref> name="Frak">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2021 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi |url=https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |website=Gollaleh-ahmadi.de |language=de}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://gruene-fraktion.berlin/kontakt/gollaleh-ahmadi/ "Gollaleh Ahmadi"]. ''Gollaleh-ahmadi.de'' (in German). 4 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Harkokin Cikin Gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Gollaleh Ahmadi is the new chair of the Interior Committee |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article234396871/Gollaleh-Ahmadi-ist-neue-Vorsitzende-des-Innenausschusses.html |website=[[Berliner Morgenpost]] |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 142ddci9qofs1t54xyy1ul08tiuaisv 0 162368 888196 2026-07-27T16:31:29Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293992243|Language Learning Centre]]" 888196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cibiyar Koyon Harshe''' (a Māori: Te Pūtahi Reo) cibiyar koyon harshe ce da ake iya samun damar shiga kai tsaye wadda ke ba da albarkatu da kayan aiki ga waɗannan harsunan koyo a Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage |url=https://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Language Learning Centre}}</ref> == Kayan aiki == Da zarar ta mamaye dukkan ginin von Zedlitz, Cibiyar ta ƙunshi dakunan gwaje-gwaje na harsuna, ɗakunan karatu na rukuni masu jigo, ɗakin kwamfuta da kuma ɗakin karatu na kai wanda ya haɗa da masu karatu masu maki, fina-finai, darussan nazarin kai, littattafan karatu da wasannin allo don dukkan harsuna goma da ake koyarwa a Victoria (Turanci, Māori, Harshen Kurame na New Zealand, Faransanci, Sinanci, Jamusanci, Italiyanci, Jafananci, Samoa da Sifaniyanci) da kuma wasu da dama. Ganin rashin albarkatun koyon harshe ga harsunan Pacific da yawa, ya yi aiki tare da masu magana da harshen asali na gida don ƙaddamar da dandamali na kan layi don harsuna kamar Māori, Samoan da Cook Islands Māori. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Samoan songs and stories made available online |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/programmes/datelinepacific/audio/201781357/old-samoan-songs-and-stories-made-available-online |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Radio New Zealand}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cook Islands digital free online resource |url=http://www.mpia.govt.nz/news-and-stories/cook-islands-digital-free-online-resource/ |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Ministry for Pacific Peoples}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rays of Sound from across the Pacific |url=https://gazette.education.govt.nz/articles/rays-of-sound-from-across-the-pacific/ |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Education Gazette Tukutuku Kо̄rero |publisher=New Zealand Ministry of Education}}</ref> An samar da kayan aikin dakunan gwaje-gwajen harsuna a cikin Cibiyar don koyar da Harshen Kurame na New Zealand ban da harsunan da ake magana da su. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Edith Paillat, Language Technology Specialist – Victoria University of Wellington |url=https://www.sansinc.com/success-stories/source/profilewellington.pdf |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Sans Software and Network Solutions}}</ref> == Shirin Abokiyar Harshe == Cibiyar ta gudanar da shirin koyon harsunan Tandem wanda ke ba ɗalibai damar yin aiki tare da mai magana da harshensu na asali don inganta ƙwarewar tattaunawa da kuma koyo game da al'adun takwarorinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Language buddies│Hoa reo |url=https://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/language-buddies |access-date=23 May 2018 |website=Language Learning Centre}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa dakin gwaje-gwajen harsuna na farko a 30 Kelburn Parade a shekarar 1967 ta hannun Ma'aikatar Faransa ta wancan lokacin. A shekarar 1974 an gabatar da wani sashe na dakin gwaje-gwaje na harshe a cikin shirin Faransanci a hukumance domin a fallasa ɗalibai ga ingantattun kayan aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrowman |first=Rachel |title=Victoria University of Wellington 1899-1999 - A history |url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-BarVict-c11.html |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=New Zealand Electronic Text Collection}}</ref> A shekarar 1989, Cibiyar Harshen Turanci ta jami'ar ta fara ba da muhimmanci ga koyon harshe mai zaman kansa ta hanyar abin da a lokacin ake kira Cibiyar Samun Kai, wani muhimmin cibiya ga Shirin Ƙwarewar Turanci (EPP). Daga baya aka san wannan da Cibiyar Koyon Harshe (LLC) kuma ta faɗaɗa don ɗaukar nauyin ɗaliban wasu harsunan da ake koyarwa a Victoria da kuma harsunan da ba a koyar da su ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cotterall |first=Sara |last2=Reinders |first2=Hayo |date=2001 |title=Fortress or Bridge? Learners’ Perceptions and Practice in Self Access Language Learning |url=http://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10652/2418/article%20-%202001%20-%20tesolanz%20%28independent%20learning%29.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |journal=Tesolanz |issue=8 |pages=23–38 |access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref> == Manazarta == i7sx5rop4i14jx66dj0yalxfavt9kgk 888200 888196 2026-07-27T16:33:41Z Arcdanumma047 38699 888200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Koyon Harshe''' (a Māori: Te Pūtahi Reo) cibiyar koyon harshe ce da ake iya samun damar shiga kai tsaye wadda ke ba da albarkatu da kayan aiki ga waɗannan harsunan koyo a Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage |url=https://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Language Learning Centre}}</ref> == Kayan aiki == Da zarar ta mamaye dukkan ginin von Zedlitz, Cibiyar ta ƙunshi dakunan gwaje-gwaje na harsuna, ɗakunan karatu na rukuni masu jigo, ɗakin kwamfuta da kuma ɗakin karatu na kai wanda ya haɗa da masu karatu masu maki, fina-finai, darussan nazarin kai, littattafan karatu da wasannin allo don dukkan harsuna goma da ake koyarwa a Victoria (Turanci, Māori, Harshen Kurame na New Zealand, Faransanci, Sinanci, Jamusanci, Italiyanci, Jafananci, Samoa da Sifaniyanci) da kuma wasu da dama. Ganin rashin albarkatun koyon harshe ga harsunan Pacific da yawa, ya yi aiki tare da masu magana da harshen asali na gida don ƙaddamar da dandamali na kan layi don harsuna kamar Māori, Samoan da Cook Islands Māori. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Samoan songs and stories made available online |url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/programmes/datelinepacific/audio/201781357/old-samoan-songs-and-stories-made-available-online |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Radio New Zealand}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cook Islands digital free online resource |url=http://www.mpia.govt.nz/news-and-stories/cook-islands-digital-free-online-resource/ |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Ministry for Pacific Peoples}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rays of Sound from across the Pacific |url=https://gazette.education.govt.nz/articles/rays-of-sound-from-across-the-pacific/ |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Education Gazette Tukutuku Kо̄rero |publisher=New Zealand Ministry of Education}}</ref> An samar da kayan aikin dakunan gwaje-gwajen harsuna a cikin Cibiyar don koyar da Harshen Kurame na New Zealand ban da harsunan da ake magana da su. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Edith Paillat, Language Technology Specialist – Victoria University of Wellington |url=https://www.sansinc.com/success-stories/source/profilewellington.pdf |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=Sans Software and Network Solutions}}</ref> == Shirin Abokiyar Harshe == Cibiyar ta gudanar da shirin koyon harsunan Tandem wanda ke ba ɗalibai damar yin aiki tare da mai magana da harshensu na asali don inganta ƙwarewar tattaunawa da kuma koyo game da al'adun takwarorinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Language buddies│Hoa reo |url=https://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/language-buddies |access-date=23 May 2018 |website=Language Learning Centre}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa dakin gwaje-gwajen harsuna na farko a 30 Kelburn Parade a shekarar 1967 ta hannun Ma'aikatar Faransa ta wancan lokacin. A shekarar 1974 an gabatar da wani sashe na dakin gwaje-gwaje na harshe a cikin shirin Faransanci a hukumance domin a fallasa ɗalibai ga ingantattun kayan aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrowman |first=Rachel |title=Victoria University of Wellington 1899-1999 - A history |url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-BarVict-c11.html |access-date=25 May 2018 |website=New Zealand Electronic Text Collection}}</ref> A shekarar 1989, Cibiyar Harshen Turanci ta jami'ar ta fara ba da muhimmanci ga koyon harshe mai zaman kansa ta hanyar abin da a lokacin ake kira Cibiyar Samun Kai, wani muhimmin cibiya ga Shirin Ƙwarewar Turanci (EPP). Daga baya aka san wannan da Cibiyar Koyon Harshe (LLC) kuma ta faɗaɗa don ɗaukar nauyin ɗaliban wasu harsunan da ake koyarwa a Victoria da kuma harsunan da ba a koyar da su ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cotterall |first=Sara |last2=Reinders |first2=Hayo |date=2001 |title=Fortress or Bridge? Learners’ Perceptions and Practice in Self Access Language Learning |url=http://unitec.researchbank.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10652/2418/article%20-%202001%20-%20tesolanz%20%28independent%20learning%29.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |journal=Tesolanz |issue=8 |pages=23–38 |access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref> == Manazarta == 5nu329w0iqibpg7p1kqgn1g08z2iagu 0 162369 888203 2026-07-27T16:35:14Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352666873|Sekolah Tun Fatimah]]" 888203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sekolah Tun Fatimah''' ( English: ; an taƙaita '''STF''' ) babbar [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ce ta 'yan mata ( Sekolah Berasrama Penuh ) wacce ke Johor Bahru, Johor, [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] . Ana kiran ɗaliban makarantar da STFians. A shekarar 2010, an ba su kyautar Sekolah Berprestasi Tinggi ko Makarantar High Performance. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RM1mil among perks for high performance schools |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/1/26/nation/5543554&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128012213/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/1/26/nation/5543554&sec=nation |archive-date=28 January 2010 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=www.thestar.com.my}}</ref> Makarantar ta ƙware a ƙwallon raga, wasan hockey, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙwallon kwando, wasan robotics, rawa da muhawara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pemandu.gov.my/gtp/upload/78971400-f8d4-4956-a277-f77fde8bbd8c.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105212656/http://www.pemandu.gov.my/gtp/upload/78971400-f8d4-4956-a277-f77fde8bbd8c.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2013 |access-date=2010-03-31}}</ref> An san STF da samar da 'yan mata matasa masu juriya amma masu kwanciyar hankali a duk faɗin Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2011 |title=The Malay Male: Judging People Using Top Schools |url=https://amirhafizi.blogspot.com/2011/12/judging-people-using-top-schools.html}}</ref> Makarantar memba ce ta ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Dabaru ta Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya kuma ta ɗauki makarantar Jami'ar Multimedia . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabre |first=Sabrina |date=3 April 2022 |title=SMK Seri Permaisuri antara 13 Sekolah Angkat MMU |url=https://www.wilayahku.com.my/smk-seri-permaisuri-antara-13-sekolah-angkat-mmu/ |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=Wilayahku |publisher=Wilayahku.com.my}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Corporate Communication Department |date=31 March 2023 |title=MMU Adopts 25 Schools Nationwide for Its "Program Sekolah Angkat MMU 2023" |url=https://www.mmu.edu.my/2023/03/mmu-adopts-25-schools-nationwide-for-its-program-sekolah-angkat-mmu-2023/ |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=MMU.edu.my |publisher=Multimedia University}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ke kula da Sekolah Tun Fatimah. Ana zaɓen ɗalibai bisa ga kyakkyawan aikinsu na ilimi ta hanyar UPSR (Gwajin Ƙimar Makarantar Firamare) da PMR (Ƙimar Sakandare ta Ƙasa). An kafa Sekolah Tun Fatimah a Durian Daun, Malacca a shekarar 1956, kuma ana kiranta da ''Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Malay'' . <ref name="Morais and Pothen">{{Cite book|edition=P. Phillip}}</ref> Manufar ita ce a ilmantar da 'yan matan Malaysia daga yankunan karkara. Waɗanda ke da burin zama malamai an yi musu rajista kai tsaye a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai Mata ta Malacca Malay (MWTC) bayan jarrabawar LCE/SRP. An ƙaddamar da makarantar a hukumance ta hannun YB Encik Khir bin Johari, Ministan Ilimi na Malaya a shekarar 1958, kuma an ba ta suna "Makarantar Tun Fatimah, wacce aka sanya wa suna bayan wata shahararriyar Mace 'yar ƙasar Malaya Srikandi ta masarautar Malacca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/TunFatimahSrikandiMelayu/Article |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164500/https://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/TunFatimahSrikandiMelayu/Article |archive-date=16 September 2018 |access-date=23 December 2012}}</ref> Sekolah Tun Fatimah ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a watan Agustan 1962. A ranar 25 ga Satumba 1965, HRH Sultanah na Johor, Sultanah Ungku Tun Aminah Binti Ungku Ahmad ta buɗe STF a hukumance. <ref name="Morais and Pothen">{{Cite book|edition=P. Phillip}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMoraisPothen1965">Morais, J. Victor; Pothen, P. Phillip, eds. </cite></ref> == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == Ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai na STF ana kiranta da Persatuan Bekas Pelajar Sekolah Tun Fatimah (Srikandi) * Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah - matar [[Abdullah na Pahang|Abdullah of Pahang]], Sultan of Pahang, 'yar Iskandar Johor, 'yar'uwar [[Ibrahim Ismail na Johor]], Sultan of Johor <ref>{{Cite web |title=Putra Blog™: Kisah Mawar Merah Kesepuluh-DYTM Tengku Puan Pahang besabar atas ujian Allah. |url=https://syukury.blogspot.com/2011/10/kisah-mawar-merah-kesepuluh-dytm-tengku.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120141211/http://syukury.blogspot.com/2011/10/kisah-mawar-merah-kesepuluh-dytm-tengku.html |archive-date=2011-11-20 |website=syukury.blogspot.com}}</ref> * Rina Harun - Ministar Mata, Iyali da Ci gaban Al'umma (Malaysia), Shugabar reshen mata na jam'iyyar 'yan asalin ƙasar Malaysia * Mas Ermieyati Samsudin - Mataimakiyar Minista a Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista, Tsohuwar Shugabar Matasan Mata (Puteri) ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Malays (UMNO), Mataimakiyar Shugabar Sashen Mata na Jam'iyyar Malesiya ta United Indigenous Party * Tan Sri Datin Paduka Zaharah Ibrahim - Babban Alkalin Malaya na 11, Shugaban Prasarana Malaysia Berhad (2019 - 2020) == Manazarta == 4ujqc8eqleg4dtq6y0cti296mn66y12 888206 888203 2026-07-27T16:35:54Z Arcdanumma047 38699 888206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sekolah Tun Fatimah''' ( English: ; an taƙaita '''STF''' ) babbar [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ce ta 'yan mata ( Sekolah Berasrama Penuh ) wacce ke Johor Bahru, Johor, [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] . Ana kiran ɗaliban makarantar da STFians. A shekarar 2010, an ba su kyautar Sekolah Berprestasi Tinggi ko Makarantar High Performance. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RM1mil among perks for high performance schools |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/1/26/nation/5543554&sec=nation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128012213/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/1/26/nation/5543554&sec=nation |archive-date=28 January 2010 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=www.thestar.com.my}}</ref> Makarantar ta ƙware a ƙwallon raga, wasan hockey, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙwallon kwando, wasan robotics, rawa da muhawara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pemandu.gov.my/gtp/upload/78971400-f8d4-4956-a277-f77fde8bbd8c.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105212656/http://www.pemandu.gov.my/gtp/upload/78971400-f8d4-4956-a277-f77fde8bbd8c.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2013 |access-date=2010-03-31}}</ref> An san STF da samar da 'yan mata matasa masu juriya amma masu kwanciyar hankali a duk faɗin Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2011 |title=The Malay Male: Judging People Using Top Schools |url=https://amirhafizi.blogspot.com/2011/12/judging-people-using-top-schools.html}}</ref> Makarantar memba ce ta ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Dabaru ta Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya kuma ta ɗauki makarantar Jami'ar Multimedia . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabre |first=Sabrina |date=3 April 2022 |title=SMK Seri Permaisuri antara 13 Sekolah Angkat MMU |url=https://www.wilayahku.com.my/smk-seri-permaisuri-antara-13-sekolah-angkat-mmu/ |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=Wilayahku |publisher=Wilayahku.com.my}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Corporate Communication Department |date=31 March 2023 |title=MMU Adopts 25 Schools Nationwide for Its "Program Sekolah Angkat MMU 2023" |url=https://www.mmu.edu.my/2023/03/mmu-adopts-25-schools-nationwide-for-its-program-sekolah-angkat-mmu-2023/ |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=MMU.edu.my |publisher=Multimedia University}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ke kula da Sekolah Tun Fatimah. Ana zaɓen ɗalibai bisa ga kyakkyawan aikinsu na ilimi ta hanyar UPSR (Gwajin Ƙimar Makarantar Firamare) da PMR (Ƙimar Sakandare ta Ƙasa). An kafa Sekolah Tun Fatimah a Durian Daun, Malacca a shekarar 1956, kuma ana kiranta da ''Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Malay'' . <ref name="Morais and Pothen">{{Cite book|edition=P. Phillip}}</ref> Manufar ita ce a ilmantar da 'yan matan Malaysia daga yankunan karkara. Waɗanda ke da burin zama malamai an yi musu rajista kai tsaye a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai Mata ta Malacca Malay (MWTC) bayan jarrabawar LCE/SRP. An ƙaddamar da makarantar a hukumance ta hannun YB Encik Khir bin Johari, Ministan Ilimi na Malaya a shekarar 1958, kuma an ba ta suna "Makarantar Tun Fatimah, wacce aka sanya wa suna bayan wata shahararriyar Mace 'yar ƙasar Malaya Srikandi ta masarautar Malacca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/TunFatimahSrikandiMelayu/Article |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164500/https://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/TunFatimahSrikandiMelayu/Article |archive-date=16 September 2018 |access-date=23 December 2012}}</ref> Sekolah Tun Fatimah ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a watan Agustan 1962. A ranar 25 ga Satumba 1965, HRH Sultanah na Johor, Sultanah Ungku Tun Aminah Binti Ungku Ahmad ta buɗe STF a hukumance. <ref name="Morais and Pothen">{{Cite book|edition=P. Phillip}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMoraisPothen1965">Morais, J. Victor; Pothen, P. Phillip, eds. </cite></ref> == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == Ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai na STF ana kiranta da Persatuan Bekas Pelajar Sekolah Tun Fatimah (Srikandi) * Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah - matar [[Abdullah na Pahang|Abdullah of Pahang]], Sultan of Pahang, 'yar Iskandar Johor, 'yar'uwar [[Ibrahim Ismail na Johor]], Sultan of Johor <ref>{{Cite web |title=Putra Blog™: Kisah Mawar Merah Kesepuluh-DYTM Tengku Puan Pahang besabar atas ujian Allah. |url=https://syukury.blogspot.com/2011/10/kisah-mawar-merah-kesepuluh-dytm-tengku.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120141211/http://syukury.blogspot.com/2011/10/kisah-mawar-merah-kesepuluh-dytm-tengku.html |archive-date=2011-11-20 |website=syukury.blogspot.com}}</ref> * Rina Harun - Ministar Mata, Iyali da Ci gaban Al'umma (Malaysia), Shugabar reshen mata na jam'iyyar 'yan asalin ƙasar Malaysia * Mas Ermieyati Samsudin - Mataimakiyar Minista a Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista, Tsohuwar Shugabar Matasan Mata (Puteri) ta Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Malays (UMNO), Mataimakiyar Shugabar Sashen Mata na Jam'iyyar Malesiya ta United Indigenous Party * Tan Sri Datin Paduka Zaharah Ibrahim - Babban Alkalin Malaya na 11, Shugaban Prasarana Malaysia Berhad (2019 - 2020) == Manazarta == tc75dbjkjoq8d122liyl4752b9ismzl 0 162370 888210 2026-07-27T16:36:56Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359684102|Gary Lamont]]" 888210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pending films key}}'''Gary Lamont''' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne ɗan ƙasar Scotland, wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ya taka a matsayin mai gyaran gashi Robbie Fraser a cikin wasan opera ''na River City'', rawar da ya taka daga 2009 zuwa 2017, da kuma matsayin Charles Fairburn a cikin ''Rivals'' (2024 - yanzu). == Sana'a == Lamont ya girma a yankin Castlemilk na [[Glasgow]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Marion |date=29 January 2012 |title=Scots actor Gary Lamont tells of his heartbreak over the knife death of friend |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/scots-actor-gary-lamont-tells-1115177 |website=Daily Record}}</ref> Ya halarci RSAMD a [[Glasgow]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title='River City' actor Gary Lamont hopes plot inspires other gay men |url=http://article.wn.com/view/2012/06/14/River_City_actor_Gary_Lamont_hopes_plot_inspires_other_gay_m/}}</ref> Baya ga rawar da ya taka a ''River City'', ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na yakin Faransa ''Joyeux Noël'', wasan kwaikwayo na laifuka [[Edinburgh|na Edinburgh]] ''Rebus'' da kuma wasan barkwanci ''na Still Game'' a matsayin lauya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gary Lamont |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2389290/ |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> Bayan ya bar ''River City'', ya horar da zama mai sha'awar jana'iza a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe kuma ya sanya shi a matsayin jigon wasansa na 2019 a Edinburgh Fringe . Lamont ya fito a fim ɗin Netflix na 2022 ''Boiling Point'' tare da Stephen Graham, da kuma ci gaba da shirye-shiryen talabijin na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gary Lamont: Fancy A Stiff One? |url=https://edinburghfestival.list.co.uk/event/1272551-gary-lamont-fancy-a-stiff-one/ |access-date=20 June 2019 |website=[[The List (magazine)|The List]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full casting announced for Boiling Point, as filming begins on the brand new BBC drama series |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/2023/boiling-point-series-casting |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] am88z2y3nsjj3jk4oiw5n6ges816tyq 888212 888210 2026-07-27T16:37:29Z Arcdanumma047 38699 888212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Pending films key}}'''Gary Lamont''' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne ɗan ƙasar Scotland, wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ya taka a matsayin mai gyaran gashi Robbie Fraser a cikin wasan opera ''na River City'', rawar da ya taka daga 2009 zuwa 2017, da kuma matsayin Charles Fairburn a cikin ''Rivals'' (2024 - yanzu). == Sana'a == Lamont ya girma a yankin Castlemilk na [[Glasgow]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Marion |date=29 January 2012 |title=Scots actor Gary Lamont tells of his heartbreak over the knife death of friend |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/scots-actor-gary-lamont-tells-1115177 |website=Daily Record}}</ref> Ya halarci RSAMD a [[Glasgow]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title='River City' actor Gary Lamont hopes plot inspires other gay men |url=http://article.wn.com/view/2012/06/14/River_City_actor_Gary_Lamont_hopes_plot_inspires_other_gay_m/}}</ref> Baya ga rawar da ya taka a ''River City'', ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na yakin Faransa ''Joyeux Noël'', wasan kwaikwayo na laifuka [[Edinburgh|na Edinburgh]] ''Rebus'' da kuma wasan barkwanci ''na Still Game'' a matsayin lauya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gary Lamont |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2389290/ |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> Bayan ya bar ''River City'', ya horar da zama mai sha'awar jana'iza a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe kuma ya sanya shi a matsayin jigon wasansa na 2019 a Edinburgh Fringe . Lamont ya fito a fim ɗin Netflix na 2022 ''Boiling Point'' tare da Stephen Graham, da kuma ci gaba da shirye-shiryen talabijin na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gary Lamont: Fancy A Stiff One? |url=https://edinburghfestival.list.co.uk/event/1272551-gary-lamont-fancy-a-stiff-one/ |access-date=20 June 2019 |website=[[The List (magazine)|The List]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full casting announced for Boiling Point, as filming begins on the brand new BBC drama series |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/2023/boiling-point-series-casting |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] exdbipz4pnacej0us3fkpa3xgxzn0u3 888426 888212 2026-07-28T10:37:03Z Mahuta 11340 888426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gary Lamont''' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne ɗan ƙasar Scotland, wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ya taka a matsayin mai gyaran gashi Robbie Fraser a cikin wasan opera ''na River City'', rawar da ya taka daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2017, da kuma matsayin Charles Fairburn a cikin ''Rivals'' (2024 - yanzu). == Sana'a == Lamont ya girma a yankin Castlemilk na [[Glasgow]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Marion |date=29 January 2012 |title=Scots actor Gary Lamont tells of his heartbreak over the knife death of friend |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/scots-actor-gary-lamont-tells-1115177 |website=Daily Record}}</ref> Ya halarci RSAMD a [[Glasgow]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title='River City' actor Gary Lamont hopes plot inspires other gay men |url=http://article.wn.com/view/2012/06/14/River_City_actor_Gary_Lamont_hopes_plot_inspires_other_gay_m/}}</ref> Baya ga rawar da ya taka a ''River City'', ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na yakin Faransa ''Joyeux Noël'', wasan kwaikwayo na laifuka [[Edinburgh|na Edinburgh]] ''Rebus'' da kuma wasan barkwanci ''na Still Game'' a matsayin lauya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gary Lamont |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2389290/ |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> Bayan ya bar ''River City'', ya horar da zama mai sha'awar jana'iza a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe kuma ya sanya shi a matsayin jigon wasansa na 2019 a Edinburgh Fringe . Lamont ya fito a fim ɗin Netflix na 2022 ''Boiling Point'' tare da Stephen Graham, da kuma ci gaba da shirye-shiryen talabijin na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gary Lamont: Fancy A Stiff One? |url=https://edinburghfestival.list.co.uk/event/1272551-gary-lamont-fancy-a-stiff-one/ |access-date=20 June 2019 |website=[[The List (magazine)|The List]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full casting announced for Boiling Point, as filming begins on the brand new BBC drama series |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/2023/boiling-point-series-casting |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] o3revs4g4jhsvoemecslxh8sn9am6vl 0 162371 888215 2026-07-27T16:38:59Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337452643|Rural dimension]]" 888215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tsarin karkara''' wani shiri ne na zaɓi a cikin manhajar makarantun ƙwararru na Ingilishi waɗanda ke neman shiga ta hanyar shirin makarantun ƙwararru . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rural Dimension |url=https://slideplayer.com/slide/4606833/ |access-date=2022-01-07 |website=slideplayer.com}}</ref> Shirin ya ƙara ƙarin "girma" na manhajar da aka yi niyya don bai wa ɗaliban makarantun ƙwararru "fahimtar da fahimtar karkara a matsayin muhallin rayuwa da aiki". An gabatar da shi ga aikace-aikacen ƙwararru na farko a watan Oktoba 2003 da kuma sake tsara aikace-aikacen a 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update summer 2004 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150435/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> Tsarin karkara ya mayar da hankali kan makarantun [[Countryside|karkara]] amma kuma an gan shi yana da mahimmanci ga duk makarantu, gami da waɗanda ke cikin [[Yankin birni|birane]] . Saboda haka, an ba wa makarantun birane da na birni damar neman shiga shirin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evaluating the impact of the rural dimension |url=https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/7345/905400.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=2022-01-07}}</ref> An dakatar da shirin makarantun ƙwararru a 2011. Tun daga lokacin, makarantun da ke da [[Kwalejin (Makarantar Turanci)|matsayin ilimi]] na iya ba da kuɗin kansu a fannin karkara a matsayin ƙwarewa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Specialist Schools |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/reference/specialist-schools/ |access-date=2021-12-24 |website=Politics.co.uk |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Specialist schools programme: Michael Gove announces changes |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/specialist-schools-programme-michael-gove-announces-changes |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> Makarantun da ba na jami'a ba ba za su iya sake samar da manhajar girma ta karkara ba saboda suna da alaƙa da Manhajar Ƙasa . == Tarihi == A watan Afrilun 2003, an tattauna shirye-shiryen "mafi mahimmancin batutuwan karkara a duk manufofin DfES " a Majalisar Wakilai . Dan majalisar Labour Stephen Twigg ya bayyana cewa ana shirin samar da wani sabon shiri ta DfES da Defra, don haka ake bukatar "mafi mahimmancin batutuwan karkara" domin tabbatar da daidaito da adalci yayin aiwatar da shi. Twigg ta kafa "Rukunin Makarantun Karkara" wanda ya kunshi shugabannin makarantu don kula da wadannan tsare-tsare tare da DfES da Defra. Shirye-shiryen za su fadada kan Takardar Farin Karkara ta 2000, wanda ya zama wani bangare na shirin makarantun kwararru. An sanya mata suna shirin girman karkara kuma da farko an tsara shi ne don ya dace da [[Kwalejin Humanities|kwarewar dan adam]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Examination of Witnesses (Questions 220-239) Tuesday 8 April 2003 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmenvfru/467/3040805.htm |website=www.parliament.uk}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuni 2003, Twigg ta sanar da cewa daga Oktoba 2003 duk wata makaranta da ke neman matsayi na musamman za ta iya aiwatar da fannin karkara a cikin fannin da aka zaba. Darussan da aka bayar kuma aka fadada su ta hanyar girman sun hada da kimiyyar muhalli ta GCSE, ilimin kasa ta GCSE, kimiyyar karkara da noma ta GCSE, shakatawa da yawon shakatawa ta GNVQ da GCSE, da kuma filaye da muhalli na GNVQ. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Written Answers to Questions Friday 20 June 2003 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030620/text/30620w01.htm |website=www.parliament.uk}}</ref> Daga shekarar 2004, makarantun ƙwararru da suka sake tsara matsayinsu suma za su iya neman shiga ɓangaren karkara. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update summer 2004 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150435/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> A shekarar 2005, an sanar da shirye-shiryen ƙirƙirar sabuwar "hanyar sadarwa ta karkara" ta makarantun ƙwararru. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update spring 2005 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralupdatesp05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926155548/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralupdatesp05.pdf |archive-date=2006-09-26}}</ref> Wannan zai zama ƙungiyar jagoranci ta shugabannin hanyoyin sadarwa na karkara, inda za ta gudanar da taronta na farko a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update summer 2005 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralsum05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150723/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralsum05.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> Zuwa shekarar 2005, fannin karkara ya haɗa da ilimin [[noma]] da [[Noman Kayan Lambu (Horticulture)|noma]], kula da dabbobi BTECs da GCSEs, da kuma kula da filaye . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update autumn 2005 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralautumn2005.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150922/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralautumn2005.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> An ƙara fannoni a fannin sana'o'in karkara, ilimin waje da kuma nazarin ƙasa a shekarar 2006, kuma a wannan shekarar an cimma burin makarantun ƙwararru 22 don fannin karkara. An kafa alaƙar ƙasashen duniya da makarantu, musamman da makarantu a Ostiraliya. Makarantun ƙwararru 50 suna tunanin shiga ɓangaren karkara nan da 6 ga Maris 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimensions update summer 2006 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/uploads/documents/Rural_Summer2006_123190.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103151137/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/uploads/documents/Rural_Summer2006_123190.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update autumn 2006 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/uploads/documents/Rural_Update_A06_124055.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926155509/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/uploads/documents/Rural_Update_A06_124055.pdf |archive-date=2006-09-26}}</ref> An karya wannan muhimmin ci gaba a ranar 31 ga Maris 2010, inda makarantu na ƙwararru 53 suka shiga ɓangaren karkara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SSAT Annual report 2009/2010 |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED525594.pdf |access-date=2022-01-07}}</ref> Gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa ta Cameron-Clegg ta dakatar da shirin makarantun ƙwararru a shekarar 2011. Idan makaranta a halin yanzu tana son samar da manhajar nazarin ɓangaren karkara, dole ne ta zama cibiyar ilimi kuma ta ware kuɗi ga ɓangaren a matsayin ƙwarewa. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> Makarantun da ba su da matsayin ilimi suna da alaƙa da Manhajar Ƙasa don haka ba za su iya amfani da ɓangaren karkara ba. == Manhaja ta Manhaja == Manhajar nazarin yanayin karkara an yi ta ne don faɗaɗa "fahimtar ɗalibai da fahimtarsu game da karkara a matsayin muhallin aiki mai rai". Wannan faɗaɗa wayar da kan jama'a da fahimta ta ta'allaka ne akan manyan batutuwa guda huɗu: <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update summer 2004 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150435/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> * Gudanar da ƙasa (batutuwan noma) * Kula da muhalli (masu kula da muhalli) * Kasuwancin karkara da abubuwan more rayuwa (yawon shakatawa, noma da ayyukan nishaɗi) * Gado na halitta da na al'adu (dangantaka tsakanin mutane da muhalli) An gabatar ko faɗaɗa waɗannan darussa a matsayin wani ɓangare na manhajar karatu. {| class="wikitable" !Shekarar da aka gabatar ko aka faɗaɗa ! Maudu'i ! Cancantar Cancantar |- | 2003 | Noma | BTEC |- | 2003 | Yanayin ƙasa | GCSE |- | 2003 | Kimiyyar muhalli | GCSE |- | 2003 | Kimiyyar karkara da noma | GCSE |- | 2003 | Nishaɗi da yawon buɗe ido | GCSE da GNVQ |- | 2003 | Ƙasa da muhalli | GNVQ |- | 2005 | aikin gona | GCSE |- | 2005 | Noma | GCSE |- | 2005 | Kula da dabbobi | GCSE da BTEC |- | 2005 | Gudanar da ƙasa | GCSE |- | 2006 | Sana'o'in karkara | GCSE |- | 2006 | Ilimi na waje | GCSE |- | 2006 | Nazarin ƙasa | BTEC |- | 2011 | Hawa | GCSE |} Makarantun da ke amfani da manhajar nazarin karkara galibi suna da gona a wurinsu. Ana kuma shirya tarurrukan bita na yanki da na gida akai-akai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update summer 2004 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150435/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> == Manazarta == oe56chlc6c7ar5oc5yuatdmyeevh4d4 888218 888215 2026-07-27T16:39:41Z Arcdanumma047 38699 888218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsarin karkara''' wani shiri ne na zaɓi a cikin manhajar makarantun ƙwararru na Ingilishi waɗanda ke neman shiga ta hanyar shirin makarantun ƙwararru . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rural Dimension |url=https://slideplayer.com/slide/4606833/ |access-date=2022-01-07 |website=slideplayer.com}}</ref> Shirin ya ƙara ƙarin "girma" na manhajar da aka yi niyya don bai wa ɗaliban makarantun ƙwararru "fahimtar da fahimtar karkara a matsayin muhallin rayuwa da aiki". An gabatar da shi ga aikace-aikacen ƙwararru na farko a watan Oktoba 2003 da kuma sake tsara aikace-aikacen a 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update summer 2004 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150435/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> Tsarin karkara ya mayar da hankali kan makarantun [[Countryside|karkara]] amma kuma an gan shi yana da mahimmanci ga duk makarantu, gami da waɗanda ke cikin [[Yankin birni|birane]] . Saboda haka, an ba wa makarantun birane da na birni damar neman shiga shirin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evaluating the impact of the rural dimension |url=https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/7345/905400.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=2022-01-07}}</ref> An dakatar da shirin makarantun ƙwararru a 2011. Tun daga lokacin, makarantun da ke da [[Kwalejin (Makarantar Turanci)|matsayin ilimi]] na iya ba da kuɗin kansu a fannin karkara a matsayin ƙwarewa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Specialist Schools |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/reference/specialist-schools/ |access-date=2021-12-24 |website=Politics.co.uk |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Specialist schools programme: Michael Gove announces changes |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/specialist-schools-programme-michael-gove-announces-changes |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> Makarantun da ba na jami'a ba ba za su iya sake samar da manhajar girma ta karkara ba saboda suna da alaƙa da Manhajar Ƙasa . == Tarihi == A watan Afrilun 2003, an tattauna shirye-shiryen "mafi mahimmancin batutuwan karkara a duk manufofin DfES " a Majalisar Wakilai . Dan majalisar Labour Stephen Twigg ya bayyana cewa ana shirin samar da wani sabon shiri ta DfES da Defra, don haka ake bukatar "mafi mahimmancin batutuwan karkara" domin tabbatar da daidaito da adalci yayin aiwatar da shi. Twigg ta kafa "Rukunin Makarantun Karkara" wanda ya kunshi shugabannin makarantu don kula da wadannan tsare-tsare tare da DfES da Defra. Shirye-shiryen za su fadada kan Takardar Farin Karkara ta 2000, wanda ya zama wani bangare na shirin makarantun kwararru. An sanya mata suna shirin girman karkara kuma da farko an tsara shi ne don ya dace da [[Kwalejin Humanities|kwarewar dan adam]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Examination of Witnesses (Questions 220-239) Tuesday 8 April 2003 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmenvfru/467/3040805.htm |website=www.parliament.uk}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuni 2003, Twigg ta sanar da cewa daga Oktoba 2003 duk wata makaranta da ke neman matsayi na musamman za ta iya aiwatar da fannin karkara a cikin fannin da aka zaba. Darussan da aka bayar kuma aka fadada su ta hanyar girman sun hada da kimiyyar muhalli ta GCSE, ilimin kasa ta GCSE, kimiyyar karkara da noma ta GCSE, shakatawa da yawon shakatawa ta GNVQ da GCSE, da kuma filaye da muhalli na GNVQ. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Written Answers to Questions Friday 20 June 2003 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030620/text/30620w01.htm |website=www.parliament.uk}}</ref> Daga shekarar 2004, makarantun ƙwararru da suka sake tsara matsayinsu suma za su iya neman shiga ɓangaren karkara. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update summer 2004 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150435/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> A shekarar 2005, an sanar da shirye-shiryen ƙirƙirar sabuwar "hanyar sadarwa ta karkara" ta makarantun ƙwararru. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update spring 2005 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralupdatesp05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926155548/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralupdatesp05.pdf |archive-date=2006-09-26}}</ref> Wannan zai zama ƙungiyar jagoranci ta shugabannin hanyoyin sadarwa na karkara, inda za ta gudanar da taronta na farko a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update summer 2005 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralsum05.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150723/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralsum05.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> Zuwa shekarar 2005, fannin karkara ya haɗa da ilimin [[noma]] da [[Noman Kayan Lambu (Horticulture)|noma]], kula da dabbobi BTECs da GCSEs, da kuma kula da filaye . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update autumn 2005 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralautumn2005.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150922/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruralautumn2005.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> An ƙara fannoni a fannin sana'o'in karkara, ilimin waje da kuma nazarin ƙasa a shekarar 2006, kuma a wannan shekarar an cimma burin makarantun ƙwararru 22 don fannin karkara. An kafa alaƙar ƙasashen duniya da makarantu, musamman da makarantu a Ostiraliya. Makarantun ƙwararru 50 suna tunanin shiga ɓangaren karkara nan da 6 ga Maris 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimensions update summer 2006 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/uploads/documents/Rural_Summer2006_123190.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103151137/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/uploads/documents/Rural_Summer2006_123190.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update autumn 2006 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/uploads/documents/Rural_Update_A06_124055.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926155509/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/uploads/documents/Rural_Update_A06_124055.pdf |archive-date=2006-09-26}}</ref> An karya wannan muhimmin ci gaba a ranar 31 ga Maris 2010, inda makarantu na ƙwararru 53 suka shiga ɓangaren karkara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SSAT Annual report 2009/2010 |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED525594.pdf |access-date=2022-01-07}}</ref> Gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa ta Cameron-Clegg ta dakatar da shirin makarantun ƙwararru a shekarar 2011. Idan makaranta a halin yanzu tana son samar da manhajar nazarin ɓangaren karkara, dole ne ta zama cibiyar ilimi kuma ta ware kuɗi ga ɓangaren a matsayin ƙwarewa. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> Makarantun da ba su da matsayin ilimi suna da alaƙa da Manhajar Ƙasa don haka ba za su iya amfani da ɓangaren karkara ba. == Manhaja ta Manhaja == Manhajar nazarin yanayin karkara an yi ta ne don faɗaɗa "fahimtar ɗalibai da fahimtarsu game da karkara a matsayin muhallin aiki mai rai". Wannan faɗaɗa wayar da kan jama'a da fahimta ta ta'allaka ne akan manyan batutuwa guda huɗu: <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update summer 2004 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150435/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> * Gudanar da ƙasa (batutuwan noma) * Kula da muhalli (masu kula da muhalli) * Kasuwancin karkara da abubuwan more rayuwa (yawon shakatawa, noma da ayyukan nishaɗi) * Gado na halitta da na al'adu (dangantaka tsakanin mutane da muhalli) An gabatar ko faɗaɗa waɗannan darussa a matsayin wani ɓangare na manhajar karatu. {| class="wikitable" !Shekarar da aka gabatar ko aka faɗaɗa ! Maudu'i ! Cancantar Cancantar |- | 2003 | Noma | BTEC |- | 2003 | Yanayin ƙasa | GCSE |- | 2003 | Kimiyyar muhalli | GCSE |- | 2003 | Kimiyyar karkara da noma | GCSE |- | 2003 | Nishaɗi da yawon buɗe ido | GCSE da GNVQ |- | 2003 | Ƙasa da muhalli | GNVQ |- | 2005 | aikin gona | GCSE |- | 2005 | Noma | GCSE |- | 2005 | Kula da dabbobi | GCSE da BTEC |- | 2005 | Gudanar da ƙasa | GCSE |- | 2006 | Sana'o'in karkara | GCSE |- | 2006 | Ilimi na waje | GCSE |- | 2006 | Nazarin ƙasa | BTEC |- | 2011 | Hawa | GCSE |} Makarantun da ke amfani da manhajar nazarin karkara galibi suna da gona a wurinsu. Ana kuma shirya tarurrukan bita na yanki da na gida akai-akai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rural Dimension update summer 2004 |url=http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103150435/http://www.schoolsnetwork.org.uk/content/articles/2759/ruraldimensionupdatesummer2004.pdf |archive-date=2006-11-03}}</ref> == Manazarta == 32oy7oqgo04msrgicbiwapzt1l2pxw7 0 162372 888241 2026-07-27T17:50:41Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353294620|Mary Valentine Gutteridge]]" 888241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Valentine Gutteridge''' (14 ga Fabrairu, 1887 - 15 ga Yuni, 1962) ta kasance ƙwararriyar mai ilimi a ƙasar Ostiraliya kuma shugabar makarantar yara. Ana yaba mata a matsayin "wanda ya kafa tsarin makarantun renon yara a Ostiraliya". == Rayuwa == An haifi Gutteridge a shekarar 1887 a Tasmania a [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston.]] Ita ce ta farko cikin 'ya'ya biyar da Mary Kate (an haife ta Penney) da mijinta Matthew Wilkins Gutteridge suka haifa. Bayan an haifi 'yan'uwanta maza huɗu, iyalin sun ƙaura, domin mahaifinta ya sami damar yin aiki a Asibitin Homoeopathic na Melbourne. 'Yan'uwanta maza za su zama likitoci da injiniyoyi. Ta nuna baiwar harsuna kuma bayan ta kammala karatu a Melbourne ta je Birtaniya lokacin tana da shekaru goma sha takwas don yin karatun yara a Cibiyar Froebel . A shekarar 1911 ta dawo Melbourne inda ta jagoranci sashen ƙaramar [[Melbourne Girls Grammar|makarantar 'yan mata ta Grammar]] inda Edith Morris ta kasance shugabar makaranta. Bayan yaƙin ta yi shekaru biyu a birnin Paris inda ta ɗauki laccoci a Sorbonne da Louvre sannan ta kafa makarantar renon yara tare da taimakon Gidauniyar Rothschild. A watan Fabrairun 1922 ta dawo daga Faransa don zama darektan wata makarantar renon yara a Melbourne wadda ƙungiyar 'Yancin Kindergarten Union (FKU) ke gudanarwa a Victoria. Da ta isa sai ta ga cewa FKU da daraktar Kwalejin Horar da Yara, Jessie Glendinning, sun yi rashin jituwa kuma tana kan hutun rashin lafiya. Don haka maimakon ta ba da laccoci a kwalejin, sai ta zama darakta kuma dole ta kula da makarantun yara 25. <ref name="educ" /> Tsakanin 1928 da 1930 ta yi amfani da damar da wata ƙungiyar tunawa da Laura Spelman Rockefeller ta bayar wajen yin tafiye-tafiye a faɗin duniya don gano mafi kyawun hanyoyin koyar da yara ƙanana, musamman ma ra'ayoyin Amurka game da ci gaban yara. A shekarar 1930 ta gabatar da jerin laccoci biyar kan "Gudanar da Yara" wanda Majalisar Victorian ta shirya kan Tsabtace Hankali. A shekarar 1937 ta buga littafin ''Concentration in Young Children'' kuma a shekara mai zuwa an rubuta ta da wani littafi mai suna ''The Duration of Attention in Young Children'' . A shekarar 1941 ta shiga Makarantar Merrill Palmer da ke Detroit. A shekarar 1939 Jami'ar Columbia ta karɓe ta ''...'' ''Nazarin Nasarorin Motsa Jiki na Yara Kanana.'' == Mutuwa da gado == A shekarar 1950, an fara laccocin Mary Gutteridge, wanda ƙungiyar ɗaliban Kwalejin Horar da Yara ta shirya. An yaba wa Gutteridge a matsayin "wanda ya kafa tsarin makarantun renon yara a Ostiraliya". Ta yi ritaya zuwa Brisbane a shekarar 1952, amma ta ci gaba da sha'awar wannan batu. <ref name="educ" /> Ta mutu a Wavell Heights a shekarar 1962. == Manazarta == os1537ordwoxh5w5xyrkhp1asuk7nr8 888242 888241 2026-07-27T17:51:07Z Arcdanumma047 38699 888242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mary Valentine Gutteridge''' (14 ga Fabrairu, 1887 - 15 ga Yuni, 1962) ta kasance ƙwararriyar mai ilimi a ƙasar Ostiraliya kuma shugabar makarantar yara. Ana yaba mata a matsayin "wanda ya kafa tsarin makarantun renon yara a Ostiraliya". == Rayuwa == An haifi Gutteridge a shekarar 1887 a Tasmania a [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston.]] Ita ce ta farko cikin 'ya'ya biyar da Mary Kate (an haife ta Penney) da mijinta Matthew Wilkins Gutteridge suka haifa. Bayan an haifi 'yan'uwanta maza huɗu, iyalin sun ƙaura, domin mahaifinta ya sami damar yin aiki a Asibitin Homoeopathic na Melbourne. 'Yan'uwanta maza za su zama likitoci da injiniyoyi. Ta nuna baiwar harsuna kuma bayan ta kammala karatu a Melbourne ta je Birtaniya lokacin tana da shekaru goma sha takwas don yin karatun yara a Cibiyar Froebel . A shekarar 1911 ta dawo Melbourne inda ta jagoranci sashen ƙaramar [[Melbourne Girls Grammar|makarantar 'yan mata ta Grammar]] inda Edith Morris ta kasance shugabar makaranta. Bayan yaƙin ta yi shekaru biyu a birnin Paris inda ta ɗauki laccoci a Sorbonne da Louvre sannan ta kafa makarantar renon yara tare da taimakon Gidauniyar Rothschild. A watan Fabrairun 1922 ta dawo daga Faransa don zama darektan wata makarantar renon yara a Melbourne wadda ƙungiyar 'Yancin Kindergarten Union (FKU) ke gudanarwa a Victoria. Da ta isa sai ta ga cewa FKU da daraktar Kwalejin Horar da Yara, Jessie Glendinning, sun yi rashin jituwa kuma tana kan hutun rashin lafiya. Don haka maimakon ta ba da laccoci a kwalejin, sai ta zama darakta kuma dole ta kula da makarantun yara 25. <ref name="educ" /> Tsakanin 1928 da 1930 ta yi amfani da damar da wata ƙungiyar tunawa da Laura Spelman Rockefeller ta bayar wajen yin tafiye-tafiye a faɗin duniya don gano mafi kyawun hanyoyin koyar da yara ƙanana, musamman ma ra'ayoyin Amurka game da ci gaban yara. A shekarar 1930 ta gabatar da jerin laccoci biyar kan "Gudanar da Yara" wanda Majalisar Victorian ta shirya kan Tsabtace Hankali. A shekarar 1937 ta buga littafin ''Concentration in Young Children'' kuma a shekara mai zuwa an rubuta ta da wani littafi mai suna ''The Duration of Attention in Young Children'' . A shekarar 1941 ta shiga Makarantar Merrill Palmer da ke Detroit. A shekarar 1939 Jami'ar Columbia ta karɓe ta ''...'' ''Nazarin Nasarorin Motsa Jiki na Yara Kanana.'' == Mutuwa da gado == A shekarar 1950, an fara laccocin Mary Gutteridge, wanda ƙungiyar ɗaliban Kwalejin Horar da Yara ta shirya. An yaba wa Gutteridge a matsayin "wanda ya kafa tsarin makarantun renon yara a Ostiraliya". Ta yi ritaya zuwa Brisbane a shekarar 1952, amma ta ci gaba da sha'awar wannan batu. <ref name="educ" /> Ta mutu a Wavell Heights a shekarar 1962. == Manazarta == jmuukeedikruf07jukvwiksgo3pglej 0 162373 888243 2026-07-27T17:52:01Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357069707|Kloyz]]" 888243 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''kloyz''' ( pl. '''kloyzn''' ; Yiddish ) ko kuma '''hesger''' ( pl. '''hesgerim''' ) gidan karatu da ibada [[Yahudanci|na Yahudawa]] na Ashkenazi, Ottoman, ko Italiya ne <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1912 |title=Certificate granting ownership of a seat in a kloyz |url=http://polishjews.yivoarchives.org/archive/?p=collections/controlcard&id=23416 |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=YIVO Digital Archive on Jews in Poland}}</ref> wanda ya shahara a ƙarni na 16 zuwa 19. Yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da bet midrash, kodayake biyun sun bambanta saboda ba kamar batei midrash da ake yawan amfani da shi a bainar jama'a ba, kloyzn masu zaman kansu ne kuma galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin manyan cibiyoyi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reiner |first=Elchanan |title=Kloyz |url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kloyz |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[YIVO]]}}</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Kalmar Yiddish ''kloyz'' ta samo asali ne daga kalmar [[Jamusanci]] ''die Klaus'' ( pl. ''die Klausen'' ), da kanta ta samo asali ne daga kalmar [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''claustrum'' ko ''clausum'' (wanda aka fassara a matsayin ''"wuri mai keɓewa"'' ), wanda ke bayyana gini ko hadaddun gine-gine da suka shafi gidan sufi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kloyz |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100039997 |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=Oxford Reference}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kloyzn ya fara bayyana a ƙarni na 16 a cikin Tarayyar Poland-Lithuania, kusan lokaci guda da makamancinsu, hesgerim, a [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da kuma Yankin Italiya . Manufar kloyz ta samo asali ne daga ra'ayin Beth Midrash da kuma raguwar Yeshivot, a matsayin manufar wurin taro ga wasu zaɓaɓɓun malamai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reiner |first=Elchanan |title=Kloyz |url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kloyz |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[YIVO]]}}</ref> Kloyzn, waɗanda ƙungiyoyi kamar YIVO ke ɗaukarsu a matsayin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, sun kasance masu zaɓe wajen zaɓar membobinsu. Galibi masu taimakon jama'a ko iyalai masu arziki ne ke daukar nauyinsu, membobin ba wai kawai suna alfahari da ilimin halal ba ne, har ma da ilimin da suke da shi na sihiri (musamman kabbalah ). Al'ummomi sun amince da su a matsayin masu alhakin al'amuran adabin malaman addini a waje da tattaunawa ta yau da kullun. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reiner |first=Elchanan |title=Kloyz |url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kloyz |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[YIVO]]}}</ref> === Ragewa === Yayin da al'ummomin Yahudawa na birane a Turai suka mayar da kansu marasa addini a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19, kloyz ya rasa tagomashi a tsakanin waɗannan al'ummomin. Waɗannan canje-canjen sun haifar da rashin kuɗi, kuma, yayin da darajar majalisun Yahudawa ke raguwa a faɗin Turai, kloyzn ya ɓace a farkon shekarun 1800, kodayake a wasu lokuta, sun kasance har zuwa aƙalla farkon ƙarni na 20. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1912 |title=Certificate granting ownership of a seat in a kloyz |url=http://polishjews.yivoarchives.org/archive/?p=collections/controlcard&id=23416 |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=YIVO Digital Archive on Jews in Poland}}</ref> A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, an san majami'u masu alaƙa da ƙungiyar Musar da kloyzn, amma banda sunan, babu wata alaƙa da ainihin kloyzn. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reiner |first=Elchanan |title=Kloyz |url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kloyz |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[YIVO]]}}</ref> == Aiki da tsari == Kloyzn yana aiki a kowane lokaci na mako, ban da lokacin daga tsakiyar rana a ranar Juma'a zuwa safiyar Lahadi mai zuwa. A wani labari na Lesko kloyz, ana ba wa membobin damar yin barci na tsawon sa'o'i uku kacal a kowace rana, sai dai idan ba su yi barci na sama da sa'o'i 24 ba, a wannan yanayin an ba su damar yin barci na tsawon sa'o'i shida. Sauran lokacin da aka yi a kloyz an keɓe shi ne don nazarin adabi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reiner |first=Elchanan |title=Kloyz |url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kloyz |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[YIVO]]}}</ref> Kowanne kloyz ƙarami ne, kowanne yana da mambobi goma zuwa ashirin. Adadin ɗaliban ya fi yawa, kuma ya haɗa da samari waɗanda ke shirin yin hidima a matsayin malamai da malamai. Nazarin da ake yi a cikin kloyz sau da yawa yana da rikitarwa, kuma wani lokacin yana nuna rayuwar membobin kloyz. Ikon kloyzn ya kai kololuwa a tsakiyar ƙarni zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, a lokacin ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wata babbar hukuma a cikin al'ummomin Yahudawa. Wasu ko dukkan membobin kloyzn sun sanya hannu kan takardu da yawa na jama'a a wannan lokacin. Wani babban lamari ya faru a Brody lokacin da kloyz na yankin ya shiga cikin korar Yahudawan Hasidic . <ref name=":1" /> == Duba kuma == * Majami'ar Klausen == Manazarta == r4xxn42grj4kaxn0r01gefrck756xiq 888244 888243 2026-07-27T17:52:26Z Arcdanumma047 38699 888244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A '''kloyz''' ( pl. '''kloyzn''' ; Yiddish ) ko kuma '''hesger''' ( pl. '''hesgerim''' ) gidan karatu da ibada [[Yahudanci|na Yahudawa]] na Ashkenazi, Ottoman, ko Italiya ne <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1912 |title=Certificate granting ownership of a seat in a kloyz |url=http://polishjews.yivoarchives.org/archive/?p=collections/controlcard&id=23416 |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=YIVO Digital Archive on Jews in Poland}}</ref> wanda ya shahara a ƙarni na 16 zuwa 19. Yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da bet midrash, kodayake biyun sun bambanta saboda ba kamar batei midrash da ake yawan amfani da shi a bainar jama'a ba, kloyzn masu zaman kansu ne kuma galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin manyan cibiyoyi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reiner |first=Elchanan |title=Kloyz |url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kloyz |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[YIVO]]}}</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Kalmar Yiddish ''kloyz'' ta samo asali ne daga kalmar [[Jamusanci]] ''die Klaus'' ( pl. ''die Klausen'' ), da kanta ta samo asali ne daga kalmar [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''claustrum'' ko ''clausum'' (wanda aka fassara a matsayin ''"wuri mai keɓewa"'' ), wanda ke bayyana gini ko hadaddun gine-gine da suka shafi gidan sufi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kloyz |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100039997 |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=Oxford Reference}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kloyzn ya fara bayyana a ƙarni na 16 a cikin Tarayyar Poland-Lithuania, kusan lokaci guda da makamancinsu, hesgerim, a [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da kuma Yankin Italiya . Manufar kloyz ta samo asali ne daga ra'ayin Beth Midrash da kuma raguwar Yeshivot, a matsayin manufar wurin taro ga wasu zaɓaɓɓun malamai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reiner |first=Elchanan |title=Kloyz |url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kloyz |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[YIVO]]}}</ref> Kloyzn, waɗanda ƙungiyoyi kamar YIVO ke ɗaukarsu a matsayin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, sun kasance masu zaɓe wajen zaɓar membobinsu. Galibi masu taimakon jama'a ko iyalai masu arziki ne ke daukar nauyinsu, membobin ba wai kawai suna alfahari da ilimin halal ba ne, har ma da ilimin da suke da shi na sihiri (musamman kabbalah ). Al'ummomi sun amince da su a matsayin masu alhakin al'amuran adabin malaman addini a waje da tattaunawa ta yau da kullun. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reiner |first=Elchanan |title=Kloyz |url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kloyz |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[YIVO]]}}</ref> === Ragewa === Yayin da al'ummomin Yahudawa na birane a Turai suka mayar da kansu marasa addini a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19, kloyz ya rasa tagomashi a tsakanin waɗannan al'ummomin. Waɗannan canje-canjen sun haifar da rashin kuɗi, kuma, yayin da darajar majalisun Yahudawa ke raguwa a faɗin Turai, kloyzn ya ɓace a farkon shekarun 1800, kodayake a wasu lokuta, sun kasance har zuwa aƙalla farkon ƙarni na 20. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1912 |title=Certificate granting ownership of a seat in a kloyz |url=http://polishjews.yivoarchives.org/archive/?p=collections/controlcard&id=23416 |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=YIVO Digital Archive on Jews in Poland}}</ref> A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, an san majami'u masu alaƙa da ƙungiyar Musar da kloyzn, amma banda sunan, babu wata alaƙa da ainihin kloyzn. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reiner |first=Elchanan |title=Kloyz |url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kloyz |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[YIVO]]}}</ref> == Aiki da tsari == Kloyzn yana aiki a kowane lokaci na mako, ban da lokacin daga tsakiyar rana a ranar Juma'a zuwa safiyar Lahadi mai zuwa. A wani labari na Lesko kloyz, ana ba wa membobin damar yin barci na tsawon sa'o'i uku kacal a kowace rana, sai dai idan ba su yi barci na sama da sa'o'i 24 ba, a wannan yanayin an ba su damar yin barci na tsawon sa'o'i shida. Sauran lokacin da aka yi a kloyz an keɓe shi ne don nazarin adabi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reiner |first=Elchanan |title=Kloyz |url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kloyz |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[YIVO]]}}</ref> Kowanne kloyz ƙarami ne, kowanne yana da mambobi goma zuwa ashirin. Adadin ɗaliban ya fi yawa, kuma ya haɗa da samari waɗanda ke shirin yin hidima a matsayin malamai da malamai. Nazarin da ake yi a cikin kloyz sau da yawa yana da rikitarwa, kuma wani lokacin yana nuna rayuwar membobin kloyz. Ikon kloyzn ya kai kololuwa a tsakiyar ƙarni zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, a lokacin ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin wata babbar hukuma a cikin al'ummomin Yahudawa. Wasu ko dukkan membobin kloyzn sun sanya hannu kan takardu da yawa na jama'a a wannan lokacin. Wani babban lamari ya faru a Brody lokacin da kloyz na yankin ya shiga cikin korar Yahudawan Hasidic . <ref name=":1" /> == Duba kuma == * Majami'ar Klausen == Manazarta == 7dqr8e56bdss58rb1dk9s2ukcga2jtf 0 162374 888251 2026-07-27T19:31:45Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362545072|Kendre Miller]]" 888251 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Kendre Miller (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2002) ɗan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallonƙwallon Ƙwararru na New Orleans (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga TCU Horned Frogs . An zaɓi Miller a zagaye na uku a matsayin zaɓi na 71 na Shirin NFL na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Saints' Kendre Miller: Heads to Big Easy |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/saints-kendre-miller-heads-to-big-easy/ |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Miller ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Mount Enterprise a Mount Enterprise, Texas . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Potter |first=Davis |date=June 8, 2019 |title=2020 Wyoming target: Kendre Miller |url=https://trib.com/sports/college/wyoming/football/2020-wyoming-target-kendre-miller/article_a6b38625-0bd8-51bf-96ed-4f80cfbcd940.html |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Casper Star-Tribune |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya yi sauri don yadudduka 2,508 da 34 touchdowns. Ya shiga Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU) don buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wessels |first=Billy |date=February 3, 2020 |title=PurpleMenace - Miller commits to TCU |url=https://tcu.rivals.com/news/miller-commits-to-tcu |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Rivals.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa na gaskiya a TCU a shekarar 2020, ya yi sauri don yadudduka 388 a kan 54 tare da touchdowns biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2020 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2020 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu a cikin 2021, ya kasance na biyu a cikin tawagar tare da yadudduka 623 a kan 83 da aka ɗauka tare da touchdown bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2021 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2021 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 TCU Horned Frogs Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/texas-christian/2021.html |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Miller ya zama mai farawa na TCU a shekarar 2022. Ya gudu don yadudduka 1399 da 17 touchdowns, matsakaicin yadudduka 6.2 a kowace ɗauka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Justin |date=October 27, 2022 |title=WVU faces a "hard tackle" in TCU running back Kendre Miller |url=https://www.dominionpost.com/2022/10/27/wvu-faces-a-hard-tackle-in-tcu-running-back-kendre-miller/ |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Dominion Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodges |first=Russell |date=October 17, 2022 |title=TCU RB Kendre Miller continues to impress |url=https://www.frogsowar.com/2022/10/17/23408183/tcu-rb-kendre-miller-continues-to-impress |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Frogs O' War |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2022 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2022 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=5|height in=11 1/8|weight=215|arm span=32 3/8|hand span=9 3/8|note=All values from the [[NFL Combine]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller Draft and Combine Prospect Profile |url=https://www.nfl.com/prospects/kendre-miller/32004d49-4c36-9085-7b40-672b4733cbc6 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=NFL.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 NFL Draft Scout Kendre Miller College Football Profile |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1041456&DraftYear=2023 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=DraftScout.com}}</ref>}}New Orleans Saints ne suka tsara Miller a zagaye na uku, na 71 gabaɗaya, na Shirin NFL na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 28, 2023 |title=New Orleans Saints draft TCU running back Kendre Miller with pick 71 in the 2023 NFL Draft |url=https://www.neworleanssaints.com/news/kendre-miller-2023-nfl-draft-running-back-tcu-saints-draft-pick-selection-71 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=NewOrleansSaints.com}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a cikin mako na 18 a kan Atlanta Falcons a kan tseren yadudduka uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlanta Falcons at New Orleans Saints - January 7th, 2024 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202401070nor.htm |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na rookie, Miller ya bayyana a wasanni takwas kuma ya gama tare da 41 ya ɗauki yadudduka 156 da kuma saurin saurin sauka don tafiya tare da goma don yadudduka 117.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2023 Game Log |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01/gamelog/2023/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Miller ya fara kakar 2024 a kan wadanda suka ji rauni, kuma kungiyar ta kunna shi a gaban mako na 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2024 |title=New Orleans Saints announce roster moves |url=https://www.neworleanssaints.com/news/new-orleans-saints-53-man-roster-cuts-moves-transactions-august-27-2024-nfl-season |website=NewOrleansSaints.com}}</ref> A wasanni shida (farawa biyu) ga New Orleans, ya yi sauri sau 39 don yadudduka 148 da kuma touchdown daya; ya kuma sami liyafa biyar don yaduddura 33. Miller ya buga wasanni bakwai a New Orleans a lokacin kakar 2025, inda ya yi rikodin 47 rushes don yadudduka 193 da kuma touchdown daya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2025 Game Log |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01/gamelog/2025/ |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2025, an sanya Miller a cikin raunin da ya ji bayan ya sha wahala a ACL a cikin mako na 7 a kan Chicago Bears.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terrell |first=Katherine |date=2025-10-20 |title=Saints lose Erik McCoy, Kendre Miller for rest of season |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/46661706/saints-lose-rb-kendre-miller-c-erik-mccoy-rest-season |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> == Kididdigar aikin NFL == === Lokaci na yau da kullun === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni ! colspan="5" |Gudun daji ! colspan="5" |Karɓar ! colspan="5" |Komawa ! colspan="2" |Rashin hankali |- !GP !GS !Mataki !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Rec !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Ret !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Shan taba !Ya ɓace |- !2023 !A'A'A |'''8''' |0 |41 |156 |3.8 |'''18''' |'''1''' |'''10''' |'''117''' |'''11.7''' |'''33''' |0 | - | - | - | - | - |0 |0 |- !2024 !A'A'A |6 |'''2''' |39 |148 |3.8 |17 |'''1''' |5 |33 |6.6 |16 |0 |6 |176 |'''29.3''' |41 |0 |0 |0 |- !2025 !A'A'A |7 |0 |'''47''' |'''193''' |'''4.1''' |'''18''' |'''1''' |5 |30 |6.0 |11 |0 |'''16''' |'''393''' |24.6 |'''43''' |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01.htm Ayyuka] !21 !2 !127 !497 !3.9 !18 !3 !20 !180 !9.0 !33 !0 !22 !569 !25.9 !43 !0 !0 !0 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == {{footballstats|yahoo=40108|espn=4599739|nfl=kendre-miller}} *[https://www.neworleanssaints.com/team/players-roster/kendre-miller/ New Orleans Saints bio] *[https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/kendre-miller/14394 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] mjx1sc4u8ew83nvzpg1s1n2zc2jyhiw 888252 888251 2026-07-27T19:33:32Z Aluja 30485 888252 wikitext text/x-wiki Kendre Miller (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2002) ɗan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallonƙwallon Ƙwararru na New Orleans (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga TCU Horned Frogs . An zaɓi Miller a zagaye na uku a matsayin zaɓi na 71 na Shirin NFL na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Saints' Kendre Miller: Heads to Big Easy |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/saints-kendre-miller-heads-to-big-easy/ |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Miller ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Mount Enterprise a Mount Enterprise, Texas . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Potter |first=Davis |date=June 8, 2019 |title=2020 Wyoming target: Kendre Miller |url=https://trib.com/sports/college/wyoming/football/2020-wyoming-target-kendre-miller/article_a6b38625-0bd8-51bf-96ed-4f80cfbcd940.html |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Casper Star-Tribune |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya yi sauri don yadudduka 2,508 da 34 touchdowns. Ya shiga Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU) don buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wessels |first=Billy |date=February 3, 2020 |title=PurpleMenace - Miller commits to TCU |url=https://tcu.rivals.com/news/miller-commits-to-tcu |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Rivals.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa na gaskiya a TCU a shekarar 2020, ya yi sauri don yadudduka 388 a kan 54 tare da touchdowns biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2020 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2020 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu a cikin 2021, ya kasance na biyu a cikin tawagar tare da yadudduka 623 a kan 83 da aka ɗauka tare da touchdown bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2021 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2021 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 TCU Horned Frogs Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/texas-christian/2021.html |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Miller ya zama mai farawa na TCU a shekarar 2022. Ya gudu don yadudduka 1399 da 17 touchdowns, matsakaicin yadudduka 6.2 a kowace ɗauka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Justin |date=October 27, 2022 |title=WVU faces a "hard tackle" in TCU running back Kendre Miller |url=https://www.dominionpost.com/2022/10/27/wvu-faces-a-hard-tackle-in-tcu-running-back-kendre-miller/ |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Dominion Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodges |first=Russell |date=October 17, 2022 |title=TCU RB Kendre Miller continues to impress |url=https://www.frogsowar.com/2022/10/17/23408183/tcu-rb-kendre-miller-continues-to-impress |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Frogs O' War |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2022 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2022 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=5|height in=11 1/8|weight=215|arm span=32 3/8|hand span=9 3/8|note=All values from the [[NFL Combine]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller Draft and Combine Prospect Profile |url=https://www.nfl.com/prospects/kendre-miller/32004d49-4c36-9085-7b40-672b4733cbc6 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=NFL.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 NFL Draft Scout Kendre Miller College Football Profile |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1041456&DraftYear=2023 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=DraftScout.com}}</ref>}}New Orleans Saints ne suka tsara Miller a zagaye na uku, na 71 gabaɗaya, na Shirin NFL na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 28, 2023 |title=New Orleans Saints draft TCU running back Kendre Miller with pick 71 in the 2023 NFL Draft |url=https://www.neworleanssaints.com/news/kendre-miller-2023-nfl-draft-running-back-tcu-saints-draft-pick-selection-71 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=NewOrleansSaints.com}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a cikin mako na 18 a kan Atlanta Falcons a kan tseren yadudduka uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlanta Falcons at New Orleans Saints - January 7th, 2024 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202401070nor.htm |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na rookie, Miller ya bayyana a wasanni takwas kuma ya gama tare da 41 ya ɗauki yadudduka 156 da kuma saurin saurin sauka don tafiya tare da goma don yadudduka 117.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2023 Game Log |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01/gamelog/2023/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Miller ya fara kakar 2024 a kan wadanda suka ji rauni, kuma kungiyar ta kunna shi a gaban mako na 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2024 |title=New Orleans Saints announce roster moves |url=https://www.neworleanssaints.com/news/new-orleans-saints-53-man-roster-cuts-moves-transactions-august-27-2024-nfl-season |website=NewOrleansSaints.com}}</ref> A wasanni shida (farawa biyu) ga New Orleans, ya yi sauri sau 39 don yadudduka 148 da kuma touchdown daya; ya kuma sami liyafa biyar don yaduddura 33. Miller ya buga wasanni bakwai a New Orleans a lokacin kakar 2025, inda ya yi rikodin 47 rushes don yadudduka 193 da kuma touchdown daya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2025 Game Log |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01/gamelog/2025/ |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2025, an sanya Miller a cikin raunin da ya ji bayan ya sha wahala a ACL a cikin mako na 7 a kan Chicago Bears.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terrell |first=Katherine |date=2025-10-20 |title=Saints lose Erik McCoy, Kendre Miller for rest of season |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/46661706/saints-lose-rb-kendre-miller-c-erik-mccoy-rest-season |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> == Kididdigar aikin NFL == === Lokaci na yau da kullun === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni ! colspan="5" |Gudun daji ! colspan="5" |Karɓar ! colspan="5" |Komawa ! colspan="2" |Rashin hankali |- !GP !GS !Mataki !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Rec !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Ret !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Shan taba !Ya ɓace |- !2023 !A'A'A |'''8''' |0 |41 |156 |3.8 |'''18''' |'''1''' |'''10''' |'''117''' |'''11.7''' |'''33''' |0 | - | - | - | - | - |0 |0 |- !2024 !A'A'A |6 |'''2''' |39 |148 |3.8 |17 |'''1''' |5 |33 |6.6 |16 |0 |6 |176 |'''29.3''' |41 |0 |0 |0 |- !2025 !A'A'A |7 |0 |'''47''' |'''193''' |'''4.1''' |'''18''' |'''1''' |5 |30 |6.0 |11 |0 |'''16''' |'''393''' |24.6 |'''43''' |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01.htm Ayyuka] !21 !2 !127 !497 !3.9 !18 !3 !20 !180 !9.0 !33 !0 !22 !569 !25.9 !43 !0 !0 !0 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == {{footballstats|yahoo=40108|espn=4599739|nfl=kendre-miller}} *[https://www.neworleanssaints.com/team/players-roster/kendre-miller/ New Orleans Saints bio] *[https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/kendre-miller/14394 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] hopyxfkdulb1izss1aa0un9ktb15nvq 888253 888252 2026-07-27T19:33:52Z Aluja 30485 /* Manazarta */ 888253 wikitext text/x-wiki Kendre Miller (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2002) ɗan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallonƙwallon Ƙwararru na New Orleans (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga TCU Horned Frogs . An zaɓi Miller a zagaye na uku a matsayin zaɓi na 71 na Shirin NFL na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Saints' Kendre Miller: Heads to Big Easy |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/saints-kendre-miller-heads-to-big-easy/ |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Miller ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Mount Enterprise a Mount Enterprise, Texas . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Potter |first=Davis |date=June 8, 2019 |title=2020 Wyoming target: Kendre Miller |url=https://trib.com/sports/college/wyoming/football/2020-wyoming-target-kendre-miller/article_a6b38625-0bd8-51bf-96ed-4f80cfbcd940.html |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Casper Star-Tribune |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya yi sauri don yadudduka 2,508 da 34 touchdowns. Ya shiga Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU) don buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wessels |first=Billy |date=February 3, 2020 |title=PurpleMenace - Miller commits to TCU |url=https://tcu.rivals.com/news/miller-commits-to-tcu |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Rivals.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa na gaskiya a TCU a shekarar 2020, ya yi sauri don yadudduka 388 a kan 54 tare da touchdowns biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2020 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2020 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu a cikin 2021, ya kasance na biyu a cikin tawagar tare da yadudduka 623 a kan 83 da aka ɗauka tare da touchdown bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2021 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2021 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 TCU Horned Frogs Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/texas-christian/2021.html |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Miller ya zama mai farawa na TCU a shekarar 2022. Ya gudu don yadudduka 1399 da 17 touchdowns, matsakaicin yadudduka 6.2 a kowace ɗauka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Justin |date=October 27, 2022 |title=WVU faces a "hard tackle" in TCU running back Kendre Miller |url=https://www.dominionpost.com/2022/10/27/wvu-faces-a-hard-tackle-in-tcu-running-back-kendre-miller/ |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Dominion Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodges |first=Russell |date=October 17, 2022 |title=TCU RB Kendre Miller continues to impress |url=https://www.frogsowar.com/2022/10/17/23408183/tcu-rb-kendre-miller-continues-to-impress |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Frogs O' War |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2022 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2022 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=5|height in=11 1/8|weight=215|arm span=32 3/8|hand span=9 3/8|note=All values from the [[NFL Combine]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller Draft and Combine Prospect Profile |url=https://www.nfl.com/prospects/kendre-miller/32004d49-4c36-9085-7b40-672b4733cbc6 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=NFL.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 NFL Draft Scout Kendre Miller College Football Profile |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1041456&DraftYear=2023 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=DraftScout.com}}</ref>}}New Orleans Saints ne suka tsara Miller a zagaye na uku, na 71 gabaɗaya, na Shirin NFL na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 28, 2023 |title=New Orleans Saints draft TCU running back Kendre Miller with pick 71 in the 2023 NFL Draft |url=https://www.neworleanssaints.com/news/kendre-miller-2023-nfl-draft-running-back-tcu-saints-draft-pick-selection-71 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=NewOrleansSaints.com}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a cikin mako na 18 a kan Atlanta Falcons a kan tseren yadudduka uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlanta Falcons at New Orleans Saints - January 7th, 2024 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202401070nor.htm |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na rookie, Miller ya bayyana a wasanni takwas kuma ya gama tare da 41 ya ɗauki yadudduka 156 da kuma saurin saurin sauka don tafiya tare da goma don yadudduka 117.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2023 Game Log |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01/gamelog/2023/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Miller ya fara kakar 2024 a kan wadanda suka ji rauni, kuma kungiyar ta kunna shi a gaban mako na 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2024 |title=New Orleans Saints announce roster moves |url=https://www.neworleanssaints.com/news/new-orleans-saints-53-man-roster-cuts-moves-transactions-august-27-2024-nfl-season |website=NewOrleansSaints.com}}</ref> A wasanni shida (farawa biyu) ga New Orleans, ya yi sauri sau 39 don yadudduka 148 da kuma touchdown daya; ya kuma sami liyafa biyar don yaduddura 33. Miller ya buga wasanni bakwai a New Orleans a lokacin kakar 2025, inda ya yi rikodin 47 rushes don yadudduka 193 da kuma touchdown daya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2025 Game Log |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01/gamelog/2025/ |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2025, an sanya Miller a cikin raunin da ya ji bayan ya sha wahala a ACL a cikin mako na 7 a kan Chicago Bears.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terrell |first=Katherine |date=2025-10-20 |title=Saints lose Erik McCoy, Kendre Miller for rest of season |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/46661706/saints-lose-rb-kendre-miller-c-erik-mccoy-rest-season |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> == Kididdigar aikin NFL == === Lokaci na yau da kullun === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni ! colspan="5" |Gudun daji ! colspan="5" |Karɓar ! colspan="5" |Komawa ! colspan="2" |Rashin hankali |- !GP !GS !Mataki !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Rec !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Ret !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Shan taba !Ya ɓace |- !2023 !A'A'A |'''8''' |0 |41 |156 |3.8 |'''18''' |'''1''' |'''10''' |'''117''' |'''11.7''' |'''33''' |0 | - | - | - | - | - |0 |0 |- !2024 !A'A'A |6 |'''2''' |39 |148 |3.8 |17 |'''1''' |5 |33 |6.6 |16 |0 |6 |176 |'''29.3''' |41 |0 |0 |0 |- !2025 !A'A'A |7 |0 |'''47''' |'''193''' |'''4.1''' |'''18''' |'''1''' |5 |30 |6.0 |11 |0 |'''16''' |'''393''' |24.6 |'''43''' |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01.htm Ayyuka] !21 !2 !127 !497 !3.9 !18 !3 !20 !180 !9.0 !33 !0 !22 !569 !25.9 !43 !0 !0 !0 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == {{footballstats|yahoo=40108|espn=4599739|nfl=kendre-miller}} *[https://www.neworleanssaints.com/team/players-roster/kendre-miller/ New Orleans Saints bio] *[https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/kendre-miller/14394 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] 2ecwldmmhx43o09lrtxn6xxxq48ok2j 888254 888253 2026-07-27T19:34:36Z Aluja 30485 888254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kendre Miller''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2002) ɗan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallonƙwallon Ƙwararru na New Orleans (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga TCU Horned Frogs . An zaɓi Miller a zagaye na uku a matsayin zaɓi na 71 na Shirin NFL na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2023 |title=Saints' Kendre Miller: Heads to Big Easy |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/saints-kendre-miller-heads-to-big-easy/ |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Miller ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Mount Enterprise a Mount Enterprise, Texas . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Potter |first=Davis |date=June 8, 2019 |title=2020 Wyoming target: Kendre Miller |url=https://trib.com/sports/college/wyoming/football/2020-wyoming-target-kendre-miller/article_a6b38625-0bd8-51bf-96ed-4f80cfbcd940.html |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Casper Star-Tribune |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya yi sauri don yadudduka 2,508 da 34 touchdowns. Ya shiga Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU) don buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wessels |first=Billy |date=February 3, 2020 |title=PurpleMenace - Miller commits to TCU |url=https://tcu.rivals.com/news/miller-commits-to-tcu |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Rivals.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa na gaskiya a TCU a shekarar 2020, ya yi sauri don yadudduka 388 a kan 54 tare da touchdowns biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2020 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2020 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu a cikin 2021, ya kasance na biyu a cikin tawagar tare da yadudduka 623 a kan 83 da aka ɗauka tare da touchdown bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2021 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2021 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 TCU Horned Frogs Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/texas-christian/2021.html |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Miller ya zama mai farawa na TCU a shekarar 2022. Ya gudu don yadudduka 1399 da 17 touchdowns, matsakaicin yadudduka 6.2 a kowace ɗauka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Justin |date=October 27, 2022 |title=WVU faces a "hard tackle" in TCU running back Kendre Miller |url=https://www.dominionpost.com/2022/10/27/wvu-faces-a-hard-tackle-in-tcu-running-back-kendre-miller/ |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Dominion Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodges |first=Russell |date=October 17, 2022 |title=TCU RB Kendre Miller continues to impress |url=https://www.frogsowar.com/2022/10/17/23408183/tcu-rb-kendre-miller-continues-to-impress |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=Frogs O' War |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2022 Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kendre-miller-1/gamelog/2022 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=5|height in=11 1/8|weight=215|arm span=32 3/8|hand span=9 3/8|note=All values from the [[NFL Combine]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller Draft and Combine Prospect Profile |url=https://www.nfl.com/prospects/kendre-miller/32004d49-4c36-9085-7b40-672b4733cbc6 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=NFL.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 NFL Draft Scout Kendre Miller College Football Profile |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1041456&DraftYear=2023 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=DraftScout.com}}</ref>}}New Orleans Saints ne suka tsara Miller a zagaye na uku, na 71 gabaɗaya, na Shirin NFL na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 28, 2023 |title=New Orleans Saints draft TCU running back Kendre Miller with pick 71 in the 2023 NFL Draft |url=https://www.neworleanssaints.com/news/kendre-miller-2023-nfl-draft-running-back-tcu-saints-draft-pick-selection-71 |access-date=June 10, 2023 |website=NewOrleansSaints.com}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a cikin mako na 18 a kan Atlanta Falcons a kan tseren yadudduka uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlanta Falcons at New Orleans Saints - January 7th, 2024 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202401070nor.htm |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na rookie, Miller ya bayyana a wasanni takwas kuma ya gama tare da 41 ya ɗauki yadudduka 156 da kuma saurin saurin sauka don tafiya tare da goma don yadudduka 117.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2023 Game Log |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01/gamelog/2023/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Miller ya fara kakar 2024 a kan wadanda suka ji rauni, kuma kungiyar ta kunna shi a gaban mako na 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2024 |title=New Orleans Saints announce roster moves |url=https://www.neworleanssaints.com/news/new-orleans-saints-53-man-roster-cuts-moves-transactions-august-27-2024-nfl-season |website=NewOrleansSaints.com}}</ref> A wasanni shida (farawa biyu) ga New Orleans, ya yi sauri sau 39 don yadudduka 148 da kuma touchdown daya; ya kuma sami liyafa biyar don yaduddura 33. Miller ya buga wasanni bakwai a New Orleans a lokacin kakar 2025, inda ya yi rikodin 47 rushes don yadudduka 193 da kuma touchdown daya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kendre Miller 2025 Game Log |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01/gamelog/2025/ |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2025, an sanya Miller a cikin raunin da ya ji bayan ya sha wahala a ACL a cikin mako na 7 a kan Chicago Bears.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terrell |first=Katherine |date=2025-10-20 |title=Saints lose Erik McCoy, Kendre Miller for rest of season |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/46661706/saints-lose-rb-kendre-miller-c-erik-mccoy-rest-season |access-date=2026-04-10 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> == Kididdigar aikin NFL == === Lokaci na yau da kullun === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni ! colspan="5" |Gudun daji ! colspan="5" |Karɓar ! colspan="5" |Komawa ! colspan="2" |Rashin hankali |- !GP !GS !Mataki !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Rec !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Ret !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Shan taba !Ya ɓace |- !2023 !A'A'A |'''8''' |0 |41 |156 |3.8 |'''18''' |'''1''' |'''10''' |'''117''' |'''11.7''' |'''33''' |0 | - | - | - | - | - |0 |0 |- !2024 !A'A'A |6 |'''2''' |39 |148 |3.8 |17 |'''1''' |5 |33 |6.6 |16 |0 |6 |176 |'''29.3''' |41 |0 |0 |0 |- !2025 !A'A'A |7 |0 |'''47''' |'''193''' |'''4.1''' |'''18''' |'''1''' |5 |30 |6.0 |11 |0 |'''16''' |'''393''' |24.6 |'''43''' |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MillKe01.htm Ayyuka] !21 !2 !127 !497 !3.9 !18 !3 !20 !180 !9.0 !33 !0 !22 !569 !25.9 !43 !0 !0 !0 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == {{footballstats|yahoo=40108|espn=4599739|nfl=kendre-miller}} *[https://www.neworleanssaints.com/team/players-roster/kendre-miller/ New Orleans Saints bio] *[https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/kendre-miller/14394 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] emoz58baxmt9okttjpjf4xgmsxazls5 0 162375 888256 2026-07-27T19:43:59Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358626551|Steven L. Berk]]" 888256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Steven Lee Berk''' (12 ga Maris, 1949 - 26 ga Mayu, 2023) likita ne kuma marubuci na Amurka. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Berk a New York, ɗan Sidney Berk da Freida Blank. Ya halarci Jami'ar Brandeis, ya kammala a shekarar 1971. Ya kuma halarci Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Boston, ya kammala a 1975. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kammala horar da likitanci da cututtukan cututtuka a asibitin Boston City. A shekara ta 1979, ya taimaka wajen kafa Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta James H. Quillen a Jami'ar Jihar Tennessee ta Gabas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Steven L. Berk, M.D. |url=https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/lubbock-tx/steven-berk-md-11309479 |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=Dignity Memorial}}</ref> Berk ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a sashen magani a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Lafiya ta Jami'ar Texas daga 1999 zuwa 2023. A lokacin shekarunsa a matsayin farfesa, a shekara ta 2001, an ba shi suna Mirick-Myers Endowed Chair Professor in Geriatric Medicine, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Steven L. Berk, M.D. ’75 – 2012 Distinguished Alumni Award Recipient |url=https://www.bumc.bu.edu/camed/offices-services/alumni/alumni-recognition-resources/alumni-awards-submission/past-recipients-of-the-alumni-awards/steven-l-berk-m-d-75-2012-distinguished-alumni-award-recipient/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Boston University]]}}</ref> a shekara ta 2011, ya rubuta littafin Anatomy of a Kidnapping: A Doctor's Story, yana rubutu game da abubuwan da ya samu a matsayin wanda aka yi garkuwa da shi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Anatomy of a Kidnapping |url=https://www.ttupress.org/9780896726932/anatomy-of-a-kidnapping/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Texas Tech University Press]]}}</ref> kuma a cikin 2020, an ba shi sunan Grover E. Murray Farfesa ta Texas Tech University System Board of Regents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Matthew |date=August 7, 2020 |title=TTUHSC Exec. VP, School of Medicine Dean named Grover E. Murray Professor |url=https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/ttuhsc-exec-vp-school-of-medicine-dean-named-grover-e-murray-professor |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[KABC-TV]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == A cikin 1981, Berk ya auri Shirley Anne Holtsclaw . Auren su ya kasance har zuwa mutuwar Berk a shekara ta 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2023 |title=Dr. Steven L. Berk, M.D. |url=https://www.amarillo.com/obituaries/paco0498023 |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Amarillo Globe-News]]}}</ref> Berk ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2023, yana da shekaru 74. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosiles |first=Mateo |date=May 27, 2023 |title=Longtime Texas Tech HSC medical school dean Dr. Steven Berk dies |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/local/2023/05/26/ttuhsc-announces-passing-of-steven-berk-dean-of-medicine-school/70263270007/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Lubbock Avalanche-Journal]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] s35mz460bsjawfs6lnrj5mcpvm7gg4s 888257 888256 2026-07-27T19:44:32Z Aluja 30485 888257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steven Lee Berk''' (12 ga Maris, 1949 - 26 ga Mayu, 2023) likita ne kuma marubuci na Amurka. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Berk a New York, ɗan Sidney Berk da Freida Blank. Ya halarci Jami'ar Brandeis, ya kammala a shekarar 1971. Ya kuma halarci Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Boston, ya kammala a 1975. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kammala horar da likitanci da cututtukan cututtuka a asibitin Boston City. A shekara ta 1979, ya taimaka wajen kafa Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta James H. Quillen a Jami'ar Jihar Tennessee ta Gabas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Steven L. Berk, M.D. |url=https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/lubbock-tx/steven-berk-md-11309479 |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=Dignity Memorial}}</ref> Berk ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a sashen magani a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Lafiya ta Jami'ar Texas daga 1999 zuwa 2023. A lokacin shekarunsa a matsayin farfesa, a shekara ta 2001, an ba shi suna Mirick-Myers Endowed Chair Professor in Geriatric Medicine, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Steven L. Berk, M.D. ’75 – 2012 Distinguished Alumni Award Recipient |url=https://www.bumc.bu.edu/camed/offices-services/alumni/alumni-recognition-resources/alumni-awards-submission/past-recipients-of-the-alumni-awards/steven-l-berk-m-d-75-2012-distinguished-alumni-award-recipient/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Boston University]]}}</ref> a shekara ta 2011, ya rubuta littafin Anatomy of a Kidnapping: A Doctor's Story, yana rubutu game da abubuwan da ya samu a matsayin wanda aka yi garkuwa da shi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Anatomy of a Kidnapping |url=https://www.ttupress.org/9780896726932/anatomy-of-a-kidnapping/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Texas Tech University Press]]}}</ref> kuma a cikin 2020, an ba shi sunan Grover E. Murray Farfesa ta Texas Tech University System Board of Regents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Matthew |date=August 7, 2020 |title=TTUHSC Exec. VP, School of Medicine Dean named Grover E. Murray Professor |url=https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/ttuhsc-exec-vp-school-of-medicine-dean-named-grover-e-murray-professor |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[KABC-TV]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == A cikin 1981, Berk ya auri Shirley Anne Holtsclaw . Auren su ya kasance har zuwa mutuwar Berk a shekara ta 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2023 |title=Dr. Steven L. Berk, M.D. |url=https://www.amarillo.com/obituaries/paco0498023 |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Amarillo Globe-News]]}}</ref> Berk ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2023, yana da shekaru 74. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosiles |first=Mateo |date=May 27, 2023 |title=Longtime Texas Tech HSC medical school dean Dr. Steven Berk dies |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/local/2023/05/26/ttuhsc-announces-passing-of-steven-berk-dean-of-medicine-school/70263270007/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Lubbock Avalanche-Journal]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] 46f413vq618cbb8k3pklcwdgayzzmep 888258 888257 2026-07-27T19:44:54Z Aluja 30485 888258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Steven Lee Berk''' (12 ga Maris, 1949 - 26 ga Mayu, 2023) likita ne kuma marubuci na Amurka. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Berk a New York, ɗan Sidney Berk da Freida Blank. Ya halarci Jami'ar Brandeis, ya kammala a shekarar 1971. Ya kuma halarci Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Boston, ya kammala a 1975. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kammala horar da likitanci da cututtukan cututtuka a asibitin Boston City. A shekara ta 1979, ya taimaka wajen kafa Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta James H. Quillen a Jami'ar Jihar Tennessee ta Gabas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Steven L. Berk, M.D. |url=https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/lubbock-tx/steven-berk-md-11309479 |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=Dignity Memorial}}</ref> Berk ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a sashen magani a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Lafiya ta Jami'ar Texas daga 1999 zuwa 2023. A lokacin shekarunsa a matsayin farfesa, a shekara ta 2001, an ba shi suna Mirick-Myers Endowed Chair Professor in Geriatric Medicine, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Steven L. Berk, M.D. ’75 – 2012 Distinguished Alumni Award Recipient |url=https://www.bumc.bu.edu/camed/offices-services/alumni/alumni-recognition-resources/alumni-awards-submission/past-recipients-of-the-alumni-awards/steven-l-berk-m-d-75-2012-distinguished-alumni-award-recipient/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Boston University]]}}</ref> a shekara ta 2011, ya rubuta littafin Anatomy of a Kidnapping: A Doctor's Story, yana rubutu game da abubuwan da ya samu a matsayin wanda aka yi garkuwa da shi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Anatomy of a Kidnapping |url=https://www.ttupress.org/9780896726932/anatomy-of-a-kidnapping/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Texas Tech University Press]]}}</ref> kuma a cikin 2020, an ba shi sunan Grover E. Murray Farfesa ta Texas Tech University System Board of Regents.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Matthew |date=August 7, 2020 |title=TTUHSC Exec. VP, School of Medicine Dean named Grover E. Murray Professor |url=https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/ttuhsc-exec-vp-school-of-medicine-dean-named-grover-e-murray-professor |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[KABC-TV]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == A cikin 1981, Berk ya auri Shirley Anne Holtsclaw . Auren su ya kasance har zuwa mutuwar Berk a shekara ta 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2023 |title=Dr. Steven L. Berk, M.D. |url=https://www.amarillo.com/obituaries/paco0498023 |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Amarillo Globe-News]]}}</ref> Berk ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2023, yana da shekaru 74. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosiles |first=Mateo |date=May 27, 2023 |title=Longtime Texas Tech HSC medical school dean Dr. Steven Berk dies |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/news/local/2023/05/26/ttuhsc-announces-passing-of-steven-berk-dean-of-medicine-school/70263270007/ |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=[[Lubbock Avalanche-Journal]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] 0bg5wmsa849r0fx0jp5yhlc5u9dmwp3 0 162376 888259 2026-07-27T19:52:09Z Pretty Fulani 44366 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329236550|Aure et Saint-Girons]]" 888259 wikitext text/x-wiki   Aure et Saint-Girons ko Casta nau'in shanu ne na gida na Faransa da ke fuskantar barazanar karewa. Sunan nau'in ya samo asali ne daga manyan yankuna biyu na asali, Vallée d'Aure a sashen Hautes-Pyrénées, da kuma yankin Saint-Girons da Couserans a Ariège. Sunan "Casta" ya samo asali ne daga launin launin ruwan kasa. == Tarihi == Casta ya samo asali ne daga Pyrenees na Faransa. Yana daga cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan Midi. A al'ada, an gane nau'o'i biyu, daga yankuna biyu daban-daban na kewayon: Auroise, daga Vallée d'Aure a cikin sashen Hautes-Pyrénées; da Saint-Gironnaise, daga yankin Saint-Garons da Couserans a cikin Ariège. An samo nau'in a ko'ina cikin tsaunukan Pyrénées, daga yankin Tarbes a yamma zuwa Foix a gabas.{{R|region}} An sanya sunan jinsin a hukumance a matsayin "tseren shanu na Aure da Saint-Girons" a cikin 1900. An kafa littafin garken a cikin 1901 ko a cikin 1919. {{R|region}}{{R|dad|brg}} A cikin shekarun 1960 akwai wasu iyakantaccen giciye tare da Bazadais na Gironde.{{R|brg}} Tsakanin 1930 da 1958, yawan mutanen Casta ya fadi daga kimanin 30 000 zuwa kasa da 9 000 kai. A cikin shekaru bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], lambobi sun ci gaba da raguwa, kuma a shekara ta 1983 kawai ana iya samun shanu 76 a cikin gonaki 12.{{R|region}}FAO ta lissafa nau'in a matsayin "mai barazana" a cikin shekara ta 2007. {{R|barb}}: 41 A shekara ta 2005, an kiyasta yawan jama'a a 427; a shekara ta 2014 ya kai 320 . {{R|brg}}{{R|dad}} == Halaye == Casta yawanci launin toka ne, amma kuma yana iya zama launin ruwan kasa. Fata da mucous membranes suna da fari. Ƙahonin suna da siffar lyre. Bulls suna da nauyin kimanin {{Nowrap|900 kg}} kuma shanu kimanin {{Nowrap|600 kg}}. shanu suna tsaye kusan {{Nowrap|135 cm}} a cikin ƙuƙwalwa.{{R|brg}} == Amfani da shi == Asalin Casta nau'in Casta ne da ake amfani da shi sau uku, ana ajiye shi don nama, madara, da kuma aikin iskar shaka. Yanzu ana kiwonsa galibi don nama. Madarar tana da yawan kitse, kuma ana amfani da ita wajen samar da cukuwar Bethmale [fr].{{R|region}} == Manazarta == <references> <ref name="barb">Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref> <ref name="brg">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090307174420/http://www.brg.prd.fr/brg/pages/rga/bovins/5 Étude de la race bovine: Casta] (in French). Bureau des Ressources Génétiques. Archived 7 March 2009.</ref> <ref name="dad">[http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=0b1613ebf16355cf65f6a05b9a65fe25,reportsreport8a_50001234 Breed data sheet: Casta/France]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2016.</ref> <ref name="region">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928052145/http://www.patrimoine-biologique.midipyrenees.fr/fiche.asp?FK_cat_animal=2&page=1 Aure et St Girons ou "Casta"] (in French). Conservatoire du Patrimoine Biologique Régional de Midi-Pyrénées. Archived 28 September 2008.</ref> </references> Aure-et-Saint-Girons a Wikimedia Commons.{{Commons category-inline|Aure-et-Saint-Girons}} mx6sgxh72bw1anuqy8mn7gpofhujwpm 888260 888259 2026-07-27T19:52:39Z Pretty Fulani 44366 888260 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Aure et Saint-Girons ko Casta nau'in shanu ne na gida na Faransa da ke fuskantar barazanar karewa. Sunan nau'in ya samo asali ne daga manyan yankuna biyu na asali, Vallée d'Aure a sashen Hautes-Pyrénées, da kuma yankin Saint-Girons da Couserans a Ariège. Sunan "Casta" ya samo asali ne daga launin launin ruwan kasa. == Tarihi == Casta ya samo asali ne daga Pyrenees na Faransa. Yana daga cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan Midi. A al'ada, an gane nau'o'i biyu, daga yankuna biyu daban-daban na kewayon: Auroise, daga Vallée d'Aure a cikin sashen Hautes-Pyrénées; da Saint-Gironnaise, daga yankin Saint-Garons da Couserans a cikin Ariège. An samo nau'in a ko'ina cikin tsaunukan Pyrénées, daga yankin Tarbes a yamma zuwa Foix a gabas.{{R|region}} An sanya sunan jinsin a hukumance a matsayin "tseren shanu na Aure da Saint-Girons" a cikin 1900. An kafa littafin garken a cikin 1901 ko a cikin 1919. {{R|region}}{{R|dad|brg}} A cikin shekarun 1960 akwai wasu iyakantaccen giciye tare da Bazadais na Gironde.{{R|brg}} Tsakanin 1930 da 1958, yawan mutanen Casta ya fadi daga kimanin 30 000 zuwa kasa da 9 000 kai. A cikin shekaru bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], lambobi sun ci gaba da raguwa, kuma a shekara ta 1983 kawai ana iya samun shanu 76 a cikin gonaki 12.{{R|region}}FAO ta lissafa nau'in a matsayin "mai barazana" a cikin shekara ta 2007. {{R|barb}}: 41 A shekara ta 2005, an kiyasta yawan jama'a a 427; a shekara ta 2014 ya kai 320 . {{R|brg}}{{R|dad}} == Halaye == Casta yawanci launin toka ne, amma kuma yana iya zama launin ruwan kasa. Fata da mucous membranes suna da fari. Ƙahonin suna da siffar lyre. Bulls suna da nauyin kimanin {{Nowrap|900 kg}} kuma shanu kimanin {{Nowrap|600 kg}}. shanu suna tsaye kusan {{Nowrap|135 cm}} a cikin ƙuƙwalwa.{{R|brg}} == Amfani da shi == Asalin Casta nau'in Casta ne da ake amfani da shi sau uku, ana ajiye shi don nama, madara, da kuma aikin iskar shaka. Yanzu ana kiwonsa galibi don nama. Madarar tana da yawan kitse, kuma ana amfani da ita wajen samar da cukuwar Bethmale [fr].{{R|region}} == Manazarta == <references> <ref name="barb">Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref> <ref name="brg">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090307174420/http://www.brg.prd.fr/brg/pages/rga/bovins/5 Étude de la race bovine: Casta] (in French). Bureau des Ressources Génétiques. Archived 7 March 2009.</ref> <ref name="dad">[http://dad.fao.org/cgi-bin/EfabisWeb.cgi?sid=0b1613ebf16355cf65f6a05b9a65fe25,reportsreport8a_50001234 Breed data sheet: Casta/France]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2016.</ref> <ref name="region">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928052145/http://www.patrimoine-biologique.midipyrenees.fr/fiche.asp?FK_cat_animal=2&page=1 Aure et St Girons ou "Casta"] (in French). Conservatoire du Patrimoine Biologique Régional de Midi-Pyrénées. Archived 28 September 2008.</ref> </references> Aure-et-Saint-Girons a Wikimedia Commons.{{Commons category-inline|Aure-et-Saint-Girons}} 4syew8x19dy65u97mkjh5x9sjzrcvom 0 162377 888261 2026-07-27T19:54:41Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335920119|1962 Duke Blue Devils football team]]" 888261 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Duke Blue Devils ta 1962 ta wakilci Jami'ar Duke a matsayin memba na Taron Atlantic Coast (ACC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar NCAA ta 1962. A karkashin jagorancin kocin shekaru 12 William D. Murray, Blue Devils sun tara rikodin 8-2 tare da alamar 6-0 a wasan taro, inda suka lashe taken ACC a karo na uku a jere. Duke ya kasance a matsayi na 8 a cikin Zaben AP don bude kakar wasa da USC, amma ya fice daga cikin matsayi bayan asarar kuma ba a sake sanya shi ba har zuwa sauran kakar. Blue Devils sun ki gayyatar yin wasa a Gator Bowl ta 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Looking Back... A Look Inside Duke's Gridiron Success in the Early 1960s |url=http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=620497 |website=goduke.com}}</ref> Duke ta 1962 ACC title ita ce ta karshe da makarantar ta lashe gasar zakarun har zuwa kakar 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Brian |date=6 December 2025 |title=Duke tops Virginia in overtime for first ACC football title since 1962 |url=https://www.wralsportsfan.com/duke-takes-on-virginia-in-acc-championship-football-game-december-2025/22275929/ |website=WRALSportsFan.com |language=en}}</ref> == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 22 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | rank = 8 | opponent = [[1962 USC Trojans football team|USC]] | site_stadium = [[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]] | site_cityst = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, CA]] | score = 7–14 | attend = 26,400 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-trojans-topple-favore/139154631/|work=The Sacramento Bee|title=Trojans topple favored Duke 14–7|date=September 23, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 29 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1962 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]] | site_stadium = [[Wallace Wade Stadium|Duke Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham, NC]] | score = 21–8 | attend = 24,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-virginian-pilot-duke-scores-in-2nd-h/139154700/|work=The Virginian-Pilot|title=Duke scores in 2nd half|date=September 30, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 6 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | neutral = y | opponent = [[1962 Florida Gators football team|Florida]] | site_stadium = [[Gator Bowl Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville, FL]] | score = 28–21 | attend = 30,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-down-210-duke-s/133352899/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Down 21–0, Duke storms back, 28–21|date=October 7, 1962|accessdate=October 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 13 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | homecoming = y | opponent = [[1962 California Golden Bears football team|California]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | score = 21–7 | attend = 31,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-danville-register-duke-beats-calif/139154774/|work=The Danville Register|title=Duke beats Calif., 21–7|date=October 14, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 20 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1962 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] | site_stadium = [[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]] | score = 16–0 | attend = 38,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-macon-news-duke-blanks-tigers-160/139154876/|work=The Macon Telegraph & News|title=Duke blanks Tigers, 16–0|date=October 21, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 27 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1962 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | gamename = [[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]] | score = 21–14 | attend = 23,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-state-duke-comes-back-to-beat-wolfpa/139154928/|work=The State|title=Duke comes back to beat Wolfpack|date=October 28, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 3 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1962 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team|Georgia Tech]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | score = 9–20 | attend = 44,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-duke-convinced-by-lothri/133354385/|work=St. Petersburg Times|title=Duke convinced by Lothridge|date=November 4, 1962|accessdate=October 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 10 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1962 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | score = 10–7 | attend = 26,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-tribune-duke-tops-maryland-ter/139154976/|work=The Tampa Tribune|title=Duke tops Maryland Terps 10–7|date=November 11, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 17 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1962 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = [[Bowman Gray Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem, NC]] | gamename = [[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]] | score = 50–0 | attend = 12,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/johnson-city-press-duke-bounces-wake-for/139155063/|work=Johnson City Press-Chronicle|title=Duke bounces Wake Forest eleven, 50–0|date=November 18, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 24 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1962 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]] | site_stadium = [[Kenan Memorial Stadium|Kenan Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[Victory Bell (Duke–North Carolina)|Victory Bell]] | score = 16–14 | attend = 40,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-last-minute-win-to-duk/139155119/|work=The Baltimore Sun|title=Last-minute win to Duke|date=November 25, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|rankyear=1962|poll=AP}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=1962 Duke Blue Devils |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/duke/1962-schedule.html |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} tfxircsxz4nup1cxwb9fjla0xdsy238 888262 888261 2026-07-27T19:55:32Z Aluja 30485 888262 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Duke Blue Devils ta 1962 ta wakilci Jami'ar Duke a matsayin memba na Taron Atlantic Coast (ACC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar NCAA ta 1962. A karkashin jagorancin kocin shekaru 12 William D. Murray, Blue Devils sun tara rikodin 8-2 tare da alamar 6-0 a wasan taro, inda suka lashe taken ACC a karo na uku a jere. Duke ya kasance a matsayi na 8 a cikin Zaben AP don bude kakar wasa da USC, amma ya fice daga cikin matsayi bayan asarar kuma ba a sake sanya shi ba har zuwa sauran kakar. Blue Devils sun ki gayyatar yin wasa a Gator Bowl ta 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Looking Back... A Look Inside Duke's Gridiron Success in the Early 1960s |url=http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=620497 |website=goduke.com}}</ref> Duke ta 1962 ACC title ita ce ta karshe da makarantar ta lashe gasar zakarun har zuwa kakar 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Brian |date=6 December 2025 |title=Duke tops Virginia in overtime for first ACC football title since 1962 |url=https://www.wralsportsfan.com/duke-takes-on-virginia-in-acc-championship-football-game-december-2025/22275929/ |website=WRALSportsFan.com |language=en}}</ref> == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 22 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | rank = 8 | opponent = [[1962 USC Trojans football team|USC]] | site_stadium = [[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]] | site_cityst = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, CA]] | score = 7–14 | attend = 26,400 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-trojans-topple-favore/139154631/|work=The Sacramento Bee|title=Trojans topple favored Duke 14–7|date=September 23, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 29 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1962 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]] | site_stadium = [[Wallace Wade Stadium|Duke Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham, NC]] | score = 21–8 | attend = 24,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-virginian-pilot-duke-scores-in-2nd-h/139154700/|work=The Virginian-Pilot|title=Duke scores in 2nd half|date=September 30, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 6 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | neutral = y | opponent = [[1962 Florida Gators football team|Florida]] | site_stadium = [[Gator Bowl Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville, FL]] | score = 28–21 | attend = 30,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-down-210-duke-s/133352899/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Down 21–0, Duke storms back, 28–21|date=October 7, 1962|accessdate=October 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 13 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | homecoming = y | opponent = [[1962 California Golden Bears football team|California]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | score = 21–7 | attend = 31,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-danville-register-duke-beats-calif/139154774/|work=The Danville Register|title=Duke beats Calif., 21–7|date=October 14, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 20 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1962 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] | site_stadium = [[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]] | score = 16–0 | attend = 38,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-macon-news-duke-blanks-tigers-160/139154876/|work=The Macon Telegraph & News|title=Duke blanks Tigers, 16–0|date=October 21, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 27 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1962 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | gamename = [[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]] | score = 21–14 | attend = 23,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-state-duke-comes-back-to-beat-wolfpa/139154928/|work=The State|title=Duke comes back to beat Wolfpack|date=October 28, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 3 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1962 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team|Georgia Tech]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | score = 9–20 | attend = 44,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-duke-convinced-by-lothri/133354385/|work=St. Petersburg Times|title=Duke convinced by Lothridge|date=November 4, 1962|accessdate=October 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 10 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1962 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | score = 10–7 | attend = 26,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-tribune-duke-tops-maryland-ter/139154976/|work=The Tampa Tribune|title=Duke tops Maryland Terps 10–7|date=November 11, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 17 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1962 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = [[Bowman Gray Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem, NC]] | gamename = [[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]] | score = 50–0 | attend = 12,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/johnson-city-press-duke-bounces-wake-for/139155063/|work=Johnson City Press-Chronicle|title=Duke bounces Wake Forest eleven, 50–0|date=November 18, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 24 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1962 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]] | site_stadium = [[Kenan Memorial Stadium|Kenan Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[Victory Bell (Duke–North Carolina)|Victory Bell]] | score = 16–14 | attend = 40,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-last-minute-win-to-duk/139155119/|work=The Baltimore Sun|title=Last-minute win to Duke|date=November 25, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|rankyear=1962|poll=AP}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=1962 Duke Blue Devils |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/duke/1962-schedule.html |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} a8dmlow45x2ds0ogmuhowsfkkvk4fe2 888263 888262 2026-07-27T19:55:54Z Aluja 30485 888263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Duke Blue Devils ta 1962 ta wakilci Jami'ar Duke a matsayin memba na Taron Atlantic Coast (ACC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar NCAA ta 1962. A karkashin jagorancin kocin shekaru 12 William D. Murray, Blue Devils sun tara rikodin 8-2 tare da alamar 6-0 a wasan taro, inda suka lashe taken ACC a karo na uku a jere. Duke ya kasance a matsayi na 8 a cikin Zaben AP don bude kakar wasa da USC, amma ya fice daga cikin matsayi bayan asarar kuma ba a sake sanya shi ba har zuwa sauran kakar. Blue Devils sun ki gayyatar yin wasa a Gator Bowl ta 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Looking Back... A Look Inside Duke's Gridiron Success in the Early 1960s |url=http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=620497 |website=goduke.com}}</ref> Duke ta 1962 ACC title ita ce ta karshe da makarantar ta lashe gasar zakarun har zuwa kakar 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Brian |date=6 December 2025 |title=Duke tops Virginia in overtime for first ACC football title since 1962 |url=https://www.wralsportsfan.com/duke-takes-on-virginia-in-acc-championship-football-game-december-2025/22275929/ |website=WRALSportsFan.com |language=en}}</ref> == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 22 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | rank = 8 | opponent = [[1962 USC Trojans football team|USC]] | site_stadium = [[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]] | site_cityst = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, CA]] | score = 7–14 | attend = 26,400 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sacramento-bee-trojans-topple-favore/139154631/|work=The Sacramento Bee|title=Trojans topple favored Duke 14–7|date=September 23, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 29 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1962 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]] | site_stadium = [[Wallace Wade Stadium|Duke Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham, NC]] | score = 21–8 | attend = 24,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-virginian-pilot-duke-scores-in-2nd-h/139154700/|work=The Virginian-Pilot|title=Duke scores in 2nd half|date=September 30, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 6 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | neutral = y | opponent = [[1962 Florida Gators football team|Florida]] | site_stadium = [[Gator Bowl Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville, FL]] | score = 28–21 | attend = 30,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-down-210-duke-s/133352899/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Down 21–0, Duke storms back, 28–21|date=October 7, 1962|accessdate=October 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 13 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | homecoming = y | opponent = [[1962 California Golden Bears football team|California]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | score = 21–7 | attend = 31,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-danville-register-duke-beats-calif/139154774/|work=The Danville Register|title=Duke beats Calif., 21–7|date=October 14, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 20 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1962 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] | site_stadium = [[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]] | score = 16–0 | attend = 38,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-macon-news-duke-blanks-tigers-160/139154876/|work=The Macon Telegraph & News|title=Duke blanks Tigers, 16–0|date=October 21, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 27 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1962 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | gamename = [[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]] | score = 21–14 | attend = 23,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-state-duke-comes-back-to-beat-wolfpa/139154928/|work=The State|title=Duke comes back to beat Wolfpack|date=October 28, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 3 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1962 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team|Georgia Tech]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | score = 9–20 | attend = 44,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-duke-convinced-by-lothri/133354385/|work=St. Petersburg Times|title=Duke convinced by Lothridge|date=November 4, 1962|accessdate=October 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 10 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1962 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Duke Stadium | site_cityst = Durham, NC | score = 10–7 | attend = 26,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-tribune-duke-tops-maryland-ter/139154976/|work=The Tampa Tribune|title=Duke tops Maryland Terps 10–7|date=November 11, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 17 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1962 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = [[Bowman Gray Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem, NC]] | gamename = [[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]] | score = 50–0 | attend = 12,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/johnson-city-press-duke-bounces-wake-for/139155063/|work=Johnson City Press-Chronicle|title=Duke bounces Wake Forest eleven, 50–0|date=November 18, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 24 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1962 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]] | site_stadium = [[Kenan Memorial Stadium|Kenan Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[Victory Bell (Duke–North Carolina)|Victory Bell]] | score = 16–14 | attend = 40,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-last-minute-win-to-duk/139155119/|work=The Baltimore Sun|title=Last-minute win to Duke|date=November 25, 1962|accessdate=January 20, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|rankyear=1962|poll=AP}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=1962 Duke Blue Devils |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/duke/1962-schedule.html |website=College Football at Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} r91cgxxsse68026obo4y8xmmqv2wclr 0 162378 888264 2026-07-27T20:00:39Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348583244|Kamarwet]]" 888264 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Kamarwet</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">Ya yi amfani da shi</span></span></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[List of cities and largest towns in Myanmar|Birni]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Kyaik-zel.jpg|250x250px]] |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fayil:Myanmar_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|525x525px|Kamarwet is located in Myanmar]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:64.296%;left:57.34%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Kamarwet]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Kamarwet</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Kamarwet Yanayin</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kamarwet&params=16.140896_N_97.734026_E_region:MM_type:city <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°08′27′′N</span> <span class="longitude">97°44′02′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.140896°N 97.734026°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.140896; 97.734026</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:6}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kamarwet&params=16.140896_N_97.734026_E_region:MM_type:city <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°08′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">97°44′02″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.140896°N 97.734026°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">16.140896; 97.734026</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Myanmar]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Jiha | class="infobox-data" |Yanayina |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar | class="infobox-data" |Gundumar Mawlamyine |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Garin | class="infobox-data" |Garin Mudon |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci | class="infobox-data" |UTC+6.30 (Myanmar Standard Time) |} '''Kamarwet''' wani gari ne da ke cikin karamar Gundumar Mawlamyine, Jihar [[Myanmar]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2015 |title=Mon State Place Codes |url=http://themimu.info/sites/themimu.info/files/documents/Myanmar_PCodes_Release-VIII_Aug2015_Mon.zip |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625091735/http://themimu.info/sites/themimu.info/files/documents/Myanmar_PCodes_Release-VIII_Aug2015_Mon.zip |archive-date=June 25, 2017 |access-date=March 15, 2017 |website=Myanmar Information Management Unit}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} iugrc4dto2pjef10jypfinc2wjrpvnb 0 162379 888265 2026-07-27T20:02:58Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365268770|Laestrygonians]]" 888265 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Laestrygonians_Hurling_Rocks_at_the_Fleet_of_Odysseus.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Kwamitin na huɗu na abin da ake kira "Odyssey Landscapes" zane-zane na bango daga Gidajen Tarihi na Vatican a Roma, 60-40 BC]] Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih A cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka, '''Laestrygonians''' /ˌlɛstrɪˈɡoʊniənz/ ko '''Laestrygones''' /lɛˈstrɪɡəˌniːz/ (Girkanci: ) ƙabilar manyan mutane ne. An ce sun fito ne daga Laestrygon, ɗan Poseidon. A cewar Thucydides (6.2.1.) da Polybius (1.2.9) Laestrygones sun zauna a kudu maso gabashin [[Sisiliya|Sicily]]; Pliny the Elder a cikin ''Tarihin Halitta'' ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D2 7.2]) ya sanya su "a tsakiyar duniya, a Italiya da Sicily". Sunan yana da alaƙa da na Lestriconi, reshe na Mutanen Corsi na arewa maso gabashin [[Sardiniya|Sardinia]] (yanzu Gallura). == Labaran Tarihi == Odysseus, babban hali na [[Homer]]'s ''Odyssey'', ya ziyarce su yayin tafiyarsa zuwa Itaca. "Sojojinsa, tare da jiragen ruwa goma sha biyu, sun isa 'garin dutse na Lamos: Telepylus, birnin Laestrygonians'. Giants sun ci yawancin mutanen Odysseus kuma sun lalata goma sha ɗaya daga cikin jiragensa goma sha biyu ta hanyar jefa duwatsu daga tsaunuka masu tsawo. Jirgin Odysseus bai lalace ba saboda an ɓoye shi a cikin wani kogi kusa da bakin teku. Kowane mutum a cikin jirgin Odysseus ya tsira daga lamarin. Ba a sake ambata Lamos ba, watakila ana fahimtarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa birnin ko sunan tsibirin da birnin yake. A cikin wannan ƙasar, mutumin da zai iya yin ba tare da barci ba zai iya samun albashi sau biyu; sau ɗaya a matsayin makiyayi da kuma wani a matsayin makiyaya, kamar yadda suke aiki da dare kamar yadda suke yi da rana. Jiragen ruwa sun shiga tashar jiragen ruwa da ke kewaye da tsaunuka masu tsawo, tare da ƙofar guda ɗaya tsakanin manyan wurare biyu. Shugabannin sun dauki jiragensu a ciki kuma sun sanya su kusa da juna, inda ya kasance cikin nutsuwa. Odysseus ya ajiye jirginsa a waje da tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda aka rataye a kan dutse. Ya hau dutse mai tsawo don mai bincike, amma bai ga komai ba sai hayaki yana tashi daga ƙasa. Ya aika da biyu daga cikin kamfaninsa da kuma mai kula da su don bincika mazauna. Mutanen sun bi hanya kuma daga ƙarshe sun sadu da wata budurwa a kan hanyarsu zuwa Maɓuɓɓugar Artakia don neman ruwa, wanda ya ce ita 'yar Antiphates ce ko Antiphatus, sarki, kuma ya jagoranta su gidansa. Koyaya, lokacin da suka isa can sun sami wata babbar mace, matar Antiphates wacce nan da nan ta kira mijinta, wanda nan da nan ya bar taron mutane kuma bayan isowa ya kwace daya daga cikin maza, ya kashe shi ya ci shi a wurin. Sauran maza biyu sun gudu, amma Antiphates ya yi kuka, don haka dubban Laestrygonians sun bi su, wadanda ko dai manyan ne ko manyan maza da mata. Sun jefa manyan duwatsu daga tsaunuka, sun ragargaza jiragen ruwa, kuma sun jefa maza kamar kifi. Odysseus ya tsere tare da jirginsa guda daya saboda bai makale a tashar jiragen ruwa ba; sauran kamfaninsa sun ɓace. Ma'aikatan da Ruwa tsira sun tafi kusa da Aeaea, tsibirin Circe. A cewar wata al'ada, Laestrygonians sun sha wahala sosai a hannun Heracles yayin da ya dawo tare da shanu na Geryon. Lokacin da suka shiga yaƙi, Heracles ya kashe mafi yawansu, ya bar ƙananan waɗanda suka tsira. Wasu tsoffin hukumomi sun ci gaba da cewa mazaunan Leontini a [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] daga baya sun zauna yankin da Homer ya gano a matsayin Laestrygonia . A cewar masanin tarihi Angelo Paratico, Laestrygonians sun kasance sakamakon wani labari wanda ya samo asali ne daga ganin Giants na Mont'e Prama, wanda aka tono kwanan nan a Sardinia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2021 |title=Are the giants of Mount Prama Odyssey's Laestrygonians? |url=https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103163427/https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |archive-date=3 January 2021 |access-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Daga baya Helenawa sun yi imanin cewa Laestrygonians, da kuma Cyclops, sun taɓa zama a Sicily. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery mode="packed" heights="190px"> Fayil:OdysseyAntiphates.png|[[Illustration]] by John Flaxman for the Odyssey, 1810 Fayil:Römischer_Meister_um_125_v._Chr._001.jpg|Fresco from Rome, c. 125 BC, from the "House of via Graziosa" Fayil:Laestrygonians_II.JPG|''Adventures of Laestrygones'', fresco from the Esquiline Hill, Rome </gallery> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} drovojb2ajqg42b8uvwtexjic0jlqam 888266 888265 2026-07-27T20:03:41Z Aluja 30485 888266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Laestrygonians_Hurling_Rocks_at_the_Fleet_of_Odysseus.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Kwamitin na huɗu na abin da ake kira "Odyssey Landscapes" zane-zane na bango daga Gidajen Tarihi na Vatican a Roma, 60-40 BC]] A cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka, '''Laestrygonians''' /ˌlɛstrɪˈɡoʊniənz/ ko '''Laestrygones''' /lɛˈstrɪɡəˌniːz/ (Girkanci: ) ƙabilar manyan mutane ne. An ce sun fito ne daga Laestrygon, ɗan Poseidon. A cewar Thucydides (6.2.1.) da Polybius (1.2.9) Laestrygones sun zauna a kudu maso gabashin [[Sisiliya|Sicily]]; Pliny the Elder a cikin ''Tarihin Halitta'' ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D2 7.2]) ya sanya su "a tsakiyar duniya, a Italiya da Sicily". Sunan yana da alaƙa da na Lestriconi, reshe na Mutanen Corsi na arewa maso gabashin [[Sardiniya|Sardinia]] (yanzu Gallura). == Labaran Tarihi == Odysseus, babban hali na [[Homer]]'s ''Odyssey'', ya ziyarce su yayin tafiyarsa zuwa Itaca. "Sojojinsa, tare da jiragen ruwa goma sha biyu, sun isa 'garin dutse na Lamos: Telepylus, birnin Laestrygonians'. Giants sun ci yawancin mutanen Odysseus kuma sun lalata goma sha ɗaya daga cikin jiragensa goma sha biyu ta hanyar jefa duwatsu daga tsaunuka masu tsawo. Jirgin Odysseus bai lalace ba saboda an ɓoye shi a cikin wani kogi kusa da bakin teku. Kowane mutum a cikin jirgin Odysseus ya tsira daga lamarin. Ba a sake ambata Lamos ba, watakila ana fahimtarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa birnin ko sunan tsibirin da birnin yake. A cikin wannan ƙasar, mutumin da zai iya yin ba tare da barci ba zai iya samun albashi sau biyu; sau ɗaya a matsayin makiyayi da kuma wani a matsayin makiyaya, kamar yadda suke aiki da dare kamar yadda suke yi da rana. Jiragen ruwa sun shiga tashar jiragen ruwa da ke kewaye da tsaunuka masu tsawo, tare da ƙofar guda ɗaya tsakanin manyan wurare biyu. Shugabannin sun dauki jiragensu a ciki kuma sun sanya su kusa da juna, inda ya kasance cikin nutsuwa. Odysseus ya ajiye jirginsa a waje da tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda aka rataye a kan dutse. Ya hau dutse mai tsawo don mai bincike, amma bai ga komai ba sai hayaki yana tashi daga ƙasa. Ya aika da biyu daga cikin kamfaninsa da kuma mai kula da su don bincika mazauna. Mutanen sun bi hanya kuma daga ƙarshe sun sadu da wata budurwa a kan hanyarsu zuwa Maɓuɓɓugar Artakia don neman ruwa, wanda ya ce ita 'yar Antiphates ce ko Antiphatus, sarki, kuma ya jagoranta su gidansa. Koyaya, lokacin da suka isa can sun sami wata babbar mace, matar Antiphates wacce nan da nan ta kira mijinta, wanda nan da nan ya bar taron mutane kuma bayan isowa ya kwace daya daga cikin maza, ya kashe shi ya ci shi a wurin. Sauran maza biyu sun gudu, amma Antiphates ya yi kuka, don haka dubban Laestrygonians sun bi su, wadanda ko dai manyan ne ko manyan maza da mata. Sun jefa manyan duwatsu daga tsaunuka, sun ragargaza jiragen ruwa, kuma sun jefa maza kamar kifi. Odysseus ya tsere tare da jirginsa guda daya saboda bai makale a tashar jiragen ruwa ba; sauran kamfaninsa sun ɓace. Ma'aikatan da Ruwa tsira sun tafi kusa da Aeaea, tsibirin Circe. A cewar wata al'ada, Laestrygonians sun sha wahala sosai a hannun Heracles yayin da ya dawo tare da shanu na Geryon. Lokacin da suka shiga yaƙi, Heracles ya kashe mafi yawansu, ya bar ƙananan waɗanda suka tsira. Wasu tsoffin hukumomi sun ci gaba da cewa mazaunan Leontini a [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] daga baya sun zauna yankin da Homer ya gano a matsayin Laestrygonia . A cewar masanin tarihi Angelo Paratico, Laestrygonians sun kasance sakamakon wani labari wanda ya samo asali ne daga ganin Giants na Mont'e Prama, wanda aka tono kwanan nan a Sardinia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2021 |title=Are the giants of Mount Prama Odyssey's Laestrygonians? |url=https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103163427/https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |archive-date=3 January 2021 |access-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Daga baya Helenawa sun yi imanin cewa Laestrygonians, da kuma Cyclops, sun taɓa zama a Sicily. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery mode="packed" heights="190px"> Fayil:OdysseyAntiphates.png|[[Illustration]] by John Flaxman for the Odyssey, 1810 Fayil:Römischer_Meister_um_125_v._Chr._001.jpg|Fresco from Rome, c. 125 BC, from the "House of via Graziosa" Fayil:Laestrygonians_II.JPG|''Adventures of Laestrygones'', fresco from the Esquiline Hill, Rome </gallery> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} svw4um1egc2b5zbnq8ccz7zs9w9l39t 888267 888266 2026-07-27T20:04:03Z Aluja 30485 888267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Laestrygonians_Hurling_Rocks_at_the_Fleet_of_Odysseus.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Kwamitin na huɗu na abin da ake kira "Odyssey Landscapes" zane-zane na bango daga Gidajen Tarihi na Vatican a Roma, 60-40 BC]] A cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka, '''Laestrygonians''' /ˌlɛstrɪˈɡoʊniənz/ ko '''Laestrygones''' /lɛˈstrɪɡəˌniːz/ (Girkanci: ) ƙabilar manyan mutane ne. An ce sun fito ne daga Laestrygon, ɗan Poseidon. A cewar Thucydides (6.2.1.) da Polybius (1.2.9) Laestrygones sun zauna a kudu maso gabashin [[Sisiliya|Sicily]]; Pliny the Elder a cikin ''Tarihin Halitta'' ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D2 7.2]) ya sanya su "a tsakiyar duniya, a Italiya da Sicily". Sunan yana da alaƙa da na Lestriconi, reshe na Mutanen Corsi na arewa maso gabashin [[Sardiniya|Sardinia]] (yanzu Gallura). == Labaran Tarihi == Odysseus, babban hali na [[Homer]]'s ''Odyssey'', ya ziyarce su yayin tafiyarsa zuwa Itaca. "Sojojinsa, tare da jiragen ruwa goma sha biyu, sun isa 'garin dutse na Lamos: Telepylus, birnin Laestrygonians'. Giants sun ci yawancin mutanen Odysseus kuma sun lalata goma sha ɗaya daga cikin jiragensa goma sha biyu ta hanyar jefa duwatsu daga tsaunuka masu tsawo. Jirgin Odysseus bai lalace ba saboda an ɓoye shi a cikin wani kogi kusa da bakin teku. Kowane mutum a cikin jirgin Odysseus ya tsira daga lamarin. Ba a sake ambata Lamos ba, watakila ana fahimtarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa birnin ko sunan tsibirin da birnin yake. A cikin wannan ƙasar, mutumin da zai iya yin ba tare da barci ba zai iya samun albashi sau biyu; sau ɗaya a matsayin makiyayi da kuma wani a matsayin makiyaya, kamar yadda suke aiki da dare kamar yadda suke yi da rana. Jiragen ruwa sun shiga tashar jiragen ruwa da ke kewaye da tsaunuka masu tsawo, tare da ƙofar guda ɗaya tsakanin manyan wurare biyu. Shugabannin sun dauki jiragensu a ciki kuma sun sanya su kusa da juna, inda ya kasance cikin nutsuwa. Odysseus ya ajiye jirginsa a waje da tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda aka rataye a kan dutse. Ya hau dutse mai tsawo don mai bincike, amma bai ga komai ba sai hayaki yana tashi daga ƙasa. Ya aika da biyu daga cikin kamfaninsa da kuma mai kula da su don bincika mazauna. Mutanen sun bi hanya kuma daga ƙarshe sun sadu da wata budurwa a kan hanyarsu zuwa Maɓuɓɓugar Artakia don neman ruwa, wanda ya ce ita 'yar Antiphates ce ko Antiphatus, sarki, kuma ya jagoranta su gidansa. Koyaya, lokacin da suka isa can sun sami wata babbar mace, matar Antiphates wacce nan da nan ta kira mijinta, wanda nan da nan ya bar taron mutane kuma bayan isowa ya kwace daya daga cikin maza, ya kashe shi ya ci shi a wurin. Sauran maza biyu sun gudu, amma Antiphates ya yi kuka, don haka dubban Laestrygonians sun bi su, wadanda ko dai manyan ne ko manyan maza da mata. Sun jefa manyan duwatsu daga tsaunuka, sun ragargaza jiragen ruwa, kuma sun jefa maza kamar kifi. Odysseus ya tsere tare da jirginsa guda daya saboda bai makale a tashar jiragen ruwa ba; sauran kamfaninsa sun ɓace. Ma'aikatan da Ruwa tsira sun tafi kusa da Aeaea, tsibirin Circe. A cewar wata al'ada, Laestrygonians sun sha wahala sosai a hannun Heracles yayin da ya dawo tare da shanu na Geryon. Lokacin da suka shiga yaƙi, Heracles ya kashe mafi yawansu, ya bar ƙananan waɗanda suka tsira. Wasu tsoffin hukumomi sun ci gaba da cewa mazaunan Leontini a [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] daga baya sun zauna yankin da Homer ya gano a matsayin Laestrygonia . A cewar masanin tarihi Angelo Paratico, Laestrygonians sun kasance sakamakon wani labari wanda ya samo asali ne daga ganin Giants na Mont'e Prama, wanda aka tono kwanan nan a Sardinia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2021 |title=Are the giants of Mount Prama Odyssey's Laestrygonians? |url=https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103163427/https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |archive-date=3 January 2021 |access-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Daga baya Helenawa sun yi imanin cewa Laestrygonians, da kuma Cyclops, sun taɓa zama a Sicily. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery mode="packed" heights="190px"> Fayil:OdysseyAntiphates.png|[[Illustration]] by John Flaxman for the Odyssey, 1810 Fayil:Römischer_Meister_um_125_v._Chr._001.jpg|Fresco from Rome, c. 125 BC, from the "House of via Graziosa" Fayil:Laestrygonians_II.JPG|''Adventures of Laestrygones'', fresco from the Esquiline Hill, Rome </gallery> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} 73hh9pphselymk7geccq1nffep447el 888268 888267 2026-07-27T20:07:45Z Aluja 30485 888268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Laestrygonians_Hurling_Rocks_at_the_Fleet_of_Odysseus.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Kwamitin na huɗu na abin da ake kira "Odyssey Landscapes" zane-zane na bango daga Gidajen Tarihi na Vatican a Roma, 60-40 BC]] A cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka, '''Laestrygonians''' /ˌlɛstrɪˈɡoʊniənz/ ko '''Laestrygones''' /lɛˈstrɪɡəˌniːz/ (Girkanci: )<ref>Also ''Lestrygonians'' or ''Lestrygones'' or ''Lestrigens''</ref> ƙabilar manyan mutane ne. An ce sun fito ne daga Laestrygon, ɗan Poseidon. A cewar Thucydides (6.2.1.) da Polybius (1.2.9) Laestrygones sun zauna a kudu maso gabashin [[Sisiliya|Sicily]]; Pliny the Elder a cikin ''Tarihin Halitta'' ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D2 7.2]) ya sanya su "a tsakiyar duniya, a Italiya da Sicily". Sunan yana da alaƙa da na Lestriconi, reshe na Mutanen Corsi na arewa maso gabashin [[Sardiniya|Sardinia]] (yanzu Gallura). == Labaran Tarihi == Odysseus, babban hali na [[Homer]]'s ''Odyssey'', ya ziyarce su yayin tafiyarsa zuwa Itaca. "Sojojinsa, tare da jiragen ruwa goma sha biyu, sun isa 'garin dutse na Lamos: Telepylus, birnin Laestrygonians'. Giants sun ci yawancin mutanen Odysseus kuma sun lalata goma sha ɗaya daga cikin jiragensa goma sha biyu ta hanyar jefa duwatsu daga tsaunuka masu tsawo. Jirgin Odysseus bai lalace ba saboda an ɓoye shi a cikin wani kogi kusa da bakin teku. Kowane mutum a cikin jirgin Odysseus ya tsira daga lamarin. Ba a sake ambata Lamos ba, watakila ana fahimtarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa birnin ko sunan tsibirin da birnin yake. A cikin wannan ƙasar, mutumin da zai iya yin ba tare da barci ba zai iya samun albashi sau biyu; sau ɗaya a matsayin makiyayi da kuma wani a matsayin makiyaya, kamar yadda suke aiki da dare kamar yadda suke yi da rana. Jiragen ruwa sun shiga tashar jiragen ruwa da ke kewaye da tsaunuka masu tsawo, tare da ƙofar guda ɗaya tsakanin manyan wurare biyu. Shugabannin sun dauki jiragensu a ciki kuma sun sanya su kusa da juna, inda ya kasance cikin nutsuwa. Odysseus ya ajiye jirginsa a waje da tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda aka rataye a kan dutse. Ya hau dutse mai tsawo don mai bincike, amma bai ga komai ba sai hayaki yana tashi daga ƙasa. Ya aika da biyu daga cikin kamfaninsa da kuma mai kula da su don bincika mazauna. Mutanen sun bi hanya kuma daga ƙarshe sun sadu da wata budurwa a kan hanyarsu zuwa Maɓuɓɓugar Artakia don neman ruwa, wanda ya ce ita 'yar Antiphates ce ko Antiphatus, sarki, kuma ya jagoranta su gidansa. Koyaya, lokacin da suka isa can sun sami wata babbar mace, matar Antiphates wacce nan da nan ta kira mijinta, wanda nan da nan ya bar taron mutane kuma bayan isowa ya kwace daya daga cikin maza, ya kashe shi ya ci shi a wurin. Sauran maza biyu sun gudu, amma Antiphates ya yi kuka, don haka dubban Laestrygonians sun bi su, wadanda ko dai manyan ne ko manyan maza da mata. Sun jefa manyan duwatsu daga tsaunuka, sun ragargaza jiragen ruwa, kuma sun jefa maza kamar kifi. Odysseus ya tsere tare da jirginsa guda daya saboda bai makale a tashar jiragen ruwa ba; sauran kamfaninsa sun ɓace. Ma'aikatan da Ruwa tsira sun tafi kusa da Aeaea, tsibirin Circe. A cewar wata al'ada, Laestrygonians sun sha wahala sosai a hannun Heracles yayin da ya dawo tare da shanu na Geryon. Lokacin da suka shiga yaƙi, Heracles ya kashe mafi yawansu, ya bar ƙananan waɗanda suka tsira. Wasu tsoffin hukumomi sun ci gaba da cewa mazaunan Leontini a [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] daga baya sun zauna yankin da Homer ya gano a matsayin Laestrygonia . A cewar masanin tarihi Angelo Paratico, Laestrygonians sun kasance sakamakon wani labari wanda ya samo asali ne daga ganin Giants na Mont'e Prama, wanda aka tono kwanan nan a Sardinia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2021 |title=Are the giants of Mount Prama Odyssey's Laestrygonians? |url=https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103163427/https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |archive-date=3 January 2021 |access-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Daga baya Helenawa sun yi imanin cewa Laestrygonians, da kuma Cyclops, sun taɓa zama a Sicily. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery mode="packed" heights="190px"> Fayil:OdysseyAntiphates.png|[[Illustration]] by John Flaxman for the Odyssey, 1810 Fayil:Römischer_Meister_um_125_v._Chr._001.jpg|Fresco from Rome, c. 125 BC, from the "House of via Graziosa" Fayil:Laestrygonians_II.JPG|''Adventures of Laestrygones'', fresco from the Esquiline Hill, Rome </gallery> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} 50d5hwrp2nvzhbphkiut8b5licb0u1w 888269 888268 2026-07-27T20:09:47Z Aluja 30485 888269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Laestrygonians_Hurling_Rocks_at_the_Fleet_of_Odysseus.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Kwamitin na huɗu na abin da ake kira "Odyssey Landscapes" zane-zane na bango daga Gidajen Tarihi na Vatican a Roma, 60-40 BC]] A cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka, '''Laestrygonians''' /ˌlɛstrɪˈɡoʊniənz/ ko '''Laestrygones''' /lɛˈstrɪɡəˌniːz/ (Girkanci: )<ref>Also ''Lestrygonians'' or ''Lestrygones'' or ''Lestrigens''</ref> ƙabilar manyan mutane ne. An ce sun fito ne daga Laestrygon, ɗan Poseidon.<ref name=":0">[[Hesiod]], ''[[Catalogue of Women|Ehoiai]]'' fr. 40a as cited in ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri]]'' 1358 fr. 2</ref> A cewar Thucydides (6.2.1.) da Polybius (1.2.9) Laestrygones sun zauna a kudu maso gabashin [[Sisiliya|Sicily]]; Pliny the Elder a cikin ''Tarihin Halitta'' ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D2 7.2]) ya sanya su "a tsakiyar duniya, a Italiya da Sicily". Sunan yana da alaƙa da na Lestriconi, reshe na Mutanen Corsi na arewa maso gabashin [[Sardiniya|Sardinia]] (yanzu Gallura). == Labaran Tarihi == Odysseus, babban hali na [[Homer]]'s ''Odyssey'', ya ziyarce su yayin tafiyarsa zuwa Itaca. "Sojojinsa, tare da jiragen ruwa goma sha biyu, sun isa 'garin dutse na Lamos: Telepylus, birnin Laestrygonians'. Giants sun ci yawancin mutanen Odysseus kuma sun lalata goma sha ɗaya daga cikin jiragensa goma sha biyu ta hanyar jefa duwatsu daga tsaunuka masu tsawo. Jirgin Odysseus bai lalace ba saboda an ɓoye shi a cikin wani kogi kusa da bakin teku. Kowane mutum a cikin jirgin Odysseus ya tsira daga lamarin. Ba a sake ambata Lamos ba, watakila ana fahimtarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa birnin ko sunan tsibirin da birnin yake. A cikin wannan ƙasar, mutumin da zai iya yin ba tare da barci ba zai iya samun albashi sau biyu; sau ɗaya a matsayin makiyayi da kuma wani a matsayin makiyaya, kamar yadda suke aiki da dare kamar yadda suke yi da rana. Jiragen ruwa sun shiga tashar jiragen ruwa da ke kewaye da tsaunuka masu tsawo, tare da ƙofar guda ɗaya tsakanin manyan wurare biyu. Shugabannin sun dauki jiragensu a ciki kuma sun sanya su kusa da juna, inda ya kasance cikin nutsuwa. Odysseus ya ajiye jirginsa a waje da tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda aka rataye a kan dutse. Ya hau dutse mai tsawo don mai bincike, amma bai ga komai ba sai hayaki yana tashi daga ƙasa. Ya aika da biyu daga cikin kamfaninsa da kuma mai kula da su don bincika mazauna. Mutanen sun bi hanya kuma daga ƙarshe sun sadu da wata budurwa a kan hanyarsu zuwa Maɓuɓɓugar Artakia don neman ruwa, wanda ya ce ita 'yar Antiphates ce ko Antiphatus, sarki, kuma ya jagoranta su gidansa. Koyaya, lokacin da suka isa can sun sami wata babbar mace, matar Antiphates wacce nan da nan ta kira mijinta, wanda nan da nan ya bar taron mutane kuma bayan isowa ya kwace daya daga cikin maza, ya kashe shi ya ci shi a wurin. Sauran maza biyu sun gudu, amma Antiphates ya yi kuka, don haka dubban Laestrygonians sun bi su, wadanda ko dai manyan ne ko manyan maza da mata. Sun jefa manyan duwatsu daga tsaunuka, sun ragargaza jiragen ruwa, kuma sun jefa maza kamar kifi. Odysseus ya tsere tare da jirginsa guda daya saboda bai makale a tashar jiragen ruwa ba; sauran kamfaninsa sun ɓace. Ma'aikatan da Ruwa tsira sun tafi kusa da Aeaea, tsibirin Circe. A cewar wata al'ada, Laestrygonians sun sha wahala sosai a hannun Heracles yayin da ya dawo tare da shanu na Geryon. Lokacin da suka shiga yaƙi, Heracles ya kashe mafi yawansu, ya bar ƙananan waɗanda suka tsira. Wasu tsoffin hukumomi sun ci gaba da cewa mazaunan Leontini a [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] daga baya sun zauna yankin da Homer ya gano a matsayin Laestrygonia . A cewar masanin tarihi Angelo Paratico, Laestrygonians sun kasance sakamakon wani labari wanda ya samo asali ne daga ganin Giants na Mont'e Prama, wanda aka tono kwanan nan a Sardinia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2021 |title=Are the giants of Mount Prama Odyssey's Laestrygonians? |url=https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103163427/https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |archive-date=3 January 2021 |access-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Daga baya Helenawa sun yi imanin cewa Laestrygonians, da kuma Cyclops, sun taɓa zama a Sicily. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery mode="packed" heights="190px"> Fayil:OdysseyAntiphates.png|[[Illustration]] by John Flaxman for the Odyssey, 1810 Fayil:Römischer_Meister_um_125_v._Chr._001.jpg|Fresco from Rome, c. 125 BC, from the "House of via Graziosa" Fayil:Laestrygonians_II.JPG|''Adventures of Laestrygones'', fresco from the Esquiline Hill, Rome </gallery> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} 9rfretnrd2n6wyj128t2scenkxqg4s5 888270 888269 2026-07-27T20:11:01Z Aluja 30485 888270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Laestrygonians_Hurling_Rocks_at_the_Fleet_of_Odysseus.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Kwamitin na huɗu na abin da ake kira "Odyssey Landscapes" zane-zane na bango daga Gidajen Tarihi na Vatican a Roma, 60-40 BC]] A cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka, '''Laestrygonians''' /ˌlɛstrɪˈɡoʊniənz/ ko '''Laestrygones''' /lɛˈstrɪɡəˌniːz/ (Girkanci: )<ref>Also ''Lestrygonians'' or ''Lestrygones'' or ''Lestrigens''</ref> ƙabilar manyan mutane ne. An ce sun fito ne daga Laestrygon, ɗan Poseidon.<ref name=":0">[[Hesiod]], ''[[Catalogue of Women|Ehoiai]]'' fr. 40a as cited in ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri]]'' 1358 fr. 2</ref> A cewar Thucydides (6.2.1.) da Polybius (1.2.9) Laestrygones sun zauna a kudu maso gabashin [[Sisiliya|Sicily]]; Pliny the Elder a cikin ''Tarihin Halitta'' ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D2 7.2]) ya sanya su "a tsakiyar duniya, a Italiya da Sicily".<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], [[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D7%3Achapter%3D2 7.2]</ref> Sunan yana da alaƙa da na Lestriconi, reshe na Mutanen Corsi na arewa maso gabashin [[Sardiniya|Sardinia]] (yanzu Gallura). == Labaran Tarihi == Odysseus, babban hali na [[Homer]]'s ''Odyssey'', ya ziyarce su yayin tafiyarsa zuwa Itaca. "Sojojinsa, tare da jiragen ruwa goma sha biyu, sun isa 'garin dutse na Lamos: Telepylus, birnin Laestrygonians'. Giants sun ci yawancin mutanen Odysseus kuma sun lalata goma sha ɗaya daga cikin jiragensa goma sha biyu ta hanyar jefa duwatsu daga tsaunuka masu tsawo. Jirgin Odysseus bai lalace ba saboda an ɓoye shi a cikin wani kogi kusa da bakin teku. Kowane mutum a cikin jirgin Odysseus ya tsira daga lamarin. Ba a sake ambata Lamos ba, watakila ana fahimtarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa birnin ko sunan tsibirin da birnin yake. A cikin wannan ƙasar, mutumin da zai iya yin ba tare da barci ba zai iya samun albashi sau biyu; sau ɗaya a matsayin makiyayi da kuma wani a matsayin makiyaya, kamar yadda suke aiki da dare kamar yadda suke yi da rana. Jiragen ruwa sun shiga tashar jiragen ruwa da ke kewaye da tsaunuka masu tsawo, tare da ƙofar guda ɗaya tsakanin manyan wurare biyu. Shugabannin sun dauki jiragensu a ciki kuma sun sanya su kusa da juna, inda ya kasance cikin nutsuwa. Odysseus ya ajiye jirginsa a waje da tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda aka rataye a kan dutse. Ya hau dutse mai tsawo don mai bincike, amma bai ga komai ba sai hayaki yana tashi daga ƙasa. Ya aika da biyu daga cikin kamfaninsa da kuma mai kula da su don bincika mazauna. Mutanen sun bi hanya kuma daga ƙarshe sun sadu da wata budurwa a kan hanyarsu zuwa Maɓuɓɓugar Artakia don neman ruwa, wanda ya ce ita 'yar Antiphates ce ko Antiphatus, sarki, kuma ya jagoranta su gidansa. Koyaya, lokacin da suka isa can sun sami wata babbar mace, matar Antiphates wacce nan da nan ta kira mijinta, wanda nan da nan ya bar taron mutane kuma bayan isowa ya kwace daya daga cikin maza, ya kashe shi ya ci shi a wurin. Sauran maza biyu sun gudu, amma Antiphates ya yi kuka, don haka dubban Laestrygonians sun bi su, wadanda ko dai manyan ne ko manyan maza da mata. Sun jefa manyan duwatsu daga tsaunuka, sun ragargaza jiragen ruwa, kuma sun jefa maza kamar kifi. Odysseus ya tsere tare da jirginsa guda daya saboda bai makale a tashar jiragen ruwa ba; sauran kamfaninsa sun ɓace. Ma'aikatan da Ruwa tsira sun tafi kusa da Aeaea, tsibirin Circe. A cewar wata al'ada, Laestrygonians sun sha wahala sosai a hannun Heracles yayin da ya dawo tare da shanu na Geryon. Lokacin da suka shiga yaƙi, Heracles ya kashe mafi yawansu, ya bar ƙananan waɗanda suka tsira. Wasu tsoffin hukumomi sun ci gaba da cewa mazaunan Leontini a [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] daga baya sun zauna yankin da Homer ya gano a matsayin Laestrygonia . A cewar masanin tarihi Angelo Paratico, Laestrygonians sun kasance sakamakon wani labari wanda ya samo asali ne daga ganin Giants na Mont'e Prama, wanda aka tono kwanan nan a Sardinia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2021 |title=Are the giants of Mount Prama Odyssey's Laestrygonians? |url=https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103163427/https://www.gingkoedizioni.it/are-the-giants-of-mount-prama-odysseys-laestrygonians/ |archive-date=3 January 2021 |access-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Daga baya Helenawa sun yi imanin cewa Laestrygonians, da kuma Cyclops, sun taɓa zama a Sicily. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery mode="packed" heights="190px"> Fayil:OdysseyAntiphates.png|[[Illustration]] by John Flaxman for the Odyssey, 1810 Fayil:Römischer_Meister_um_125_v._Chr._001.jpg|Fresco from Rome, c. 125 BC, from the "House of via Graziosa" Fayil:Laestrygonians_II.JPG|''Adventures of Laestrygones'', fresco from the Esquiline Hill, Rome </gallery> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} p8rfm3d3ywbxbchzc4hh4szr1p4twnh 0 162380 888271 2026-07-27T20:15:30Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341044865|1982 South Carolina State Bulldogs football team]]" 888271 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Jihar Carolina ta Kudu ta 1982 ta wakilci Kwalejin Jihar Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Jihar Carolina) a matsayin memba na Taron Wasanni na Gabas ta Tsakiya (MEAC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta NCAA Division I-AA ta 1982. A karkashin jagorancin kocin shekara ta huɗu Bill Davis, Bulldogs sun tara rikodin 9-3 da alamar 4-1 a wasan taro, kuma sun gama a matsayin zakaran MEAC. A ƙarshen kakar, an kuma san Bulldogs a matsayin zakaran kwalejin baƙar fata na kasa. == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 4 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1982 Eastern Kentucky Colonels football team|Eastern Kentucky]] | site_stadium = [[Oliver C. Dawson Stadium|State College Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Orangeburg, South Carolina|Orangeburg, SC]] | score = 19–20 | attend = 11,008 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122464872/lovetts-shot-from-rough-gives-eastern-2/|title=Lovett's shot from rough gives Eastern 20–19 win|newspaper=The Courier-Journal|date=September 5, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 11 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1982 Delaware State Hornets football team|Delaware State]] | site_stadium = [[Alumni Stadium (Delaware State)|Alumni Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Dover, Delaware|Dover, DE]] | score = 7–17 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465286/delstate-surprises-sc-state/|title=DelState surprises S.C. State|newspaper=The Morning News|date=September 12, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 18 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1982 North Carolina A&T Aggies football team|North Carolina A&T]] | site_stadium = [[Truist Stadium (North Carolina A&T)|Aggie Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] | score = 27–6 | attend = 11,500 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465515/sc-state-rambles-past-at/|title=S.C. State rambles past A&T|newspaper=The Charlotte Observer|date=September 19, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 25 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1982 Howard Bison football team|Howard]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 50–0 | attend = 9,841 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465708/graves-opportunistic-defense-pace-bulld/|title=Graves, opportunistic defense pace Bulldogs 50–0|newspaper=The State|date=September 26, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1982 Alcorn State Braves football team|Alcorn State]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 20–0 | attend = 8,320 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465909/sc-state-rolls-over-alcorn-state-200/|title=S.C. State rolls over Alcorn State 20–0|newspaper=The State|date=October 3, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = {{cfb link|year=1982|team=Johnson C. Smith Golden Bulls|title=Johnson C. Smith}} | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 21–6 | attend = 14,000 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466076/smith-gets-some-satisfaction-despite-los/|title=Smith gets some satisfaction despite loss to S.C. State|newspaper=The Charlotte Observer|date=October 10, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1982 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 24–7 | attend = 6,027 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109091756/state-gives-davidson-a-meac-lesson/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=State gives Davidson a MEAC lesson|date=October 17, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 23 | w/l = w | rank = 14 | opponent = [[1982 Florida A&M Rattlers football team|Florida A&M]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 21–19 | attend = 11,654 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466414/failure-on-fourth-down-sends-rattlers-tu/|title=Failure on fourth down sends Rattlers tumbling|newspaper=The Tampa Tribune|date=October 24, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | rank = 9 | opponent = {{cfb link|year=1982|team=Morris Brown Wolverines|title=Morris Brown}} | site_stadium = [[Herndon Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] | score = 45–19 | attend = 6,000 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466657/wolverines-bow-4519-to-sc-state/|title=Wolverines bow 45–19 to S.C. State|newspaper=The Atlanta Constitution|date=October 31, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 6 | w/l = w | neutral = y | nonconf = y | rank = 8 | opponent = [[1982 Bethune–Cookman Wildcats football team|Bethune–Cookman]] | site_stadium = [[Camping World Stadium|Orlando Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando, FL]] | score = 27–6 | attend = 30,023 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466916/sc-state-stops-bethune-276-to-lock-up/|title=S.C. State stops Bethune 27–6 to lock up title|newspaper=Tallahassee Democrat|date=November 7, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 27 | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | rank = 7 | opponent = [[1982 Furman Paladins football team|Furman]] | opprank = 6 | site_stadium = [[Paladin Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville, SC]] | gamename = [[1982 NCAA Division I-AA football season#Postseason|NCAA Division I-AA First Round]] | score = 17–0 | attend = 13,865 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89806083/sc-states-stout-defense-manhandles-fu/|work=The State|title=S.C. State's stout defense manhandles Furman 17–0|date=November 28, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = December 4 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | rank = 7 | opponent = [[1982 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team|Louisiana Tech]] | opprank = 2 | site_stadium = [[Joe Aillet Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Ruston, Louisiana|Ruston, LA]] | gamename = NCAA Division I-AA Quarterfinal | score = 3–38 | attend = 13,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80672764/scsc-falls-to-determined-la-tech/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=SCSC falls to determined La. Tech|date=December 5, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|rankyear=1982|rankdivision=NCAA Division I-AA|poll=NCAA Division I-AA Football Committee}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=NCAA Statistics; Schedule & Results (South Carolina State) |url=https://stats.ncaa.org/teams/132749 |access-date=November 9, 2024 |publisher=[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} i6w6qvmkn3o0izk4q3mcu72xoswquav 888272 888271 2026-07-27T20:16:04Z Aluja 30485 888272 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Jihar Carolina ta Kudu ta 1982 ta wakilci Kwalejin Jihar Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Jihar Carolina) a matsayin memba na Taron Wasanni na Gabas ta Tsakiya (MEAC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta NCAA Division I-AA ta 1982. A karkashin jagorancin kocin shekara ta huɗu Bill Davis, Bulldogs sun tara rikodin 9-3 da alamar 4-1 a wasan taro, kuma sun gama a matsayin zakaran MEAC. A ƙarshen kakar, an kuma san Bulldogs a matsayin zakaran kwalejin baƙar fata na kasa. == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 4 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1982 Eastern Kentucky Colonels football team|Eastern Kentucky]] | site_stadium = [[Oliver C. Dawson Stadium|State College Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Orangeburg, South Carolina|Orangeburg, SC]] | score = 19–20 | attend = 11,008 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122464872/lovetts-shot-from-rough-gives-eastern-2/|title=Lovett's shot from rough gives Eastern 20–19 win|newspaper=The Courier-Journal|date=September 5, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 11 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1982 Delaware State Hornets football team|Delaware State]] | site_stadium = [[Alumni Stadium (Delaware State)|Alumni Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Dover, Delaware|Dover, DE]] | score = 7–17 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465286/delstate-surprises-sc-state/|title=DelState surprises S.C. State|newspaper=The Morning News|date=September 12, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 18 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1982 North Carolina A&T Aggies football team|North Carolina A&T]] | site_stadium = [[Truist Stadium (North Carolina A&T)|Aggie Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] | score = 27–6 | attend = 11,500 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465515/sc-state-rambles-past-at/|title=S.C. State rambles past A&T|newspaper=The Charlotte Observer|date=September 19, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 25 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1982 Howard Bison football team|Howard]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 50–0 | attend = 9,841 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465708/graves-opportunistic-defense-pace-bulld/|title=Graves, opportunistic defense pace Bulldogs 50–0|newspaper=The State|date=September 26, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1982 Alcorn State Braves football team|Alcorn State]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 20–0 | attend = 8,320 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465909/sc-state-rolls-over-alcorn-state-200/|title=S.C. State rolls over Alcorn State 20–0|newspaper=The State|date=October 3, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = {{cfb link|year=1982|team=Johnson C. Smith Golden Bulls|title=Johnson C. Smith}} | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 21–6 | attend = 14,000 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466076/smith-gets-some-satisfaction-despite-los/|title=Smith gets some satisfaction despite loss to S.C. State|newspaper=The Charlotte Observer|date=October 10, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1982 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 24–7 | attend = 6,027 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109091756/state-gives-davidson-a-meac-lesson/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=State gives Davidson a MEAC lesson|date=October 17, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 23 | w/l = w | rank = 14 | opponent = [[1982 Florida A&M Rattlers football team|Florida A&M]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 21–19 | attend = 11,654 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466414/failure-on-fourth-down-sends-rattlers-tu/|title=Failure on fourth down sends Rattlers tumbling|newspaper=The Tampa Tribune|date=October 24, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | rank = 9 | opponent = {{cfb link|year=1982|team=Morris Brown Wolverines|title=Morris Brown}} | site_stadium = [[Herndon Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] | score = 45–19 | attend = 6,000 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466657/wolverines-bow-4519-to-sc-state/|title=Wolverines bow 45–19 to S.C. State|newspaper=The Atlanta Constitution|date=October 31, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 6 | w/l = w | neutral = y | nonconf = y | rank = 8 | opponent = [[1982 Bethune–Cookman Wildcats football team|Bethune–Cookman]] | site_stadium = [[Camping World Stadium|Orlando Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando, FL]] | score = 27–6 | attend = 30,023 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466916/sc-state-stops-bethune-276-to-lock-up/|title=S.C. State stops Bethune 27–6 to lock up title|newspaper=Tallahassee Democrat|date=November 7, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 27 | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | rank = 7 | opponent = [[1982 Furman Paladins football team|Furman]] | opprank = 6 | site_stadium = [[Paladin Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville, SC]] | gamename = [[1982 NCAA Division I-AA football season#Postseason|NCAA Division I-AA First Round]] | score = 17–0 | attend = 13,865 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89806083/sc-states-stout-defense-manhandles-fu/|work=The State|title=S.C. State's stout defense manhandles Furman 17–0|date=November 28, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = December 4 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | rank = 7 | opponent = [[1982 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team|Louisiana Tech]] | opprank = 2 | site_stadium = [[Joe Aillet Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Ruston, Louisiana|Ruston, LA]] | gamename = NCAA Division I-AA Quarterfinal | score = 3–38 | attend = 13,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80672764/scsc-falls-to-determined-la-tech/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=SCSC falls to determined La. Tech|date=December 5, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|rankyear=1982|rankdivision=NCAA Division I-AA|poll=NCAA Division I-AA Football Committee}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=NCAA Statistics; Schedule & Results (South Carolina State) |url=https://stats.ncaa.org/teams/132749 |access-date=November 9, 2024 |publisher=[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pthio9xzhnri3lwicw9d16hatvy5ohv 888273 888272 2026-07-27T20:16:23Z Aluja 30485 888273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Jihar Carolina ta Kudu ta 1982 ta wakilci Kwalejin Jihar Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar Jihar Carolina) a matsayin memba na Taron Wasanni na Gabas ta Tsakiya (MEAC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta NCAA Division I-AA ta 1982. A karkashin jagorancin kocin shekara ta huɗu Bill Davis, Bulldogs sun tara rikodin 9-3 da alamar 4-1 a wasan taro, kuma sun gama a matsayin zakaran MEAC. A ƙarshen kakar, an kuma san Bulldogs a matsayin zakaran kwalejin baƙar fata na kasa. == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 4 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1982 Eastern Kentucky Colonels football team|Eastern Kentucky]] | site_stadium = [[Oliver C. Dawson Stadium|State College Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Orangeburg, South Carolina|Orangeburg, SC]] | score = 19–20 | attend = 11,008 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122464872/lovetts-shot-from-rough-gives-eastern-2/|title=Lovett's shot from rough gives Eastern 20–19 win|newspaper=The Courier-Journal|date=September 5, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 11 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1982 Delaware State Hornets football team|Delaware State]] | site_stadium = [[Alumni Stadium (Delaware State)|Alumni Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Dover, Delaware|Dover, DE]] | score = 7–17 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465286/delstate-surprises-sc-state/|title=DelState surprises S.C. State|newspaper=The Morning News|date=September 12, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 18 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1982 North Carolina A&T Aggies football team|North Carolina A&T]] | site_stadium = [[Truist Stadium (North Carolina A&T)|Aggie Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] | score = 27–6 | attend = 11,500 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465515/sc-state-rambles-past-at/|title=S.C. State rambles past A&T|newspaper=The Charlotte Observer|date=September 19, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 25 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1982 Howard Bison football team|Howard]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 50–0 | attend = 9,841 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465708/graves-opportunistic-defense-pace-bulld/|title=Graves, opportunistic defense pace Bulldogs 50–0|newspaper=The State|date=September 26, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1982 Alcorn State Braves football team|Alcorn State]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 20–0 | attend = 8,320 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122465909/sc-state-rolls-over-alcorn-state-200/|title=S.C. State rolls over Alcorn State 20–0|newspaper=The State|date=October 3, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = {{cfb link|year=1982|team=Johnson C. Smith Golden Bulls|title=Johnson C. Smith}} | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 21–6 | attend = 14,000 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466076/smith-gets-some-satisfaction-despite-los/|title=Smith gets some satisfaction despite loss to S.C. State|newspaper=The Charlotte Observer|date=October 10, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1982 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 24–7 | attend = 6,027 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109091756/state-gives-davidson-a-meac-lesson/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=State gives Davidson a MEAC lesson|date=October 17, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 23 | w/l = w | rank = 14 | opponent = [[1982 Florida A&M Rattlers football team|Florida A&M]] | site_stadium = State College Stadium | site_cityst = Orangeburg, SC | score = 21–19 | attend = 11,654 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466414/failure-on-fourth-down-sends-rattlers-tu/|title=Failure on fourth down sends Rattlers tumbling|newspaper=The Tampa Tribune|date=October 24, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | rank = 9 | opponent = {{cfb link|year=1982|team=Morris Brown Wolverines|title=Morris Brown}} | site_stadium = [[Herndon Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] | score = 45–19 | attend = 6,000 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466657/wolverines-bow-4519-to-sc-state/|title=Wolverines bow 45–19 to S.C. State|newspaper=The Atlanta Constitution|date=October 31, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 6 | w/l = w | neutral = y | nonconf = y | rank = 8 | opponent = [[1982 Bethune–Cookman Wildcats football team|Bethune–Cookman]] | site_stadium = [[Camping World Stadium|Orlando Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando, FL]] | score = 27–6 | attend = 30,023 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122466916/sc-state-stops-bethune-276-to-lock-up/|title=S.C. State stops Bethune 27–6 to lock up title|newspaper=Tallahassee Democrat|date=November 7, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 27 | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | rank = 7 | opponent = [[1982 Furman Paladins football team|Furman]] | opprank = 6 | site_stadium = [[Paladin Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville, SC]] | gamename = [[1982 NCAA Division I-AA football season#Postseason|NCAA Division I-AA First Round]] | score = 17–0 | attend = 13,865 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/89806083/sc-states-stout-defense-manhandles-fu/|work=The State|title=S.C. State's stout defense manhandles Furman 17–0|date=November 28, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = December 4 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | rank = 7 | opponent = [[1982 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team|Louisiana Tech]] | opprank = 2 | site_stadium = [[Joe Aillet Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Ruston, Louisiana|Ruston, LA]] | gamename = NCAA Division I-AA Quarterfinal | score = 3–38 | attend = 13,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/80672764/scsc-falls-to-determined-la-tech/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=SCSC falls to determined La. Tech|date=December 5, 1982|accessdate=April 7, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|rankyear=1982|rankdivision=NCAA Division I-AA|poll=NCAA Division I-AA Football Committee}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=NCAA Statistics; Schedule & Results (South Carolina State) |url=https://stats.ncaa.org/teams/132749 |access-date=November 9, 2024 |publisher=[[National Collegiate Athletic Association]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} g85fmhrbfk58rwglesmhszyhyzfbvk5 0 162381 888275 2026-07-27T20:33:26Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366274444|Branson Combs]]" 888275 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Branson Combs''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa na Jacksonville Jaguars na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Southern Illinois Salukis da Wake Forest Demon Deacons . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Combs a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2000 a Evansville, Indiana ga Annette da Ronnie Combs . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Reitz Memorial inda ya kasance dan wasa uku na wasanni da ke wasa ga kungiyoyin Kwallon ƙafa na Memorial Tigers, [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] da baseball. Tsaya 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) kuma yana da nauyin 185 lbs (84 kg), Combs ya buga matsayi na mai karɓa da mai ba da layi a kwallon kafa, mai tsaro a kwando da kuma dan wasan waje a wasan baseball. A cikin kwallon kafa, an kira Combs Team All-SIAC na biyu a cikin 2016 da kuma Courier & Press All-Metro Co-Player of the Year a cikin 2018. 247Sports.com ta ba shi darajar taurari uku. A cikin babban lokacinsa, Combs ya kafa rikodin a duk rukunin karɓar ciki har da wucewa 75 da aka kama don yadudduka 1,517 da 24 touchdowns. == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Kudancin Illinois === Combs ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois a shekarar 2019 a matsayin sabon dan wasa. Ya shiga Salukis a matsayin mai karɓar wasanni 4. A cikin kakar 2020, Combs ya taka leda a dukkan wasanni 10 kuma ya fara 2 a kan Jihar North Dakota da Jihar Youngstown bi da bi. Ya sanya 5th a cikin tawagar tare da 12 kama, ciki har da 2 touchdowns. 2020 ita ce kakar wasa ta karshe da Combs zai yi wasa a matsayin mai karɓa mai yawa. Ya shiga Salukis a filin wasa a matsayin mai ba da layi don kakar 2021. A lokacin kakar, Combs ya buga wasanni 11 kuma ya fara 2, gami da wasanni da Jihar Missouri da Jihar North Dakota kuma ya kai 29 tackles. A lokacin kakar wasa ta biyu a 2022, Combs ya sanya na 2 a cikin tawagar a cikin tackles, rikodin 57. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tackle-for-loss a 5.5, kuma na 5 a cikin sacks a 2.5. Don wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a dukkan wasanni 11 na kakar, an kira Combs na 2nd-Team All-MVFC. A cikin ƙaramin lokacinsa a 2023, Combs ya buga wasan farko a cikin dukkan wasanni 13. Ya yi rikodin kakar wasa mai girma na 12 a lokacin wasan da ya yi da Jihar Missouri. Combs ya gama kakar 2023 tare da jimlar 86 tackles, ana kiransa 2nd-Team All-MVFC na shekara ta biyu a jere. Yayinda ya halarci Kudancin Illinois, Combs ya fi dacewa da tallace-tallace. === Dajin farkawa === Combs ya koma Jami'ar Wake Forest don kakar wasa ta shida da ta karshe ta kwallon kafa ta kwaleji. Ya shiga filin wasa tare da Demon Deacons a wasan da ya ci nasara a kan North Carolina A&T, inda ya gama wasan tare da jimlar tackles hudu da jaka daya. Combs ya ƙare kakar 2024 tare da farawa 10 daga cikin wasanni 11 da jimlar kakar wasa 96, ya sanya 2nd a cikin tawagar. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tawagar tare da 6.0 tackles-for-loss. A kakar wasa ta farko kuma kawai tare da Wake Forest, an kira Combs zuwa All-ACC Second Team. == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=6|height in=3|weight=231|dash=4.67|ten split=1.53|twenty split=2.62|shuttle=4.41|cone drill=7.08|vertical=34.0|broad ft=10|broad in=2|bench=19|arm span=31 1/4|hand span=9|note=All values from [[Pro Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1061461&DraftYear=2025 |title=Branson Combs College Football Profile |website=DraftScout.com |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ras.football/ras-information/?PlayerID=27675&ovl=Wake+Forest |title=Branson Combs RAS |website=RAS.Football |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref>}}A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2025, Jacksonville Jaguars ta sanya hannu kan Combs a matsayin mai ba da kyauta bayan da aka tsara shirin NFL na 2025. Combs ya yi tarihin garin lokacin da ya zama dan wasa na biyu daga Evansville don shiga NFL tun lokacin da tsohon dan wasan makarantar sakandare na North Evansville Deke Cooper a 2007. Cooper kuma ya yi aiki tare da Jacksonville . An sake shi zuwa tawagar motsa jiki biyo bayan raguwar jerin sunayen da aka yi a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, an sanya hannu kan Combs a cikin jerin sunayen masu aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bretl |first=Paul |date=November 13, 2025 |title=Jaguars make 2 roster moves; including signing linebacker to 53-man roster |url=https://jaguarswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/jaguars/2025/11/13/jaguars-release-khalen-saunders-sign-branson-combs/87255593007/ |access-date=14 November 2025 |website=Jaguars Wire |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Combs ya yaba wa mahaifinsa saboda kasancewa da gudummawa ga ƙaunarsa da sha'awar kwallon kafa da wasanni gaba ɗaya. Ya kuma kira Luke Kuechly a matsayin dan wasan da shirye-shiryensa da nazarin kwallon kafa yake girmamawa sosai kuma yana sha'awarsa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.jaguars.com/team/players-roster/branson-combs/ Bayanan Jaguars na NFL] * [https://www.espn.com.sg/nfl/player/_/id/4572704/branson-combs Bayanan ESPN] * [https://godeacs.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/8061 Wake Forest Deacons bio] * [https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Kudancin Illinois Salukis bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] 6zbho8cgxjxdikurkw8d6edug1dzhb1 888276 888275 2026-07-27T20:34:03Z Aluja 30485 888276 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Branson Combs''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa na Jacksonville Jaguars na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Southern Illinois Salukis da Wake Forest Demon Deacons . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Combs a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2000 a Evansville, Indiana ga Annette da Ronnie Combs . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Reitz Memorial inda ya kasance dan wasa uku na wasanni da ke wasa ga kungiyoyin Kwallon ƙafa na Memorial Tigers, [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] da baseball. Tsaya 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) kuma yana da nauyin 185 lbs (84 kg), Combs ya buga matsayi na mai karɓa da mai ba da layi a kwallon kafa, mai tsaro a kwando da kuma dan wasan waje a wasan baseball. A cikin kwallon kafa, an kira Combs Team All-SIAC na biyu a cikin 2016 da kuma Courier & Press All-Metro Co-Player of the Year a cikin 2018. 247Sports.com ta ba shi darajar taurari uku. A cikin babban lokacinsa, Combs ya kafa rikodin a duk rukunin karɓar ciki har da wucewa 75 da aka kama don yadudduka 1,517 da 24 touchdowns. == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Kudancin Illinois === Combs ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois a shekarar 2019 a matsayin sabon dan wasa. Ya shiga Salukis a matsayin mai karɓar wasanni 4. A cikin kakar 2020, Combs ya taka leda a dukkan wasanni 10 kuma ya fara 2 a kan Jihar North Dakota da Jihar Youngstown bi da bi. Ya sanya 5th a cikin tawagar tare da 12 kama, ciki har da 2 touchdowns. 2020 ita ce kakar wasa ta karshe da Combs zai yi wasa a matsayin mai karɓa mai yawa. Ya shiga Salukis a filin wasa a matsayin mai ba da layi don kakar 2021. A lokacin kakar, Combs ya buga wasanni 11 kuma ya fara 2, gami da wasanni da Jihar Missouri da Jihar North Dakota kuma ya kai 29 tackles. A lokacin kakar wasa ta biyu a 2022, Combs ya sanya na 2 a cikin tawagar a cikin tackles, rikodin 57. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tackle-for-loss a 5.5, kuma na 5 a cikin sacks a 2.5. Don wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a dukkan wasanni 11 na kakar, an kira Combs na 2nd-Team All-MVFC. A cikin ƙaramin lokacinsa a 2023, Combs ya buga wasan farko a cikin dukkan wasanni 13. Ya yi rikodin kakar wasa mai girma na 12 a lokacin wasan da ya yi da Jihar Missouri. Combs ya gama kakar 2023 tare da jimlar 86 tackles, ana kiransa 2nd-Team All-MVFC na shekara ta biyu a jere. Yayinda ya halarci Kudancin Illinois, Combs ya fi dacewa da tallace-tallace. === Dajin farkawa === Combs ya koma Jami'ar Wake Forest don kakar wasa ta shida da ta karshe ta kwallon kafa ta kwaleji. Ya shiga filin wasa tare da Demon Deacons a wasan da ya ci nasara a kan North Carolina A&T, inda ya gama wasan tare da jimlar tackles hudu da jaka daya. Combs ya ƙare kakar 2024 tare da farawa 10 daga cikin wasanni 11 da jimlar kakar wasa 96, ya sanya 2nd a cikin tawagar. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tawagar tare da 6.0 tackles-for-loss. A kakar wasa ta farko kuma kawai tare da Wake Forest, an kira Combs zuwa All-ACC Second Team. == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=6|height in=3|weight=231|dash=4.67|ten split=1.53|twenty split=2.62|shuttle=4.41|cone drill=7.08|vertical=34.0|broad ft=10|broad in=2|bench=19|arm span=31 1/4|hand span=9|note=All values from [[Pro Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1061461&DraftYear=2025 |title=Branson Combs College Football Profile |website=DraftScout.com |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ras.football/ras-information/?PlayerID=27675&ovl=Wake+Forest |title=Branson Combs RAS |website=RAS.Football |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref>}}A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2025, Jacksonville Jaguars ta sanya hannu kan Combs a matsayin mai ba da kyauta bayan da aka tsara shirin NFL na 2025. Combs ya yi tarihin garin lokacin da ya zama dan wasa na biyu daga Evansville don shiga NFL tun lokacin da tsohon dan wasan makarantar sakandare na North Evansville Deke Cooper a 2007. Cooper kuma ya yi aiki tare da Jacksonville . An sake shi zuwa tawagar motsa jiki biyo bayan raguwar jerin sunayen da aka yi a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, an sanya hannu kan Combs a cikin jerin sunayen masu aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bretl |first=Paul |date=November 13, 2025 |title=Jaguars make 2 roster moves; including signing linebacker to 53-man roster |url=https://jaguarswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/jaguars/2025/11/13/jaguars-release-khalen-saunders-sign-branson-combs/87255593007/ |access-date=14 November 2025 |website=Jaguars Wire |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Combs ya yaba wa mahaifinsa saboda kasancewa da gudummawa ga ƙaunarsa da sha'awar kwallon kafa da wasanni gaba ɗaya. Ya kuma kira Luke Kuechly a matsayin dan wasan da shirye-shiryensa da nazarin kwallon kafa yake girmamawa sosai kuma yana sha'awarsa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.jaguars.com/team/players-roster/branson-combs/ Bayanan Jaguars na NFL] * [https://www.espn.com.sg/nfl/player/_/id/4572704/branson-combs Bayanan ESPN] * [https://godeacs.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/8061 Wake Forest Deacons bio] * [https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Kudancin Illinois Salukis bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] em6y8fas3ht5o4rjqhxbmmjr0vjgypr 888277 888276 2026-07-27T20:35:24Z Aluja 30485 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 888277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Branson Combs''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa na Jacksonville Jaguars na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Southern Illinois Salukis da Wake Forest Demon Deacons . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Combs a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2000 a Evansville, Indiana ga Annette da Ronnie Combs . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Reitz Memorial inda ya kasance dan wasa uku na wasanni da ke wasa ga kungiyoyin Kwallon ƙafa na Memorial Tigers, [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] da baseball. Tsaya 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) kuma yana da nauyin 185 lbs (84 kg), Combs ya buga matsayi na mai karɓa da mai ba da layi a kwallon kafa, mai tsaro a kwando da kuma dan wasan waje a wasan baseball. A cikin kwallon kafa, an kira Combs Team All-SIAC na biyu a cikin 2016 da kuma Courier & Press All-Metro Co-Player of the Year a cikin 2018. 247Sports.com ta ba shi darajar taurari uku. A cikin babban lokacinsa, Combs ya kafa rikodin a duk rukunin karɓar ciki har da wucewa 75 da aka kama don yadudduka 1,517 da 24 touchdowns.<ref name="Evansville, Indiana LB Branson Combs">Sokeland, Kyle (April 26, 2025). [https://www.courierpress.com/story/sports/2025/04/26/branson-combs-signs-jacksonville-jaguars-undrafted-free-agent-nfl-wake-forest-2025-draft/83271255007/ "Memorial grad Branson Combs to sign with Jacksonville Jaguars as undrafted free agent"]. ''Courier & Press''.com. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Kudancin Illinois === Combs ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois a shekarar 2019 a matsayin sabon dan wasa. Ya shiga Salukis a matsayin mai karɓar wasanni 4. A cikin kakar 2020, Combs ya taka leda a dukkan wasanni 10 kuma ya fara 2 a kan Jihar North Dakota da Jihar Youngstown bi da bi. Ya sanya 5th a cikin tawagar tare da 12 kama, ciki har da 2 touchdowns. 2020 ita ce kakar wasa ta karshe da Combs zai yi wasa a matsayin mai karɓa mai yawa. Ya shiga Salukis a filin wasa a matsayin mai ba da layi don kakar 2021. A lokacin kakar, Combs ya buga wasanni 11 kuma ya fara 2, gami da wasanni da Jihar Missouri da Jihar North Dakota kuma ya kai 29 tackles. A lokacin kakar wasa ta biyu a 2022, Combs ya sanya na 2 a cikin tawagar a cikin tackles, rikodin 57. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tackle-for-loss a 5.5, kuma na 5 a cikin sacks a 2.5. Don wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a dukkan wasanni 11 na kakar, an kira Combs na 2nd-Team All-MVFC. A cikin ƙaramin lokacinsa a 2023, Combs ya buga wasan farko a cikin dukkan wasanni 13. Ya yi rikodin kakar wasa mai girma na 12 a lokacin wasan da ya yi da Jihar Missouri. Combs ya gama kakar 2023 tare da jimlar 86 tackles, ana kiransa 2nd-Team All-MVFC na shekara ta biyu a jere. Yayinda ya halarci Kudancin Illinois, Combs ya fi dacewa da tallace-tallace. === Dajin farkawa === Combs ya koma Jami'ar Wake Forest don kakar wasa ta shida da ta karshe ta kwallon kafa ta kwaleji. Ya shiga filin wasa tare da Demon Deacons a wasan da ya ci nasara a kan North Carolina A&T, inda ya gama wasan tare da jimlar tackles hudu da jaka daya. Combs ya ƙare kakar 2024 tare da farawa 10 daga cikin wasanni 11 da jimlar kakar wasa 96, ya sanya 2nd a cikin tawagar. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tawagar tare da 6.0 tackles-for-loss. A kakar wasa ta farko kuma kawai tare da Wake Forest, an kira Combs zuwa All-ACC Second Team. == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=6|height in=3|weight=231|dash=4.67|ten split=1.53|twenty split=2.62|shuttle=4.41|cone drill=7.08|vertical=34.0|broad ft=10|broad in=2|bench=19|arm span=31 1/4|hand span=9|note=All values from [[Pro Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1061461&DraftYear=2025 |title=Branson Combs College Football Profile |website=DraftScout.com |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ras.football/ras-information/?PlayerID=27675&ovl=Wake+Forest |title=Branson Combs RAS |website=RAS.Football |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref>}}A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2025, Jacksonville Jaguars ta sanya hannu kan Combs a matsayin mai ba da kyauta bayan da aka tsara shirin NFL na 2025. Combs ya yi tarihin garin lokacin da ya zama dan wasa na biyu daga Evansville don shiga NFL tun lokacin da tsohon dan wasan makarantar sakandare na North Evansville Deke Cooper a 2007. Cooper kuma ya yi aiki tare da Jacksonville . An sake shi zuwa tawagar motsa jiki biyo bayan raguwar jerin sunayen da aka yi a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, an sanya hannu kan Combs a cikin jerin sunayen masu aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bretl |first=Paul |date=November 13, 2025 |title=Jaguars make 2 roster moves; including signing linebacker to 53-man roster |url=https://jaguarswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/jaguars/2025/11/13/jaguars-release-khalen-saunders-sign-branson-combs/87255593007/ |access-date=14 November 2025 |website=Jaguars Wire |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Combs ya yaba wa mahaifinsa saboda kasancewa da gudummawa ga ƙaunarsa da sha'awar kwallon kafa da wasanni gaba ɗaya. Ya kuma kira Luke Kuechly a matsayin dan wasan da shirye-shiryensa da nazarin kwallon kafa yake girmamawa sosai kuma yana sha'awarsa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.jaguars.com/team/players-roster/branson-combs/ Bayanan Jaguars na NFL] * [https://www.espn.com.sg/nfl/player/_/id/4572704/branson-combs Bayanan ESPN] * [https://godeacs.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/8061 Wake Forest Deacons bio] * [https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Kudancin Illinois Salukis bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] p5wq64hga398s6gp1wkrodflbau8tm6 888280 888277 2026-07-27T20:36:43Z Aluja 30485 /* Kudancin Illinois */ 888280 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Branson Combs''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa na Jacksonville Jaguars na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Southern Illinois Salukis da Wake Forest Demon Deacons . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Combs a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2000 a Evansville, Indiana ga Annette da Ronnie Combs . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Reitz Memorial inda ya kasance dan wasa uku na wasanni da ke wasa ga kungiyoyin Kwallon ƙafa na Memorial Tigers, [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] da baseball. Tsaya 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) kuma yana da nauyin 185 lbs (84 kg), Combs ya buga matsayi na mai karɓa da mai ba da layi a kwallon kafa, mai tsaro a kwando da kuma dan wasan waje a wasan baseball. A cikin kwallon kafa, an kira Combs Team All-SIAC na biyu a cikin 2016 da kuma Courier & Press All-Metro Co-Player of the Year a cikin 2018. 247Sports.com ta ba shi darajar taurari uku. A cikin babban lokacinsa, Combs ya kafa rikodin a duk rukunin karɓar ciki har da wucewa 75 da aka kama don yadudduka 1,517 da 24 touchdowns.<ref name="Evansville, Indiana LB Branson Combs">Sokeland, Kyle (April 26, 2025). [https://www.courierpress.com/story/sports/2025/04/26/branson-combs-signs-jacksonville-jaguars-undrafted-free-agent-nfl-wake-forest-2025-draft/83271255007/ "Memorial grad Branson Combs to sign with Jacksonville Jaguars as undrafted free agent"]. ''Courier & Press''.com. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Kudancin Illinois === Combs ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois a shekarar 2019 a matsayin sabon dan wasa. Ya shiga Salukis a matsayin mai karɓar wasanni 4. A cikin kakar 2020, Combs ya taka leda a dukkan wasanni 10 kuma ya fara 2 a kan Jihar North Dakota da Jihar Youngstown bi da bi. Ya sanya 5th a cikin tawagar tare da 12 kama, ciki har da 2 touchdowns. 2020 ita ce kakar wasa ta karshe da Combs zai yi wasa a matsayin mai karɓa mai yawa. Ya shiga Salukis a filin wasa a matsayin mai ba da layi don kakar 2021. A lokacin kakar, Combs ya buga wasanni 11 kuma ya fara 2, gami da wasanni da Jihar Missouri da Jihar North Dakota kuma ya kai 29 tackles. A lokacin kakar wasa ta biyu a 2022, Combs ya sanya na 2 a cikin tawagar a cikin tackles, rikodin 57. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tackle-for-loss a 5.5, kuma na 5 a cikin sacks a 2.5. Don wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a dukkan wasanni 11 na kakar, an kira Combs na 2nd-Team All-MVFC. A cikin ƙaramin lokacinsa a 2023, Combs ya buga wasan farko a cikin dukkan wasanni 13. Ya yi rikodin kakar wasa mai girma na 12 a lokacin wasan da ya yi da Jihar Missouri. Combs ya gama kakar 2023 tare da jimlar 86 tackles, ana kiransa 2nd-Team All-MVFC na shekara ta biyu a jere. Yayinda ya halarci Kudancin Illinois, Combs ya fi dacewa da tallace-tallace.<ref name="Southern Illinois LB B. Combs">[https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Southern Illinois Salukis Profile]. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> === Dajin farkawa === Combs ya koma Jami'ar Wake Forest don kakar wasa ta shida da ta karshe ta kwallon kafa ta kwaleji. Ya shiga filin wasa tare da Demon Deacons a wasan da ya ci nasara a kan North Carolina A&T, inda ya gama wasan tare da jimlar tackles hudu da jaka daya. Combs ya ƙare kakar 2024 tare da farawa 10 daga cikin wasanni 11 da jimlar kakar wasa 96, ya sanya 2nd a cikin tawagar. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tawagar tare da 6.0 tackles-for-loss. A kakar wasa ta farko kuma kawai tare da Wake Forest, an kira Combs zuwa All-ACC Second Team. == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=6|height in=3|weight=231|dash=4.67|ten split=1.53|twenty split=2.62|shuttle=4.41|cone drill=7.08|vertical=34.0|broad ft=10|broad in=2|bench=19|arm span=31 1/4|hand span=9|note=All values from [[Pro Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1061461&DraftYear=2025 |title=Branson Combs College Football Profile |website=DraftScout.com |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ras.football/ras-information/?PlayerID=27675&ovl=Wake+Forest |title=Branson Combs RAS |website=RAS.Football |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref>}}A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2025, Jacksonville Jaguars ta sanya hannu kan Combs a matsayin mai ba da kyauta bayan da aka tsara shirin NFL na 2025. Combs ya yi tarihin garin lokacin da ya zama dan wasa na biyu daga Evansville don shiga NFL tun lokacin da tsohon dan wasan makarantar sakandare na North Evansville Deke Cooper a 2007. Cooper kuma ya yi aiki tare da Jacksonville . An sake shi zuwa tawagar motsa jiki biyo bayan raguwar jerin sunayen da aka yi a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, an sanya hannu kan Combs a cikin jerin sunayen masu aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bretl |first=Paul |date=November 13, 2025 |title=Jaguars make 2 roster moves; including signing linebacker to 53-man roster |url=https://jaguarswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/jaguars/2025/11/13/jaguars-release-khalen-saunders-sign-branson-combs/87255593007/ |access-date=14 November 2025 |website=Jaguars Wire |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Combs ya yaba wa mahaifinsa saboda kasancewa da gudummawa ga ƙaunarsa da sha'awar kwallon kafa da wasanni gaba ɗaya. Ya kuma kira Luke Kuechly a matsayin dan wasan da shirye-shiryensa da nazarin kwallon kafa yake girmamawa sosai kuma yana sha'awarsa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.jaguars.com/team/players-roster/branson-combs/ Bayanan Jaguars na NFL] * [https://www.espn.com.sg/nfl/player/_/id/4572704/branson-combs Bayanan ESPN] * [https://godeacs.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/8061 Wake Forest Deacons bio] * [https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Kudancin Illinois Salukis bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] 6c6c48djazo6u5b99hvvjk80vn9qmrc 888281 888280 2026-07-27T20:37:07Z Aluja 30485 888281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Branson Combs''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa na Jacksonville Jaguars na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Southern Illinois Salukis da Wake Forest Demon Deacons . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Combs a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2000 a Evansville, Indiana ga Annette da Ronnie Combs . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Reitz Memorial inda ya kasance dan wasa uku na wasanni da ke wasa ga kungiyoyin Kwallon ƙafa na Memorial Tigers, [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] da baseball. Tsaya 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) kuma yana da nauyin 185 lbs (84 kg), Combs ya buga matsayi na mai karɓa da mai ba da layi a kwallon kafa, mai tsaro a kwando da kuma dan wasan waje a wasan baseball. A cikin kwallon kafa, an kira Combs Team All-SIAC na biyu a cikin 2016 da kuma Courier & Press All-Metro Co-Player of the Year a cikin 2018. 247Sports.com ta ba shi darajar taurari uku. A cikin babban lokacinsa, Combs ya kafa rikodin a duk rukunin karɓar ciki har da wucewa 75 da aka kama don yadudduka 1,517 da 24 touchdowns.<ref name="Evansville, Indiana LB Branson Combs">Sokeland, Kyle (April 26, 2025). [https://www.courierpress.com/story/sports/2025/04/26/branson-combs-signs-jacksonville-jaguars-undrafted-free-agent-nfl-wake-forest-2025-draft/83271255007/ "Memorial grad Branson Combs to sign with Jacksonville Jaguars as undrafted free agent"]. ''Courier & Press''.com. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Kudancin Illinois === Combs ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois a shekarar 2019 a matsayin sabon dan wasa. Ya shiga Salukis a matsayin mai karɓar wasanni 4. A cikin kakar 2020, Combs ya taka leda a dukkan wasanni 10 kuma ya fara 2 a kan Jihar North Dakota da Jihar Youngstown bi da bi. Ya sanya 5th a cikin tawagar tare da 12 kama, ciki har da 2 touchdowns. 2020 ita ce kakar wasa ta karshe da Combs zai yi wasa a matsayin mai karɓa mai yawa. Ya shiga Salukis a filin wasa a matsayin mai ba da layi don kakar 2021. A lokacin kakar, Combs ya buga wasanni 11 kuma ya fara 2, gami da wasanni da Jihar Missouri da Jihar North Dakota kuma ya kai 29 tackles. A lokacin kakar wasa ta biyu a 2022, Combs ya sanya na 2 a cikin tawagar a cikin tackles, rikodin 57. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tackle-for-loss a 5.5, kuma na 5 a cikin sacks a 2.5. Don wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a dukkan wasanni 11 na kakar, an kira Combs na 2nd-Team All-MVFC. A cikin ƙaramin lokacinsa a 2023, Combs ya buga wasan farko a cikin dukkan wasanni 13. Ya yi rikodin kakar wasa mai girma na 12 a lokacin wasan da ya yi da Jihar Missouri. Combs ya gama kakar 2023 tare da jimlar 86 tackles, ana kiransa 2nd-Team All-MVFC na shekara ta biyu a jere. Yayinda ya halarci Kudancin Illinois, Combs ya fi dacewa da tallace-tallace.<ref name="Southern Illinois LB B. Combs">[https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Southern Illinois Salukis Profile]. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> === Dajin farkawa === Combs ya koma Jami'ar Wake Forest don kakar wasa ta shida da ta karshe ta kwallon kafa ta kwaleji. Ya shiga filin wasa tare da Demon Deacons a wasan da ya ci nasara a kan North Carolina A&T, inda ya gama wasan tare da jimlar tackles hudu da jaka daya. Combs ya ƙare kakar 2024 tare da farawa 10 daga cikin wasanni 11 da jimlar kakar wasa 96, ya sanya 2nd a cikin tawagar. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tawagar tare da 6.0 tackles-for-loss. A kakar wasa ta farko kuma kawai tare da Wake Forest, an kira Combs zuwa All-ACC Second Team. == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=6|height in=3|weight=231|dash=4.67|ten split=1.53|twenty split=2.62|shuttle=4.41|cone drill=7.08|vertical=34.0|broad ft=10|broad in=2|bench=19|arm span=31 1/4|hand span=9|note=All values from [[Pro Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1061461&DraftYear=2025 |title=Branson Combs College Football Profile |website=DraftScout.com |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ras.football/ras-information/?PlayerID=27675&ovl=Wake+Forest |title=Branson Combs RAS |website=RAS.Football |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref>}}A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2025, Jacksonville Jaguars ta sanya hannu kan Combs a matsayin mai ba da kyauta bayan da aka tsara shirin NFL na 2025. Combs ya yi tarihin garin lokacin da ya zama dan wasa na biyu daga Evansville don shiga NFL tun lokacin da tsohon dan wasan makarantar sakandare na North Evansville Deke Cooper a 2007. Cooper kuma ya yi aiki tare da Jacksonville . An sake shi zuwa tawagar motsa jiki biyo bayan raguwar jerin sunayen da aka yi a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, an sanya hannu kan Combs a cikin jerin sunayen masu aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bretl |first=Paul |date=November 13, 2025 |title=Jaguars make 2 roster moves; including signing linebacker to 53-man roster |url=https://jaguarswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/jaguars/2025/11/13/jaguars-release-khalen-saunders-sign-branson-combs/87255593007/ |access-date=14 November 2025 |website=Jaguars Wire |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Combs ya yaba wa mahaifinsa saboda kasancewa da gudummawa ga ƙaunarsa da sha'awar kwallon kafa da wasanni gaba ɗaya. Ya kuma kira Luke Kuechly a matsayin dan wasan da shirye-shiryensa da nazarin kwallon kafa yake girmamawa sosai kuma yana sha'awarsa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.jaguars.com/team/players-roster/branson-combs/ Bayanan Jaguars na NFL] * [https://www.espn.com.sg/nfl/player/_/id/4572704/branson-combs Bayanan ESPN] * [https://godeacs.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/8061 Wake Forest Deacons bio] * [https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Kudancin Illinois Salukis bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] 4p31jtdxjps2a0d993yl11lc4e9fq16 888282 888281 2026-07-27T20:39:27Z Aluja 30485 /* Rayuwa ta mutum */ 888282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Branson Combs''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa na Jacksonville Jaguars na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Southern Illinois Salukis da Wake Forest Demon Deacons . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Combs a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2000 a Evansville, Indiana ga Annette da Ronnie Combs . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Reitz Memorial inda ya kasance dan wasa uku na wasanni da ke wasa ga kungiyoyin Kwallon ƙafa na Memorial Tigers, [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] da baseball. Tsaya 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) kuma yana da nauyin 185 lbs (84 kg), Combs ya buga matsayi na mai karɓa da mai ba da layi a kwallon kafa, mai tsaro a kwando da kuma dan wasan waje a wasan baseball. A cikin kwallon kafa, an kira Combs Team All-SIAC na biyu a cikin 2016 da kuma Courier & Press All-Metro Co-Player of the Year a cikin 2018. 247Sports.com ta ba shi darajar taurari uku. A cikin babban lokacinsa, Combs ya kafa rikodin a duk rukunin karɓar ciki har da wucewa 75 da aka kama don yadudduka 1,517 da 24 touchdowns.<ref name="Evansville, Indiana LB Branson Combs">Sokeland, Kyle (April 26, 2025). [https://www.courierpress.com/story/sports/2025/04/26/branson-combs-signs-jacksonville-jaguars-undrafted-free-agent-nfl-wake-forest-2025-draft/83271255007/ "Memorial grad Branson Combs to sign with Jacksonville Jaguars as undrafted free agent"]. ''Courier & Press''.com. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Kudancin Illinois === Combs ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois a shekarar 2019 a matsayin sabon dan wasa. Ya shiga Salukis a matsayin mai karɓar wasanni 4. A cikin kakar 2020, Combs ya taka leda a dukkan wasanni 10 kuma ya fara 2 a kan Jihar North Dakota da Jihar Youngstown bi da bi. Ya sanya 5th a cikin tawagar tare da 12 kama, ciki har da 2 touchdowns. 2020 ita ce kakar wasa ta karshe da Combs zai yi wasa a matsayin mai karɓa mai yawa. Ya shiga Salukis a filin wasa a matsayin mai ba da layi don kakar 2021. A lokacin kakar, Combs ya buga wasanni 11 kuma ya fara 2, gami da wasanni da Jihar Missouri da Jihar North Dakota kuma ya kai 29 tackles. A lokacin kakar wasa ta biyu a 2022, Combs ya sanya na 2 a cikin tawagar a cikin tackles, rikodin 57. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tackle-for-loss a 5.5, kuma na 5 a cikin sacks a 2.5. Don wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a dukkan wasanni 11 na kakar, an kira Combs na 2nd-Team All-MVFC. A cikin ƙaramin lokacinsa a 2023, Combs ya buga wasan farko a cikin dukkan wasanni 13. Ya yi rikodin kakar wasa mai girma na 12 a lokacin wasan da ya yi da Jihar Missouri. Combs ya gama kakar 2023 tare da jimlar 86 tackles, ana kiransa 2nd-Team All-MVFC na shekara ta biyu a jere. Yayinda ya halarci Kudancin Illinois, Combs ya fi dacewa da tallace-tallace.<ref name="Southern Illinois LB B. Combs">[https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Southern Illinois Salukis Profile]. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> === Dajin farkawa === Combs ya koma Jami'ar Wake Forest don kakar wasa ta shida da ta karshe ta kwallon kafa ta kwaleji. Ya shiga filin wasa tare da Demon Deacons a wasan da ya ci nasara a kan North Carolina A&T, inda ya gama wasan tare da jimlar tackles hudu da jaka daya. Combs ya ƙare kakar 2024 tare da farawa 10 daga cikin wasanni 11 da jimlar kakar wasa 96, ya sanya 2nd a cikin tawagar. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tawagar tare da 6.0 tackles-for-loss. A kakar wasa ta farko kuma kawai tare da Wake Forest, an kira Combs zuwa All-ACC Second Team. == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=6|height in=3|weight=231|dash=4.67|ten split=1.53|twenty split=2.62|shuttle=4.41|cone drill=7.08|vertical=34.0|broad ft=10|broad in=2|bench=19|arm span=31 1/4|hand span=9|note=All values from [[Pro Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1061461&DraftYear=2025 |title=Branson Combs College Football Profile |website=DraftScout.com |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ras.football/ras-information/?PlayerID=27675&ovl=Wake+Forest |title=Branson Combs RAS |website=RAS.Football |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref>}}A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2025, Jacksonville Jaguars ta sanya hannu kan Combs a matsayin mai ba da kyauta bayan da aka tsara shirin NFL na 2025. Combs ya yi tarihin garin lokacin da ya zama dan wasa na biyu daga Evansville don shiga NFL tun lokacin da tsohon dan wasan makarantar sakandare na North Evansville Deke Cooper a 2007. Cooper kuma ya yi aiki tare da Jacksonville . An sake shi zuwa tawagar motsa jiki biyo bayan raguwar jerin sunayen da aka yi a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, an sanya hannu kan Combs a cikin jerin sunayen masu aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bretl |first=Paul |date=November 13, 2025 |title=Jaguars make 2 roster moves; including signing linebacker to 53-man roster |url=https://jaguarswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/jaguars/2025/11/13/jaguars-release-khalen-saunders-sign-branson-combs/87255593007/ |access-date=14 November 2025 |website=Jaguars Wire |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Combs ya yaba wa mahaifinsa saboda kasancewa da gudummawa ga ƙaunarsa da sha'awar kwallon kafa da wasanni gaba ɗaya. Ya kuma kira Luke Kuechly a matsayin dan wasan da shirye-shiryensa da nazarin kwallon kafa yake girmamawa sosai kuma yana sha'awarsa.<ref name="2025 NFL Draft Prospect">Berendzen, Justin (February 2025). [https://nfldraftdiamonds.com/2025/02/branson-combs/ "2025 NFL Draft Prospect Interview: Branson Combs, LB, Wake Forest University"]. ''NFL Draft Diamonds.com''. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.jaguars.com/team/players-roster/branson-combs/ Bayanan Jaguars na NFL] * [https://www.espn.com.sg/nfl/player/_/id/4572704/branson-combs Bayanan ESPN] * [https://godeacs.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/8061 Wake Forest Deacons bio] * [https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Kudancin Illinois Salukis bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] oympc3axx0uhkct2md5e5yuoravdn3u 3 162382 888279 2026-07-27T20:36:16Z Mfield 41477 Mfield moved page [[Tattaunawar user:NetworkFresh]] to [[Tattaunawar user:ForeverRapid]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/NetworkFresh|NetworkFresh]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/ForeverRapid|ForeverRapid]]" 888279 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:ForeverRapid]] 3qx27k8nehqrrcu8ld36isud768ytou 0 162383 888283 2026-07-27T20:46:14Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341086566|2006 Alabama A&M Bulldogs football team]]" 888283 wikitext text/x-wiki   Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Alabama A&M Bulldogs ta 2006 ta wakilci Jami'ar Alabama A&amp;amp;M a matsayin memba na Kungiyar Wasanni ta Kudu maso Yamma (SWAC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta NCAA Division I FCS ta 2006. A karkashin jagorancin kocin shekara ta biyar Anthony Jones, Bulldogs sun tara rikodin 9-3 da alamar 7-3 a wasan taro, kuma sun gama a matsayin zakaran SWAC. == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 2 | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[2006 Tennessee State Tigers football team|Tennessee State]] | site_stadium = [[Nissan Stadium (Nashville)|LP Field]] | site_cityst = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] | score = 27–20 | attend = 19,487 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean-tsu-hearts-broken-again/129871579/|title=TSU hearts broken again|newspaper=The Tennessean|date=September 3, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 9 | w/l = w | opponent = [[2006 Grambling State Tigers football team|Grambling State]] | site_stadium = [[Louis Crews Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Normal, Alabama|Normal, AL]] | score = 30–27 | overtime = OT | attend = 8,300 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121540959/tigers-lose-second-straight-ot-game/|work=The Shreveport Times|title=Tigers lose second straight OT game|date=September 10, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 16 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils football team|Mississippi Valley State]] | site_stadium = [[Rice–Totten Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Itta Bena, Mississippi|Itta Bena, MS]] | score = 20–23 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122233659/mississippi-valley-beats-alabama-am/|work=Enterprise-Journal|title=Mississippi Valley beats Alabama A&M|date=September 17, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 23 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Texas Southern Tigers football team|Texas Southern]] | site_stadium = [[Alexander Durley Sports Complex]] | site_cityst = [[Houston|Houston, TX]] | score = 19–14 | attend = 13,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montgomery-advertiser-alabama-am-19/127436858/|work=The Montgomery Advertiser|title=Alabama A&M 19, Texas Southern 14|date=September 24, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 7 | w/l = w | opponent = [[2006 Southern Jaguars football team|Southern]] | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 28–21 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-town-talk-alabama-am-28-southern-2/129872007/|work=The Sunday Town Talk|title=Alabama A&M 28, Southern 21|date=October 8, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 14 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = {{cfb link|year=2006|team=Stillman Tigers|title=Stillman}} | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 21–14 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montgomery-advertiser-alabama-am-21/129872091/|work=The Montgomery Advertiser|title=Alabama A&M 21, Stillman 14|date=October 15, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 21 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football team|Arkansas–Pine Bluff]] | site_stadium = [[Simmons Bank Field|Golden Lion Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Pine Bluff, AR]] | score = 21–23 | attend = | source = }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 28 | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[2006 Alabama State Hornets football team|Alabama State]] | site_stadium = [[Legion Field]] | site_cityst = [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham, AL]] | gamename = [[Magic City Classic]] | score = 21–13 | attend = 66,233 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-banks-kickoff-return-pro/129149448/|title=Banks' kickoff return propels Alabama A&M|newspaper=The Clarion-Ledger|date=October 29, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 4 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Jackson State Tigers football team|Jackson State]] | site_stadium = [[Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson, MS]] | score = 34–21 | attend = 8,583 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-tigers-let-another-big-le/129556846/|title=Tigers let another big lead get away|newspaper=The Clarion-Ledger|date=November 5, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 11 | w/l = w | opponent = [[2006 Alcorn State Braves football team|Alcorn State]] | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 35–26 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/sun-herald-alabama-am-35-alcorn-state/129872406/|work=The Sun Herald|title=Alabama A&M 35, Alcorn State 26|date=November 12, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 18 | w/l = l | opponent = [[2006 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team|Prairie View A&M]] | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 7–13 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/austin-american-statesman-prairie-view-1/129872509/|work=Austin American-Statesman|title=Prairie View 13, Alabama A&M 7|date=November 19, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = December 16 | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = Arkansas–Pine Bluff | site_stadium = Legion Field | site_cityst = Birmingham, AL | gamename = [[SWAC Football Championship Game|SWAC Championship Game]] | score = 22–13 | attend = 30,213 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=To the rescue Rookie QB, swarming defense spark A&M to first title |first=Mike |last=Perrin |page=1B |newspaper=The Birmingham News |date=December 17, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SWAC Championship; UAPB's hopes wilt in 2nd half |first=Beck |last=Cross |page=1C |newspaper=Arkansas Democrat-Gazette |location=Little Rock, AR |date=December 17, 2006}}</ref> }}|rankyear=2006|rankdivision=NCAA Division I FCS|poll=The Sports Network}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Alabama A&M Bulldogs Schedule 2006 |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/team/schedule/_/id/2010/season/2006 |access-date=August 12, 2023 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 7519ei0qaie6rz3slads84yxnv3b2zl 888284 888283 2026-07-27T20:46:44Z Aluja 30485 888284 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar Wasanni ta Kudu maso Yamma (SWAC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta NCAA Division I FCS ta 2006. A karkashin jagorancin kocin shekara ta biyar Anthony Jones, Bulldogs sun tara rikodin 9-3 da alamar 7-3 a wasan taro, kuma sun gama a matsayin zakaran SWAC. == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 2 | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[2006 Tennessee State Tigers football team|Tennessee State]] | site_stadium = [[Nissan Stadium (Nashville)|LP Field]] | site_cityst = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] | score = 27–20 | attend = 19,487 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean-tsu-hearts-broken-again/129871579/|title=TSU hearts broken again|newspaper=The Tennessean|date=September 3, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 9 | w/l = w | opponent = [[2006 Grambling State Tigers football team|Grambling State]] | site_stadium = [[Louis Crews Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Normal, Alabama|Normal, AL]] | score = 30–27 | overtime = OT | attend = 8,300 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121540959/tigers-lose-second-straight-ot-game/|work=The Shreveport Times|title=Tigers lose second straight OT game|date=September 10, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 16 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils football team|Mississippi Valley State]] | site_stadium = [[Rice–Totten Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Itta Bena, Mississippi|Itta Bena, MS]] | score = 20–23 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122233659/mississippi-valley-beats-alabama-am/|work=Enterprise-Journal|title=Mississippi Valley beats Alabama A&M|date=September 17, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 23 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Texas Southern Tigers football team|Texas Southern]] | site_stadium = [[Alexander Durley Sports Complex]] | site_cityst = [[Houston|Houston, TX]] | score = 19–14 | attend = 13,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montgomery-advertiser-alabama-am-19/127436858/|work=The Montgomery Advertiser|title=Alabama A&M 19, Texas Southern 14|date=September 24, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 7 | w/l = w | opponent = [[2006 Southern Jaguars football team|Southern]] | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 28–21 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-town-talk-alabama-am-28-southern-2/129872007/|work=The Sunday Town Talk|title=Alabama A&M 28, Southern 21|date=October 8, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 14 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = {{cfb link|year=2006|team=Stillman Tigers|title=Stillman}} | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 21–14 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montgomery-advertiser-alabama-am-21/129872091/|work=The Montgomery Advertiser|title=Alabama A&M 21, Stillman 14|date=October 15, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 21 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football team|Arkansas–Pine Bluff]] | site_stadium = [[Simmons Bank Field|Golden Lion Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Pine Bluff, AR]] | score = 21–23 | attend = | source = }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 28 | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[2006 Alabama State Hornets football team|Alabama State]] | site_stadium = [[Legion Field]] | site_cityst = [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham, AL]] | gamename = [[Magic City Classic]] | score = 21–13 | attend = 66,233 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-banks-kickoff-return-pro/129149448/|title=Banks' kickoff return propels Alabama A&M|newspaper=The Clarion-Ledger|date=October 29, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 4 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Jackson State Tigers football team|Jackson State]] | site_stadium = [[Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson, MS]] | score = 34–21 | attend = 8,583 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-tigers-let-another-big-le/129556846/|title=Tigers let another big lead get away|newspaper=The Clarion-Ledger|date=November 5, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 11 | w/l = w | opponent = [[2006 Alcorn State Braves football team|Alcorn State]] | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 35–26 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/sun-herald-alabama-am-35-alcorn-state/129872406/|work=The Sun Herald|title=Alabama A&M 35, Alcorn State 26|date=November 12, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 18 | w/l = l | opponent = [[2006 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team|Prairie View A&M]] | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 7–13 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/austin-american-statesman-prairie-view-1/129872509/|work=Austin American-Statesman|title=Prairie View 13, Alabama A&M 7|date=November 19, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = December 16 | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = Arkansas–Pine Bluff | site_stadium = Legion Field | site_cityst = Birmingham, AL | gamename = [[SWAC Football Championship Game|SWAC Championship Game]] | score = 22–13 | attend = 30,213 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=To the rescue Rookie QB, swarming defense spark A&M to first title |first=Mike |last=Perrin |page=1B |newspaper=The Birmingham News |date=December 17, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SWAC Championship; UAPB's hopes wilt in 2nd half |first=Beck |last=Cross |page=1C |newspaper=Arkansas Democrat-Gazette |location=Little Rock, AR |date=December 17, 2006}}</ref> }}|rankyear=2006|rankdivision=NCAA Division I FCS|poll=The Sports Network}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Alabama A&M Bulldogs Schedule 2006 |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/team/schedule/_/id/2010/season/2006 |access-date=August 12, 2023 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3l5u7o4swh54hfdqqxktohedshp4d5k 888285 888284 2026-07-27T20:47:06Z Aluja 30485 888285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar Wasanni ta Kudu maso Yamma (SWAC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta NCAA Division I FCS ta 2006. A karkashin jagorancin kocin shekara ta biyar Anthony Jones, Bulldogs sun tara rikodin 9-3 da alamar 7-3 a wasan taro, kuma sun gama a matsayin zakaran SWAC. == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 2 | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[2006 Tennessee State Tigers football team|Tennessee State]] | site_stadium = [[Nissan Stadium (Nashville)|LP Field]] | site_cityst = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] | score = 27–20 | attend = 19,487 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tennessean-tsu-hearts-broken-again/129871579/|title=TSU hearts broken again|newspaper=The Tennessean|date=September 3, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 9 | w/l = w | opponent = [[2006 Grambling State Tigers football team|Grambling State]] | site_stadium = [[Louis Crews Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Normal, Alabama|Normal, AL]] | score = 30–27 | overtime = OT | attend = 8,300 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121540959/tigers-lose-second-straight-ot-game/|work=The Shreveport Times|title=Tigers lose second straight OT game|date=September 10, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 16 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils football team|Mississippi Valley State]] | site_stadium = [[Rice–Totten Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Itta Bena, Mississippi|Itta Bena, MS]] | score = 20–23 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/122233659/mississippi-valley-beats-alabama-am/|work=Enterprise-Journal|title=Mississippi Valley beats Alabama A&M|date=September 17, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 23 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Texas Southern Tigers football team|Texas Southern]] | site_stadium = [[Alexander Durley Sports Complex]] | site_cityst = [[Houston|Houston, TX]] | score = 19–14 | attend = 13,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montgomery-advertiser-alabama-am-19/127436858/|work=The Montgomery Advertiser|title=Alabama A&M 19, Texas Southern 14|date=September 24, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 7 | w/l = w | opponent = [[2006 Southern Jaguars football team|Southern]] | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 28–21 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-town-talk-alabama-am-28-southern-2/129872007/|work=The Sunday Town Talk|title=Alabama A&M 28, Southern 21|date=October 8, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 14 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = {{cfb link|year=2006|team=Stillman Tigers|title=Stillman}} | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 21–14 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montgomery-advertiser-alabama-am-21/129872091/|work=The Montgomery Advertiser|title=Alabama A&M 21, Stillman 14|date=October 15, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 21 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football team|Arkansas–Pine Bluff]] | site_stadium = [[Simmons Bank Field|Golden Lion Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Pine Bluff, AR]] | score = 21–23 | attend = | source = }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 28 | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[2006 Alabama State Hornets football team|Alabama State]] | site_stadium = [[Legion Field]] | site_cityst = [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham, AL]] | gamename = [[Magic City Classic]] | score = 21–13 | attend = 66,233 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-banks-kickoff-return-pro/129149448/|title=Banks' kickoff return propels Alabama A&M|newspaper=The Clarion-Ledger|date=October 29, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 4 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[2006 Jackson State Tigers football team|Jackson State]] | site_stadium = [[Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson, MS]] | score = 34–21 | attend = 8,583 | source = <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-tigers-let-another-big-le/129556846/|title=Tigers let another big lead get away|newspaper=The Clarion-Ledger|date=November 5, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 11 | w/l = w | opponent = [[2006 Alcorn State Braves football team|Alcorn State]] | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 35–26 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/sun-herald-alabama-am-35-alcorn-state/129872406/|work=The Sun Herald|title=Alabama A&M 35, Alcorn State 26|date=November 12, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 18 | w/l = l | opponent = [[2006 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team|Prairie View A&M]] | site_stadium = Louis Crews Stadium | site_cityst = Normal, AL | score = 7–13 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/austin-american-statesman-prairie-view-1/129872509/|work=Austin American-Statesman|title=Prairie View 13, Alabama A&M 7|date=November 19, 2006|accessdate=August 12, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = December 16 | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = Arkansas–Pine Bluff | site_stadium = Legion Field | site_cityst = Birmingham, AL | gamename = [[SWAC Football Championship Game|SWAC Championship Game]] | score = 22–13 | attend = 30,213 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=To the rescue Rookie QB, swarming defense spark A&M to first title |first=Mike |last=Perrin |page=1B |newspaper=The Birmingham News |date=December 17, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SWAC Championship; UAPB's hopes wilt in 2nd half |first=Beck |last=Cross |page=1C |newspaper=Arkansas Democrat-Gazette |location=Little Rock, AR |date=December 17, 2006}}</ref> }}|rankyear=2006|rankdivision=NCAA Division I FCS|poll=The Sports Network}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Alabama A&M Bulldogs Schedule 2006 |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/team/schedule/_/id/2010/season/2006 |access-date=August 12, 2023 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} cw7okasund0382sswbpeushvtponz3w 3 162384 888289 2026-07-27T21:11:41Z Salim Abubakar Katau 47338 /* */ Ni ne Salim Abubakar Katau. Ina sha’awar bayar da gudummawa ga Wikimedia a fannonin kiwon lafiya, fasaha, ilimi, da kafafen sadarwa na zamani. 888289 wikitext text/x-wiki Sannu, ni ne Salim Abubakar Katau. Ina da sha’awar bayar da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a fannonin da suka shafi kiwon lafiya, fasaha, ilimi, da kafofin watsa labarai na zamani. Abubuwan da nake sha’awa sun haɗa da fannin harhada magunguna (Pharmacy), kiwon lafiya, zane-zane na kwamfuta (Graphic Design), zane-zanen dijital (Digital Illustration), wasan kwaikwayo na motsi (Animation), da ƙirƙirar abubuwan ciki ta amfani da fasahar basirar ɗan Adam (Artificial Intelligence). Ina zaune a Najeriya kuma ina da sha’awar taimakawa wajen bunƙasa yaɗuwar ilimi da raba bayanai ta hanyar ayyukan Wikimedia. https://periscopenga.com/2025/04/gombe-calls-for-entries-in-android-graphic-design-time-management-training/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/salim-abubakar-9253751b8?utm_source=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=member_android dailygombe.blogspot.com qbohuinueb0ldb5aosjun1kml9gu0r5 888291 888289 2026-07-27T21:23:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888291 wikitext text/x-wiki Sannu, ni ne Salim Abubakar Katau. Ina da sha’awar bayar da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman a fannonin da suka shafi kiwon lafiya, fasaha, ilimi, da kafofin watsa labarai na zamani. Abubuwan da nake sha’awa sun haɗa da fannin harhada magunguna (Pharmacy), kiwon lafiya, zane-zane na kwamfuta (Graphic Design), zane-zanen dijital (Digital Illustration), wasan kwaikwayo na motsi (Animation), da ƙirƙirar abubuwan ciki ta amfani da fasahar basirar ɗan Adam (Artificial Intelligence). Ina zaune a Najeriya kuma ina da sha’awar taimakawa wajen bunƙasa yaɗuwar ilimi da raba bayanai ta hanyar ayyukan Wikimedia. https://periscopenga.com/2025/04/gombe-calls-for-entries-in-android-graphic-design-time-management-training/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/salim-abubakar-9253751b8?utm_source=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=member_android dailygombe.blogspot.com == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Salim Abubakar Katau! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Salim Abubakar Katau|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 9vcrs9b9xewj0hdnoc139ugus3xu1ly 3 162385 888292 2026-07-27T21:23:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888292 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, DanteWikiFan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/DanteWikiFan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 9s8lj6m8bfrllk2r8duh0mij9pspzsm 3 162386 888293 2026-07-27T21:23:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888293 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, DesmondAkisah! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/DesmondAkisah|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) sut5q7hotm0dxspishoqlc21qi9gymy 3 162387 888294 2026-07-27T21:23:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888294 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MrBanana1234! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MrBanana1234|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 2ohccjgombaenu5des4mjutqo6e10i5 3 162388 888295 2026-07-27T21:23:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888295 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Danmarket4199! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Danmarket4199|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) qdw2cgt8bej3mtx3aykau5ajdqiwhlw 3 162389 888296 2026-07-27T21:24:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888296 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shokupan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shokupan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) qc3i00enfxs53yek5m7uluz51ffamzi 3 162390 888297 2026-07-27T21:24:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888297 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Խաչատրյան ՏիգրաՆ! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Խաչատրյան ՏիգրաՆ|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) nfe948c3oru98oc1qntajtv9quynub3 3 162391 888298 2026-07-27T21:24:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888298 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Castamir! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Castamir|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 3o17pke2n32pp60fsd68gac3cr5l0m8 3 162392 888299 2026-07-27T21:24:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888299 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ChaoticDucc! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ChaoticDucc|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) l4393dhzlh4s9j1694vpfax1xz5xfmm 3 162393 888300 2026-07-27T21:24:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888300 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Iishaqman! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Iishaqman|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) fu93cp31ccmo6e7o9e4tlb3s1wqkjk9 3 162394 888301 2026-07-27T21:24:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888301 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, GinawaSaHapon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/GinawaSaHapon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) a7w9nftohoj7prpm2k3ofqx2tq82owx 3 162395 888302 2026-07-27T21:25:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888302 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lokacinda! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lokacinda|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) or9gihzzounb1ch9jsf3bal3wqj4sco 3 162396 888303 2026-07-27T21:25:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888303 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lysandery! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lysandery|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) jgkcabvvh9r0j141lvlx8wno0osk6ng 3 162397 888304 2026-07-27T21:25:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888304 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Amazingaljicrowley3679! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Amazingaljicrowley3679|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) rgsl9v803p5zwpf7qtomqlu20ne2gwx 3 162398 888305 2026-07-27T21:25:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888305 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ises de Almeida Abrahamsohn! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ises de Almeida Abrahamsohn|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 7xabycqj1jxnvyh0011o9n1sdya5jib 3 162399 888306 2026-07-27T21:25:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 888306 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, HaileyChoi9! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/HaileyChoi9|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) cg4lit4pbq83jvvubbpcqd6meaaz0jj 0 162400 888309 2026-07-27T21:48:59Z Najeebyusuf 45048 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316489126|Healthcare in Liechtenstein]]" 888309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Landesspital_Liechtenstein.jpg|thumb|Asibitin Liechtenstein a Vaduz]] [[Fayil:Reis_Augenklinik_Liechtenstein.png|thumb|Asibitin kiwon lafiya a Bendern, Liechtenstein]] Al'ummar [[Liechtenstein]] tana da tsarin kiwon lafiya na duniya tare da rarraba, abubuwan kasuwa kyauta ta hanyar inshorar kiwon lafiya ga kowane mutum da ke zaune a kasar (ba lallai ba ne kawai ga kowane ɗan ƙasa). == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == A bayyane yake, mutane suna siyarwa don shirin inshorar kiwon lafiya na kansu, wanda aka sani da raguwa 'OKP', tare da kamfanoni masu rajista da sarrafawa. Ayyuka daban-daban na ƙarin tare da bambancin gudummawar masu zaman kansu sun wanzu ga waɗanda ke da bukatun kiwon lafiya na musamman.<ref name="migr">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants |url=http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-15 |access-date=2013-04-19}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen asali sun rufe magunguna na kwararru daga kasashe makwabta kamar [[Switzerland]] da Austria, kodayake marasa lafiya suna raba wasu farashi. Binciken kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun tare da likitoci gaba ɗaya an rufe su gaba ɗaya, ba tare da kuɗin waje ba.<ref name="migr">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants |url=http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-15 |access-date=2013-04-19}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf "Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from [http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Duk mazauna dindindin na Liechtenstein dole ne su ba da gudummawa ga asusun kiwon lafiya na kasa, kuma masu daukar ma'aikata dole ne su yi rajistar ma'aikatan su tare da asusun inshorar lafiya. Ma'aikata da ma'aikata suna biyan kuɗi a cikin asusun kiwon lafiya. Wadanda ke dogara da dangin suna rufewa da gudummawar da ma'aikatan iyali suka biya. Wadanda ba su da aikin yi, masu ritaya da tsofaffi da mutanen da ke kan amfanin rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci ko hutun haihuwa ba lallai ne su biya gudummawar kiwon lafiya ba. Mutanen da ke aiki da kansu dole ne su ba da gudummawar kansu. Asusun kiwon lafiya na kasa ya rufe mafi yawan ayyukan kiwon lafiya ciki har da magani daga kwararru, asibiti, takardun magani, ciki da haihuwa da farfadowa. [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Liechtenstein.png|thumb|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Liechtenstein]] Akwai kusan likitoci 64 da masu ba da shawara a Liechtenstein, kodayake suna da ƙwarewa sosai kuma suna da horo sosai. Likitoci na gaba ɗaya (GPs) suna ba da magunguna, suna magance cututtuka masu tsanani da na dogon lokaci, da kuma samar da kulawa da ilimin kiwon lafiya. Masu ba da shawara sune manyan likitoci waɗanda suka kammala matakin horo mafi girma, kuma suna da ƙwarewa a fagen ɗaya, kamar ilimin mata, ilimin kanjamau, ilimin yara, da ilimin fata. Dole ne masu kula da lafiya su tura mai haƙuri zuwa mai ba da shawara. f3k9vspqzowvv2k794v1c5j7wu8c87n 888310 888309 2026-07-27T21:49:41Z Najeebyusuf 45048 888310 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Landesspital_Liechtenstein.jpg|thumb|Asibitin Liechtenstein a Vaduz]] [[Fayil:Reis_Augenklinik_Liechtenstein.png|thumb|Asibitin kiwon lafiya a Bendern, Liechtenstein]]{{Databox}} Al'ummar [[Liechtenstein]] tana da tsarin kiwon lafiya na duniya tare da rarraba, abubuwan kasuwa kyauta ta hanyar inshorar kiwon lafiya ga kowane mutum da ke zaune a kasar (ba lallai ba ne kawai ga kowane ɗan ƙasa). == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == A bayyane yake, mutane suna siyarwa don shirin inshorar kiwon lafiya na kansu, wanda aka sani da raguwa 'OKP', tare da kamfanoni masu rajista da sarrafawa. Ayyuka daban-daban na ƙarin tare da bambancin gudummawar masu zaman kansu sun wanzu ga waɗanda ke da bukatun kiwon lafiya na musamman.<ref name="migr">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants |url=http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-15 |access-date=2013-04-19}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen asali sun rufe magunguna na kwararru daga kasashe makwabta kamar [[Switzerland]] da Austria, kodayake marasa lafiya suna raba wasu farashi. Binciken kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun tare da likitoci gaba ɗaya an rufe su gaba ɗaya, ba tare da kuɗin waje ba.<ref name="migr">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants |url=http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-15 |access-date=2013-04-19}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf "Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from [http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Duk mazauna dindindin na Liechtenstein dole ne su ba da gudummawa ga asusun kiwon lafiya na kasa, kuma masu daukar ma'aikata dole ne su yi rajistar ma'aikatan su tare da asusun inshorar lafiya. Ma'aikata da ma'aikata suna biyan kuɗi a cikin asusun kiwon lafiya. Wadanda ke dogara da dangin suna rufewa da gudummawar da ma'aikatan iyali suka biya. Wadanda ba su da aikin yi, masu ritaya da tsofaffi da mutanen da ke kan amfanin rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci ko hutun haihuwa ba lallai ne su biya gudummawar kiwon lafiya ba. Mutanen da ke aiki da kansu dole ne su ba da gudummawar kansu. Asusun kiwon lafiya na kasa ya rufe mafi yawan ayyukan kiwon lafiya ciki har da magani daga kwararru, asibiti, takardun magani, ciki da haihuwa da farfadowa. [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Liechtenstein.png|thumb|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Liechtenstein]] Akwai kusan likitoci 64 da masu ba da shawara a Liechtenstein, kodayake suna da ƙwarewa sosai kuma suna da horo sosai. Likitoci na gaba ɗaya (GPs) suna ba da magunguna, suna magance cututtuka masu tsanani da na dogon lokaci, da kuma samar da kulawa da ilimin kiwon lafiya. Masu ba da shawara sune manyan likitoci waɗanda suka kammala matakin horo mafi girma, kuma suna da ƙwarewa a fagen ɗaya, kamar ilimin mata, ilimin kanjamau, ilimin yara, da ilimin fata. Dole ne masu kula da lafiya su tura mai haƙuri zuwa mai ba da shawara. psk4b3x8zhwk1ne9q3mogt91t43nlew 888421 888310 2026-07-28T10:34:11Z Mahuta 11340 888421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Landesspital_Liechtenstein.jpg|thumb|Asibitin Liechtenstein a Vaduz]] [[Fayil:Reis_Augenklinik_Liechtenstein.png|thumb|Asibitin kiwon lafiya a Bendern, Liechtenstein]] Al'ummar [[Liechtenstein]] tana da tsarin kiwon lafiya na duniya tare da rarraba, abubuwan kasuwa kyauta ta hanyar inshorar kiwon lafiya ga kowane mutum da ke zaune a kasar (ba lallai ba ne kawai ga kowane ɗan ƙasa). == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == A bayyane yake, mutane suna siyarwa don shirin inshorar kiwon lafiya na kansu, wanda aka sani da raguwa 'OKP', tare da kamfanoni masu rajista da sarrafawa. Ayyuka daban-daban na ƙarin tare da bambancin gudummawar masu zaman kansu sun wanzu ga waɗanda ke da bukatun kiwon lafiya na musamman.<ref name="migr">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants |url=http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-15 |access-date=2013-04-19}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen asali sun rufe magunguna na kwararru daga kasashe makwabta kamar [[Switzerland]] da Austria, kodayake marasa lafiya suna raba wasu farashi. Binciken kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun tare da likitoci gaba ɗaya an rufe su gaba ɗaya, ba tare da kuɗin waje ba.<ref name="migr">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants |url=http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-15 |access-date=2013-04-19}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf "Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from [http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Duk mazauna dindindin na Liechtenstein dole ne su ba da gudummawa ga asusun kiwon lafiya na kasa, kuma masu daukar ma'aikata dole ne su yi rajistar ma'aikatan su tare da asusun inshorar lafiya. Ma'aikata da ma'aikata suna biyan kuɗi a cikin asusun kiwon lafiya. Wadanda ke dogara da dangin suna rufewa da gudummawar da ma'aikatan iyali suka biya. Wadanda ba su da aikin yi, masu ritaya da tsofaffi da mutanen da ke kan amfanin rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci ko hutun haihuwa ba lallai ne su biya gudummawar kiwon lafiya ba. Mutanen da ke aiki da kansu dole ne su ba da gudummawar kansu. Asusun kiwon lafiya na kasa ya rufe mafi yawan ayyukan kiwon lafiya ciki har da magani daga kwararru, asibiti, takardun magani, ciki da haihuwa da farfadowa. [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Liechtenstein.png|thumb|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Liechtenstein]] Akwai kusan likitoci 64 da masu ba da shawara a Liechtenstein, kodayake suna da ƙwarewa sosai kuma suna da horo sosai. Likitoci na gaba ɗaya (GPs) suna ba da magunguna, suna magance cututtuka masu tsanani da na dogon lokaci, da kuma samar da kulawa da ilimin kiwon lafiya. Masu ba da shawara sune manyan likitoci waɗanda suka kammala matakin horo mafi girma, kuma suna da ƙwarewa a fagen ɗaya, kamar ilimin mata, ilimin kanjamau, ilimin yara, da ilimin fata. Dole ne masu kula da lafiya su tura mai haƙuri zuwa mai ba da shawara. nhqrofxvq0r30gvovslodvzuv67xfoj 888422 888421 2026-07-28T10:34:43Z Mahuta 11340 888422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Landesspital_Liechtenstein.jpg|thumb|Asibitin Liechtenstein a Vaduz]] [[Fayil:Reis_Augenklinik_Liechtenstein.png|thumb|Asibitin kiwon lafiya a Bendern, Liechtenstein]] Al'ummar [[Liechtenstein]] tana da tsarin kiwon lafiya na duniya tare da rarraba, abubuwan kasuwa kyauta ta hanyar inshorar kiwon lafiya ga kowane mutum da ke zaune a kasar (ba lallai ba ne kawai ga kowane ɗan ƙasa). == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == A bayyane yake, mutane suna siyarwa don shirin inshorar kiwon lafiya na kansu, wanda aka sani da raguwa 'OKP', tare da kamfanoni masu rajista da sarrafawa. Ayyuka daban-daban na ƙarin tare da bambancin gudummawar masu zaman kansu sun wanzu ga waɗanda ke da bukatun kiwon lafiya na musamman.<ref name="migr">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants |url=http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-15 |access-date=2013-04-19}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen asali sun rufe magunguna na kwararru daga kasashe makwabta kamar [[Switzerland]] da Austria, kodayake marasa lafiya suna raba wasu farashi. Binciken kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun tare da likitoci gaba ɗaya an rufe su gaba ɗaya, ba tare da kuɗin waje ba.<ref name="migr">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants |url=http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-15 |access-date=2013-04-19}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131115073940/http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf "Welcome to Liechtenstein - Information for Migrants"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from [http://www.llv.li/pdf-llv-scg-broschuere.englisch.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Duk mazauna dindindin na Liechtenstein dole ne su ba da gudummawa ga asusun kiwon lafiya na kasa, kuma masu daukar ma'aikata dole ne su yi rajistar ma'aikatan su tare da asusun inshorar lafiya. Ma'aikata da ma'aikata suna biyan kuɗi a cikin asusun kiwon lafiya. Wadanda ke dogara da dangin suna rufewa da gudummawar da ma'aikatan iyali suka biya. Wadanda ba su da aikin yi, masu ritaya da tsofaffi da mutanen da ke kan amfanin rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci ko hutun haihuwa ba lallai ne su biya gudummawar kiwon lafiya ba. Mutanen da ke aiki da kansu dole ne su ba da gudummawar kansu. Asusun kiwon lafiya na kasa ya rufe mafi yawan ayyukan kiwon lafiya ciki har da magani daga kwararru, asibiti, takardun magani, ciki da haihuwa da farfadowa. [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_by_WBG_-Liechtenstein.png|thumb|Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Liechtenstein]] Akwai kusan likitoci 64 da masu ba da shawara a Liechtenstein, kodayake suna da ƙwarewa sosai kuma suna da horo sosai. Likitoci na gaba ɗaya (GPs) suna ba da magunguna, suna magance cututtuka masu tsanani da na dogon lokaci, da kuma samar da kulawa da ilimin kiwon lafiya. Masu ba da shawara sune manyan likitoci waɗanda suka kammala matakin horo mafi girma, kuma suna da ƙwarewa a fagen ɗaya, kamar ilimin mata, ilimin kanjamau, ilimin yara, da ilimin fata. Dole ne masu kula da lafiya su tura mai haƙuri zuwa mai ba da shawara. ==Manazarta== fw90lznreew1wio1fgd0xd5kasxc4ce 0 162401 888311 2026-07-27T21:51:27Z Najeebyusuf 45048 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365227072|Bessel van der Kolk]]" 888311 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bessel van der Kolk''' ({{IPA|nl|vɑn dɛr kɔlk|lang}}Dutch; an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1943) masanin ilimin halayyar dan kasar Holland ne, marubuci, mai bincike kuma malami. {{IPA|nl|vɑn dɛr kɔlk|lang}}Tun daga shekarun 1970s bincikensa ya kasance a cikin damuwa bayan rauni. Shi ne marubucin littattafai huɗu, gami da littafin mafi kyawun New York Times The Body Keeps the Score, wanda aka fassara cikin harsuna 43. Masana kimiyya sun soki littafin don inganta ikirarin pseudoscientific game da rauni, ƙwaƙwalwa, kwakwalwa, da ci gaba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=McNally |first=Richard J |date=November 2005 |title=Debunking Myths about Trauma and Memory |journal=The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry |language=en |volume=50 |issue=13 |pages=817–822 |doi=10.1177/070674370505001302 |issn=0706-7437 |pmid=16483114 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Cox |first=Keith S. |last2=Codd |first2=R. Trent |date=2023 |title=Advocates of Research-Supported Treatments for PTSD are Losing in Lots of Ways: What Are We Going to Do About It? |journal=Research on Social Work Practice |language=en |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=347–359 |doi=10.1177/10497315231206754 |issn=1049-7315 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Van der Kolk ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies kuma tsohon darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Kula da Kula da Kulawa ta Kasa ne. Shi farfesa ne na ilimin halayyar dan adam a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Boston kuma shugaban Gidauniyar Bincike ta Trauma a Brookline, Massachusetts . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Our Board |url=http://traumaresearchfoundation.org/meet-our-board.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225105004/http://traumaresearchfoundation.org/meet-our-board.html |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |access-date=February 25, 2020 |website=Trauma Research Foundation}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Van der Kolk a cikin Netherlands a watan Yulin shekara ta 1943. Nazis ne suka mamaye [[Hague]] a lokacin kuma an tura mahaifinsa zuwa sansanin aiki. Shi ne ɗan tsakiya na biyar. Mahaifiyarsa ta koya wa 'ya'yanta yin amfani da kayan kida. Bessel ya buga piano da cello kuma an koya masa harsuna shida.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Carr |first=Danielle |date=2023-07-31 |title=How Trauma Became America's Favorite Diagnosis |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/trauma-bessel-van-der-kolk-the-body-keeps-the-score-profile.html |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=[[New York Magazine]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi karatun digiri na farko tare da BA ilimin [[kimiyyar siyasa]] (B.A.) a Jami'ar Hawai'i a Mānoa a shekarar 1965. A matsayinsa na dalibi, ya kasance mai aiki a cikin Students for a Democratic Society kuma R. D. Laing da sauran masu tunani a cikin ƙungiyar adawa da ƙwaƙwalwa sun rinjaye shi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Carr |first=Danielle |date=2023-07-31 |title=How Trauma Became America's Favorite Diagnosis |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/trauma-bessel-van-der-kolk-the-body-keeps-the-score-profile.html |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=[[New York Magazine]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCarr2023">Carr, Danielle (2023-07-31). [https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/trauma-bessel-van-der-kolk-the-body-keeps-the-score-profile.html "How Trauma Became America's Favorite Diagnosis"]. ''[[New York Magazine]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ya sami MD a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Pritzker, Jami'ar Chicago, a cikin 1970, kuma ya kammala aikinsa na asibiti a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Zuciya ta Massachusetts, Makarantar Kiwo ta Harvard, a cikin 1974. <ref name="CV">{{Cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae of Bessel van der Kolk M.D. |url=http://besselvanderkolk.net/curriculum-vitae-of-bessel-van-der-kolk-md.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710123302/http://www.besselvanderkolk.net/curriculum-vitae-of-bessel-van-der-kolk-md.html |archive-date=July 10, 2019 |access-date=May 16, 2019 |publisher=Bessel Van Der Kolk}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] dxqud64bbuxy063qyu8sadapk2q7cxg 888312 888311 2026-07-27T21:52:12Z Najeebyusuf 45048 888312 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Bessel van der Kolk''' ({{IPA|nl|vɑn dɛr kɔlk|lang}}Dutch; an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1943) masanin ilimin halayyar dan kasar Holland ne, marubuci, mai bincike kuma malami. {{IPA|nl|vɑn dɛr kɔlk|lang}}Tun daga shekarun 1970s bincikensa ya kasance a cikin damuwa bayan rauni. Shi ne marubucin littattafai huɗu, gami da littafin mafi kyawun New York Times The Body Keeps the Score, wanda aka fassara cikin harsuna 43. Masana kimiyya sun soki littafin don inganta ikirarin pseudoscientific game da rauni, ƙwaƙwalwa, kwakwalwa, da ci gaba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=McNally |first=Richard J |date=November 2005 |title=Debunking Myths about Trauma and Memory |journal=The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry |language=en |volume=50 |issue=13 |pages=817–822 |doi=10.1177/070674370505001302 |issn=0706-7437 |pmid=16483114 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Cox |first=Keith S. |last2=Codd |first2=R. Trent |date=2023 |title=Advocates of Research-Supported Treatments for PTSD are Losing in Lots of Ways: What Are We Going to Do About It? |journal=Research on Social Work Practice |language=en |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=347–359 |doi=10.1177/10497315231206754 |issn=1049-7315 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Van der Kolk ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies kuma tsohon darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Kula da Kula da Kulawa ta Kasa ne. Shi farfesa ne na ilimin halayyar dan adam a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Boston kuma shugaban Gidauniyar Bincike ta Trauma a Brookline, Massachusetts . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Our Board |url=http://traumaresearchfoundation.org/meet-our-board.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225105004/http://traumaresearchfoundation.org/meet-our-board.html |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |access-date=February 25, 2020 |website=Trauma Research Foundation}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Van der Kolk a cikin Netherlands a watan Yulin shekara ta 1943. Nazis ne suka mamaye [[Hague]] a lokacin kuma an tura mahaifinsa zuwa sansanin aiki. Shi ne ɗan tsakiya na biyar. Mahaifiyarsa ta koya wa 'ya'yanta yin amfani da kayan kida. Bessel ya buga piano da cello kuma an koya masa harsuna shida.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Carr |first=Danielle |date=2023-07-31 |title=How Trauma Became America's Favorite Diagnosis |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/trauma-bessel-van-der-kolk-the-body-keeps-the-score-profile.html |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=[[New York Magazine]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi karatun digiri na farko tare da BA ilimin [[kimiyyar siyasa]] (B.A.) a Jami'ar Hawai'i a Mānoa a shekarar 1965. A matsayinsa na dalibi, ya kasance mai aiki a cikin Students for a Democratic Society kuma R. D. Laing da sauran masu tunani a cikin ƙungiyar adawa da ƙwaƙwalwa sun rinjaye shi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Carr |first=Danielle |date=2023-07-31 |title=How Trauma Became America's Favorite Diagnosis |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/trauma-bessel-van-der-kolk-the-body-keeps-the-score-profile.html |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=[[New York Magazine]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCarr2023">Carr, Danielle (2023-07-31). [https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/trauma-bessel-van-der-kolk-the-body-keeps-the-score-profile.html "How Trauma Became America's Favorite Diagnosis"]. ''[[New York Magazine]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ya sami MD a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Pritzker, Jami'ar Chicago, a cikin 1970, kuma ya kammala aikinsa na asibiti a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Zuciya ta Massachusetts, Makarantar Kiwo ta Harvard, a cikin 1974. <ref name="CV">{{Cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae of Bessel van der Kolk M.D. |url=http://besselvanderkolk.net/curriculum-vitae-of-bessel-van-der-kolk-md.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710123302/http://www.besselvanderkolk.net/curriculum-vitae-of-bessel-van-der-kolk-md.html |archive-date=July 10, 2019 |access-date=May 16, 2019 |publisher=Bessel Van Der Kolk}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] 02iqbesi475c2ek7j19405cfl18q3wd 0 162402 888313 2026-07-27T21:55:32Z Najeebyusuf 45048 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362681496|1974 in Spanish television]]" 888313 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" role="navigation" ! class="sidebar-title" |[[List of years in Spanish television|Jerin shekaru a talabijin na Mutanen Espanya]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | * … [[1964 in Spanish television|1964]] * [[1965 in Spanish television|1965]] * [[1966 in Spanish television|1966]] * [[1967 in Spanish television|1967]] * [[1968 in Spanish television|1968]] * [[1969 in Spanish television|1969]] * [[1970 in Spanish television|1970]]<br /> * [[1971 in Spanish television|1971]] * [[1972 in Spanish television|1972]] * [[1973 in Spanish television|1973]] * '''[[1974 in Spanish television|1974]]''' * [[1975 in Spanish television|1975]] * [[1976 in Spanish television|1976]] * [[1977 in Spanish television|1977]]<br /> * [[1978 in Spanish television|1978]] * [[1979 in Spanish television|1979]] * [[1980 in Spanish television|1980]] * [[1981 in Spanish television|1981]] * [[1982 in Spanish television|1982]] * [[1983 in Spanish television|1983]] * [[1984 in Spanish television|1984]] …[[:Category:Years in Spanish television|...]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | * [[1974 in art|Fasaha]] * [[1974 in archaeology|Archaeology]] * [[1974 in architecture|Gine-gine]] * [[1974 in literature|Littattafai]] * [[1974 in music|Waƙoƙi]] * [[1974 in philosophy|Falsafa]] * [[1974 in science|Kimiyya]]''[[:Category:1974|+...]]'' |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {| class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" role="navigation" ! class="sidebar-title" |[[List of years in Spanish television|Jerin shekaru a talabijin na Mutanen Espanya]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | * … [[1964 in Spanish television|1964]] * [[1965 in Spanish television|1965]] * [[1966 in Spanish television|1966]] * [[1967 in Spanish television|1967]] * [[1968 in Spanish television|1968]] * [[1969 in Spanish television|1969]] * [[1970 in Spanish television|1970]]<br /> * [[1971 in Spanish television|1971]] * [[1972 in Spanish television|1972]] * [[1973 in Spanish television|1973]] * '''[[1974 in Spanish television|1974]]''' * [[1975 in Spanish television|1975]] * [[1976 in Spanish television|1976]] * [[1977 in Spanish television|1977]]<br /> * [[1978 in Spanish television|1978]] * [[1979 in Spanish television|1979]] * [[1980 in Spanish television|1980]] * [[1981 in Spanish television|1981]] * [[1982 in Spanish television|1982]] * [[1983 in Spanish television|1983]] * [[1984 in Spanish television|1984]] …[[:Rukuni:Years in Spanish television|...]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | * [[1974 in art|Fasaha]] * [[1974 in archaeology|Archaeology]] * [[1974 in architecture|Gine-gine]] * [[1974 in literature|Littattafai]] * [[1974 in music|Waƙoƙi]] * [[1974 in philosophy|Falsafa]] * [[1974 in science|Kimiyya]]''[[:Rukuni:1974|+...]]'' |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} Wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru na [[Television in Spain|Talabijin na Mutanen Espanya]] ne a shekara ta 1974. == Abubuwan da suka faru == * '''11 ga Janairu''': An nada Juan José Rosón a matsayin Darakta Janar na RTVE . * '''24 ga Afrilu''': Mai ba da rahoto [[Manolo Alcalá]] ya rufe daga [[Lisbon]] don TVE Carnation Revolution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacción |date=16 March 1975 |title=Portugal 1974: Así fue el golpe de Estado |url=http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/documentales-en-el-archivo-de-rtve/portugal-asi-fue-golpe-estado/2531347/ |access-date=20 May 2014 |website=[[RTVE]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Historia de TVE |url=http://tv_mav.cnice.mec.es/siglo/50/loaded_movies/guias/01_red/01_pdfs/30_primeros_anyos.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219225057/http://tv_mav.cnice.mec.es/siglo/50/loaded_movies/guias/01_red/01_pdfs/30_primeros_anyos.pdf |archive-date=19 December 2013 |access-date=20 May 2014 |publisher=mec.es |page=259}}</ref> * '''12 Yuni''': An kirkiro Hukumar Bincike da Kula da Talla a cikin TVE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacción |date=13 June 1974 |title=SENSIBLE REDUCCIÓN DE LOS ESPACIOS PUBLICITARIOS EN TVE |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1974/06/13/042.html |access-date=20 May 2014 |website=[[ABC (España)|ABC]] |publisher=[[Vocento]] |page= |format=PDF}}</ref> * 22 Nuwamba: An nada Jesús Sancho Rof a matsayin Darakta Janar na RTVE . == Tattaunawa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Taken asali !Tashar !Farko !Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Masu karɓar bakuncin !Irin wannan |- |- |''Mutanen Espanya miliyan 35'' |1 |1975-12-04 |José Antonio Plaza |Nunin iri-iri |- |''A cikin iska'' |1 |1975-03-28 | |Waƙoƙi |- |''Yanzu'' |2 |1974-11-17 | |Waƙoƙi |- |''Tarihin Spain'' |1 |1974-10-06 | |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Haka ya kasance...'' |2 |1974-04-20 |Jana Escribano |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Yanke sa'a''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 1974 |title=Cambie su suerte |url=http://hemeroteca.laVanguardia.com/preview/1974/04/02/pagina-58/34235548/pdf.html |access-date= |website=[[La Vanguardia]] |language=es}}</ref> |1 |1974-04-02 |Joaquín Prat |Quiz Show |- |''Yin waka da dariya'' |1 |1974-12-23 |Masu yaudara na Talabijin |Yara |- |''Fuskar ƙasar'' |1 |1974-04-19 |Josep Meliá |Tattaunawa |- |''Darussan koyarwa'' |2 |1974-02-02 | |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga'' |1 |1974-10-24 |Tina Sáinz |Yara |- |''Al'adu 2'' |2 |1974-12-08 |Fernando Méndez Leite |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Don Juan'' |1 |1974-06-01 |Pedro Osinaga |Musamman |- |''Mutum da Duniya'' |1 |1974-03-04 |Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente |Hotuna |- |''Mai lalata'' |1 |1974-10-14 |Fernando Fernán Gómez |Jerin wasan kwaikwayo |- |''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo'' |1 |1974-10-11 | |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo |- |''Marubutan yau'' |1 |1974-11-05 | |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo |- |''Bikin! '' |1 |1974-10-19 |Judy Stephen |Yara |- |''Labarai tare da kalmomi da kiɗa'' |1 |1974-11-24 | |Waƙoƙi |- |''Yau 14'15'' |1 |1974-10-02 |José María Íñigo |Nunin iri-iri |- |''Bayani 2'' |2 |1974-07-07 | |Labarai |- |''Juan da Manuela'' |1 |1974-04-16 |Ana Diosdado |Sitcom |- |''Comet orange'' |1 |1974-04-14 | |Yara |- |''Tarihin nan gaba'' |1 |1974-03-06 |Luis Miravitlles |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Makon'' |1 |1974-10-10 |Carmen Lázaro |Matasa |- |''Cibiyoyin''<ref name="cambio" /> |1 |1974-10-17 | |Labarai |- |''Shin kun san shi?'' |1 |1974-11-26 |Pedro Ruiz |Quiz Show |- |''Darussan da...'' |1 |1974-10-19 |Andrés Gimeno |Wasanni |- |''Abin da Tip da Coll suka yi'' |1 |1974-10-06 |[[Tip y Coll|Tushen da Coll]] |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''Littattafai''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Clásicos y modernos. La serie ''Los libros'' y la televisión de la Transición |url=http://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/29/57/_ebook.pdf |website=FERNÁNDEZ, Luis Miguel}}</ref> |1 |1974-02-03 | |Labari ne |- |''Masu haukace'' |1 |1974-07-30 |José Sazatornil |Sitcom |- |''Ƙananan tsuntsaye''<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 1973 |title=''Los pajaritos'', una historia de humor y contaminación |url=http://hemeroteca.laVanguardia.com/preview/1973/08/17/pagina-27/34272437/pdf.html |access-date= |website=[[La Vanguardia]] |language=es}}</ref> |1 |1974-01-21 |Julia Caba Alba |Fim din talabijin |- |''Masu zane-zane na Prado'' |1 |1974-04-17 | |Labari ne |- |''<nowiki/>'Yan jarida'' |1 |1975-06-15 |Diego Carcedo |Hotuna |- |''Fiye da labarin''<ref name="cambio" /> |1 |1975-11-26 | |Labarai |- |''Duniya pop'' |1 |1974-05-08 |Fernando Garciapelayo |Waƙoƙi |- |''Waƙoƙin kiɗa'' |2 |1974-11-14 |Ramón Trecet |Waƙoƙi |- |''Dare na wasan kwaikwayo'' |1 |1974-04-19 | |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo |- |''Aikin torpedo'' |1 |1974-05-08 |José Miguel Flores |Nunin Quiz |- |''Na asali'' |1 |1974-11-27 | |Labari ne |- |''Kalmomin da aka haɗu'' |2 |1974-12-18 | |Labari ne |- |''Duniyar Rayayye'' |2 |1974-11-13 | |Hotuna |- |''Sa'a ta farko'' |1 |1974-10-06 | |Yara |- |''Shirin yanki na lokaci guda'' |1 |1974-12-02 | |Labarai |- |''Tunanin'' |1 |1974-10-13 | |Addini |- |''Mujallar fim'' |1 |1974-01-06 |Alfonso Eduardo |Fim din |- |''Sabuwar mako''<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 1974 |title=Modificación en la Segunda Cadena de TVE |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1974/04/16/107.html |access-date= |website=[[Diario ABC]] |language=es}}</ref> |2 |1974-04-15 | |Nunin iri-iri |- |''Matanni da Maza!'' |1 |1974-05-04 |Victoria Vera |Nunin iri-iri |- |''Kwanaki Bakwai''<ref name="cambio" /> |1 |1974-10-06 |José Antonio Silva |Labarai |- |''Shiru, mun fara'' |1 |1974-04-17 |Adolfo Marsillach |Labari ne |- |''A kan filin''<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 1974 |title=''Sobre el terreno'', nuevo programa deportivo de TVE |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1974/08/31/041.html |access-date= |website=[[Diario ABC]] |language=es}}</ref> |1 |1974-09-08 |Juan José Castillo |Wasanni |- |''Duniyarka ta kai'' |1 |1974-05-11 | |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Ya faru'' |1 |1974-05-10 | |Labarai |- |''Murmushi na Spain'' |1 |1974-10-11 |Antonio Ferrandis |Labari ne |- |''Sadarwar sadarwa'' |1 | | | |- |''Mujallar Talabijin'' |1 |1974-05-06 |Clara Isabel Faransa |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Nunin Talabijin'' |2 | | | |- |''Batutuwa 74'' |2 |1974-11-08 | |Nunin iri-iri |- |''Duk abin da zai yiwu a ranar Lahadi'' |1 |1974-03-24 |Juan Antonio Fernández Abajo |Nunin iri-iri |- |''Ɗaya daga cikin balloons, biyu, uku''<ref name="cambio">{{Cite web |date=20 September 1978 |title=Cambio en todos los programas de TVE |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1974/09/20/082.html |access-date= |website=[[Diario ABC]] |language=es}}</ref> |1 |1974-10-06 |María Luisa Seco |Yara |- |''Lokaci ɗaya, don Allah'' |1 |1974-06-15 | |Addini |- |} == Manazarta == jzebqzeyrihj6pix2yvi1wpie99lgzd 888314 888313 2026-07-27T21:56:18Z Najeebyusuf 45048 888314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" role="navigation" ! class="sidebar-title" |[[List of years in Spanish television|Jerin shekaru a talabijin na Mutanen Espanya]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | * … [[1964 in Spanish television|1964]] * [[1965 in Spanish television|1965]] * [[1966 in Spanish television|1966]] * [[1967 in Spanish television|1967]] * [[1968 in Spanish television|1968]] * [[1969 in Spanish television|1969]] * [[1970 in Spanish television|1970]]<br /> * [[1971 in Spanish television|1971]] * [[1972 in Spanish television|1972]] * [[1973 in Spanish television|1973]] * '''[[1974 in Spanish television|1974]]''' * [[1975 in Spanish television|1975]] * [[1976 in Spanish television|1976]] * [[1977 in Spanish television|1977]]<br /> * [[1978 in Spanish television|1978]] * [[1979 in Spanish television|1979]] * [[1980 in Spanish television|1980]] * [[1981 in Spanish television|1981]] * [[1982 in Spanish television|1982]] * [[1983 in Spanish television|1983]] * [[1984 in Spanish television|1984]] …[[:Category:Years in Spanish television|...]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | * [[1974 in art|Fasaha]] * [[1974 in archaeology|Archaeology]] * [[1974 in architecture|Gine-gine]] * [[1974 in literature|Littattafai]] * [[1974 in music|Waƙoƙi]] * [[1974 in philosophy|Falsafa]] * [[1974 in science|Kimiyya]]''[[:Category:1974|+...]]'' |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {| class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" role="navigation" ! class="sidebar-title" |[[List of years in Spanish television|Jerin shekaru a talabijin na Mutanen Espanya]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | * … [[1964 in Spanish television|1964]] * [[1965 in Spanish television|1965]] * [[1966 in Spanish television|1966]] * [[1967 in Spanish television|1967]] * [[1968 in Spanish television|1968]] * [[1969 in Spanish television|1969]] * [[1970 in Spanish television|1970]]<br /> * [[1971 in Spanish television|1971]] * [[1972 in Spanish television|1972]] * [[1973 in Spanish television|1973]] * '''[[1974 in Spanish television|1974]]''' * [[1975 in Spanish television|1975]] * [[1976 in Spanish television|1976]] * [[1977 in Spanish television|1977]]<br /> * [[1978 in Spanish television|1978]] * [[1979 in Spanish television|1979]] * [[1980 in Spanish television|1980]] * [[1981 in Spanish television|1981]] * [[1982 in Spanish television|1982]] * [[1983 in Spanish television|1983]] * [[1984 in Spanish television|1984]] …[[:Rukuni:Years in Spanish television|...]] |- | class="sidebar-content hlist" | * [[1974 in art|Fasaha]] * [[1974 in archaeology|Archaeology]] * [[1974 in architecture|Gine-gine]] * [[1974 in literature|Littattafai]] * [[1974 in music|Waƙoƙi]] * [[1974 in philosophy|Falsafa]] * [[1974 in science|Kimiyya]]''[[:Rukuni:1974|+...]]'' |- | class="sidebar-navbar" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> |} Wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru na [[Television in Spain|Talabijin na Mutanen Espanya]] ne a shekara ta 1974. == Abubuwan da suka faru == * '''11 ga Janairu''': An nada Juan José Rosón a matsayin Darakta Janar na RTVE . * '''24 ga Afrilu''': Mai ba da rahoto [[Manolo Alcalá]] ya rufe daga [[Lisbon]] don TVE Carnation Revolution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacción |date=16 March 1975 |title=Portugal 1974: Así fue el golpe de Estado |url=http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/documentales-en-el-archivo-de-rtve/portugal-asi-fue-golpe-estado/2531347/ |access-date=20 May 2014 |website=[[RTVE]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Historia de TVE |url=http://tv_mav.cnice.mec.es/siglo/50/loaded_movies/guias/01_red/01_pdfs/30_primeros_anyos.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219225057/http://tv_mav.cnice.mec.es/siglo/50/loaded_movies/guias/01_red/01_pdfs/30_primeros_anyos.pdf |archive-date=19 December 2013 |access-date=20 May 2014 |publisher=mec.es |page=259}}</ref> * '''12 Yuni''': An kirkiro Hukumar Bincike da Kula da Talla a cikin TVE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacción |date=13 June 1974 |title=SENSIBLE REDUCCIÓN DE LOS ESPACIOS PUBLICITARIOS EN TVE |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1974/06/13/042.html |access-date=20 May 2014 |website=[[ABC (España)|ABC]] |publisher=[[Vocento]] |page= |format=PDF}}</ref> * 22 Nuwamba: An nada Jesús Sancho Rof a matsayin Darakta Janar na RTVE . == Tattaunawa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Taken asali !Tashar !Farko !Mai wasan kwaikwayo / Masu karɓar bakuncin !Irin wannan |- |- |''Mutanen Espanya miliyan 35'' |1 |1975-12-04 |José Antonio Plaza |Nunin iri-iri |- |''A cikin iska'' |1 |1975-03-28 | |Waƙoƙi |- |''Yanzu'' |2 |1974-11-17 | |Waƙoƙi |- |''Tarihin Spain'' |1 |1974-10-06 | |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Haka ya kasance...'' |2 |1974-04-20 |Jana Escribano |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Yanke sa'a''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 1974 |title=Cambie su suerte |url=http://hemeroteca.laVanguardia.com/preview/1974/04/02/pagina-58/34235548/pdf.html |access-date= |website=[[La Vanguardia]] |language=es}}</ref> |1 |1974-04-02 |Joaquín Prat |Quiz Show |- |''Yin waka da dariya'' |1 |1974-12-23 |Masu yaudara na Talabijin |Yara |- |''Fuskar ƙasar'' |1 |1974-04-19 |Josep Meliá |Tattaunawa |- |''Darussan koyarwa'' |2 |1974-02-02 | |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga'' |1 |1974-10-24 |Tina Sáinz |Yara |- |''Al'adu 2'' |2 |1974-12-08 |Fernando Méndez Leite |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Don Juan'' |1 |1974-06-01 |Pedro Osinaga |Musamman |- |''Mutum da Duniya'' |1 |1974-03-04 |Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente |Hotuna |- |''Mai lalata'' |1 |1974-10-14 |Fernando Fernán Gómez |Jerin wasan kwaikwayo |- |''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo'' |1 |1974-10-11 | |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo |- |''Marubutan yau'' |1 |1974-11-05 | |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo |- |''Bikin! '' |1 |1974-10-19 |Judy Stephen |Yara |- |''Labarai tare da kalmomi da kiɗa'' |1 |1974-11-24 | |Waƙoƙi |- |''Yau 14'15'' |1 |1974-10-02 |José María Íñigo |Nunin iri-iri |- |''Bayani 2'' |2 |1974-07-07 | |Labarai |- |''Juan da Manuela'' |1 |1974-04-16 |Ana Diosdado |Sitcom |- |''Comet orange'' |1 |1974-04-14 | |Yara |- |''Tarihin nan gaba'' |1 |1974-03-06 |Luis Miravitlles |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Makon'' |1 |1974-10-10 |Carmen Lázaro |Matasa |- |''Cibiyoyin''<ref name="cambio" /> |1 |1974-10-17 | |Labarai |- |''Shin kun san shi?'' |1 |1974-11-26 |Pedro Ruiz |Quiz Show |- |''Darussan da...'' |1 |1974-10-19 |Andrés Gimeno |Wasanni |- |''Abin da Tip da Coll suka yi'' |1 |1974-10-06 |[[Tip y Coll|Tushen da Coll]] |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''Littattafai''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Clásicos y modernos. La serie ''Los libros'' y la televisión de la Transición |url=http://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/29/57/_ebook.pdf |website=FERNÁNDEZ, Luis Miguel}}</ref> |1 |1974-02-03 | |Labari ne |- |''Masu haukace'' |1 |1974-07-30 |José Sazatornil |Sitcom |- |''Ƙananan tsuntsaye''<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 1973 |title=''Los pajaritos'', una historia de humor y contaminación |url=http://hemeroteca.laVanguardia.com/preview/1973/08/17/pagina-27/34272437/pdf.html |access-date= |website=[[La Vanguardia]] |language=es}}</ref> |1 |1974-01-21 |Julia Caba Alba |Fim din talabijin |- |''Masu zane-zane na Prado'' |1 |1974-04-17 | |Labari ne |- |''<nowiki/>'Yan jarida'' |1 |1975-06-15 |Diego Carcedo |Hotuna |- |''Fiye da labarin''<ref name="cambio" /> |1 |1975-11-26 | |Labarai |- |''Duniya pop'' |1 |1974-05-08 |Fernando Garciapelayo |Waƙoƙi |- |''Waƙoƙin kiɗa'' |2 |1974-11-14 |Ramón Trecet |Waƙoƙi |- |''Dare na wasan kwaikwayo'' |1 |1974-04-19 | |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo |- |''Aikin torpedo'' |1 |1974-05-08 |José Miguel Flores |Nunin Quiz |- |''Na asali'' |1 |1974-11-27 | |Labari ne |- |''Kalmomin da aka haɗu'' |2 |1974-12-18 | |Labari ne |- |''Duniyar Rayayye'' |2 |1974-11-13 | |Hotuna |- |''Sa'a ta farko'' |1 |1974-10-06 | |Yara |- |''Shirin yanki na lokaci guda'' |1 |1974-12-02 | |Labarai |- |''Tunanin'' |1 |1974-10-13 | |Addini |- |''Mujallar fim'' |1 |1974-01-06 |Alfonso Eduardo |Fim din |- |''Sabuwar mako''<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 1974 |title=Modificación en la Segunda Cadena de TVE |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1974/04/16/107.html |access-date= |website=[[Diario ABC]] |language=es}}</ref> |2 |1974-04-15 | |Nunin iri-iri |- |''Matanni da Maza!'' |1 |1974-05-04 |Victoria Vera |Nunin iri-iri |- |''Kwanaki Bakwai''<ref name="cambio" /> |1 |1974-10-06 |José Antonio Silva |Labarai |- |''Shiru, mun fara'' |1 |1974-04-17 |Adolfo Marsillach |Labari ne |- |''A kan filin''<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 1974 |title=''Sobre el terreno'', nuevo programa deportivo de TVE |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1974/08/31/041.html |access-date= |website=[[Diario ABC]] |language=es}}</ref> |1 |1974-09-08 |Juan José Castillo |Wasanni |- |''Duniyarka ta kai'' |1 |1974-05-11 | |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Ya faru'' |1 |1974-05-10 | |Labarai |- |''Murmushi na Spain'' |1 |1974-10-11 |Antonio Ferrandis |Labari ne |- |''Sadarwar sadarwa'' |1 | | | |- |''Mujallar Talabijin'' |1 |1974-05-06 |Clara Isabel Faransa |Kimiyya / Al'adu |- |''Nunin Talabijin'' |2 | | | |- |''Batutuwa 74'' |2 |1974-11-08 | |Nunin iri-iri |- |''Duk abin da zai yiwu a ranar Lahadi'' |1 |1974-03-24 |Juan Antonio Fernández Abajo |Nunin iri-iri |- |''Ɗaya daga cikin balloons, biyu, uku''<ref name="cambio">{{Cite web |date=20 September 1978 |title=Cambio en todos los programas de TVE |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1974/09/20/082.html |access-date= |website=[[Diario ABC]] |language=es}}</ref> |1 |1974-10-06 |María Luisa Seco |Yara |- |''Lokaci ɗaya, don Allah'' |1 |1974-06-15 | |Addini |- |} == Manazarta == psh0m6lzozgl47a3vwnibh2p7t6mg0s 0 162403 888315 2026-07-27T21:57:54Z Najeebyusuf 45048 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357592718|Commercial determinants of health]]" 888315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abubuwan kasuwanci na kiwon lafiya (CDH)''' , wani ɓangare na manyan abubuwan zamantakewa na kiwon lafiyar, ayyukan kamfanoni ne masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke tasiri ga bambance-bambance na mutum da na rukuni a matsayin kiwon lafiya. Kalmar 'kasuwanci' tana da alaƙa da ayyukan da aka nufa don samar da riba. Musamman, tallafin karatu na CDH ya damu da hanyoyin da masu cin riba na masana'antu a cikin abinci / abin sha, hakar albarkatu, mota, barasa, caca, taba, da masana'antun makamai suka yi rikici da lafiyar jama'a.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Ndebele |first=Paul |last2=Shaikh |first2=Hina |last3=Paichadze |first3=Nino |last4=Bari |first4=Imran |last5=Michaels |first5=David |last6=Santos Burgoa |first6=Carlos |last7=Hyder |first7=Adnan A. |date=September 2020 |title=Commercial determinants of health: an ethical exploration |journal=International Journal of Public Health |volume=65 |issue=7 |pages=1123–1132 |doi=10.1007/s00038-020-01427-x |issn=1661-8564 |pmid=32840631}}</ref><ref name=":222">{{Cite journal |last=Millar |first=John S. |date=2013-07-01 |title=The Corporate Determinants of Health: How Big Business Affects Our Health, and the Need for Government Action! |url=https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.104.3849 |journal=Canadian Journal of Public Health |language=en |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=e327–e329 |doi=10.17269/cjph.104.3849 |issn=1920-7476 |pmc=6973691 |pmid=24044474}}</ref> Abubuwan kasuwanci na kiwon lafiya sun rufe fannoni uku na mayar da hankali: kayayyaki marasa lafiya waɗanda ke taimakawa ga cututtuka da rashin lafiya; kasuwanci, kasuwa, da ayyukan siyasa waɗanda ke tallata waɗannan kayayyaki da kuma tsara yanayin manufofi a cikin ni'imarsu; da kuma "masu tuka duniya" na rashin lafiya, kamar tattalin arzikin kasuwa da duniya, wanda ke ba da damar da ƙarfafa waɗannan ayyukan masu cutarwa.<ref name=":35">{{Cite journal |last=Mialon |first=Melissa |date=2020-08-17 |title=An overview of the commercial determinants of health |journal=Globalization and Health |volume=16 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s12992-020-00607-x |issn=1744-8603 |pmc=7433173 |pmid=32807183 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Gabatarwa == Binciken da ke kewaye da batun ya fito ne a cikin 2013 lokacin da likitan lafiyar jama'a Dokta John Millar ya gabatar da kalmar "masu ƙayyade lafiyar kamfanoni", yana nufin tasirin da ya dace da mara kyau da manyan kamfanoni ke da shi a kan lafiyar jama'ar.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Millar |first=John S. |date=2013-07-01 |title=The Corporate Determinants of Health: How Big Business Affects Our Health, and the Need for Government Action! |url=https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.104.3849 |journal=Canadian Journal of Public Health |language=en |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=e327–e329 |doi=10.17269/cjph.104.3849 |issn=1920-7476 |pmc=6973691 |pmid=24044474}}</ref> Kalmar "masu ƙayyade kasuwanci na kiwon lafiya" sun shiga tattaunawar ilimi daga baya a cikin 2013, an ba da yabo ga West da Marteau.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=West |first=Robert |last2=Marteau |first2=Theresa |date=2013 |title=Commentary on Casswell (2013): The commercial determinants of health |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.12118 |journal=Addiction |language=en |volume=108 |issue=4 |pages=686–687 |doi=10.1111/add.12118 |issn=1360-0443 |pmid=23496068 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kalmar ta zama sananne bayan 2016 biyo bayan sabon ma'anar ta Kickbusch et al., waɗanda suka bayyana CDH a matsayin "dabaru da hanyoyin da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke amfani da su don inganta samfuran da zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda ke da lahani ga kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kickbusch |first=Ilona |last2=Allen |first2=Luke |last3=Franz |first3=Christian |date=December 2016 |title=The commercial determinants of health |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214109X16302170 |journal=The Lancet Global Health |language=en |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=e895–e896 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30217-0 |pmid=27855860 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == bd7m0biyvd5f6yixsxbqasglxbcs4rs 888316 888315 2026-07-27T21:58:32Z Najeebyusuf 45048 888316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abubuwan kasuwanci na kiwon lafiya (CDH)''' , wani ɓangare na manyan abubuwan zamantakewa na kiwon lafiyar, ayyukan kamfanoni ne masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke tasiri ga bambance-bambance na mutum da na rukuni a matsayin kiwon lafiya. Kalmar 'kasuwanci' tana da alaƙa da ayyukan da aka nufa don samar da riba. Musamman, tallafin karatu na CDH ya damu da hanyoyin da masu cin riba na masana'antu a cikin abinci / abin sha, hakar albarkatu, mota, barasa, caca, taba, da masana'antun makamai suka yi rikici da lafiyar jama'a.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Ndebele |first=Paul |last2=Shaikh |first2=Hina |last3=Paichadze |first3=Nino |last4=Bari |first4=Imran |last5=Michaels |first5=David |last6=Santos Burgoa |first6=Carlos |last7=Hyder |first7=Adnan A. |date=September 2020 |title=Commercial determinants of health: an ethical exploration |journal=International Journal of Public Health |volume=65 |issue=7 |pages=1123–1132 |doi=10.1007/s00038-020-01427-x |issn=1661-8564 |pmid=32840631}}</ref><ref name=":222">{{Cite journal |last=Millar |first=John S. |date=2013-07-01 |title=The Corporate Determinants of Health: How Big Business Affects Our Health, and the Need for Government Action! |url=https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.104.3849 |journal=Canadian Journal of Public Health |language=en |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=e327–e329 |doi=10.17269/cjph.104.3849 |issn=1920-7476 |pmc=6973691 |pmid=24044474}}</ref> Abubuwan kasuwanci na kiwon lafiya sun rufe fannoni uku na mayar da hankali: kayayyaki marasa lafiya waɗanda ke taimakawa ga cututtuka da rashin lafiya; kasuwanci, kasuwa, da ayyukan siyasa waɗanda ke tallata waɗannan kayayyaki da kuma tsara yanayin manufofi a cikin ni'imarsu; da kuma "masu tuka duniya" na rashin lafiya, kamar tattalin arzikin kasuwa da duniya, wanda ke ba da damar da ƙarfafa waɗannan ayyukan masu cutarwa.<ref name=":35">{{Cite journal |last=Mialon |first=Melissa |date=2020-08-17 |title=An overview of the commercial determinants of health |journal=Globalization and Health |volume=16 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s12992-020-00607-x |issn=1744-8603 |pmc=7433173 |pmid=32807183 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Gabatarwa == Binciken da ke kewaye da batun ya fito ne a cikin 2013 lokacin da likitan lafiyar jama'a Dokta John Millar ya gabatar da kalmar "masu ƙayyade lafiyar kamfanoni", yana nufin tasirin da ya dace da mara kyau da manyan kamfanoni ke da shi a kan lafiyar jama'ar.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Millar |first=John S. |date=2013-07-01 |title=The Corporate Determinants of Health: How Big Business Affects Our Health, and the Need for Government Action! |url=https://doi.org/10.17269/cjph.104.3849 |journal=Canadian Journal of Public Health |language=en |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=e327–e329 |doi=10.17269/cjph.104.3849 |issn=1920-7476 |pmc=6973691 |pmid=24044474}}</ref> Kalmar "masu ƙayyade kasuwanci na kiwon lafiya" sun shiga tattaunawar ilimi daga baya a cikin 2013, an ba da yabo ga West da Marteau.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=West |first=Robert |last2=Marteau |first2=Theresa |date=2013 |title=Commentary on Casswell (2013): The commercial determinants of health |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.12118 |journal=Addiction |language=en |volume=108 |issue=4 |pages=686–687 |doi=10.1111/add.12118 |issn=1360-0443 |pmid=23496068 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kalmar ta zama sananne bayan 2016 biyo bayan sabon ma'anar ta Kickbusch et al., waɗanda suka bayyana CDH a matsayin "dabaru da hanyoyin da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke amfani da su don inganta samfuran da zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda ke da lahani ga kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kickbusch |first=Ilona |last2=Allen |first2=Luke |last3=Franz |first3=Christian |date=December 2016 |title=The commercial determinants of health |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214109X16302170 |journal=The Lancet Global Health |language=en |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=e895–e896 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30217-0 |pmid=27855860 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == glqqhy2hpzzfe91qur8ordetagcrx3p 0 162404 888317 2026-07-27T22:03:30Z Najeebyusuf 45048 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366365051|Amphetamine]]" 888317 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amphetamine'''[bayanin 2] shine tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS) wanda ake amfani dashi wajen magance matsalar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD) da [[narcolepsy]]; ana kuma amfani dashi don magance matsalar cin abinci mai yawa a cikin hanyar [[lisdexamfetamine]]. A tarihi, an yi amfani da shi don magance ƙarancin hanci da baƙin ciki. Ana kuma amfani da Amphetamine a matsayin [[Performance-enhancing substance|mai haɓaka wasan motsa jiki]] da mai haɓaka fahimta, da kuma nishaɗi a matsayin [[aphrodisiac]] da euphoriant. Magunguna ne na magani a kasashe da yawa, kuma mallaka da rarraba amphetamine ba tare da izini ba sau da yawa ana sarrafa su sosai saboda manyan haɗarin kiwon lafiya da ke tattare da amfani da nishaɗi.[sources 1] A magungunan warkewa, amphetamine yana haifar da tasirin motsin rai da na fahimta kamar euphoria, canji a sha'awar jima'i, karuwar farkawa, da ingantaccen kulawar fahimta. Yana haifar da tasirin jiki kamar ingantaccen lokacin amsawa, juriya gajiya, rage abinci, hauhawar bugun zuciya, da karuwar ƙarfin tsoka. Babban allurai na amphetamine na iya lalata aikin fahimta kuma ya haifar da saurin lalacewar tsoka. [[Addiction|Jaraba]] babbar haɗari ce tare da amfani da amphetamine mai yawa na nishaɗi, amma ba zai yiwu ya faru daga amfani da likita na dogon lokaci a allurai na warkewa ba. Babban allurai na iya haifar da psychosis, wanda ba ya faruwa a allurai na warkewa har ma a lokacin amfani na dogon lokaci. Allurai na nishaɗi gabaɗaya sun fi girma fiye da allurai na warkewa da aka tsara kuma suna ɗauke da haɗarin haɗari mai tsanani.[sources 3] == Manazarta == on4wj6140sa9cmuifvwh8rzd7mj0ywd 888318 888317 2026-07-27T22:04:09Z Najeebyusuf 45048 888318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amphetamine'''[bayanin 2] shine tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS) wanda ake amfani dashi wajen magance matsalar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD) da [[narcolepsy]]; ana kuma amfani dashi don magance matsalar cin abinci mai yawa a cikin hanyar [[lisdexamfetamine]]. A tarihi, an yi amfani da shi don magance ƙarancin hanci da baƙin ciki. Ana kuma amfani da Amphetamine a matsayin [[Performance-enhancing substance|mai haɓaka wasan motsa jiki]] da mai haɓaka fahimta, da kuma nishaɗi a matsayin [[aphrodisiac]] da euphoriant. Magunguna ne na magani a kasashe da yawa, kuma mallaka da rarraba amphetamine ba tare da izini ba sau da yawa ana sarrafa su sosai saboda manyan haɗarin kiwon lafiya da ke tattare da amfani da nishaɗi.[sources 1] A magungunan warkewa, amphetamine yana haifar da tasirin motsin rai da na fahimta kamar euphoria, canji a sha'awar jima'i, karuwar farkawa, da ingantaccen kulawar fahimta. Yana haifar da tasirin jiki kamar ingantaccen lokacin amsawa, juriya gajiya, rage abinci, hauhawar bugun zuciya, da karuwar ƙarfin tsoka. Babban allurai na amphetamine na iya lalata aikin fahimta kuma ya haifar da saurin lalacewar tsoka. [[Addiction|Jaraba]] babbar haɗari ce tare da amfani da amphetamine mai yawa na nishaɗi, amma ba zai yiwu ya faru daga amfani da likita na dogon lokaci a allurai na warkewa ba. Babban allurai na iya haifar da psychosis, wanda ba ya faruwa a allurai na warkewa har ma a lokacin amfani na dogon lokaci. Allurai na nishaɗi gabaɗaya sun fi girma fiye da allurai na warkewa da aka tsara kuma suna ɗauke da haɗarin haɗari mai tsanani.[sources 3] == Manazarta == g7i1z514dc6vjuh0ueh5dcg00tyqmwl 0 162405 888359 2026-07-28T06:26:38Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355998167|Unicorn Peak]]" 888359 wikitext text/x-wiki   Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Unicorn Peak babban tudu ne mai tsawon mita 2,971 a cikin Lewis County na jihar [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], Amurka. Shi ne mafi girman matsayi a cikin Tatoosh Range wanda yake wani yanki ne na Cascade Range . Tana cikin Dutsen Rainier National Park, kudu da Dutsen Raineer . Ruwan sama daga ƙananan kankara na dutsen, kamar Unicorn Glacier, yana gudana cikin Kogin Cowlitz. Sunan bayanin shine don kamannin dutsen da kai da ƙaho na unicorn. An karɓi sunan a hukumance a cikin 1913 ta Hukumar Amurka kan Sunayen Yanayi. == Yanayi == Unicorn Peak yana cikin yankin yanayi na yammacin yammacin yamma na yammacin Arewacin Amurka. Yawancin yanayin da suka samo asali a cikin Tekun Pacific suna tafiya zuwa arewa maso gabas zuwa Dutsen Cascade. Yayin da gaba ke gabatowa, ana tilasta su sama da tsaunuka na Cascade Range (orographic lift), wanda ke sa su sauke danshi a cikin ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan Cascades. A sakamakon haka, gefen yammacin Cascades yana fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa, musamman a lokacin watanni na hunturu a cikin nau'in dusar ƙanƙara.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> Saboda [[Yanayin teku|Tasirin teku]], dusar ƙanƙara tana da rigar da nauyi, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin Ruwan sama.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> A lokacin watanni na hunturu, yanayi yawanci yana da hazo, amma saboda tsarin matsin lamba a kan Tekun Pacific wanda ke karuwa a lokacin watanni na rani, sau da yawa akwai kadan ko babu girgije a lokacin rani.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> Saboda yanayin zafi da kusanci da Tekun Pacific, yankunan yammacin Cascade Crest da wuya suna fuskantar yanayin zafi a ƙasa da {{Convert|0|°F|°C}} ° F (-18 ° C) ko sama da {{Convert|80|°F|°C}} ° F (27 ° C). <ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> == Gidan hotuna == <gallery class="center"> Fayil:Unicorn_Peak_8421s.JPG|Unicorn Peak (left), with West Unicorn Peak (center), and Foss Peak (right) Fayil:Unicorn_Peak_MRNP.jpg|Unicorn Peak </gallery> == Duba kuma == {{left|{{Portal|Mountains}}}} * Geology na Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific * Yanayin Washington (jiha) * Jerin siffofin ƙasa a cikin Lewis County, Washington == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Hasashen yanayi: Unicorn Peak[https://www.yr.no/en/forecast/daily-table/2-5814404/United%20States/Washington/Lewis/Unicorn%20Peak Ƙarshen Unicorn] * Shafin yanar gizon National Park Service: Mount Rainier National Park[https://www.nps.gov/mora/index.htm Gidan shakatawa na Mount Rainier] 7tuh4qv43ku43ltxxfffkc2w6lmfm6p 888360 888359 2026-07-28T06:27:54Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 888360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Unicorn Peak babban tudu ne mai tsawon mita 2,971 a cikin Lewis County na jihar [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], Amurka. Shi ne mafi girman matsayi a cikin Tatoosh Range wanda yake wani yanki ne na Cascade Range . Tana cikin Dutsen Rainier National Park, kudu da Dutsen Raineer . Ruwan sama daga ƙananan kankara na dutsen, kamar Unicorn Glacier, yana gudana cikin Kogin Cowlitz. Sunan bayanin shine don kamannin dutsen da kai da ƙaho na unicorn. An karɓi sunan a hukumance a cikin 1913 ta Hukumar Amurka kan Sunayen Yanayi. == Yanayi == Unicorn Peak yana cikin yankin yanayi na yammacin yammacin yamma na yammacin Arewacin Amurka. Yawancin yanayin da suka samo asali a cikin Tekun Pacific suna tafiya zuwa arewa maso gabas zuwa Dutsen Cascade. Yayin da gaba ke gabatowa, ana tilasta su sama da tsaunuka na Cascade Range (orographic lift), wanda ke sa su sauke danshi a cikin ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan Cascades. A sakamakon haka, gefen yammacin Cascades yana fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa, musamman a lokacin watanni na hunturu a cikin nau'in dusar ƙanƙara.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> Saboda [[Yanayin teku|Tasirin teku]], dusar ƙanƙara tana da rigar da nauyi, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin Ruwan sama.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> A lokacin watanni na hunturu, yanayi yawanci yana da hazo, amma saboda tsarin matsin lamba a kan Tekun Pacific wanda ke karuwa a lokacin watanni na rani, sau da yawa akwai kadan ko babu girgije a lokacin rani.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> Saboda yanayin zafi da kusanci da Tekun Pacific, yankunan yammacin Cascade Crest da wuya suna fuskantar yanayin zafi a ƙasa da {{Convert|0|°F|°C}} ° F (-18 ° C) ko sama da {{Convert|80|°F|°C}} ° F (27 ° C). <ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> == Gidan hotuna == <gallery class="center"> Fayil:Unicorn_Peak_8421s.JPG|Unicorn Peak (left), with West Unicorn Peak (center), and Foss Peak (right) Fayil:Unicorn_Peak_MRNP.jpg|Unicorn Peak </gallery> == Duba kuma == {{left|{{Portal|Mountains}}}} * Geology na Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific * Yanayin Washington (jiha) * Jerin siffofin ƙasa a cikin Lewis County, Washington == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Hasashen yanayi: Unicorn Peak[https://www.yr.no/en/forecast/daily-table/2-5814404/United%20States/Washington/Lewis/Unicorn%20Peak Ƙarshen Unicorn] * Shafin yanar gizon National Park Service: Mount Rainier National Park[https://www.nps.gov/mora/index.htm Gidan shakatawa na Mount Rainier] 9mlf780arb272nv77fj44rhtygunn5a 888361 888360 2026-07-28T06:29:40Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 888361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Unicorn Peak babban tudu ne mai tsawon mita 2,971 a cikin Lewis County na jihar [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], Amurka. Shi ne mafi girman matsayi a cikin Tatoosh Range wanda yake wani yanki ne na Cascade Range . Tana cikin Dutsen Rainier National Park, kudu da Dutsen Raineer . Ruwan sama daga ƙananan kankara na dutsen, kamar Unicorn Glacier, yana gudana cikin Kogin Cowlitz. Sunan bayanin shine don kamannin dutsen da kai da ƙaho na unicorn. An karɓi sunan a hukumance a cikin 1913 ta Hukumar Amurka kan Sunayen Yanayi.<ref name="gnis">{{cite gnis|id=1527606|name=Unicorn Peak|access-date=February 24, 2020}}</ref> == Yanayi == Unicorn Peak yana cikin yankin yanayi na yammacin yammacin yamma na yammacin Arewacin Amurka. Yawancin yanayin da suka samo asali a cikin Tekun Pacific suna tafiya zuwa arewa maso gabas zuwa Dutsen Cascade. Yayin da gaba ke gabatowa, ana tilasta su sama da tsaunuka na Cascade Range (orographic lift), wanda ke sa su sauke danshi a cikin ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan Cascades. A sakamakon haka, gefen yammacin Cascades yana fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa, musamman a lokacin watanni na hunturu a cikin nau'in dusar ƙanƙara.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> Saboda [[Yanayin teku|Tasirin teku]], dusar ƙanƙara tana da rigar da nauyi, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin Ruwan sama.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> A lokacin watanni na hunturu, yanayi yawanci yana da hazo, amma saboda tsarin matsin lamba a kan Tekun Pacific wanda ke karuwa a lokacin watanni na rani, sau da yawa akwai kadan ko babu girgije a lokacin rani.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> Saboda yanayin zafi da kusanci da Tekun Pacific, yankunan yammacin Cascade Crest da wuya suna fuskantar yanayin zafi a ƙasa da {{Convert|0|°F|°C}} ° F (-18 ° C) ko sama da {{Convert|80|°F|°C}} ° F (27 ° C). <ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> == Gidan hotuna == <gallery class="center"> Fayil:Unicorn_Peak_8421s.JPG|Unicorn Peak (left), with West Unicorn Peak (center), and Foss Peak (right) Fayil:Unicorn_Peak_MRNP.jpg|Unicorn Peak </gallery> == Duba kuma == {{left|{{Portal|Mountains}}}} * Geology na Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific * Yanayin Washington (jiha) * Jerin siffofin ƙasa a cikin Lewis County, Washington == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Hasashen yanayi: Unicorn Peak[https://www.yr.no/en/forecast/daily-table/2-5814404/United%20States/Washington/Lewis/Unicorn%20Peak Ƙarshen Unicorn] * Shafin yanar gizon National Park Service: Mount Rainier National Park[https://www.nps.gov/mora/index.htm Gidan shakatawa na Mount Rainier] t4m995jtib3gwkmy6kkdjin7eivlraj 888362 888361 2026-07-28T06:32:56Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Yanayi */ 888362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Unicorn Peak babban tudu ne mai tsawon mita 2,971 a cikin Lewis County na jihar [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], Amurka. Shi ne mafi girman matsayi a cikin Tatoosh Range wanda yake wani yanki ne na Cascade Range . Tana cikin Dutsen Rainier National Park, kudu da Dutsen Raineer . Ruwan sama daga ƙananan kankara na dutsen, kamar Unicorn Glacier, yana gudana cikin Kogin Cowlitz. Sunan bayanin shine don kamannin dutsen da kai da ƙaho na unicorn. An karɓi sunan a hukumance a cikin 1913 ta Hukumar Amurka kan Sunayen Yanayi.<ref name="gnis">{{cite gnis|id=1527606|name=Unicorn Peak|access-date=February 24, 2020}}</ref> == Yanayi == Unicorn Peak yana cikin yankin yanayi na yammacin yammacin yamma na yammacin Arewacin Amurka.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008">Beckey, Fred W. Cascade Alpine Guide, Climbing and High Routes. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers Books, 2008.</ref> Yawancin yanayin da suka samo asali a cikin Tekun Pacific suna tafiya zuwa arewa maso gabas zuwa Dutsen Cascade. Yayin da gaba ke gabatowa, ana tilasta su sama da tsaunuka na Cascade Range (orographic lift), wanda ke sa su sauke danshi a cikin ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan Cascades. A sakamakon haka, gefen yammacin Cascades yana fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa, musamman a lokacin watanni na hunturu a cikin nau'in dusar ƙanƙara.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> Saboda [[Yanayin teku|Tasirin teku]], dusar ƙanƙara tana da rigar da nauyi, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin Ruwan sama.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> A lokacin watanni na hunturu, yanayi yawanci yana da hazo, amma saboda tsarin matsin lamba a kan Tekun Pacific wanda ke karuwa a lokacin watanni na rani, sau da yawa akwai kadan ko babu girgije a lokacin rani.<ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> Saboda yanayin zafi da kusanci da Tekun Pacific, yankunan yammacin Cascade Crest da wuya suna fuskantar yanayin zafi a ƙasa da {{Convert|0|°F|°C}} ° F (-18 ° C) ko sama da {{Convert|80|°F|°C}} ° F (27 ° C). <ref name="Beckey, Fred W 2008" /> == Gidan hotuna == <gallery class="center"> Fayil:Unicorn_Peak_8421s.JPG|Unicorn Peak (left), with West Unicorn Peak (center), and Foss Peak (right) Fayil:Unicorn_Peak_MRNP.jpg|Unicorn Peak </gallery> == Duba kuma == {{left|{{Portal|Mountains}}}} * Geology na Arewa maso Yammacin Pacific * Yanayin Washington (jiha) * Jerin siffofin ƙasa a cikin Lewis County, Washington == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Hasashen yanayi: Unicorn Peak[https://www.yr.no/en/forecast/daily-table/2-5814404/United%20States/Washington/Lewis/Unicorn%20Peak Ƙarshen Unicorn] * Shafin yanar gizon National Park Service: Mount Rainier National Park[https://www.nps.gov/mora/index.htm Gidan shakatawa na Mount Rainier] t8ubepcngt4n5cx6gj7twvce67svdpz 0 162406 888363 2026-07-28T06:37:36Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365312537|Lawal Olohungbebe]]" 888363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]] . Ya rike mukamin a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamnan Jihar Kwara kan Ci gaban Al'umma har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a ta Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=appointment as the Senior Special Adviser to the governor on community development |url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/kwara-gov-appoints-dr-olohungbebe-ssa-on-community-devt/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Olohungbebe yana da digiri na biyu daga [[Jami'ar Bayero]], Kano (BUK), ya sami digiri na biyu a ci gaban al'umma daga Jami'an Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomosho kuma ya sami digiri ya farko a cikin Sociology da Anthropology daga Jami'in Maiduguri, Jihar Borno.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == Olohungbebe da farko ya kasance Malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]], Malete kafin a nada shi a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamna Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq kan ci gaban al'umma a ranar 3 ga Disamba 2023. A ranar 10 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, Bayan sake fasalin majalisar ministoci da Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]] ya yi, an nada Dokta Olohungbebe a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a a jihar Kwara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe the New Commissioner of the Ministry of Education and Human Capital Development in Kwara State. – Home I Kwara State University |url=https://kwasu.edu.ng/dr-lawal-olalekan-olohungbebe-the-new-commissioner-of-the-ministry-of-education-and-human-capital-development-in-kwara-state/}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, ya zama shugaban Kwamishinonin Ilimi na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Lawal Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Commends Gov Abdulrazaq's Efforts |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=37573 |website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Princewill |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Olohungbebe Emerges Chairman of Education Commissioners in Nigeria |url=https://factualtimesng.com/olohungbebe-emerges-chairman-of-education-commissioners-in-nigeria/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eyes |first=Afrika |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Sarkin Gobir Congratulates Olorungbebe On Election As National Education Commissioners Forum Chair |url=https://afrikaeyes.com/sarkin-gobir-congratulates-olorungbebe-on-election-as-national-education-commissioners-forum-chair/}}</ref> kasancewa fuska da wakilin sauran kwamishinonin ilimi a fadin jihohin kasar a matakin tarayya yana aiki tare da Ministan Ilimi, Tunji Alausa .<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Kwara Commissioner Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Takes Over COSCEN Secretariat — Edugist |url=https://edugist.org/kwara-commissioner-olohungbebe-emerges-chair-of-nigerias-education-commissioners-takes-over-coscen-secretariat/}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] os08wprifpczcgag1ukcs2q9hqc6tzc 888364 888363 2026-07-28T06:39:17Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 888364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]] . Ya rike mukamin a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamnan Jihar Kwara kan Ci gaban Al'umma har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a ta Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=appointment as the Senior Special Adviser to the governor on community development |url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/kwara-gov-appoints-dr-olohungbebe-ssa-on-community-devt/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Olohungbebe yana da digiri na biyu daga [[Jami'ar Bayero]], Kano (BUK), ya sami digiri na biyu a ci gaban al'umma daga Jami'an Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomosho kuma ya sami digiri ya farko a cikin Sociology da Anthropology daga Jami'in Maiduguri, Jihar Borno.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == Olohungbebe da farko ya kasance Malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]], Malete kafin a nada shi a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamna Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq kan ci gaban al'umma a ranar 3 ga Disamba 2023. A ranar 10 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, Bayan sake fasalin majalisar ministoci da Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]] ya yi, an nada Dokta Olohungbebe a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a a jihar Kwara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe the New Commissioner of the Ministry of Education and Human Capital Development in Kwara State. – Home I Kwara State University |url=https://kwasu.edu.ng/dr-lawal-olalekan-olohungbebe-the-new-commissioner-of-the-ministry-of-education-and-human-capital-development-in-kwara-state/}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, ya zama shugaban Kwamishinonin Ilimi na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Lawal Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Commends Gov Abdulrazaq's Efforts |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=37573 |website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Princewill |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Olohungbebe Emerges Chairman of Education Commissioners in Nigeria |url=https://factualtimesng.com/olohungbebe-emerges-chairman-of-education-commissioners-in-nigeria/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eyes |first=Afrika |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Sarkin Gobir Congratulates Olorungbebe On Election As National Education Commissioners Forum Chair |url=https://afrikaeyes.com/sarkin-gobir-congratulates-olorungbebe-on-election-as-national-education-commissioners-forum-chair/}}</ref> kasancewa fuska da wakilin sauran kwamishinonin ilimi a fadin jihohin kasar a matakin tarayya yana aiki tare da Ministan Ilimi, Tunji Alausa .<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Kwara Commissioner Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Takes Over COSCEN Secretariat — Edugist |url=https://edugist.org/kwara-commissioner-olohungbebe-emerges-chair-of-nigerias-education-commissioners-takes-over-coscen-secretariat/}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8bqj35vhwo3pukpkg525h0u4s223d0z 888366 888364 2026-07-28T06:41:22Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 888366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]] . Ya rike mukamin a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamnan Jihar Kwara kan Ci gaban Al'umma<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/kwara-governor-abdulrazaq-appoints-29-aides/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Kwara governor Abdulrazaq appoints 29 aides|first=Adekunle|last=Jimoh|date=November 11, 2023|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/kwara-gov-appoints-dr-olohungbebe-ssa-on-community-devt/|title=appointment as the Senior Special Adviser to the governor on community development}}</ref> har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a ta Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=appointment as the Senior Special Adviser to the governor on community development |url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/kwara-gov-appoints-dr-olohungbebe-ssa-on-community-devt/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Olohungbebe yana da digiri na biyu daga [[Jami'ar Bayero]], Kano (BUK), ya sami digiri na biyu a ci gaban al'umma daga Jami'an Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomosho kuma ya sami digiri ya farko a cikin Sociology da Anthropology daga Jami'in Maiduguri, Jihar Borno.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == Olohungbebe da farko ya kasance Malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]], Malete kafin a nada shi a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamna Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq kan ci gaban al'umma a ranar 3 ga Disamba 2023. A ranar 10 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, Bayan sake fasalin majalisar ministoci da Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]] ya yi, an nada Dokta Olohungbebe a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a a jihar Kwara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe the New Commissioner of the Ministry of Education and Human Capital Development in Kwara State. – Home I Kwara State University |url=https://kwasu.edu.ng/dr-lawal-olalekan-olohungbebe-the-new-commissioner-of-the-ministry-of-education-and-human-capital-development-in-kwara-state/}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, ya zama shugaban Kwamishinonin Ilimi na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Lawal Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Commends Gov Abdulrazaq's Efforts |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=37573 |website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Princewill |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Olohungbebe Emerges Chairman of Education Commissioners in Nigeria |url=https://factualtimesng.com/olohungbebe-emerges-chairman-of-education-commissioners-in-nigeria/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eyes |first=Afrika |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Sarkin Gobir Congratulates Olorungbebe On Election As National Education Commissioners Forum Chair |url=https://afrikaeyes.com/sarkin-gobir-congratulates-olorungbebe-on-election-as-national-education-commissioners-forum-chair/}}</ref> kasancewa fuska da wakilin sauran kwamishinonin ilimi a fadin jihohin kasar a matakin tarayya yana aiki tare da Ministan Ilimi, Tunji Alausa .<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Kwara Commissioner Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Takes Over COSCEN Secretariat — Edugist |url=https://edugist.org/kwara-commissioner-olohungbebe-emerges-chair-of-nigerias-education-commissioners-takes-over-coscen-secretariat/}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rvg1xulp2mlf7b1ryfyx9a1od4ntvn6 888368 888366 2026-07-28T06:43:06Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 888368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]] . Ya rike mukamin a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamnan Jihar Kwara kan Ci gaban Al'umma<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/kwara-governor-abdulrazaq-appoints-29-aides/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Kwara governor Abdulrazaq appoints 29 aides|first=Adekunle|last=Jimoh|date=November 11, 2023|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/kwara-gov-appoints-dr-olohungbebe-ssa-on-community-devt/|title=appointment as the Senior Special Adviser to the governor on community development}}</ref> har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a ta Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]].<ref name="auto">https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/education-commissioner-tasks-teachers-others-on-punctuality-dutifulness/</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/kwara-gov-reshuffles-cabinet-swears-in-two-commissioners/|title=Kwara gov reshuffles cabinet, swears in two commissioners|first=Tunde|last=Oyekola|date=March 10, 2025|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Olohungbebe yana da digiri na biyu daga [[Jami'ar Bayero]], Kano (BUK), ya sami digiri na biyu a ci gaban al'umma daga Jami'an Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomosho kuma ya sami digiri ya farko a cikin Sociology da Anthropology daga Jami'in Maiduguri, Jihar Borno.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyuka == Olohungbebe da farko ya kasance Malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]], Malete kafin a nada shi a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamna Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq kan ci gaban al'umma a ranar 3 ga Disamba 2023. A ranar 10 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, Bayan sake fasalin majalisar ministoci da Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]] ya yi, an nada Dokta Olohungbebe a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a a jihar Kwara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe the New Commissioner of the Ministry of Education and Human Capital Development in Kwara State. – Home I Kwara State University |url=https://kwasu.edu.ng/dr-lawal-olalekan-olohungbebe-the-new-commissioner-of-the-ministry-of-education-and-human-capital-development-in-kwara-state/}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, ya zama shugaban Kwamishinonin Ilimi na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Lawal Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Commends Gov Abdulrazaq's Efforts |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=37573 |website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Princewill |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Olohungbebe Emerges Chairman of Education Commissioners in Nigeria |url=https://factualtimesng.com/olohungbebe-emerges-chairman-of-education-commissioners-in-nigeria/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eyes |first=Afrika |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Sarkin Gobir Congratulates Olorungbebe On Election As National Education Commissioners Forum Chair |url=https://afrikaeyes.com/sarkin-gobir-congratulates-olorungbebe-on-election-as-national-education-commissioners-forum-chair/}}</ref> kasancewa fuska da wakilin sauran kwamishinonin ilimi a fadin jihohin kasar a matakin tarayya yana aiki tare da Ministan Ilimi, Tunji Alausa .<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Kwara Commissioner Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Takes Over COSCEN Secretariat — Edugist |url=https://edugist.org/kwara-commissioner-olohungbebe-emerges-chair-of-nigerias-education-commissioners-takes-over-coscen-secretariat/}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tcrt4nogdwgzcijqv7h94i3hx3mwsnm 888369 888368 2026-07-28T06:43:37Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi */ 888369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]] . Ya rike mukamin a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamnan Jihar Kwara kan Ci gaban Al'umma<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/kwara-governor-abdulrazaq-appoints-29-aides/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Kwara governor Abdulrazaq appoints 29 aides|first=Adekunle|last=Jimoh|date=November 11, 2023|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/kwara-gov-appoints-dr-olohungbebe-ssa-on-community-devt/|title=appointment as the Senior Special Adviser to the governor on community development}}</ref> har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a ta Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]].<ref name="auto">https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/education-commissioner-tasks-teachers-others-on-punctuality-dutifulness/</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/kwara-gov-reshuffles-cabinet-swears-in-two-commissioners/|title=Kwara gov reshuffles cabinet, swears in two commissioners|first=Tunde|last=Oyekola|date=March 10, 2025|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Olohungbebe yana da digiri na biyu daga [[Jami'ar Bayero]], Kano (BUK), ya sami digiri na biyu a ci gaban al'umma daga Jami'an Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomosho kuma ya sami digiri ya farko a cikin Sociology da Anthropology daga Jami'in Maiduguri, Jihar Borno.   == Ayyuka == Olohungbebe da farko ya kasance Malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]], Malete kafin a nada shi a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamna Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq kan ci gaban al'umma a ranar 3 ga Disamba 2023. A ranar 10 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, Bayan sake fasalin majalisar ministoci da Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]] ya yi, an nada Dokta Olohungbebe a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a a jihar Kwara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe the New Commissioner of the Ministry of Education and Human Capital Development in Kwara State. – Home I Kwara State University |url=https://kwasu.edu.ng/dr-lawal-olalekan-olohungbebe-the-new-commissioner-of-the-ministry-of-education-and-human-capital-development-in-kwara-state/}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, ya zama shugaban Kwamishinonin Ilimi na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Lawal Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Commends Gov Abdulrazaq's Efforts |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=37573 |website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Princewill |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Olohungbebe Emerges Chairman of Education Commissioners in Nigeria |url=https://factualtimesng.com/olohungbebe-emerges-chairman-of-education-commissioners-in-nigeria/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eyes |first=Afrika |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Sarkin Gobir Congratulates Olorungbebe On Election As National Education Commissioners Forum Chair |url=https://afrikaeyes.com/sarkin-gobir-congratulates-olorungbebe-on-election-as-national-education-commissioners-forum-chair/}}</ref> kasancewa fuska da wakilin sauran kwamishinonin ilimi a fadin jihohin kasar a matakin tarayya yana aiki tare da Ministan Ilimi, Tunji Alausa .<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Kwara Commissioner Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Takes Over COSCEN Secretariat — Edugist |url=https://edugist.org/kwara-commissioner-olohungbebe-emerges-chair-of-nigerias-education-commissioners-takes-over-coscen-secretariat/}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] f4rlica7xbapgk3lct0o5thspjco51t 888370 888369 2026-07-28T06:45:31Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Ayyuka */ 888370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]] . Ya rike mukamin a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamnan Jihar Kwara kan Ci gaban Al'umma<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/kwara-governor-abdulrazaq-appoints-29-aides/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Kwara governor Abdulrazaq appoints 29 aides|first=Adekunle|last=Jimoh|date=November 11, 2023|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/kwara-gov-appoints-dr-olohungbebe-ssa-on-community-devt/|title=appointment as the Senior Special Adviser to the governor on community development}}</ref> har zuwa lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a ta Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]].<ref name="auto">https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/education-commissioner-tasks-teachers-others-on-punctuality-dutifulness/</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/kwara-gov-reshuffles-cabinet-swears-in-two-commissioners/|title=Kwara gov reshuffles cabinet, swears in two commissioners|first=Tunde|last=Oyekola|date=March 10, 2025|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Olohungbebe yana da digiri na biyu daga [[Jami'ar Bayero]], Kano (BUK), ya sami digiri na biyu a ci gaban al'umma daga Jami'an Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomosho kuma ya sami digiri ya farko a cikin Sociology da Anthropology daga Jami'in Maiduguri, Jihar Borno.   == Ayyuka == Olohungbebe da farko ya kasance Malami a [[Jami'ar Jihar Kwara]], Malete kafin a nada shi a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Musamman ga Gwamna Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq kan ci gaban al'umma <ref>https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/kwara-gov-appoints-dr-olohungbebe-ssa-on-community-devt/</ref><ref name="auto2">https://kwarastate.gov.ng/press_releases/kwara-gov-appoints-dr-olohungbebe-ssa-on-community-devt/</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2"/>a ranar 3 ga Disamba 2023. A ranar 10 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, Bayan sake fasalin majalisar ministoci da Gwamna [[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|Abdulrahman Abdulrazaq]] ya yi, an nada Dokta Olohungbebe a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi da Ci gaban Jama'a a jihar Kwara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Lawal Olalekan Olohungbebe the New Commissioner of the Ministry of Education and Human Capital Development in Kwara State. – Home I Kwara State University |url=https://kwasu.edu.ng/dr-lawal-olalekan-olohungbebe-the-new-commissioner-of-the-ministry-of-education-and-human-capital-development-in-kwara-state/}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, ya zama shugaban Kwamishinonin Ilimi na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Lawal Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Commends Gov Abdulrazaq's Efforts |url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=37573 |website=www.ilorin.info}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Princewill |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Olohungbebe Emerges Chairman of Education Commissioners in Nigeria |url=https://factualtimesng.com/olohungbebe-emerges-chairman-of-education-commissioners-in-nigeria/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eyes |first=Afrika |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Sarkin Gobir Congratulates Olorungbebe On Election As National Education Commissioners Forum Chair |url=https://afrikaeyes.com/sarkin-gobir-congratulates-olorungbebe-on-election-as-national-education-commissioners-forum-chair/}}</ref> kasancewa fuska da wakilin sauran kwamishinonin ilimi a fadin jihohin kasar a matakin tarayya yana aiki tare da Ministan Ilimi, Tunji Alausa .<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Kwara Commissioner Olohungbebe Emerges Chair of Nigeria's Education Commissioners, Takes Over COSCEN Secretariat — Edugist |url=https://edugist.org/kwara-commissioner-olohungbebe-emerges-chair-of-nigerias-education-commissioners-takes-over-coscen-secretariat/}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mjdr3hzoygpm6tis6c0y5av0bqgg78m 2 162407 888371 2026-07-28T07:01:08Z Salim Abubakar Katau 47338 Updated my user page with a brief introduction, areas of interest, and relevant external links 888371 wikitext text/x-wiki Hello, I am Salim Abubakar Katau. I am interested in contributing to Wikimedia projects, especially topics related to healthcare, technology, education, and digital media. My interests include pharmacy, healthcare , graphic design, digital illustration, animation, and artificial intelligence content creation. I am based in Gombe, Nigeria and interested in improving knowledge sharing through Wikimedia projects. https://periscopenga.com/2025/04/gombe-calls-for-entries-in-android-graphic-design-time-management-training/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/salim-abubakar-9253751b8?utm_source=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=member_android https://www.dailygombe.blogspot.com f0r9yag5a9wkrc6jddn3dmexdyytyao 888372 888371 2026-07-28T07:01:45Z NDG 37615 Requesting deletion 888372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|Spam}} __NOINDEX__Hello, I am Salim Abubakar Katau. I am interested in contributing to Wikimedia projects, especially topics related to healthcare, technology, education, and digital media. My interests include pharmacy, healthcare , graphic design, digital illustration, animation, and artificial intelligence content creation. I am based in Gombe, Nigeria and interested in improving knowledge sharing through Wikimedia projects. https://periscopenga.com/2025/04/gombe-calls-for-entries-in-android-graphic-design-time-management-training/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/salim-abubakar-9253751b8?utm_source=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=member_android https://www.dailygombe.blogspot.com kexmowx8n6k92j6qq5z3tq5mjq9yjob 0 162408 888379 2026-07-28T09:05:28Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352955540|Oregon Route 213]]" 888379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hanyar [[Oregon]] 213''' ('''Ko 213''') babbar hanya ce ta jihar Oregon da ke aiki da gabashin Willamette Valley tsakanin Portland da Salem . Hanyar arewa maso kudu ce. Hanyar (sai dai ga ɓangaren kudancin) an san ta da '''Hanyar Cascade''', kodayake takamaiman sassan sun fi sanannun sunaye. == Bayani game da hanya == [[Fayil:Oregon_Route_213_in_Oregon_City,_OR.JPG|left|thumb|Oregon 213 inda babbar hanyar ta fara a Birnin Oregon, Oregon.]] [[Fayil:Oregon_Route_213_Near_Mulino,_Oregon.JPG|left|thumb|Hanyar Oregon 213 Kusa da Mulino, Oregon]] Hanyar Oregon 213 ta fara ne a Interstate 5 kuma tana tafiya a kan titin Kasuwanci, Lancaster Drive da Silverton Road a Salem. Ya ci gaba da arewa maso gabas a kan Silverton Road kuma ya haɗu da Oregon Route 214 a garin Silverton . Yana tafiya daga arewa daga garin kuma yana ci gaba da wannan hanyar na mil goma sha biyu har sai ya kai Molalla. Arewacin Molalla ya zo ga al'ummomin Liberal, Mulino da Carus inda ya ci gaba zuwa arewa a matsayin hanya mai layin biyu, hanyar da ba a raba ta ba. A kusa da Kwalejin Al'umma ta Clackamas ya haɗu da Molalla Avenue . Wannan ɓangaren hanyar an san shi da 82nd Drive, Oregon City Bypass ko Trails End Highway. Yana zuwa arewa a kan hanya mai layin hudu ta hanyar wani dutse mai ban sha'awa a gefen gabashin Oregon City na kimanin kilomita uku kafin ya gudana a layi daya da Interstate 205, galibi yana ba da sabis ga zirga-zirga na gida da kasuwancin gida. A nan, yayin da yake tafiya zuwa arewa, ya zama Arewa maso gabas da Kudu maso gabas 82nd Avenue, babbar hanyar zirga-zirga ta hanyoyi biyar ta gabashin Portland. Wannan tashar da ta gabata ta kasance a filin Filin jirgin saman Portland International a wani tsakiya tare da filin jirgin sama a tsakiyar tsakanin Interstate 205 da tashar filin jirgin sama.[1] Bayan an canja hanyar zuwa Portland a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, babbar hanyar ta ƙare yadda ya kamata a iyakokin birni a unguwar Lents, wanda shine titin SE Clatsop.[2] === Hanyoyi da suka hada da === OR 213 ya ƙunshi manyan hanyoyi masu suna (duba manyan Hanyoyi da hanyoyi na Oregon) daga arewa zuwa kudu: * '''Hanyar Cascade ta Arewa No. 68'''; * Wani ɓangare na Hanyar Clackamas No. 171 (a lokaci guda tare da Ko 224); * Wani ɓangare na titin East Portland Highway No. 64 (a lokaci guda tare da I-205); * '''Hanyar Cascade ta Kudu No. 160'''; * Wani ɓangare na Hanyar Hillsboro-Silverton No. 140 (a lokaci guda tare da OR 214); * '''Babban titin''' a Silverton; * McClaine Street a Silverton; * '''Hanyar Silverton''' a cikin Marion County; * '''Lancaster Drive''' a Salem; da kuma * '''Hanyar Kasuwanci''' a Salem. == Tarihi == Ga mafi yawanci, daidaitattun OR 213 ya kasance iri ɗaya a tsawon shekaru; duk da haka sake daidaitawa masu zuwa sun faru: * OR 213 ya kasance yana da cikakken haɗin tare da I-84 kafin gina I-205. Yanzu, mutum zai iya shiga I-84 zuwa yamma (zuwa cikin garin Portland) ko fita I-84 a kan OR 213 zuwa gabas (yana zuwa daga Portland). Hanyar OR 213 da I-84 ita ce kuma inda OR 213 ta haye kan layin dogo mai haske na MAX Blue, Red, da Green a tashar Northeast 82nd Avenue. * Kafin gina OR 224 Expressway, OR 213 ya tafi kudu daga Sunnyside Road, ya juya gabas zuwa abin da ke Sunnybrook a halin yanzu, ya sake juya kudu zuwa 84th Avenue, ya ci gaba zuwa abin da yake yanzu Ambler, kuma ya ci gaba a kan 82nd Drive ta hanyar Clackamas. * Kafin gina I-205, OR 213 ya raba layi tare da Ko 212 tsakanin Clackamas da Oregon City tare da titin gida da aka sani da 82nd Drive. An sake daidaita shi a kan I-205 a cikin 1971. * Kafin gina Oregon City Bypass a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, an yi amfani da babbar hanyar a kan layi ta Oregon City tare da Washington da 7th Streets da Molalla Avenue. * A Salem, babbar hanyar ba ta amfani da ita don haɗawa da I-5 ta hanyar Lancaster Drive da Market Streets; maimakon haka ta ci gaba da yamma tare da Silverton Road (ta wucewa a ƙarƙashin I-5 amma ba tare da musayar ba) har sai titin na ƙarshe ya haɗu da tsohuwar Ko 99E (Portland Road / Fairgrounds Road) * A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 2022 Portland ta mallaki 82nd ave kuma ODOT ba ta sarrafa ta ba. Yanzu ya ƙare a iyakokin birni (SE Clatsop street). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] rjwlqx2q9c2z2zhfvnlh9zr1q0yaadb 888380 888379 2026-07-28T09:07:54Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Saka akwatyn bayanai 888380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hanyar [[Oregon]] 213''' ('''Ko 213''') babbar hanya ce ta jihar Oregon da ke aiki da gabashin Willamette Valley tsakanin Portland da Salem . Hanyar arewa maso kudu ce. Hanyar (sai dai ga ɓangaren kudancin) an san ta da '''Hanyar Cascade''', kodayake takamaiman sassan sun fi sanannun sunaye. == Bayani game da hanya == [[Fayil:Oregon_Route_213_in_Oregon_City,_OR.JPG|left|thumb|Oregon 213 inda babbar hanyar ta fara a Birnin Oregon, Oregon.]] [[Fayil:Oregon_Route_213_Near_Mulino,_Oregon.JPG|left|thumb|Hanyar Oregon 213 Kusa da Mulino, Oregon]] Hanyar Oregon 213 ta fara ne a Interstate 5 kuma tana tafiya a kan titin Kasuwanci, Lancaster Drive da Silverton Road a Salem. Ya ci gaba da arewa maso gabas a kan Silverton Road kuma ya haɗu da Oregon Route 214 a garin Silverton . Yana tafiya daga arewa daga garin kuma yana ci gaba da wannan hanyar na mil goma sha biyu har sai ya kai Molalla. Arewacin Molalla ya zo ga al'ummomin Liberal, Mulino da Carus inda ya ci gaba zuwa arewa a matsayin hanya mai layin biyu, hanyar da ba a raba ta ba. A kusa da Kwalejin Al'umma ta Clackamas ya haɗu da Molalla Avenue . Wannan ɓangaren hanyar an san shi da 82nd Drive, Oregon City Bypass ko Trails End Highway. Yana zuwa arewa a kan hanya mai layin hudu ta hanyar wani dutse mai ban sha'awa a gefen gabashin Oregon City na kimanin kilomita uku kafin ya gudana a layi daya da Interstate 205, galibi yana ba da sabis ga zirga-zirga na gida da kasuwancin gida. A nan, yayin da yake tafiya zuwa arewa, ya zama Arewa maso gabas da Kudu maso gabas 82nd Avenue, babbar hanyar zirga-zirga ta hanyoyi biyar ta gabashin Portland. Wannan tashar da ta gabata ta kasance a filin Filin jirgin saman Portland International a wani tsakiya tare da filin jirgin sama a tsakiyar tsakanin Interstate 205 da tashar filin jirgin sama.[1] Bayan an canja hanyar zuwa Portland a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, babbar hanyar ta ƙare yadda ya kamata a iyakokin birni a unguwar Lents, wanda shine titin SE Clatsop.[2] === Hanyoyi da suka hada da === OR 213 ya ƙunshi manyan hanyoyi masu suna (duba manyan Hanyoyi da hanyoyi na Oregon) daga arewa zuwa kudu: * '''Hanyar Cascade ta Arewa No. 68'''; * Wani ɓangare na Hanyar Clackamas No. 171 (a lokaci guda tare da Ko 224); * Wani ɓangare na titin East Portland Highway No. 64 (a lokaci guda tare da I-205); * '''Hanyar Cascade ta Kudu No. 160'''; * Wani ɓangare na Hanyar Hillsboro-Silverton No. 140 (a lokaci guda tare da OR 214); * '''Babban titin''' a Silverton; * McClaine Street a Silverton; * '''Hanyar Silverton''' a cikin Marion County; * '''Lancaster Drive''' a Salem; da kuma * '''Hanyar Kasuwanci''' a Salem. == Tarihi == Ga mafi yawanci, daidaitattun OR 213 ya kasance iri ɗaya a tsawon shekaru; duk da haka sake daidaitawa masu zuwa sun faru: * OR 213 ya kasance yana da cikakken haɗin tare da I-84 kafin gina I-205. Yanzu, mutum zai iya shiga I-84 zuwa yamma (zuwa cikin garin Portland) ko fita I-84 a kan OR 213 zuwa gabas (yana zuwa daga Portland). Hanyar OR 213 da I-84 ita ce kuma inda OR 213 ta haye kan layin dogo mai haske na MAX Blue, Red, da Green a tashar Northeast 82nd Avenue. * Kafin gina OR 224 Expressway, OR 213 ya tafi kudu daga Sunnyside Road, ya juya gabas zuwa abin da ke Sunnybrook a halin yanzu, ya sake juya kudu zuwa 84th Avenue, ya ci gaba zuwa abin da yake yanzu Ambler, kuma ya ci gaba a kan 82nd Drive ta hanyar Clackamas. * Kafin gina I-205, OR 213 ya raba layi tare da Ko 212 tsakanin Clackamas da Oregon City tare da titin gida da aka sani da 82nd Drive. An sake daidaita shi a kan I-205 a cikin 1971. * Kafin gina Oregon City Bypass a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, an yi amfani da babbar hanyar a kan layi ta Oregon City tare da Washington da 7th Streets da Molalla Avenue. * A Salem, babbar hanyar ba ta amfani da ita don haɗawa da I-5 ta hanyar Lancaster Drive da Market Streets; maimakon haka ta ci gaba da yamma tare da Silverton Road (ta wucewa a ƙarƙashin I-5 amma ba tare da musayar ba) har sai titin na ƙarshe ya haɗu da tsohuwar Ko 99E (Portland Road / Fairgrounds Road) * A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 2022 Portland ta mallaki 82nd ave kuma ODOT ba ta sarrafa ta ba. Yanzu ya ƙare a iyakokin birni (SE Clatsop street). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] j8zaztla6gee2o7bczemec6f9ahfoyw 0 162409 888412 2026-07-28T10:25:53Z BnHamid 12586 BnHamid moved page [[Self Esteem]] to [[Self Esteem (mawakiya)]] 888412 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Self Esteem (mawakiya)]] bk5nbv3ma2p25eui73btd6fktvk5tfh 0 162410 888438 2026-07-28T10:43:18Z Amaka of God 46157 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:ig:Special:Redirect/revision/657250|Jackie King]]" 888438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} lhwm89apuj3deacv9ix6hpf8y00t4o7 0 162411 888474 2026-07-28T11:55:41Z M Bash Ne 12403 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363381004|Joint Service Defence College]]" 888474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwalejin Tsaro ta hadin gwiwa (JSDC) ''' wata makarantar horo ce ga ma'aikatan soja daga shekarar cikin 1947 zuwa shekara ta 1997. Tun daga wannan lokacin aka sanya ta cikin Kwamandan Ayyuka na haɗin gwiwa da Kwalejin Ma'aikata. == Tarihi == An kafa kwalejin a matsayin Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Haɗin gwiwa (JSSC) a cikin shekarar 1947 tare da Rear AdmIRA Cyril Douglas-Pennant a matsayin kwamandan farko a kwalejin. An kafa ta ne a Gidan Latimer, Buckinghamshire . An sake mata suna da '''Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa''' (NDC) a shekarar 1971. A ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1974, IRA ta fashe bam a a cikin NDC babu wani mutum da ya mutu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Chronology of the Conflict - 1974 |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch74.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230151405/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch74.htm |archive-date=2010-12-30 |access-date=2011-08-03}}</ref> A shekara ta 1983, an sake sunan NDC a '''Kwalejin Tsaro ta hadin gwiwa''' (JSDC), kuma ta koma Kwalejin Royal Naval, Greenwich. An rufe kwalejin a cikin shekarar 1997 kuma an an sanya ta cikin sabon Kwamandan Ayyuka na haɗin gwiwa da Kwalejin Ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 1997 |title=Joint Services Command And Staff College |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1997-03-06/debates/154f5391-821e-4d8a-a6b5-f03128694a33/JointServicesCommandAndStaffCollege |access-date=18 June 2025 |publisher=Hansard}}</ref> == Ma'aikata da ɗalibai == Kwamandan ya kasance Manjo-Kanal ko kwatankwacinsa. Babban Ma'aikatan Gudanarwa sun haɗa da Royal Navy, Sojojin Burtaniya, Sojoji na Royal Air Force, farar hula da kuma daidai: farar hula G5 ko Mataimakin Sakatare (Mai ba da shawara). Jami'an da ke halartar karatun, waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan gudanar da ayyukan sabis guda uku, yawanci suna da matsayi na Lieutenant-Colonel ko dai-dai <ref name="guide">{{Cite web |title=Greenwich Guide |url=http://www.greenwich-guide.org.uk/february.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407103325/http://www.greenwich-guide.org.uk/february.htm |archive-date=2013-04-07 |access-date=2011-08-03}}</ref> kuma dole ne su sami damar tashi aƙalla maki biyu a cikin matsayi. Ana gudanar da darussan uku, kowannensu na kimanin watanni tara, <ref name="guide" /> . == Ɗalibai == === Sojojin Sama === * Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh, 6th Chief of the Air Staff (India). <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 1958 |title=Two Air Commodores Become Air Vice-Marshals |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1959-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1958-05-23_327.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in}}</ref> * Air Marshal Asghar Khan, Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Sama na Pakistan na farko. * Babban Air Marshal Lewis Hodges === Sojoji === * Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]], [[Mulkin Soja a Najeriya|Shugaban Kasar Najeriya]] na 3 kuma Shugaban Sojoji na farko (Nijeriya). <ref>{{Cite web |title=General Yakubu Dan-Yumma Gowon (Jack) {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/2747/Yakubu_Gowon |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=www.africa-confidential.com}}</ref> === Sojan Ruwa === * Mataimakin Admiral Nilakanta Krishnan, 2nd Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command (India). * Mataimakin Admiral S. M. Ahsan, Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta ƙasar Pakistan na 4 == Dubi kuma == * Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Sojojin Iran]] [[Rukuni:Sojojin Najeriya]] b3tm281jr6jtqjukh0w4wu6yo6y93wf 888476 888474 2026-07-28T11:56:14Z M Bash Ne 12403 888476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Tsaro ta hadin gwiwa (JSDC) ''' wata makarantar horo ce ga ma'aikatan soja daga shekarar cikin 1947 zuwa shekara ta 1997. Tun daga wannan lokacin aka sanya ta cikin Kwamandan Ayyuka na haɗin gwiwa da Kwalejin Ma'aikata. == Tarihi == An kafa kwalejin a matsayin Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Haɗin gwiwa (JSSC) a cikin shekarar 1947 tare da Rear AdmIRA Cyril Douglas-Pennant a matsayin kwamandan farko a kwalejin. An kafa ta ne a Gidan Latimer, Buckinghamshire . An sake mata suna da '''Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa''' (NDC) a shekarar 1971. A ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1974, IRA ta fashe bam a a cikin NDC babu wani mutum da ya mutu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Chronology of the Conflict - 1974 |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch74.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230151405/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch74.htm |archive-date=2010-12-30 |access-date=2011-08-03}}</ref> A shekara ta 1983, an sake sunan NDC a '''Kwalejin Tsaro ta hadin gwiwa''' (JSDC), kuma ta koma Kwalejin Royal Naval, Greenwich. An rufe kwalejin a cikin shekarar 1997 kuma an an sanya ta cikin sabon Kwamandan Ayyuka na haɗin gwiwa da Kwalejin Ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 1997 |title=Joint Services Command And Staff College |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1997-03-06/debates/154f5391-821e-4d8a-a6b5-f03128694a33/JointServicesCommandAndStaffCollege |access-date=18 June 2025 |publisher=Hansard}}</ref> == Ma'aikata da ɗalibai == Kwamandan ya kasance Manjo-Kanal ko kwatankwacinsa. Babban Ma'aikatan Gudanarwa sun haɗa da Royal Navy, Sojojin Burtaniya, Sojoji na Royal Air Force, farar hula da kuma daidai: farar hula G5 ko Mataimakin Sakatare (Mai ba da shawara). Jami'an da ke halartar karatun, waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan gudanar da ayyukan sabis guda uku, yawanci suna da matsayi na Lieutenant-Colonel ko dai-dai <ref name="guide">{{Cite web |title=Greenwich Guide |url=http://www.greenwich-guide.org.uk/february.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407103325/http://www.greenwich-guide.org.uk/february.htm |archive-date=2013-04-07 |access-date=2011-08-03}}</ref> kuma dole ne su sami damar tashi aƙalla maki biyu a cikin matsayi. Ana gudanar da darussan uku, kowannensu na kimanin watanni tara, <ref name="guide" /> . == Ɗalibai == === Sojojin Sama === * Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh, 6th Chief of the Air Staff (India). <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 1958 |title=Two Air Commodores Become Air Vice-Marshals |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1959-JAN-DEC-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1958-05-23_327.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in}}</ref> * Air Marshal Asghar Khan, Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Sama na Pakistan na farko. * Babban Air Marshal Lewis Hodges === Sojoji === * Janar [[Yakubu Gowon]], [[Mulkin Soja a Najeriya|Shugaban Kasar Najeriya]] na 3 kuma Shugaban Sojoji na farko (Nijeriya). <ref>{{Cite web |title=General Yakubu Dan-Yumma Gowon (Jack) {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/2747/Yakubu_Gowon |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=www.africa-confidential.com}}</ref> === Sojan Ruwa === * Mataimakin Admiral Nilakanta Krishnan, 2nd Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command (India). * Mataimakin Admiral S. M. Ahsan, Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta ƙasar Pakistan na 4 == Dubi kuma == * Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Sojojin Iran]] [[Rukuni:Sojojin Najeriya]] 2qikw805ky3nts9qt2kditcte3a8acm